Port Infrastructure In India

Bhavik Chauhan (10)

Shreedhar Raikar (43)
Chintan Shah (45)
Gaurav Vora (60)
Flow of presentation..
Topic Responsibility
Modes of Transportation, Sea Transport In Chintan Shah (45)
India, Major-Minor Ports – Introduction

JNPT, NSCIT & GTI Shreedhar Raikar (43)

Foreign Ports Gaurav Vora (60)
Emerging Opportunities in Port Sector Bhavik Chauhan (10)
Ports comparison &
infrastructure facilities
- India Profile & Present Transport Scenario
- Indian Port Sector
- Current News & Trends

Chintan Shah (45)

Profile of India
 Area: 3.3 million Sq. Kms.

 Population: 1.15 billion (As of July 2009)

 GDP: 1100 US $ billion.

 Per capita income: 1220 US $

Present Scenario of Transport Sector
 Total Road Length: 3.38 million kms.
 Railways: Track Kms- 108706
 Ports: 12 Major and 195 Minor Ports.
 Airports: 5 International, 87 Domestic
 Inland Waterways: National Waterways
2716 kms. Total Navigable length 14,544
kms of Major rivers and 485 kms of
canals.
Transport Demand Handled by Sub Sectors.
 Road Transport:
 Passenger Movement : 3000 bpk.
 Goods Movement: 800 btk
 Rail Transport:
 Passenger Movement: 4833 millon
 Freight Movement: 473.5 million tonnes.
 Ports
 Freight Handled- 276 million tonnes (Major Ports).
 Freight Handled: 36 million tonnes (Minor Ports)

 Airports:
 Passengers: 11,235 million seat kms.
 Freight : 1138 Tonne kms
Managerial Responsibility
 ROADS : MoRTH, NHAI, State PWDs,
Panchayati Raj/ Rural Engineering
Departments, Municipalities and UDAs.
 RAILWAYS: Ministry of Railways.
 PORTS: Ministry of Surface Transport.
 AIRPORTS: Ministry of Civil Aviation, Airport
Authority of India.
 WATERWAYS: Ministry of Water Resources,
State PWDs.
System Development Policies and
Responsibility.
 Each Sub Sector of transport has its own
developmental policy, targets and approaches.
 Each Ministry or Organization responsible, will
prepare action plans at different levels under the
overall policy and approval of Planning
Commission.
 Co-ordination and establishment of compatibility is
the responsibility of the Planning Commission.
Requirement of Sea Port
Unless there is logistic chain available for global supply,
Industrialization will not materialize.
As 95% volume of trade is through Sea Ports, Sea Ports became
a vital link for development of the area.

To boost the economy, SEZ will be main drivers of EXIM Trade
Indian Port Sector
India has an extensive coastline of 7,500 Km. EXIM Trade of India passes
through sea ports 95% by volume and 70% by value.
It has 12 Major Ports, 6 each on East and West Coast.
Any port with two or more berths and facilities and equipment capable of
discharging 100,000 tons of cargo per month from ocean-going ships is called as
major port. A port having facilities for the discharge of cargo from coasters or
lighters only is called a minor or non-major port.
India has 187 Non-Major Ports, which are under administration of their
respective State Governments. Non-Major Ports currently handles around 27%
of the total port traffic.
Traffic at Major Ports increasing at the rate of 10% annually for last 5 years
Port Development in India has been closely associated with the growth of the
Country’s economy.
Rapid growth in port sector with private sector participation is taking place.
Sea Ports of Maharashtra
Maharashtra has 720 Kms of sea coast
2 Major Ports - Mumbai and JNPT
50 Non-Major Ports
Priority to 7 sites for developments of Ports
These are: Vadhavan, Dighi, Dabhol, Jaigad,
Ganeshpule, Redi and Vijaydurg
MAJOR PORTS :
CONTAINER TRAFFIC AND SHARE OF MUMBAI REIGON
In ‘000 TEUs
Sr. YEAR ALL INDIA JN MUMBAI MUMBAI % SHARE OF
No. PORT REIGON MUMBAI
PORT REGION
WRT TOTAL
ALL INDIA
TRAFFIC
1 2002-03 3,344 1,929 213 2,142 64.06

