Databases and Information Management: Deepali Bhardwaj

Databases and Information
Management
Presented By:
Deepali Bhardwaj
Data Lifecycle
12/07/2021 ITBTI- Databases and Information Management 2

Data Management

File Organization Concepts
Describes an Entity: Person, Place, thing or
event for which information is stored
Attribute: Characteristic or quality describing

an Entity
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Traditional File Processing
Flat Files / ISAM Files
• Data Redundancy &

Inconsistency
• Program-Data Dependence
• Lack of Flexibility
• Security
• Lack of Data Sharing

Database Management Approach
An approach to
 the storage and processing of data in which
 independent files are consolidated into a common pool,
called a database,
 of records available to different application programs and end
users for processing and data retrieval.
A database is an integrated collection of logically related

records and files.

Database Management Systems
Interface between physical data files and application programs
Separates logical and physical views of data
Major data functions
 Maintains centralized data efficiently
 Data profiling and filtering
 Data quality
 Data synchronization
 Data enrichment

Components Of DBMS
Data definition language (schema):
 Specify the structure
 Create database tables
Data dictionary (stored data definitions)
Data manipulation language:
 Tools to access, manipulate information e.g. SQL(Structured
Query Language)
 Add, delete, retrieve and update the data from the database

DBMS Addresses Traditional File Issues
Reduces redundancy by minimizing isolated files
Uncouples programs from data
 Reduces maintenance cost
Allows adhoc queries
Central management if data also addresses the security
concerns

Database Models: Relational DBMS
(RDBMS)
Data in one table (file) can be related to data in another.
Flexible, dynamic relationship building
Example: Oracle, IBM’s DB2
Table 2
Table 1

Relational DBMS Key Field(Primary Field)
SELECT PART.Part_Number,
PART.Part_Name,
Foreign Key
SUPPLIER.Supplier_Number,
SUPPLIER.Supplier_Names
FROM PART, SUPPLIER
WHERE PART.Supplier_Number =
SUPPLIER.Supplier_Number AND
Part_Number = 137 OR
Part_Number = 150;

Object-oriented Databases
Database of objects (data values + operations).
Enables handling of multimedia
components(graphics, pictures, voice, text, etc.).

Karnataka Government
Designing Databases
Database Design: How the data elements in a database
will be grouped
Logical design(abstract model) vs physical design
Designing process identifies
Relationships between data elements
Grouping, refining and streamlining
Minimize redundant data elements and many to many
relationships
Rationalize (“Normalize”) data

Normalization

Entity Relationship Diagram
One-To-One Class 1 Class 2
Class Student 1 Student 2 Student 3

One-To-Many
Many-To-Many
Student Student Student
1 2 3

Distributed Databases
• Reduce risk of single, massive central site going down

• Increase service responsiveness
• Cost optimization

The Databases Behind
MySpace
Data Warehouse And Data Marts
A data warehouse stores central, current and historical data
that has been extracted from the various operational,
external, and other databases of an organization.
 It is data that is cleaned, transformed and catalogued
 Consolidates and standardizes information
 Can be used for data mining, OLAP and decision support
purposes
Data Mart is Decentralized, smaller, summarized, highly

focused data put in a separate database, subsets of data
warehouse

Components of a Data Warehouse

Characteristics Of A Data Warehouse
Organizational
Consistent
Integration Time Variant

Data Warehouse
Web-based Non volatile
cc
Client/server Relational

Data Analysis And Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence : enables data consolidation, and
analysis to identify new patterns, relationships, insights
BI Tools include:
 Database query and reporting tools
 Online analytical processing(OLAP):
 Multi-dimensional
data analysis
 Data mining: Discovery driven
Text mining and web mining

 Find hidden patterns and relationships in large databases
 Infer rules to predict future
 Can get Associations, Sequences, Classifications, Clustering,
Forecasting
 Predictive analysis : uses data mining and assumptions about
future conditions to predict outcomes of events

 Multi-dimensional
data analysis
Text mining and web mining

Text mining
 For unstructured data like e-mails, call-center transcripts etc
 Tools to extract key elements, discover patterns and
summarize information
Web mining
 Mining web for insights into customer behavior
 Looks for patterns in data through
 Web Content mining
 Web Structure mining
 Web usage mining

Trouble With The Terrorist
Watch List Database
Managing Data Resources
• Establishing and information policy
• Data Administration
• Developing information policies
• Planning for data
• Overseeing logical database design
• Data dictionary development
• Monitoring the usage of data by techies and non-techies
• Data Governance
• Privacy and security of data
• Quality of data
• Compliance
• Ensuring data quality: accuracy, accessibility, relevance,
timeliness and completeness
Q&A

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Databases and Information

12/07/2021 ITBTI- Databases and Information Management 2

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Attribute: Characteristic or quality describing

Flat Files / ISAM Files

• Data Redundancy &

• Lack of Data Sharing

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A database is an integrated collection of logically related

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One-To-One Class 1 Class 2

Class Student 1 Student 2 Student 3

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• Reduce risk of single, massive central site going down

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Data Mart is Decentralized, smaller, summarized, highly

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Integration Time Variant

Web-based Non volatile

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12/07/2021 MIS- Databases and Information Management 22

future conditions to predict outcomes of events

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 Web usage mining

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