at 8 o'clock

on Monday

in April
I start work at 8 o'clock.
The shops close at 5.30.

8 o'clock

~ n i h g h t etc.
:

. .c

Sunday{s) / Monday(s) etc.

Goodbye! See you on Friday.

I don't work on Sundays.
The concert is on 22 November.

New Year's Day etc.

April/June

etc.

summer/spring

at night

at Christmas / at Easter
at the end of
at the moment

...

etc.

I'm going on holiday in October.

Emma left school in 1993.
*-The garden is lovely in spring.

Are you going away at: the weekend?

I, can't sleep at night.
Where dyou be at Christmas?(but on Christmas Day)
I'm going on holiday at the end of October.
Are you busy at the moment?

in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening

1 always feel good in the morning.
Do you often go out in the evening?
but

on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon I on Friday evening / on Saturday night etc.:

I'm meeting Jill on Monday morning.
Are you doing anydung on Saturday evening?

We do not use at/on/in before:

last . . . (last August / last week etc.)

Are you going out this evening?

The garden was lovely last summer.
I'm going on holiday next Monday.
(not 'onnext Monday')

in. five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years etc.
Hurry!
(= it leaves
Thefive
train
minutes
leaves i
from
n five
now)
minutes.
I
"2
@
@
@
now
in five minutes
a:

[200]

h/at/on (places)

Goodbye! I'll see you in a few days.

(= a few days from now)

Write atlonfin.
1 !.!. ....... 6 June
2 ..h.
.......the evening
3 ...............half past two
4 ...............
Wednesday
5 ...............1987
6 ............... September

7
8
9
10

11
12

...............24 September
...............
Thursday
...............11.45
...............Christmas Day
...............Christmas

13
14
15
16

............... the

18

morning

17

...............Friday morning
...............Saturday night:
...............night
...............the end of the day
...............the weekend
...............winter

Write atlonlin.
I often go away ...............the weekend.
I'm starting my new job ................3 Jdy.
We often go to the beach ............... summer.
George isn't here ...............the moment.
Julia's birthday is ...............January
Do you work ............... Saturdays?
The company started ...............1969.
1 like to look at the stars ...............night.
I'll send you the money ............... the end
of the month,

1 Goodbye! See you ... ...... Friday.

2 Where were you ...............28 February?
3 1 got up ........:...... 8 o'clock-this morning.
4 I like getting up early ...............the morning.
5 My sister got married ...............May
6 Diane and I first met ............... 1979.
7 Did you go out ...............Tuesday?
8 Did you go out ...............Tuesday evening?
9 Do you often go out ...............the evening?
10 Let's meet ...............7.30 tomorrow evening.

Look at Lisa's diary for next week and complete the sentences.

I Lisa is going to the cinema . , ~ ~ , . , W ~ . ~ ~ ~ , , ~ . ~ ~ ~ . I . . .

2 She has to phone Chris ..............................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
3 She isn't doing
anything special
. .
4 She's got a driving lesson ..............................................................................................................................................................
5 She's going to a party ........................................................................................................................................................................
6 She's meeting Sam ..........................................................................................................................................................................

Write sentences with in ....

1 It's 17.25 now. The trainleaves at 17.30.

2 It's Monday today. I'll phone you on Thursday.
3 Today is 14June. My exam is on 28 June.
4 It's 3 o'clock now. Tom will be here a t 3.30.

.........................................................................................
The train leaves h fwe. m h h .
I'll ........................................................................... days.
My .......................................................................................
Torn .......................................................................................

Write atlonlin if necessary: Sometimes there is no preposition.

1 I'm leaving .en..... Friday.
2 I'm leaving .,-... next Friday. (no preposition)
3 1 always feel-tired...............the evening.
4 W d you be at home ............... this evening?
5 We went to France ...............last summer.
6 Laura was born ...............1975.

7
8
9
10
11
12

What are you doing ...............t h e weekend?