2 2003-04 3,906
2,269 196 2,465 63.11

3 2004-05 4,233 2,371 219 2,590 61.19

4 2005-06 4,613
2,668 156 2,824 61.22

5 2006-07 5,436
3,298 128 3,426 63.02

13
Current News
 All major ports together have handled cargo throughput of
5303.55 lakh tonnes in 2008-09 which is 2.13% higher than
previous year.
 JNPT has emerged as premier port of the country with
highest container throughput of 505.89 lakh tonnes.
 Kandla Port has emerged as first port of the country with
highest cargo throughput of 722.25 lakh tonnes.
 Visakhapatnam Port has emerged as second port of the
country with cargo throughput of 639.08 lakh tonnes.
Portwise Traffic of Major Ports during
Apr-Mar 2009 (all figures in lakh tonnes)
 Kolkota Dock System - 124.28
 Haldia Dock Complex - 416.23
 Paradip Port Trust - 464.12
 Vishakhapatnam Port Trust - 639.08
 Chennai Port Trust - 574.91
 Tuticorin Port Trust -220.11
 Cochin Port Trust -152.28
 New Mangalore Port Trust -366.91
 Mormugao Port Trust -416.81
 Mumbai Port Trust - 518.76
 JNPT- 572.81
 Kandla Port Trust- 722.25
Current Trends
Under the global liberalization, consumerism is increasing
by leaps and bounds, at the same time consumers are
expecting best quality products at the best price.
This has prompted multinationals/manufacturers to find
suitable site which will have the following advantages:
 Availability of qualified technical work force
 Low capital cost
 Minimum logistic cost

Hence multinationals predominantly changing over to

consolidated manufacturing facility over multiple
manufacturing units to supply products globally.
Ports comparison &
infrastructure facilities
- Comparison of major ports
- JNPT port infrastructure facilities

Shridhar Raikar (43)

 Port Ranking Model

Operational Physical
Performance Indicators Facilities Indicator

Average turn around time Number Of Berths

Average Pre-Berthing Time Channel Depth

Average Output Per Ship Berth day Storage Area

Volume Of Cargo Handled Number Of Cranes

Capacity Utilization Number of Other Equipments

VesselHandled Cargo Handling capacity

Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust
About JNPT
 JNPT was commissioned on 26th May,1989
It became the first Indian port to handle 1 lac TEUs in
2000-01
It incorporates three container handling terminals :
 JNPCT
 NSICT
 GTIPL
PROPOSED
330 M.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT
EXTENSION
OF
BERTH

NSICT

JNP CT
SHALLOW BERTH

GTIPL

BPCL JETTY

FOURTH CONTAINER
TERMINAL
MARINE
CHEMICAL
TERMINAL PROPOSED

24
Performance statistics
10
9.03
9 ATAT
8
7
6
5
4
3 2.34
1.96 1.67
2
1
0
1996 2002 2006 2007
Performance statistics
2.5
2.17 APBT
2

1.5

1 0.88 0.92
0.65
0.5

0
1996 2002 2006 2007
Facilities at JNPT
Quay cranes
1. PANAMAX
2. POST PANAMAX
3. SUPER POST PANAMAX
Rubber tyred gantry cranes
Rail mounted gantry cranes
Reach stacker
Straddle Carrier
Containers

Refrigerated Containers Dry Cargo Container Tank Container

Bulk Container Ventilated Container Open Top Container

Containers

Flat rack container 45 feet Container

 JNPIT v/s NSICT v/s GTIPL

CONTAINER TERMINAL JNPCT NSICT GTIPL TOTAL

QUAY LENGTH (Mtrs.) 680 600 712 1,992

DESIGN CAPACITY IN MIL. TEUs 1.1 1.2 1.3 3.6 (45.00)

