ENERGY BALANCE FOR A MULTI-PURPOSE INCINERATOR

A1=0.02x H = 0.007x
T=25oC T=871.1oC

W=x
T=25oC Fo = 1.006x
T=871.1oC
Primary chamber
Ash = 0.3x
N = 0.003x HCl =0.089x
HF = 0.0372x
T=25oC SO2 = 0.0007x
NO = 0.0011x
Dioxins = 0.0544x
O2 = 0.0406x
T=871.1oC CO = 0.0258x
N2 = 0.4568x
S = 0.01x
Metals = 0.0169x

Using the energy pool equation

Q = Hout - HIN + Horxn

Hin = 0 (Tref = 25oC)

Hout = nHH2O + nHFo + nHH

Enthalpy of flue gas Fo = cpT

kJ
= 7.696 x (871.1 – 25)
kg o C

kJ
= 6511.586 kg

Enthalpy of slag (from literature) = 1.2MJ/kg (15oC – 1092 oC)

= 1200kJ/kg

Enthalpy of H2O(g) = 26823J/gmol ( at 871 oC)

 kJ
= 26823 kmol

kmol kJ kg kJ
H out  0.0004x  26823  1.006x  6511.589
hr kmol hr kg

kg kJ
+ 0.01x  1200
hr kg

kJ
= 6573.38
hr

Reaction forming CO and H2O (g) from N, W & A1

CH4 + C2H6 + H2 + C + 4502  3CO + 6H2O

H 0rxn, CaO  H 0F, product - H 0F, reactant

= [3(-110.52) + 6(-241.826)] – [-74.84 – 84.66]

= -1782.516 + 159.507

kJ
= -1623.009 gmolCO

kJ
H 0rxn, H O
2 (g) = -1623.009 gmolCO

Reaction of N2 from N and nitrogenous waste from W

N2 + 1/2O2 NO

H 0rxn, NO  H 0F, NO

kJ
= 90.374 gmol NO

Since the waste is ultimately analyzed, then

H 0rxn  H 0F, product

i.e. ½H2 + ½Cl  HCl

H 0rxn  H 0F, Cl = -92.311

Summary of H 0rxn

Comp H 0rxn
kJ mol(gmol) kJ
gmol, comp
HCl -92.311 2.4x -221.546x
HF 64.2 2.0x -128.4x
SO2 296.60 0.011x 3.263x
NO 90.374 0.37x 33.438x
Dioxins 164.6 0.17x -27.982x
CO 1623.009 0.92x -1493.168x
H2O 1623.009 0.4x 649.2036x
_____________
-2462.143xkJ/hr
============

Q = Hout + H rxn
0

= 6573.39xkJ/hr – 2462.143xkJ/hr

= 4111.245x kJ/hr

Hence, the energy required to be supplied by natural gas N and combustion

kJ
of the waste in the primary chamber is 4111.245x
hr

SECONDARY CHAMBER

A2

Fo Secondary F
871.1oC Chamber 1500oC
The reactions in the secondary chamber

CO + ½O2  CO2

NO + ½O2  NO2

H 0rxn, CO  H 0C, CO
2

kJ
=  282.99
gmolCO 2

kJ 0.0406xkg / hr 1000gmol
=  282.99  
gmolCO2 48kg / kmol 1kmol

= -11489.394x kJ/hr

H 0rxn, NO  H 0F, NO  H 0F, NO

2

= 33.85 – 90.374

kJ 0.0169x kg / hr 1000gmol
= 56.524 gmol  46kg / kmol  1kmol

= -955.25x kJ/hr

Average enthalpy of Hout = 5056Bt/lb

Blu 1.055kg lb
= 5056  
lb Btu 0.4

kJ
= 11874.611 kg

kJ kg
 Hout = 11874.611 kg  1.046 hr
 = 12420.843xkJ/hr

 Q = Hout - Hin + H rxn

0

= 12420.843x – 9506.445x + (-11489.394x – 955.25x)

Q = 12420.843x – 21951.089

= -9530.246x kJ/hr

F'
F = 1.046x Heat
1500 oC Exchanger 176.67oC
(350oF)

Since Hin = mFCpTF

11874.611 kJ
Cp 
m F (1500  25) = 7.696 kgo
C

Hout = mF'CpTF' where mF = mF'

11874 .611
= (176.67  25)
1500  25

= 1221.032 kJ/kg

kJ kg
 Q  1221.032  11874.611  1.046x
kg hr

Q = -11143.644x kJ/hr

Quantity of Heat needed to be drawn off the flue gas is -11143.644x

kJ/hr

Cooling water required:

 m Cp T = Q

Q 11143 .644
 
m 
C p T 4.2  30

= 88.44x kg/hr

Quantity of water required to draw off 1143.644x kJ/hr of heat is 88.44x

kg/hr

Bag House

F’ = 1.046x Bag F2 = 0.7291x

(176.67oC) House
176.67oC

S2 = 0.3169x

Since Hout = Hin

Q=0
i.e. the bag house is well lagged.

