A.

Appendix A

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a

Atomic
Number
Z

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

Element

Symbol

(Neutron)
Hydrogen
Deuterium
Tritium
Helium

n
H
D
T
He

Lithium

Li

6.941

Beryllium

Be

9.012 182

0
1

1.007 94

4.002 602

Boron

10.811

Carbon

12.010 7

10

11

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

Sodium

Ne

Na

14.006 7

15.999 4

18.998 403 2

20.179 7

22.989 77

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A
1*
1
2
3*
3
4
6*
6
7
8*
7*
9
10*
10
11
12*
10*
11*
12
13
14*
15*
12*
13*
14
15
16*
17*
14*
15*
16
17
18
19*
17*
18*
19
20*
21*
18*
19*
20
21
22
23*
21*
22*

Atomic
Mass (u)
1.008 665
1.007 825
2.014 102
3.016 049
3.016 029
4.002 603
6.018 888
6.015 122
7.016 004
8.022 487
7.016 929
9.012 182
10.013 534
10.012 937
11.009 306
12.014 352
10.016 853
11.011 434
12.000 000
13.003 355
14.003 242
15.010 599
12.018 613
13.005 739
14.003 074
15.000 109
16.006 101
17.008 450
14.008 595
15.003 065
15.994 915
16.999 132
17.999 160
19.003 579
17.002 095
18.000 938
18.998 403
19.999 981
20.999 949
18.005 697
19.001 880
19.992 440
20.993 847
21.991 385
22.994 467
20.997 655
21.994 437

Percent
Abundance

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2
10.4 min

99.988 5
0.011 5
12.33 yr
0.000 137
99.999 863
0.81 s
7.5
92.5
0.84 s
53.3 days
100
1.5  106 yr
19.9
80.1
0.020 2 s
19.3 s
20.4 min
98.93
1.07
5 730 yr
2.45 s
0.011 0 s
9.96 min
99.632
0.368
7.13 s
4.17 s
70.6 s
122 s
99.757
0.038
0.205
26.9 s
64.5 s
109.8 min
100
11.0 s
4.2 s
1.67 s
17.2 s
90.48
0.27
9.25
37.2 s
22.5 s
2.61 yr
continued

Appendix A

A.5

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

(11)

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
22

Aluminum

Silicon

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Chlorine

Argon

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium
Titanium

Symbol

Mg

Al

Si

Cl

Ar

Ca

Sc
Ti

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

24.305 0

26.981 538

28.085 5

30.973 761

32.066

35.452 7

39.948

39.098 3

40.078

44.955 910
47.867

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A
23
24*
23*
24
25
26
27*
26*
27
28*
28
29
30
31*
32*
30*
31
32*
33*
32
33
34
35*
36
35
36*
37
36
37*
38
39*
40
42*
39
40*
41
40
41*
42
43
44
46
48
41*
45
44*
46

Atomic
Mass (u)
22.989 770
23.990 963
22.994 125
23.985 042
24.985 837
25.982 593
26.984 341
25.986 892
26.981 539
27.981 910
27.976 926
28.976 495
29.973 770
30.975 363
31.974 148
29.978 314
30.973 762
31.973 907
32.971 725
31.972 071
32.971 458
33.967 869
34.969 032
35.967 081
34.968 853
35.968 307
36.965 903
35.967 546
36.966 776
37.962 732
38.964 313
39.962 383
41.963 046
38.963 707
39.963 999
40.961 826
39.962 591
40.962 278
41.958 618
42.958 767
43.955 481
45.953 693
47.952 534
40.969 251
44.955 910
43.959 690
45.952 630

Percent
Abundance

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2

100
14.96 h
11.3 s
78.99
10.00
11.01
9.46 min
7.4  105 yr
100
2.24 min
92.229 7
4.683 2
3.087 2
2.62 h
172 yr
2.50 min
100
14.26 days
25.3 days
94.93
0.76
4.29
87.5 days
0.02
75.78
3.0  105 yr
24.22
0.336 5
35.04 days
0.063 2
269 yr
99.600 3
33 yr
93.258 1
0.011 7
6.730 2
96.941

1.28  109 yr

1.0  105 yr
0.647
0.135
2.086
0.004
0.187
0.596 s
100
49 yr
8.25
continued

A.6

Appendix A

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

(22)

