Belt Conveyors: Mechanical Engineering Department Carlos III University
Belt Conveyors: Mechanical Engineering Department Carlos III University
BELT CONVEYORS
TRANSPORTATION
BELT CONVEYORS II
INTRODUCTION
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BELT CONVEYORS II
COMPONENTS
Free/return run
BELT CONVEYORS II
BELT
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BELT CONVEYORS II
BELT
A 2500 550
B 2000 500
C 1050 350
BELT CONVEYORS II
BELT
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BELT CONVEYORS II
BELT
BELT CONVEYORS II
PULLEYS
Driving pulley
Entrusted of transmiting movement by
means of the motor-speed reducer.
• Guarantee maximum
adherence ⇒ Low slip.
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TENSION
BELT CONVEYORS II
TENSION
Roll angle
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TENSION
T1 = T2 + Fu
e µ ⋅ϕ
T1 = ⋅ Fu = CTS ⋅ Fu
T1 − T2 T1 − T2 Fu e µ ⋅ϕ − 1
= e µ ⋅ϕ − 1 = = e µ ⋅ϕ − 1
T2 T2 T2
1
T2 = µ ⋅ϕ
⋅ Fu = CT 1 ⋅ Fu
(e − 1)
BELT CONVEYORS II
PULLEYS
Pulley diameter
Minimum driving Action force (kg)
pulley diameter
360 ⋅ F
proposed for fabric
Dmin =
belts (m)
p ⋅π ⋅ϕ ⋅ B Belt width (m)
200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1.000 1.250 1.400 1.600 1.800 2.000
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BELT CONVEYORS II
M T (kg ) = M B + M R + M B
Belt weight Pulley weight
(kg): (kg):
Idler roller
weight (kg):
MT
PT =
L
Belt length (m)
BELT CONVEYORS II
450 23 25 33
600 29 36 45 49
750 37 46 57 63
900 45 55 70 79
1050 52 64 82 94
1200 63 71 95 110
1350 70 82 107 127
1500 91 121 143
1650 100 132 160
1800 144 178
2100 168 205
2200 177 219
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BELT CONVEYORS II
Belt capacity
(t/h)
Q Q
qG = = 0, 278 ⋅ [kg/m]
3, 6 ⋅ v v
BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
• Classification (UNE 58-204-92):
1. Principal resistances, FH
2. Secondary resistances, FN
3. Special principal resistances, FS1
4. Special secondary resistances, FS2
5. Resistances due to inclination, FSt
Fu = FH + FN + FS 1 + FS 2 + FSt
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BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
Principal resistance
•Turning resistance due to the load idlers rollers, due to friction in the
bearings and joints in rollers.
•Belt friction resistance due to the rolling of the belt over the idlers rollers.
Return rollers weight per unit length Angle of the
(kg/m) incline
BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
Secondary resistances
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BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
Secondary resistances
•Resistance of pulley bearings safe drive pulleys:
Belt width Mean belt stress
– For fabric belts: (N)
(m)
F d
F1 = 9 ⋅ B ⋅ (140 + 0.01 ⋅ )⋅
B D Belt thickness (m)
F d
F1 = 12 ⋅ B ⋅ (200 + 0.01 ⋅ )⋅ Pulley diameter
B D (m)
BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
Secondary resistances
Work run idler rollers weight per unit Belt weight per unit
lenght (kg/m) length (kg/m)
Return run idler rollers weight per unit
length (kg/m)
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BELT CONVEYORS II
Lc = CL ⋅ L
Belt length(m) 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 320 400 500
CL 2.2 2 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.05
BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
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BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
•Resistance due to the friction between the chute sidewalls or with guide
rails when they only take place over a limited belt length :
Fa = B ⋅ ka
Scraping factor = 1500 N/m
Belt width (m)
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BELT CONVEYORS II
RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
FSt = qG ⋅ H ⋅ g
BELT CONVEYORS II
PA = Fu ⋅ v
PA
Pm =
η1
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
Speed (m/s) Material specific
weight (t/m3)
Transport capacity
(t/hora) Q = 3600 ⋅ v ⋅ A ⋅ γ ⋅ k
Incline
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
(degrees)
k 1,0 0,99 0.,98 0,97 0,95 0,93 0,91 0,89 0,85 0,81
BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
•Cross section of the material over the belt depends on:
– Effective width (b) of the belt is function of the real width B:
• b = 0.9 ⋅ B − 0.05 for B ≤ 2 m
• b = B − 0.2 for B > 2 m
– The number, arrangement and dimensions of the rollers.
– The dynamic built-in shape of the material over the belt is limited by a
parabolic curve, characterised by a dynamic slope angle θ.
Picking
One roller Two rollers Three rollers angle
tgθ
S1 = ( l3 + (b − l3 ) ⋅ cos λ ) ⋅ Depends on: - material fluidity
2
6 - transport conditions
S = S1 + S2
(b − l3 ) 1 ( b − l3 )
S 2 = l3 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ sin λ
2 cos λ 2
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
• Uniform material size (cereals, granules or milled stones) do not influence
belt width.