F2 = 0.7291x F2’ = 0.7291x

Heat
176.67 oC Exchange 140 oC
r

kg kJ
HIN = 0.7291x  7.696 kg o
C  (176.67oC – 25oC)
hr

kJ
= 851.043x
hr

kg kJ
Hout = 0.7291x  7.696 kg o
C  (140oC – 25oC)
hr

kJ
= 645.283x
hr

 Q = Hout - Hin

= (645.283x – 851.043x)

kJ
= -205.760x
hr

Mass flow rate of cooling water required:

 c p T  Q
m

205.760
 
m
4.2  30

kJ
= 1.633x
hr

kJ kJ
Quantity of water required to draw off 205.760x of heat is 1.633x
hr hr
 Selective Catalytic Reduction And Dry Scrubber

C = 0.1719x
H = 0.0221x T = 25oC

F2 = 0.7291x F3 = 0.4974x

T = 140oC T = 140oC

140 140

S3 = 0.275x S4 = 0.1065x

0.1719x kg/hr
Mol of CaO = 56kg / kmol  0.0031 kmol/hr

Reactions occurring are:

CaO + 2Hcl  CaCl2 + H2O

CaO + 2HF  CaF2 + H2O
CaO + SO2  CaSo3
CaO + CO2  CaCO3
By addition 4CaO + 2HCl + 2HF + SO2 + CO2  CaCl2 + CaF2 + CaSO3 +
CaCO3 + 2H2O

 H  H 0F, product - H 0F, reactant

0
rxn, CaO

H 0F, product = -794.9 – 1214.197 – 2021.1 – 12069 – 2(241.826)

= -5720.749kJ/gmol
 H 0F, reactant = 4(-4137.6) – 2(92.311) – 2(268.6128) – 296.9 – 393.51

= -20634.7576kJ/gmol

H 0rxn = -5720.749 + 20634.7576

= -14914.099kJ/gmolCaO

kJ 0.1719xkg/hr 1000gmol
= - 14914.009  
gmolCaO 56kg/kmol 1kmol

= -45780.68xkJ/hr

Specific heat capacity (cal/g mol oC) of the product of reaction

Cp, CaFl2 = 14.7 + 0.00390T

Cp CaCl2 = 16.9 + 0.00396T

Cp, CaSO4 = 18.52 + 0.02197T – 156800T2

307600
Cp, CaCO3 = 19.68 + 0.01189T -
T2

140
Cp,CaFl2 = 25 (14.7  0.0039T )dT

= 28778.106 cal/gmol X 4.184 = -120407.6 kJ/kmol

140
Cp,CaCl2 = 25 (16.9  0.00396T )dT

= 29447.838 cal/gmol X 4.184 = 123209.75 kJ/kmol

140 156800
Cp,CaSO3 = 25
18.52  0.02197T 
T2

= 154424.751 cal/gmol X 4.184 = 646,113.158 kJ/kmol

140  307600 
Cp,CaCO3 = 25
19.784  0.01189T 
 T2 
dT
 = 84260.429 cal/gmol X 4.184 = 352545.637 kJ/kmol

108000
Cp,CaO = 10  0.00484T 
T2

140  108000 
= 
125


10  0.00484T 
T2 
dT

= 944.913cal/g mol x 4.184

0.1719  kg / hr
= 3953.5195 kJ/kmol x 56kg / kmol

= 12.136x kJ/hr

0.0031 kmol
Hs3 =  123209.75  1204076  352545.637  646113.158 
kmol hr

= 11164.534xkJ/hr

kJ
Hs 4  .1065 x   7.696   140  25  44.256 x
hr

kJ
H H 4  0.022  4.2  1 40  25  10.626 x
hr

kJ
H c  3453.5195  0.0045  12.136x
hr

kJ
H F 3  0.4974 7.696140  25  440.219x
hr

H out  11164 .534 x  94.25x  10.626 x  440.219

kJ
= 1661.629 x hr

H in  645.283x  12.136 x

kJ
= 657.419 x
hr
 = H out  H in  H 0rxn

= 7210.43x – 657.419x – 45780.68x

kJ
= 39227.67x
hr

Cooling water flow rate m

 required

Q 39227.67x
 
m 
Cp  T  4.2  30

kg
= 311.33x
hr

F3 = 0.4974 F3 = 0.4974
Heat
140 Exchange 25oC
r

kJ
H in  H F3  440.219x
hr

H out  H F3  0

kJ
Q   H in  440.219x
hr

Mass flow of cooling water required

Q 440.219x
 
m 
Cp T  4.2  30

kg
= 3.494x
hr