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Problem39 52

This document discusses the wave nature of electrons in solids. It calculates: 1) The typical wavelength (λ) of electrons in a solid based on the material's properties and temperature. 2) The expected volume (Vwave) of a solid if it was treated as an electron gas versus the actual volume (VReal), finding VReal is much smaller indicating the wave nature is important. 3) By calculating the number of electrons in a sample and Vwave, it finds Vwave is much larger than the actual volume, showing the wave nature of electrons must be considered.

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15 views

Problem39 52

This document discusses the wave nature of electrons in solids. It calculates: 1) The typical wavelength (λ) of electrons in a solid based on the material's properties and temperature. 2) The expected volume (Vwave) of a solid if it was treated as an electron gas versus the actual volume (VReal), finding VReal is much smaller indicating the wave nature is important. 3) By calculating the number of electrons in a sample and Vwave, it finds Vwave is much larger than the actual volume, showing the wave nature of electrons must be considered.

Uploaded by

IENCS
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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h h h h

λ    .
39.52: a)  p 2mE 3 3mkT
2m( kT )
2
b) We would roughly expect the length scale of the problem to go like V 1 3 (e.g., for a

cube
V  l so l  v
3 1 3 and for a sphere V  4 πR , so R  ( 3 V
3
3

4π
13
 V 1 3 ). Let n

be the number of molecules along one length (again, think of a cube) so that n 3  N , the total
number of particles in the volume. So n  N 1 3 . Thus, the typical spacing between particles is
13
l V 
  . The exact relationship will change depending on the geometry, but the scaling is
n N
correct up to a multiplicative constant.
13 13
V  h V  Nh 3
c)  λ       V  .
N 3mkT  N   3mkT  3 2

 6.02  10 particles mol 1.00 mol  6.63  10 J  s 
23 34 3

 3.03  10 8 m 3
d)  Vwave
 3  2.66  10 kg  1.38  10 J K   293 K  
 26  23 32

 30.3 mm3 .
NkT
PV  NkT  VSTP 
P


 6.02  10 23
 
particles mol 1.00 mol 1.38  10 23 J K  293 K  

1.01  105 Pa 
 VSTP  0.0241 m  2.41  10 7 mm 3 .
3

 VSTP is far larger than V wave so the wave nature is not important.
1.00 kg
e) N   5.59  10 24 Ag atoms(  conduction e).
1.79  10 25 kg atom
(5.59  1024 electrons)(6.63  1034 J  s)3
  Vwave   31  23
 1.40 m 3 .
[(3)(9.11 10 kg)(1.38 10 J K)(293 K)]3 2

1.00 kg 5
  VReal  1.05  10 4 kg m 3  9.52  10 m .
3

The real volume is much smaller than the wave limit volume. So, the wave nature of the
electrons must be accounted for.

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