Homelite

Generator Basics
Dealer Service Guide

Consumer Products P/N ST01375

 THE IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY

In the history of man, there have been few forces that produced so great an effect
in so brief a period, as has electricity. Since 1881, when the Brush Electric Light
Company in Philadelphia initiated the first Central Station Service in the U. S.,
electricity has become the single most essential force in our economy. Without
electrical power, our cities would be paralyzed.

Our near-total dependence on electrical power to operate appliances, tools and

equipment for both home and on the job has lead to the development of stand-by
generators to provide electricity when regular line power has failed or is not avail-
able.

Charles H. Ferguson designed a small lightweight gasoline engine driven generator

in 1921 to light homes in rural areas where electrical power was not available. His
company, the Home Electrical Lighting Company, was renamed Homelite in 1924.
By 1929, Homelite was producing 9 different products including generators, pumps,
and blowers.

During the 40’s, Homelite produced a number of different generators for various
applications in the Allied World War II effort.

In 1946, Homelite entered the chain saw market with an electric driven chain saw
powered by its latest development, a new Hi-Cycle Generator!

In the subsequent years Homelite Generators have been providing dependable

portable power for, construction sites, remote areas without electrical power,
disaster victims and a variety of other applications, all over the world!

Today, Homelite generators are proudly produced and distributed by John Deere
Consumer Products.

2
 Contents

Unit features, unit specifications

SPECIFICATIONS 4 and torque specifications

Electrical and generator safety, GFCI informa-

SAFETY AND APPLICATION 11 tion, Operation and Testing, Grounding the
Generator, Line Transfer Switch

SELECTING A GENERATOR Wattage Calculation, Load Application, Cable

17 Size, Electric Motor Loads, Typical Equipment
Requirements

Basic electricity, Magnetism, Generator

GENERATORTHEORY
20 Construction, Voltage Regulation, Brush Vs
Brushless, Flashing the Field, Winding
Insulation, Generator Components and
Functions

GENERATORTROUBLESHOOTING,
Inherent Voltage Regulation 37 Symptom Flow Chart, Generator System
Testing, Disassembly and Re-Assembly

GENERATORTROUBLESHOOTING,
Symptom Flow Chart, Generator System
Electronic Voltage Regulation 56 Testing, Disassembly and Re-Assembly

GENERATORTROUBLESHOOTING,
Contactor Series 68 Symptom Flow Chart, Generator System
Testing

Electrical Schematics, Generator and Rotor

REFERENCE INFORMATION Resistance Chart, Plugs and Receptacles
89 Chart, Generator Dolly Kits, Using a Volt-Ohm-
Milliamp Meter and Unit (UT) number listing

3
 SPECIFICATIONS

UNIT FEATURES

LR SERIES

B
I
A
T

L
C

Q
J

LRX SERIES
A

B
F
H

C M
K
G L O
E Q
J
D

4
 SPECIFICATIONS

CG SERIES

E
S
K

M
R
P
N
O

A. Fuel Tank K. 120 V. GFCI Receptacle

B. Roll Cage L. 120 V. Receptacle
C. Recoil Starter M. 120 V. Receptacle (Locking)
D. Control Panel N. 240 V. Receptacle (Locking)
E. Idle-Start Switch O. Battery
F. Volt Meter P. Electric Start Switch
G. Hour Meter Q. Oil Sensor Switch
H. Engine Run Switch R. Max Power Switch
I. Air Filter S. Circuit Breaker
J. Vibration Isolator T. Muffler

5
 SPECIFICATIONS

UNIT SPECIFICATIONS
LR SERIES

MODEL LR4300 LR5550 LR5000T

LRE5550*
ENGINE

Model EY28 Robin EH34 Robin Ohv Tecumseh HM100

Horsepower 7.5 Hp 11 Hp 10 Hp
Starting Automatic Rewind Automatic Rewind Automatic Rewind
Automatic Rewind/Electric*
Run Time Full Load 6 Hours 5 Hours 5.5 Hours

FUEL SYSTEM

Fuel Type Automotive Automotive Automotive

Fuel Capacity 5 Gallons 5 Gallons 5 Gallons

ELECTRICAL

AC Watts - Maximum 4300 5550 5000

AC Watts - Continuous 3800 5000 4600
AC Volts Output 120/240 120/240 120/240
Voltage Regulation Inherent, +/-15% Inherent, +/-15% Inherent, +/-15%
Frequency 60 Hertz 60 Hertz 60 Hertz
Rated Amperage 31.7/15.8 41.7/20.8 38.3/19.2
Outlets 20 amp, 120V 20 amp, 120V 20 amp, 120V
Type 5-20R Type 5-20R Type 5-20R
20 amp, 120/240V 20 amp, 120/240V 20 amp, 120/240V
Type L14-20R Type L14-20R Type L14-20R

GENERAL
Sound Level @ 50 ft. 68 dBA 76 dBA 83 dBA
Warranty-Consumer 1 Year Limited 1 Year Limited 1 Year Limited
Warranty-Commercial 90 Day Limited 90 Day Limited 90 Day Limited

Unit model number and specifications subject to change without notice

6
 SPECIFICATIONS

LRX SERIES

MODEL LRX3000 LRX4500 LRX5600

LRXE4500* LRXE5600*
ENGINE

Model EH17 Robin Ohv EH25 Robin Ohv EH36 Robin Ohv
Horsepower 6 Hp 8.5 Hp 11.5 Hp
Starting Automatic Rewind Automatic Rewind Automatic Rewind
Auto Rewind/Electric* Auto Rewind/Electric*
Run Time Full Load 6.5 Hours 7.9 Hours 9.3 Hours

FUEL SYSTEM

Fuel Type Automotive Automotive Automotive

Fuel Capacity 3 Gallons 5 Gallons 8 Gallons

ELECTRICAL

AC Watts - Maximum 3000 4500 5600

AC Watts - Continuous 2300 4000 5000
AC Volts Output 120 Only 120/240 120/240
Voltage Regulation Electronic, +/- 6% Electronic, +/- 6% Electronic, +/- 6%
Frequency 60 Hertz 60 Hertz 60 Hertz
Rated Amperage 19.2 33.3/16.7 41.7/20.8
Outlets (1) 20 amp, 120V (1) 20 amp, 120V (1) 20 amp, 120V
Type 5-20R Type 5-20R Type 5-20R
(1) 20 amp, 120V (1) 20 amp, 120V (1) 20 amp, 120V
GFCI GFCI GFCI
(1) 30 amp, 120V (1) 30 amp, 120V
Type L5-30R Type L5-30R
(1) 20 amp, 120/240V (1) 20 amp, 120/240V
Type L14-20R Type L14-20R

GENERAL
Sound Level @ 50 ft. 69 dBA 72 dBA 74 dBA
Warranty-Consumer 1 Year Limited 1 Year Limited 1 Year Limited
Warranty-Commercial 90 Day Limited 90 Day Limited 90 Day Limited

Unit model number and specifications subject to change without notice.

7
 SPECIFICATIONS

CG SERIES

MODEL CG4400 CG5800

CGE5800*
ENGINE

Model Honda Ohv Honda Ohv

Horsepower 8 Hp Ohv 11 Hp
Starting Automatic Rewind Automatic Rewind
Auto Rewind/Electric*
Run Time Full Load 11 Hours 9 Hours

FUEL SYSTEM

Fuel Type Automotive Automotive

Fuel Capacity 5 Gallons 5 Gallons

ELECTRICAL

AC Watts - Maximum 4400 5800

AC Watts - Continuous 4000 5200
AC Volts Output 120/240 120/240
Voltage Regulation Electronic, +/- 2% Electronic, +/- 2%
Frequency 60 Hertz 60 Hertz
Rated Amperage 33.3/16.7 43.3/21.7
Outlets (1) 20 amp, 120V (1) 20 amp, 120V
Type L5-20R Type L5-20R
(1) 20 amp, 120V (1) 20 amp, 120V
GFCI GFCI
(1) 30 amp, 120V (1) 30 amp, 120V
Type L5-30R Type L5-30R
(1) 30 amp, 120/240 (1) 30 amp, 120/240
Type L14-20R Type L14-20R

GENERAL
Sound Level @ 50 ft. 76 dBA 73 dBA
Warranty-Consumer 1 Year Limited 1 Year Limited
Warranty-Commercial 1 Year Limited 1 Year Limited

Unit model number and specifications subject to change without notice

8
 SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Designated for 2000 units, the fastener torque values in this section also are useful for similar applications to
units of other model years.
NOTE: TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS ARE GIVEN IN INCH POUNDS AND NEWTON METERS (N•M)

TORQUE TORQUE
LIMITS LIMITS
SIZE & TYPE QTY APPLICATION (IN. LBS) (N•m)

5/16-24 X .750* 4 End Bell to Engine 120-150 13.6-16.9

1/4-20 X 4.00 4 Stator Bolts 60-80 6.8-9.0
5/16-24 1 Rotor Bolt 100-140 11.3-15.8
6-19 X .75 Plastite 2 Brush Holder 12-16 1.4-1.8
5/16-18 X .75 2 Stator to Bracket 150-155 16.9-17.5
6-32 X .50 2 Receptacle 9-13 1.0-1.5
6-19 X .75 Plastite 4 Fan to Rotor 12-16 1.4-1.8
5/16-18 Nut 4 Isolator to Frame 145-155 16.4-17.5
5/16-18 X 2.00 2 Engine to Engine Support 145-155 16.4-17.5
10-24 X .75 Taptite 1 Ground Wire to Stator 45-55 5.1-6.2
10-24 X .50 Mach. Torx 8 Tank Support to Frame 25-35 2.8-4.0
8-32 X .875 Mach-Pan 2 Heat Shield to Tank Support 8-12 0.9-1.4
5/16-18 X 1.25 Screw 2 Generator Support Bracket to 145-155 16.4-17.5
Eng / Gen Support
10-24 X .50 Mach. Torx 4 Panel to Frame 20-25 2.4-2.8
8-32 X .375 Screw 4 Receptacles to Panels 12-14 1.4-1.6
7/16-18 Knurl Nut 1 or 2 Circuit to Panel 15-20 1.8-2.4
8-16 X .75 Plastite 8 Front to Back Panel 15-20 1.8-2.4
1/4-20 Screw, Hex Head 1 Idle Bracket to Engine 60-70 6.8-7.9
8-32 X .375 1 Idle Paddle to Governor Arm 14-18 1.6-2.0

3/8-16 X .875* 4 End Bell to Engine 240-250 27.1-28.2

1/4-20 X 6.160 4 Stator Bolts 60-80 6.8-9.0
5/16-24 X 8.250 1 Rotor Bolt 100-140 11.3-15.8
6-19 X .75 Plastite 2 Brush Holder 12-16 1.4-1.8
5/16-18 X .75 2 Stator to Bracket 150-155 16.9-17.5
6-19 X .75 Plastite 4 Fan to Rotor 12-16 1.4-1.8
5/16-18 Nut 4 Isolator to Frame 145-155 16.4-17.5
5/16-18 Nut 2 Generator Bracket to Isolator 145-155 16.4-17.5
5/16-18 X 2.00 2 Engine to Engine Support 145-155 16.4-17.5
5/16-18 Nut 2 Engine Support to Isolator 145-155 16.4-17.5
10-24 X .75 Taptite 1 Ground Wire to Stator 45-55 5.1-6.2
10-24 X .50 Mach. Torx 8 Tank Support to Frame 25-35 2.8-4.0
8-32 X .875 Mach-Pan 2 Heat Shield to Tank Support 8-12 0.9-1.4
5/16-18 X 1.25 Screw 1 Ground Screw 145-155 16.4-17.5
1/4-20 Nut** 2 Switch to Battery Plate 70-80 7.9-9.0
10-32 Nut** 2 Battery Strap to Plate 12-16 1.4-1.8
1/4-20 X .625 Screw** 2 Battery Cables to Battery 40-50 4.5-5.6

*APPLY LOCTITE RED 277

9
 SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (continued)

TORQUE TORQUE
LIMITS LIMITS
SIZE & TYPE QTY APPLICATION (IN. LBS) (N•m)
1/4-20 X 10.50 4 Stator Bolts 65-75 7.3-8.5
5/16-24 X 8.00 1 Rotor Bolt 120-150 13.5-16.9
10-24 X .50 Mach. Torx 8 Tank Support To Frame 25-35 2.8-4.0
8-32 X .875 Mach-pan 2 Heat Shield To Tank Support 8-12 0.9-1.4
5/16-18 X 1.25 Screw 1 Ground Screw 145-155 16.4-17.5
1/4-20 Nut** 2 Switch To Battery Plate 70-80 7.9-9.0
10-32 Nut** 2 Battery Strap To Plate 12-16 1.4-1.8
1/4-20 X .625 Screw** 2 Battery Cables To Battery 40-50 4.5-5.6
5/16-24 Nut** 2 Battery Cables To Starter Sw 50-60 5.6-6.8
1/4-20 Nut** 1 Battery Cable To Starter 30-40 3.4-4.5
10-24 X .50 Mach. Torx 4 Panel To Frame 20-25 2.4-2.8
8-23 X .375 Screw 8 Receptacles To Panels 12-14 1.4-1.6
7/16-18 Knurl Nut 3 Circuit Breaker To Panel 15-20 1.8-2.4
8-16 X .75 Plastite 10 Front To Back Panel 15-20 1.8-2.4

1/4-20 X 7.00 4 Stator Bolts 60-80 6.8-9.0

5/16-24 1 Rotor Bolt 100-140 11.3-15.8
5/16-18 Hex Nut 1 Idle Bracket To Muffler Bracket 145-155 16.4-17.5
8-32 X 3.75 1 Idle Bracket (Clamp) 14-18 1.6-2.0
8-32 X 3.75 1 Idle Paddle (Clamp) 14-18 1.6-2.0
8-32 X .75 1 Rectifier 18-22 2.0-2.5
8-32 X .50 2 Brush Holder 18-22 2.0-2.5
8-32 X .50 4 Brush Head Cover 18-22 2.0-2.5
5/16-18 X 1.00 2 Generator To Cross Member 220-250 24.9-28.2
5/16-18 X 1.75 2 Engine To Cross Member 145-155 16.4-17.5
5/16-18 X 2.00 2 Engine To Cross Member 145-155 16.4-17.5
5/16-18 X 1.00 1 Magnet Bracket To Engine 130-140 14.7-15.8
8-32 Nut 8 Receptacles To Panel 12-14 1.4-1.6
8-32 X .375 8 Receptacles To Panel 12-14 1.4-1.6
10-24 X .5 2 Throttle Arm To Engine 35-45 3.4-5.1
8-32 X .50 1 Grd Lead (Inside B/Head18-22
1/4-20 X .75 4 Control Box To Frame 70-80 7.9-9.0

*APPLY LOCTITE RED 277

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 SAFETY AND APPLICATION

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Electrocutions are few in this country, about 1,000 per year, but there are 30 times that many people injured
through electrical shock. Portable, electrically operated tools account for the second largest number of injuries,
with the plug or cord at fault in two-thirds of the incidents.

Insurance company statistics indicate that rental equipment is involved in a high percentage of such accidents,
and it is important to realize that the rental operator is liable for those defects of which he is aware, as well as those
which would have been disclosed by a reasonable investigation.

LEAKAGE CURRENT

One of the most important checks to be sure a tool is safe is for excessive leakage current. Leakage current flows
from the internal wiring to metal portions of the equipment housing or enclosure.

The skin offers a barrier to the flow of leakage current. It is not until the voltage exceeds about 48 volts that a
hazard exists. At a common supply voltage of 120 volts, current can easily pass through the skin. Once the current
starts to flow, the skin resistance decreases further, allowing an increasing flow of current to pass through the
body.

PERCEPTION CURRENT One milliampere (1/1000 of an ampere) will be felt by

.001 AMPS most individuals as a slight tingling sensation. A
defective hand drill or floor polisher might allow this
amount of current to flow through a person standing on
a dry wooden floor. Not bothered by it, he continues to
use the equipment, until he happens to touch a water
connection, heating register, metal window sash or
other grounded metal object. He has now completed
the circuit to ground and a much larger current will flow
through his body.

SHOCK LEVEL If only five milliamperes (1/43 of the current required to

.005 AMPS
operate a 25-watt lamp) flow through his body, it will
result in a violet muscle reaction, throwing him away
from the equipment.

LET-GO If the current is much above 10 milliamperes, the per-

CURRENT son will lose his ability to release his grip on the electri-
.010 AMPS cal equipment. While the heart normally can continue to
function, fatigue sets in, followed by death if no help is
available.

ELECTROCUTION At about 100 milliamperes (less than half that used by

.100 AMPS a 25-watt lamp) ventricular fibrillation occurs, the
muscle fibers lose control and the heart is no longer
able to pump blood.

11
 SAFETY AND APPLICATION

NORMAL OPERATION

When a tool is operating normally, electricity passes

through one wire into the tool and back out the second
wire. Little or no current should travel down the ground
wire.

SHORTED TOOL
GOOD GROUNDWIRE

If a tool’s insulation becomes defective, some of the

electrical current will pass through the tool’s case to the
ground wire and back to the ground. The person holding
the tool will not be injured. If enough leakage current
flows, the line fuse will open. The only problem is that
this depends on a good ground path all the way back to
the ground itself.

SHORTED TOOL
Open Ground Wire

If the ground wire does not make a perfect contact all

the way back to the ground, the leakage current will
flow through the operator to the ground. The amount of
shock the person receives will depend on how defec-
tive the tool’s insulation is and how well grounded the
main is.

