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Symbolic Interactionism: Approaches To Meaning: The Work of George Herbert Mead

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SYMBOLIC

INTERACTIONISM
Approaches to Meaning:
The work of George Herbert
Mead

CORE PRINCIPLES
MEANING
LANGUAGE
THOUGHT

MEANING
Humans act toward people or things on
the basis of the meanings they assign
to those people or things.
Once people define a situation as real,
it is very real in its consequences
Meaning-making is a community project

LANGUAGE, SOURCE OF
MEANING
Meaning:
arises out of social interaction
not inherent in objects
negotiated through language by naming,,
ascribing meaning to words
Knowing depends on symbolic naming
A symbol is a stimulus that has a learned
meaning; our words have default
assumptions

THOUGHT
Interpretation of symbols is modified
by thought
Thinking is inner conversation
Humans are thoughtful
Symbols stimulate thought
Humans can take the role of the
other

THE SELF
Defined through interconnection of
meaning, language and thought
Involves taking the role of the other:
looking-glass self
Function of language
Community membership filters
consciousness of self
Always in flux
Combines impuslive I and reflective me

COMMUNITY
Sense of self based on community
expectations and responses: the
generalized other or me
This shapes how we think and
interact
The me is formed through continual
symbolic interaction
The me is the organized community
within the individual

Applications
Social interaction as dramaturgical
performance
Performances are fragile
Ethnography as appropriate method
A negative generalized other can reduce
a person to nothing
Name-calling can force us to view
ourselves through a warped mirror
Self-fulfilling prophecy: our expectations
evoke responses that confirm what we
originally anticipated.

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