?

¨úZdÆô v¬©•õ Zf }Ø∏õ }£¡ö¬æç ¨úZ¬•≈õ Õã£¿é £ûÚ /6

‰``ò ‚``¿ò d£``¡¿≤≈à ‚``ùZ¬``™≈õ ,dg£``±≈õ v¬``©•õ Zf }Ø``∏õ }£``¡ö¬``æç ,Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``ò ¨``ûZ ‰``•πô £``øé :‚``ù¬``Ö ¨``û¬``ûd
/‚≈¿ò Õ§©è o¬ê¬õ „ûZ }zf ÕçZ „ºøõ ÆôZ

[≠`â :dfZd fZÆ`ñ ÷`™≤õ }£`•çZf fl`û fd ,‰``•ïÆ``ô ·``ºé x¬``¿òZ ‚``ù ‰``ò ‰``ú¬``ΩúZ¨``Ö Ø``∏õ dÆ``òf£``ò :Á``Üf¬``õ£``¿≤ûÆ``ò
gZ }f£``≈±Ö ‰``ò }f¬``ë ,‰``•éZd Á``Ö¬``ã dÆ``ºæøì ,‰``•±úZ¬``•≈õ ‰``ò Á``û£``®úÚ £``Ü ‰``èÆ``ì „``ûZ fd /’``úZd z [f£``®Ü ,\ZÆ``ë£``ã
J
/¨¿•±ù ÁêZf Îõ£ò xÚ dƺæøì gZ £¡ú£±úZ
/¨¿ç£¿≤≈øú Zf }Æ•¡Ö dÆòf£ò £¡úÚ ,‰•§öZ :‚ù¬Ö
fZÆ``ñ Æ``ôZ /¨``ú¬``≤≈õ ·``¢£``ñ ,yd¬``Ö xÚ f¬``ã fd ‰``ò ‰``´úÚ gZ Æ``ÜZÆ``ï Á``•≈øùZ ’``úZd }ZÆ``Ö £``¡úÚ ,xÚ Æ``Ö ‰``ï£``êZ z '
›``≈∫©Ü Õ``øç z y£``Ωú ¨```≈¿º≈õ Æ``ºï ,‚``ûÆ``§Ö ’```≈à d¬``ã Á``ô¨``úg fd „```ûd£``≈¿Ö ˘¬``©Ü }£``•çZf fd Zf d¬``ã Œ``©Ö ¨``é£```Ö
dfZd x£``ûÆ``â Á``ùZf x£``øù fd @‘``ºûZA Á``ô¨``úg ¨``≈¿ò lÆ``ï ?‚``≈úZdÆ``ô Ø``òÆ``ø•õ Õ``±û£``§≈õ }Z ‰``•ºú ‰``å }zf Zf x£``õd¬``ã
„``ûd£``≈¿Ö Æ``≈≈∏Ü :Õ``çzÆ``Özf vZ¬``ç „``ûZ £``Ö d¬``ã fd zZ v£``ä z ;Õ``çZ ydZd fZÆ``ñ yd£``π•çZ df¬``õ }d£``ø•õ }£``¡úÆ``ñ x£``±úZ ‰``ò
gZ £``û ,Õ``çZ x£``±úZ Á``∑≈§ë Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ gZ Á``≤™Ö ,Á``ú¬``¿ò yd£``π•çZ df¬``õ jzf £``ûÚ ?¨``é£``Ö ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Á``õ¬``¡πõ ‰``å ‰``Ö
J
_f£``ã Î``øì ‰``ò Á``•ö£``ä ,¨``é£``Ö ›``≤ì gZ Á``é£``ú Á``ç£``±äZ d¬``ã ¨``û£``é £``û z ;‰``•ïÆ``ô \∆``≤ú Æ``Ωûd }£``¡ú£``±úZ £``Ö̀ ’``Ü£``§ç£``¿õ
?¨```û¬```≤≈õ wf¬```∂¿õ ‰```â¬```•õ ?‚```≈¿ò ozÆ```é Õ```±û£```§≈õ £```®ò gZ £```õ ?dfZd fZÆ```ñ £```¡ú£```±úZ ‰```•±úZd z ‰```•ã£```¿é }£```≈úd gZ
„``ûZ £``õZ ,wZ ydÆ``ò Æ``≈≈∏Ü ‚``¿ò Æ``ºï „``õ Õ``çZ „``ºøõ ,¨``ûÛ``≈õ d¬``â¬``Ö ˘¬``©Ü ,„``õ Ø``∏õ z „``ùe fd ,„``õ xzfd ‰``º≈ú£``õg
/¨é£§≈õ Á©µç v¬©Ü flû £¡¿Ü z £¡¿Ü ‰ºæÖ ,„ûd£≈¿Ö v¬©Ü flû ‰ú
‚``•±≈ç Á``Ωú¬``Ωå ,zZ „``ùe ‰``èÆ``ì fd ‰``å x£``±úZ Á``ú¬``¿ò Õ``≈∑êz ‰``ò Õ``çZ ·``ºé „``û¨``Ö o¬``ê¬``õ /‰``æÖ :‚``ù¬``Ö
Õ``ö£``ä z ·``ºé ,„``ûÆ```û£``ç £``Ö ’``Ü£```§ç£``¿õ gZ Æ``á£``•õ ,Ø```≈ú zZ ‚``±â f£``•ã£``ç £```Ö ‰``µÖZf fd Á``•ä z zZ Á```±ä z Á``§≥ì
/ÕçZ ‰•ïÆô d¬™Ö Áè£ã
„``ûZ fd z /y¨``é ydZd fZÆ``ñ Á``¿≈∑õ }£``•çZf fl``û fd x£``øÜ£``òÆ``ä Á``õ£``øÜ ,Õ``çZ „``≈øù wf¬``∂¿õ /Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ë '
‚``éÎ``Ü v£``äÆ``¡Ö ;‚``úZdÆ``ô ‡``¿ù£``øù xÚ £``Ö Zf wd¬``ã ‰``º¿ûZ £``û yd¬``øú dfZz Zf Á``¿≈∑õ \ZÆ``≈≈∏Ü ‚``úZ¬``•≈õ £``¡¿Ü ,Á``ô¨``úg y¬``≈é
J
‰æÀ±õ £Ö Zf d¬ã Á±ò ÆôZ £õZ /·≈§ñ „ûZ gZ z yd¬Ö ÆÜ iÎò £Ö z ÆÜ yØ¿õ }f¨ñ ζõ ‰ò d¬Ö ¨`ùZ¬`ã }Z ‰ú̀¬`ΩÖ
£``õ ‰``ò wfZ≠``Ωú ‰``•πô£``ú ?d¬``øú g£``îÚ ¨``û£``Ö £``®ò gZ :‰``ò d¬``é zÆ`Ö̀zf ˘Z¬``ç „``≈¿å £`Ö̀ ¨``û£``§≈õ ,¨``û£``øú Æ``≈ôfd „``ûd£``≈¿Ö Æ``≈≈∏Ü
}£``¡§≈ÜÆ``Ü z ‚``∂ú gZ }f£``≈±Ö z £``õ Á``ô¨``úg ÿ``≈©õ ,‰``∑õ£``â ,£``õ d£``∫•ìZ ‰``Ö ,‰``ò ‚``ûd¬``øú yf£``éZ Ø``≈ú ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö gzÆ``ûd
z ‚``ò Á``ÜZÆ``≈≈∏Ü „``≈¿å ‰``ò wfZd Zf i£``±äZ „``ûZ £``õZ ;¨``¿ùd Æ``≈≈∏Ü Zf £``õ ¨``¿úZ¬``•≈õ ,£``ù }h¬``ö¬``¢¨``ûZ z Ã``ùZ≠``õ gZ Æ``á£``•õ
/¨úfZd fZÆñ ‚ù ‰Ö ‰≈§é }£ù£•çZf fd ’≈Ö
Á``ú¬``¿ò Õ``≈∑êz ‰``ò Õ``çZ Á``ézf x£``øù i£``çZ Æ```Ö ı∫≈ñd x£``≤û£``¡éÎ``Ü z Õ``òÆ``ä }£``¿§õ ‰``º≈ú£```õg £``Ü :‚``ù¬``Ö
xzfd ygzÆ``õZ /d¬``é Á``øú „``ûd£``≈¿Ö Æ``≈≈∏Ü ”``≈ù g£``ç ‰``¿≈õg Á``¢£``¡ézf „``≈¿´¿ûZ ı∑§ë ,ydg ‚``ñf Zf £``õ Á``äzf z Á``ø±â
d¬`ã Á`ì£`ø•âZ }£`ù ‰`èÆ`ì Á`õ£`øÜ fd ‰`ºæÖ ,x£`±úZ ‚`±â z Ø`∏õ fd £`¡¿Ü ‰`ú ‰`ò dfZd ‰`Öe£`â }f£`•ã£`ç Á`ú£`±úZ ‰`∑õ£`â
/ÕçZ ydZd }£â Zf
fd }Ø``≈å ‰``å z ?¨``ùd w£``®úZ @‘``ºûZA Õ``±û£``§≈õ }f£``ò ‰``å ?‚``¿ºÖ ¨``û£``Ö f£``ºå „``õ £``õZ /Õ``çZ Õ``çfd ,‰``æÖ '
?¨¿ò Æ≈≈∏Ü Õ±û£§≈õ £®¿ûZ
x£``•öZ¬``ç £``ûÚ ?Õ``±≈å ,"?¨``¿ò Æ``≈≈∏Ü £``®¿ûZ fd Õ``±û£``§≈õ }Ø``≈å ‰``å ":‰``æøâ „``ûZ gZ £``øé f¬``∂¿õ ı∫≈ñd :‚``ù¬``Ö
?dfZd yf£éZ ,d¬é ydZd Æ≈≈∏Ü Õ±û£§≈õ ‰ò ‰´úÚ ‰Ö
ydZd Æ``≈≈∏Ü Õ``±û£``§≈õ }Ø```≈å ‰``å z Õ``çZ aÆ``µõ £```®¿ûZ fd }Æ``≈≈∏Ü ‰``å ;Õ``ç£```¡úÚ ‰``øù ‰``Ö wZ yf£``éZ ,‰```æÖ '
Á`ãÆ`Ö ¨`úZ¬`•≈õ d¬`ã }dÆ`ï jzf ‰`Ö ‰`â¬`Ü £`Ö zZ ‰`ò ¨`¿≈§≈õ @‘`ºûZA ?Õ`ç£`®ò fd v¬`©Ü gzÆ`Ö ‰`èÆ`ì ,Æ`õÍZÆ`ãÚ ?d¬``é
f£``ºå ¨``û£`Ö̀ ,¨``é£`Ö̀ ‰``•éZd ·``û£``øÜ £``¡¿ûZ gZ Æ``•≤≈Ö ˙``≈ã Á``ÜZÆ``≈≈∏Ü ‰``Ö zZ Æ``ôZ £``õZ ,¨``¿ò dfZz jd¬``ã Á``ô¨``úg fd \ZÆ``≈≈∏Ü
J
}ZÆ``Ö ZÆ``¿ûZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``øé /Õ``çZ ‰``•ïÆ``ô ·``ºé x£``±úZ „``ùe fd £``ùf£``Ö vZ¬``ç „``ûZ ‰``ò ‚``•±ù „``Àøµõ Î``õ£``ò „``õ ?¨``¿ò
J
„`ûZÆÖ̀£`¿Ö /Õ`çZ y¨`õ£`≈ú d¬`â¬Ö̀ }Æ`≈≈∏Ü ”`≈ù ‰`ò Õ`πô xZ¬`•≈õ f£`ºéÚ z —`êZz Î`õ£`ò f¬`µÖ £`õZ /¨`≈é£Ö̀ ydÆ`ò aÆ`ë d¬`ã
Á``ÖÎ``∫úZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ ‰``µÖZf „``ûZ fd ‰``ò Õ``çZ f£``≈é¬``ù o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ ‰``Ö Õ``§±ú zZ ?¨``ùd w£``®úZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ f£``ºå @‘``ºûZA
zZ ‰``ò Á``ÜZÆ``≈≈∏Ü Á``õ£``øÜ fd ‰``•éZd ‰``â¬``Ü ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö zZ ;x£``±úZ xZzf z azf fd Á``ÖÎ``∫úZ ,¨``ùd }zf ›``≈øì z „``ûd£``≈¿Ö
„``ûZ fd zZ f¨``∫åÆ``ù z ;Õ``çZ ydÆ``º≈õ ·``øì Ø``≈ú „``ûZ gZ ’``≈à ‰``ò ‰``•éZd dÆ``ºæøì }¨``úzf x£``øù x£``ò£``øò ,y¨``úZf≠``ô Æ``ç gZ
/·``≈§ñ „``ûZ gZ z yd¬``Ö Õ``Ö£``á Á``•≈∑êz z ¨``úzf d¬``øú ’``Ü£``∫≈∫©Ü ,ydZd fZÆ``ñ Á``çfÆ``Ö z j£``º¿ò df¬``õ Zf d¬``ã £``ù£``•çZf
?ÕçZ ⁄ñZz £®ò fd Æ≈≈∏Ü o¬ê¬õ z ‰èÆì ,¨Ö£≈Ö d¬ã Ø∏õ Æ≈≈∏Ü }ZÆÖ Áézf ¨ùZ¬™≈õ ‰ò @‘ºûZA }ZÆÖ
?¨¿º≈õ Æ≈≈∏Ü f¬µå Ø∏õ ‚ûÆ≈ΩÖ Æ∂ú fd ¨û£Ö Z¨•ÖZ £õZ :‚ù¬Ö
fl``û £``¡¿Ü v£``ç xZfZØ``ù Á``ë fd ‰``ò ydZd ·``ºé Zf d¬``ã }Z ‰``ú¬``ΩÖ Ø``∏õ /Õ``ç£``•çZf „``≈øù fd Œ``©Ö o¬``ê¬``õ '
‰``ò Õ``ïf ¨``ùZ¬``™ú ’``≈à £``•çZf „``ûZ fd ‰``æÀ±õ „``ûZ gZ ’``≈Ö ‰``ò ‚``¿º≈õ Æ``ºï „``õ /Õ``çZ yd¬``øú v£``§úd Zf Á``¿≈∑õ “``ç£``à
J J
Æ``≈≈∏Ü Õ``±û£``§≈õ „``õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ Õ``çZ „``ézf z —``êZz Î``õ£``ò ‰``ò ‰``´úÚ /¨``¿ò Æ``≈≈∏Ü ¨``û£``Ö }Ø``≈å ‰``å ‚``≈úZ¨``Ö Î``¶õ
/‚¿ò
x£``ò£``øò £``õZ ;¨``ùd }zf Õ``±û£``§≈õ }Æ``≈≈∏Ü £``®¿ûZ fd ‰``º¿ûZ ,‚``≈•±ù Æ``∂ú ‚``ù ‰``•ºú „``ûZ }zf „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö :‚``ù¬``Ö
?¨¿ò Æ≈≈∏Ü ¨úZ¬•≈õ ‰ú¬Ωå Ø∏õ ‰ò ÕçZ „ûZ vZ¬ç
Á`øæì }Z ‰`èÆ`ì fd ‰`ò }dÆ`ïÆ`ù £`û z ,¨`¿ø≤úZd fl`û xZ¬`¿∑Ö £`øé Æ`ôZ /‚`≈çÆ`Ö ‰`•ºú „`ûZ ‰``Ö Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ '
?ÕéZd ¨ùZ¬ã xÚ }ZÆÖ ÁÖZ¬â ‰å ,d¬é zÆÖzf ˘Z¬ç „≈¿å £Ö ,ÕçZ v£∑ï
f¬``µÖ Á``û£``ù£``•çZf „``≈¿å fd ‚``æì x¬``å ,¨``é£`Ö̀ “``ç£``à ·``Ö£``ñ ‚``æì ÿ``ç¬``Ü ‰``æÀ±õ „``ûZ ‰``ò ‚``•±≈ú ¨``∫•∑õ „``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
„``ûZ fd }d£``ûg \ÍZ¬``ç /ddÆ``ô dfZz Ø``∏õ f£``•ã£``ç fd ›``≈øì f¬``µÖ Õ``±úZ¬``Ü ¨``ùZ¬``™ú y£``Ω´≈ù ‚``æì /dzf Á``øú ’``≈à ›``≈øì
J
xZ¬``•≈øú ‚``æì ÿ``ç¬``Ü ‰``ò Á``ÜÍZ¬``ç ıè¬``≥ã ,dfZd d¬``âz „``ùe z Ø``∏õ „``≈Ö }Z ‰``µÖZf ‰``å :Î``¶õ ‰``ò yd¬``Ö aÆ``µõ £``•çZf
///dfZ¨ú dƺæøì }Ø≈å ”≈ù Ø∏õ }d£õ Õûd¬â¬õ }ZÆï ¨ú¨∫•∑õ £ù ÁãÆÖ /dZd “ç£à xZ¨Ö
J
/Õ±≈å x£Üf¬∂¿õ ‰ò ‚ø¡π≈õ Îõ£ò ;·≈èZ ‚±≈ö£ûÆÜ£õ /// '
¨``¿ùZ¬``™ú ‰``¿≈õg „``ûZ fd }d£``ûg qÆ``ä xZ¨``¿ø≤úZd ,dÆ``≈Ωú fZÆ``ñ Œ``©Ö df¬``õ }d£``õ ‰``§¿â gZ o¬``ê¬``õ Æ``ôZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
}£``¡•≈∫ï¬``õ xZ¬``¿∑Ö ‰``ò £``¡úÚ }£``ùdfzÛ``•çd ‰``øù £``õZ ,¨``¿û£``øú jÎ``Ü ‰``¿≈õg „``ûZ fd dZÆ``ïZ gZ Á``ãÆ``Ö Õ``çZ „``ºøõ /Õ``éZd
Ø∏õ \£≈ä }d£õ }£•çZf fd Õ≈ö£∑ï gZ Á•≈∑êz d¬øú ,y¨é ‰•ïÆô f£ºÖ fl≈Ü£ø•±≈ç f¬µÖ z y¨`≈çf Õ`§á ‰Ö̀ Á`øæì
/ÕçZ y¨ú£õ Áñ£Ö „ézf£ú x£ò£øò ,ÆÜ ydÆ•±ô Áû£ù ‰èÆì ‰Ö dzfz }ZÆÖ ÁéÎÜ Æù /¨é£§≈õ
}Ø`∏õ }£`¡ö¬`æç ,¨`û£`øú Æ`≈≈∏Ü jd¬`ã xzfd fd Õ`±û£`§≈õ £`¡¿Ü zZ ‰`ò ¨`≈û¬`Ω≈õ @‘`ºûZA ‰Ö̀ £`øé „`ûZÆÖ̀£`¿Ö '
/¨``¿º≈õ Zf vZ¬``ç „``ûZ ¨``é£``Ö Á``±òÆ``ù ?‰``ú¬``Ωå ,‰``ò dÆ``ò ‚``ùZ¬``ã vZ¬``ç ı∑ûÆ``ç „``õ /·``≈§ñ „``ûZ gZ z ¨``ùd Æ``≈≈∏Ü Zf jd¬``ã
‰``•éZd ‚``ûZÆ``Ö Á``ÖZ¬``â £``û z Á``ùZf ‰``º¿ûZ xz¨``Ö £``øé „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö /Õ``±≈ú £``ùØ``≈å ·``≈§ñ „``ûZ gZ z fz£``Ö z d£``ø•ìZ o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ
„``õ f£``≈•ãZ fd Zf }Z ‰``æ≈çz ”``≈ù ‚``æì }£``≈úd Á``Üf£``§∑Ö £``û z £``øé ?v¬``§ñ ' ¨``≈¿º≈õ £``ùf wd¬``ã v£``ä ‰``Ö ZÆ``õ ,¨``≈é£``Ö
/wdÆô ⁄ú£ñ ‰¿≈õg „ûZ fd „õ £Ü ¨ûfZ≠Ω≈øú
/dfZd dƺæøì z ‰•éZd d¬âz ¬`Ü Ø`∏õ z ¬`Ü }ZÆ`ï ‰`ò dfZd fZÆ`ñ }Ø`≈å £`®¿ûZ fd d¬`é ‰`•πô ‰`º¿ûZ Ø`â :‚`ù¬Ö̀
dÆ``ºæøì gZ Æ``ÜZÆ``ï v£``ºéZ gZ ˙``ºé ‰``Ö ‰``ò dfZd fZÆ``ñ Á``•ã£``¿é x£``øù }£``•çZf fd ‰``æÀ±õ „``ûZ \£``§áZ /‚``≈úZ¨``≈øú ZÆ``¿ûZ £``õ
/¨û£øú Æ≈≈∏Ü ¨úZ¬•≈øú Ø∏õ \f¬≥¿ûZ Æ≈î fd ,¨Ö£≈≈õ Õûd¬â¬õ Ø∏õ
///?Õ㣿ég£Ö ZÆúÚ xZ¬•≈øú ‰ò ¨é£Ö }Z ‰ú¬ΩÖ ¨û£é ?‚Ö£ûfd ZÆúÚ ‚úZ¬•≈õ ‰ú¬Ωå „õ q£èzZ „ûZ £Ö /‰æÖ '
¨``úZ¬``•≈õ ,}d£``õ Æ``≈î Ø``≈å fl``û ‰``ò ¨``≈û¬``Ω≈õ £``øé ?dÆ``≈Ω≈õ ·``ºé Õ``ã£``¿é gZ Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ ‰``ú¬``Ωå £``õZ ///:‚``ù¬``Ö
/dfZd d¬âz }Z ‰•ºú „≈¿å £øé ‰•πô „µÖ fd /dfZ≠ΩÖ Æ≈á£Ü yd£õ }zf
/‚•±≈ú „Àøµõ d£ûg ‰¿≈õg „ûZ fd „õ '
Æ`ôZ /‚`≈û£`øú Æ`Ü „`ézf Á`øò Zf ‰`•ºú „`ûZ £`õ Õ`çZ wgÍ £`øé vZ¬`ç xdÆ`ò Æ`•∫≈ñd }ZÆ`Ö ‚`¿º≈õ Æ`ºï „`õ :‚`ù¬``Ö
/¨ú£õ ¨ùZ¬ã Áñ£Ö „ézf£ú z ‚¡§õ x£ò£øò ‰•ºú „ûZ ,¨≈¿ºú Zf f£º¿ûZ £øé
fd ˘¬``©Ü xÚ x£``∏õfZ ,dÆ``≈ô ·``ºé Õ``ã£``¿é Æ``ôZ ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ ,¨``ûZ ‰``•πô „``õ ‰``Ö £``øé ‰``ò Zf ‰``´úÚ ‰``øù '
‰``•±úZd £``û z \£``ìÎ``ëZ }fzÚ ⁄``øâ ‰``®≈•ú ‰``ò }Ø``≈å ,¨``≈¿º≈õ —``ûÆ``≤Ü Zf Õ``ã£``¿é ‚``ûZÆ``Ö £``øé v£``ä /d¬``Ö ¨``ùZ¬``ã Ø``∏õ
Zf Õ``ã£``¿é xZ¬``•Ö ¨``û£``é /¨``é£``Ö y¨``ú£``õ Á``ñ£``Ö „``ùe fd xÚ gZ }Z yÆ``ë£``ã z d£``û ,x£``õg Õ``é≠``ô Á``à fd ‰``º¿ûZ £``û z Õ``±≈ú