12
 SAFETY AND APPLICATION

GENERATOR SAFETY
WARNING: FOR SAFE OPERATION, READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USING YOUR
GENERATOR. FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• If this generator is used for emergency standby service it will be necessary to install a manual transfer
switch between the electric utility's meter and the building's distribution panel. The transfer switch isolates
the generator and load from the utility power line, thus avoiding any danger of electricity being fed back to
the utility lines. The installation should be done by a licensed electrician.
• Never operate the machine in an explosive atmosphere, near combustible materials or where ventilation is not
sufficient to carry away exhaust fumes. Exhaust fumes can cause serious injury or death.
• When starting the machine, be sure that nothing is in a position to be hit by the operators hand or arm.
• Be sure the switch on electric power tools is in the “OFF” position before plugging them into the machine.
FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF INJURY.
• This generator is equipped with a grounding terminal for your protection. Always complete the ground path from
the generator to an external ground source as instructed in the section labeled “Grounding the Generator”.
• Keep the immediate area free of all bystanders.
• Be sure each person who operates this machine is properly instructed in its safe operation.
• Do not operate this machine or any electrical tool in any area where water or similar materials constitute an
electrical hazard to the operator. Do not operate on wet surfaces or in the rain.
• Always be sure that the machine is on secure footing so that it cannot slide or shift around, endangering workers.
• Avoid contacting the hot exhaust manifold, muffler or cylinder. Keep clear of all rotating parts.
• Unless the tool or appliance is double insulated, ground it. Tools and appliances which have 3 prong plugs must
be plugged into extension cords and electrical receptacles with 3 holes. Before operating any electrical item,
be sure it is in good repair.
• Follow instructions in this manual when testing Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter to insure reliable operation.
• BEWARE OF USING THIS EQUIPMENT IN CONFINED SPACES
Confined spaces, without sufficient fresh air ventilation, can contain dangerous gases. Running gasoline engines
in such environments can lead to deadly explosions and/or asphyxiation.

MAINTENANCE
• Use HOMELITE® genuine replacement parts. Failure to do so may cause poor fit and injury.
• Never operate machine with any guard removed.
• Shut off the engine and disconnect the spark plug wire before working on any part of this machine.
• Always keep the machine and all associated equipment clean, properly serviced and maintained.

REFUELING (DO NOT SMOKE!)

• Observe all safety regulations for the safe handling of fuel.

• Handle fuel in safety containers.
• If container does not have a spout, use a funnel.
• Do not refill fuel tank while the engine is running.
• Fill the tank only on an area of bare ground. While filling the tank, keep heat, sparks and open flame away.
Carefully clean up any spilled fuel before starting engine.

13
 SAFETY AND APPLICATION

GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER

These generators are equipped with a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) located at the 120V duplex receptacle
for protection against the hazards of electrical shock from defective attachments such as tools, cords, and cables.

WARNING GFCI PROTECTED UNPROTECTED

The GFCI may not function unless the generator is RECEPTACLES RECEPTACLES
properly grounded. Follow the correct grounding
procedure specified below.
The GFCI is a device that interrupts electricity from either
the utility or generator by means of a special type of
circuit breaker if a fault current flow to the ground occurs.
WARNING
ON THE LRX4500, LRXE4500, LRX5600 & LRXE5600
MODELS, ONLY THE 120V DUPLEX RECEPTACLES
ARE PROTECTED BY THE GFCI.

For additional protection against shock hazards due to defective equipment attached to the twist-lock recep-
tacles, consider the use of a GFCI on each of these receptacles as well.
A GFCI can be used only with generators that have the neutral wire internally bonded to the frame, and the
frame properly grounded to the earth. A GFCI will not work on generators that do not have the neutral wire
bonded to the frame, or on generators which have not been properly grounded.
A GFCI may be required by OSHA regulations, the National Electric Code and/or local and federal codes when
operating a generator.
GFCI and GFCI protected cord sets and cables may be purchased from local electrical supply houses.
As with any other safety devices, the GFCI supplied with these generators must be checked every month to
insure that it is functioning properly. To test the GFCI, follow the instructions below.
1. With the generator running with the idle control switch in the "START" position, push the "TEST" button. The
"RESET" button should pop out. This should result in the power being off at both outlets of the duplex receptacles.
Verify this by plugging a test lamp into each outlet.
WARNING
If the "RESET" button does not pop out or the test lamp lights when the "RESET" button does pop out,
DO NOT USE ANY OF THE FOUR OUTLETS OF THE DUPLEX RECEPTACLES. Have the units serviced by
an authorized servicing dealer immediately.
2. If the GFCI tests correctly, restore power by FIRMLY pushing the "RESET" button back in until you hear or feel
a distinctive "click." IF THE GFCI FAILS TO RESET PROPERLY, DO NOT USE EITHER OUTLET OF EITHER
DUPLEX RECEPTACLE. Have the unit serviced by an authorized servicing dealer immediately.
3. High vibration or severe mechanical shock loads may cause the GFCI to trip. IF THE GFCI TRIPS BY ITSELF
AT ANY TIME, reset it and perform test procedures 1. and 2.
WARNING
Although the above test procedures will indicate proper GFCI operation on an ungrounded or improp-
erly grounded generator, the generator MUST still be properly grounded for the GFCI to function prop-
erly and protect the user from electrical faults.

14
 SAFETY AND APPLICATION

GFCl PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) generally operate on the principle that any ground fault will create a
difference in current flow between the phase conductor (hot leg) and neutral conductor (return leg) in an AC
circuit. For example, in a circuit supplying single phase, 120V load, under normal conditions, current flows from
the circuit source (generator, distribution panel, etc) to the hot and back through the neutral (return) conductor.

Under normal conditions (no ground fault), the current flow in the phase conductor and neutral conductor are of
equal value and 180o out of phase. This results in zero difference between the electromagnetic fields produced
by the two conductors. However, if a ground fault should occur as a result of insulation breakdown or equipment
being fed, a differential current is created because the phase conductor, which is supplying the fault, is greater
than the current flow in the neutral conductor. When the GFCI senses the difference in current flow between the
two conductors (caused by the ground fault), it activates a trip mechanism to interrupt supply.

In order to sense the difference in current flow between phase and neutral conductors (or two phase conduc-
tors), most GFCI’s use what is known as a “Toroidal Transforme”. A Toroidal Transformer is a donut-shaped
piece of magnetic material with a very fine wire coil wrapping. This type of transformer is very sensitive and
small enough to fit within the receptacle or as a circuit breaker.

A GFCI must be capable of detecting and interrupting fault currents as low as 5 mA (.005A) and ignore those
below 4 mA, and that differential must be detected where the load supplied can be rated for 15A, or more.

The phase and neutral conductors are passed through the “Toroidal Transformer” within the GFCI. This permits
sensing of current flow downstream (see the diagram below for more details). Remember that any difference in
the phase or neutral current flow that exceeds 5 mA will cause the GFCI to operate.

15
 SAFETY AND APPLICATION

WARNING
Situations exist where the GFCI will not afford any protection against the hazards of electrical shock.
EXAMPLE: if a person touches two or more conductors from a damaged cord set and is not in direct contact
with the ground, he may receive a shock. Since there is no path to ground for a ground fault current to flow
through, the GFCI will not operate and serious injury may result.
The GFCI is merely an added safety feature. There are no substitutes for good safety precautions, correct
electrical practices and proper maintenance of cords, equipment and connections.

GROUNDING THE GENERATOR

The wing nut and ground terminal on the frame must always be used to connect the generator to a suitable
ground source. The ground path should be made with #8 size wire. Connect the terminal of the ground wire
between the lock washer and the wing nut, and tighten the wing nut fully. Connect the other end of the wire
securely to a suitable ground source.
The National Electric Code contains several practical ways in which to establish a good ground source.
Examples given below illustrate a few of the ways in which a good ground source may be established.
A metal underground water pipe in direct contact with the earth for at least 10 feet can be used as a grounding
source. If an underground pipe is unavailable, an 8 foot length of pipe or rod may be used as the ground source.
The pipe should be 3/4 inch trade size or larger and the outer surface must be noncorrosive. If a steel or iron rod
is used it should be at least 5/8 inch diameter and if a nonferrous rod is used it should be at least
1/2 inch diameter and be listed as material for grounding. Drive the rod or pipe to a depth of 8 feet. If a rock
bottom is encountered less than 4 feet down, bury the rod or pipe in a trench. All electrical tools and appliances
operated from this generator, must be properly grounded by use of a third wire or be “Double Insulated”.
It is recommended to:
1. Use electrical devices with 3 prong power cords.
2. Use an extension cord with a 3 hole receptacle and a 3 prong plug at opposite ends to ensure continuity of
the ground protection from the generator to appliance.
We strongly recommend that all applicable federal, state and local regulations relating to grounding specifica-
tions be checked and adhered to.

#8 WIRE GROUND
CONNECTION

GROUND SOURCE
(ROD OR PIPE)

GROUND TERMINAL LESS THAN 25 OHMS

AND WING NUT RESISTANCE

LINE TRANSFER SWITCH

If this generator is used for standby service, it must have a transfer switch between the utility power service
and the generator. The transfer switch not only prevents the utility power from feeding into the generator, but it
also prevents the generator from feeding out into the utility company's lines. This is intended to protect a
serviceman who may be working on a damaged line. THIS INSTALLATION MUST BE DONE BY A
LICENSED ELECTRICIAN AND ALL LOCAL CODES MUST BE FOLLOWED.

16
 SELECTING A GENERATOR

WATTAGE CALCULATION

The biggest problem in selecting a generator is determining the power requirements that must be met under
operating conditions.
Under-sizing of the generator is the single most common mistake and can be avoided by considering ALL the
loads to be connected to the generator. Additionally, calculating the starting requirements of any electric motor
operated equipment is a very important consideration.
An estimate of the total load that will be connected to the generator can be made by getting the nameplate
amperage of all equipment or tools to be used. The nameplate, showing the electrical requirements, is found on
all electric powered tools, appliances, electric motors or devices. It lists such information as running amperage,
the speed at which the tool operates; hertz, or frequency; phase; and for electric motors, the code specification.
Once the total amperage draw for all tools and equipment is known, the following can be used to establish
starting wattage required:
If the equipment is for heating or lighting and contains no electric motors, multiply the running amperage
requirement times 1, times the voltage rating or requirement. The result will tell the wattage required for this
application. Heaters, light bulbs, coffee makers, hot plates, are referred to as resistive loads. This type of
equipment draws a constant amount of current while operating.
If the equipment to be powered consists of hand tools, such as saws, drills or other, handheld types of equip-
ment; multiply the running amperage, times 2, times the voltage requirement. Again, the result will tell the
wattage required for this application. These types of equipment typically draw twice their normal, free running
amperage when used at full capacity or when starting the motor.
If the equipment being run is stationary equipment or appliances containing electric motors, multiply the running
amperage times, 3, times the voltage requirement. Once again, the result will tell the wattage required for this
application. Electric motor driven stationary equipment typically requires up to three times the running amperage
when starting, until the machine’s motor comes up to operating speed.
Generator wattage required = (amps) x (volts) x (1, 2 or 3)
This example will help to explain these requirements.
A customer wants to operate the following equipment on a generator: (1) A Radiant Heater, (2) a Freezer, (3) a
Small Refrigerator, (4) a microwave oven and (5) Four sixty-watt light bulbs.
The starting wattage of the radiant heater would be 1,250 watts, the freezer – 1,000 watts, the small refrigerator
- 1,000 watts, the microwave – 1,500 watts and the four light bulbs at 240 watts.

Name Plate Times (x) Starting

Tools/Equipment RunningWatts 1, 2, 3 Watts

Radiant Heater 1,250 1 1,250

Freezer 400 3 1,200
Small Refrigerator 400 3 1,200
Microwave Oven 750 1 750
(4) 60 Watt Light Bulbs 240 1 240
Total 3,840 4,640

A total of 4,640 starting watts are required if all of the items were started simultaneously. This would require the
use of a generator with a minimum continuous rating of 5,000 watts.

17
 SELECTING A GENERATOR

LOAD APPLICATION

Always be sure (by checking the generator and equipment name plates) that the voltage, amperage and frequency
requirements of the equipment to be used can be satisfied by the generator.

Refer to the two tables, “Cable Size” and “Wattage Consumption for Typical Equipment” to be sure that the loads
you are connecting are within the capacity of the generator. Incandescent lights, electric motors, and resistance
coil devices, such as heaters, draw much greater current for start-up than after they are operating. Inadequate size
connecting cables, which cannot carry the required load, can cause a voltage drop which can burn out the appli-
ance and overheat the cable.

CABLE SIZE

Equipment damage can result from Iow voltage. Therefore, to prevent excessive voltage drop between the genera-
tor and the equipment, the cable should be of adequate gauge for the length used. The table below gives the
maximum cable length for various gauges of wire.

CURRENT IN LOAD IN WATTS MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CABLE LENGTH

AMPERES AT 120 VOLTS AT 240 VOLTS #8 WIRE #10 WIRE #12 WIRE #14 WIRE #16 WIRE
2.5 300 600 1000 ft. 600 ft. 375 ft. 250 ft.
5 600 1200 500 300 200 125
7.5 900 1800 350 200 125 100
10 1200 2400 250 150 100 50
15 1800 3600 150 100 65
20 2400 4800 175 ft. 125 75 50
25 3000 6000 150 100 60
30 3600 7200 125 65
40 4800 9600 90

NOTE: Amperage will be limited by receptacle rating and the cable which will fit the mating plug.

ELECTRIC MOTOR LOADS

It is characteristic of common electric motors in normal operation to draw up to six times their running current
while starting. This table may be used to estimate the watts required to start "CODE G" electric motors,
however if an electric motor fails to start or reach running speed, turn off the appliance or tool immediately to
avoid equipment damage. Always check the requirements of the tool or appliance being used compared to the
rated output of the generator.

Watts Required to Start Motor

Motor Size (H.P.) Running Watts Repulsion Induction Capacitor Split Phase
1/8 275 600 850 1200
1/6 275 600 850 2050
1/4 400 850 1050 2400
1/3 450 975 1350 2700
1/2 600 1300 1800 3600
3/4 850 1900 2600 -
1 1100 2500 3300 -

18
 SELECTING A GENERATOR

TYPICAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

Appliance Watts Appliance Watts

Light Bulb See Bulb Coffeemakers 400-700

Clothes Dryer (Electric) 5000-10,000 Window Fan 200
Iron (Hand) 500-1500 Radio 50-200
Portable Heater 600-4800 Air Conditioner (10,000 BTU) 2000-3000
Toaster 900-1650 Automatic Washer 150-1500
0-1/2 Inch Hand Saw 1000-2500 Refrigerator 600-2000
Water Heater 3000-5000 Television 100-500
Water Pump 1000-3000 Vacuum Cleaner 200-300
Sump Pump 400-3000 Electric Drill 225-100
Food Freezer 300-500 Hot Plate 330-1100

19
 GENERATOR THEORY

BASIC ELECTRICITY
Electricity is a basic “ingredient” of ALL matter. To more easily understand the nature of electricity, we must first
(briefly) examine the Basic Building Blocks of Matter itself.

Normally, an Atom has equal numbers of electrons and protons. Therefore it’s net charge is neutral. ATOMS
WANT TO BE NEUTRAL!

It is possible to “dislodge” one or more electrons from most atoms. When this occurs, the atom is left with a
positive (+) net charge and is referred to as a POSITIVE ION. If a stray electron combines with a neutral atom,
the atom takes on a negative (-) net charge and is referred to as a NEGATIVE ION.

ATOMS DON’T LIKE BEING IONS !!

A Negative ion seeks to rid itself of its extra electron. A Positive ion seeks to re-gain its missing electron. Ah
yes, a marriage made in Heaven!

Under the right conditions, an Electron can be transferred from the Negative ion to the Positive ion, resulting in
two happy (and neutral) atoms.

THIS IS THE BASIC PHYSICS BEHIND ELECTRICITY!

Rather simple, isn’t it?

In short:

Electricity is the flow of Electrons from a point relatively rich in electrons to a point relatively Iow in electrons.
(Usually)

20
 GENERATOR THEORY

ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE (V)

Voltage is electrical pressure or force. Voltage basically refers to the Potential for current to flow
from one point to another, for that reason, voltage is sometimes called ELECTRICAL
POTENTIAL.

Electrical current tends to flow from points of high POTENTIAL to points of lower POTENTIAL, i.e; from an area
with a surplus of Electrons to an area Iow in Electrons: - to +.

Unfortunately, many years ago, before anyone knew what an Electron was, the direction of current flow was
chosen by convention to be from + to -. (They thought the Positive Ions traveled to combine with the Electrons.)
Although confusing, we are stuck with the “Backwards” standard.

Voltage is measured in units of Volts, which is abbreviated “V”. Likewise, the symbol for voltage is “V”. Sometimes,
voltage is also referred to as Electro-Motive Force or EMF (symbol is “E”).

The following “Water Analogy” may be helpful in understanding electrical terms:

ELECTRICAL CURRENT (I)

Electrons can easily travel through metals or conductive materials.

Naturally, electrons cannot easily travel through an insulator (like glass, plastic or rubber).

The quantity of Electrons flowing past a given point in a conductor is known as CURRENT. Electrical current is
measured in units of: AMPERES (abbreviated AMPS or “A”). The symbol for electric current is “I”.

Fascinating Fact:
One Ampere is 6,250,000,000,000,000 electrons passing a point in one second!

21
 GENERATOR THEORY

RESISTANCE (R)

Conductors are not perfect. They resist, to some degree, the flow of current. The degree to which a conductor
resists the flow of current is known as Resistance (abbreviated “R”). Resistance is measured in units known as
OHMS. The symbol for the OHM is the greek letter Omega: Ω

OHM’S LAW

A potential of 1 volt will force a current of 1 AMP through a resistance of 1 OHM.

This relationship is called OHM’S LAW and is mathematically:

Volts = Amps x Ohms or

Amps = Volts / Ohms or

Ohms = Volts / Amps

POWER (W) OR (P)

The work performed by an electrical current is called POWER. The unit for power is the WATT (W). The power of
a direct current is its voltage times its current.

P=lxV

WATTS (POWER) = AMPS x VOLTS

The 178V152 is rated for 4600 W continuous POWER at 120 V. How many AMPS can it supply at full load?

P=IxV

4600W = I x 120V

4600W / 120V = I

38.3 A = I
22
 GENERATOR THEORY

MAGNETISM
In the first section we learned some of the basic principles of electricity. We are now ready to to learn how
generators “produce” electricity. We will begin with Magnetism.

