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    Problem and Its Background

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    jun_pascua
    The document discusses the problem of charcoal becoming scarce due to deforestation from harvesting trees to make charcoal. It contributes to environmental and health issues. Alternatives to wood charcoal are needed. The Aurora State College of Technology has developed a charcoal alternative using a mixture of biomass waste like leaves, coconut shells, and rice hulls. It is more sustainable and can save thousands of trees per year. Related literature discusses the growing demand for charcoal contributing to forest depletion and various alternatives being researched and developed including using banana peels and coconut shells.

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    Problem and Its Background

    Uploaded by

    jun_pascua
    4K views5 pages
    The document discusses the problem of charcoal becoming scarce due to deforestation from harvesting trees to make charcoal. It contributes to environmental and health issues. Alternatives to wood charcoal are needed. The Aurora State College of Technology has developed a charcoal alternative using a mixture of biomass waste like leaves, coconut shells, and rice hulls. It is more sustainable and can save thousands of trees per year. Related literature discusses the growing demand for charcoal contributing to forest depletion and various alternatives being researched and developed including using banana peels and coconut shells.

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    Research

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    The document discusses the problem of charcoal becoming scarce due to deforestation from harvesting trees to make charcoal. It contributes to environmental and health issues. Alternatives to wood charcoal are needed. The Aurora State College of Technology has developed a charcoal alternative using a mixture of biomass waste like leaves, coconut shells, and rice hulls. It is more sustainable and can save thousands of trees per year. Related literature discusses the growing demand for charcoal contributing to forest depletion and various alternatives being researched and developed including using banana peels and coconut shells.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4K views5 pages

    Problem and Its Background

    Uploaded by

    jun_pascua
    The document discusses the problem of charcoal becoming scarce due to deforestation from harvesting trees to make charcoal. It contributes to environmental and health issues. Alternatives to wood charcoal are needed. The Aurora State College of Technology has developed a charcoal alternative using a mixture of biomass waste like leaves, coconut shells, and rice hulls. It is more sustainable and can save thousands of trees per year. Related literature discusses the growing demand for charcoal contributing to forest depletion and various alternatives being researched and developed including using banana peels and coconut shells.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    CHAPTER 1

    PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

    CHARCOAL is becoming more and more a scarce product and is not only contributing to

    severe environmental problem like deforestation and soil erosion, but also pauses serious

    health hazards like diseases linked with respiratory systems.

    The use of trees on making charcoals has been a major factor that contributes to the

    climate change in developing countries especially east Africa. Thousands of tons of trees have

    been cut and the trend is still going on, despite the efforts made by different governments to

    stop people from this long rooted behavior of cutting trees for charcoal making.

    INTRODUCTION

    Many Filipinos still use charcoal for cooking food, which explains the reason for the high

    demand for charcoal. This also contributes to the fast depletion of forests in the country to

    accommodate this demand.

    The study also pointed out that the demand for wood fuels such as carbon has been

    growing. In 2010 the demand is already peaking at 48,400 tons, which could grow to 52,100 in

    the next five years. Sadly, the deficit for wood fuel has already reached 42,500 in 2010, which

    means the demand is higher than the supply.

    The production of alternative wood fuels has been happening in the Philippines for

    years. Several divisions of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) have been

    working on various wood fuel alternatives. The Forest Products Research and Development

    Institute (FPRDI) created a method to reuse forest waste for charcoal briquettes.

    The FPRDI also developed a charcoal briquette using discarded paper.


    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

    Main Problem – What are the alternative processes or materials that can be made into

    charcoal?

    Sub-Problem - Which process or material is the best alternative to charcoal?

    What is the difference between the normal wood charcoal and the alternatives to charcoal?

    Is the charcoal alternative more efficient than the normal wood charcoal?

    What is the effect of the discovery of charcoal alternatives to the environment?

    What is the effect of the discovery of charcoal alternatives to the economy?