/Õ±úZd Ø∏õ Á∫≈∫ä Õ≈ö£∑ï x£øù
gZ }Z y∞``ûz tfd £``Ö ,dfZd }f£``≈±Ö }£``ù ‰``æ∏≤õ Ø``∏õ /‚``≈û¬``ΩÖ Æ``Ωûd }Z ‰``ú¬``ΩÖ ZÆ``¿ûZ ¨``≈û£``≈Ö /‚``∫ïZ¬``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
Á``úzfd }£``ù ‰``æ∏≤õ Á``ãÆ``Ö ‚``ù g£``Ö £``¡úÚ ‰``øù }ZÆ``ï £``õZ /¨``ûZ yd¬``øú x£``≈Ö £``øé ‰``ò Á``û£``ùØ``≈å „``ûZ ‰``øù z ,£``ù yÆ``ë£``ã
/d¬≤≈õ ‰•ã£¿é Ø∏õ Õ≈ö£∑ï xZ¬¿∑Ö x£ò£øò Ø≈ú Õã£¿é ‰ø¡¿ûZ £Ö ,dfZd d¬âz
z ’``úZd Õ``é£``§úZ gZ Á```é£``ú Õ``ã£``¿é ‰```ò ‚``ûgfz ¨``≈ò£``Ü ‰```•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö ÷``™ ≤õ f¬``µÖ Õ``±û£``§≈õ £```õ /‰``æÖ '
/ddÆΩ≈øú fZ¨û¨à ·û£øÜ z ‰•çZ¬ã ›§ë z ÆáZ ÆÖ Õ㣿é ;Õ±≈ú \£ìÎëZ
‰``∂©ö fl``û fd Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``ò ¨``¿û£``øú tfd ZÆ``¿ûZ ¨``¿úZ¬``•≈õ ˙``ò f¬``µÖ wdÆ``õ ‚``¿º≈õ Æ``ºï „``õ /Õ``çZ v¬``§ñ :‚``ù¬``Ö
}Z yfe Á``•ä ‰``ò Á``û£``¡úÚ /ddÆ``Ω≈øú fZ¨``û¨``à ·``û£``øÜ z ‰``•çZ¬``ã fl``û £``Ö ‰``º¿ûZ z ,¨``û£``≈õ d¬``â¬``Ö ‰``ñ Æ``â fl``û ¨``¿ú£``øù z
J
Î``ø•©õ „``≈¿´øù /¨``¿û£``øú tfd ¨``¿úZ¬``•≈õ Á``•äZÆ``Ö Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ,¨``¿é£``Ö yd¬``Ö Æ``≈ôfd d¬``ã £``Ö ‰``æÀ±õ „``ûZ ‰``Ö Õ``§±ú
/¨û£øú £πûZ ‰¿≈õg „ûZ fd Á≤∫ú ¨úZ¬•≈øú Ø≈ú Áû£≈ø≈é dZ¬õ Á•ä ‰ò ÕçZ f¬µ¿ûZ
¨``¿ùZ¬``ã ‰``â¬``•õ Zf „``ûZ ,¨``¿•±ù Æ``≈ôfd ‰``¿≈õg „``ûZ fd ‰``ò Á``û£``¡úÚ ,dZÆ``ïZ gZ }f£``≈±Ö ‰``ò ‚``¿º≈õ Æ``ºï „``õ '
Õ``§©è Á``∫µ¿õ vZzf ‰``â¬``•õ „``õ ?Õ``ï£``û ‚``ùZ¬``ã Õ``çd Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``Ö @‘``ºûZA xZ¬``¿∑Ö „``õ £``ûÚ ,q£``èzZ „``ûZ £``Ö £``õZ /¨``é
/¨≈¿º≈õ x£≈Ö Zf \£ì¬ê¬õ „ûZ }Z ‰µÖZf ‰å fd £øé ‰ò ‚ø¡π≈õ „õ ,w¬≤≈õ £øé
o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ /¨``û£``øú Á``øôfdÆ``ç f£``åd Á``¿≈∑õ }£``•çZf fd Zf dZÆ``ïZ gZ Á``ãÆ``Ö ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``•§öZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
„``ûZ £``ûÚ /d¬``≤≈õ fZ¨``û¨``à Ø``∏õ fd Æ``≈≈∏Ü „``ûZ ‰``ú¬``Ωå ,ddÆ``Ω≈õ Á``é£``ú £``®ò gZ Á``∫µ¿õ vZzf „``≈¿å ‰``ò Õ``±≈ú ÷``™≤õ
gZ Á``ºû „``ûZ ?dfZd }£``â Ø```∏õ }£``ù ‰``ûÍ „``û Æ``Ü ›``≈øì fd ,Ø``≈å „```ûZ ‰``º¿ûZ £``û ,Õ``çZ Ø``∏õ gZ Æ``ÜZÆ``ï z ’```≈Ö }Ø``≈å
/dÆ≈Ω≈õ ·ºé „ùe fd ı∑ûÆç ‰ò ÕçZ ÁÜÍZ¬ç
/ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë '
/Õ±≈ú —êZz z „ézf d£ûg o¬ê¬õ „ûZ ›µ¿õ y£Ωú gZ :‚ù¬Ö
”``≈ù d¬``øú ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Z ‰``ú¬``ΩÖ Ø``∏õ dÆ``ºæøì ‰``ò dÆ``ò x£``≈Ö xZ¬``•Ö ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ Zf x£``Üf¬``∂¿õ ¨``û£``é :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
?Õ±≈ú jZ Áú£•©Ü }£ù ‰ûÍ }Z¬•©õ z zZ „≈Ö }Z ‰µÖZf
/¨¿º≈õ f£ò d¬ã fd y¨é ‰∂ï£ä }Z¬•©õ z ‰•é≠ô £Ö £¡¿Ü Ø∏õ ,‰æÖ '
}Z¬``•©õ gZ ·``∫•±õ ‰``ò ¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd Á``çÆ``•çd }dÆ``ºæøì ‰``Ö ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Ø``∏õ £``ûÚ /Õ``çZ Á``§ö£``â vZ¬``ç „``ûZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
‰`µÖZf ıïÆ`è ‰`ºæÖ ,ddÆ`Ωø≈ú Á`ëÆ`é Ø`∏õ ‰Ö̀ y¨`é ydZd }Z¬`•©õ Æ`≈á£`Ü Õ`©Ü ‰`ò }dÆ`ºæøì ?¨`é£`Ö jZ y¨`é ‰`•ïÆ`ô ·`ºé
?dfZd Ø∏õ £Ö ÁºûØ≈ï }Z
‰``Ö Á``µÖf ‰``ò dfZd Á``çÆ``•çd Á``•≈ö£``∑ï ‰``Ö Ø``∏õ :¨``é£``Ö ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ vZ¬``ç x¬``ø¥õ £``ûÚ /‚``ø¡π≈õ ZÆ``¿ûZ '
J
?¨é£§≈õ xÚ }Z¬•©õ z f¬∑é gZ ZØ®õ Îõ£ò ‰º¿ûZ z ,‰•éZ¨ú f¬∑é
/Z¬•©õ £Ö ‰µÖZf xz¨Ö ‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
/ÕçZ f¬∑é x£øù Z¬•©õ '
‰``•ºú „``ûZ Á``ù£``ô /‚``≈ù¨``≈õ fZÆ``ñ yd£``π•çZ df¬``õ Ø``≈ú }Æ``Ωûd w¬``¡πõ fd Zf ‰``øæò „``ûZ £``õ Á``ù£``ô £``õZ ,‰``æÖ :‚``ù¬``Ö
„``≈¿å /¨``é£``Ö v£``∑ï ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ f¬``∑é gZ }Æ``Ωûd o¬``ú Á``ç£``çZ f¬``µÖ £``®¿ûZ fd f£``ΩúZ ‰``ò ‚``≈¿º≈õ tfd }Z ‰``ú¬``ΩÖ £``õ Zf
/dÆ≈Ω≈õ fZÆñ }Æ•≤≈Ö ÁΩ¿ù£øù fd @Z¬•©õA ‰øæò £Ö }Æ≈§∑Ü
/dfZ¨ú fZÆñ Z¬•©õ Æ≈á£Ü Õ©Ü ‰ò Õ±ù Ø∏õ gZ ’™Ö flû /v¬§ñ '
¨ú̀Z¬`•≈õ Ø`∏õ /¨`é£Ö̀ fZ≠`ô Æ`≈á£`Ü }Ø`∏õ }£`¡ö¬`æç Æ`≈≈∏Ü fd ¨ú̀Z¬`•≈õ ‰`ò Õ`çZ Áú̀£`ºõZ x£`øù „`ûZ z ,‰`æÖ :‚`ù¬`Ö
/dfZd ‰Ωú fzd xd¬Ö ÁëÆé gZ Zf jd¬ã v£äÆ¡Ö ‰º¿ûZ £û z ,¨ûÚfd Z¬•©õ vÆ•¿ò Õ©Ü ·õ£ò f¬µÖ £û
/ÕçZ Áò£úƵã f£≈±Ö ‰ûÆ∂ú „ûZ '
/¨≈û¬Ω≈õ £øé ‰ò ÕçZ }Ø≈å x£øù ı∫≈ñd „ûZ £õZ :‚ù¬Ö
‰``•ºú „``ûZ ¨``≈¿≈§≈õ £``ûÚ ?Õ``çZ t£``úÆ``µã ZÆ``å ‰``ûÆ``∂ú „``ûZ ‰``ò ¨``≈úZ¨``≈õ £``ûÚ /Õ``±≈ú ‰``§¿â „``ûZ wf¬``∂¿õ ,‰``ú '
Æ``≈á£``Ü gZ ‰``ò ¨``û£``øú aÆ``ë Ø``∏õ fd Zf Á``≤™Ö d¬``âz £``Ü d¬``é ydZd ‰``≤û¨``úZ ‰``Ö }Z yg£``âZ „``≈¿å ‰``ò Õ``çZ t£``úÆ``µã f¨``∫å
///¨ú£õ Áõ fzd Ø∏õ }Z¬•©õ }Æû≠à
/// ‰ò dfZd }dƺæøì z /// :‚ù¬Ö
?dfZ¨ú fZÆñ Z¬•©õ Æ≈á£Ü Õ©Ü ‰ò d¬é Õ§©è Ø∏õ fd Á•≈ö£∑ï gZ /// '
xZ¨``≈õ y£``Ω´≈ù Õ``≈ö£``∑ï o¬``ú „``ûZ ‰``ò d¬``é ‰``•πô Õ``çZ Æ``•¡Ö ¨``û£``é /dfZd ˘£``ø•äZ ‰``§¿â Õ``≈ö£``∑ï „``ûZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/ÕçZ ydƺú Z¨≈à ·øì
/dfZd Õ∫≈∫ä „ûZ ‰æÖ /y¨≤ú fZ¨≈Ö g¬¿ù Õø±ñ xÚ ‰ò Õπô f¬µ¿ûZ xZ¬•≈õ '
?Õ磮ò fd o¬ê¬õ „ûZ Ƶã [¬ã :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
f¬``µÖ f£``ΩúZ ‚``û£``øú Õ``éZdÆ``Ö }Z ‰``ú¬``ΩÖ „``õ ‰``ò Õ``ç£``®¿ûZ fd Æ``µã /Õ``çZ yd£``ç f£``≈±Ö ‰``•ºú „``ûZ —``≈ê¬``Ü '
,dfZd dÆ``ºæøì zZ xzfd fd x£``±úZ d¬```ã Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ gZ Æ```ÜZÆ``ï }Ø``≈å ‰``º¿ûZ z ,ydZd }£``â „``õ fd Zf d¬``ã Z¨``ã v£``¶õ
Á``•ä £``û z ,¨``¿ò f£``ò Z¬``•©õ „``ûZ }zf Õ``çZ fd£``ñ ‰``ò ¨``é£``§≈õ Ø``∏õ fd y¨``é ‰``•ïÆ``ô ·``ºé }Z¬``•©õ }ZÆ``ï ‰``ò }Ø``≈å
/dfZd dƺæøì Z¬•©õ „ûZ Õûd¬â¬õ ‚îÆ≈æì
?¨¿º≈õ yf£éZ Æ∂ã „ûZ ‰Ö Ø∏õ gZ ’™Ö wZ¨ò £õZ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
„``ûZ ı•∑≈§ë ?¨``¿≈§≈õ Zf Æ``µã „``ûZ Ø``∏õ gZ ’``™Ö wZ¨``ò ,Õ``çZ „``ûZ £``øé vZ¬``ç /‚``ûzÆ``Ö ’``≈à Æ``•õZfÚ ˙``≈ã '
/¨¿º≈õ Ƶã i£±äZ ‰ò ÕçZ¬•©õ
?ı∑ñZz :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/dfZd Áû£¿éÚ ,dƧ≈õ f£ºÖ ’û£¡•≈ö£∑ï fd d¬ã ‰ò Áû£ù¨¿ïÆÜ Áõ£øÜ ‰Ö Z¬•©õ x¬å ,‰•§öZ ,yzZ '
/dfZd Õù£§é zZ ‰•é≠ô }£ù¨¿ïÆÜ gZ }f£≈±Ö ‰Ö Ø≈ú Áºû „ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
/侅 '
fd Z¨``ã d¬``âz x¬``´øù }Z ‰``≈êÆ``ï ' ‚``≈¿º≈õ Õ``§©è £``¡úÚ yf£``Öfd £``õ ‰``ò Á``û£``ù¨``¿ïÆ``Ü z £``ù ‰``æ≈ä „``ûZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
J
/¨¿º≈õ ¨û¨¡Ü Zf £õ Ƶ㠄ûZ ‰ò ÕçZ —êZz Îõ£ò /£õ xzfd fd Z¨ã gZ }Æû¬≥Ü £û z ,£õ xzfd
„``≈øù ¨``û£``é x¬``å ?¨``û£``øú qZÆ``•ìZ xÚ ‰``Ö ,¨``¿≈§Ö Zf Æ``µã „``ûZ ‰``ò Æ``ôZ ,¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Ø``∏õ £``ûÚ £``õZ :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
/¨é£Ö Õçfd ÁùZf d¬øú d¬ã xd¬Ö ⁄æµõ
x£`øûZÆÖ̀ xd¬Ö̀ ⁄`æµõ „`≈øù ¨`û£`é ;dfZd d¬`âz }Æ`µã „`≈¿å ‰`ø¡¿ûZ £`Ö ,¨`é£`Ö wgÍ ‰`•ºú „`ûZ „`•πô ¨`û£`é :‚`ù¬`Ö
/¨é£Ö Á•çfd yZf [£™•úZ ‰ú£≤ú
z ' ¨``¿º≈õ ¨``≈¢£``Ü ZÆ```úÚ z y¨``é ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰```â¬``•õ ,Õ``çZ¬``•©õ gZ Á```≤™Ö ‰``ò }Ø``≈å ,y£``ôÚd¬``ã£``ú f¬``∑é '
/¨¿≈§≈õ Zf Ƶã ı∑ûÆç „ûZÆÖ£¿Ö
/ddÆΩ≈õ d¬ã m¬∫ç ‰â¬•õ zZ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
¸£``ç }f£``•ïf „``ûZ /¨``¿º≈õ }Æ``≈ô¬``æâ xÚ gZ „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö /ydÆ``ò d£``®ûZ d¬``ã ‰``ò d¬``≤≈õ }Z ‰``ëfz ‰``â¬``•õ zZ '
H
Z¬``•©õ gZ ·``∫•±õ ·``õ£``ò f¬``µ Ö ‰``ò dfZd d¬``âz Á``•≈ö£``∑ï ıç£``çZ £``ûÚ ,Ã``ã /¨``û£``øú Õ``∑ú£``øõ Á``ë ¬``∫ç gZ ‰``º¿ûZ :Õ``çZ
?¨é£Ö Ø∏õ dƺæøì gZ Á≤™Ö d¬ã Á•≈ö£∑ï „≈¿å v£ä „≈ì fd z ?¨é£Ö
?yd£õ flû xZ¬¿∑Ö Ø∏õ gZ Á•≈ö£∑ï ?ÕçZ Ø∏õ Á∑≈§ë dƺæøì d¬øú Õ≈ö£∑ï „ûZ £ûÚ :‚ù¬Ö
?Õ±≈å x£Üf¬∂¿õ '
fd Õ``≈ö£``∑ï „``ûZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ ı∑§ë ,¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ }d£``õ Õ``≈ö£``∑ï „``≈¿å £``®¿ûZ fd Æ``ôZ ,[¬``ã :‚``ù¬``Ö
/ddÆô Ø∏õ fd Æ≈≈∏Ü ·õ£ì x£±¿û¨Ö z ‰•ï£û ÁúzÆ≈Ö d¬øú Áµ¢ZÆé fd £û z }Z yfzd
?¨é£§≈õ „≈∑õ Æ≥¿ì flû z ,dfZd }d£õ Õö£ä flû Ø≈å „ûZ ‰ò ¨≈û¬ΩÖ ¨≈ùZ¬™≈õ £ûÚ £õZ '
/¨é£Ö d¬â¬õ Æè£¿ì ‹æ•™õ oZ¬úZ ¨úZ¬•≈õ £®¿ûZ fd ¨≈úZ¨≈õ ‰ò f¬µú£øù /‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
/‚¿º≈õ v¬§ñ Zf ‰•ºú „ûZ ,ddÆô „ézf Ãæµõ „ûZ ‰¿ò ‚æû£õ ‰º≈û£®úÚ gZ '
yd£``õ Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ gZ }Æ``•∫≈øì x¬``ø¥õ Ø``∏õ fd Õ``±û£``§≈õ y£``ΩúÚ ,¨``≈≤û¨``ú£``≈Ö ‰``ú¬``Ω¿û¨``Ö £``øé Æ``ôZ £``õZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
d¬``â¬``õ yd£``õ ‰``ò ‚``≈úZ¨``≈õ v£``¶õ xZ¬``¿∑Ö £``õ /ddÆ``Ω≈øú Á``ëÆ``é Á``Ö£``±•òZ Á``ûZ¬``•©õ Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü ‰``ò Á``•ö£``ä ,¨``é£``Ö aÆ``µõ
„≈¿å ÕïÆû≠à xZ¬•≈õ ‰ò Õ磕çZf „≈øù fd /ddÆô ÁëÆé £õ Ø∏õ }Z¬•©õ gZ Áé£ú ¨úZ¬•≈øú ,˙`ò f¬`µÖ ,£`¥ï fd
 /¨é£Ö aƵõ Ø≈ú Ø∏õ fd yd£õ Õûd¬â¬õ gZ }Z y∞ûz Õö£ä
Æ``ù £``û z @Æ``à¬``çA ,‚``≈é£``Ö ydÆ``ò f£``ÖÆ``à Zf yd£``õ „``ûZ ‰``å ,‰``ò Õ``ï£``ûfd Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ xZ¬``•≈õ o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ gZ '
x£``øù ¨``ú£``ø≈õ Á``ñ£``Ö x£``ò£``øò ‰``´úÚ v£``äÆ``¡Ö z ;d¬``Ö ¨``ùZ¬``ã yd£``õ x£``øù x£``ò£``øò £``¡¿ûZ ‰``øù £``Ö ,‰``µÖZf „``ûZ fd }Æ``Ωûd f£``ò
/ÕçZ }d£õ d¬øú
¨``≈û¬``ΩÖ f¬``µ¿ûZ ¨``≈ùZ¬``™≈õ £``ûÚ /‚``ûzÆ``Ö ’``≈à wZfÚ f£``≈±Ö Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ ,¨``≈úZ¨``≈õ ?¨``≈û¬``Ω≈õ f¬``µ¿ûZ ZÆ``å :‚``ù¬``Ö
?ÕçZ¬•©õ x£øù yd£õ ‰ò
/侅 '
z „``ézf Õ``±û£``§≈õ „``ò£``ç ‰``Ö Z¨``•ÖZ £``õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Ø``≈å „``ûZ [¬``ã ?Æ``Ωû¨``ºû £``Ö ¨``ú¬``≈à fd z ·``≥•õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/Õ±≈ú ‘˚ ·Ö£ñ x£¿´úÚ o¬ê¬õ x¬å ,‚≈û£øú ›≈ñd
[¬``åf£``å fd ZÆ``úÚ ‚``≈¿ò Á``∑ç ‚``ù fl``øò £``Ö v£``äÆ``¡Ö /‚``ûÆ``§Ö ’```≈à £``•çZf „``≈øù fd Zf x£```ø•§©è ¨``≈û£``≈Ö '