A magnet is any material that attracts iron and steel. The attraction of magnets, greatest at the ends (or poles),
occurs according to the following principle: like poles of magnets oppose each other, while unlike poles attract
each other.

Like poles repel

Unlike poles attract

When the atoms in certain magnets are aligned with each other in a particular manner, magnetism results. The
second bar illustrated has non-aligned atoms, therefore it has no magnetism.

Magnetized Bar Un-Magnetized Bar

23
 GENERATOR THEORY

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Around every magnet is a magnetic field, One can actually “see” the magnetic lines of force if a magnet is covered
with a thin sheet of paper and soft-iron filings are sprinkled on the paper.

If a conductor cuts through the lines of force in a magnetic field, a voltage will be induced in the conductor. This
is called ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.

Put Simply:

To generate voltage, we need:

1. A conductor

2. A magnetic field

3. MOTION of the magnetic field OR conductor which causes

the conductor to cross magnetic lines of force.

A current flowing through a wire creates a MAGNETIC FIELD around the wire.

The direction (or polarity) of the magnetic field depends on the direction of the current.

We can make an even stronger magnetic field by wrapping many turns of wire around an iron core. The iron core
“concentrates” the magnetic field. This is called an ELECTROMAGNET.

Notice that the iron still retains some magnetism after the coil is de-energized. This will become important later!

24
 GENERATOR THEORY

AC vs DC

When a voltage is at a (more or less) constant level, and does not change polarity (direction of current flow), it is
known as a DC voltage. DC stands for Direct Current, which refers to the fact that the current flows “directly” or in
one direction only.

When voltage changes polarity back and forth, it is known as AC voltage, AC stands for Alternating Current,
which refers to the fact that the current flows back and forth, in alternating directions,

One complete reversal of an alternating current is known as a CYCLE. The number of times this complete reversal
takes place in one second is known as Frequency and is expressed in units of Hertz (Hz) - which simply means
“CYCLES PER SECOND”.

Household power is AC. In the U.S., the frequency of the A.C has been chosen to be 60 Hz. In Europe, the
frequency is 50 Hz; also, household AC power varies in voltage and reverses in such a way as to follow a sine
wave pattern. Below, is what one cycle (1/60th of a second) of AC voltage looks like.

DC

DIRECT CURRENT

AC

ALTERNATING
CURRENT

25
 GENERATOR THEORY

GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION
A simple generator can be built with a single wire loop and a permanent magnet. If you connect the ends of the
wire loop to collector rings and let a brush ride on each ring; you can observe the output of this simple generator
on a sensitive meter. As you rotate the wire loop through the magnetic field which exists between the poles of a
horseshoe magnet, current starts to flow through the meter, it gets stronger as leg A of the loop approaches the
South Pole of the magnet and the needle of the meter is deflected toward the + side. The current reaches
maximum + value as loop A passes opposite the S pole. Then the current gets smaller and reaches 0 as leg A
is now centered on the bottom between the two poles of the magnet. As leg A approaches the North Pole of the
magnet, current again rises but this time it deflects the meter to the - side, It reaches a maximum value and
then drops to zero when leg A is back in its original position. We have completed 1 revolution and 1 cycle.

Why does the voltage build up and fall like this? If you could see a magnetic field, you would see that the
magnetic lines of force are concentrated near the poles (ends) of the magnet, and they spread out as they get
near the center between the two poles of the magnet. If the loop is rotated at a constant speed, the number of
lines of force being cut is greatest when the loop is nearest the North or South Pole and no lines of force are
being cut when the loop is vertical as the loop is traveling parallel to the lines of force. The intensity of current is
directly proportional to the number of lines of force being cut. If we were to graph one revolution we would get a
sine curve that looks like this:

This is one cycle. If we rotate our loop 60 times per second, we have 60 cycles alternating current or more
commonly called 60 AC. Most recently the electrical terminology has changed and a cycle is being referred to
as a Hertz (Hz). So the modern designation is 60 Hz.

AC or alternating current describes a current which has a + value part of the time and a - value part of the time,
or a current which changes direction. Our one loop AC generator does not produce a great deal of electrical
energy so we must find ways to increase the output.
26
 GENERATOR THEORY

INCREASING ELECTRICAL ENERGY

The electrical energy can be increased in these ways:

1. By using a stronger magnet field.

2. By using more loops of wire.
3. By increasing the speed with which we cut the magnetic lines of force.

Number 3 above can be eliminated because we have decided that 60 Hz is the standard frequency that we want
to use, and increasing the speed would change the frequency.

In order to increase the number of loops of wire we simply wind many more turns of wire on a suitable holder.

Turning a loop of wire in a magnetic field will create a current and likewise, turning a magnet in a coil will also create
a current. In our Homelite generators we have chosen to turn a magnet inside of a coil to generate power in the coil.
The coil is wound on a laminated steel core, which is known as the stator. The stator is the stationary part of the
generator, and is the power producing part as well.

We increase the amount of electrical energy that we generate by increasing the magnetic field.

In order to increase the magnetic field we press steel laminations onto a shaft and wind coils around the steel.
This is called an Electro-Magnet, and is used because the strength of the magnet can be controlled by the
amount of current flowing through the coils.

This assembly is better known as the ROTOR. It is known as a rotor because it is the part that rotates inside of the
stator. It is also the part that produces the magnetic field needed to generate power in the stator coils.

Since this whole assembly rotates, we cannot simply connect wires to it in order to energize it. So, slip rings and
brushes are provided in order to transfer the necessary current to the rotating rotor.

Think of a rotor as a powerful rotating magnet which takes electric current to generate the magnetism. The strength
of the magnetic field is determined by how much current is sent through the rotor coils.

For the Electro-Magnet to operate we must use direct current because alternating current would make the
Electro-Magnet change polarity and would not provide a constant magnetic field. To provide the direct current a
bridge rectifier (full wave rectifier) is used to change the AC output from the excitation winding into DC

27
 GENERATOR THEORY

OUTPUT FROM THE EXCITATION WINDING INTO DC

To understand the workings of the bridge rectifier we first must understand how the rectifier works. The rectifier
is made up of four diodes. Diodes allow current to pass freely in one direction but block current flow in the
opposite direction. To understand how Diodes work would require an extensive knowledge of chemistry and
physics. The important thing we must remember is that they allow current flow in one direction only. A bridge
rectifier uses four diodes connected in such a way that the alternating current fed Into is changed into direct
current.

FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Rather than using current from the main output windings to power the rotor, we use an extra winding dedicated
to that purpose. This winding is called an excitation winding. Winding the proper number of turns of wire into
the stator main and excitation windings, and a proportionate number of turns on the rotor, our generator will
produce the voltage desired (120 volts or 240 volts).

As a load is applied to the output of the generator the voltage drops off. If the load applied is beyond the rated
output, the voltage will drop to a point where it will no longer operate the tools or appliances correctly. Also, the
excessive load will cause the engine to labor.

In order to obtain 240 volt output, another winding identical to the first winding is wound in the stator, if we hook
the two windings in series, so that the start of the second winding is attached to the end of the first winding, we
will in effect double the number of windings, therefore doubling the voltage.

28
 GENERATOR THEORY

Homelite contractor series generators utilize a “Max Power Switch” which allows the output windings to be placed
in series for 240V use, or parallel for obtaining maximum rated output from the 120V receptacles.
If we hook the two windings in parallel, that is the start of the second winding is hooked to the start of the first
winding and the end of the second winding is hooked to the end of the first winding, we will maintain the same
voltage but double the current capabilities, because we have effectively doubled the size of the wire.

In Homelite consumer generators with 240V output, the stator windings are hard wired to provide 120V and
240V. Notice in the illustration that the tab is removed on the ‘hot” side of the receptacle so that the two wind-
ings can not oppose each other. Full power can be drawn from the 240V receptacle.

Output 120V. Receptacle

Winding

240V. Receptacle

Output
Winding

29
 GENERATOR THEORY

VOLTAGE REGULATION
In the previous sections we learned basic electricity and generator principles. In this section we will learn of
topics specifically related to Homelite generators

Voltage regulation refers to a generator’s ability to maintain a constant output voltage from no-load to full-load
conditions.

Voltage regulation is usually expressed as a percent and is calculated by:

Percent Voltage Regulation = V nl - V fl x 100

V fl Vnl = Voltage @ no load
Vfl = Voltage @ full load

Through the years, many different methods to regulate the voltage of a generator have been devised. Currently,
we only employ two different methods:

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION:

Homelite’s HL, EH, HRL, EHRL and LR series of generators employ this method of voltage regulation. Basically,
a separate excitation coil is wound on the stator. This excitation coil produces AC power which is rectified by a
bridge rectifier and then filtered by a capacitor. This DC voltage is then supplied directly to the rotor through the
slip rings. Under no-load conditions, the excitation winding is only energized by the rotating field. As load is
added to the main windings, a little extra magnetic flux is produced by the load current flowing through the main
windings which tends to “boost” the output of the excitation winding, In this way, the generator can give itself a
little extra exciter voltage (and thus output voltage) during heavy loads. Voltage regulation tends to be between
15% and 20% for this series of generators. This boils down to no-load voltages as high as 145 VAC and full load
voltages as Iow as 110 VAC (these figures include manufacturing tolerances). In short, the generator’s voltage
is controlled by the Inherent qualities of the winding design.

Rectified (DC)
Output Excitation Voltage
Winding

Capacitor

Rectifier
Output
Winding

Excitation
Winding

30
 GENERATOR THEORY

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION:

Homelite generators employ an electronic voltage regulator to maintain output voltage levels. In this method, a
separate exciter winding is also wound on the stator. Current from an overly powerful quad circuit after being
rectified, is “reduced” by an electronic voltage regulator to a more appropriate level.

The patented Homelite electronic voltage regulator (EVR) utilizes generator field control for regulating the output
voltage of an AC generator, providing improved motor starting ability. The EVR makes it possible to regulate the
output voltage of the generator from 2%-6% and provides motor starting ability of about 0.75 hp/kw.

When a load is applied to the generator, the AC output voltage will tend to decrease. The voltage regulator
through connections to the receptacles senses this decrease. When a voltage drop is detected, rectified quad
voltage is allowed to pass through the voltage regulator to the rotor windings, increasing its magnetic strength.
This increase compensates for the additional load and maintains the generator’s constant AC output voltage.

Consumer Generator Contractor Generator

The regulator also has a bypass circuit for facilitating generator start-up by allowing the residual voltage of the
generator to feed unimpeded into the generator field until the output voltage of the generator has built up. The
Homelite contractor series electronic voltage regulator gives exceptionally good regulation of less than 2%.
Homelite consumer series electronic voltage regulator will maintain 6% regulation. In addition, the unique design
of these regulators gives our generators extremely good motor starting capability. Voltage regulation is important
to the user in that most appliances and tools are designed with the local power company’s regulation of 6% in
mind.

Although most appliances and tools will run perfectly well on reduced or increased voltage, the overall life and
performance may be degraded. Also, there is nothing more annoying than watching the lights dim every time you
pull the trigger on your electric drill. For this reason, serious generator users generally prefer electronically regu-
lated models. Inherently regulated models, however, still offer a low cost alternative for users who may not be as
concerned about voltage fluctuations.

31
 GENERATOR THEORY

“BRUSH” VS. “BRUSHLESS” DESIGN

There seems to be a common belief that brushless generators are better than generators that employ brushes
for excitation. The facts are that during extensive testing of Homelite generator ends, brushes typically last for
more than 1000 hours of operation, which is more than adequate. Also, generators that use brushes have better
control of the rotor magnetism, which allows for better voltage regulation (both inherent and electronic), and
much better motor starting.

“BRUSH” GENERATOR THEORY

As the rotor begins turning, the residual magnetism retained by the rotor induces (causes) a voltage in the
excitation winding. The bridge rectifier then converts the AC voltage from the excitation winding to DC The
rectified excitation voltage is then applied to the rotor windings through the brushes and slip rings, causing the
rotor’s magnetic strength to increase.

Stator

Brushes
Rectifier
Rotor

Slip Rings
QuadWinding
OutputWinding

This increase in the rotor’s magnetism is induced into the output windings at the same time. A proportionate
number of turns of wire in the rotor, excitation and output windings results in a build-up of voltage to a useful
level (120v. AC) when the rotor reaches it’s magnetic saturation point.

Stator

Brushes
Rectifier
Rotor

Slip Rings
Quad Winding

OutputWinding

32
 GENERATOR THEORY

“BRUSHLESS” GENERATOR THEORY

As the rotor begins turning, the residual magnetism retained by the rotor core causes the stator sub-coil (similar to
excitation winding) to produce a voltage. This voltage is applied to the condenser (capacitor) connected to the sub-
coil. The condenser builds a charge and then releases it when it reaches a certain value. This building of a charge
causes a current to flow in the sub-coil, which creates a strong magnetic field just as the rotor coils begin to pass
by the sub-coil.

The magnetic field in the sub-coil induces an AC voltage, which is rectified to DC by two diodes on the rotor. This
DC is fed through the rotor windings, boosting the strength of the rotor magnet, and increasing output to the rated
voltage.

When a Load is applied to the receptacle, the current magnetizes the main coil. Since the main coil and sub-coil
share a common core, the main coil acts as a primary winding, inducing a current flow in the sub-coil. This current
flow increases the strength of the magnetic field in the sub-coil, which increases the strength of the field in the rotor
coils by induction. When the rotor’s magnetic strength is increased; the generator’s output is increased.

33
 GENERATOR THEORY

FLASHING THE FIELD

In Homelite generators, the steel laminations used to construct the rotor are designed to retain a little magnetism
when the rotor is powered down. This residual magnetism is first put into the unit during the manufacturing process,
by applying an external source of DC voltage of the proper polarity to the rotor. This is called Flashing the Field.

Occasionally, a generator will lose its residual magnetism (due to vibration during shipping, for instance), and it will
be necessary to again flash the field. This can be accomplished using a 6, 9, or 12-Volt Lawn and Garden battery.
With the generator running, touch a lead connected from the positive battery terminal to the positive brush termi-
nal, and a lead from the negative battery terminal to the negative brush terminal. The DC voltage fed through the
rotor windings should restore magnetism. If the generator does not show any output after flashing the field, refer to
the troubleshooting section for that generator.

Some manufacturers build small permanent magnets into their rotors in order to insure the presence of a residual
magnetic field. Occasionally, even these units will require flashing due to the “permanent’ magnet losing its mag-
netism.

WINDING INSULATION
Electrical insulation is classified by it’s ability to withstand high temperatures.

The most common insulation classes are as follows:

Class A: 105°C
Class B: 130°C
Class F: 155°C
Class H: 180°C

An insulation system is classified by its weakest link. That is, if all of the different insulating parts that make up a
generator meet Class H requirements, except one which meets only Class B requirements, the generator is only
considered to meed Class B insulation requirements. As advertised, the insulation system used in our generators
meets and exceeds Class F requirements.

Naturally, the generator does not run that hot. Under normal circumstances, generator temperatures rarely exceed
125°C. However, if something should go wrong (i.e., an extreme overload, repetitive short circuits, etc.), the high
temperature capability of these units will allow them to survive where lower class insulation systems may not.

34
 GENERATOR THEORY

GENERATOR COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

OUTPUT CIRCUIT

OUTPUT WINDINGS: Deliver voltage, induced by the rotating field of the rotor magnet, to the receptacles.

RECEPTACLES, SWITCHES, METERS: Allow access to and control of output. “Max Power Switch” allows
output windings to be placed in series for 240V. use or parallel to obtain maximum rated output from the 120V.
receptacles.

EXCITATION CIRCUIT

EXCITATION WINDINGS: AC current is induced by the rotating field of the rotor magnet for the purpose of
returning to the rotor windings after it has been rectified (changed to DC) to increase the magnetic strength of
the rotor.

ROTOR: Turns within the stator supplying a charge to the output and excitation windings in the stator through
induction.

MAGNET: initial source of energy when the generator starts up, inducing voltage in the stator’s quad windings
(The generator “magnet” is actually laminated steel with magnetic properties, not a true permanent magnet.)

ROTOR WINDINGS: allow voltage to be fed around the rotor magnet to increase its strength and to control or
regulate the generator output.

SLIP RINGS: Since the rotor is moving and the excitation voltage is coming from the non-moving excitation
windings, the slip rings allow contact between the stationary stator and moving rotor.

BRUSHES: Feed excitation voltage through the slip rings into the rotor windings (after it has been rectified) so
that the proper control over output voltage level can be maintained.

RECTIFIER: The excitation windings produce AC like the output circuit, but the magnet (rotor) must be charged
with DC The rectifier changes the excitation winding’s AC current to DC using a series of four diodes. The
diodes block electrical flow in one direction and allow it to flow in the other.

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR: Senses output voltage and regulates the amount of DC voltage that
goes to the rotor windings. The negative (white) wire from the rectifier is connected to the voltage regulator and
the voltage needed is allowed back to the brushes through the black wire. The natural output (unregulated) is
approximately 150 V.AC

CIRCUIT BREAKER: Contractor Generators - The circuit breaker interrupts the voltage at the excitation
winding when it heats up from an overload. This usually happens when the excitation circuit is working too hard
to keep the rotor sufficiently boosted. Consumer Generators - The circuit breaker interrupts the voltage to the
receptacle when an overload causes it to heat up.
NOTE: The output should still be approximately 3 V AC because the rotor magnet is still turning within the
output windings, it’s just not being excited.

CAPACITOR: Smoothes out or filters the pulsating DC current from the rectifier to the rotor for improved motor
starting.

35
 GENERATOR THEORY

IDLE CONTROL BOARD: Sends 60 V.DC to the electromagnet when there is no current sensed in the output
circuit. The board runs on 120 V. output voltage. (At idle it’s more like 90V.)

TRANSFORMER: Senses output current by induction, having two output leads pass through it.

FUSE: Protects the idle control board from short-circuited electromagnet.