Titanium

23

Vanadium

24

25
26

Chromium

Manganese
Iron

Symbol

Cr

Mn
Fe

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

50.941 5

51.996 1

54.938 049
55.845

27

Cobalt

Co

58.933 200

28

Nickel

Ni

58.693 4

29

Copper

Cu

63.546

30

Zinc

Zn

65.39

31

Gallium

Ga

69.723

32

Germanium

Ge

72.61

33
34

Arsenic
Selenium

As
Se

74.921 60
78.96

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A
47
48
49
50
48*
50*
51
48*
50
52
53
54
54*
55
54
55*
56
57
58
60*
59
60*
58
59*
60
61
62
63*
64
63
65
64
66
67
68
70
69
71
70
72
73
74
76
75
74
76
77

Atomic
Mass (u)
46.951 764
47.947 947
48.947 871
49.944 792
47.952 254
49.947 163
50.943 964
47.954 036
49.946 050
51.940 512
52.940 654
53.938 885
53.940 363
54.938 050
53.939 615
54.938 298
55.934 942
56.935 399
57.933 280
59.934 077
58.933 200
59.933 822
57.935 348
58.934 351
59.930 790
60.931 060
61.928 349
62.929 673
63.927 970
62.929 601
64.927 794
63.929 147
65.926 037
66.927 131
67.924 848
69.925 325
68.925 581
70.924 705
69.924 250
71.922 076
72.923 459
73.921 178
75.921 403
74.921 596
73.922 477
75.919 214
76.919 915

Percent
Abundance

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2

7.44
73.72
5.41
5.18
0.250
99.750

15.97 days
1.5  1017 yr
21.6 h

4.345
83.789
9.501
2.365
312.1 days
100
5.845
2.7 yr
91.754
2.119
0.282
1.5  106 yr
100
5.27 yr
68.076 9
7.5  104 yr
26.223 1
1.139 9
3.634 5
100 yr
0.925 6
69.17
30.83
48.63
27.90
4.10
18.75
0.62
60.108
39.892
20.84
27.54
7.73
36.28
7.61
100
0.89
9.37
7.63
continued

Appendix A

A.7

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

(34)

Selenium

Symbol

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

35

Bromine

Br

79.904

36

Krypton

Kr

83.80

37

Rubidium

Rb

85.467 8

38

Strontium

Sr

87.62

39
40

Yttrium
Zirconium

Y
Zr

88.905 85
91.224

41

42

Niobium

Molybdenum

Nb

Mo

43

Technetium

Tc

44

Ruthenium

Ru

92.906 38

95.94

101.07

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A
78
79*
80
82*
79
81
78
80
81*
82
83
84
85*
86
85
87*
84
86
87
88
90*
89
90
91
92
93*
94
96
91*
92*
93
94*
92
93*
94
95
96
97
98
100
97*
98*
99*
96
98
99
100

Atomic
Mass (u)
77.917 310
78.918 500
79.916 522
81.916 700
78.918 338
80.916 291
77.920 386
79.916 378
80.916 592
81.913 485
82.914 136
83.911 507
84.912 527
85.910 610
84.911 789
86.909 184
83.913 425
85.909 262
86.908 880
87.905 614
89.907 738
88.905 848
89.904 704
90.905 645
91.905 040
92.906 476
93.906 316
95.908 276
90.906 990
91.907 193
92.906 378
93.907 284
91.906 810
92.906 812
93.905 088
94.905 842
95.904 679
96.906 021
97.905 408
99.907 477
96.906 365
97.907 216
98.906 255
95.907 598
97.905 287
98.905 939
99.904 220

Percent
Abundance

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2

23.77

6.5  104 yr
49.61
8.73
50.69
49.31
0.35
2.28

1.4  1020 yr

2.1  105 yr
11.58
11.49
57.00
10.76 yr
17.30
72.17
27.83
0.56
9.86
7.00
82.58

4.75  1010 yr

29.1 yr
100
51.45
11.22
17.15
1.5  106 yr
17.38
2.80
6.8  102 yr
3.5  107 yr
100
2  104 yr
14.84
3.5  103 yr
9.25
15.92
16.68
9.55
24.13
9.63
2.6  106 yr
4.2  106 yr
2.1  105 yr
5.54
1.87
12.76
12.60
continued