/ÕçZ }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû x¨≈≤û¨úZ /‚≈ùd fZÆñ x£õd¬ã tZfdZ Õ≈æÖ£ñ
/¨``é£``§≈õ }d£``õ ¨``úzf fl``û gZ Á``≤™Ö ‰``ûzZg „``ûZ gZ z ,Õ``çZ¬``•©õ x£``øù gZ Á``≤™Ö x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ ,[¬``ã :‚``ù¬``Ö
J
‰``ò ¨``≈û¬``ΩÖ ¨``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``øé /Õ``±≈ú „``ézf x£``¿´úÚ ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ,dfZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ yd£``õ xZ¬``¿∑Ö Î``∫•±õ d¬``ã ‰``≤û¨``úZ ‰``º¿ûZ
‰``Ö ‚``¢£``ñ z ·``∫•±õ Á``•ûd¬``â¬``õ [Ú „``ûZ ,¨``ûØ``ûÆ``Ö }Æ``Ωûd xZ¬``≈ö fd Zf xZ¬``≈ö fl``û [Ú ¨``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``øé ;Õ``çZ yd£``õ [Ú
‰`º¿ûZ Æ`Ωõ ,dfZd Õ`ûd¬`â¬`õ d¬`ã }d¬`™Ö yd£`õ fl`û xZ¬`¿∑Ö x¨`≈≤û¨ú̀Z ‰`ò Õ`±≈ú „`ézf ‰`•ºú „`ûZ £`õZ /dfZd d¬`ã \Ze
‰``•ºú „``ûZ £``ûÚ /¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd Á``≤∫ú ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ xÚ „``µÖ fd ‰``≤û¨``úZ ‰``ò ¨``é£``Ö Ø``∏õ x¬``´øù }d£``õ Á``•ûd¬``â¬``õ £``Ö ¨``ú¬``≈à fd
?ÕçZ „ézf
/w¬é ‰â¬•õ Zf £øé f¬∂¿õ ·õ£ò f¬µÖ ‚úZ¬•≈øú „õ '
‰``ò ¨``≈û¬``Ω≈õ £``øé Æ``ôZ £``õZ /Õ``çZ ÷``™≤õ z „``ézf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ,Õ``çZ yd£``õ [Ú ‰``ò ¨``≈û¬``Ω≈õ £``øé Æ``ôZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
Z¬``ù ‰``ò ¨``≈û¬``Ω≈õ £``øé /¨``é£``Ö [Ú x¬``´øù }d£``õ Á``•ûd¬``â¬``õ }ZfZd Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ ,Õ``çZ yd£``õ d¬``ã x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ
}d£õ ‰çzÆà flû Õö£ä „ûÆ•¡Ö fd ‰ºæÖ ,¨¿•±≈ú yd£õ ÆΩûd _Z¬õZ £õZ /ÕçZ yd£õ [Ú ‰º¿ûZ £`û ?v¬`§ñ ,Õ`çZ yd£`õ
?¨û¬≤≈õ wf¬∂¿õ ‰â¬•õ /¨¿é£Ö ¨¿úZ¬•≈õ
/ÕçZ }d£õ }Z ‰çzÆà _¬õ flû /‰æÖ '
£``û ,Õ``çZ yd£``õ x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ £``ûÚ /¨``é£``§≈õ „``≈∑õ }d£``õ Æ``è£``¿ì Õ``≈ö£``∑ï gZ Á``é£``ú z }d£``õ }Z ‰``çzÆ``à :‚``ù¬``Ö
?ÕçZ }d£õ }Z ‰çzÆà ‰º¿ûZ
?¨≈ûÆ≈Ω≈õ Æ∂ú fd yd£õ ‚ù Zf ‰•≈±ûÆ•ºöZ £øé £ûÚ ,‚¿ò aÆë ˘Z¬ç ‚é£Ö g£®õ ÆôZ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
yd£```õ ¨```úZ¬```•≈õ YØ```â xÚ ,¨```é£```Ö x£```≈õ fd ‰```•≈±ûÆ```•ºöZ fl```å¬```ò YØ```â fl```û gZ Õ```§©è £```®¿ûZ fd Æ```ôZ :‚```ù¬```Ö
Æ``∂ú fd }d£``õ }Z ‰``çzÆ``à xZ¬``•≈õ ZÆ``úÚ Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ fd z ,Õ``±ù Ø``≈ú }d£``õ Á``•òÆ``ä d¬``ã „``≈¿´ø¡Ö £``õZ /d¬``é [¬``±©õ
/ÕïÆô
/ÕçZ ¨äZz xÚ fd Ø≈å zd ‰•±ûÆ•ºöZ „ûZÆÖ£¿Ö :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
f£``≈±Ö }£``ùØ``≈å gZ d¬``ã }d¬``™Ö ‰``•≈±ûÆ``•ºöZ ‰``øù „``ûZ £``Ö £``õZ ,Õ``çZ _¬``õ ¨``¿ú£``øù ‰``•±ûÆ``•ºöZ Õ``òÆ``ä :‚``ù¬``Ö
/ddÆΩ≈õ ·≈º≤Ü }Øûf f£≈±Ö
 ?Õ±≈å yf£Öfd ı∫≈ñd £õ Õ§©è o¬ê¬õ '
,Õ``çZ }d£``õ Æ``≥¿ì fl``û dÆ``ºæøì gZ }Z ‰``çzÆ``à ‰``º¿ûZ £``û z ,Õ``çZ }d£``õ Æ``≥¿ì fl``û x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ £``ûÚ :‚``ù¬``Ö
?Ø∏õ x¬´øù }d£õ Æ≥¿ì v£¶õ xZ¬¿∑Ö
/ÕçZ Ø∏õ fd }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû x¨≈≤û¨úZ '
/¨úfZd Zf Æ∂ú „≈øù w£ì f¬µÖ xZ¨¿ø≤úZd gZ }f£≈±Ö ‰µÖZf „ûZ fd ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
/‚≈úZ¨Ö y¨é ‰•ïÆû≠à Zf ‰•ºú „ûZ ‚≈úZ¬•≈õ [¬ã '
¨`ùZ¬`™ú £`øé f¬`∂¿õ ‰`â¬`•õ ı∫≈ñd ‘`º´≈ù ı∑§ë ,Õ`çZ }d£`õ x¨`≈≤û¨ú̀Z ‰`ò ¨`≈û¬`ΩÖ f¬`µ¿ûZ £`øé Æ`ôZ :‚`ù¬`Ö
/¨é
/ÕçZ Õçfd '
/¨Ö£≈≈õ Õûd¬â¬õ Ø∏õ xzfd fd £¡¿Ü zZ /dfZ¨ú fZÆñ £¡ö¬æç Õûd¬â¬õ gZ _f£ã ‰≤û¨úZ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
£``õZ /d¬``Ö ¨``ùZ¬``ã Æ``Ü Ã``ç£``¿õ ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ /¨``é£``§≈õ Ø``∏õ dÆ``òf£``ò }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à x£``øù x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ Æ``Ωûd \f£``§∑Ö '
?¨é£Ö ‰•éZd ¨úZ¬•≈õ ·∫•±õ Á•ûd¬â¬õ y£Ω´≈ù }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû £ûÚ
?}Ø≈å ‰å gZ ·∫•±õ :‚ù¬Ö
„``ûZ ‰``•±ùÚ f£``≈±Ö Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ ,‰``∂©ö fl``û ,‰``ú /Õ``±≈ú }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û d¬``ã ‰``ò }Ø``≈å gZ ·``∫•±õ '
?‚≈•±ù }~ÆöZ ›π•õ ‰•ºú „ûZ fd £õ ‰øù £ûÚ /ÕçZ Ø∏õ fd }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû x¨≈≤û¨úZ /‚ûÆ§Ö ’≈à Zf o¬ê¬õ
/¨¿•±ù }Zf ‚ù £õ £Ö }f£≈±Ö dZÆïZ ‰µÖZf „ûZ fd ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
?¨ùd Æ≈≈∏Ü Zf d¬ã ¨úZ¬•≈õ Ø∏õ fd }d£õ ‰çzÆà „ûZ £ûÚ ,d¬≤≈õ aÆë vZ¬ç „ûZ y£ΩúÚ '
/Õ磮¿≈øù ‰æÀ±õ ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
xÚ }Z¬``•©õ v£``äÆ``¡Ö ,¨``ùd Æ``≈≈∏Ü Zf jd¬``ã ¨``úZ¬``•Ö }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à „``ûZ Æ``ôZ z /¨``û£``øú Æ``≈≈∏Ü d¬``ã }d¬``™Ö '
/¨ú£õ ¨ùZ¬ã Áñ£Ö }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû x£ò£øò
/¨ú£õ ¨ùZ¬ã Áñ£Ö }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû v£äÆ¡Ö x¨≈≤û¨úZ ‰ò ¨çÆ≈õ Æ∂¿Ö /‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
}d£`õ ‰`çzÆ`à fl`û x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ /‚``≈¿ò [£``™•úZ Õ``ñd £``Ö f£``≈±Ö Zf d¬``ã \£``øæò Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ /Æ``Ü ‰``•±ùÚ ıπµö '
}d£``õ Õ``≈∑êz fl``û fd x£``ò£``øò ,¨``é£``Ö }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û gZ Á``é£``ú ‰``ò Á``•≈ö£``∑ï ,}Æ``Ωûd Õ``≈ö£``∑ï Æ``ù z ;Õ``çZ Ø``∏õ fd
/¨ú£õ ¨ùZ¬ã Áñ£Ö
/¨é£Ö ¨úZ¬•≈øú }ÆΩûd f¬ë ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
?¨é£§ú }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû ‰ò }Ø≈å ,dfZd d¬âz Ø∏õ fd Õ≈ö£∑ï gZ }ÆΩûd o¬ú £ûÚ /v¬§ñ '
}ZÆ``ï ‰``ò Õ``çZ d¬``â¬``õ Á``äzf £``ûÚ /¨``úZ ydÆ``ò d¬``ã gZ Õ``ç£``¡úÆ``ñ £``¡ú£``±úZ ‰``ò Õ``çZ ˘Z¬``ç „``ûZ ı•≈∑§ë :‚``ù¬``Ö
?¨é£Ö ‰•éZd dƺæøì }d£õ x£¡â
z ‰``µÖZf fd ZÆ``úÚ ¨``≈úZ¬``•ú ‰``ò dfZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ Á``•≈ö£``∑ï Ø``∏õ fd v£``äÆ``¡Ö £``ûÚ Ei¨``∫öZ azf /„``ùe £``û z azf '
?¨≈ùd fZÆñ Ø∏õ Õ≈ö£∑ï }d£õ ‰çzÆà £Ö ¨ú¬≈à
‰`•±ÖZz ¨ú̀Z¬`•≈øú Õ`ã£`¿é /¨`é£Ö̀ Ø`∏õ ‰Ö̀ ‰`•±ÖZz ‰`ò d¬Ö̀ ¨`ùZ¬`™ú ‰ú̀¬`Ω¿ûZ ıÜfzÆ`ê Õ`ûd¬`â¬`õ „`ûZ ,[¬`ã :‚`ù¬`Ö
/¨é£Ö ÆΩûd }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû d¬øú d¬ã £¡¿Ü z £¡¿Ü Õ±û£§≈õ y£ΩúÚ x¬å ,¨é£Ö Ø∏õ dƺæøì }d£õ ‰çzÆà ‰Ö
 /ÕçZ x¨≈≤û¨úZ x£øù ‰ò ,¨é£Ö Ø∏õ }d£õ ‰çzÆà ‰Ö ‰•±ÖZz ¨úZ¬•≈øú Õ㣿é '
‰``Ö ‰``•±ÖZz }d£``õ ‰`` `çzÆ``à fl``û ,‰``º¿ûZ ÷```™≤õ f¬``µÖ /¨``ûZ ‰``•ïÆ```ô Æ``∂ú fd ‘``ºìÆ`` Ö ZÆ``¿ûZ £``øé £``õZ :‚```ù¬``Ö
/¨¿ò Æ≈≈∏Ü ¨úZ¬•≈õ Õ㣿é ÿç¬Ü z ,Õ±ù Õ㣿é
‰``•±ÖZz Õ``ã£``¿é £``õZ ,Õ``±ù Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``Ö ‰``•±ÖZz Ø``∏õ dÆ``ºæøì }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à /¨``≈é£``Ö Ã``íZ¬``õ f£``≈±Ö ¨``û£``Ö yÚ '
/Õ±≈ú ‰çzÆà xÚ ‰Ö
¨``úZ¬``•≈õ }d£``õ Æ``≈î }Ø``≈å ‰``ú¬``Ωå ‰``ò ¨``údÆ``Ωú ‰``â¬``•õ Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ Õ``±ù „``ºøõ wdÆ``õ gZ }f£``≈±Ö :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dfZ≠ΩÖ }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû }zf }Æ≈á£Ü
/͍Z ͍fd ,侅 '
z }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü ı∑§ë }d£``õ Æ``≈î Ø``≈å fl``û ‰``ò ¨``¿ò ‚``¥ù ¨``úZ¬``•Ö Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ¨``û£``é :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨é£§≈õ w¬¡πõ£ú ı∑§ë £¡úÚ }ZÆÖ i¬º∑õ ‰çzÆà £õZ ,dÆ≈ô fZÆñ ¨úZ¬•≈øú }d£õ Ø≈å £û
/¨``é£``§≈õ }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û ,d¬``ã }Z¬``•©õ Á``õ£``øÜ £``Ö ,x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ ,Ø``∏õ ?Õ``±≈å ›``≈ñd f¬``µÖ £``øé f¬``∂¿õ '
?ÕçZ xÚ gZ Á≤™Ö ıõZØöZ Ø≈ú Õã£¿é £ûÚ ,[¬ã /ÕçZ }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû gZ Á≤™Ö £¡úÚ gZ Áé£ú Á•≈ö£∑ï Æù
¨``úZ¬``•≈øú „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö ;¨``é£``§≈õ £``¡úÚ gZ ·``∫•±õ }Ø``≈å Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``ò ‚``ûd¬``Ö Æ``∂ú ‚``ù ‰``•ºú „``ûZ }zf £``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
£`õ Œ`©Ö ‰`ò Õ`çZ }Z ‰`•ºú „`ûZ ,Õ`±ù ·`øì ‰`Ö fd£`ñ }d£`õ ‰`çzÆ`à x£`øù [¬`åf£`å fd ı∫≈ñd £`õZ /¨`é£`Ö xÚ gZ Á`≤™Ö
/¨úØ≈õ fzd ‰µÖZf „≈øù fd
’`∫ú ‰`çzÆ`à „`ûZ }zf ¨ú̀Z¬`•≈õ ‰`ø¡¿ûZ £Ö̀ £`õZ ,Õ`çZ }d£`õ È`çzÆ`à gZ ·`∫•±õ Õ`ã£`¿é /Õ`çZ f¬`µ¿≈øù ,‰`æÖ '
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd
J
Î``¶õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ ‰``ú¬```Ω¿û¨``Ö Á``øæì Á``ù£```Ωú gZ ‰``•ºú „``ûZ /‚``û¬``é Æ``•∫≈øì Á``øò ‰`` ≈¥ñ „``ûZ fd ¨``≈û£``≈Ö :‚```ù¬``Ö
}zf @[A ‰``º¿ûZ Á``¿∑û ,¨``é£```Ö ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Ø``≈ú ‘``ºìÆ``Ö „``≈¿´øù ,¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd dÆ``ò f£``ò @[A }zf ¨```úZ¬``•≈õ @‹``öZA
J
,¨``¿ºú r¨``è ‘``ºì ¨``úzf z dfZ≠``ΩÖ Æ``≈á£``Ü @[A }zf ¨``úZ¬``•Ö @‹``öZA Î``¶õ ‰``º¿ûZ £``õZ /dfZ≠``ΩÖ Æ``≈á£``Ü ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ @‹``öZA
/Õ±≈ú „ézf ÆΩûd ‰•ºú „ûZ
/¨≈û¬Ω≈õ Õçfd ,yzZ '
zÆ``Özf Æ``Ωûd Á``•ö£```ä £``Ö Ø``ôÆ``ù £```õ /d¬``≤≈õ Á``é£``ú £```øé ‰``•πô gZ ‰``ò Õ```çZ Á``ÜÎ``º≤õ gZ Á``º û „``ûZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
}zf Ø`≈ú £`øé ı∑§ë ,wfZ≠`ΩÖ Æ`≈á£`Ü £`øé }zf ‚ú̀Z¬`•≈õ „`õ Æ`ôZ ,¨`≈¿ò y£`Ωú Æ`Ωû¨`ºû £Ö̀ £`¡ú£`±úZ ÿÖ̀Zzf ‰`Ö ;¨`é ‚`≈ùZ¬`™ú
?¨≈∫ïZ¬õ ' ¨≈úZ¬•≈õ „õ
/dfZd ÁΩ•±Ö ·Ö£∫•õ \ZÆ≈á£Ü ‰Ö ,ÆΩû¨ºû £Ö £¡ú£±úZ \£§ç£¿õ ,‰æÖ '
/ÕçZ m¬ÖÆõ ·Ö£∫•õ }£ù ÁΩ•±ÖZz ‰Ö ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
£``øé ·``øì ‰``Ö Õ``§±ú „``õ Æ```ôZ /·``≈§ñ „``ûZ gZ z Õ```ç£``¡≤¿òZz Æ``ç Æ``Ö Õ``§©è ,£``ù Á``Ω•±ÖZz „```ûZ fd z '
/d¬Ö ‚ùZ¬™ú £øé f£•ïf ‰Ö ‰•±ÖZz „õ „ûZÆÖ£¿Ö ,‚ù¨ú x£≤ú ’¿òZz