ELECTROMAGNET: When energized, magnetically pulls governor arm to itself to reduce engine R.P.M.’s to
around 2650. When the transformer senses a load, it shuts off voltage to the electromagnet, causing the
electromagnet to release control of the engine speed to the governor and load.

GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER: Measures voltages in the “hot” wire and the “neutral” wire. When the
voltage measured is greater in the “hot” wire than the “neutral”, the circuit breaker trips, cutting off power to the
receptacle.

36
 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION
LR/EH/HL GENERATORS
37
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION

1 START ENGINE WITHOUT LOAD

ENGINE R.P.M. – 3,750 – 3,800

Start and run the generator; use a tachometer (Homelite Part Number 18416) to check engine RPM. No-
load RPM should be 3,750 - 3,800 RPM.

2 ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY

APPLY RATED LOAD
CHECK OUTPUT WITH VOM

Check rated output. Use a volt-ohm-milliamp (VOM) meter set on AC volt scale and insert the VOM probes into the
120V receptacle. Voltage at no-load should be 135-140 volts AC. 240 receptacle output should be 263-268 volts
AC.

Apply rated load (2,300, 4,000 or 5,000 watts) to the generator. If the engine speed drops below 3,550 RPM, the
problem is low engine power. Check the engine to find the cause of low power.

SERVICE NOTE: If the speed and voltage are correct, use an am-
meter to check the amperage draw of the tool or tools being used.
Also, check to make sure the total amperage draw (starting and
running) does not exceed the generator rated capacity. Check ex-
tension cords for proper size; look for long extension cord lengths,
damaged insulation, exposed conductors or strained plugs.

38
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Many times generator problems result from improper use and application rather than problems relating to
malfunction or failure of the generator itself.

4 NO VOLTAGE AT
RECEPTACLE

A RESET CIRCUIT BREAKER

RETEST

If the running test indicated no output, reset the circuit breaker(s) and re-test for voltage.

To test the circuit breakers, remove the red and black wires from each circuit breaker terminal. Use a VOM
meter on RX1 scale and place the meter probes on the two circuit breaker terminals. There should be straight
continuity. Replace the circuit breaker if no continuity or high resistance is shown.

An Important Word of Caution:

The generator uses a vibration system that allows the generator
and engine to “float” in the roll cage. The vibration isolation is
nullified if the shipping block or cardboard under the engine is not
removed when preparing the unit for operation. Failure to remove
this packing material can lead to serious damage to the entire
machine!

39
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

B 0 –2.9 VOLTS AC
FLASH FIELD

If voltage readings are below 3 volts AC or if there is 0 volts AC, the generator may have lost it’s residual
magnetism. See the section on “Flashing the Field” for more details on residual magnetism and generator opera-
tion.

Residual magnetism can be restored by using a 6 or 12 volt battery, and two test leads (with probes) attached
to the battery.

Start and run the generator. Hold the negative battery lead probe on the silver pin protruding from the brush
holder (with the black negative brush lead attached to the other end of the pin).

Now, momentarily touch the positive battery lead probe to the other silver pin (with the red positive brush lead
attached to the pin). Correct polarity must be maintained. This process will feed the rotor, via the brushes, with
either 6 or 12 volts DC; which will re-establish residual magnetism to the rotor.

A much easier and safer

way to flash the field is to
use a “Field Flasher”, part
number UP00457. Simply
flip the switch on the field
flasher to the “ON” position
and plug it into the 120-volt
AC receptacle of a running
generator.

40
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

C CHECK WIRING AND

RECEPTACLES

No voltage at either 120V or 240V receptacles can be caused by broken or loose wires, or burned or broken
receptacles. This is especially true when voltage is present at one receptacle and not another. This is why it is
necessary to check voltage at all receptacles and outlets when testing the generator output.

Unscrew the four brush head bolts and carefully remove the brush head. The brushes are spring loaded and will
pop out when the brush head is removed. Inspect all output wires from the stator to the receptacles.

Also, inspect the excitation winding and brush lead terminals at the rectifier. If wire terminals are loose, flow
solder onto the terminal and wire to give a good electrical connection.

D CHECK RECTIFIER

Remove the two yellow AC leads and the black (negative) and red (positive) brush leads from the rectifier.

41
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Place a VOM on the RX1 scale or equivalent. Touch the VOM probes to any two rectifier terminals that are next
to each other.

If there is continuity, note the resistance reading. Now, switch the leads between the two terminals. There should
be no continuity. If there was no continuity when the meter probes were placed on the rectifier, switch the VOM
probes between the two terminals. There should now be continuity. Once again, the resistance reading should be
noted. This test should be performed on all four rectifier terminals.

When completed, the test should look like this:

Terminals 1 and 2: Continuity, No Continuity
Terminals 2 and 3: Continuity, No Continuity
Terminals 3 and 4: Continuity, No Continuity
Terminals 4 and 1: Continuity, No Continuity

If the diode under test shows continuity each time the leads are switched, the diode is shorted out and the
rectifier should be replaced. If there is no continuity in either direction, the diode is open, and the rectifier should
be replaced. If one or more resistance reading is much lower than the rest, replace the rectifier.

SERVICE NOTE: If diodes in the rectifier were shorted out, the rotor may have been fed AC current. Residual
magnetism will have to be re-established by flashing the field.
42
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

E CHECK CAPACITOR

Place VOM on RX100 minimum or highest ohm scale on the meter. Disconnect the capacitor leads from the
circuit. Place the two VOM lead probes on each capacitor lead. The needle should swing sharply from straight
continuity towards infinity. The needle should rise until resistance in the capacitor stops the rise, then the VOM
should show a stable, charged state (no increase or decrease). NOTE: Analog meters will show a rise to infinity,
then the needle will drop towards zero once resistance is high enough in the capacitor. Digital meters will rise
towards infinity until the capacitor is fully charged, then the meter will go to the overscale/no continuity mode.

Switch the VOM leads. There should be a rapid decrease in value until the VOM reads zero ohms. If the VOM
reads straight continuity at the capacitor leads, the capacitor is shorted. If the VOM reading fluctuates between
straight continuity and infinity, the capacitor is leaking. If either of these conditions exist, replace the capacitor.

F CHECK BRUSHES

Inspect the brush lead connections with the brush holder. The prongs on the brush leads must be locked in
place on the brush holder; otherwise the leads can loose contact with the brush springs.

43
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Use a VOM meter on RX1 scale to check continuity through each brush lead and brush, Place one VOM probe on
the lead (disconnected from the rectifier) and one probe on the brush pushed into the brush holder. There should be
straight continuity. If not, disconnect the brush lead(s) from the brush holder and test the leads and brushes
separately.

Examine the brushes. If they are worn to 9/16" (14mm) or less, replace them. Worn brushes can “bounce” on the
slip rings causing intermittent or low output.

G CHECK SLIP RINGS

Examine the slip rings for excessive wear and/or

damage. Grooves in the slip rings are not acceptable.
A carbon path (black discoloration) on the slip rings is
normal, however a severe build up of carbon may
cause the brushes to lose contact with the slip rings.
Use a pot scrubber pad, or a pad such as a 3M
Scotchbrite, to clean the slip rings.

H CHECK ROTOR AND STATOR WITH VOM

Visually inspect the rotor for broken wires at the slip rings and field coil. Re-solder the connections or replace
the rotor if any connections are broken.
Put VOM selector switch in the RX1 position or equivalent. Place one VOM lead probe on each slip ring. Check
the proper resistance specification in the Rotor and Stator Resistance Chart.

If the resistance reading is lower than that specified, the rotor has shorted turns and should be replaced.

Touch one rotor slip ring with one of the VOM probes. Place the other VOM probe on the rotor shaft. There
should be no continuity. If continuity exists on either slip ring, the coil is shorted to the shaft. The rotor must be
replaced.

44
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Disconnect the two yellow AC excitation winding leads from the rectifier. Select RX1 or lowest ohm scale on the
VOM. Measure the excitation winding resistance.

Check the proper resistance specification in the Rotor and Stator Resistance Chart.
If the readings are not within the specified range, replace the stator.

With the VOM set on RX1 or lower, touch one VOM probe to a yellow excitation winding lead. Touch the other
probe to the stator laminations. Test both wires in turn. If continuity exists on either wire, the stator windings are
shorted and the stator must be replaced.

With VOM selector switch in the RX1 position or lowest scale possible, measure the resistance between the
stator main output winding (single voltage 120VAC) or windings (dual voltage 120/240 VAC).

Refer to the wiring diagrams in this Service Guide or the generator’s operator’s manual for color codes on the
main winding leads.

Measure the resistance between the two correct colored leads.

If any of the resistance readings are substantially less than the specifications or if there is no continuity, replace
the stator.

Place one VOM probe on each of the stator leads in turn and the other VOM probe on the stator laminations.
There should be no continuity. If continuity exists, replace the stator.
45
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

5 NO VOLTAGE UNTIL LOAD IS APPLIED

A CHECK ENGINE RPM

NO LOAD AND FULL LOAD

Check engine speed to make sure it meets the 3,750-3,800 RPM no load and 3,600 RPM full load.

B CHECK POLARITY AT SLIP RING AND

CAPACITOR

Inspect the polarity of the brush/capacitor leads at the brush holder. The red or positive leads should be at-
tached to the brush that is closest to the brush head bearing. This brush rides on the outer slip ring. The black
brush/capacitor lead should be attached to the brush closest to the stator. This brush rides on the inner slip ring.
Check the polarity of the brush leads at the rectifier. The red (+) lead goes on the + terminal of the rectifier. The
black (-) lead goes on the - terminal of the rectifier.
SERVICE NOTE: Care must be taken to establish proper polarity of the brush leads, as improper installation will
blow the capacitor.

C CHECK RECTIFIER

The rectifier check is the same as shown in section 4D.

D CHECK FLAG TERMINALS AT

RECTIFIER

Flag terminal on the AC (yellow) excitation winding leads and the brush leads (red and black) can be loose and
cause a loss of field build up in two ways.

First, the flag terminals can be loose on the rectifier terminals, resulting in an intermittent loss of the electrical path.
When a load is applied the boost in the excitation winding output can jump a loose terminal resulting in output. The
flag terminals must be tight on the rectifier terminals.

Second, the flag terminals can be loose on the AC or brush wires and not making a 100% electrical connection.
If the terminals are loose, flow solder into the terminal/wire joint to make sure a good connection is maintained.

E CHECK ALL OTHER PUSH ON

CONNECTIONS

Check all other push on connections, including at the 120V AC receptacle (white and brown stator leads) and
the black and red leads at the circuit breaker(s).

F CHECK ROTOR AND STATOR

Visually inspect the rotor slip ring and rotor coil connections. A loose connection can cause output when a load is
applied.
46
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Use a VOM meter to measure continuity in the rotor. The VOM meter uses a small electrical current to measure
continuity. If there is a bad electrical connection that is made when a load is applied, it will show as no continu-
ity with a VOM meter. As with the rotor, the stator wires can have a small break and only show output when a
load “boost” is applied to the stator windings. It is much like the arcing that is generated when a light switch is
thrown.

Use a VOM meter to test stator continuity; any bad electrical connections will show as no continuity.

REPAIR(S) COMPLETE – TEST

G
GENERATOR AT FULL LOAD

When completing repairs on a generator, it is a must that full load be drawn. This tests generator output, engine
performance and proper voltage levels and hertz.

H CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS

The circuit breaker(s) are in series with the output of the generator and will protect the generator from severe
overloads, bad tools or equipment and dead shorts.

I CHECK FOR OVERLOAD

CHECK CIRCUIT BREAKER

If there is more than one load on the generator, reduce the load. If the circuit breaker trips, examine the tools or
equipment with an ammeter to determine amperage draw.

Use an ammeter to determine what amperage draw is tripping the circuit breaker. If it is below rated amperage,
replace the circuit breaker.

6 LOW VOLTAGE AT NO LOAD

A CHECK ENGINE R.P.M.

Engine RPM must be 3,750-3,800 RPM No-load. Use a good quality tachometer (Homelite P/N 18416) to test
the no load speed.

Low engine RPM will result in low voltage under load. This can damage the generator. Tools and equipment may
also be damaged.

CHECK BRUSHES AND

B
SLIP RINGS

Follow the test and inspection procedures as outlined in sections 4F and 4G.
Brushes or springs that are worn can “bounce” on the slip rings, causing the voltage at no load to be low or
intermittent.

47
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

C CHECK WIRING

Examine the wiring carefully for chafing, loss of insulation, and separated wires and terminals.

For example, if the capacitor is not in the circuit because of a loose connection or broken wire, no load voltage
will decrease to approximately 90V AC.

D CHECK RECTIFIER

Use the ‘Go-No Go” test method as outlined in section 4D.

A diode failure (open) can cause half-wave rectification, so that generator output is reduced by approximately
one-half.

E CHECK CAPACITOR

Capacitor test instructions are located in section 4E.

An open capacitor can reduce AC output by causing a distortion in the AC waveform, which reduces the
effective DC power to the rotor. This can reduce AC output by 25%.

A shorted capacitor can cause rectifier and rotor failure, as the capacitor is parallel to the rotor windings.
Generally, the capacitor will blow, because amperage draw to the capacitor is greater than the design limits of
the canister.

F CHECK ROTOR

A layer short within the rotor coils can reduce AC output by reducing the strength of the magnetic field,

Use the test instructions in sections 4H and 5F to troubleshooting the rotor.

Use a VOM meter to test the stator windings. A layer short in the stator can reduce AC output, although in most
cases, there will be no output. Test the stator as in sections 4H and 5F.

7
VOLTAGE NORMAL BUT DROPS
OFF UNDER LOAD

A CHECK ENGINE RPM – SHOULD

BE 3,600 RPM AT FULL LOAD

No load engine speed must be set slightly above full load speed of 3,600 RPM in order to maintain 60 Hertz at
full load. No load speed should be 3,750-3,800 RPM.

48
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

CHECK TOOL WIRING AND
B
AMPERAGE DRAW

Examine all tools and/or equipment drawing amperage from the generator. Faulty cord sets, worn tools can
cause short circuits and heavy amperage draw. Use an ammeter to test the current draw of the tools and/or
equipment.

CHECK FOR OVERLOADED

C
GENERATOR

Check the nameplate ratings of tools or equipment being used with the generator. The nameplate amperage
rating indicates running amperage draw only. Use the following rough estimate to determine starting amperage
for various tools and equipment.

Multiply x 1 - if the generator is operating heating or lighting equipment. Example: 10-100 watt light bulbs draw a
constant 8.3 amps (10 x 100 / 120 = 8.3 amps).

Multiply x 2 - if a hand tool is being used. They typically use twice their rated amperage under full load as they do
under no load conditions. Example: a hand drill that requires 7 amps no load may require up to 14 amps at full load
use.

Multiply x 3 - if an electric motor is used to operate a piece of equipment. They require up to three times their
rated amperage to start as they do when they come up to speed. Example: a 1 HP capacitor start motor
typically requires approximately 9 amps to run, 27 amps to start.

Generator watts required = amps x volts x 1, 2 or 3. This is a good minimum estimate of equipment or tool
amperage draw. Remember that the total amperage draw must not exceed the amperage rating of the 120 or 240-
volt receptacles.

Large generator loads should always be started first, followed by the next largest load. The smallest loads
should be started last.

D CHECK CAPACITOR

If the capacitor is breaking down under load, voltage will drop as load is applied. Use test instructions in section
4E for troubleshooting information.

E CHECK RECETIFIER

No load voltage may appear normal, however as load is applied a marginal diode can fail, causing a drop or loss
of the magnetic field, reducing voltage at the receptacles. Use section 4D for testing the rectifier.

49
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

8 HIGH VOLTAGE AT NO LOAD

A HIGH ENGINE RPM

Engine must be run at no load, which should be 3,750-3,800 RPM.

Run the generator under full load (2300 watts, 4000 watts, or 5000 watts)

The unit should run at 3,600 RPM.

3 ENGINE APPEARS TO BE UNDER LOAD -

STOP ENGINE

A DISCONNECT EXCITATION WINDING LEADS

AT RECTIFIER – START ENGINE - RETEST

B ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY – CHECK

RECTIFIER – START ENGINE

A rectifier that is shorted to ground will overload the generator. Up to 100 amps can flow through a shorted rectifier,
so the simplest way to test for this fault is to disconnect the two yellow (AC) excitation winding leads from the
rectifier.

Perform the Go-No Go rectifier test shown in Section 4D.

B1
ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY
WITH NEW RECTIFIER

C1 REPAIR COMPLETE

D1 ENGINE STILL APPEARS TO

BE UNDER LOAD

E1 CHECK RECEPTACLE FOR

BROKEN STRAP

50
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Dual voltage models must have the strap on the hot (brass screw) side of the 120V receptacle broken prior to
installation or the two stator output windings will oppose one another causing a load on the engine. Examine.

F1 SHORT IN STATOR OR
BRUSHHEAD WIRING

A loaded condition on start up indicates a wiring problem (neutral, hot wires on same side of receptacle), or a
short to ground in the stator winding.

G1 DISCONNECT STATOR LEADS

START ENGINE

To determine where the short to ground is (wiring or stator) disconnect the stator leads from the brush head
components. Use electrical tape to insulate each stator lead from possible grounding.

Just prior to brush head re-installation, route the four leads through a slot in the brush head so they are hanging
outside. Start the engine.

H1 ENGINE NORMAL – CHECK

FOR SHORT BEYOND STATOR

If the engine runs normally, there is mis-wiring in the brush head. Use the electrical schematic for the unit to
check for wiring faults.
I1 ENGINE STILL UNDER LOAD –
REPLACE STATOR

Check the four wires for signs of chafing or rubbing; shorted wires may cause an artificial Ioad. Use a VOM
meter to test each stator lead to ground. Continuity with any lead indicates a short to ground. Replace the
stator.
51
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

ENGINE STILL APPEARS UNDER
B2
LOAD – MECHANICAL PROBLEM

C2 CHECK FOR ROTOR RUBBING

STATOR

If the generator is running, listen for abnormal noise coming out of the generator end. If the unit is not running,
pull on the starter grip (high-tension lead disconnected) to listen for possible mechanical noises.