I phone Robert ............... every Sunday.
Shall we play tennis ...............next Sunday?
I can't go to the party ...............Sunday.
I'm going out. I'll be back ...............an hour.
I don't ofien go out ...............night.

from ... to

until

since

for

You can also say fram ... until . . . :

until + the cnd ofa period

until ~ r i d a ~ until D e c e m b e r
until 3 oklock
until I come back
~ h e f r egoing away tomorrow. They'll be away until Friday.
I went to bed early but I wasn't tired. I read a book until 3 o'clock.
Wait here until I come back.

You can aIso say till (= until):

Wait here till 1come back.

Friday

Compare:

'How long will you be away?' 'Until Monday.'

'When are you coming back?' 'On Monday.'

since

+ a time in the part (to now)

I since Monday

since 1968
since 2.30
since I arrived
We use since after the puesentpefect (haw been / have done etc.):
John is in hospital. He has been in hospital
iince ~ o n d &(= h r n Monday to nbw>
Mr and Mrs Kelly have been married since
1968. (from 1968 to now)
It has been raining since I arrived.
Compare:
We lived in Canada from 1982'to 1990.
We lived in,Canada until 1990.
Now we live in France. We came to France in 1990.
We have lived in France since 1990. (= horn 1990 until now)

now

We use for (not since} + a period oJtirne (three days / ten years e Q ) :
John has been in hospital for three days. {not 'since three days')

for

+ aperiod of

time

for three days

for ten years
for ten minutes
for a long time
George stayed with us for three days.
I'm going away for a few weeks.
I'm going away for the weekend.
They've been married for ten years.
Monday - Tuesday -

I.

present perfect + for/since 3

present perfect (I
have lived) and past simple (lived)
I

Wednesday

EXERCISES
97.1

Read the information about these people and complete the sentences. Use from
ALEX

ALICE

... to I until Isince.

CAROL

GERRY

Is

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(Alex/ Canada/ 1982-1990)

(Alex/ Canada / -+1990)
(Alex / England / 1990 +)
(Alice / France / + 1991)
( f i c e / Switzerland / 1992 +)
(Carol/ ahatel/ 1990-1993)
(Carol / a restaurant / 1993 +)
(Gerry / a teacher / 1983- 1989)
(Gerry / a salesman / 1989 3)

M work

as LL

Alex lived ....~ . . , ~ ~ . .~f%r ~~, . ?

@ .!. .! ~,. ~ b . : . ,
Alex lived in Canada ..................................... I 990.
Alex has lived in England .....................................
..................................
Alice lived in .................................................................................................
Ahce has lived in .......................................................................................
Carol worked ............................................. 1990 ..................................
Carol has worked ......................................................................................
Gerry was a ..................................................................................................
Gerry has been .........................
.
................................................................

Now write sentences with for.

I
t

I
I

B7.2

10 (Alex / Canada)
11 (Alex / England)
12 (Alice / Switzerland}
13 (Carol / a hotel)
14 (Carol / restaurant)
15 (Gerry / a teacher)
16 (Gerry / a salesman)

.....
...ALex...~.~..k.,
Cdn~..fer..eight.yedl.s
Alex has lived in England ...................................
...........................................................
Ahce has ....................................................................................................................................
Carol worked ......................................................................................................................
Carol ............................................................................................................................................
Gerry ..............................................................................
.........
Gerry ........................................................................................................................................

Put in until/since/for.

