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    Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN Routing

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    Sovannara Ly
    CCNA2 Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN Routing

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN Routing

    Uploaded by

    Sovannara Ly
    319 views37 pages
    CCNA2 Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN Routing

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    CCNA2 Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN Routing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    319 views37 pages

    Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN Routing

    Uploaded by

    Sovannara Ly
    CCNA2 Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN Routing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 37

    Chapter 5: Inter-VLAN

    Routing
    Instructor Name: Touch Ra

    Routing & Switching

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Chapter 5
    5.1 Inter-VLAN Routing Configuration
    5.2 Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing
    5.3 Layer 3 Switching
    5.4 Summary

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Chapter 5: Objectives
    Describe the three primary options for enabling inter-VLAN routing.
    Configure legacy inter-VLAN routing.
    Configure router-on-a-stick inter-VLAN routing.
    Troubleshoot common inter-VLAN configuration issues.
    Troubleshoot common IP addressing issues in an inter-VLAN-routed
    environment.
    Configure inter-VLAN routing using Layer 3 switching.
    Troubleshoot inter-VLAN routing in a Layer 3-switched environment.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    5.1 Inter-VLAN Routing


    Configuration

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Inter-VLAN Routing Operation

    What is Inter-VLAN routing?


    Layer 2 switches cannot forward traffic between VLANs without the
    assistance of a router.
    Inter-VLAN routing is a process for forwarding network traffic from
    one VLAN to another, using a router.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Inter-VLAN Routing Operation

    Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing


    In the past:
    Actual routers were used to route between VLANs.
    Each VLAN was connected to a different physical router interface.
    Packets would arrive on the router through one through interface,
    be routed and leave through another.
    Because the router interfaces were connected to VLANs and had
    IP addresses from that specific VLAN, routing between VLANs was
    achieved.
    Large networks with large number of VLANs required many router
    interfaces.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Inter-VLAN Routing Operation

    Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing


    The router-on-a-stick approach uses a different path to route
    between VLANs.
    One of the routers physical interfaces is configured as a 802.1Q
    trunk port so it can understand VLAN tags.
    Logical subinterfaces are created; one subinterface per VLAN.
    Each subinterface is configured with an IP address from the VLAN it
    represents.
    VLAN members (hosts) are configured to use the subinterface
    address as a default gateway.
    Only one of the routers physical interface is used.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Inter-VLAN Routing Operation

    Multilayer Switch Inter-VLAN Routing


    Multilayer switches can perform Layer 2 and Layer 3 functions,
    replacing the need for dedicated routers.
    Multilayer switches support dynamic routing and inter-VLAN routing.
    The multilayer switch must have IP routing enabled.
    A switch virtual interface (SVI) exists for VLAN 1 by default. On a
    multilayer switch, a logical (layer 3) interface can be configured for
    any VLAN.
    The switch understands network-layer PDUs; therefore, can route
    between its SVIs, just as a router routes between its interfaces.
    With a multilayer switch, traffic is routed internal to the switch device.
    This routing process is a suitable and scalable solution.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing

    Preparation

    Legacy inter-VLAN routing requires routers to have multiple


    physical interfaces.
    Each one of the routers physical interfaces is connected to a
    unique VLAN.
    Each interface is also configured with an IP address for the subnet
    associated with the particular VLAN.
    Network devices use the router as a gateway to access the
    devices connected to the other VLANs.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing

    Preparation (cont.)

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    10

    Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing

    Switch Configuration

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    11

    Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing

    Router Interface Configuration

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    12

    Configure Router-on-a-Stick

    Preparation

    An alternative to legacy inter-VLAN routing is to use VLAN trunking


    and subinterfaces.
    VLAN trunking allows a single physical router interface to route
    traffic for multiple VLANs.
    The physical interface of the router must be connected to a trunk
    link on the adjacent switch.
    On the router, subinterfaces are created for each unique VLAN.
    Each subinterface is assigned an IP address specific to its subnet
    or VLAN and is also configured to tag frames for that VLAN.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    13

    Configure Router-on-a-Stick

    Switch Configuration

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    14

    Configure Router-on-a-Stick

    Router Subinterface Configuration

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    15

    Configure Router-on-a-Stick

    Verifying Subinterfaces

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    16

    Configure Router-on-a-Stick

    Verifying Subinterfaces (cont.)

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    17

    Configure Router-on-a-Stick

    Verifying Routing
    Access to devices on remote VLANs can be tested using
    the ping command.
    The ping command sends an ICMP echo request to the
    destination address.
    When a host receives an ICMP echo request, it responds with an
    ICMP echo reply.
    Tracert is a useful utility for confirming the routed path taken
    between two devices.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    18

    6.2 Troubleshoot InterVLAN Routing

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    19

    Inter-VLAN Configuration Issues

    Switch Port Issues


    When using the legacy routing model, ensure that the switch ports
    connect to the router interfaces and are configured with the correct
    VLANs.
    Use the switchport access vlan [appropriate vlan#]
    command to correct any erroneous VLAN port assignment.
    Ensure that the router is connected to the correct switch port.
    When using router-on-a-stick, ensure that the switch port
    connected to the router is configured as a trunk link.
    Use the switchport mode trunk command to make the
    switch port a trunk.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    20

    Inter-VLAN Configuration Issues

    Verify Switch Configuration

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    21

    Inter-VLAN Configuration Issues

    Verify Router Configuration


    With router-on-a-stick configurations, a common problem is
    assigning the wrong VLAN ID to the subinterface.
    The show interface command can help detect this problem.
    If this is the case, use the encapsulation dot1q <vlan_id>
    interface command to fix the problem.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    22

    Inter-VLAN Configuration Issues

    Verify Router Configuration (cont.)