Remove the four stator bolts (nuts) and brush head. Find and remove the two brushes and springs from the brush
head. Physically inspect the leading edge of the rotor and stator for signs of rubbing. It may be necessary to
remove the stator to thoroughly inspect the rotor and stator.

Causes of rotor and stator rubbing are: end bell misalignment (bolts loose, bolt holes mis-drilled), incorrect
stator manufacturing, brush head misalignment, brush head bearing failure, varnish or bent lamination at stator
to end bell mounting surface.
D2 CHECK BEARING IN BRUSH HEAD

Inspect the bearing and/or rotor shaft (where it runs on bearing I.D.*) for signs of burning, bluing or scoring. A
worn or damaged bearing can cause abnormal loading on the engine.

*I.D. = Inside Diameter

52
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

INHERENT VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

E2 CHECK ENGINE

Low engine power is obvious once full load is applied. If voltage is normal, but engine speed drops below 3,550
RPM, then the engine needs servicing. Severe engine damage may cause hard starting and the appearance of
being under a slight load.

GENERATOR END DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

(EH, HL, HRL, LR SERIES)
To disassemble the generator end, use a one-half inch wrench or socket to remove the two nuts and lock
washers that secure the stator to the mounting bracket. Use a three-eighths or seven-sixteenths wrench or
socket to remove the four bolts that secure the brush head to the stator.

Lift up on the stator and support the end bell with a block of wood. Be sure the stator bolts clear the mounting
bracket. Gently remove the stator and brush head assembly by pulling straight out from the end bell.

Use a one-half inch wrench or socket to remove the long rotor bolt from the center shaft of the rotor. Remove
the rotor using one of the following methods.

Method 1:
Prior to removing the generator rotor, obtain a rotor removal pin part number 22272 and cut it into various
lengths. From the machined end, cut the pin to a length of three inches. Cut the left over length of the rotor pin
into the following pieces:

One-quarter inch, one-half inch, three-quarter inch, one inch, and two and one-half inch.
Insert the rotor pin and add pieces of the pin to obtain an overall length that is three and one half inches shorter
than the rotor shaft.

In earlier units the internal rotor threads are closer to the end of the rotor shaft. In this case, insert the rotor pin
and add pieces of the pin to obtain an overall length that is three-eighths of an inch shorter than the rotor shaft.

53
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

GENERATOR END DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (continued)

Install a 3/8-16 X 3 ¾ inch length bolt and tighten it against the rotor pin to force the rotor and fan assembly
away from the crankshaft.

Method 2:

Screw a slide hammer into the rotor shaft. On some rotors with deep set internal threads you will add a 3/8-16
threaded extension to your slide hammer. While supporting the rotor, pop the rotor and fan assembly off of the
crankshaft.

If it becomes necessary to work on the engine, remove the generator end bell by unscrewing the four bolts
securing the end bell to the engine. Note that the solid side of the end bell is located at the top.

Assemble the generator by applying thread-locking compound to the bolts securing the generator end bell to the
engine. Torque the bolts to the specifications listed in the Generator Basics Service Guide.

Wipe the engine crankshaft and rotor shaft taper clean of grease and debris. If a new rotor is being installed, remove
the fan, if not damaged, from the defective rotor. Inspect varnish or bent lamination at stator to end bell mounting
surface. Install the fan and four screws on the new rotor. Slide the rotor and fan assembly onto the crankshaft.
Insert the long bolt through the lock washer and rotor into the crankshaft. Tighten the bolt finger tight.

The rotor bolt will be tightened after the assembly of the stator and brush head is complete. The bolt needs to
remain loose throughout the assembly procedure to allow the rotor and stator to align properly with the housing
and crankshaft.

Gently slide the stator over the rotor; making sure the two bolts at the bottom of the stator seat into the mount-
ing bracket and lock washers. Screw the two one-half inch nuts and lock washers hand tight. If a new stator or a
new brush head is being installed reconnect the excitation winding and main output leads.

Connect the ground wire to the stator laminations. Use wire ties to neatly secure all of the electrical leads.
Carefully, route the leads behind the circuit breakers so they will not contact the rotor.

Install the brushes in the brush holder. Retain the brushes for assembly by inserting the brush holder tool or a
straightened paper clip through the housing hole and the brush holder.

54
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

GENERATOR END DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (continued)

Seat the brush head over the rotor and stator. Slide the two bolts into the slots at the bottom of the brush head
and tighten them finger tight. Install the two bolts into the slots at the top of the brush head.

Tighten the rotor bolt slowly and ensure that the rotor turns smoothly inside of the stator. Torque the four bolts
securing the brush head to the correct specifications. Tighten the rotor bolt to the proper torque specification.
Install a new expansion plug into the rotor bolt opening on the brush head. Torque the two mounting bracket nuts
to the proper specifications.

Important Note: Remove the tool holding the brushes in place.

After the generator has been properly assembled, start and run the unit. Apply the full rated load to the genera-
tor for at least five minutes.

55
56
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION

START ENGINE WITHOUT LOAD

ENGINE R.P.M. – 3,750 – 3,800

Start and run the generator; use a tachometer (Homelite Part Number 18416) to check engine RPM. No-load
RPM should be 3,750 - 3,800 RPM.

ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY APPLY RATED LOAD

CHECK OUTPUT WITH VOM

Use a volt-ohm-milliamp, or VOM, meter set on the highest AC volt scale. This is to insure that an unexpected high
voltage will not damage your meter.

Insert the VOM probes into the 120-volt receptacle. Voltage at no-load should be 120 volts AC +/- 6%. The 240-
volt receptacle output should be 240 volts AC +/- 6%.

Apply the rated load of 2,300, 4,000 or 5,000 watts, depending on the unit – to the generator. If the engine speed
drops below 3,550 RPM, low engine power may be the problem. Troubleshoot and repair the engine to correct
the cause of the low engine power.

Service Note:
If the speed and voltage are correct, use an ammeter to check the amperage draw of the tool or tools
being used. Also, check to make sure the total amperage draw, starting and running, does not exceed the
generator rated capacity. Check extension cords for proper size. Look for long extension cord lengths,
damaged insulation, exposed conductors or strained plugs.

Many times generator problems result from improper use and application rather than problems relating to
malfunction or failure of the generator itself.

PLACE IDLE CONTROL SWITCH IN

“IDLE” POSITION

Place the start/idle switch in the “idle” position. The electromagnet should energize and pull the engine throttle
back to idle, after a three to five second delay. If the engine does not throttle back to idle speed, refer to the idle
control troubleshooting section.

SERVICE NOTE: The idle control will only function if the generator has output. Be sure the generator is produc-
ing the required voltage before troubleshooting the idle control system.

NO VOLTAGE AT
RECEPTACLE

RESET CIRCUIT BREAKER

RETEST

57
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

An Important Word of Caution:

The generator uses a vibration system that allows the generator and engine to “float” in the roll cage.
The vibration isolation is nullified if the shipping block or cardboard under the engine is not removed
when preparing the unit for operation. Failure to remove this packing material can lead to serious
damage to the entire machine!

One of the first symptoms of packing materials that have not been removed will be unexplained tripping
of the GFCI. If the GFCI trips for no apparent, valid reason, check to ensure that the shipping material
was removed.

If the running test has indicated no output, reset the circuit breakers and GFCI and test again for voltage.

To test the circuit breakers, remove the red and black wires from each circuit breaker terminal. Use a VOM meter
on the R TIMES 1 scale and place the meter probes on the two circuit breaker terminals. The meter should indicate
straight continuity. Replace the circuit breaker if no continuity or high resistance is shown.

Push in the reset button on the GFCI. If the GFCI now has output, the 120-volt duplex receptacle should also
now have output, since it is protected by the GFCI.

No voltage at one or more receptacles after the circuit breakers and GFCI have been reset could be the result
of problems in two areas.

The problem may be within the control panel that houses the electronic voltage regulator board.

Or, the problem may be within the generator end, which includes the brushes, rotor and main windings.

The electronic voltage regulator, a printed circuit board, has several components: a capacitor, transistors, and
diodes. If any of these fail, the result could be no voltage at the receptacles.

Use the generator analyzer, part number 08371, to bypass the electronic voltage regulator circuit board. If an
analyzer is not available, it will be necessary to proceed with the static testing of each component.

If voltage readings are below 3 volts AC or if there is 0 volts AC, the generator may have lost it’s residual
magnetism. See the section on “Flashing the Field” for more details on residual magnetism and generator opera-
tion.

Residual magnetism can be restored by using a 6 or 12 volt battery, and two test leads (with probes) attached
to the battery.

Start and run the generator. Hold the negative battery lead probe on the silver pin protruding from the brush
holder (with the black negative brush lead attached to the other end of the pin).

58
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

FLASH THE FIELD

Now, momentarily touch the positive battery lead probe to the other silver pin (with the red positive brush lead
attached to the pin). Correct polarity must be maintained. This process will feed the rotor, via the brushes, with
either 6 or 12 volts DC; which will re-establish residual magnetism to the rotor.
A much easier and safer way to flash the field is to use a “Field Flasher”, part number UP00457. Simply flip the
switch on the field flasher to the “ON” position and plug it into the 120-volt AC receptacle of a running genera-
tor.

When the switch on the field flasher trips, the magnetic field is restored. If the voltage readings at all of the
receptacles are correct after flashing the field, stop the engine and restart it. Measure the voltage at the 120-volt
receptacle. If the measurement is 0 to 2.9 volts the rotor will not hold residual magnetism and needs to be replaced.

If the switch does not trip to the off position on the Homelite field flasher (the out put of the field flasher is 3+
volts dc) or voltage is not restored using a 6 or 12 volt battery and probes, then proceed with further testing.

GENERATOR ANALYZER

If there is no output at any receptacle, bypass the control panel by attaching the generator analyzer. With the
generator not running, unplug the large, main connector and the small excitation connector, from the back of the
control panel.

Plug the main and excitation connectors into the generator analyzer. Start and run the generator.

WARNING!
Do not unplug the generator from the
analyzer at any time while the engine is
running.

59
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

On dual voltage units, two lights should be lit. On single voltage units, one light should be lit. The lights indicate
that the rotor, the stator and the brush head are performing properly. If no neon lights are lit in the previous test,
use the field flasher, UP-00457, to flash the field, by plugging it into the receptacle on the generator analyzer. If
a field flasher is not available, refer to the previous troubleshooting section, for instructions on flashing the field
with a battery.

If both lights are still off, the problem is most likely located in the excitation circuit. If both lights become
lit, after flashing the field, stop the engine and then, restart it. If both lights are off again, after using the field
flasher, the rotor will not hold residual magnetism and needs to be replaced.

On dual voltage units, If one green light is not lit, then one output winding has an open or faulty circuit. If one
green light is dim, that output winding is partially shorted. Run the generator for three minutes. If there is a layer
short, the windings should begin to overheat and smoke. This indicates that the stator windings are faulty and
need to be replaced.

If the running tests with the generator analyzer show the generator end to be functioning properly and there is
still an output problem at the receptacles, the problem is in the control panel wiring or circuit board.

CHECK WIRING AND RECEPTACLES

Stop the engine, disconnect the battery, if so equipped, and disconnect the spark plug lead wire. To access the
wiring or circuit board, simply remove the ten T-25 TORX Plastite screws securing the front panel cover. Swing
the panel cover downward for inspection.

Visually inspect all of the wires, wire connections and receptacles.

No voltage at either 120V or 240V receptacles can be caused by broken or loose wires, or burned or broken
receptacles. This is especially true when voltage is present at one receptacle and not another. This is why it is
necessary to check voltage at all receptacles and outlets when testing the generator output.

Inspect all output wires from the large connector to the receptacles. If the wiring and receptacles check okay,
the circuit board is defective and must be replaced.

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

CIRCUIT BOARD
REPLACEMENT

To remove the circuit board; disconnect the small excitation connector from the rear of the control panel.
Disconnect the two electromagnet spade connectors from the rear of the control panel. Disconnect the red and
black wires that feed through the coil on the circuit board, from their connections to the circuit breakers. Re-
move the two spade connectors that attach the idle control switch leads to the circuit board. Disconnect the 4-
pin connector from the side of the circuit board.

Slide the circuit board out of the slots in the control panel.

Service Note:
If it is necessary to cut and remove the wire tie wraps, replace them with new tie wraps before reassem-
bling the control panel.

Clean the contacts on the circuit board before installation. This will remove any residue and provide the best
electrical contact. If the control board is being replaced on a single voltage generator, remove the two jumpers
on the control board.
Do not remove these jumpers for use in the dual
voltage generators. If jumpers are removed the
generators will produce 120 volts only.

Slide the circuit board into place and reconnect the

spade and 4-pin connectors. Be sure to route the red
and black wires back through the coil on the circuit
board correctly. Refer to the wiring diagram in the
operator’s manual or the reference section of this
service guide for proper routing of these wires.

If the generator analyzer shows the generator end to

be faulty or the analyzer is not available, static tests
ROTOR must be performed to determine which component is
defective.

To check the rotor windings, unplug the small excitation harness connector from the rear of the control panel
and take a resistance reading between the black and red wire.

Refer to the Stator and Rotor Resistance Chart in

the reference section for proper resistance specifica-
tions.

If the reading does not meet specifications the brush

head will have to be removed to check out the wires,
brushes, rotor and slip rings.

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Remove the four bolts retaining the brush head and

carefully pull the brush head off of the generator end.
The brushes are spring loaded and will pop out as the
brush head is removed.

CHECK BRUSHES

Inspect the brush lead connections with the brush

holder. The prongs on the brush leads must be locked
in place on the brush holder; otherwise the leads can
lose contact with the brush springs.

Use a VOM meter on the R TIMES 1 scale to check

continuity through each brush lead and brush. Place
one VOM probe on the red lead in the small excitation
circuit connector and one probe on the end of the
brush associated with the red lead while it is pushed
into the holder. The VOM should indicate straight
continuity. If not, disconnect the brush leads from the
brush holder. Test the leads and brushes separately.

Examine the brushes. If the brushes are worn to nine

sixteenths of an inch, or 14 millimeter, or less, replace
the brushes. Worn brushes can “bounce” on the slip
rings causing intermittent or low output.

CHECK SLIP RINGS

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Examine the slip rings for excessive wear and/or damage. Grooves in the slip rings are not acceptable. A
carbon path, indicated by black discoloration, on the slip rings is normal. However, a severe build up of carbon
may cause the brushes to lose contact with the slip rings. Use a pot scrubber pad, or a pad such as a 3M
Scotchbrite, to clean the slip rings. Do not use steel wool, sandpaper or emery-cloth on the slip rings.

Visually inspect the rotor for broken wires at the slip rings and field coil. Re-solder the connections or
replace the rotor if any connections are broken.

Put the VOM selector switch in the R times 1 position or equivalent. Place one VOM lead probe on each slip
ring.

Refer to the Stator and Rotor Resistance Chart in Touch one rotor slip ring with one of the VOM probes.
the reference section for proper resistance specifica- Place the other VOM probe on the rotor shaft. The meter
tions. The chart lists the resistance specifications by should now indicate no continuity.
UT number, Model and Part Number. If the resistance
reading is lower than that specified, the rotor has If continuity to the shaft exists on either slip ring, the
shorted turns and should be replaced. coil is shorted to the shaft and the rotor must be
replaced.

STATOR To check the excitation winding and the stator main-

windings, take resistance readings through the small
excitation connector and the large main output winding
connector.

With the VOM set to R times 1 or lowest Ohms scale,

place one probe on the white wire in the large connec-
tor. Place the other probe on each of the two yellow
wires in the small connector. The readings should be
identical and/or within plus or minus six percent, of the
specifications listed in the resistance chart.

Move the probe from the white wire to the stator body.
There should be no continuity from the stator body to
each of the yellow wires.

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

Place one probe on the white wire. Measure the resistance to the black wire, on single voltage models; and to
the black and red wires, on dual voltage models, in the large connector. The readings should be identical and/or
within plus or minus six percent of the specifications listed in the Stator and Rotor Resistance Chart.

Move the probe from the white wire to the stator body. There should be no continuity from the stator body to the
red or the black wires.

Place one probe on the green ground wire in the large connector and the other probe to the stator body. The
resistance reading should be less than 0.5 ohms. If the resistance readings do not meet the required specifica-
tions, the stator should be replaced.

Disassembly and re-assembly for this type of generator end is the same as the inherent regulated type except
for the following variations.

Before disassembly, disconnect the large main output winding connector and the small excitation winding
connector from the back of the control panel.

When assembling the brush head to the generator end slide the rubber grommet and wiring harness into the exit
slot on the bottom of the brush head.

LOW VOLTAGE AT NO LOAD

Make sure engine rpm is adjusted to proper specifications. Use a tachometer (Homelite part # 18416) to check
engine rpms.No-load speed should be 3750-3800 rpms. Retest

The electronic voltage regulator( circuit board ) has several components (capacitor, transistors, diodes) that can
fail, producing low voltage at the receptacles. Use the generator analyzer (Homelite part# 08371) to bypass the
circuit board. If an analyzer is not available, proceed with the static tests described in the previous section.

HIGH VOLTAGE

Make sure engine rpm is adjusted to proper specifications. Use a tachometer (Homelite part # 18416) to check
engine RPM. No-load speed should be 3750-3800 RPM. Retest

Stop the engine and check circuit board connections at H1. Refer to the wiring diagram in the reference section
for connection locations. If the connections are correct, the circuit board is defective and must be replaced.

ENGINE APPEARS TO BE UNDER

LOAD AT NO LOAD
Stop the engine and disconnect the large main winding connector and the small excitation connector from the
rear of the control panel. Attach the generator analyzer (Homelite part # 08371). Start the engine.
If the engine now runs normally check the control panel wiring and receptacles for evidence of shorting or
miswiring.