(In Million Tonnes/Year)
REEFER POINTS (Nos.) 320 772 504 1,596
RMQCs (Nos.) 8 8 10 24
RTGCs (Nos.) 18 29 29 76
RMGCs (Nos.) 5 3 3 11
CFS
Sr. Name of CFS Area Capacity Import Deliveries
No. (Sq. Mtrs) (TEUs/Year) JNP CT : 2006-07
1 JNP CFS 215,000 120,000 16,567
2 CWC – D’ Node 160,000 90,000 --
3 Maersk CFS 67,700 90,000 15,804
4 Punjab Conware CFS 1,07,000 72,000 2,742
5 Gateway Distriparks 141685 180,000 71,871
6 Balmer Lawrie 80,000 75,000 29,141
7 Transindia Logistic Parks 76,000 40,000 50,776
8 ULA 50,000 25,000 26,609
9 Sea Bird Marine Services 25,000 50,000 9,572
10 CONCOR DRT 189,261 72,000 6,951
11 CWC Kalamboli 43,905 48,000 415
12 CWC Distripark 125,000 60,000 17,904
13 MSWC 35,510 36,000 1,088
14 Continental Warehousing Corpn. (CWC-NSL) 141,160 36,000 9,286
15 JWC Logistic Park (ICD) 68,000 50,000 2,784
16 Maersk CFS – D’ Node 56,050 60,000 3,411
17 Preeti Logitics 120,000 15,000 2,161
18 Cwc Impex 35,000 48,000 2,650
19 Forbes-Gokak CFS 50,000 40,000 --
20 CWC CFS Logistic Park (Hind Terminals Ltd.) 300,817 72,000 --
Total 2,087,158 1,279,000 269,732
BPCL Jetty
Operated on BOT basis
Is functional from March
2002
Twin berth liquid cargo
jetty
A 300 mtrs long and 40.5
mtrs. wide Jetty.  
Capacity to accommodate
two vessels
Capacity5.5 million
tonnes per annum
Port Operations
 Registration & Generating
Pre-Gate Driver license truck event & Work flow of
checking pick up tickets
import
Empty truck movement
containers at
At Terminal Checking truck Physical Gate JNPT
Gate no. by CISF in

Inside Ship arrival at Offloading in

terminal berth import yard

ICD Container Import

yard
Other than ICD Container
ICD container Loading
rail out imports on
truck
Loaded Truck movement
Checking Checking EIR
At Terminal truck no. & EIR
out gate generation & containers
EIR by CISF details

Exit
 Registration & Generating
Pre-Gate Driver license truck event &
checking EIR
Loaded truck movement Checking
At Terminal Checking truck Physical Gate physical details
Gate no. by CISF in of container by
Gate keeper
Loaded truck movement
Inside Normal Container Export Reefer Container
terminal yard
Truck Movement
Checking EIR Offloading in Checking EIR
Offloading in
and Container reefer yard & and Container
Export yard
details plugging details

Work flow of
At Terminal Empty truck Export
out gate gate out containers at
JNPT

Exit
International Ports
-Port of Rotterdam
-Port of Singapore
-Indian Ports & International Ports

Gaurav Vora (60)

Port of Rotterdam
Port of Rotterdam
 World-class industrial complex

 Hub for the international flow of goods

 Largest seaport in Europe

 From 1962 to 2004, it was the World’s Busiest Port

 It is deep enough to accommodate the largest vessels in the

world, such as mammoth tankers, ore carriers and
container vessels
Port of Rotterdam
 Imports increased by 4.1% to more than 313 million in 2007

 Exports fell by 0.3% to 108 million tons in the same year

 Goods throughput increased by 2.9%

Goods Throughput
Incoming & Outgoing Cargo,2007
Singapore Port
Singapore Port
 The port is the World’s busiest Port in terms of shipping
tonnage handled, with 1.15 billion Gross Tonnes(GT)
handled in 2005

 Retains its position as the world's busiest hub for

transshipment traffic

 World's biggest bunkering hub, with 25 million tonnes sold

 Singapore is ranked first globally in 2005 in terms of

containerized traffic, with 23.2 million (TEUs) handled
Singapore Port
Has four container terminals that handled close to 23
million TEUs

85% is transshipment container traffic and only 15% is

domestic consumption
International Ports
- OVERVIEW
e-Environment With ERP
Entire business processes is in an e-environment

