Kinetic Theory of Gases

PHYSICS TUTORIAL
TOPIC 15 : KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
1. The root mean square speed of the H2 molecules is

A 〈vrm
2
s 〉
kT
B v2 = 3
m
kT
C 3
m
kT
D 3
m
2. A diatomic gas is at temperature of 600K. What is the mean kinetic energy of

each of these molecules?
A 4.14 x10 20 J
B 2.07 x10 −20 J
C 4.14 x10 −20 J
D 2.07 x10 20 J
3. The following statements are the kinetic theory of gases EXCEPT

A there are intermolecular forces during collisions.
B the gas molecules move haphazardly and randomly.
C molecular collisions are elastic.
D the molecular motion was affected by its mass and velocity.
4. 10g NO2 occupies 4.0 x10 −5 m 3 at a temperature of 450K. Calculate the

pressure of the gas.
A 5.61x10 9 Nm −2
B 2.03 x10 7 Nm −2
C 1.56 x10 7 Nm −2
D 4.30 x10 8 Nm −2
5. Which of the following statements is FALSE.

A The internal energy of n moles of a gas consisting of molecules with a
f
total of f degrees of freedom is NkT
2
2  N  1 2 
B The pressure of an ideal gas can be expressed as   m〈v 〉 
3  V  2 
f
C kT could be explained as the rule of equipartition of energy.
2
D Boltzman’s constant is the same for all types of gases provided they
behave as ideal gas, thus the ideal gas equation can be written as
PV = nRT
6. State the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases
7. Define the degrees of freedom of a molecule
8. State the principle of equipartition of energy
9. State the factors that influence the components of the internal energy of a real gas
10. If the mean square speed of the molecules at temperature To and pressure po is
V,calculate V when the temperature is raised from 100oC to 200oC
11. A vessel of volume 29 liters contains 2.5 moles of gas at 30ºC.

(a)Calculate the gas pressure.
(b)If the gas is neon, calculate the mass of the gas in the vessel.
Molar gas constant = 8.31J mol K ; relative atomic mass of neon = 40
12. (a) i. State Boyle’s Law .

ii. Sketch a graph p against V
(b) Define the ideal gas equation and write the unit for each terms.
13. How many atoms of helium gas fill a balloon having a diameter of 30.0 cm at
(a) 20.0ºC at 1.00 atm
(b) Calculate the average kinetic energy of the helium atoms.
(c) Calculate the rms speed of the helium atoms.
14. (a) A vessel contains N molecules of an ideal monoatomic gas at a pressure p and
temperature T. Write an expression for the total kinetic energy of the molecule in
terms of N, T, and K (Boltzman constant).
(b) An additional N molecules of the same gas is introduced into the vessel and the
total kinetic energy remains unchanged. Discuss the variation of the temperature
and the gas pressure.
ANSWER SCHEME
TOPIC 15 : KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

1.C
2.B
3.D
4.B
5.A
6. .Assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases

a) Each atoms is very small in size so that its volume may be neglected
b) The atoms are perpetually in motion in a random manner
c) The collisions between the atoms and the inner walls of the vessel
are perfectly elastic
d) The time duration of the collision is very short so that it is negligible
compared with the time interval between collisions
e) Attractive intermolecular forces acting on the atoms are negligible
.
7. The number of independent coordinates required to describe its motion /the
Independent ways in which molecule can possess the mechanical energy of the
molecule.
8. the energy that is distributed equally among all the effective degrees of freedom of the
gas.
9. .State the factors that influence each component of the internal energy of a real gas
Potential energy – Pressure of the gas
Kinetic energy – Temperature of the gas
3nkT
10. Vrms =
2
3kT
Vo=
2
1/ 2
V0 T 
=  O 
V1  T1 
VO
V1 =
(100 / 200 ) 1 / 2
V
= = 1.4Vo
(100 / 200 ) 1/2
11.
a. pV=nRT
nRT
p=
V
( 2.5)( 8.31)( 30 + 273 )
=
30 x10 −3
=2.1 x 105 Pa
m
b. . n=
M
=(2.5)(0.04)
=0.10 kg
12. a)
i. Boyle’s Law-When a gas is kept at a constant temperature, its pressure is
inversely proportional to the volume.
ii.
P/Pa
T2
T1
V m-3
b. pV=nRT
P - Pa
V - m3
n - mol
R - Jmol-1K-1
T – Kelvin
13.
4 3 4
a. The volume is V= πr = π (0.150m)3 = 1.41x10-2m3
3 3
PV
n= = (1.013X105 N/m2)(1.41x10-2 m3
RT
= 0.588 mol
N= nNA = (0.588 mol)(6.02x1023 molecules/mol)
= 3.54x1023 helium atoms
b. .The kinetic energy is

1 3
K= mv2 = kBT
2 2
3
= (1.38x10-23 J/k)(293 k) = 6.07x10-21J
2
c. .An He atom has mass

M 4.0026 g / mol
m= =
NA 6.02 x10 23
= 6.65x10-24g
so the kinetic energy is

1
(6.65x10-27kg)v2 = 6.07x10-21J
2
2
Vrms= V = 1.35 km /s
14. a) For the monoatomic gas, f = 3

3
Mean kinetic energy of gas molecule = kT
2
3
Total kinetic energy of of N molecules = NkT
2
b) With additional N molecules, total number of molecules =2N if T1 = new
temperature, since total kinetic energy remains unchanged,
3 3
(2N)   kT1 = NkT
2 2
T
T1=
2
T
At temperature T, <C12> α
2
1
<C12> = <C2>
2
1
Using p = p <C2> at temperature = T
2
T 1
At temperature T1 = p1 = (2p) <C12>
2 3
1 C 2  1
= (2p)  
 = p <C2> = p
2  2  2
That is the pressure remains unchanged

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PHYSICS TUTORIAL

TOPIC 15 : KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

1. The root mean square speed of the H2 molecules is

2. A diatomic gas is at temperature of 600K. What is the mean kinetic energy of

3. The following statements are the kinetic theory of gases EXCEPT

4. 10g NO2 occupies 4.0 x10 −5 m 3 at a temperature of 450K. Calculate the

5. Which of the following statements is FALSE.

6. State the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases

7. Define the degrees of freedom of a molecule

8. State the principle of equipartition of energy

11. A vessel of volume 29 liters contains 2.5 moles of gas at 30ºC.

12. (a) i. State Boyle’s Law .

TOPIC 15 : KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

6. .Assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases

b. .The kinetic energy is

c. .An He atom has mass

so the kinetic energy is

14. a) For the monoatomic gas, f = 3

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