A.8

Appendix A

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

(44)

Ruthenium

45
46

Rhodium
Palladium

Symbol

Rh
Pd

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

102.905 50
106.42

47

Silver

Ag

107.868 2

48

Cadmium

Cd

112.411

49
50

Indium
Tin

In
Sn

114.818
118.710

51

Antimony

Sb

121.760

52

Tellurium

Te

127.60

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A

Atomic
Mass (u)

Percent
Abundance

101
102
104
103
102
104
105
106
107*
108
110
107
109
106
108
109*
110
111
112
113*
114
116
113
115*
112
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121*
122
124
121
123
125*
120
122
123*
124
125
126
128*
130*

100.905 582
101.904 350
103.905 430
102.905 504
101.905 608
103.904 035
104.905 084
105.903 483
106.905 128
107.903 894
109.905 152
106.905 093
108.904 756
105.906 458
107.904 183
108.904 986
109.903 006
110.904 182
111.902 757
112.904 401
113.903 358
115.904 755
112.904 061
114.903 878
111.904 821
113.902 782
114.903 346
115.901 744
116.902 954
117.901 606
118.903 309
119.902 197
120.904 237
121.903 440
123.905 275
120.903 818
122.904 216
124.905 248
119.904 020
121.903 047
122.904 273
123.902 820
124.904 425
125.903 306
127.904 461
129.906 223

17.06
31.55
18.62
100
1.02
11.14
22.33
27.33

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2

6.5  106 yr
26.46
11.72
51.839
48.161
1.25
0.89
462 days
12.49
12.80
24.13
12.22
28.73
7.49
4.29
95.71
0.97
0.66
0.34
14.54
7.68
24.22
8.59
32.58

9.3  1015 yr

4.4  1014 yr

55 yr
4.63
5.79
57.21
42.79
2.7 yr
0.09
2.55
0.89
4.74
7.07
18.84
31.74
34.08

1.3  1013 yr

 8  1024 yr

1.25  1021 yr
continued

Appendix A

A.9

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

Symbol

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

53

Iodine

126.904 47

54

55

56

57

58

59
60

Xenon

Cesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Cerium

Praseodymium
Neodymium

Xe

Cs

Ba

La

Ce

Pr
Nd

61

Promethium

Pm

62

Samarium

Sm

131.29

132.905 45

137.327

138.905 5

140.116

140.907 65
144.24

150.36

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A

Atomic
Mass (u)

Percent
Abundance

127
129*
124
126
128
129
130
131
132
134
136*
133
134*
135*
137*
130
132
133*
134
135
136
137
138
137*
138*
139
136
138
140
142*
141
142
143
144*
145
146
148
150*
143*
145*
146*
147*
144
146*
147*
148*

126.904 468
128.904 988
123.905 896
125.904 269
127.903 530
128.904 780
129.903 508
130.905 082
131.904 145
133.905 394
135.907 220
132.905 447
133.906 713
134.905 972
136.907 074
129.906 310
131.905 056
132.906 002
133.904 503
134.905 683
135.904 570
136.905 821
137.905 241
136.906 466
137.907 107
138.906 349
135.907 144
137.905 986
139.905 434
141.909 240
140.907 648
141.907 719
142.909 810
143.910 083
144.912 569
145.913 112
147.916 888
149.920 887
142.910 928
144.912 744
145.914 692
146.915 134
143.911 995
145.913 037
146.914 893
147.914 818

100

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2
1.6  107 yr

0.09
0.09
1.92
26.44
4.08
21.18
26.89
10.44
8.87
100

 2.36  1021 yr
2.1 yr
2  106 yr
30 yr

0.106
0.101
10.5 yr
2.417
6.592
7.854
11.232
71.698
0.090
99.910
0.185
0.251
88.450
11.114
100
27.2
12.2
23.8
8.3
17.2
5.7
5.6

6  104 yr
1.05  1011 yr

 5  1016 yr

2.3  1015 yr

 1  1018 yr
265 days
17.7 yr
5.5 yr
2.623 yr

3.07
14.99
11.24

1.0  108 yr
1.06  1011 yr
7  1015 yr
continued

A.10

Appendix A

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

(62)