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    23

    IP Addressing Issues

    Errors with IP Address and Subnet Masks


    When using legacy inter-VLAN routing, ensure that the router has
    the correct IP address and mask on the interfaces connecting to
    the switch.
    Ensure that the network devices are configured with the correct IP
    address and mask.
    In the router, use the ip address command to fix any erroneous
    IP assignments.
    In the PCs, refer to the installed operating system documentation
    to properly change IP information.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    24

    IP Addressing Issues

    Verifying IP Address and Subnet Mask


    Configuration Issues
    Use the show ip interface command to verify if the correct IP
    address is configured in the router.
    Use the show running-config when troubleshooting routerrelated problems.
    When troubleshooting addressing issues, ensure that the
    subinterface is configured with the correct address for that VLAN.
    Subinterface IDs are often configured to match the VLAN number,
    which makes it easier to manage inter-VLAN configuration, but this
    is not a requirement.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    25

    5.3 Layer 3 Switching

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    26

    Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration

    Introduction to Layer 3 Switching


    Layer 3 switches usually have packet-switching throughputs in the
    millions of packets per second (pps).
    All Catalyst multilayer switches support the following types of Layer 3
    interfaces:

    Routed port

    Switch virtual interface (SVI)

    High-performance switches, such as the Catalyst 6500 and Catalyst


    4500, are able to perform most of the routers functions.
    Several models of Catalyst switches require enhanced software for
    specific routing protocol features.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    27

    Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration

    Inter-VLAN Routing with Switch Virtual Interfaces


    Todays routing has become faster and cheaper and can be
    performed at hardware speed.
    Routing can be transferred to core and distribution devices with
    little to no impact on network performance.
    Many users are in separate VLANs, and each VLAN is usually a
    separate subnet. This implies that each distribution switch must
    have IP addresses matching each access switch VLAN.
    Layer 3 (routed) ports are normally implemented between the
    distribution and the core layer. This model is less dependent on
    spanning tree, because there are no loops in the Layer 2 portion of
    the topology.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    28

    Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration

    Inter-VLAN Routing with SVIs (Cont.)


    By default, an SVI is created for the default VLAN (VLAN 1). This
    allows for remote switch administration.
    Any additional SVIs must be created by the administrator.
    SVIs are created the first time the VLAN interface configuration
    mode is entered for a particular VLAN SVI.
    Enter the interface vlan 10 command to create an SVI
    named VLAN 10.
    The VLAN number used corresponds to the VLAN tag associated
    with data frames on an 802.1Q encapsulated trunk.
    When the SVI is created, ensure that the specific VLAN is present in
    the VLAN database.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    29

    Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration

    Inter-VLAN Routing with SVIs (Cont.)


    SVIs advantages include:

    Presentation_ID

    Much faster than router-on-a-stick, because everything is


    hardware-switched and routed.

    No need for external links from the switch to the router for
    routing.

    Not limited to one link. Layer 2 EtherChannels can be used


    between the switches to get more bandwidth.

    Latency is much lower, because it does not need to leave the


    switch.

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    30

    Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration

    Inter-VLAN Routing with Routed Ports


    A routed port is a physical port that acts similarly to an interface on a
    router.
    Routed ports are not associated with any VLANs.
    Layer 2 protocols, such as STP, do not function on a routed interface.
    Routed ports on a Cisco IOS switch do not support subinterfaces.
    To configure routed ports, use the no switchport interface
    configuration mode command.
    Note: Routed ports are not supported on Catalyst 2960 Series
    switches.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    31

    Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration

    Configuring Static Routes on a Catalyst 2960


    The Cisco Switch Database Manager (SDM) provides multiple
    templates for the Cisco Catalyst 2960 switch.
    The SDM lanbase-routing template can be enabled to allow the
    switch to route between VLANs and to support static routing.
    Use the show sdm prefer command to verify which template is
    in use.
    The SDM template can be changed in global configuration mode
    with the sdm prefer command.

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    32

    Troubleshooting Layer 3 Switching

    Layer 3 Switch Configuration Issues


    To troubleshoot Layer 3 switching issues, verify the following for
    accuracy:
    VLANs

    VLANs must be defined across all the switches.

    VLANs must be enabled on the trunk ports.

    Ports must be in the right VLANs.

    SVIs

    Presentation_ID

    SVIs must have the correct IP address or subnet mask.

    SVIs must be up.

    SVIs must match with the VLAN number.

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    33

    Troubleshooting Layer 3 Switching

    Layer 3 Switching Configuration Issues (Cont.)


    To troubleshoot Layer 3 switching issues, verify the following for
    accuracy:
    Routing

    Routing must be enabled.

    Each interface or network should be added to the routing


    protocol.

    Hosts

    Presentation_ID

    Hosts must have the correct IP address or subnet mask.

    Hosts must have a default gateway associated with an SVI or


    routed port.

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    34

    Chapter 5: Summary
    This chapter described and explained the following concepts:
    Inter-VLAN routing, the process of routing traffic between different
    VLANs, using either a dedicated router or a multilayer switch
    Legacy, router-on-a-stick, and multilayer switch inter-VLAN routing
    Layer 3 switching, SVIs, and routed ports
    Troubleshooting inter-VLAN routing with a router or a Layer 3
    switch
    Common errors involving VLAN, trunk, Layer 3 interface, and IP
    address configurations

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    35

    Chapter 5: Summary

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    36

    Presentation_ID

    2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Cisco Confidential

    37

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