If the engine appears to be under load, run the unit for 5 minutes. If there is a layer short the windings will heat
up and smoke. Replace stator.
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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

ENGINE STILL APPEARS TO
BE UNDER LOAD

MECHANICAL PROBLEM

If the generator is running, listen for abnormal noise coming out of the generator end. If the unit is not running,
pull on the starter grip (high-tension lead disconnected) to listen for possible mechanical noises.

Remove the four stator bolts (nuts) and brush head. Find and remove the two brushes and springs from the
brush head. Inspect the bearing and/or rotor shaft (where it runs on bearing I.D.) for signs of burning, bluing or
scoring. A worn or damaged bearing can cause abnormal loading on the engine.

Physically inspect the leading edge of the rotor and stator for signs of rubbing. It may be necessary to remove
the stator to thoroughly inspect the rotor and stator.
Causes of rotor and stator rubbing are: end bell mis-alignment (bolts loose, boltholes mis-drilled), incorrect
stator manufacturing, brush head misalignment, or brush head bearing failure.

IDLE CONTROL

SERVICE NOTE: The idle control will only function if the generator has output. Be sure the generator is
producing the required voltage before troubleshooting the idle control system.

Test the idle control.

Set the idle control switch to the start position. Start and run the engine for two minutes. Place the switch in the
run or idle position. If the engine slows to idle speed apply a minimum of 50 watts load to the generator. The
engine RPM should immediately increase to normal load speed.

ENGINE STAYS AT IDLE WHEN

LOAD IS APPLIED

If the engine stays at idle when the load is applied make sure that the linkage is not catching, hanging or
binding in any way.

Ensure that the engine throttle is set and locked at high speed.

Ensure that the electromagnet/solenoid has not become permanently magnetized.

Verify that the load sensing wires are routed correctly through the sensor coil on the circuit board.

If these areas check okay then the circuit board will have to be replaced.

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

ENGINE CYCLES FROM IDLE TO
FULL SPEED CONTINUOUSLY

If the engine continuously cycles from idle to full speed check out the following solutions. The engine idle speed
may be too low.

If the speed is too low the strength of the magnetic field in the idle-control electromagnet/solenoid will be too
weak to hold the throttle arm in the idle position. Adjust the engine idle speed to the correct RPM (2640 to 2940
RPM).
On units equipped with a spring and lever design, adjust the solenoid so as to put slight tension on the spring.

On units equipped with a paddle arm design, the The electromagnet is too far from the paddle. Adjust
paddle arm may be bent or not parallel with the face of the electromagnet close enough to engage the paddle.
the electromagnet. Adjust the paddle arm until it is
parallel to the face of the electromagnet.

ENGINE RPM REMAINS AT

HIGH SPEED

If the engine RPM remains at high-speed five seconds after the idle control switch is set to the idle position
check out these possible solutions.

IDLE CONTROL SWITCH

The idle control switch may be defective. Perform a continuity test on the switch.
The Idle-Start switch is in series in the electromagnet circuit. Placing the switch in the IDLE position closes the
switch and allows current flow to the electromagnet. To test the switch disconnect the battery (if equipped) and
disconnect spark plug lead wire. Open front cover by removing the torx screws securing front cover to control
panel body.

Disconnect the spade connectors from the switch. Make a continuity check on the switch. The VOM should
show continuity with the switch in the IDLE position only. Replace switch if different readings are obtained.

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATION (continued)

ELECTROMAGNET/SOLENOID

If the electromagnet/solenoid does not energize, test for DC voltage at the spade connectors on the circuit
board.

At idle the measured voltage at the 120 V receptacle should be 80-95 VAC. Half wave rectified voltage is fed to the
electromagnet providing it with 35 - 45 VDC.

The electromagnet must be positioned close enough to the paddle to insure proper speed at idle (2640-2940
RPM). With the idle speed set to 2640 RPM (minimum), loosen the locking nuts and adjust the electromagnet
toward the paddle until the electromagnet will hold the paddle at idle.

The solenoid must be positioned to insure proper speed at idle (2640-2940 RPM). With the idle speed set to
2640 RPM (minimum), loosen the locking nuts and adjust the solenoid so that when engaged it will hold the
throttle lever at idle.

SERVICE NOTE
If the electromagnet cannot be adjusted far enough toward the paddle to hold the paddle, check the
carburetor slow idle adjustment screw to see if it is interfering with the paddle full range of movement.
The paddle linkage controls the engine governor and can be prevented from doing so if the idle stop
screw is set in too far.

If the voltage is present and within specifications and the electromagnet/solenoid is not energizing, test the
electromagnet/solenoid. Disconnect the electromagnet/solenoid wire connectors. Check the resistance between
the electromagnet/solenoid wires.

The resistance reading should be 240 to 273 ohms. Replace the electromagnet/solenoid if resistance through
the electromagnet/solenoid coil is abnormally low.

Check for continuity between each electromagnet/solenoid wire and the electromagnet/solenoid body. The VOM
should indicate NO continuity. Continuity through either of the leads and the electromagnet/solenoid case
constitutes a short to ground. If this is the case replace the electromagnet/solenoid.

67
 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
CONTRACTOR SERIES GENERATORS
68
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES

1 START ENGINE WITHOUT LOAD

ENGINE R.P.M. – 3,750 – 3,800

Start and run the generator; use a tachometer (Homelite Part Number 18416) to check engine RPM. No-load
RPM should be 3,750 - 3,800 RPM.

2 ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY APPLY RATED LOAD

CHECK OUTPUT WITH VOM

Check rated output. Use a volt-ohm-milliamp (VOM) meter set on the highest AC volt scale and insert the VOM
probes into the 120V receptacle. Voltage at no-load should be 120 volts AC +/- 2%. The 240 receptacle output
should be 240 volts AC +/- 2%.

Apply rated load (4,000 or 5,000 watts) to the generator. If the engine speed drops below 3,550 RPM, the
problem is low engine power. Check the engine to find the cause of low power.

4
NO VOLTAGE AT
RECEPTACLE

A RESET CIRCUIT BREAKER

RETEST

The contractor series generators utilize a single field circuit breaker. If tripped by an overload or dead short, this
circuit breaker will open the excitation circuit and output will cease.

Reset the circuit breaker (if tripped), start the engine and use a VOM meter to measure 120/240 volt output. If 120/
240 volt output is now normal, apply rated load. Run the generator at least five minutes.
Generally, the circuit breaker will only trip if amperage across the circuit breaker exceeds 2.5A. This can be a
result of a short circuit in the quad windings or shorted diode in the rectifier, or an excessive overload to the
generator. If the generator has normal output and the unit is not overloaded, the circuit breaker must be tested.

Disassemble the control panel to gain access to the circuit breaker. Start and run the generator, apply rated
load, then place an ammeter probe around the blue or yellow lead that is connected to the circuit breaker. At
rated load, the circuit breaker should not trip below 2.5. If it trips, replace the circuit breaker.

If the circuit breaker does not trip, find out what loads are being put on the generator, inspect and test all tools
and equipment being used on the generator. Test all tools and equipment with an ammeter to determine total
amperage requirements or for worn tools or equipment drawing excessive current. If an ammeter is not avail-
able, get the nameplate amperage draw (running) for each tool and piece of equipment.

69
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

A general rule of establishing starting load current is:

Running amperage x 1 = for a purely resistive circuit (light bulbs, heaters). Starting up or operating amperage is
the same.

Running am era e x 2 = tools with universal type AC/DC motors. Requires up to two times their free running
amps as when they are operating under load.

Running amperage x 3 = equipment that uses motors. They can use up to three times their running amps to
start as to run.

These are the minimum amperage requirements. Find out the total length and AWG ratings for extension cords.
The IR (voltage) drop across long cord runs can overload a generator. Use the cable size chart in the selecting
the right generator section to determine cord applications. Check extension cords for proper size; look for long
extension cord lengths, damaged insulation, exposed conductors or strained plugs.

Many times generator problems result from improper use and application rather than problems relating to
malfunction or failure of the generator itself.

An Important Word of Caution:

The generator uses a vibration system that allows the generator and engine to “float” in the roll cage. The
vibration isolation is nullified if the shipping block or cardboard under the engine is not removed when preparing
the unit for operation. Failure to remove this packing material can lead to serious damage to the entire machine!

0 – 2.9 VOLTS AC
B
FLASH FIELD

Check the voltage at each receptacle, 120V and 240V. If the voltage reading is 2.9 volts AC or less, the genera-
tor has probably lost its residual magnetism.

Applying 3 to 12 volts DC to the positive and negative brush terminals located on the brush head can restore
residual magnetism.

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

Remove the fan cover, rotor bolt and fan. Reinstall the rotor bolt and washer. Torque the rotor bolt. Do not run
the generator without the rotor bolt installed.

Disconnect the positive and negative brush leads from the brush. Place the two leads away from the rotor, so
they will not contact the rotor at start-up.

Start and run the generator. Place the negative battery terminal probe on the innermost brush terminal. Then,
place the positive battery terminal lead on the outside brush terminal. As soon as contact is made with the
positive brush terminal, the field will be flashed.

A much easier and safer way to flash the field is to use a “Field Flasher”, Homelite part number UP00457.
Simply flip the switch on the field flasher to the “ON” position and plug it into the 120-volt AC receptacle of a
running generator. This flashes the field without disassembling the fan cover, rotor bolt or fan.

C CHECK WIRING AND

RECEPTACLES

It is very important to visually inspect all

wiring and terminals inside the control
panel. Handle each wire; tug on the wire
and terminal where it attaches to the
terminal block, receptacle or board.
Suspect a wiring problem if there is
voltage at one receptacle and not another.

Check all push-on terminals in the control

panel and brush head. There must be a
100% electrical connection between the
push-on terminal and component.

Place a jumper across each outlet (gen-

erator side), and continuity test the
receptacle between each hot leg and
neutral. Also, test between each current
carrying leg and ground.
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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

D CHECK EVR

Certain components on the EVR board can fail (Q1 Transistor, build-up circuit components, etc.) causing no
output. We can remove the EVR from the circuit and then test for output.

Remove the yellow and white wires going from the EVR board (VR1) to the terminal board (TB1) at the terminal
board end. Remove the red wire at the EVR board (VR1). Tape this lead terminal with plastic tape.

Remove the small black wire on the EVR board terminal strip (position #1) and move it to the terminal strip
(position #3) where it joins the two small white leads.

Start and run the generator. With a VOM meter set on the 300 volt scale, measure the output at the 120V recep-
tacle. This is unregulated voltage and should read approximately 150-160V AC.

No voltage indicates a problem in the excitation circuit (brushes, rectifier, slip rings/rotor) or stator.

E CHECK RECTIFIER

Use a VOM meter to test the rectifier. Use the Go-No-Go method to continuity check the rectifier.

Remove the quad winding leads (blue/yellow) and the two brush leads (black/red) from the exciter rectifier. Use
the following procedure and illustration to test the rectifier.

Place a VOM on the RX1 scale or equivalent. Touch the VOM probes to any two rectifier terminals that are
adjacent to each other.

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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

If there is continuity, note the resistance reading. Now, switch the leads between the two terminals. There should be
no continuity. If there was no continuity when the meter probes were placed on the rectifier, switch the VOM probes
between the two terminals. There should now be continuity. Once again, the resistance reading should be noted.
This test should be performed on all four rectifier terminals. When completed, the test should look like this:

Terminals 1 and 2: Continuity, No Continuity

Terminals 2 and 3: Continuity, No Continuity
Terminals 3 and 4: Continuity, No Continuity
Terminals 4 and 1: Continuity, No Continuity

If the diode under test shows continuity each time the leads are switched, the diode is shorted out and the
rectifier should be replaced. If there is no continuity in either direction, the diode is open, replace the rectifier. If
one or more resistance readings are abnormally lower than the rest, replace the rectifier.

A good practice is to go around the rectifier twice to insure that all terminals are checked.
SERVICE NOTE: If diodes in the rectifier were shorted out, the rotor may have been fed AC current.
Residual magnetism will have to be re-established by flashing the field.

F CHECK BRUSHES

Generally, brushes should be replaced every 1,000 hours or when the brush length is 3/8" (10 mm) or less. If the
brushes are worn short enough, they can “bounce’ causing intermittent output. Broken brushes, brush leads, or
loose terminals can also cause the loss of magnetic field resulting in no output.

73
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

Use a VOM meter on RX1 scale to check continuity

through each brush lead and brush. Place oneVOM probe
on the positive (+) brush lead (disconnect from the rec-
tifier), and the other probe on the slip ring. Repeat this
same step for the black (-) brush lead.

There should be straight continuity. If not, disconnect

each brush lead from the brush terminals and remove
the brushes from the brush holder. Continuity test
each lead, examine brushes for breakage, and spring
tension on the brushes. Make sure the brushes slide
up and down easily in the brush holder.

G CHECK SLIP RINGS

Examine the slip rings for excessive wear and/or damage. Grooves in the slip rings are not acceptable. A
carbon path (black discoloration) on the slip rings is normal, however a severe build up of carbon may cause the
brushes to lose contact with the slip rings. Use a pot scrubber pad, or a pad such as a 3M Scotchbrite, to
clean the slip rings.
CHECK ROTOR AND STATOR
H
WITH VOM

Inspect the rotor slip ring wire connections with the field coil. Re-solder the connection(s) or replace the rotor if
continuity cannot be established.

Use a VOM with the selector switch in the RX1 Touch one slip ring with one of the VOM meter probes.
position. Place the red VOM probe on one slip ring, Place the other VOM meter probe on the rotor shaft,
and the black VOM on the other slip ring. The rotor there should be no continuity. Test each slip ring in
resistance is listed in the Rotor and Stator Resis- turn; if continuity exists with either slip ring, replace
tance Chart located in the reference section of this the rotor.
service guide.

If the resistance is lower than those specified, the

rotor has shorted turns and should be replaced.
74
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

TEST STATOR EXCITATION WINDING CONTINUITY

Remove the yellow and blue wires from the exciter

rectifier. Use a VOM on RX1 scale or lowest scale to
measure the excitation winding resistance at the
yellow and blue wires. Check the spade terminal
connection to be sure it is secure to the lead. The
excitation winding resistance is listed in the Rotor
and Stator Resistance Chart located in the reference
section of this service guide.

If the readings are not within the specified range,

replace the stator.

SERVICE NOTE: If there is no continuity in the excita-

tion winding, disconnect the yellow excitation winding at
the circuit breaker. This will bypass the circuit breaker. If
continuity now exists between the two yellow wires, use
a VOM meter to test the circuit breaker and blue wire.

With the VOM set on RX1 or lower, touch one VOM probe to a yellow or blue excitation winding lead. Touch the
other probe to the stator laminations. Test both wires in turn. If continuity exists on either wire, the stator
windings are shorted and the stator must be replaced.

TEST STATOR MAIN WINDING CONTINUITY

With VOM selected switch in the RX1 position, or lowest scale possible, measure the resistance between the
stator coil or coils. Remove the two (single voltage) or four (dual voltage) stator leads at the terminal block
(TB1) or remove the stator leads from the receptacles (see schematics in reference section). Main winding
resistance is listed in the Rotor and Stator Resistance Chart located in the reference section of this service
guide.

If the resistance reading is substantially less than specified in the chart, or if there is no continuity, replace the
stator.

Place one VOM probe on each of the stator leads in turn and the other VOM probe on the stator laminations.
There should be no continuity. If continuity exists, replace the stator.
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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

5 NO VOLTAGE UNTIL LOAD IS

APPLIED

A CHECK ENGINE RPM

NO LOAD AND FULL LOAD

Check engine speed to make sure it meets the 3,750-3,800 RPM no load and 3,600 RPM full load specification.

B CHECK POLARITY AT SLIP

RINGS AND RECTIFIER LEADS

Inspect the polarity of the brush leads at the brush holder. The red or positive lead should be attached to the brush
that is closest to the fan. The brush rides on the outer slip ring. The black brush lead should be attached to the
brush closest to the rotor. This brush rides on the inner slip ring.
Check the polarity of the brush leads at the rectifier. The red (+) lead goes on the + terminal of the rectifier. The
black (-) lead goes on the - terminal of the rectifier.
SERVICE NOTE: Care must be taken to establish proper polarity of the brush leads, as improper installation will
blow the capacitor.

C
CHECK RECTIFIER PUSH-ON
TERMINAL

Flag terminals on the brush leads (red and black) can be loose and cause a loss of field build-up in two ways:
First, the flag terminals can be loose on the rectifier terminals, resulting in an intermittent loss of electrical path.
When a load is applied, the “boost” in excitation winding output can jump a loose terminal resulting in output. The
flag terminals must be tight on the rectifier terminals.
Second, the flag terminals can be loose on the AC or brush wires and not making a 100% electrical connection.
If the terminals are loose, flow solder into the terminal/wire joint to make sure a good connection is maintained.

D CHECK ALL OTHER PUSH-ON

CONNECTIONS

Visually inspect the excitation winding terminals (blue/yellow) at the rectifier. Crimp the flag terminals if they are
loose on the rectifier terminals. A 100% electrical connection is required. Also, arcing can burn out loose flag
terminals.

E
CHECK ROTOR AND STATOR
WITH VOM

Visually inspect the rotor slip ring and rotor coil connections. A loose connection can cause output when a load
is applied.
Use a VOM meter to measure continuity in the rotor. The VOM meter uses a small electrical current to measure
continuity. If there is a bad electrical connection that is made when a load is applied, it will show as no continuity
with a VOM meter. As with the rotor, the stator wires can have a small break and only show output when a load
“boost” is applied to the stator windings. Use a VOM meter to test stator continuity; any bad electrical connections
will show as no continuity.
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 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

ENGINE NORMAL
F VOLTAGE NORMAL
AT RECEPTACLES

G REPAIR (S) COMPLETE

TEST GENERATOR AT FULL

When completing repairs on a generator, it is a must that full load be drawn. This tests generator output, engine
performance, proper voltage levels, and Hertz.

CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS

H CHECK FOR OVERLOAD

Test all tools and equipment with an ammeter to determine total amperage requirements or for worn tools or
equipment drawing excessive current.

