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    3 Griffith Theory - 9

    Uploaded by

    purushothamkr
    The document summarizes Griffith's energy balance theory from 1920. It states that the total energy of a cracked system equals the internal elastic strain energy plus the surface energy. As a crack extends, the elastic strain energy decreases while the energy required to create new crack surface area increases. For the crack to propagate in equilibrium, the derivative of the total energy with respect to the crack extension must be zero. The elastic strain energy, surface energy, and specific surface energy are also defined.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    3 Griffith Theory - 9

    Uploaded by

    purushothamkr
    78 views4 pages
    The document summarizes Griffith's energy balance theory from 1920. It states that the total energy of a cracked system equals the internal elastic strain energy plus the surface energy. As a crack extends, the elastic strain energy decreases while the energy required to create new crack surface area increases. For the crack to propagate in equilibrium, the derivative of the total energy with respect to the crack extension must be zero. The elastic strain energy, surface energy, and specific surface energy are also defined.

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    3 Griffith Theory_9

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    The document summarizes Griffith's energy balance theory from 1920. It states that the total energy of a cracked system equals the internal elastic strain energy plus the surface energy. As a crack extends, the elastic strain energy decreases while the energy required to create new crack surface area increases. For the crack to propagate in equilibrium, the derivative of the total energy with respect to the crack extension must be zero. The elastic strain energy, surface energy, and specific surface energy are also defined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views4 pages

    3 Griffith Theory - 9

    Uploaded by

    purushothamkr
    The document summarizes Griffith's energy balance theory from 1920. It states that the total energy of a cracked system equals the internal elastic strain energy plus the surface energy. As a crack extends, the elastic strain energy decreases while the energy required to create new crack surface area increases. For the crack to propagate in equilibrium, the derivative of the total energy with respect to the crack extension must be zero. The elastic strain energy, surface energy, and specific surface energy are also defined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    h a n g e Vi h a n g e Vi

    XC e XC e
    F- w F- w
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    W

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    .d o .c .d o .c
    c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k

    Griffith energy balance (1920)


    Total energy of the system = u
    u = ue +us

    When crack extends by δC:


    ue decreases
    us increases

    For equilibrium:
    du/dC = 0

    ue = elastic strain energy


    us = energy in creating new crack surface area
    γ = specific surface energy (energy per unit area required to break the bonds)
    h a n g e Vi h a n g e Vi
    XC e XC e
    F- w F- w
    PD

    PD
    er

    er
    !

    !
    W

    W
    O

    O
    N

    N
    y

    y
    bu

    bu
    to

    to
    k

    k
    lic

    lic
    C

    C
    w

    w
    m

    m
    w w
    w

    w
    o

    o
    .d o .c .d o .c
    c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k

    Griffith energy balance (1920)

    For equilibrium:
    du/dC = 0

    ue = elastic strain energy


    us = energy in creating new crack surface area
    γ = specific surface energy (energy per unit area required to break the bonds)
    h a n g e Vi h a n g e Vi
    XC e XC e
    F- w F- w
    PD

    PD
    er

    er
    !

    !
    W

    W
    O

    O
    N

    N
    y

    y
    bu

    bu
    to

    to
    k

    k
    lic

    lic
    C

    C
    w

    w
    m

    m
    w w
    w

    w
    o

    o
    .d o .c .d o .c
    c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k

    Griffith energy balance (1920)

    • Mechanical energy, Um: πC σ


    __
    2 2
    Um = A
    – from Inglis (1913) E

    • Surface energy, Us: U s = 4Cγ

    • Total energy, U = Um+Us:

    − πC σ 2 2
    U= + 4Cγ A
    E
    h a n g e Vi h a n g e Vi
    XC e XC e
    F- w F- w
    PD

    PD
    er

    er
    !

    !
    W

    W
    O

    O
    N

    N
    y

    y
    bu

    bu
    to

    to
    k

    k
    lic

    lic
    C

    C
    w

    w
    m

    m
    w w
    w

    w
    o

    o
    .d o .c .d o .c
    c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k

    Griffith strength relation (1920)

    σ F = 2 Eγ / πc
    σF = failure stress
    E = Young’s modulus
    c = crack half-length

    ue = elastic strain energy – from Inglis (1913) analysis


    us = energy in creating new crack surface area = 4Cγ
    γ = specific surface energy (energy per unit area required to break the bonds)

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