/¨é£§≈õ „ºøõ£ú ‰§ú£â flû Æ≈á£Ü ‰ò d¬øú ¨ùZ¬ã ¨≈ò£Ü ‰•ºú „ûZ ‰Ö yd£ç f¬µÖ ‚æì ,¨≈úZ¨≈õ £õZ :‚ù¬Ö
fd ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ £``¡¿Ü }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û ‰``ò ‚``ûfZd ¨``≈ò£``Ü ‰``•ºú „``ûZ }zf x£``ò£``øò £``õ „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö /Õ``çZ Õ``çfd '
/dÆ≈ΩÖ fZÆñ ÆΩûd }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû £Ö m£§ÜfZ
zd d¬``øú xZ¬``¿∑Ö ‰``øæò ÿ``ç¬``Ü ‰``ò Õ``±ù }Z ‰``µÖZf /¨``é£``§≈õ ·``Ö£``∫•õ x£``•±Ö y¨``Ö fl``û ¨``¿ú£``øù v£``äÆ``¡Ö :‚``ù¬``Ö
J
£û z ‚≈¿º≈õ aÆë Zf x£•±Ö y¨Ö ‰øæò £õ ‰º≈ú£õg ‚¡úÚ ÕçZ —êZz Îõ£`ò ‰`•ºú „`ûZ /¨Ö̀£`≈≈õ x£`ûÆ`â }d£`õ o¬`ê¬`õ
/Zf ‰ë¬ÖÆõ ·øì
fl``û z ¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd dÆ``òf£``ò }d£``õ Æ``≈î o¬``ê¬``õ fl``û }zf ¨``úZ¬``•Ö Õ``±û£``§≈õ }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û v£``ä /v¬``§ñ '
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd Æ≈á£Ü z dƺæøì }d£õ ‰çzÆà flû }zf ¨úZ¬•Ö Õ±û£§≈õ }d£õ Æ≈î Õö£ä £û z x£ûÆâ
/dg£ç ‰≈§é ‚¡Ö Zf £¡úÚ xZ¬•≈õ ·øì „ûZ £õZ :‚ù¬Ö
/ı∫≈ñd '
Õ``òÆ``ä Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``ò ¨``≈û£``øú lÆ``ï ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ ¨``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``øé /dfZ¨``ú Á``∑µñ \fzÆ``ê Æ``õZ „``ûZ £``õZ :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
xZ¬``•≈õ ,[Z≠``â z y¨``úÆ``≈ô f£``≈±Ö Õ``òÆ``ä „``ûZ ÿ``ç¬``Ü ‰``º¿ûZ z ,Ø``∏õ }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û £``Ü Õ``çZ }Æ``Ü y¨``¿¿ò [≠``â f£``≈±Ö
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd dÆòf£ò }ÆΩûd }zf ¨úZ¬•≈øú ,ÆÜ ‰Öe£â ‚ò z ‹≈∑ê ÕòÆä flû £õZ ,dÆò f£ò ÆÜ ‹≈∑ê ÕòÆä }zf
/‚≈û¬Ω≈õ f¬µ¿≈øù ‚ù £õ ,‰æÖ '
÷``™≤õ ÿ``¢ZÆ``é fl``û fd /dfZ¨``ú ZÆ``≈ô z [e£``â Á``•òÆ``ä }ZÆ``Ö Á``è£``ã Á``¿∑õ ”``≈ù Æ``Ü ‹``≈∏ê Õ``òÆ``ä :‚``ù¬``Ö
J
d¬``ã fd Zf ‡``¿ç „``ûZ i¬``ú£``≈ñZ z ¨``ûgZ¨``ú£``≈õ i¬``ú£``≈ñZ }¬``Ü Zf Á``Ω¿ç £``øé Î``¶õ ‰``ò ¨``ùd }zf ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Á``•ö£``ä „``≈¿å
/¨ùd Æ≈≈∏Ü Zf ‡¿ç xÚ Áúzfd jgfZ ‰º¿ûZ xz¨Ö ,dƧ≈õ zÆï
/侅 '
fd £``¡¿Ü ‰``ò ¨``é£``Ö ˙``Ö£``∫•õ }fZ≠``ô Æ``≈á£``Ü z ‰``µÖZf fl``û gZ Õ``§©è ¨``û£``§≈õ £``®¿ûZ fd „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
//¨Ö£≈≈õ Õûd¬â¬õ Á¿≈∑õ w¬¡πõ z jgfZ gzÆÖ x£õg
Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö ›``≤ì /‚``ûzÆ``Ö ’``≈à }Æ``•≤≈Ö Õ``ñd £``Ö ¨``ûfZ≠``ΩÖ ,¨``ûzÆ``ú ’``≈à ⁄``ûÆ``ç d£``ûg ‰``µÖZf „``ûZ fd ıπµö /‰``ú ,‰``ú '
/dfZ¨ú }Z ‰µÖZf ”≈ù
Æπ¿Ü ‰ò ¨≈û¬ΩÖ f¬µ¿ûZ ¨≈ùZ¬™≈õ v£¶õ f¬µÖ £ûÚ /‚ûfZd f£òzÆ`ç ‰`µÖZf Õ`∏ö £Ö̀ £`õ x£`ò£`øò £`®¿ûZ fd :‚`ù¬Ö̀
?dfZ¨ú ›≤ì }zf }Æ≈á£Ü ”≈ù
J
/¨úfZd fZÆñ ‚ù gZ Z¨â Îõ£ò £¡úÚ '
/¨úfZ¨ú }Æ≈á£Ü ÆΩû¨ºû }zf z ,‚ù gZ Z¨â :‚ù¬Ö
£```®¿ûZ fd Æ```ôZ /dfZd fZÆ```ñ Æ```π¿Ü gZ ·```∫•±õ ›```≤ì /Õ```çZ }d£```ûg Õ```≈øùZ Ø```¢£```ä ‰```•ºú „```ûZ xdÆ```ò „```ézf '
/dfZ¨ú d¬âz ›≤ì }ZÆÖ Á¢£â ÆΩûd ,¨é£Ö x£≈õ fd Æπ¿Ü gZ Á•§©è
‰``Ö Õ``§±ú Ø``≈ú ˙``Ö£``∫•õ Æ``≈á£``Ü ”``≈ù ‰``ºæÖ ,¨``¿é£``Ö ‚``ù f£``¿ò fd ¨``¿úZ¬``Ü Á``øú £``¡¿Ü ‰``ú £``¡¿ûZ ,Õ``çZ Õ``çfd :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨úfZ¨ú ‚ù
v£`¶õ f¬`µÖ ‰`ò ‚`ûÆ`≈Ω≈õ fZÆ`ñ Á`úZ¨`¿ø≤úZd xÚ £`Ö ·`Ö£`∫Ü fd £`õ „`ûZÆ`Ö£`¿Ö /Õ`éZd ¨`¿ùZ¬`™ú ·`Ö£`∫•õ Æ``≈á£``Ü ‰``æÖ '
/¨é£§≈õ m£§ÜfZ fd @‹öZA £Ö Ø≈ú @[A ı∑§ë ,dfZd ‰µÖZf @[A £Ö @‹öZA ÆôZ ¨¿û¬Ω≈õ
„``õ ‰``•§öZ ' ¨``¿û¬``Ω≈õ Æ``Ωûd Á``û£``ùØ``≈å £``ù Á``ãÆ``Ö ,¨``¿é£``Ö ‰``•éZd Zf Æ``∂ú „``ûZ xZ¨``¿ø≤úZd ‰``øù ‰``º¿ûZ ‰``ú :‚``ù¬``Ö
J
///wfz£≈Ö v£¶õ Zf ¬µçfZ ‰¿≈õg „ûZ fd ζõ ‰ò ‚¿≈Ö Áøú Ãö£â d£ûg Zf „ûZ
H
/¨≈¿ò Õ§©è ,dfZd ˘£ºéZ ‰å Ãã '
d¬`â¬``Ö yd£``õ Õ``òÆ``ä gZ ‰``âz ”``≈¡Ö ZÆ``úÚ Z¨``ã z ¨``é£``§≈õ Õ``òÆ``ä ¨``ñ£``ï ‰``ò dfZd d¬``âz Á``•òÆ``ä ¨``û¬``Ω≈õ zZ :‚``ù¬`Ö̀
„``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö z ?¨``≈•±ù ‰``â¬``•õ /dfZd Õ``òÆ``ä x£``ò£``øò zZ £``õZ ,¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd dÆ``òf£``ò xÚ }zf ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú yd£``õ ;Õ``çZ ydfz£``≈ú
,Õ``çZ ydfZ≠``ô f£``¿ò Zf ‰``≤û¨``úZ „``ûZ ‚``æì ,¬``µçfZ gZ ¨``∑Ö /¨``é£``§≈õ v£``±¿¡ò f£``≈±Ö }Z ‰``≤û¨``úZ ‰``ûÆ``∂ú „``ûZ ‰``ò ‚``≈¿≈Ö Á``õ
/ÕçZ „ºøõ Æ≈î }Ø≈å „≈¿å ‰ò ‰•πô z
Æ``π¿Ü gZ ›``≤ì ‰``ò ¨``ûd ‚``ùZ¬``ã f¬``µ¿ûZ ,‚``¿ò y£``Ωú £``û£``¥ñ ›``øì ‰``Ö „``ézf z —``êZz ˙``≈ã ‚``úZ¬``•Ö „``õ Æ``ôZ '
¨úZ¬•Ö ¨û£é ›≤ì ‰ò ÕçZ f¬µ¿ûZ ‘ºìÆÖ z ;dfZ≠ΩÖ Æ≈á£Ü ›≤ì }zf ¨úZ¬•≈øú ‰âz ”≈¡Ö Æ`π¿Ü ‰`º¿ûZ z ,Õ`çZ Z¨`â
/d¬é aƵõ ›≤ì gZ Á•§©è ¨úZ¬•≈øú ,ÕçZ Æπ¿Ü gZ Õ§©è ‰ò Á¢£â fd „≈¿´øù z ,dfZ≠ΩÖ Æπ¿Ü }zf }Æ≈á£Ü
?¨≈û£ø¿≈õ [£™•úZ £øé Zf fl≈õZ¨ò /¨¿•±ù ‹æ•™õ Õ≈∑êz zd £ù „ûZ [¬ã :‚ù¬Ö
?¨¿•±ù wZ¨ò ¨≈û¬Ω≈õ ‰ò Zf Á•≈∑êz zd '
‰``º¿ûZ }Æ``Ωûd z ;¨``é£``Ö fZ≠``ô Æ``≈á£``Ü Æ``π¿Ü }zf ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ ›``≤ì ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ x£``ºõZ fl``û ¨``≈•πô £``øé :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨¿é£Ö ‰•éZd ·Ö£∫•õ Æ≈á£Ü ‚ù }zf ¨¿úZ¬•≈øú „≈∫û f¬µÖ £¡¿ûZ
/侅 '
?ÕçZ ‰ú¬Ωå o¬ê¬õ „ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd Æ≈á£Ü Æπ¿Ü }zf ¨úZ¬•≈øú ›≤ì ,‰ú /¨≈û¬ΩÖ ¨≈ùZ¬™≈õ ‰å ‰ò ‚•±ù ‰â¬•õ „õ '
£``õZ /dfZ≠``ΩÖ Æ``≈á£```Ü }Æ``Ωûd }zf ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú Á``ºû /¨``úfZ¨``ú Æ```Ωû¨``ºû £``Ö }Z ‰``µÖZf ”``≈ù zd „``ûZ /v¬``§ñ :‚```ù¬``Ö
?Õ±≈ú f¬µ¿ûZ ,¨úZ¬•≈õ Õ㣿é
J J
\z£``π•õ Î``õ£``ò Ø``≈å zd ,Á``¢Zdg Õ``ú¬``≤ã z ,Õ``ú¬``≤ã /‚``≈û£``øú ›``≈ñd Î``õ£``ò Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ '
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd Æ≈á£Ü }ÆΩûd }zf ¨úZ¬•≈øú £¡¿ûZ gZ wZ¨º´≈ù /¨¿é£§≈õ
„``ºøõ£``ú Zf }Æ``Ωûd Õ```ûd¬``â¬``õ ,Á``ºû Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ ‰`` `ò ¨``≈û£``øú aÆ``µõ Zf ‰``•ºú „```ûZ ¨```≈ùZ¬```™≈õ £```ûÚ :‚```ù¬`` `Ö
?¨¿é£Ö ‰•éZd Õûd¬â¬õ z dÆòf£ò x£õØøù ¨¿úZ¬•≈øú Á•ö£ä ”≈ù fd £¡úÚ ‰º¿ûZ z ,dg£±≈õ
/ÕçZ Õçfd '
/¨¿é£Ö ‰•éZd dÆòf£ò x£õØøù ¨¿úZ¬•≈øú £¡úÚ :‚ù¬Ö
}Æ``Ωûd ,dfZd dÆ``ºæøì }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û Æ``ôZ /‚``¿º≈õ ¨``≈ò£``Ü ‰``•ºú „``ûZ }zf „``õ /¨``¿úZ¬``•≈øú ⁄``µñ f¬``µÖ '
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd Õûd¬â¬õ ¨úZ¬•≈øú
?ÕçZ Õã£¿é £øé f¬∂¿õ £ûÚ ?ÕçZ wZ¨ò }ÆΩûd xÚ f£§¿ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
/侅 '
¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Õ``ã£``¿é ,‰``º¿ûZ ÷``™≤õ f¬``µÖ ,dÆ``≈Ω≈õ fZÆ``ñ ‚``ûd¬``Ö ‰``•πô ‰``ò ‰``´úÚ £``Ö ·``Ö£``∫Ü fd ‰``•ºú „``ûZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dfZ≠ΩÖ Æ≈á£Ü }d£õ ‰çzÆà }zf
}ZÆ``Ö ' dfZ¨``ú Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ Á``¢Zdg Õ``ú¬``≤ã Á``¿∑û }Æ``Ωûd ,dfZd fZÆ``ñ Õ``ú¬``≤ã ‰``º≈¢£``®úÚ /ıπµö Æ``•õZfÚ Á``øò '
/‚¿ò Ø≈ùÆà xÚ x£≈Ö gZ x£ºõÍZ Á•ä ‚¿º≈õ Á∑ç „õ ,Õ±≈ú ÕäZf z yd£ç @Á¢Zdg Õú¬≤ãA ‰øæò gZ yd£π•çZ „õ
?Á¢ZÆΩøù ,—æè ,’õZfÚ :‚ù¬Ö
dÆ``òf£``ò Õ``ú¬``≤ã ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ ,Õ``±ù ’``õZfÚ ‰``º≈¢£``®úÚ £``ûÚ £``õZ /dfZ¨``ú Á``¢£``â ’``õZfÚ ,Õ``±ù Õ``ú¬``≤ã ‰``º≈¢£``â '
 J
/¨úfZd fZÆñ ‚ù gZ ·∫•±õ Îõ£ò Õú¬≤ã z —æè ,„ûZÆÖ£¿Ö /d¬Ö ¨ùZ¬™ú f¬µ¿ûZ ı•∑≈§ë ,‰ú ?¨é£Ö ‰•éZd
£`õZ ,dÆ`≈ΩÖ Æ`≈á£`Ü ‰`≤û¨`úZ gZ ¨`úZ¬`•≈øú \Æ`≈≥Ö £`û Á`¿≈Ö „`ézf ‰``ò ¨``ûZ ‰``•πô £``ùf£``Ö z £``ùf£``Ö £``øé :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
/¨ûZ yd¬øú aÆë Zf }f£≈±Ö }£¡ö£¶õ £•çZf „ûZ fd £øé /Õ±≈ú rd£è xÚ ‘ºìÆÖ
\Æ``≈≥Ö z }¨``¿õdÆ``ã ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú Á``úZd£``ú £``õZ ,dÆ``≈ΩÖ d¬``ã Æ``≈á£``Ü Æ``ûg Zf Á``úZd£``ú ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ dÆ``ã z Á``¿≈Ö „``ézf '
›``≤ì £``ûÚ /¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ Æ``π¿Ü ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú ,dfZd dÆ``ºæøì ›``≤ì ‰``ò Á``û£``®úÚ ?v¬``§ñ ' ¨``ùd fZÆ``ñ Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü Zf
?dÆ§Ö „≈Ö gZ Zf Æπ¿Ü ¨úZ¬•≈õ
·``∫•±õ Á``ûzÆ``≈ú gZ Æ``π¿Ü ‰``ò ¨``çÆ``≈õ Æ``∂¿Ö x¬``å ,dzÆ``ú ’``≈à Á``•ö£``ä „``≈¿å ¨``çÆ``≈õ Æ``∂¿Ö ‚``ûZ ‰``•πô £``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dÆ≈Ω≈õ yÆ¡Ö
/¨é£Ö f¬µ¿ûZ ‰ò ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë '
/dfZd Zf jd¬ã k£ã ÕòÆä z \f¨ñ ,jd¬ã Áúzfd tÆ©Ü xzZ :‚ù¬Ö
‚`ûZÆ`Ö ,dfZd fZÆ`ñ Õ`ã£`¿é yf£`Öfd £`õ ‰``¶ä£``§õ df¬``õ ‰``ò ‰``´úÚ £``Ö Æ``π¿Ü z ›``≤ì ‰``æÀ±õ „``≈Ö ‰``µÖZf :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
/Õ±≈ú „ézf z —êZz ·õ£ò f¬µÖ
J
/¨¿é£§≈õ ZØ®õ Îõ£ò ‰èÆì zd £¡¿ûZ ‰ò ¨çÆ≈õ Æ∂¿Ö f¬µ¿ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
‰``ò }Ø``≈å ,¨``é£``Ö Õ``òÆ``ä fl``û ¨``úZ¬``≈•øú Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``ò ¨``çÆ``≈õ Æ``∂¿Ö z ,Õ``çZ Õ``òÆ``ä fl``û x¨``≈≤û¨``úZ :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
/dZd fZÆñ ‰ñZ¨õ df¬õ xZ¬•≈õ Zf ÕòÆä xÚ ‰ò }f¬ë ,¨¿Ö£≈≈õ tÆ©Ü ’õZfÚ fd ı≥™≤õ xÚ xzfd Ø≈å ‰øù
Õ``©Ü ‰``ò dfZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ x£``≈õ „``ûZ fd }Ø``≈å ,‰``ò ‚``≈çÆ``Ö }Z y¨``ûZ „``≈¿å ‰``¿ò ‰``Ö ‚``≈¿º≈õ jÎ``Ü £``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dÆ≈Ω≈øú fZÆñ }ÆΩûd Ø≈å ”≈ù Æ≈á£Ü
¨```Ö z [¬```ã £`` `®¿ûZ fd ‰```ò Õ```πô ¨```≈ùZ¬```™ú y£`` `ΩúÚ ,¨```≈¿ò y£```Ωú Æ```π¿Ü z ›```≤ì ‰```Ö £```øé Æ`` `ôZ :y¨```¿¿ò vZ¬```ç
J
/¨é£§≈õ ·∫•±õ ÁûzÆ≈ú z ,ZØ®õ Îõ£ò Õûd¬â¬õ flû ¨Ö ‰º¿ûZ z ,dfZd Õûd¬â¬õ
/¨é£§≈õ ·∫•±õ ‰ò ÕçZ Á֬㠄ûZ ,‰•§öZ :‚ù¬Ö
fZÆ``ñ Õ``ã£``¿é £``Ö ¨``ú¬``≈à fd ‰``º¿ûZ £``û ,¨``¿•±ù „``ùe fd ˙``øì }¨``úzf d¬``øú £``¡¿ûZ ‰``øù £``ûÚ £``õZ :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