Simplified complex and cumbersome import

procedures, policies and practices
Port Infrastructure
Feature Port of Rotterdam
Port Area 10,500 ha
Area of Water 3,500 ha
Total Port Length 40 km
Pipelines 1500 km
Quay Length 77 km
Tank Storage 33.3 Million m3
Terminal (all private) 59
Oil Jetties 122
Dry Docks 16
Cargo Traffic
Maritime trade contributes more than 90% of the total
volume of the ex-im trade.
Cargo Traffic
High Volume of cargo traffic
Cater to transshipment traffic
Vessel Traffic
Around 1.5 lakh vessels per year of different sizes

Available draught range (12m to 23m)

Number of ship movement amounts to over four lakhs

Dwell Time
The duration for which an entity stays in the port for
service
Comparable with international ports
In Days
CARGO INDIAN ROTTERDAM SINGAPORE
TYPE MAJOR PORTS
Import Export Import Export Import Export

Dry Bulk 38 27 14-30 14-30 - -

Break Bulk 15 17 60 60 0.85 0.85

Container 1.88 3.78 4 3 0.6 0.6

Level of Mechanization
High degree of mechanization especially in cargo
handling and information exchange

Discharge/Loading rate is very high

Space
In Rotterdam, the port occupies only 60% of the huge
industrial complex and the remaining 40% comprises
of various industries.

In Singapore , the port complements the various

industries that have established themselves adjacent to
the port
Indian Ports vs Rotterdam Port
LEVEL OF MECHANIZATION
The extent of mechanization is less in The level of mechanization is very
Indian Major Ports high with the latest technologies
applied in all spheres.

LOCATION OF PORT BASED INDUSTRIES

Most of the manufacturing firms are Most of the manufacturing units are
located away from the ports. located within the Port, thereby the
evacuation is very fast.

AVAILABILITY OF STORAGE SPACE

Land is very scarce in Ports. Hence, As so much of land is available at the
evacuation has to take place. Rotterdam Port, the more number of
days the cargo lies inside the Terminal,
the revenue is high to the Terminal
Operator.
Indian Ports vs Rotterdam Port
AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES
Dedicated terminals with less number There is no concept of pre-berthing
of berths. detention as the berths are waiting for
ships and they have longer quay
lengths.
INFORMATION EXCHANGE
EDI implementation is partial. The total EDI networking is complete
Too many human interfaces and and total and hence, there is no
manual exchange of documents. physical movement paper from any
place. Human intervention is almost
nil. All payments are also done
electronically.
CUSTOM’S REGULATIONS FOR CARGO CLEARANCE
All Customs formalities have to be Under the European Union Customs
completed in the respective port itself. formalities, Customs clearance need
not take place at the Port itself, it may
be done beyond the port premises.
Indian Ports vs Singapore Port
AVAILABILITY OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Total number of terminals for handling PSA Singapore has 4 terminals having
the containers at India’s biggest Quay length of 11,754 meters which can
container port – JNPT is 3 terminals accommodate about 41 container
having linear Quay length of 600 vessels at a time.
meters adequate for 9 vessels at a time.
AREA AVAILABLE
JNPT for three terminal is 133ha For 4 terminals is 425 ha
DRAFT
Approx. (-)12 m. There is limitation on Max. draft is more than (-) 16 m and
latest generation vehicles. there is no limitation on the most and
modern generation container vessels.
QUAY CRANES
8 cranes 131 cranes
 Indian Ports vs Singapore Port
CARGO HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS

The total volume of cargo handles at The total volume of cargo handles at
Indian major in 2005-2006 was 423.567 Singapore in 2005-2006 was 423.3
Million Tons. In the handling of Million Tons of which containers
container cargo is only 4613 TEUs. handled was 23.2 million TEUs.
JNPT, India’s biggest container port
handled 2667 TEUs in 2005-2006.
World Port Ranking, 2005
World Port Ranking, 2006
World Port Ranking, 2007
Emerging Opportunities In
Port Sector
- Present Status of Indian Ports (Snapshot)
- Future Traffic Predictions
- Policy Framework for PPP
- Private Investments
- National Maritime Development Programme
- Port Connectivity