1 Mr and Mrs Kelly have been married ..~k!~e-.....

1968.
2 1 was tired this morning. I stayed in bed ............................. 10 o'clock.
3 We waited for Sue ...........................
halfan hour but she cLdn't come.
4 'Have you just arrived?' 'No, I've been here ...............................halfpast seven.'
mihght.'
5 'How long did you stay at the party last night?' '..........................
6 David and I are good friends. We have known each other ...........................
ten years.
7 I'm tired. I'm going to lie down ...........................
.... a few minutes.
8 Don't open t h e door of the train .............................. the traixl. stops.
9 This is my house. I've lived here ...............................I was seven years old.
10 Jack has gone away. He'll be away ...............................Wednesday.
11 Next week Ilrn going to Paris ...............................three days.
12 I usually finish work at 5.30, but sometiines I work ............................ six.
13 'How long have you known Ann?' '............................... we were at school together.'
14 Where have you been? I've been waiting for you .............................. twenty minutes.

before

after

before

before the film

while

during

aA er

during

during the film

Everybody is nervous before exams.

a I went to sleep during the film.
r We wire +red after our visit to the nluseurn.

before

before we played

while

after

while we were playmg

after w e played

Don't forget to close the window before you go out.

a I ofien go to sleep while I'm watching television.
They went home after they did the shopping.

during, while and for

We use during + noun (during the film). We use while + verb {while I'm watching):
a We didn't speak during the meal.
We didn't speak while w e were eating. (not 'during we were eating')
but
Use for (not 'during') -t- a period oftime (three days / two hours / a year etc.):
We played tennis for two hours. (not 'during two hours')
I lived in London for a year. (not 'during a year')

You can use befordafter + -ing (before going / after eating eft.):
I always have breakfast before going to work. (= before I go to work)
After doing the shopping, they went home. (= after they I d )
Do not say 'before to go', 'after to do' etc.:
Before eating the apple, 1washed it carefully. (not 'before to eat')
I started work after reading the newspaper. (not 'after to read')

pisf continvow (I was -ing) 3

before/afier/while/when

for =+

prepositionl + -ing 3

EXERCISES
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
before

the concert
the course
the end

during

while
1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8

h e e n ~

lunch
the niiht

they went to Australia

you are waiting

...a

Everybody was nervous ...b.

%...%W!
h .......
I usually work four hours in the morning, and another two hours ............................................................
The film w a s very boring. We left ....................................................................................................................................
Ann went to evening classes to learn German. She learnt a lot .....................................................................
.
My aunt: and uncle lived in London ......................................
A: Somebody broke a window .................................................................................. Did you hear anything?
B: No. I was asleep all the time.
Would you like to sit down .................................................................................................................................................?
'Are you going home .............................................................................7' 'No, we're going to a restaurant.'

.
.

Put in duringhvhileflor.

1 We l d n ' t speak .~h%...w e were eating.

2 We ddn't speak .& rk9.... the meal.
3 George phoned ...............................you were out.
4 I stayed in Rome ...............................five days.
5 Sally wrote a lot of letters ............................ she was on holiday.
6 The students lobked very bored ............................. the lesson.
7 I fell out ofbed .............................
.. I was asleep.
8 Yesterday evening I watched TV ............................... three hours.
9 I don't usually watch T V ............................... the day
10 Do you ever watch TV ...............................you are having dinner?

58.3

Complete the,sentences. Use -in0 (doing etc,).

1 After .W!g ..,. the shopping, they went home.

2 1 felt sick after ..................................... too much chocolate.
3 I'm going to ask you a question. Thnk carefully before ............................... it.
4 I felt a,wfulwhen I got up this morning. I felt better after ......................................a shower.
5 After ......................................my work,I left the off~ceand went home.
4 Before ..................................... to a foreign country, it's a good idea to learn a few words of the
language.

Write sentences with before -t -ing and afler -I- -in@

1 They did the shop ing. Then they went home.

After .dobg...&.~.s.,~~S..ththey..wwwtt.h~,e,.~
......
2 John left school. Then he worked in a bookshop for two years.
John worked .....................................................................................................................................................................................
3 1 read a few pages of-mybook.Then I went to sleep.
Before .......................................................................................
...............,.............................................................................aa4........,,.....T..
4 We walked far three hours. We were very ~ e d .

After ......................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................

5 Let's have s. cup of coffee. Then we'll go out.
Let's ..............................................-......................................................................:...............................................................................+.....