?¨úfZd
/¨≈çf ‚≈ùZ¬ã ‚ù £®úÚ ‰Ö :‚ù¬Ö
/dzÆ≈õ Áºûf£Ü z ,¨ûÛ≈õ f¬ú /¨≈¿ò y£Ωú Á¿ézf z Áºûf£Ü ‰Ö ‰∂©ö flû :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
„``ûZ £``Ü /¨``é£``Ö ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú }Æ``Ωûd ,Õ``±ù Á``ºû ‰``ò Á``û£``â ' Á``ºûf£``Ü z f¬``ú ;Æ``π¿Ü z ›``≤ì ;¨``Ö z [¬``ã :‚``ù¬``Ö
/‚ûZ ‰•πΩú ‰¿≈õg „ûZ fd }Æ•≤≈Ö Ø≈å £õ ‰∂©ö
?¨é£§≈õ „≈∑õ Ø∏õ flû [¬åf£å fd x£ò£øò £øé f¬∂¿õ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
fd ,dÆ``≈ô }£``â yzÆ``ô fl``û fd Æ``π¿Ü Æ``ôZ /}Æ``Ωûd Ø``≈å Æ``ù £``û z ,yzÆ``ô fl``û fd £``û ,‰``æÖ ,}Ø``∏õ Æ``ù fd :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨é£Ö x£≈õfd ¨úZ¬•≈øú ›≤ì gZ Á•§©è ÆΩûd £®úÚ
/dfZ¨``ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù Õ``ã£``¿é /ZÆ``å Æ``π¿Ü £``õZ /dfZ¨``ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù ›``≤ì /¨``õÚ wÆ``∂¿Ö }Ø``≈å ‰``∂©ö „``≈øù ı∫≈ñd '
?¨ûfZd v¬§ñ Zf ‰•ºú „ûZ ,Õ±ù Õæì }ZfZd ,x¨≈≤û¨úZ ¨¿ú£øù ,}d£õ ‰çzÆà flû
/ÕçZ ˘¬æ∑õ z Õæì yÆ≈®úg flû gZ Á≤™Ö ÆõZ „ûZ ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
 ?¨é£Ö fZ≠ô Æ≈á£Ü ,dfZd Á•æì ‰ò }Ø≈å }zf ¨úZ¬•≈õ ØôÆù ,dfZ¨ú Á•æì ‰ò ‰´úÚ £ûÚ '
¨``úZ¬``•≈øú }d¬``âz Õ``æì ¨``ñ£``ï }Ø``≈å ZÆ``å ,‰``º¿ûZ Æ``Ö Á``¿§õ ‚``≈¿ò Z¨``≈à ˙``≈öd ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈øú £``õ /Õ``çZ „``ºøõ :‚``ù¬``Ö
£`õZ /dfZ¨ú̀ d¬`âz xÚ Á`πú }ZÆ`Ö Á`•çd wd z ÷`™≤õ ·`≈öd /¨`é£`§ú fZ≠`ô Æ`≈á£`Ü ,dfZd }d¬`âz Õ`æì fl`û ‰`ò }Ø`≈å }zf
Æ``≈á£``Ü ,dfZ¨``ú }d¬``âz Õ``æì ”``≈ù ‰``ò }Ø``≈å }zf ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú ,dfZd }d¬``âz Õ``æì ‰``ò ‰``´úÚ /d¬``Ö ¨``ùZ¬``™ú f¬``µ¿ûZ ‘``ºìÆ``Ö
/dÆ§Ö „≈Ö gZ ZÆúÚ Õ±û£§≈õ x£±¿û¨Ö x¬å ,¨é£Ö fZ≠ô
f£`≈±Ö Æ`≈á£`Ü }d£`õ ‰`çzÆ`à fl`û }zf Õ`ã£`¿é gZ Á`é£`ú dÆ`òf£`ò ı≥™≤õ ‰`ò ‚`≈úZ¨``≈õ £``õZ /Õ``çZ Õ``çfd „``ûZ '
/dfZd }Z y∞ûzd¬ã
/¨ù¨≈õ Æ≈≈∏Ü z ydÆò £®Ö£â Zf £¡•æì gZ }f£≈±Ö v£¶õ xZ¬¿∑Ö ‰ò d¬≤≈õ ˙õ£ì ¨û£é :‚ù¬Ö
J
‰`çzÆ`à fl`û }zf Á`∫≈ñd z ÷`™≤õ Î`õ£`ò Æ`≈á£`Ü v£`ä „`≈ì fd ,dfZ¨`ú }d¬`âz Õ`æì ”`≈ù Õ`ã£`¿é ‰`å Æ`ôZ '
/dfZ≠Ω≈õ }d£õ
fl``û Æ``õZ „``ûZ ‰``ºæÖ ,d¬``é ‰``•ïÆ``ô Æ``∂ú fd fzÆ``ê z Æ``û≠``à£``ú [£``¿•âZ Á``•ö£``ä ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú }Ø``≈å „``≈¿å ‰``•§öZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/d¬≤≈õ [¬±©õ x£ºõZ
/‚¿º≈øú x£ºõZ d¬âz gZ Õ§©è „õ ,‰ú ,‰ú '
}¨``úzf „``≈¿å ZÆ``å ‰``ò ‚``û¬``é ‰``â¬``•õ ı∫≈ñd ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈øú Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ g¬``¿ù £``õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ wf¬``∂¿õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
J
xÚ gZ ‚``≈úZ¬``•Ö ,x£``ºõZ ‰``øæò }£``®Ö £``õ Î``¶õ ‰``ò dfZ¨``ú d¬```âz ˙``Ö£``∫•õ Õ``≈∑êz £``®¿ûZ fd /Õ``çZ Æ``û≠``à£``ú [£``¿•âZ
/‚≈û£øú yd£π•çZ
fd @x£``ºõZA ‰``øæò }ZÆ``Ö Á``∫≈ñd w¬``¡πõ £``õ ‰``º≈ú£``õg xÚ £``Ü ‰``•§öZ /‚``•±ù £``øé f¬``∂¿õ ‰``â¬``•õ „``õ ,v¬``§ñ '
,dfZ¨``ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù ›``≤ì /‚``ûzÆ``Ö ’``≈à Á``è£``ã ‰``â¬``Ü z Õ``ñd £``Ö £``•çZf „``ûZ fd Õ``±û£``§≈õ v£``äÆ``ù fd /‚``≈é£``Ö ‰``•ïÆ``Ωú Æ``∂ú
/¨¿¿ò ›ûÆë Áë ‚ù f£¿ò fd z ÆΩû¨ºû £Ö ¨¿úZ¬•≈øú zd „ûZ /dfZd Æπ¿Ü £õZ
ıÜfzÆ``ê ·``≈öd „``≈ø¡Ö z /Õ``±ù \z£``πÜ Õ``ã£```¿é z ›``≤ì „``≈Ö ·``≈ öd „``≈ø¡Ö z /Õ``çZ f¬``µ¿≈øù /‰```æÖ :‚```ù¬```Ö
‰``•éZd dÆ``ºæøì z Æ``≈á£``Ü }d£``õ Á``•ö£``ä £``û z ¨``úzf }zf ¨``é£``Ö fd£``ñ ,}d¬``âz Õ``æì xz¨``Ö Á``•ö£``ä ‰``ò d¬``Ö ¨``ùZ¬``™ú ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ
/‚û£øú aƵõ ‚æû£õ ‰ò d¬Ö }Z ‰•ºú „ûZ /¨é£Ö
?ÕçZ Õã£¿é ›≤ì £ûÚ /‚ùd fZÆñ ›≈∫©Ü df¬õ Æ•≤≈Ö Áøò Zf o¬ê¬õ „ûZ ‚æû£õ „õ '
d¬``øú Õ``ã£``¿é z ›``≤ì /¨``¿•±≈ú x£``±ºû £``¡¿ûZ ,‚``ûÆ``≈ΩÖ Æ``∂ú fd Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``õ ‰``º≈û£``®úÚ £``Ü :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨¿•±≈ú Áú£±ºû }£ùØ≈å ‰øù „ûZ £Ö ?¨¿é£Ö ¨û£é £û z ¨¿•±≈ú x£±ºû Á•ö£ä
?¨¿•±≈ú ZÆå '
/¨Ö£≈≈õ dƺæøì ‰ñÆâ ¨¿ú£øù Á•≈∑êz fd x£ò£øò Õã£¿é £õZ ,¨é£Ö ›≤ì ¨úZ¬•Ö ¨û£é Õ㣿é :‚ù¬Ö
Æ``≈≈∏Ü Zf Ø``∏õ dÆ``òf£``ò ‚``•±≈ç Á``õ£``øÜ ,‰``ñÆ```â „``ûZ z /Õ``çZ ‰``ñÆ```â fl``û ¨``¿ú£``øù Õ``ã£``¿é ,Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ë '
,‚``¿º≈õ vͨ``•çZ ,‚``¿º≈õ ‰``¶ä£``§õ „``õ ‰``ò Á``õ¬``¡πõ „``≈¿å fd ,dÆ``≈Ω≈õ yÆ``¡Ö xÚ gZ ,dfZ≠``Ω≈õ Æ``≈á£``Ü xÚ }zf ,¨``ù¨``≈õ
x£```≈Ö „```ézf z —```êZz Zf o¬```ê¬```õ Á```ï£```ò ygZ¨```úZ ‰```Ö £```ûÚ ‰```ò ‚```úZ¨```≈øú ı∫≈ñd „```õ /yÆ```≈î z wÆ```≈Ω≈õ yÆ```¡Ö ›```µ¿õ gZ z
?‚¿º≈õ
f£``ò jzf w£``øÜ ,¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd dÆ``òf£``ò z ‰``•ï£``û Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ Á``ú£``õg fd }Z ‰``ñÆ``â Æ``ôZ ,‚``¿º≈õ Æ``ºï „``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
„``ûZ gZ ’``≈à £``øé x¬``å ,d¬``≤≈õ ›``µ¿õ ˘£``ø•äZ g£``ç ‰``¿≈õg ‰``ñÆ``â /ddÆ``Ω≈õ Á``∑ñZz z Á``∫µ¿õ ı∑§ë z ydÆ``ò Æ``≈≈∏Ü
/¨ûdƧ≈õ Æ±Ö w£∂•úZ w¨ì z ÁøôfdÆç Õö£ä fd ‰ñÆâ
/ÕçZ y¨≈çf }Æ≈ô ‰®≈•ú „≈øù ‰Ö ›∂¿õ ›ûÆë gZ ¨û£é ¬µçfZ ‰ò ‚¿º≈õ Æºï „õ E‰æÖ ,‰æÖ '
/‚≈úZ¨≈øú ı∑§ë ZÆ¿ûZ £õ EÕçZ ‰•ï£û Õçd Õã£¿é ‰Ö ‰¿≈õg „ûZ fd zZ ‚ù ¨û£é ,‰•§öZ :‚ù¬Ö
/‚≤û¨úZ Áõ ‰•ºú „ûZ ‰Ö x£ò£øò „õ £õZ ,‚≈úZ¨≈øú ı∑§ë ZÆ¿ûZ £õ '
J
[£`•ò £`Üzd Á`ºû £`¡¿Ü zZ gZ ‰`¿≈õg „`ûZ fd x¬`å ,ydÆ`º≈õ f£`ò ‰`ú¬`Ωå zZ „`ùe ‰`ò ‚`≈úZ¨`≈øú Î`øì £`õ :‚`ù¬`Ö
/y¨ú£øú Æ•≤≈Ö
?‰•ï£û Õçd Õã£¿é ‰Ö zZ ‰ò ¨≈çf ‰®≈•ú „ûZ ‰Ö xZ¬•≈õ £¡Ö£•ò „ûZ x¨úZ¬ã £Ö £ûÚ '
f£``º¿ûZ ‰``Ö Õ``çd ˙``≈æñ f£``≈±Ö y¨``ì £``¡¿Ü ;wZ ydZ¨``ú fZÆ``ñ ›``≈∫©Ü df¬``õ ˙``èZ x£``Ög ‰``Ö Ø``ôÆ``ù Zf ¬``µçfZ „``õ '
df¬``õ Zf Á``¢£``ùØ``≈´úÚ wdÆ``õ gZ }f£``≈±Ö /Õ``çZ Æ``û≠``à x£``ºõZ }f£``ò „``≈¿å ‰``ò Õ``±ù —``êZz ‰``•ºú „``ûZ v£``äÆ``¡Ö ;¨``úZ ydg
J
Î``¶õ ,¨``¿•±ù [¬``ã w£``ì f¬``µÖ zZ }£``ù ‰``•πô gZ Á``ãÆ``Ö /¨``úZ ‰``•é¬``ú ¬``µçfZ yf£``Öfd xZÆ``Ωûd ‰``ò ¨``¿ù¨``≈õ fZÆ``ñ ‰``∑ö£``µõ
¨```≈ò£```Ü ¨```úZ¬```•≈õ d¬```ã }£```®Ö ‰```ò d¬```Ö ydÆ```ò tfd Zf Á```¢£```ùØ```≈å „```≈¿´øù zZ /@Õ```òÆ```ä Á```Ö tÆ```©•õA :}zf j¨```≈ò£```Ü
/¨é£Ö zZ ›≈øì \Æ≈≥Ö z }¨¿õdÆã df¬õ fd Á≥™≤õ
‰``ú z ‰``•éZd ‰``§ú£``â ‰``øù z Õ``ç¨``ºû Á``•ã£```¿é zZ £``ûÚ ‰``ò Õ``çZ „```ûZ ‚``û¬``ΩÖ ‚``•çZ¬`` ™≈õ „``õ ‰``ò Zf ‰``´úÚ '
?‚ù gZ Z¨â z flπ¿õ
Õ``ã£``¿éA gZ £``øé f¬``∂¿õ ?¨``≈û£``øú x£``≈Ö Æ``Ü —``êZz Á``øò Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ¨``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``ûÚ ,Á``â£``¿≤ûÆ``ò :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
?Õ±≈å @Õ稺û
fl``û ‰``ò ‰``ú¬``Ωú£``ø¡Ö /¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd ÷``™≤õ }Z ‰``èÆ``ì fd z y¨``é fl``π¿õ Á``•ã£``¿é ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ ¨``¿õÆ``¿ù fl``û '
///ÕçZ Æ≈ôZÆï z ‰§ú£â ‰øù Á•ã£¿é }zf £õ Õ§©è £õZ /¨úZ¬•≈õ ¨¿ø≤úZd
/// „ûZÆÖ£¿Ö ,ÕçZ x£±úZ flû v£äÆ¡Ö ¨¿õÆ¿ù flû [¬ã :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/ÕçZ Á¿≈∑õ ’™Ö ·õ£é ,‰•ï£û ÁçÆ•çd xZ¨Ö zZ ‰ò Zf Á•ã£¿é xÚ £õZ '
f¬∂¿õ „ûZÆÖ£¿Ö ,dfZd fZÆñ Æ¿ù £Ö m£`§ÜfZ fd ÷`™≤õ ·`ºé xÚ £`û „`ûZ fd v£`äÆ`¡Ö zZ Õ`ã£`¿é :y¨`¿¿ò vZ¬`ç
£``ûÚ /„``≈∑õ o¬``ê¬``õ fl``û £``Ö ‰``µÖZf fd £``û z ,dfZd fZÆ``ñ „``≈∑õ ydz¨``©õ fl``û fd zZ Õ``ã£``¿é ‰`` ò Õ``çZ f¬``µ¿ûZ £``øé
?d¬Ö „≈øù ZØ®õ z flπ¿õ Á•ã£¿é gZ £øé f¬∂¿õ
/侅 '
?dfZd }d¬øú ‰å z yd¬Ö ‰ú¬Ωå ·õ£ò z ‰§ú£â ‰øù Á•ã£¿é y£ΩúÚ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd f¬¥ä Áú£±úZ v£øìZ Áõ£øÜ fd ‰ò '
fd£``ñ Õ``ã£``¿é £``ûÚ ‰``ò ‚``ûd¬``øú Zf vZ¬``ç „``ûZ d¬``ã gZ £``õ ‰``ø¡¿ûZ £``Ö /Õ``çZ ‚``¡õ f£``≈±Ö ‰``•ºú fl``û „``ûZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
fd ‰``ò ¨``çÆ``≈õ Æ``∂¿Ö ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ ?¨``ùd fZÆ``ñ d¬``ã Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü Zf Æ``ºï dÆ``òf£``ò Á``õ£``øÜ ,ddÆ``ô Ø``∏õ Á``¿ézf ·``õ£``ì Õ``çZ
‰``•ºú „``ûZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ ?Õ``çZ Õ``çfd „``ûZ £``ûÚ /¨``¿º≈õ Æ``≈≈∏Ü Ø``∏õ }d£``õ Õ``≈ö£``∑ï Á``õ£``øÜ ,}fZ≠``ôÆ``≈á£``Ü „``≈¿å \f¬``è
gZ £``õ f¬``∂¿õ £``ûÚ /‚```≈¿ò aÆ``µõ Zf Õ``ã£```¿é Õ``≈æò ‰``Ö m¬``ÖÆ``õ vZ¬``ç ‚``≈úZ¬```•≈õ xÚ gZ¨```∑Ö ,‚```≈û£```øú ›```≈ñd ı¢Z¨```•ÖZ Zf
fl``øò £``Ö ‰``º¿ûZ z ?¨``ùd Æ``≈≈∏Ü z ydZd fZÆ``ñ Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Zf Ø``∏õ Õ``≈ö£``∑ï ‰``ò Õ``çZ Á``¢zÆ``≈ú dÆ``ºæøì ,Õ``ã£``¿é
 /dÆ≈Ω≈õ fZÆñ \z£π•õ Õû£∏Ö }dÆòf£ò fd Ø∏õ }fZ≠ô Æ≈á£Ü „ûZ
¨``ùZ¬``ã }zf £``®¿ûZ fd ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Ø``≈´úÚ „``ûZ /Õ``çZ „``≈øù Æ``ç Õ``§©è ‰``øù /¨``≈û¬``Ω≈õ Õ``çfd ·``õ£``ò f¬``µÖ '
/侅 ,dZd
}fZ≠``ô Æ``≈á£``Ü „``ûZ ;Õ``±≈ú }d£``õ }¨`ú̀zf gZ Á``é£`ú̀ £``ù }fZ≠``ô Æ``≈á£``Ü „``ûZ Á``õ£``øÜ Y£``≤¿õ ‰``ò ‚``≈û¬``Ω≈õ £``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dfZ¨ú Á•æì ”≈ù
/dfZ¨ú Á•æì ”≈ù ,‰æÖ '
/ÕçZ Á∫≈∫ä }hÆúZ flû gZ }d¬øú x£õg „≈ì fd £õZ :‚ù¬Ö
?¨é£Ö Õæì ¨ñ£ï ‰ò dfZd d¬âz }dƺæøì ıç£çZ £ûÚ /ÕçZ ·≈èZ z ÷ö£ã }hÆúZ flû „ûZ '
/ÕçZ x£õg ‰Ö ‰•±ÖZz yfZ¬øù Õæì /dÆ≈ô }£â x£õg fd ‰º¿ûZ xz¨Ö ‚¡úÚ ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
}d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û i£``çZ Æ``Ö ‰``ò Zf \£``≈ ä y¬``≈é z ·``ºé Á``õ£``øÜ ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ ‰``ñÆ``â „``ûZ ‰``º¿ûZ Æ``Ωûd \f£``§∑Ö '
/¨ùd Æ≈≈∏Ü ı∫≈øì ,‰•ïÆô ·ºé
yd£``ç f¬``µÖ ZÆ``úÚ ‚``≈ùZ¬``™Ö Æ``ôZ ,}d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à fl``û xZ¬``¿∑Ö £``õ Á``ô¨``úg ,‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ x£``Üf¬``∂¿õ £``ûÚ :‚``ù¬``Ö
Á``¢£``•çZf fd Zf d¬``ã ·``≈öd „``≈ø¡Ö z ,‰``•éZd dÆ``òf£``ò Á``ºûf£``Ü ‰``§é fl``û fd \¨``õ Á``õ£``øÜ fd ‰``ò yd¬``Ö f¬``µ¿ûZ ,‚``ûÆ``Ω¿Ö