• Non classified materials (materials obtained in quarries or mines)
influence on belt width:
– Maximum material size.
– Fine and coarse-grain percentage.
• It may occur that for little capacities the belt width is big ⇒ not
economic
• Belt width as a function of the maximum grain size:
θ ≤ 20º 3 5
20º ≤ θ ≤ 30º 6 10
BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
• The belt speed has to be as big as possible so that width is short.
• Speed depends on material properties:
– Fluidity. Dust risk.
– Abrasion. Belt cut risk.
– Friable. Material split risk.
– Size. Great impacts on the belt take place for big sizes and heavy ones, thus
weakening the belt.
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
0,66 0,84 1,05 1,31 1,68 2,09 2,62 3,35 4,19 5,24
BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
EXAMPLE
Limestone
•Specific weight = 1,4 T/m3
•Particle size:
•10% of coarse, maximum size: 250 mm
•Dynamic slope angle: 15º
•Not abrasive, friable but no reduction in
price, due to a needed later grinding
Belt geometry:
• L = 805 m, vertical extent = 150 m, incline = 10,73º
• For the previous incline, the capacity reduction coefficient k = 0,95 ¿Speed?
• Picking angle = 35º ¿Belt width?
Capacity to be transported: 1500 T/hour
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
EXAMPLE
Slope angle
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
(degrees)
K 1,0 0,99 0.,98 0,97 0,95 0,93 0,91 0,89 0,85 0,81
20º ≤ θ ≤ 30º 6 10
B=800 mm
BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
EXAMPLE
λ = 35º
B\λ 0º 20º 25º 30º 35º 40º 45º
38 74 80 87 91 95 98
500
0,0105 0,0205 0,0222 0,0241 0,0252 0,0263 0,0272
69 133 144 156 164 172 176
650
0,0191 0,0369 0,0400 0,0433 0,0455 0,0477 0,0488
800
108 208 227 244 258 269 276 For 1 m/s:
0,0300 0,0577 0,0630 0,0677 0,0716 0,0747 0,0766
B = 800 mm Qv1 = 258 m3/s
173 336 365 394 415 434 445
1000
0,0480 0,0933 0,1013 0,1094 0,1152 0,1205 0,1236
255 494 537 580 610 638 654
1200
0,0710 0,1370 0,1491 0,1612 0,1705 0,1777 0,1828
351 680 738 798 840 878 900
1400
0,0980 0,1903 0,2071 0,2240 0,2368 0,2467 0,2536
464 898 976 1055 1110 1160 1190
1600
0,1294 0,2519 1055 0,2965 0,3134 0,3264 0,3355
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
EXAMPLE
500 2,09
Coal, clay pan, soft
650 a 1000 3,35
minerals and soils, grinned
1200 a 1200 4,19
stones of little size
1400 a 2400 5,24
BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
EXAMPLE
• We select B = 1000 mm
B\λ 0º 20º 25º 30º 35º 40º 45º
38 74 80 87 91 95 98
500
0,0105 0,0205 0,0222 0,0241 0,0252 0,0263 0,0272
69 133 144 156 164 172 176
650
0,0191 0,0369 0,0400 0,0433 0,0455 0,0477 0,0488
108 208 227 244 258 269 276
800
0,0300 0,0577 0,0630 0,0677 0,0716 0,0747 0,0766
173 336 365 394 415 434 445
1000
0,0480 0,0933 0,1013 0,1094 0,1152 0,1205 0,1236
255 494 537 580 610 638 654
1200
0,0710 0,1370 0,1491 0,1612 0,1705 0,1777 0,1828
351 680 738 798 840 878 900
1400
0,0980 0,1903 0,2071 0,2240 0,2368 0,2467 0,2536
464 898 976 1055 1110 1160 1190
1600
0,1294 0,2519 1055 0,2965 0,3134 0,3264 0,3355
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BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
EXAMPLE
• We select B = 1000 mm
Material B (mm) V (m/s)
500 2,62 So as not to over design
Grains and other materials
650 y 800 3,35
that have a good fluidity v=3,35 m/s
1000 y 1200 4,19
and are not abrasive
1400 y 2400 5,24
500 2,09
Coal, clay pan, soft
650 a 1000 3,35
minerals and soils, grinned
1200 a 1200 4,19
stones of little size
1400 a 2400 5,24
BELT CONVEYORS II
TRANSPORT CAPACITY
EXAMPLE
Qv1 415
Qv 2 = ⋅ v2 ⋅ k2 = ⋅ 3,35 ⋅ 0,95 = 1320, 7 m3 /hora
v1 ⋅ k1 1 ⋅1
Q2 = γ ⋅ Qv 2 =1849 t/hour
OK
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