Samarium

63

64

Europium

Gadolinium

Symbol

Eu

Gd

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

151.964

157.25

65
66

Terbium
Dysprosium

Tb
Dy

158.925 34
162.50

67

Holmium

Ho

164.930 32

68

Erbium

Er

167.6

69

Thulium

Tm

168.934 21

70

Ytterbium

Yb

173.04

71

Lutecium

Lu

174.967

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A

Atomic
Mass (u)

149*
150
151*
152
154
151
152*
153
154*
155*
148*
150*
152*
154
155
156
157
158
160
159
156
158
160
161
162
163
164
165
166*
162
164
166
167
168
170
169
171*
168
170
171
172
173
174
176
173*
175
176*

148.917 180
149.917 272
150.919 928
151.919 728
153.922 205
150.919 846
151.921 740
152.921 226
153.922 975
154.922 889
147.918 110
149.918 656
151.919 788
153.920 862
154.922 619
155.922 120
156.923 957
157.924 100
159.927 051
158.925 343
155.924 278
157.924 405
159.925 194
160.926 930
161.926 795
162.928 728
163.929 171
164.930 320
165.932 281
161.928 775
163.929 197
165.930 290
166.932 045
167.932 368
169.935 460
168.934 211
170.936 426
167.933 894
169.934 759
170.936 322
171.936 378
172.938 207
173.938 858
175.942 568
172.938 927
174.940 768
175.942 682

Percent
Abundance
13.82
7.38

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2
 2  1015 yr
90 yr

26.75
22.75
47.81
13.5 yr
52.19

0.20
2.18
14.80
20.47
15.65
24.84
21.86
100
0.06
0.10
2.34
18.91
25.51
24.90
28.18
100

8.59 yr
4.7 yr
75 yr
1.8  106 yr
1.1  1014 yr

1.2  103 yr
0.14
1.61
33.61
22.93
26.78
14.93
100
1.92 yr
0.13
3.04
14.28
21.83
16.13
31.83
12.76
1.37 yr
97.41
2.59

3.78  1010 yr
continued

Appendix A

A.11

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

Symbol

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

72

Hafnium

Hf

178.49

73

Tantalum

Ta

180.947 9

74

Tungsten
(Wolfram)

183.84

75
76

Rhenium
Osmium

Re
Os

186.207
190.23

77

Iridium

Ir

192.217

78

Platinum

Pt

195.078

79
80

Gold
Mercury

Au
Hg

196.966 55
200.59

81

Thallium

Tl

204.383 3

(Ra E)
(Ac C)
(Th C)
(Ra C)

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A

Atomic
Mass (u)

174*
176
177
178
179
180
180*
181
180
182
183
184*
186
185
187*
184
186*
187
188
189
190
192
194*
191
193
190*
192
194
195
196
198
197
196
198
199
200
201
202
204
203
204*
205
206*
207*
208*
210*

173.940 040
175.941 402
176.943 220
177.943 698
178.945 815
179.946 549
179.947 466
180.947 996
179.946 706
181.948 206
182.950 224
183.950 933
185.954 362
184.952 956
186.955 751
183.952 491
185.953 838
186.955 748
187.955 836
188.958 145
189.958 445
191.961 479
193.965 179
190.960 591
192.962 924
189.959 930
191.961 035
193.962 664
194.964 774
195.964 935
197.967 876
196.966 552
195.965 815
197.966 752
198.968 262
199.968 309
200.970 285
201.970 626
203.973 476
202.972 329
203.973 849
204.974 412
205.976 095
206.977 408
207.982 005
209.990 066

Percent
Abundance
0.16
5.26
18.60
27.28
13.62
35.08
0.012
99.988
0.12
26.50
14.31
30.64
28.43
37.40
62.60
0.02
1.59
1.96
13.24
16.15
26.26
40.78

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2
2.0  1015 yr

8.152 h

3  1017 yr

4.4  1010 yr
2.0  1015 yr

6.0 yr
37.3
62.7
0.014
0.782
32.967
33.832
25.242
7.163
100
0.15
9.97
16.87
23.10
13.18
29.86
6.87
29.524