?ÕçZ ydZd fZÆñ ÁïZÆ©úZ
J
·``øì Á``ºûf£``Ü fd ,Á``úZd£``ú fd r¬``ï }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à /Õ``çZ Á``∫≈ñd Î``õ£``ò ‰``•πô /‰``•ïf ’``≈à Á``ºûf£``Ü fd ‰``æÖ '
df¬``õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Ø``≈å „``ûZ /¨``¿º≈õ „``ézf Zf }d£``õ ¨``úzf „``ûZ }£``ù ‰``èÆ``ì Á``õ£``øÜ Õ``ã£``¿é gZ Æ``á£``•õ ‰``ñÆ``â z /¨``¿º≈õ
/Õ±ù „õ ¨≈ò£Ü
xZ¨``Ö Á``∫µ¿õ f¬``µÖ xZ¬```•≈õ ‰``º≈û£``®úÚ £``Ü Á```¿ézf z Á``ºûf£``Ü ‰``ò ‚```≈û¬``ΩÖ ‚``≈•±úZ¬``•≈õ £``õ „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö :‚```ù¬``Ö
Zf Á`ºûf£`Ü fd dÆ`ºæøì ‰`çzÆ`à ‰`ò dfZd d¬`âz }f¬`ú v£`äÆ`¡Ö £`õZ /¨`¿é£`Ö ‰``•éZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ x£``õØ``øù ¨``¿úZ¬``•≈øú ,Õ``±ûÆ``Ωú
/¨ù¨≈õ Æ≈≈∏Ü
J
/ÕçZ Õçfd Îõ£ò '
?ÕçZ ‰ñÆâ }Æ≈ô ·ºé ·õ£ì }Ø≈å ‰å £õZ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
fl``ûf£``Ü Á``û£``¥ï fd \£``≈ä }d£``õ ¨``úzf /‚``ûzÆ``Ö ’``≈à w¨``ñ ‰``Ö w¨``ñ ‰``ò ‚``æû£``õ „``õ /‚``ûZ y¨``≈çÆ``ú g¬``¿ù £``®úÚ ‰``Ö '
}£``≈úd }£``¡ûf£``®¿ù£``ú z £``¡ûÆ``ç –``≈ô z £``¡≈ø∂ú Á``Ö „``ûZ Á``õ£``øÜ y¨``úfzÚ d¬``â¬``Ö z dÆ``§≈õ Æ``±Ö Á``ø∂ú Á``Ö fd z ydÆ``ò f£``ò
xÚ w¬``¡πõ z /¨``¿º≈õ £``®Ö£``â Zf Á``ºûf£``Ü ,Õ``ã£``¿é gZ Á``é£``ú ‰``ñÆ``â £``õZ /Õ``çZ yd¬``Ö wdÆ``õ yÆ``õgzf Á``ô¨``úg fd z Á``ú¬``¿ò
/¨¿º≈øú ·øì Áºûf£Ü fd ÆΩûd ,Ø∏õ dƺæøì }d£õ ¨úzf „ûZ gZ ‘à ‰ò ÕçZ ‰ú¬Ω¿ûZ
x£``ò£``øò f¬``ú ,ddÆ``ô ¬``©õ ‰``ñÆ``â Æ``ôZ /‚``≈û£``øú ÷``™≤õ Zf }Æ``Ωûd Ø``≈å fl``û ¨``≈û£``≈Ö £``õZ /Õ``çZ Õ``çfd :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨ú£ø≈õ Áñ£Ö
/ÕçZ f¬ú x£øù ‰ñÆâ ,Õ磮úÚ fd x£ò£øò f¬ú '
,}fZ≠`ô Æ`≈á£`Ü ‰`Ö Á`Ö£`≈•çd gZ ‘`à £`õZ /¨`é£`§≈õ ‚`≈∫•±õ Æ`≈ î k£`ã }Z ‰`∂©ö fd ‰`ñÆ`â xÚ Õ`ûd¬`â¬`õ :‚`ù¬`Ö
/‰ñÆâ ‰ú z ÕéZd ¨ùZ¬ã dÆòf£ò f¬ú xÚ gZ ‘à
?¨û¬≤≈õ ·¢£ñ \z£πÜ ‰ñÆâ z f¬ú „≈Ö £øé ZÆå '
÷``™≤õ ‰``∂©ö fl``û fd ‰``ò dfZd ¨``≈ò£``Ü }Ø``≈å ‰``Ö @‰``ñÆ``âA ‰``øæò ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ £``¡¿Ü z £``¡¿Ü ’``æ≈öd :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨Ö£≈≈õ Õûd¬â¬õ
/侅 '
/dÆ≈Ω≈õ ·ºé k£ã }Z ‰∂©ö fd £¡¿Ü z £¡¿Ü Õã£¿é ‰ò ‚≈û¬Ω≈õ £õ ,¨≈úZ¨≈õ :‚ù¬Ö
/‚ûzÆÖ ’≈à ÆÜ ‰•±ùÚ ‰èÆì „ûZ fd Õ±û£§≈õ £õ '
/dZd —≈ê¬Ü Zf ‚≈ù£πõ xZ¬•≈øú ‰ò \£øæò ÁúZ¬Ü£ú z x£Ög \κ≤õ gZ Áé£ú ÕçZ }Z ‰æÀ±õ „ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
?ÕçZ Áú£Ög ·º≤õ „ûZ ı∑ñZz £ûÚ '
;d¬`≤≈õ Á`ìZ¨`Ü rÆÖ̀ z ¨`ìf x¬`´øù }Ø`≈å y£`ΩúÚ ,¨`ûÆ`Ö f£`ºÖ Zf @‰`ñÆ`âA ‰`øæò £`øé Æ`ôZ £`õZ ,‰`ú ¨`û£`é :‚`ù¬`Ö
‰``º≈ú£``õg £``Ü ,¨``ú£``ø≈õ Á``ñ£``Ö Á``ºûf£``Ü x£``ò£``øò Æ``Ωûd }Z ‰``∂©ö fd £``õZ ,¨``ù¨``≈õ f¬``ú „``≈∑õ ‰``∂©ö fl``û fd ‰``ò }Ø``≈å
/¨ûÚ d¬â¬Ö ÁñÆÖ z ¨ìf ÆΩûdf£Ö
/¨¿•±≈ú x£±ºû o¬ê¬õ zd „ûZ £õZ '
?¨ú£ø≈õ Áñ£Ö „ézf x£ò£øò z ,d¬≤≈õ „ézf ‰∂©ö flû fd f¬ú „ûZ £ûÚ ?ÕçZ ‰ú¬Ωå ‘à :‚ù¬Ö
£``û z @¨``ú£``ø≈õ Á``ñ£``Ö „``ézfA :‚``≈û¬``Ω≈õ ‰``ò Á``•ñz ‚``¡úÚ ‚``≈¿º≈õ Æ``ºï x£``õg }£``•çZf fd g¬``¿ù £``õ x¬``å /‰``ú '
/@d¬≤≈õ j¬õ£ãA
Á`±òÆ`ù ‰`ò Õ`çZ ˘Z¬`ç „`ûZ x¬`å ,‚`≈ùd —`≈ê¬`Ü Æ`Ü ÷`™≤õ z Æ`Ü —`êZz Zf ‰`•ºú „`ûZ Õ`±û£`§≈õ £`õ :‚`ù¬`Ö
/¨û£øú aÆë ÕçZ „ºøõ
/·``≈§ñ „``ûZ gZ z Á``úZd£``ú fd ,£``ù ‰``•±úZd z ’``úZd fd ,x£``õg fd ,dfZd dÆ``ºæøì Á``ºûf£``Ü fd }d£``õ ‰``çzÆ``à '
d¬``ã ‰``ò ,¨``Ö£``≈≈õ dÆ``òf£``ò ‰``≤û¨``úZ y£``ΩúÚ z /dzÆ``≈õ „``≈Ö gZ Á``ºûf£``Ü ,¨``é£``Ö x£``≈õ fd Õ``ã£``¿é gZ Õ``§©è £``®¿ûZ fd Æ``ôZ
„``ûZ ·``≈öd „``≈ø¡Ö /‰``•éZd dÆ``ºæøì „``ûZ gZ Æ``•≤≈à ‰``ò ‰``ú¬``ΩúZ¨``Ö z ,Á``ºûf£``Ü fd ‰``ú £``õZ ,Õ``çZ }d£``õ }Z ‰``çzÆ``à d¬``øú
/¨ù¨≈õ x£û£à xZ¨Ö ,d¬é ‰•πô ÕçZ Æ•¡Ö ,‰ú ' ¨ù¨≈õ Æ≈≈∏Ü Zf ÁúZd£ú ,f¬ú „ûZ z ‰ñÆâ
J
/dfZd }£â ‰≤û¨úZ }Z¬•©õ fd Îøì Áºûf£Ü „ûZ ‰ò ‚≈û¬Ω≈õ £õ „ûZÆÖ£¿Ö :‚ù¬Ö
/ÕçZ Áºûf£Ü x£øù d¬ã Z¬•©õ '
/dƧ≈õ „≈Ö gZ Zf ÁúZd£ú f¬ú „ûZ y£ΩúÚ /ÕçZ Õçfd „ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
/d¬≤≈õ d¬Ö£ú Z¬•©õ /ÕçZ Õçfd ‰æÖ '
Z¬``•©õ gZ g¬``¿ù £``õ ‰``ò Æ``ë£``ã „``ûZ ‰``Ö ,‚``ûÆ``§Ö ’``≈à Zf Œ``©§õ „``ûZ Õ``ñd £``Ö x£``ò£``øò Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ £``õZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
⁄`ñZz Á`¿≈∑õ Õ`≈∑êz fd ‰`ò ‰`´úÚ ‰`øù xZ¬`¿∑Ö ,¨`≈úZ¨`≈õ ‰`ò f¬`µú£`øù ;‚`ûÆ`≈Ω≈õ Æ`∂ú fd Zf ‰`øæò „`ûZ qf£`∑•õ w¬``¡πõ
/xÚ gZ ’≈Ö }Ø≈å Á•ä z ¨údÆΩ≈õ
/ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë '
„``≈Ö gZ Zf Z¬``•©õ „``ûZ Á``õ£``øÜ Á``û£``¿ézf „``ûZ ‰``ò ‚``≈¿ò ¨``≈ò£``Ü ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈øú £``õ Õ``¡â „``ûZ ‰``Ö :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dƧ≈õ
/ÕçZ ydÆÖ „≈Ö gZ Zf Áºûf£Ü ØòÆõ f¬ú „ûZ '
/Zf Áºûf£Ü y¨¿¿ûÆïÚ ,ZÆúÚ y¨úfzÚ ¨û¨à ,ZÆúÚ ‰≤ûf ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
 /ÕçZ ydÆÖ „≈Ö gZ ,¨é£Ö d¬ã x£øù ‰ò Zf Áºûf£Ü „ûZ ØòÆõ f¬ú „ûZ ?v¬§ñ /Zf @d¬ãA '
f¬``∑é gZ Á``≤™Ö xÚ ' ¨``é£``§≈õ f¬``∑é }Z¬``•©õ gZ Á``≤™Ö ‰``ò ,Zf d¬``ã „``ûZ ,f¬``ú ‚``≈û¬``ΩÖ ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dÆÖ Áõ „≈Ö gZ ' ÕçZ Á•ö£ä „≈¿å y¨¿≤™Ö wzZ¨Ü z yd¬Ö Áºûf£Ü ØòÆõ ‰ò
/Õ±úZd y¨é w£øÜ xZ¬•≈õ Zf ‰•ºú „ûZ ,‰æÖ '
„``≈¿å ‰``ò }f¬``∑é z Ø``òÆ``õ „``ûZ /d¬``Ö ¨``ù£``é Zf }Ø``∏õ }£``¡ö¬``æç fd Á``ºûØ``≈ï ˘¬``©Ü xZ¬``•≈õ x£``±¿û¨``Ö z :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨¿º≈õ Æ≈≈∏Ü ÷™≤õ f¬µÖ ,¨é£§≈õ }Ø∏õ }£¡ö¬æç d¬øú gZ Á≥™≤õ Õö£ä z Õ≈∑êz z ydZd ·ºé Zf }ØòÆõ
J
£``Ö £``õ m£``§ÜfZ fd ÷``ãÍ£``Ö ,Õ``çZ fZdf¬``ãÆ``Ö }Z yd£``∑öZ rf£``ã Õ``≈øùZ gZ ‰``•ºú „``ûZ EÕ``çZ Õ``çfd Î``õ£``ò '
£``õ Á``ô¨``úg fd Zf ‰``ñÆ``â „``ûZ }Ø``≈å ‰``å ;ddÆ``Ω≈õ aÆ``ë }¨``∑Ö vZ¬``ç v£``ä /}Ø``≈åÆ``ù £``Ö m£``§ÜfZ fd ˙``ò f¬``µÖ z ‰``∑õ£``â
‰``ú¬``Ωå —``æè z ’``õZfÚ ?ddÆ``Ω≈õ fZ¨``û¨``à ‰``ú¬``Ωå ›``≤ì /‚``≈û£``øú aÆ``ë ZÆ``¿ûZ }Æ``Ωûd ‰``ú¬``ΩÖ ¨``≈û£``≈Ö ?dg£``±≈õ Æ``û≠``à x£``ºõZ
d¬``â¬``Ö ,dfZ¨``ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù ‰``ò }Ø``≈å ‰``ú¬``Ωå /dfZd Õ``æì Õ``ú¬``≤ã ‰``ºúÚ v£``ä ,dfZ¨``ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù ’``õZfÚ ?¨``ûÛ``≈õ d¬``â¬``Ö
£``û z ‰``ú¬``ΩåA ”``≈ù £``®¿ûZ fd ?ydf¬``ã yÆ``ô v¬``æ∑õ z Õ``æì gZ }Z yÆ``≈®úg fd „``õ Á``ô¨``úg Á``õ£``øÜ ‰``º≈ú£``õg ‚``¡úÚ ,¨``ûÛ``≈õ
fd q£``èzZ „``ûZ £``Ö ;ddÆ``Ω≈õ Õ``æì v£``§úd x£``ò£``øò @f¬``µåA df¬``õ fd ˘Z¬``ç aÆ``ë ?¨``≈∫ïZ¬``õ ' dfZ¨``ú d¬``âz @}f¬``µå
/Õ±≈ú x£≈õ fd ‰ú¬Ωå z f¬µå df¬õ fd Á•§©è ‰ú¬Ω´≈ù £®¿ûZ
Æ``ë£``™Ö ıïÆ``è ?„``≈øù ÿ``∫ï ,Õ``çZ d¬``â¬``õ d¬``ã }d¬``™Ö ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Ø``≈å „``ûZ ¨``≈û¬``ΩÖ ¨``≈ùZ¬``™≈õ :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
///ÕçZ }d¬âz Õæì ¨ñ£ï ‰º¿ûZ
/ÕçZ Áò£úƵã f£≈±Ö ‰ûÆ∂ú „ûZ /dfZd d¬âz }Ø≈å „≈¿å ‰ò ‚û¬Ω≈øú „õ ,‰ú '
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd Õûd¬â¬õ Õ±û£§≈õ „≈∑õ ‰∂©ö flû fd v£äÆ¡Ö Ø≈å „ûZ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/Õ±≈ú d¬â¬õ ÆΩûd ,dfZd d¬âz xÚ ‰ò ¨≈û¬Ω≈õ £øé ‰ò }Z ‰∂©ö gZ ,‰ú '
‰``Ö ·``û¨``§Ü z ,f¬``∑é gZ Á``≤™Ö ‰``Ö ·``û¨``§Ü d¬``ã ,xZ¨``Ö Á``éÆ``Ωú „``≈¿å £``Ö ‰``ò Õ``ç£``®¿ûZ fd ‰``≈¥ñ Æ``µã :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨≈•±ù ‰â¬•õ ,ddÆΩ≈õ ‰•±úZd
£``¡¿Ü ‰``æÀ±õ „``ûZ /¨``ûZ y¨``é zÆ``Özf ‰``æÀ±õ „``ûZ £``Ö ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Ø``∏õ }£``¡ö¬``æç fd ˘¬``©Ü d£``®ûZ £``Ö̀ £``¡¿Ü £``øé '
‚``≈û¬``ΩÖ ‰``ò ‚``û¨``≈çf ‰``µ∫ú „``ûZ ‰``Ö £``õ v£``ä z /Õ``çZ yd¬``øú gzÆ``Ö ‚``ûZ ydZd w£``®úZ ‰``ò }Z ‰``¶ä£``§õ „``û¨``¿å Õ``é≠``ô gZ ‘``à
d¬``ã fd Á``•æì ‰``ò ‰``´úÚ Á``õ£``øÜÆ```Ö f¬``ú z ‰``ñÆ``â „``ûZ ‰``º¿ûZ z ;dfZ¨``ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù ,Á``û£``¿ézf z f¬``ú „```ûZ ,‰``ñÆ``â „``ûZ
z y¨``úg£``ç ‰``ò Õ``æì „``ûZ ‰``Ö̀ ,dfZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ Á``ºûf£``Ü /¨``¿º≈õ ‰``§æî Á``ºûf£``Ü Æ``Ö Æ``Ωûd \f£``§∑Ö ;¨``Ö£``≈≈õ dÆ``òf£``ò ,‰``•éZd
H
yd¬``ø≈à ‚``ù £``Ö £``õ Zf yZf }£``®¿ûZ £``Ü /Õ``çZ „``≈øù fd wÎ``ò œ``ö /dfZd Õ``ûd¬``â¬``õ @d¬``ãA Á``¿∑û ,Á``ºûf£``Ü y¨``úfzÚ d¬``â¬``Ö
‰ñÆâ „ûZ ‰ú¬Ωå ‰º¿ûZ £Ö ‰µÖZf fd ˘Z¬`ç Æ`ù ‚`û¬`Ω≈õ „`õ y£`ΩúÚ /¨`ù¨`≈õ bfH ˘¬`©Ü £`®¿ûZ fd ·`≈öd „`≈ø¡Ö z /‚`ûZ
Á``ïZÆ``©úZ ˘Z¬``ç ,¨``ù¨``≈õ }zf r£``πÜZ „``ûZ ‰``ú¬``Ωå ‰``º¿ûZ £``û z ,d¬``øú Ã``±ò xZ¬``•≈õ Zf Õ``ã£``¿é gZ Á``é£``ú ‰``æ∑é „``ûZ z
/Õ±≈ú x£≈õ fd f¬µå z ‰ú¬Ωå gZ ÁïÆä ”≈ù £®¿ûZ fd /ÕçZ
£``®¿ûZ fd z ,Õ``çZ Á``ºûf£``Ü £``®¿ûZ fd £``õZ ,Õ``±≈ú x£``≈õ fd }f¬``µå z ‰``ú¬``Ωå ”``≈ù £``®¿ûZ fd :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
/ÕçZ f¬ú
„``ûZ „``øÖ ¨``≈ùZ¬```™Ö £``øé Æ``ôZ /Õ``çZ }fzÆ```êÆ``≈î @‰``ú¬``ΩåA „``ûZ ZÆ``å ‰``ò ¨`` `≈¿ò tfd Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ Z¨``•ÖZ '
?¨≈∫ïZ¬õ /¨ûZ ‰•≤ôÆÖ Áºûf£Ü ‰Ö x£ò£øò £øé ÆõZ ⁄ñZz fd ,¨≈ùd x£≤ú Zf ÁΩú¬Ωå
 /‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
ıç£``çZ ¨``≈û£``≈Ö ,‰``•§öZ z ,wfZd }Æ``Ωûd vZ¬``ç „``õ /Õ``çZ }Ø``≈ΩúZ [£``®ìZ f£``ò ,ddÆ``ô tfd o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ Æ``ôZ '
xZzZ x£``øù gZ Õ``ã£``¿é „``ûZ ZÆ``å ?‚``≈•±ù Õ``ã£``¿é ¨``ñ£``ï £``õ ZÆ``å :‚``≈ùd fZÆ``ñ ‰``ñZ¨``õ df¬``õ Æ``Ωûd }Z ‰``ú¬``ô ‰``Ö Zf ‰``≈¥ñ
?¨¿º≈øú Z¨≈à dÆòf£ò £õ fd Áòd¬ò
H
///d¬≤≈õ v£§úd £õ Áô¨úg ‰ò Áézf ,Ãã :‚ù¬Ö
„``≈¿å ‰``Ö „``õ ?Õ``çZ o£``ø•âZ gZ ?Õ``ç£``õ Õ``≈ÖÆ``Ü gZ Á``é£``ú £``ûÚ /‚``çÆ``Ö ‰``≈¥ñ „``ûZ ‰``¿ò ‰``Ö ‚``ùZ¬``™≈õ „``õ ,‰``ú '
?¨≈•±ù ‰â¬•õ ,‚•±≈ú ¨∫•∑õ }Ø≈å
H
?¨é£Ö ¨úZ¬•≈õ ‰å ‘à Ãã :‚ù¬Ö
„`ûZ £`õ ZÆ`å /‚`≈ùd fZÆ`ñ Á`çfÆ`Ö df¬`õ Zf ‰`•ºú „`ûZ ‚`æû£`õ ?¨`¿º≈õ £`πûZ ’`∫ú }Æ``Ωûd ·``õ£``ì £``®¿ûZ fd £``ûÚ '
/¨é£Ö Á∑≈§ë ˙≈ã ¨úZ¬•≈õ Õã£¿é „•éZd ‰ºúÚ v£ä ?‚ûfZ¨ú Zf Õ㣿é