If an ammeter is not available, get the nameplate amperage draw (running) for each tool and piece of equip-
ment.

A general rule of establishing starting load current is:

Running amperage x 1 = for a purely resistive circuit (light bulbs, heaters). Starting up or operating amperage is
the same.

Running amperage x 2 = tools with universal type AC/DC motors. Requires up to two times their free running
amps as when they are operating under load.

Running amperage x 3 = equipment that uses motors. They can use up to three times their running amps to
start as to run.

These are the minimum amperage requirements. Find out the total length and AWG ratings for extension cords.
The IR (voltage) drop across long cord runs can overload a generator. Use the cable size chart in the reference
section to determine cord applications.

I CHECK CIRCUIT BREAKER

Generally, the circuit breaker will only trip if amperage across the circuit breaker exceeds 2.5A. This can be a result
of a short circuit in the excitation windings or shorted diode in the rectifier, or an excessive overload to the
generator. If the generator has normal output and the unit is not overloaded, the circuit breaker must be tested.

Disassemble the control panel to gain access to the circuit breaker. Start and run the generator, apply rated
load, then place an ammeter probe around the blue or yellow lead that is connected to the circuit breaker. At
rated load, the circuit breaker should not trip below 2.5 amps. If it trips, replace the circuit breaker.

77
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

6 LOW VOLTAGE AT NO LOAD

CHECK ENGINE RPM

A
3750 – 3800 RPM NO LOAD

B CHECK EVR

The electronic voltage regulator has several components (capacitor, transistors, and diodes) that can fail,
producing low voltage in the output.

Use the Troubleshooting Information in Section 4D to test the EVR.

CHECK BRUSHES, SLIP

C
RINGS, WIRING

The brushes eventually wear out (after approximately 1,000 hours) causing the brushes to ‘bounce’ and lose
contact with the slip rings. Use Section 4F information to test the brushes.

Damaged slip rings (grooves, carbon build-up) can provide a loss of electrical contact, resulting in low voltage.
Examine the slip rings and clean, if required. See Section 4F for more details.

Partial contact between wires, connectors, terminals and receptacles can cause low or intermittent output. Use
Section 4C for more information.

D CHECK RECTIFIER

An open diode in the exciter rectifier can cause a loss of approximately one-half of the normal voltage. Use the
‘Go-No-Go” method as outlined in Section 4E to test the rectifier.

E CHECK ROTOR WITH VOM

A layer short within the rotor coils can reduce AC output by reducing the strength of the magnetic field.
Use the test instructions in Section 4H to troubleshoot the rotor.

F CHECK STATOR WITH VOM

Remove the blue (T1), Brown (T2), White (T3) and Black (T4) stator leads from the terminal board. Also, remove the
two excitation winding leads (yellow) from the circuit breaker and rectifier.

Use a VOM meter to test the stator windings. A layer short in the stator can reduce AC output, although in most
cases, there will be no output. Test the stator as in Sections 4H and 5E.
78
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

Engine speed should always be checked under full load conditions. Apply the rated load. Engine RPM should be
3,600. If engine speed drops below 3,550, the problem is low engine power. If engine speed remains constant,
but voltage drops, there is a problem in the excitation circuit.

B CHECK TOOL WIRING AND

AMPERAGE

Examine all tools and/or equipment drawing amperage from the generator. Faulty cord sets or worn tools can
cause short circuits and heavy amperage draw, Use an ammeter to test the current draw of the tools and/or
equipment.

C CHECK FOR OVERLOADED

GENERATOR

Check the nameplate ratings of tools or equipment being used with the generator. The nameplate amperage
rating indicates running amperage draw only. Use the following rough estimate to determine starting amperage
for various tools and equipment.

Multiply x 1 - if the generator is operating heating or lighting equipment, Example: 10-100 watt light bulbs draw a
constant 8.3 amps (10 x 100/120 = 8.3 amps).

Multiply x 2 - if a hand tool is being used, They typically use twice their rated amperage under full load as they
do under no load conditions. Example: a hand drill that requires 7 amps no load may require up to 14 amps at
full load use.

Multiply x 3 - if an electric motor is used to operate a piece of equipment, They require up to three times their
rated amperage to start. Example: a 1 HP capacitor start motor typically requires approximately 9 amps to run,
27 amps to start.

Generator watts required = amps x volts x 1, 2 or 3. This is a good minimum estimate of equipment or tool
amperage draw. Remember that the total amperage draw must not exceed the amperage rating of the 120 or 240
volt receptacles.

Large generator loads should always be started first, followed by the next largest load. The smallest loads
should be started last.

D CHECK EVR

The electronic voltage regulator controls the strength of the magnetic field produced by the rotor. Component
failure on the EVR board can cause loss of voltage as a load is applied. Follow the test procedures as outlined
in Section 4D.
79
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

E CHECK RECTIFIER

A diode within the exciter rectifier can break down under load causing low output. Use Section 4E for testing
the rectifier.

8 HIGH VOLTAGE AT NO LOAD

A HIGH ENGINE RPM

Engine RPM must be 3,750-3,800 RPM No-Load, Use a good quality tachometer (Homelite Part Number 18416)
to test the no load speed.

Low engine RPM will result in low voltage under load. This can damage the generator. Tools and equipment
drawing amperage off the generator may also be damaged.

B CHECK EVR

If the EVR is faulty, it can cause unregulated voltage of 150-160V at the 120V receptacle and 300+ volts AC at
the 240V receptacle. Replace the board if the wiring is OK.

C CHECK EVR WIRING

The yellow and white wires going from the EVR terminal strip to the terminal board (TB1) are part of the sensing
circuit. If the terminals are loose or the wires are broken, unregulated voltage will go to the receptacles (see the
wiring schematic for details).

9 NO DC OUTPUT

CHECK RECTIFIER AND

A
WIRING

DC output is dependent on rectified AC from the battery charge winding to the 12V DC terminal posts. The DC
rectifier is the same component that is used in the excitation circuit. See Section 4E for test instructions.
Examine the rectifier wires. Check each push-on terminal for tightness. Look for possible chafing and/or shorted
wires from interference with the fan.

CHECK RESISTANCE OF
B
BATTERY CHARGE WINDING

Remove the fan cover, rotor bolt/washer and fan, Use a pair of needle nose pliers to disconnect the two black
wires from the DC charging rectifier. With a VOM meter set on R X l or lowest scale, measure resistance
between the two black wires. Battery charge winding resistance is listed in the Rotor and Stator Resistance
Chart located in the reference section of this service guide.

80
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

Replace the stator if the readings are substantially below those specified or there is no continuity. Place one
VOM meter probe on either black battery charge winding lead. Place the other VOM probe to a suitable ground
(stator laminations, brush head, etc.). There should be no continuity. Check the spade terminal connection to be
sure it is secure to the lead.

3 ENGINE APPEARSTO BE UNDER LOAD

STOP ENGINE

DISCONNECT EXCITATIONWINDING AND BATTERY

A CHARGEWINDING,WHERE APPLICABLE, FROM
THE RECTIFIER.

ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY

B1
CHECK AC AND/OR DC RECTIFIER

Use the “Go-No-Go’ method with a VOM meter as outlined in Section 4E. Both AC and DC rectifiers are the
same parts and testing is identical.

ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY

C1
WITH NEW RECTIFIER AC OR DC

D1 REPAIR COMPLETE

ENGINE STILL APPEARS TO

E1
BE UNDER LOAD

F1 SHORT IN STATOR OR WIRING

G1 DISCONNECT STATOR WIRES

START ENGINE

Disconnect all stator winding wires (main, excitation, and battery charge) from the panel and brush heads. Tape
each wire carefully and route any wires away from rotating parts (rotor, fan, etc.).

ENGINE RUNS NORMALLY

H1
CHECK FOR SHORT BEYOND STATOR

Examine all wiring in the panel against the electrical schematic for your generator. Test each stator winding for a
short to ground. See Sections 4H and 5E for details.

81
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

STATOR STILL UNDER LOAD
I1
REPLACE STATOR

ENGINE STILL APPEARS TO

B2 BE UNDER LOAD
MECHANICAL PROBLEM

CHECK FOR ROTOR RUBBING

C2
STATOR

Remove the fan cover, rotor bolt/washer and fan. Pull on the stator rope. Look into the generator end. The rotor
travel should be concentric. Any wobbling will cause the rotor to rub the stator as there is only .020" (0,5 mm)
clearance between the two components.

Causes of misalignment are end bell misalignment (bolt holes mis-drilled), incorrect manufacturing of the stator,
brush head misalignment or bearing failure.

CHECK BEARING IN BRUSH

D2
HEAD

Listen for abnormal mechanical noises when running the unit or pulling the engine over by hand. The rotor shaft
may be bad, causing the rotor to rub the stator. Examine the bearing for signs of burning or bluing. It may be
necessary to remove the brush head in order to thoroughly inspect the bearings.

E2 CHECK ENGINE

Low power from the engine is made apparent by fully loading the generator. If voltage is normal but engine
speed drops below 3,550 RPM, then the engine needs servicing. Severe engine damage may cause hard
starting, poor idling, and the appearance of being under a slight load.

IDLE CONTROL: SET THE SWITCH TO

10
THE AUTO POSITION

GENERATOR STAYS AT IDLE

11
WHEN LOAD IS APPLIED

A DEFECTIVE CONTROL BOARD - REPLACE

82
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

If the generator remains at idle when a load is applied (50-watt minimum), the control board must be replaced as
certain components on the board have failed.

GENERATOR RUNS WIDE OPEN

12
WILL NOT IDLE

A CHECK FUSE WITH VOM

Inspect the fuse to see if it is blown. If you are not sure, use a VOM meter on RX1 scale to test fuse continuity.
If the fuse is blown, carefully inspect the electromagnet lead wires (yellow and red) for shorts to ground or each
other. Replace the fuse with Homelite Part Number 49318 or 1/2 amp fuse only. Higher rated fuses will not
protect the control board from possible damage.

B
CONTINUITY TEST “AUTO-START”
SWITCH WITH VOM

83
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

Remove the two leads attached to the “Auto-Start” switch. Note which two switch terminals were occupied by
the two yellow switch leads.

With a VOM meter on RX1 scale, place the VOM probes on each of the two switch terminals. There should be
continuity in the “AUTO” position only.

ELECTROMAGNET TOO FAR

C
FROM PADDLE

The electromagnet is attached to a bracket and can slide in and out of the bracket for adjustments to the
distance between the electromagnet and the paddle on the throttle arm. With the idle speed set at 2,640 RPM
(minimum), adjust the electromagnet towards the paddle until the electromagnet will hold the paddle at idle.

FAULTY ELECTROMAGNET OR
D
ELECTROMAGNET WIRES

84
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

Remove the two electromagnet wires (yellow and red) from the idle control boards. With the VOM meter set on R X
l ohm scale, place a VOM probe on each electromagnet wire. The resistance rating should be 240-260 ohms.
Remove one VOM probe and place it on the electromagnet casing. Test each wire in turn, There should be no
continuity. Note: Electromagnet resistance on the 178VI52 is 150-160 ohms,

If the resistance figure you obtained is abnormally low, replace the electromagnet. Continuity between any electro-
magnet lead and the electromagnet casing constitutes a short to ground. Replace the electromagnet.

Inspect both red and yellow electromagnet leads for loss of insulation, chafing, or shorts to ground.

E CONTROL BOX WIRING

Inspect the yellow wire between the idle control board and the “auto-start” switch. Look for broken connections,
chafing, rubbing, etc. Also examine the yellow wire from the switch to the terminal board (TB1), and the white wire
from the idle control board to the terminal board (TB1). Poor or no connections at these points will render the idle
control system inoperative.

DEFECTIVE IDLE CONTROL

F
BOARD

Certain components on the idle control boards can fail, causing the idle control to quit working. Make sure all
other tests have been completed prior to board replacement.

GENERATOR IDLES WITH MAX. POWER

13
SWITCH IN 240V POSITION ONLY

A 120 AC LEAD ROUTED INCORRECTLY

THROUGH TRANSFORMER

One of the two primary wires (#1 or #4) has been routed through the transformer from the wrong direction. To
correct this problem, remove either #1 or #4 lead from the terminal board (TB1) or receptacle. Pull the wire out
of the transformer bobbin and route it back through the transformer from the opposite direction. Use a cable tie
to secure the wire to the transformer.

85
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

GENERATOR CYCLES FROM IDLE
14
TO FULL SPEED CONTINUOUSLY

A ENGINE IDLE SPEED TOO LOW

SHOULD BE 2640 RPM MINIMUM

If the engine idle speed is too low, voltage to the idle control board and electromagnet is insufficient to hold the
paddle. The engine will hunt, as the paddle is alternately held, then released. Adjust idle speed to 2,650 RPM
minimum. Do not exceed 2,800 RPM. Note: 178VI52 idle speeds are 2,200-2,400 RPM.

B PADDLE ON THE THROTTLE ARM BENT, NOT

PARALLEL WITH FACE OF ELECTROMAGNET

Pull the electromagnet paddle (throttle arm) up to the electromagnet. It should be parallel to the face of the
electromagnet. If it is not parallel, the engine will hunt from full speed to idle and back to full speed. This will
occur even though the electromagnet is properly adjusted. Bend the paddle until it is parallel to the face of the
electromagnet.

ELECTROMAGNET TOO FAR

C
FROM PADDLE

The electromagnet must be positioned close enough to the paddle (throttle arm) to insure proper speed at idle
(2,650-2,800) (2,200-2,400 = 178VI52).

86
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

MAXIMUM (FULL) POWER SWITCH
The maximum (max) or full power switch is used on certain models of our contractor series generators. The
maximum power switch in the 120V position parallels the two 120V stator windings. This, in effect, doubles the
amperage available at the 120V duplex and twist lock receptacles. So, in the 120V position, the generator is
wired as a single voltage generator. No output is available at the 240V receptacle, so the load does not have to
be split.

With the maximum power switch in the 120/240V position, the two 120V windings are now hooked in series. It is
now possible to draw both 120 and 240 volts at the same time. However, the load must be split between the 120
and 240 volt receptacles in order to pull rated load.

The above illustration shows a conventional 120/240V generator. If it is rated at 3,000 watts, each 120V winding
has a 1,500 watt maximum capacity, and each winding is carrying one half the load. It would not be possible to
use a 120V 2,500 watt load because it would overload either of the stator windings and cause excessive heat
build-up in the generator.

In the first illustration, the conventionally wired generator could not handle a 2,500 watt load because output was
split between the two windings. With the maximum power switch in the 120V AC position, this load is easily
handled by a 30 amp twist lock receptacle.

87
 GENERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTRACTOR SERIES (continued)

In the 120V/240V mode, the windings are switched to a series connection so that 240V is available. This means
that maximum power can only be drawn by splitting the load between the 120V and 240V receptacles. For
example: If 2,000 watts is being drawn off the 240V receptacle, 1,000 watts must be drawn off the 120V side to
achieve maximum power.

MAXIMUM POWER SWITCH PARALLELS 120V WINDINGS

TESTING THE MAXIMUM (FULL) POWER SWITCH

With the maximum (full) power switch in the 120V AC only position, continuity (VOM meter = RX1) should exist
between the center terminals (Brown, Blue), and each adjacent 120V terminal:

Brown - Black = Continuity Blue - White = Continuity

There should be no reading between the Black and White or Brown and Blue terminals. If there is, replace the
switch.

With the maximum power switch in the 120/240 position, there should be continuity between the center terminals
(Brown, Blue), and each adjacent 240V terminal:

Brown - White = Continuity Blue - Red -- Continuity

There should be no continuity between the Red and White or Blue and Red terminals. If there is, replace the
switch.

