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CISC 101 - Computer Hardware: Remember Binary ? - How We Talk "Computer"

The document discusses the key components of computer hardware. It describes how computers use binary to represent numbers as strings of 0s and 1s. The core hardware components are the central processing unit (CPU) which interprets instructions, main memory to store currently running programs, and input/output devices like the keyboard, monitor, and storage drives. Additional components that enable communication between these parts are integrated circuits, transistors, and buses. The document outlines the Von Neumann architecture model of separate memory, processing, and input/output units that was a foundational structure for computer system design.

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29 views

CISC 101 - Computer Hardware: Remember Binary ? - How We Talk "Computer"

The document discusses the key components of computer hardware. It describes how computers use binary to represent numbers as strings of 0s and 1s. The core hardware components are the central processing unit (CPU) which interprets instructions, main memory to store currently running programs, and input/output devices like the keyboard, monitor, and storage drives. Additional components that enable communication between these parts are integrated circuits, transistors, and buses. The document outlines the Von Neumann architecture model of separate memory, processing, and input/output units that was a foundational structure for computer system design.

Uploaded by

raasiboi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CISC 101 Computer Hardware

Remember Binary ? How we talk computer


For numbers in base 2, there are two possible digits (0,1) in which each column is a
power of two:

128

64

32

16

2^7

2^6

2^5

2^4

2^3

2^2

2^1

2^0

= 99

From decimal to binary

Bits and Bytes


Successive division of the number by 2, then padding with zeros from left.
99/2 = 49, with remainder 1
49/2 = 24, with remainder 1
24/2 = 12, with remainder 0
12/2 = 6, with remainder 0
6/2 = 3, with remainder 0
3/2 = 1, with remainder 1
1/2 = 0, with remainder 1

1100011

We needed a standard

Computer Hardware
Computer hardware comprises the physical part of a computer system.
It includes the all important components of the Central processing unit CPU and
main memory
It also includes peripheral components such as keyboard, monitor, mouse and
printer
Input

Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Touch Panel
Mic
Network

Output

Screen
Printer
Speakers
Network

Storage

Hard disk
Flash drives
DVDs/CDs

CPU

Processors
RAM
ROM
Cache

All of these devices communicate in 0 and 1

Digital Computing: Its All About Switches

Computer hardware must be reliable and error free.


The key to developing reliable systems is to keep the design as simple as possible

Decimal Digitalization
In electronic computing, values are represented by discrete voltage levels
Computer hardware based on simple electronic on/off systems called transistors

Transistors
First demonstrated in 1947

The transistor, developed in 1947, revolutionized electronics.


It allowed for all the dramatic advances in computing technology.

Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuits (chips), the building blocks of computer hardware,

Fundamental Hardware Components


Central processing unit (CPU) the brain of a computer system. Interprets and
executes instructions.
Main memory Is where currently executing programs reside. It is volatile, contents
lost when power is turned off.
Secondary memory provides long term storage of programs and data, Non-volatile
Input/Output devices mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.
Buses transfer data between components within a computer system

Architecture
Von Nuemann Architecture
Developed in 1945

Structure weve been referring to

Separate units for input and output


Data is stored in a separate memory location

Von Neumann Cycle

Fetch
- The address of the next instruction is read from the instruction counter.
The next instruction is read from this memory address to instruction
register
Decode
- The instruction is translated to a format that is

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