‰``•éZd ’``∫ú }Z y¨``úfZdg£``Ö ·``õ£``ì £``®¿ûZ fd Õ``±û£``§≈õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ ¨``çÆ``≈õ „``ùe ‰``Ö ‰``ò }Ø``≈å „``≈özZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨é£Ö
Õ``ã£``¿é „``ûZ ZÆ``å /Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ë f£``≈±Ö ‰``•ºú „``ûZ @‹``öZA }ZÆ``Ö /¨``¿º≈õ y¬``æâ Á``∑≈§ë o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ £``õZ '
z ‚``≈æ∑Ü ,‚``≈¿ò Õ``§©è £``¡•ûdz¨``©õ yf£``Öfd £``õ Æ``ôZ ?Õ``±≈ú Æ``û≠``ßú£``ºõZ Õ``ã£``¿é „``ûZ ZÆ``å ?Õ``±≈ú Á``∑≈§ë x£``Ωøù }ZÆ``Ö
Á``ìZ¨``Ü xÚ gZ Á``õ¬``¡πõ „``≈¿å y£``ΩúÚ ;¨``¿®¿Ω≈õ ˘¬``æ∑õ z Õ``æì ydz¨``©õ fd £``¡úÚ ‰``øù ‰``ò ,·``≈§ñ „``ûZ gZ z Õ``≈ÖÆ``Ü
·``û¨``§Ü Á``•æì ‰``Ö Õ``ã£``¿é x£``±¿û¨``Ö z ddÆ``ô Õ``ã£``¿é g£``ç ‰``¿≈õg ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ ⁄``úZ¬``õ „``•éZdÆ``Ö yZfÆ``ç gZ f£``ΩúZ ‰``ò ¨``é ¨``ùZ¬``ã
J
Á``∑≈§ëÆ``≈î Î``õ£``ò }Ø``≈å £``®¿ûZ fd /d¬``Ö ‚``≈ùZ¬``ã Õ``òÆ``ä fd ˙``§ñ }£``•çZf x£``øù fd x£``ò£``øò £``õ x£``±¿û¨``Ö z /d¬``≤≈õ
/dfZd fZÆñ
///¨úZ y¨é fZ¨û¨à Á∑úZ¬õ ‰ò ¨é£Ö „ûZ x£Üf¬∂¿õ ÆôZ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/d¬≤≈õ ydÆÖ f£ºÖ Áºûf£Ü fd ‰ò ÕçZ Áú£Ög x£øù „ûZ ;wÆ§Ö f£ºÖ Zf ‰øæò „ûZ ‰ò ‚•±≈ú ·û£õ „õ '
/¨úÆ≈Ω≈õ Zf Õ㣿é dÆòf£ò }¬æâ ,⁄úZ¬õ ‰ò ¨≈û¬ΩÖ ¨û£Ö ‘à :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/wÆ≈ΩÖ ‰æè£ï ⁄úZ¬õ „ûZ gZ ‰ò ‚æû£õ „õ £õZ /ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë '
„``ûZ ‰``ò ‚``ûdÆ``ò x£``≤ú Æ``ë£``ã £``õ /@Á``ºûf£``Ü Ø``òÆ``õA gZ ‰``ºæÖ ,⁄``úZ¬``õ gZ ‰``ú :d¬``é ‰``•πô Æ``ôZ Æ``•∫≈ñd ‰``•§öZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/ddÆΩ≈õ Áºûf£Ü wzZ¨Ü ·õ£ì ØòÆõ
?dfZ¨ú fZÆñ dÆï Æù Õ∑≈§ë fd Á•ã£¿é „≈¿´¿ûZ ZÆå '
/Õ磮≈øù ‰æÀ±õ :‚ù¬Ö
J
?ÕçZ „ézf z —êZz Îõ£ò „õ vZ¬ç £ûÚ ?¨ù¨≈øú }zf Á∑≈§ë f¬µÖ x£Ωøù }ZÆÖ ›≤ì ZÆå '
·``ºé i£``±äZ „``ûZ dZÆ``ïZ Á``ãÆ``Ö }ZÆ``Ö x¬``å ,d¬``øú —``ûÆ``≤Ü Æ``•∫≈ñd ¨``û£``§≈õ Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‚``¿º≈õ Æ``ºï „``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
‰``Ö x£``±úZ ,Á``¿≈∑õ rÆ``ë fd Õ``≈ÖÆ``Ü z ¨``éf Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü „``º≈öz ,dfZd d¬``âz £``¡ú£``±úZ ‰``øù fd ı∑§ë ›``≤ì ‰``ò dÆ``≈Ω≈õ
/ddÆΩ≈õ Æ≈çZ \Æπú z ‰¿≈ò wZd ‰Ö ÁõZfÚ
/wfZ¨ú fz£Ö „ûZ ‰Ö „õ '
Zf ’ÖZ¬â ,d¬≤≈õ zÆÖ̀zf Æ`π¿Ü £Ö̀ ‰`ò Á`•ñz ·`πë fl`û ,¨`é£Ö̀ £`ø é Æ`∂ú¨`õ Õ`±û£`§≈õ Á`êÆ`ï „`≈¿å ‘`à :‚`ù¬Ö̀
 /¨ù¨≈øú Æπ¿Ü £Ö
/ÕçZ f¬µ¿≈øù ,‰æÖ '
Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ë ,d¬``≤≈õ zÆ``Özf Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö ‰``ò Á``òd¬``ò :Õ``πô ¨``¿ùZ¬``ã ‰``ò dZÆ``ïZ }f£``≈±Ö ¨``¿•±ù ‰``ºúÚ v£``ä :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨ùd gzÆÖ d¬ã gZ Æπ¿Ü £Ö yZÆøù Á≤¿òZz ‰ò
Æ``§è ‰``∂©ö fl``û ?ZÆ``å ‰``ò wd¬``Ö ydÆ``ò vZ¬``ç „``õ ‰``º≈ú£``õg /wZ y¨``≈¿é —``§è gzÆ``õZ „``≈øù „``õ ZÆ``¿ûZ ,‰``æÖ '
‰`ò Á`ÜZÆ`≈á£`Ü z ,y¨`é ’`•§©è ‰`ò Zf Á`∑úZ¬`õ „``ûZ Á``õ£``øÜ £``Ö ,vZ¬``äZ z o£``êzZ z ÿ``¢ZÆ``é „``ûZ Á``õ£``øÜ £``Ö @‹``öZA E¨``≈¿ò
/‰``•ïÆ``Ωú fZÆ``ñ Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü £``¡úÚ ÿ``ç¬``Ü v£``ä „``≈ì fd £``õZ ,Õ``çZ y¨``é zÆ``Özf £``¡úÚ £``Ö ,¨``¿é£``Ö ‰``•éZd zZ }zf ¨``¿•±úZ¬``•≈õ
?¨ù¨≈øú }zf x£Ωøù }ZÆÖ @‹öZA Õ≈∑êz ZÆå v£ä
“``ç£``à Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö Zf Æ``π¿Ü ‰``ò Õ``±≈ú Á``∑≈§ë Æ``õZ „``ûZ ZÆ``å ‰``ò ‚``ûg£``ç „``ézf Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/dZd
/¨≈¿ò g£Ö Zf o¬ê¬õ ¨≈úZ¬•≈õ /[¬ã '
Õ`±≈ú Á`µ¢ZÆ`é fd td¬`ò /¨``¿ò gzÆ``Ö ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Á``≤¿òZz „``≈¿å ‚``ù }Z y¨``ûZÆ``ù „``•ïÆ``ô Æ``∂ú fd xz¨`Ö̀ Á``•ä :‚``ù¬`Ö̀
J
Î``õ£``ò f£``•ïf „``ûZ :d¬``Ö ¨``¿ùZ¬``ã Á``ì¨``õ ‰``ò ‚``û¬``≤≈õ zÆ``Özf }dZÆ``ïZ £``Ö £``®¿ûZ fd /¨``¿ò Æ``ºï Ø``≈å ‰``øù ‰``Ö Õ``§±ú ‰``ò
///Õç£õ ÁúZ¬≈ä Õ∑≈§ë gZ Áé£ú yØûÆî flû „ûZ ,ÕçZ }ØûÆî
///ÕçZ yØûÆî flû ,‚≈é£Ö ‰•éZd Æπ¿Ü ‰º¿ûZ /// '
H
/d¬ã gZ o£ïd £û z /¨≈õ£ú xdÆò ‰æÖ£∫õ ZÆúÚ xZ¬•≈õ ,Ãã /// :‚ù¬Ö
/xdÆò ‰æÖ£∫õ '
Æ``ôZ £``õZ ;dZd ¨``ùZ¬``ã “``ç£``à ›``≤ì £``Ö £``øé ‰``Ö ,¨``û¬``é zÆ``Özf Õ``§©õ i£``±äZ £``Ö xZ¬``≈ä fl``û £``Ö Æ``ôZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨≈Ω¿â ¨ùZ¬ã £øé £Ö ,¨≈ùd _Æ™Ö Õú¬≤ã zZ ‰Ö Õ§±ú
/ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë '
/¨¿ò y¨≈´≈à Zf ‰æÀ±õ ¨úZ¬•≈õ „ûZ z :‚ù¬Ö
/侅 '
yfzd Õ``é≠``ô gZ ‘``à £``¡¿Ü ,¨``é£``§≈õ xZ¬``≈ä ¨``¿ú£``øù ı≥™≤õ x£``±úZ ,‰``ò dÆ``ò ¨``¿ùZ¬``ã £``ìdZ Ø``≈ú }dZÆ``ïZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/d¬øú ¨ùZ¬ã tfd ‰Ö ozÆé ‰ò ÕçZ }Z
J
///uÆô ζõ £û z x¬ø≈õ flû ·¶õ Õçfd ,ÕçZ xZ¬≈ä flû ¨¿ú£øù x£±úZ Y£≤¿õ /ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë '
‰`≈§≤Ü z x£`òd¬`ò df¬`õ fd „`õ ‰`•πô ‰`ò ¨`é£`Ö ‰`•éZd ¨`úZ¬`•≈õ Zf i£`±äZ „`ûZ Á`±òÆ`ù ı§ûÆ`∫Ü ,¨`≈¿≈§Ö :‚`ù¬`Ö
f¬``µÖ v£``çdÆ``ã x£``òd¬``ò ZÆ``å ‰``ò d¬``≤≈õ aÆ``µõ vZ¬``ç „``ûZ v£``ä /¨``¿•±ù jÆ``û≠``à ·``Ö£``ñ ,\£``úZ¬``≈ä f£``•ïf £``Ö £``¡úÚ f£``•ïf
?¨úÆ≈Ω≈øú ‰æè£ï ,Æπ¿Ü z Õú¬≤ã ÆÖZÆÖ fd Ø≈õÚ Æπ¿Ü ’¿òZz gZ ‚≈∫•±õ
?ÕçZ „û¨öZz ’∫ú gZ Áé£ú o¬ê¬õ „ûZ £ûÚ '
£``®¿ûZ fd /¨``é£``Ö ‰``¿ºøõ Õ``æì £``¡¿Ü ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú „``û¨``öZz Õ``≈ÖÆ``Ü ‰``ò Õ``çZ f¬``µ¿ûZ £```øé vZ¬``ç }Z¬``•©õ :‚``ù¬```Ö
/Õ磡ïÆä „ûZ gZ ÆÜ ›≈øì f£≈±Ö ‰ò ¨é£Ö ‰•éZd dƺæøì }Ø≈å Õ±û£§≈õ
‚``æû£``õ „``õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Ø``≈å „``ûZ z /¨``é£``Ö }Æ``Ωûd Ø``≈å ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ i£``çZ gZ xÚ g£``ç ‰``¿≈õg ‰``ò w¨``∫•∑õ ,‰``æÖ '
 /‚û£øú ÷™≤õ ZÆúÚ
/¨é£Ö Õ≈øùZ £Ö f£≈±Ö }Ø≈å Õ±û£§≈õ :‚ù¬Ö
‰``ò ‚``¿º≈õ i£``±äZ „``õ /‚``≈ç£``¿≤Ö ZÆ``úÚ ‰``ò ‚``≈¿ò jÎ``Ü ¨``≈û£``≈Ö ?‚``≈û£``øú ‹``≤ò Zf Ø``≈å „``ûZ ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈õ f¬``µå '
J
Æ``∂ú fd ˘¬``æ∑õ z Õ``æì ‰``ûzZg gZ Zf o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ ͬ``ø∑õ £``õ /Õ``ç£``¡ö¬``æ∑õ z Õ``æì gZ \z£``π•õ ·``õ£``ò f¬``µÖ Ø``≈å xÚ
xZ¬``≈ä ıç£``çZ ,d¬``ã }Æ``≈ô ·``ºé }Z¨``•ÖZ x£``øù fd Æ``≤Ö ‰``ò ‚``≈û£``øú aÆ``ë Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ı©ûÆ``è ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``ûÚ /‚``ûÆ``≈Ω≈õ
?ÕçZ yd¬§ú
J
‰```ò ¨```¿û£```ø¿≈õ aÆ```ë Zf ‰```ûÆ```∂ú „```ûZ d¬```â¬```õ }£```¡ûf¬```ÀÜ /Õ```±≈ú „```ézf Î```èZ o¬```ê¬```õ „```ûZ [¬```ã :‚```ù¬```Ö
Zf x£``éd¬``ã o£``µ∫úZÎ``Ö £``¡úÚ ‰``ú¬``Ωå ‰``ò d¬``øú v£``§úd xZ¬``•≈õ Zf Á``µã ,¨``ú̀d¬``øú v¬``©•õ Zf d¬``ã ‰``ò ¨``úZ yd¬``Ö Á``û£``¡ú¬``ø≈õ
x£`øù gZ x£`±úZ ¨`≈û¬`Ω≈õ £`øé ‰`ò Õ`±≈ú ›`≈ñd z —`êZz o¬`ê¬`õ „`ûZ /¨`úZ y¨`≈çf Á`ú¬`¿ò Õ`≈∑êz ‰`Ö z ‰`•ã£`ç v¬`©•õ
/ÕçZ yd¬§ú xZ¬≈ä d¬ã Õûd¬â¬õ }Z¨•ÖZ
¨``ä fd ‰``ò ¨``é£``Ö }Z yØ``ûÆ``î ¨``¿ú£``øù Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ Õ``±û£``§≈õ y£``ΩúÚ ,¨``é£``Ö yd¬``Ö xZ¬``≈ä gZ Æ``≤Ö YZ¨``§õ Æ``ôZ '
/ÕçZ ydÆò Z¨≈à Áπ≈ò v¬©Ü ydÆ•±ô f£≈±Ö
/¨≈®¿ô ¨ùZ¬ã ˘¬æ∑õ z Õæì yÆ≈®úg fd x£ò£øò ‰æÀ±õ ,yØûÆî w£¿Ö Áì¬ê¬õ aÆë £Ö z ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
z y¨```é Œ```©Ö „`` `ûZ ·```ãZd Á```±ò Õ```ö£```ä „```ûZ fd z /d¬```Ö ¨```ùZ¬```ã Á```∑≈§ë }Æ```õZ „```ûZ z ,v¬```æ∑õ z Õ```æì '
?ÕçZ }f¬µ¿ûZ ı∑ñZz £ûÚ :¨û¬Ω≈õ
/‚≈û£øú aƵõ ÆÜ ›≈ñd Zf o¬ê¬õ „ûZ ¨≈û£≈Ö :‚ù¬Ö
,£``õ ‰``º¿ûZ z ,Õ``çZ yd¬``Ö x¬``ø≈õ gZ x£``±úZ ¨``úZ ‰``•πô x£``úZ¨``™ûf£``Ü z xZ¨``¿ø≤úZd ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ „``õ f¬``∂¿õ '
Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö Zf Æ``π¿Ü Á``¿∑û ,‚``≈ù¨``≈õ ‚``≈∫•±õ Á``™ç£``à Æ``π¿Ü z ›``≤ì ‰``Ö \£``úZ¬``≈ä Á``õ£``øÜ ¨``¿ú£``øù Õ``çfd ,Á``ú£``±úZ }£``ùd¬``øú
/‚≈∫•±õ f¬µÖ z
/‚≈ù¨≈õ “ç£à ›≤ì £Ö Zf ›≤ì ,‘ºìÆÖ z :‚ù¬Ö
d¬``ã d¬``âz fd £``¡úÚ x¬``å ,¨``úZ ydZ¨``ú “``ç£``à Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö Zf Æ``π¿Ü ‰``ò ¨``úZ yd¬``Ö x£``±úZ Á``û£``ܨ``¿å Z¨``•ÖZ x£``øù fd '
„`ûZ z /dfZ¨ú̀ d¬`âz Æ`π¿Ü ,Õ`±ù ›`≤ì ‰`ò Á`û£`®úÚ ?v¬`§ñ /¨`¿•é£`ò £`¡ú£`±úZ „`ùe fd Zf ›`≤ì dZÆ`ïZ „`ûZ /¨`¿•éZd ›`≤ì
ydZd jfzÆ``à d¬``ã xzfd fd Zf Æ``π¿Ü v£``§ñ fd Ø``≈õÚ Æ``π¿Ü }£``¡≤¿òZz £``õ ZÆ``å /Õ``çZ x£``±úZ xZ¬``¿∑Ö £``õ ]ZÆ``≈õ gZ Á``≤™Ö
·Ö£ñ ıç£çZ ' ›≤ì Á¿∑û ' }ÆΩûd xÚ ‰ò Õ±≈ú ‰ú¬Ω¿ûZ ’•æì £ûÚ z ?‚`ûZ ydZ¨ú̀ jfzÆ`à Zf Æ`Ωûd Õö̀£`ä ZÆ`å ?‚`ûZ
?Õ±≈ú v£∫•úZ £û z ¨éf z jfzÆà
/dfZd ÁΩ•±Ö ˘¬æ∑õ z Õæì ¨úzf ‰Ö }Ø≈åÆù jfzÆà /Õ±≈ú Áñ£πÜZ }ÆõZ „ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
dÆ``ºæøì Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü z }¨``â f¬``µÖ £``õ ?‚``ûZ ydZd Õ``çd gZ Zf }Æ``Ωûd xÚ £``õ ZÆ``å /x¨```≈≤û¨``úZ ‰``Ö z ‰``æÖ '
gZ z ‚``≈ùd “``ç£``à Õ``ú¬``≤ã £``Ö Zf Õ``ú¬``≤ã z Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö Zf Æ``π¿Ü ¨``û£``§≈õ ‰``ò ‚``ûZ ydZd ¨``éf d¬``ã fd Zf ‰``ûÆ``∂ú „``ûZ ‰``≤û¨``úZ
Á``•æì ”``≈ù ‰``Ö ‰``ò }Ø``≈å ,›``≤ì }£``•çZf fd ‚``¡úÚ ?‚``≈•ïÆ``ú ’``≈à d¬``ã \£``≈ä gZ Æ``Ωûd }Æ``≈±õ fd £``õ ZÆ``å /·``≈§ñ „``ûZ
?‚û£øú aÆë ‚ùZ¬™≈õ Zf }Ø≈å ‰å ‰ò ¨≈•±ù ‰â¬•õ ?dfZ¨ú ‰≈ºÜ
/‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
?ÕçZ ÁïZÆ©úZ z ÿÖf ÁÖ vZ¬ç flû „ûZ £ûÚ '
 /‚Ö£û Áøú Œ©Ö „ûZ ›≈ø∑Ü }ZÆÖ ÁùZf ”≈ù „õ :‚ù¬Ö
/wÆ§Ö ’≈à Æ•≤≈Ö ZÆúÚ ‚ùZ¬™≈øú ‚ù „õ '
///ÕçZ ydZd “ç£à Æπ¿Ü £Ö Zf Æπ¿Ü x£±úZ ZÆå ‰ò ‚≈çÆÖ ‰•ºú „ûZ tfd ‰Ö ‚≈¿ò jÎÜ Õ±û£§≈õ £õ :‚ù¬Ö
J
Á``∑≈§ë ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ zZ }ZÆ``Ö Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ Æ``ôZ /Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ë Î``õ£``ò Æ``Ωûd Õ``ö£``ä @‹``öZA }ZÆ``Ö ‰``ºúÚ v£``ä /// '
/d¬§≈õ f¬µ¿ûZ Õ±û£§≈õ x£Ωøù }ZÆÖ ‰ºúÚ v£ä ?Õ±≈ú f¬µ¿ûZ „ûÆû£ç }ZÆÖ ZÆå ,¨¿º≈õ y¬æâ
J