Bhavik Chauhan (10)

Present Status of Indian Ports
India’s 12 major Ports + 7517 Km Coastline
 90% by Volume of India’s overall International trade
 70% by Value of India’s overall International trade

Major Ports Non-Major Ports

• 12 Major Ports • 187 Non-Major Ports (61 cargo handling)

• 259 berths • 97 berths
• About 75% of total traffic • About 25% of total traffic
• Total Capacity - 456.2 MTPA (2005-06) • Total Capacity -
• Cargo Handled – 423 MTPA (2005-06) •Cargo Handled – 150 MTPA (2005-06)

Total cargo handled : 573 MTPA (2005-06)

Traffic growing at 10% annually
Present Status of Indian Ports…Cntd
Average Dwell time (2005-06)

Container Terminal at Major Ports Dry bulk Cargo at Major Ports

Imports : 1.88 days Imports : 38 days

Exports: 3.78 days Exports: 27 days
International Benchmark : 0.6 days International Benchmark : 14 days

* Benchmark with Rotterdam and Singapore Ports

Where do we go from here?

Capacity Traffic
Past 1950-51 : 19.38 MT 18 MT
Past 2005-06 : 456 MT 423 MT

Present 2009-10 : 800 MT ---------

Projected 2011-12 : 1300 MT 1011 MT

2013-14 : 1600 MT 1225 MT

2016-17 : 2000 MT 1750 MT

Policy Framework for PPP
 Private sector participation and Joint Ventures
permitted under Major Port Trusts Act
Comprehensive Guidelines 1996
Joint Venture Guidelines 1998
Model Bidding Documents 2000
(including Model Licence Agreement)
 New Model Concession Agreement with further
refinements on the anvil.
Policy Framework for PPP
 100% FDI

 Open Competitive Bidding

 Lease Period of BOT upto 30 years

Construction of cargo handling berths
Container terminals and warehousing facilities
Installation of cargo handling equiptment
Construction of dry docks
Ship repair facilities

 Independent Tariff Regulatory Authority

 All areas of port operation open for Private Sector

Participation
Private Investment
Already Operational
 15 projects - Rs. 4,732 cr ( $ 1052 m)
 7 Container terminals
 4 Liquid cargo berths
 4 Dry bulk cargo berths
Under Implementation
 4 projects - Rs. 2,529 cr ( $ 562 m)
 1 Container terminal
 1 Liquid cargo berth
 2 Dry bulk cargo berths
Private Investment
Major International Players
 Maersk A/S
 Port of Singapore Authority
 Dubai Ports International
 P&O Ports Australia Pty Ltd ( now Dubai
Ports World)
 M/s Portia Management Services Ltd. U.K.
 IQ Martrade Management & Holding
GmbH,Germany
The New Vision
National Maritime Development Programme (2011-12)

Berth development

Deepening to channels

Port Connectivity

Upgradation/Modernization of cargo handling equipments

Total 276 projects

Rs 55,800 cr ( $12.4 billion)

Private Investment anticipated

Rs 34,515 cr ( $ 7.67 billion)

 National Maritime Development
Programme 2011-2012

Berth Construction 76 projects Distribution of Finance Rs.55.8k Crore

Channel Deepening 25 projects

8,347
5,956 Berth Construction
Equipment 52 projects Channel Deepening
2,633 Equipment
32,564
Connectivity
Connectivity 45 projects 6,304 Others

Others 78 projects
Port Connectivity
 Road
Each Major Port to have minimum 4-lane road
connectivity
9 projects – under implementation
299.42 kms
Total cost of Rs.1859 cr.
 Rail
Each Major Port to have double line rail
connectivity
8 projects – under implementation
961.56 kms
Total cost of Rs 2118.84 cr.
 Dedicated High Axle Load Freight Corridor on
Western and Eastern routes
Othet Important Project
Indian Maritime University

Two International Size Shipyards to be set up

Investment in Inland Water Transport

Infrastructure