    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

    Usually, a ton of raw material could produce 250 kilograms of charcoal briquette.

    Although the yield is lower than ordinary charcoal, the charcoal briquettes burn much longer at

    about one hour, making them better and more cost-effective than charcoal. These alternatives

    also cost P15 pesos per kilo, about the same as ordinary charcoal.

    According to ASCOT’s study on the environmental impact of using charcoal briquettes,

    the production of 79.20 tons can save up to 6,970 trees in a year.

    We aim to help other regions stem the demand for wood fuel by producing their own.

    Thus, we are also in the process of distributing the charcoal briquettes as well as the technology

    they developed to other regions. These should ensure the availability of fuel in different regions

    as well as reduction of forest burning to produce charcoal.


    Given the demand for wood fuel, the implementation of a charcoal briquette industry can

    create new business opportunities in different regions.

    SCOPE AND LIMITATION

    The Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT) in Baler, Aurora Province has

    developed a charcoal alternative that uses a mixture of carbonized biomass such as leaves,

    twigs, coconut waste, and rice hull.

    Essentially, this eco-friendly charcoal briquette uses raw cellulosic (plant matter) waste

    to replace the need to burn down trees to produce charcoal. The process of making charcoal

    briquettes involve slow burning of the raw materials, grinding, and binding these with cassava

    starch. The mixed material is then poured into a molder (usually hollow tubes) and sun-drying

    them.
    REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

    According to ASCOT’s study on the environmental impact of using charcoal briquettes,

    the production of 79.20 tons can save up to 6,970 trees in a year.

    The study also pointed out that the demand for wood fuels such as carbon has been

    growing. In 2010 the demand is already peaking at 48,400 tons, which could grow to 52,100 in

    the next five years. Sadly, the deficit for wood fuel has already reached 42,500 in 2010, which

    means the demand is higher than the supply. (Villafana, 2010)

    The use of trees on making charcoals has been a major factor that contributes to the

    climate change in developing countries especially East Africa. Thousands of tones of trees have

    been cut and the trend is still going on, despite the efforts made by different governments in the

    region to stop people from this long rooted behavior of cutting trees for charcoal making.

    Banana is a plant that can save the region from becoming dry if people will be taught

    other benefits of banana apart from the one  they know, which is food. If the government

    leaders, especially politicians will advocate for the banana plantation, trees will be saved from

    being the only source of charcoal.

    Banana peels can be used as another source of making charcoal without causing

    hazards in the environment. (Mallimbo, 2009)

    Coconut (Cocos nucifera) remains to be the top cultivated crop in the Philippines. Out of

    the 12 million hectares of farmlands in the country, 3.1 million hectares of it is devoted to

    coconut production. With the vast size of farmland devoted to coconut farming, it can be said

    that a large percentage of the country’s population still depends on coconut for their living.
    To help the coconut farmers gain extra income while attending to their farm activities, the

    group of Engineer Rosella B. Villaruel of the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) in Region X1

    came up with a charcoal brick kiln where coconut shells can be turned into quality charcoals.

    (Leo, 2008)

    A paper on charcoal trade in this region, called “Charcoal in the Mist”, was recently

    published by the Institute for Environmental Security, an international NGO based in The

    Hague. According to this report, the key thing to do now is to promote alternative, sustainable

    energy supply, to provide for the energy needs of the people in this region. 

    One idea is to use non-woody biomass fuel briquettes for cooking. These biomass-

    briquettes are made from the likes of leaves, grass, coffee husks, sawdust, and scrap paper.

    They are pressed into briquettes using simple wooden presses that can be made anywhere with

    a minimal amount of tools. Most importantly, no trees have to be cut to make briquettes, which,

    similar to charcoal, are used for cooking meals. The Legacy Foundation, that developed and

    introduced the biomass fuel briquettes, has worldwide experience with providing training and

    improving technologies of biomass-briquette production for sustainable development. (De

    Giessen, 2009)

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