6.5  1011 yr

3.78 yr
70.476
4.2 min
4.77 min
3.053 min
1.30 min
continued

A.12

Appendix A

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

Symbol

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

82

Lead

Pb

207.2

83

Bismuth

(Ra D)
(Ac B)
(Th B)
(Ra B)
Bi

208.980 38

(Ra E)
(Th C)
(Ra C)
84

Polonium

85

Astatine

86

Radon

87

Francium

88

Radium

89

Actinium

90

Thorium

Po
(Ra F)
(Ac C)
(Th C)
(Ra C)
(Ac A)
(Th A)
(Ra A)
At

Rn
(An)
(Tn)
(Rn)
Fr
(Ac K)
Ra
(Ac X)
(Th X)
(Ra)
(Ms Th1)
Ac
(Ms Th2)
Th
(Rd Ac)
(Rd Th)
(Io)

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A

Atomic
Mass (u)

202*
204*
205*
206
207
208
210*
211*
212*
214*
207*
208*
209
210*
211*
212*
214*
215*
209*
210*
211*
212*
214*
215*
216*
218*
215*
218*
219*

201.972 144
203.973 029
204.974 467
205.974 449
206.975 881
207.976 636
209.984 173
210.988 732
211.991 888
213.999 798
206.978 455
207.979 727
208.980 383
209.984 105
210.987 258
211.991 272
213.998 699
215.001 832
208.982 416
209.982 857
210.986 637
211.988 852
213.995 186
214.999 415
216.001 905
218.008 966
214.998 641
218.008 682
219.011 297

219*
220*
222*

219.009 475
220.011 384
222.017 570

3.96 s
55.6 s
3.823 days

223*

223.019 731

22 min

223*
224*
226*
228*
227*
228*

223.018 497
224.020 202
226.025 403
228.031 064
227.027 747
228.031 015

11.43 days
3.66 days
1 600 yr
5.75 yr
21.77 yr
6.15 h

227*
228*
229*
230*

227.027 699
228.028 731
229.031 755
230.033 127

18.72 days
1.913 yr
7 300 yr
75.000 yr

Percent
Abundance

1.4

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2
5  104 yr
 1.4  1017 yr
1.5  107 yr

24.1
22.1
52.4
22.3 yr
36.1 min
10.64 h
26.8 min
32.2 yr
3.7  105 yr
100
5.01 days
2.14 min
60.6 min
19.9 min
7.4 min
102 yr
138.38 days
0.52 s
0.30 s
164 s
0.001 8 s
0.145 s
3.10 min
100 s
1.6 s
0.9 min

232.038 1

continued

Appendix A

A.13

Table A.3
Table of Atomic Masses a continued

Atomic
Number
Z

Element

Symbol

(90)

Thorium

(UY)
(Th)
(UX1)
Pa
(Uz)
U

91

Protactinium

92

Uranium

(Ac U)

93

Neptunium

(UI)
Np

94

Plutonium

Pu

Chemical
Atomic
Mass (u)

231.035 88
238.028 9

Mass
Number
(*Indicates
Radioactive)
A

Atomic
Mass (u)

231*
232*
234*
231*
234*
232*
233*
234*
235*
236*
238*
235*
236*
237*
236*
238*
239*
240*
241*
242*
244*

231.036 297
232.038 050
234.043 596
231.035 879
234.043 302
232.037 146
233.039 628
234.040 946
235.043 923
236.045 562
238.050 783
235.044 056
236.046 560
237.048 167
236.046 048
238.049 553
239.052 156
240.053 808
241.056 845
242.058 737
244.064 198

Percent
Abundance

100

0.005 5
0.720 0
99.274 5

Half-Life
(If Radioactive)
T1/2
25.52 h
1.40  1010 yr
24.1 days
32.760 yr
6.7 h
69 yr
1.59  105 yr
2.45  105 yr
7.04  108 yr
2.34  107 yr
4.47  109 yr
396 days
1.15  105 yr
2.14  106 yr
2.87 yr
87.7 yr
2.412  104 yr
6 560 yr
14.4 yr
3.73  106 yr
8.1  107 yr

Chemical atomic masses are from T. B. Coplen, Atomic Weights of the Elements 1999, a technical report to the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, and published in Pure and Applied Chemistry, 73(4), 667683, 2001. Atomic masses of the isotopes are from G. Audi and
A. H. Wapstra, The 1995 Update to the Atomic Mass Evaluation, Nuclear Physics, A595, vol. 4, 409480, December 25, 1995. Percent abundance
values are from K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor, Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1999, a technical report to the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry, and published in Pure and Applied Chemistry, 70(1), 217236, 1998.