88
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

ELECTRICAL SCHEMATICS
EH2500, HL2500 & LR 2500

LR 4300, LR4400, LR5500, LR5550 & LR5000T

89
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

LRI 2500 & LRX3000

LRI4400, LRI5500, LRX4500 & LRX5600

90
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

EH4400, EH5500, HL4400 & HL5500

CONTRACTOR GENERATOR

91
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

UT NUMBER/MODEL
UT NUMBER MODEL UT NUMBER MODEL UT NUMBER MODEL UT NUMBER MODEL

UT03620 176B40 UT03702-A EH5500HD UT03760 EH4000HD UT03787-A LRI4400

UT03621 178B48 UT03702-R EH5500HD UT03761 HRL4000HD UT03787-B LRI4400
UT03622 180B62 UT03703 HLE4400 UT03762 178HI48 UT03787-R LRI4400
UT03623 HG3500 UT03703-A HLE4400 UT03762-A CG4800 UT03788 LRI4400/CSA
UT03623-A HG3500-A UT03703-B HLE4400 UT03762-B CG4800 UT03788-A LRI4400/CSA
UT03624 176R42 UT03703-C HLE4400 UT03762-C CG4800 UT03789 LRIE4400
UT03625 180R62 UT03703-R HLE4400 UT03763 180HI63 UT03789-A LRIE4400
UT03626 172B26 UT03704 HLE5500 UT03763-A CG6300 UT03789-B LRIE4400
UT03627 172R24 UT03705 EHE4400HD UT03763-B CG6300 UT03790 LRIE4400/CSA
UT03628 HG2500 UT03705-A EHE4400HD UT03763-C CG6300 UT03790-A LRIE4400/CSA
UT03628-A HG2500-A UT03705-R EHE4400HD UT03764 180HIE63 UT03791 LRI5500
UT03629 176BI40 UT03706 EHE5500HD UT03764-A CGE6300 UT03791-A LRI5500
UT03629-A 176BI40 UT03706-A EHE5500HD UT03764-B CGE6300 UT03792 LRI5500/CSA
UT03629-B 176BI40 UT03706-R EHE5500HD UT03764-C CGE6300 UT03793 LR2500/CSA
UT03629-C 176BI40 UT03707 EH2500HD/CSA UT03765 EH4400LT UT03794 CG5200
UT03630 178BI48 UT03707-A EH2500HD/CSA UT03766 HL2500HD UT03795 HL2500
UT03630-A 178BI48-A UT03707-B EH2500HD/CSA UT03767 HL4400HD UT03796 HL4400
UT03631 176RI42 UT03708 EH4400HD/CSA UT03768 HLE4400HD UT03797 HLE4400
UT03631-A 176RI42 UT03709 EH5500HD/CSA UT03769 HRL4400HD UT03798 LR2500
UT03632 180RI62 UT03709-A EH5500HD/CSA UT03771 HRL4400 UT03799 LRI2500
UT03632-A 180RI62 UT03710 HL2500/CSA UT03773 LR2500 UT03800 LR4400
UT03633 170B16 UT03711 HL4400/CSA UT03773-A LR2500 UT03801 LRE4400
UT03634 170R18 UT03712 HL5500/CSA UT03773-R LR2500 UT03802 LR5500
UT03635 HG1500 UT03713 EHE4400HD/CSA UT03774 LR5500 UT03803 LRE5500
UT03636 HG2100 UT03714 EHE5500HD/CSA UT03774-A LR5500 UT03804 LRI4400
UT03639 HGE3500 UT03714-A EHE5500HD/CSA UT03774-R LR5500 UT03804-A LRI4400
UT03643 180RIE62 UT03715 HLE4400/CSA UT03775 LRE5500 UT03805 LRIE4400
UT03645 EH4000CSA UT03716 HLE5500/CSA UT03775-A LRE5500 UT03805-A LRIE4400
UT03647 EHE4000CSA UT03751 HRL44HD UT03776 HRL5500 UT03806 LRI5500
UT03696 EH1500 UT03752 HL4400HD UT03777 LRI2500 UT03807 LRIE5500
UT03697 HL2500 UT03752-A HL4400HD UT03777-A LRI2500 UT03808 250G
UT03697-A HL2500 UT03753 HLE4400HD UT03777-R LRI2500 UT03809 440G
UT03697-B HL2500 UT03753-A HLE4400HD UT03778 LRIE5500 UT03809-1 440G
UT03697-C HL2500 UT03754 EH4000HD/CSA UT03778-A LRIE5500 UT03809-A 440G
UT03698 HL4400 UT03754-A EH4000HD/CSA UT03778-R LRIE5500 UT03810 550G
UT03698-A HL4400 UT03755 EHE4000HD/CSA UT03779 LRIE5500/CSA UT03819 LRX3000
UT03698-B HL4400 UT03755-A EHE4000HD/CSA UT03780 LRI2500/CSA UT03820 LRX4500
UT03698-R HL4400 UT03756 EHRL4400HD UT03781 LR4400 UT03821 LRXE4500
UT03699 HL5500 UT03756-A EHRL4400HD UT03781-A LR4400 UT03822 LRX5600
UT03700 EH5500HD UT03756-R EHRL4400HD UT03782 LR4400/CSA UT03829 LR5000T
UT03700-A EH5500HD UT03757 HRL4400HD/CSA UT03783 LRE4400 UT03833 LR5550
UT03700-R EH5500HD UT03757-A HRL4400HD/CSA UT03783-A LRE4400 UT03834 LRE5550
UT03701 EH4400HD UT03757-R HRL4400HD/CSA UT03784 LRE4400/CSA UT03836 CG4400
UT03701-A EH4400HD UT03758 178VI52 UT03785 LR5500/CSA UT03837 CG5800
UT03701-R EH4400HD UT03758-R 178VI52 UT03786 LRE5500/CSA UT03838 CGE5800
UT03702 EH5500HD UT03759 EH1800HD UT03787 LRI4400

92
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

GENERATOR ROTOR AND STATOR RESISTANCE VALUES

MODEL # UNIT # ROTOR # STATOR # ROTOR MAIN Ω EXCITATION Ω DC Ω
170A15-1A 03615 A53784S A42917BS 30.5 .510 .240
170R18 03634 A49653S A49638AS 29.0 T1.T2=.82 2.20 .100
172A20-1A&B 03585 A42215S A43993AS 34.2 0.315
172R24 & B26 03626 & 7 A49475S A49476AS 32.0 T1,T2=.53 1.80
174A27-1A&B 03597 A53785S A42605AS 29.5 .56 X 2
176A35-1A,B,C 03598 A53786S A42606A 33.0 .31 X 2
176B40 03620 A49089S A49128S 37.4 T1,T2= .67 T3,T4 = .67 1.49
176BI40 03629-A A49089S A49128S 37.4 T1,T2= .67 T3,T4 = .67 1.49
176R42 03624 A49095S A49330S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
176RI42 03631-A A49095S A49330S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
177D38-1 03581 A53787S A42608-1 30.0 .352 X 2
178A50-1A 03560 A53787S A42608 30.0 .352 X 2
178A50-1B 03599 A53787S A47345AS 30.0 .352 X 2
178B48 03621 A49095S A49124S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
178BI48, HI48 03630A, 03762 A49095S A49124S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
178VI52 03758 A49095S A49124S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
180A75-1 03538 A42724S A42728AS 22.8 .25 X 2
180A75-1A&1B 03600 A42724S A42728AS 22.8 .25 X 2
180R62 03625 A49094S A49331S 50.0 T1,T2=.225 T3,T4=.225 1.10
180RI62, HI63 03632A, 03763 A49094S A49331S 50.0 T1,T2=.225 T3,T4=.225 1.10
180RIE62,HIE63 03643, 03764 A49094S A49331S 50.0 T1,T2=.225 T3,T4=.225 1.10
9A34-3 03320 A53789 A51134 33.0 31 X 2
9A34-3A 03323 A53789 A51134 33.0 31 X 2
E1350-1 03575 A53781S A43985BS 46.5 .56 3.50
E1700-1 03614 A53781S A46644AS 46.5 .50 4.50
E2250-1 03576-A A53782S A43990BS 52.6 .56
E3000-1 03595 A46142S A46144AS 64.2 .80 X 2 1.60
E3000-1A 03595 A46142S A47615AS 64.2 .326 X 2 1.63
E4000-1 03596 A43427S A43438A 76.0 .206 X 2 1.63
E4000-1A 03596 A43427S A47773AS 76.0 .206 X 2 1.61
EH2500 03644 01209-03 01209-01 23.0 .60 7.20
EH2500HD 03686 01209-03 01209-01 23.0 .60 7.20
EH2500HD 03700 A02800AS A02797AS 46.7 .389 1.18
EH4400 03638 00782-04 00782-02 51.0 .71 1.20
EH4400HD 03687 00782-04 00782-02 51.0 .71 1.20
EH4400HD 03701 A02799AS A02796AS 67.0 .278 0.999
EH5500HD 03689 00782-43 01209-39 56.0 .47 1.10
EH5500HD 03702 A02798AS A02795AS 76.0 .208 0.973
EHE4400 03637 00782-04 00782-02 51.0 .71 1.20
EHE4400HD 03688 00782-04 00782-02 51.0 .71 1.20
EHE4400HD 03705 A02799AS A02796AS 67.0 .278 0.999
EH5500HD 03690 00782-43 01209-39 56.0 .47 1.10
EH5500HD 03706 A02798AS A02795AS 76.0 .208 X 2 0.973
EHRL4400HD 03756 A02799AS A02796AS 67 0.278 0.888
G11800-1 03567 A47224S A47226S 15.8 .0694 X 2
G12000-2 03572 A47224S A47274 15.8 .0694 X 2
G3600-1 03578 A47077S A47081S 52.3 .25 X 2
G3600-2 03562 A47077S A04781S 52.3 .25 X 2
G4800-1 03563 A47076S A47082S 35.5 T1,T2=.069 T3,T4=.069

93
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

GENERATOR ROTOR AND STATOR RESISTANCE VALUES

MODEL # UNIT # ROTOR # STATOR # ROTOR MAIN Ω EXCITATION Ω DC Ω
G4800-2 03564 A47076S A47082S 35.5 T1,T2=.069 T3,T4=.069
G7200-1 03565 A47078S A47083S 29.1 .153 X 2
G7200-2 03566 A47078S A46061 29.1 .153 X 2
GD12000-1 03571 A47224S A47226S 15.8 .0694 X 2
GD12300-2 03572 A47224S A47274 15.8 .0694 X 2
GD7200-1 03569 A47078S A47083S 29.1 .153 X 2
GD7400-2 03570 A47078S A46061 29.1 .153 X 2
HG1400 04007 49027-51 49027-48 4.29 .69 2.61 .247
HG1500 03635 A49653S A49638AS 29.0 T1,T2=.82 2.20 .100
HG2000 04018 A49030-75 49030-74 4.25 .47 1.80 .130
HG2100 03636 A49653S A49638AS 29.0 T1,T2,=.82 2.20 .100
HG2500 03628 A49475S A49476AS 32.0 T1,T2=.53 1.80 .160
HG2500A 03628-A A49475S A49793S 32.0 T1,T2=.53 1.80 .160
HG3500 03623 A49099S A49127AS 33.5 T1,T2=.75 T3,T4=.75 1.33 .140
HG600 04005 49024-29 49024-28 13.9 2.1 4.00 .800
HGE3500 03639 A49099S A49127AS 33.5 T1,T2=.75 T3,T4=.75 1.33 .140
HL2500 03681 01209-03 01209-01 23.0 .60 7.20
HL2500 03697, & A A02428AS A02431AS 43.8 .458 1.09
HL4400 03698 & A A02429AS A02432AS 61.1 .313 X 2 0.888
HL5500 03699 A02430AS A02433S 71.8 .228 X 2 0.843
HLE4400 03703 & B A02429AS A02432AS 61.1 .313 X 2 0.888
HLE5500 03704 A02430AS A02433S 71.8 .228 X 2 0.843
HRL4400HD 03751 A02799AS A02796AS 67.0 .278 X 2 0.999
HSB50-1 03593 A53787S A42608-1 30.0 .325 X 2
LR2500 03773 A02800AS A02797AS 46.7 0.389 1.18
LRI2500 03777 A02800AS A06772S 46.7 0.4768 1.6643
LR4400 03781 A02799AS A02796AS 67 0.278 0.999
LRE4400 03783 A02799AS A02796AS 67 0.278 0.999
LRI4400 03787 A02799AS A06771S 67 0.3718 1.4274
LR5500 03774 A02798AS A02795AS 76 0.208 0.973
LRI5500 03791 A02798AS A06770S 76 0.2981 1.389
LRE5500 03775 A02798AS A02795AS 76 0.208 0.973
LRIE4400 03789 A02799AS A06771S 67 0.3718 1.4274
LRIE5500 03778 A02798AS A06770S 76 0.2981 1.389
CG4800 03762 A49330S A49095S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
CG5200 03794 A49330S A49095S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
CG6300 03763 A49331S A49094S 50 T1,T2=.225 T3,T4=.225 1.10
CGE6300 03764 A49331S A49094S 50 T1,T2=.225 T3,T4=.225 1.10
CG4400 03762 A49330S A49095S 42.5 T1,T2=.358 T3,T4=.358 1.18
CG5800 03763 A49331S A49094S 50 T1,T2=.225 T3,T4=.225 1.10
CGE5800 03764 A49331S A49094S 50 T1,T2=.225 T3,T4=.225 1.10
LR4300 03828 A02799AS A02796AS 67 0.278 0.999
LR5000T 03829 A02798AS A02795AS 76 0.208 0.973
LR5550 03834 A02798AS A02795AS 76 0.208 0.973
LRX3000 03819 A02800AS A00772S 40.7 0.4708 1.004
LRX4500 03820 A02799AS A06771S 67 0.3718 1.4274
LRXE4500 03821 A02799AS A06771S 67 0.3718 1.4274
LRX5600 03822 A02798AS A06770S 76 0.2981 1.389
LRXE5600 03823 A02798AS A06770S 76 0.2981 1.389

94
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

GENERATOR PLUGS AND RECEPTACLES

SIZE / PART NUMBER RECEPTACLE PLUG CONFIGURATION

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 120V 15AMP 120V 15AMP

NEMA STANDARD 5-15R 5-15P
HOMELITE P/N 50991A PURCHASE LOCALLY

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 120V 20AMP 120V 20AMP

NEMA STANDARD 5-20R 5-20P
HOMELITE P/N UP03110 PURCHASE LOCALLY

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 120V 20AMP 120V 20AMP

NEMA STANDARD 5-20R 5-20P
HOMELITE P/N 51373 PURCHASE LOCALLY

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 120V 20AMP 120V 20AMP

TWIST LOCK TWIST LOCK
NEMA STANDARD L5-20R L5-20P
HOMELITE P/N 48978 49676

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 120V 30AMP 120V 30AMP

TWIST LOCK TWIST LOCK
NEMA STANDARD L5-30R L5-30P
HOMELITE P/N 42601 43326

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 240V 20AMP 240V 20AMP

NEMA STANDARD 6-20R 6-20P
HOMELITE P/N 02863 49709

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 240V 20AMP 240V 20AMP

TWIST LOCK TWIST LOCK
NEMA STANDARD L14-20R L14-20P
HOMELITE P/N 46508 47600

VOLTAGE/AMPERAGE 240V 30AMP 240V 30AMP

TWIST LOCK TWIST LOCK
NEMA STANDARD L14-30R L14-30P
HOMELITE P/N 46718 47601

95
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

GENERATOR DOLLY KITS GENERATOR SOUND LEVELS

Part No. Fits Models Fits UT #’s Model Decibel Rating dB(A)*
A-07422 HL2500 03697, 03697-A CONTRACTOR GENERATORS
& 03697-B 178HI48 76
HL2500/CARB 03795
HG2200-50 03811 CG4400 76
EH2500HD/CSA 103707, 03707-A CG4800 76
& 03707-B 180HI63 76
EH4000HD/CSA 03754 & 03754-A
HL4400 03698 & 03698-A 180HIE63 73
HL4400/CARB 03796 CG5800 73
HLE4400 03703, 03703-A CGE5800 73
& 03703-B
CG6300 73
HLE4400/CARB 03797
A-07423 LR2500 03773 & 03773-A CGE6300 73
LR2500/CARB 03798 190HHY50 73
LR2500/CSA 03793 CHY50 73
LRI2500 03777 & 03777-A
LRI2500/CARB 03799
LRI2500/CSA 03780 HL SERIES
250G (DEERE) 03808 HL2500 72
A-07424 HG3800-50 03812
HL4400 81
LR4400 03781 & 03781-A
LR4400/CARB 03800 HLE4400 81
LR4400/CSA 03782
LRE4400 03783 & 03783-A
LR SERIES
LRE4400/CARB 03801
LRE4400/CSA 03784 LR2500 70
LR5500 03774 & 03774-A LR4400 75
LR5500/CARB 03802 LRE4400 75
LR5500/CSA 03785
LRE5500 03775 & 03775-A LR5500 74
LRE5500/CARB 03803 LRE5500 74
LRE5500/CSA 03786 LR4300 68
LRI4400 03787 & 03787-A
LR5000T 83
LRI4400/CARB 03804
LRI4400/CSA 03788 LR5550 76
440G (DEERE) 03809 & 03809-1
LRIE4400 03789 & 03789-A LRI SERIES
LRIE4400/CARB 03805
LRIE4400/CSA 03790 LRI2500 71
LRI5500 03791 & 03791-A LRI4400 76
LRI5500/CARB 03806 LRIE4400 76
LRI5500/CSA 03792
LRIE5500 03778 & 03778-A LRI5500 75
LRIE5500/CARB 03807 LRIE5500 75
LRIE5500/CSA 03779
550GE (DEERE) 03810 & 03810-1
LRX SERIES
A-07425 CG4800(CG4400) 03762-A
CG5200 03794 LRX3000 69
CG6300(CG5800) 03763-A LRX4500 72
CGE6300 03764-A LRXE4500 72
CHY5000 03772-A
UP05224 ALL OF THE ABOVE UNITS PLUS LRX5600 74
LR4300 03828 LRXE5600 74
LR5550 03834
LR5000T 03829
ALL LRX SERIES 03819,03820,03821, *At 50' feet
03822,03823
96
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

USING A VOLT-OHM-MILLIAMP METER

Standardized components frequently encountered in With the switch set at 500, the lower scale is read by
electrical equipment are capacitors, resistors, and adding two zeros. For example, 0500 volts.
diodes, all of which can be tested on a multimeter.
Direct current voltage can be read in the same way by
Using a VOM Meter placing the switch in one of the DCV positions.

The clip leads of a multimeter are plugged into the

terminals marked COM and VOM. The markings on the
range switch refer to full-scale readings.

Measuring Resistance

Place the selector in the “ohm” X1 position. The top

scale is read directly: 0-500 omhs. If more sensitivity
is desired, the X100 setting can be used, adding two
zeros on to each reading: 0-50,000 ohms.

If the 1 K setting is used, add three zeros to each

reading: 5,000-500,000 ohms.

Before using the meter on any of the ohms scale,

touch the leads together and adjust the meter to zero
ohms.

Some Rules

1 . When the meter is in one of the ohms scales,

never connect the leads across a battery or any
other live circuit.

2. Always reset the zero adjustment on each scale.

MeasuringVoltage
Some Rules
The voltage markings on the range switch refer to the
full-scale reading. 1 . If you are not sure of the voltage, always use the
highest scale and switch down if necessary for a
With the range switch set at 5VAC, the lower voltage reading.
scale is read. A reading of 5 would indicate 5 volts. If
the switch is set at 100 VAC, the middle voltage is 2. Always use great care when measuring voltage.
read and one zero added. For example, a reading of 10 Avoid touching the metal part of the clip leads or
would be 100 volts. any part of the circuit.

97
 REFERENCE INFORMATION

MEASURING RESISTANCE

Read top scale,

multiplied by scale section

Touch leads together and adjust meter

for ‘0” ohms before using

S
OHM

RX1K
RX100
RX10
RX1

MEASURING VOLTAGE

S
OHM

RX1K
RX100
RX10
RX1

98
NOTES

99
WORLDWIDE COMMERCIAL & CONSUMER EQUIPMENT DIVISION
Consumer Products, P.O. Box 7047 Charlotte, N.C. 28241-7047
03/15/2000