x£``ò£``øò ,x£``ûdZ Æ``û£``ç £``û z }¨``¿ù z }d¬``¡û x£``ûdZ fd Î``ø•©õ ‰``ò ,„``¡ò f£``≈±Ö ¨``≈ò£``Ü „``ûZ ¨``û£``é ,¨``≈úZ¨``≈õ
Æ``∂¿Ö /dg£``±≈õ fZd¬``øú Zf d¬``ã Á``ù£``ô gZ Æ``ù ‰``ú¬``ôZ¨``ã Ø``≈å xÚ ‰``º¿ûZ ,¨``é£``Ö Æ``∂ú ¨``õ fd ,dÆ``≈Ω≈õ fZÆ``ñ ¨``≈ò£``Ü df¬``õ
Á``ùZf £``õ ‰``øù £``ûÚ ?y¨``ûØ``ôÆ``Ö Zf Á``ïZÆ``©úZ Á``ùZf x£``±úZ ıç£``çZ £``ûÚ /¨``é£``Ö }Æ``Ωú yd£``ç }Æ```≈ô ‰``®≈•ú „``≈¿´¿ûZ ¨``çÆ``≈õ
?‚ûZ ydÆò Áë Zf ÁïZÆ©úZ
y¨``ûØ``ôÆ``Ö Zf Á``ïZÆ``©úZ Á``ùZf £``õ ‰``º¿ûZ ,‚``ûZ ydZd fZÆ``ñ Œ``©Ö df¬``õ £``®¿ûZ fd Zf o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ £``õ ,‰``æÖ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/‚ûZ
/·≈§ñ „ûZ gZ z Õú¬≤ã £Ö Õú¬≤ã ,Æπ¿Ü £Ö Æπ¿Ü “ç£à xdZd £Ö '
m¬``ÖÆ``õ y¨``ûZ d¬``øú jÎ``Ü xÚ ›``ûÆ``ë gZ xZ¬``•Ö ‰``ò Õ``ïÆ``ô Æ``∂ú fd Zf }Æ``Ωûd f¬``•ò£``ï xZ¬``•≈øú £``ûÚ :y¨``¿¿ò vZ¬``ç
·`ºé Zf }Æ`•¡Ö Á`ú£`±úZ d¬`øú z ¨`¿≤™Ö wzZ¨`Ü Zf ›`≤ì ‰`ò yd¬`Ö x£`ûdZ gZ }f£``≈±Ö q¨``ù „``ûZ ?dZd jfzÆ``à Zf ›``≤ì ‰``Ö
/¨¿ùd
jzf ”``≈ù ÿ``ç¬``Ü ·``≈öd „``≈ø¡Ö z dfZ¨``ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù ›``≤ì /‚``ûÆ``§ú ’``≈à ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ Zf Œ``©Ö „``ûZ ¨``≈û£``≈Ö ıπµö '
/‘Ö z „≈øù /¨Ö£û jfzÆà ¨úZ¬•≈øú ÁùZf z
/d¬≤≈øú ‰â¬•õ Zf „ûZ „ùe £õZ ,‰æÖ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
„``ûZ ZÆ``å ‰``ò ‚``çÆ``Ö ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö ‚``æû£``õ „``õ /‚``ûZ ydZd —``≈ê¬``Ü Zf o¬``ê¬``õ „``ûZ }£``ù ‰``§¿â Á``õ£``øÜ £``õ £``õZ '
/¨``é£``§≈õ jZ ‰``µÖZf }£``¿§õ ›``≤ì ‰``ò ,Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ë @‹``öZA }ZÆ``Ö ‰``º≈ö£``ä fd ,Õ``±≈ú Á``∑≈§ë x£``Ωøù }ZÆ``Ö o¬``ê¬``õ
J
/ÕçZ „ézf z —êZz Îõ£ò vZ¬ç „ûZ ‰ò w¨∫•∑õ
fd Õ``ú¬``≤ã z Æ``π¿Ü Æ``ÖZÆ``Ö fd Æ``π¿Ü x¬``´øù Á``™ç£``à ,‰``ò ¨``≈û£``øú ¨``≈ò£``Ü Ø``≈ú ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö ¨``≈úZ¬``•≈õ £``øé :‚``ù¬``Ö
Zf jzf z yZf „``ûZ £``õ ZÆ``å ,‰``ø¡¿ûZ £``Ö /Õ``ï£``ûfd Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ xZ¬``•≈õ Á``•äZÆ``Ö z dÆ``≈ô Á``øú x£``û£``à Ø``ôÆ``ù ,Õ``ú¬``≤ã Æ``ÖZÆ``Ö
Æ``ÖZÆ``Ö fd Ø``≈õÚÆ``π¿Ü Á``™ç£``à z ›``ûÆ``ë „``ûZ gZ xZ¬``•≈õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ „``ûZ }ZÆ``Ö £``ûÚ ?‚``≈¿º≈õ v£``§úd Á``ܨ``ä z \¨``é „``≈¿å £``Ö
/¨é£Ö Áí£πä ”≈ù y¨úfzÚ d¬â¬Ö Õö£ä „ûZ ‰ò ¨çÆ≈øú Æ∂¿Ö £õZ ?d¬øú o£ïd d¬ã gZ ,Æπ¿Ü
:Õ``çZ ›``≈ñd ˘Z¬``ç „``ûZ ‰``ò w¨``∫•∑õ „``õ /‚``ûdÆ``ôÆ``Ö ,wd¬``Ö ydÆ``ò aÆ``ë ‰``ò ˘Z¬``ç ‰``Ö ¨``≈û£``≈Ö ‰``øù „``ûZ £``Ö '
„``ûZ £``ûÚ ?¨``≈•±ù ‰``â¬``•õ ?ZÆ``å /Õ``çZ Æ``≈çZ ˘¬``æ∑õ z Õ``æì yÆ``≈®úg fd @[A ,Õ``±≈ú Á``•æì ”``≈ù Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü @‹``öZA
gZ Zf ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ¨``≈û£``≈Ö /‰``ú ,‰``ú ?·``≈§ñ „``ûZ gZ z x£``ô y¨``ûØ``ôÆ``Ö ?¨``é£``§≈õ Á``è¬``≥™Ö dZÆ``ïZ ‰``Ö m¬``ÖÆ``õ z Á``è¬``≥ã }Æ``õZ
£``Ö Zf ‰``•±úZd z ,Õ``ú¬``≤ã £``Ö Zf Õ``ú¬``≤ã ,Õ``çZ ydZd “``ç£``à Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö Zf Æ``π¿Ü yfZ¬``øù x£``±úZ „``ùe :‚``ûÆ``Ω¿Ö }Æ``Ωûd ‰``ûzZg
J
Î``¶õ ‰``ò ‰``ú¬``Ωú£``øù ,¨``ù¨``≈øú “``ç£``à Æ``π¿Ü £``Ö Zf Æ``π¿Ü ,¨``®¿Ω≈õ Õ``ûÆ``≤Ö ‰``ì¬``ø®õ „``ûZ fd d¬``ã ‰``ò @‹``öZA £``õZ /‰``•±úZd
,Õ``çZ fZdf¬``ãÆ``Ö xÚ gZ Ø``≈ú @‹``öZA ‰``ò ¨``¿•±ù ‚``≈¡ç }f¬``∑é x£``øù fd £``¡úÚ ‰``øù /¨``¿¿º≈õ df¬``ãÆ``Ö @_A £``û z @[A
/¨úÆ≈Ω≈õ yÆ¡Ö w£ì }f¬∑é gZ £¡úÚ ‰øù
 ?dfZd d¬âz ÁÜz£πÜ „≈¿å ZÆå ‹èz „ûZ £Ö :‚ù¬Ö
\z£``πÜ „``ûZ ZÆ``å ?ZÆ``å /Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ëÆ``≈î }Æ``Ωûd ,Õ``çZ Á``∑≈§ë }f£``•ïf ,Á``ºû /‚``çÆ``ß≈õ ‚``ù „``õ Zf „``ûZ ‰``æÖ '
‰``ò Á``ú£``úÚ ,@_A z @[A x¬``´øù Á``¢£``¡ú£``±úZ }¬``ç gZ £``ûÚ ?d¬``≤≈õ aÆ``ë Á``±ò ‰``å qÆ``ë gZ vZ¬``ç „``ûZ ?dfZd d¬``âz
?y¨é aƵõ @‹öZA }¬ç gZ vZ¬ç „ûZ ‰º¿ûZ £û ?¨¿ù¨≈õ “ç£à Æπ¿Ü £Ö Zf Æπ¿Ü
/¨¿º≈õ aÆë Zf vZ¬ç „ûZ @‹öZA f£ΩúZ ‰ò ¨çÆ≈õ Æ∂¿Ö :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
‚``ù £``Ö Á``Üz£``πÜ ”``≈ù dZÆ``ïZ „``ûZ ‰``ò ‚``ûZ ydÆ``ò ¨``≈ò£``Ü Ø``≈ú ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö ı∫≈ñd £``õ ‰``º¿ûZ ‚``îÆ``≈æì ,‰``æÖ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/¨úfZ¨ú \z£πÜ ÆΩûd Á¢¬ç gZ z ¨¿Üz£π•õ £¡úÚ ‰ò ‚≈û¬Ω≈õ Á¢¬ç gZ £õ /¨úfZ¨ú
/¨¿é£§ú \z£π•õ £¡úÚ ‰ò ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë '
/dfZd d¬âz „ùe flû z azf flû £¡¿Ü £®¿ûZ fd :‚ù¬Ö
/azf flû ,ÕçZ f¬µ¿≈øù '
?¨û¬Ω≈õ ‰ú „≈∑õ f£•ïf xÚ ‰Ö „ùe z azf „ûZ gZ ’™Ö flû ‰ò d¬≤≈õ f¬µå v£ä z ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
Æ``Ωûd ’``™Ö £``Ö \z£``πÜ d¬``âz ‰``Ö „``ùe ’``™Ö fl``û ‰``ò ¨``ûÛ``≈õ ’``≈à Á``•ö£``ä „``≈¿å f¬``µå /Õ``ç£``®¿≈øù ‰``æÀ±õ '
£``Ö ;Õ``çZ d¬``â¬``õ }f£``≈±Ö }£``¡ûÆ``≈ô ‰``®≈•ú Á``•ö£``ä „``≈¿å }ZÆ``Ö ‰``ò ‰``•ïÆ``ô Æ``∂ú fd d¬``ã }d¬``™Ö xZ¬``•≈õ ?¨``¿º≈õ yf£``éZ
£``Ö @_A z @[A ,@‹``öZA x£``øù £``û z ‰``ç z zd z fl``û yf£``øé ‰``ò ‚``¿º≈õ ¨``≈ò£``Ü ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``Ö x£``ò£``øò „``õ ‰``ø¡¿ûZ
?Õ±≈ú f¬µ¿ûZ ,¨¿•±ù \£≈∑ñZz £¡¿ûZ ,¨úfZd rÆï ÆΩû¨ºû
H
/¨¿çÆ≈õ Æ∂¿Ö \z£π•õ £¡¿ûZ Ãã :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/‰ú yzZ '
/¨¿•±ù \z£π•õ ·øì fd £¡úÚ :y¨¿¿ò vZ¬ç
/f£ºéÚ }d¬øú fd ‰ú £õZ ;ı∫≈ñd '
Æ`π¿Ü ‰`ò Á`õdÆ`õ ZÆ`å ,d¬`é aÆ`µõ ‰`ú¬`Ω¿ûZ ¨`û£`§≈õ ‚``ûdÆ``ô Æ``Ö xZ¨``Ö Õ``±û£``§≈õ £``õ ‰``ò ˘Z¬``ç ‰``ò w¨``∫•∑õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
?¨¿úZ¨≈õ ZØ®õ ,¨¿¿º≈øú Zf f£º¿ûZ ‰ò Áû£¡úÚ gZ Zf d¬ã ,¨¿ù¨≈õ jfzÆà Zf
?¨¿û¬Ω≈õ f¬µ¿ûZ d¬ã £¡úÚ £ûÚ '
/¨``¿ù¨``≈õ x£``≤ú d¬``ã gZ „``ûÆ``û£``ç £``Ö df¬``ãÆ``Ö fd x£``úÚ ‰``ò }f£``•ïf ‰``Ö ‰``â¬``Ü £``Ö ,Õ``çZ f¬``µ¿ûZ ‰``ò w¨``∫•∑õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
J
/¨é£Ö ‰•éZd rÆï Îõ£ò Õ±û£§≈õ Á≥™é „≈¿å ,¨úØ≈øú „õZd Zf Æπ¿Ü ‰ò ¨é£Ö Á±ò £®¿ûZ fd ÆôZ
J
‚``Ö£``û Õ``çd ‰``•ºú „``ûZ ‰``¿ò ‰``Ö ‚``ùZ¬``™≈õ £``õZ /yÆ``≈î z Á``ºûf£``Ü z Á``û£``¿ézf / Õ``çZ „``ézf Î``õ£``ò „``ûZ ,‰``æÖ '
J
„``øÖ Zf Á``ô∞``ûz „``ûZ @‹``öZA Î``¶õ Æ``Ωûd \f£``§∑Ö /‰``ú £``û dzÆ``≈õ ’``≈à Á``§ç£``¿õ }£``•çZf fd £``õ Œ``©Ö ıç£``çZ £``ûÚ ‰``ò
‰``ò ¨``≈•±ù ‰``â¬``•õ /‚``û£``øú ‘``ä d¬``ã d¬``âz fd wZ ‰``•±úZ¬``•ú Zf Õ``≈è¬``≥ã z Á``ô∞``ûz „``ûZ „``õ £``õZ z ,ydÆ``ò ·``∫•¿õ
ZÆ`å /‚`ùd }£`â d¬`ã xZzf z x£`â fd ZÆ`úÚ ‚`•±úZ¬`•ú ‰`ø¡¿ûZ £`Ö ,wZ ydZd gzÆ`Ö Á`≤¿òZz d¬`ã gZ „`õ ?Õ`±≈å „``õ f¬``∂¿õ
?¨¿º≈øú Zf f£ò x£øù Ø≈ú ¨úgÆï ZÆå ‘à ,¨ù¨≈õ “ç£à Æπ¿Ü £Ö Zf Æπ¿Ü f¨à ÆôZ ?ydƺú gzÆÖ Á•ö£ä „≈¿å
/d¬≤≈õ m¬ÖÆõ Õã£¿é ‰Ö ‰ò ÕçZ Áì¬ê¬õ „ûZ ‚¿º≈õ Æºï „õ :‚ù¬Ö
‚``ùZ¬``™≈õ ‰``å ‰``ò ¨``≈•±ù ‰``â¬``•õ ?dfZd Á``çÆ``•çd Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``Ö Z¨``•ÖZ x£``øù gZ ¨``úgÆ``ï £``ûÚ ,Õ``±≈å xÚ w¬``¡πõ '
?¨é£Ö ¨úZ¬•≈õ ‰å Õö£ä „ûZ w¬¡πõ z ,Áòd¬ò xZzZ x£øù gZ ‚¡úÚ ?‚û¬ΩÖ
 ?ÕçZ Á¿∑õ ‰å ‰Ö Áå :‚ù¬Ö
EwfZdÆÖ Õçd vZ¬ç „ûZ gZ t£úƵ㠉æäÆõ „ûZ fd ‚•±≈ú ·û£õ „õ '
/¨ûfZ≠ΩÖ Zz d¬ã v£©Ö Zf o¬ê¬õ „ûZ ‰ò ¨≈æû£õ ¨û£é ?}Z ‰æäÆõ ‰å :‚ù¬Ö
Æ``ôZ ,¨``≈úZ¨``≈õ ‰``ò f¬``µú£``øù x¬``å /‚``û£``øú ‹``≤ò ZÆ``úÚ ‰``ò ‚``æû£``õ „``õ /Õ``çZ Ã``û£``î }Ø``≈å fl``û Œ``©Ö „``ûZ fd '
¨``¿úZ¬``•≈õ \£``¶ä£``§õ ‰``ú¬``Ω¿ûZ z £``û£``¥ñ „``ûZ Á``õ£``øÜ ‘``à ,Õ``çZ Á``è£``ã dÆ``ï df¬``õ fd Á``ô∞``ûz d¬``ã fl``û Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ
J
/¨¿é£Ö ÿÖf ÁÖ Îõ£ò ÁÜ£ì¬ê¬õ
£``¡ú£``±úZ ‰``øù fd ‰``•πã \f¬``≥Ö Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ ‰``ò ‚``≈•±ù Æ``∂ú ‚``ù ‰``•ºú „``ûZ fd £``õ „``ûZÆ``Ö£``¿Ö /‚``∫ïZ¬``õ :‚``ù¬``Ö
?¨≈û¬ΩÖ ZÆ¿ûZ ¨≈ùZ¬™≈õ £ûÚ ;ÕçZ d¬â¬õ
/‚û¬ΩÖ ZÆ¿ûZ ‚æû£õ ‰ò ‚úZ¨≈øú ı∫≈ñd „õ '
/dfZd Õûd¬â¬õ £¡ú£±úZ Áõ£øÜ fd Ø≈å „ûZ ‰ò ÕçZ „ûZ wf¬∂¿õ :‚ù¬Ö
/ÕçZ Áò£úƵã f£≈±Ö ‰•ºú ‚ù „ûZ z '
/¨≈•πô £øé ‰ò ÕçZ }Ø≈å „ûZ £õZ :‚ù¬Ö
J
‰``Ö ZÆ``úÚ ı∑§ë ,‚``é£``Ö „``∫≈•õ Î``õ£``ò xZ¨``Ö Õ``§±ú Æ``ôZ /wfZd ¨``ûdÆ``Ü xZ¨``Ö Õ``§±ú „``õ £``õZ ,‚``úZ¨``≈õ Zf „``ûZ '
/Õπô ‚ùZ¬ã £øé
d¬``â¬``õ Á``¢£``ùgZ¨``úZ ‚``≤å £``®¿ûZ fd ‚``≈û¬``ΩÖ ‚``≈úZ¬``•≈õ z ,‚``≈¿º≈õ jÎ``Ü ‰``èÆ``ì „``ûZ fd £``õ /Õ``çZ v¬``§ñ :‚``ù¬``Ö
Á``õ£``øÜ }ZÆ``Ö ¨``úZ¬``•≈õ Õ``ã£``¿é „``•éZd x£``ºõZ /¨``¿º≈õ y¬``æâ Ø``≈ú t£``úÆ``µã f£``≈±Ö d¬``ã }£``®Ö ‰``æÀ±õ ‰``åÆ``ôZ ,¨``¿•±ù
/¨ú¬≤≈õ ‰â¬•õ Zf xÚ d¬âz dZÆïZ ÁãÆÖ £¡¿Ü „º≈öz ,¨é£Ö x£±ºû £¡ú£±úZ
?dfZd }£â x£±úZ xzfd fd Z¨ã ‰ò ¨≈û¬ΩÖ f¬µ¿ûZ ¨≈ùZ¬™≈õ '
/ÕçZ d¬â¬õ x£±úZ fd Õ㣿é x£ºõZ ‰ò ‚¿º≈õ ¨≈ò£Ü ‰•ºú „û£Ö ÿ∫ï ‰Ö ÿ∫ï ,‰ú :‚ù¬Ö
£``Ö Zf Æ``π¿Ü f¨``à /¨``úÆ``≈Ω≈õ ·``ºé ‚``¿ùe fd ‰``ò ¨``¿•±ù Á``ÜÍZ¬``ç x¬``´øù v£``äÆ``¡Ö £``¡¿ûZ ‰``øù /ı≤™Ö ,‰``æÖ '
/¨¿º≈øú Zf f£º¿ûZ ¨úgÆï ,¨ù¨≈õ “ç£à Æπ¿Ü
/d¨ú¬≈ß≈õ o¬ñ¬Ö ıù£ô £¡¿Ü ‰ò ÕçZ Áñ£πÜZ „ûZ :‚ù¬Ö
?ZÆå /Z¨•ÖZ x£øù gZ ‚¡úÚ z ıõzZ¨õ ,‰ú '
gZ ’``ûZÆ``Ö Æ``π¿Ü xd¬``Ö jgfZ Á``Ö ‰``ò ‰``§¿â „``ûZ gZ ,¨``é£``Ö ‰``•éZd Õ``ã£``¿é ‰``Ö Á``Ω•±Ö Õ``±û£``§≈õ Æ``õZ „``ûZ :‚``ù¬``Ö
/y¨≈çÆ≈õ Æ∂¿Ö —êZz z „ézf Z¨•ÖZ x£øù
?dfZd ÁçÆ•çd Õã£¿é „ûZ ‰Ö zZ ZÆå '
?ZÆå ,‰æÖ :‚ù¬Ö
Á``∑≈§ë ‰``ú¬``Ω¿û¨``Ö „``ûÆ``û£``ç }ZÆ``Ö ‘``à ,¨``ù¨``≈õ }zf Á``∑≈§ë }Z ‰``ú¬``ΩÖ zZ }ZÆ``Ö Æ``õZ „``ûZ ‰``ò Æ``ôZ ,ZÆ``å z '
/ÕçZ Á∑≈§ë x£Ωøù }ZÆÖ [Ú ‰ò ‰ú¬Ωú£ø¡Ö ?¨¿º≈øú gzÆÖ
H
?¨úfZ¨ú ÁçÆ•çd Õã£¿é ‰Ö x£≤Ü£≈ä d¬øú „≈özZ x£øù gZ x£Ωøù ZÆå ,Ãã :‚ù¬Ö
/ÕçZ „≈øù ‚ù „õ vZ¬ç ,‰æÖ '
/dfZ≠ΩÖ }Æ≈á£Ü xÚ }zf ¨úZ¬•≈øú Ø≈ú zZ £Ö ÿæî df¬ãÆÖ Á•ä ‰ò ¨¿øÜf¨ñ x£¿´úÚ Á•ã£¿é :‚ù¬Ö
Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü Ø``ôÆ``ù Õ``ö£``ä „``ûZ /‚``¿≈§≈õ „``õ ‰``ò Õ``çZ }Ø``≈å xÚ „``ûZ ,¨``ùd Æ``≈≈∏Ü ZÆ``úÚ ¨``úZ¬``•≈øú }Ø``≈å ”``≈ù '
/yÆ`≈î z ‰``ûÆ``ò f£``≈±Ö \Í£``ä £``û z zZ xdg ,zZ ‰``≈æì xZÆ``Ωûd ÿ``æî }£``ùf£``•ïf Æ``≈á£``Ü Õ``©Ü ‰``ú ,ddÆ``Ω≈øú ⁄``ñZz }Ø``≈å ”``≈ù
?Õ±≈ú f¬µ¿ûZ x£Ωøù }ZÆÖ ZÆå
/ÕãZdÆà ‚≈ùZ¬ã o¬ê¬õ „ûZ ‰Ö ‚ù g£Ö ı∑§ë £õ

1980 ·ûÆàÚ 15 ,£≈úÆπ≈ö£ò ,}£âzZ