HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES 1

SEMINAR REPORT
2004

HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES

Seminartopicsonline.blogspot.com
HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES 2

ABSTRACT

This seminar paper is based upon the project work being carried out by the
collaboration of Delphi-Delco Electronics (DDE) and General Motors Corporation.
It was named the Automotive Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS) field
operation program to build the tomorrow’s car. It used latest technologies of
radar sensing to prevent collision. Video imaging to track its path, and uses
DGPS for locating the position of the vehicle on the road. It completely utilized
the latest technologies in Robotics as obstacle sensing, tracking and
identification.

Seminartopicsonline.blogspot.com
HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES 3

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………5
2. WHAT IS NEED FOR SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ?………….6
3. ACAS…………………………………………………………...7
4. FCW…………………………………………………………....10
5. ACC………………………………………………………........15
5.1. VISION BASED SENSOR………………………...….........16
5.2. MAP BASED PATH PREDICTION……………………….23
5.3. GPS(GLOBAL POSITIONING SATELLITE)SYSTEM........25
5.4. BRAKE AND THROTLE CONTROL…………………….26
6. CONCLUSION………………………………………………..37
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………......38

Seminartopicsonline.blogspot.com
HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES 4

1. INTRODUCTION

All of us would like to drive our car with a mobile held in one hand, talking
to the other person. But we should be careful; we don’t know when the car just
before us applies the break and everything is gone. A serious problem
encountered in most of the cities, National Highways, where any mistake
means no ‘turning back’! There comes the tomorrows technology; Hand free
driven car. Utilizing the modern technological approach in Robotics.

2. What is the need for safety precaution?

Seminartopicsonline.blogspot.com
HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES 5

All around the world almost 45% of the accidents occur by mistakes of the
driver. In some cases the driver is engaged in some other affair than driving. In
USA the highways are so crowded that in some situations mistake on the part of
one person on the road can lead to serious accidents. Most of these accidents
are fatal. One such accident took place in the year 1997, on a foggy morning
the on a heavily traffic highway a series of collisions took place in which 5 lost
their life and more than 40 injured. The victims of such accidents are either
severely injured, some even risk their life by their careless driving. This was the
main reason behind this project work put forward by the Delphi-Delco electronic
systems and General Motors Corporation. It was called the Automotive Collision
Avoidance Systems (ACAS) field operation program.

3. ACAS

Seminartopicsonline.blogspot.com
HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES 6

It is the Automotive Collision Avoidance System (ACAS). The ACAS/FOT

Program has assembled a highly focused technical activity with the goal of
developing a comprehensive FCW system that is seamlessly integrated into the
vehicle infrastructure.. The FCW system incorporates the combined ACC & rear-
ends CW functionality. The ACC feature will only be operational when engaged
by the driver. On the other hand, the FCW feature will provide full-time
operating functionality whenever the host vehicle is in use (above a certain min
speed). This feature is effective in detecting, assessing, and alerting the driver
of potential hazard conditions associated with rear-end crash events in the
forward region of the host vehicle. This is accomplished by implementing an
expandable system architecture that uses a combination of: (a) a long range
forward radar-based sensor that is capable of detecting and tracking vehicular
traffic, and (b) a forward vision-based sensor which detects and tracks lanes.
The proposed program effort is focused on providing warnings to the driver,
rather than taking active control of the vehicle.

Due to the complexity and breadth of the system goals, the on-going
design process has heavily relied on using the established principles of system
engineering as a framework to guide this highly focused deployment design
effort. As such, the technical activities of the program can be grouped into four
main activities within two phases. Phase I started immediately after program
inception in, June 1999, and lasted approximately 27 months. Phase II started
immediately after the end of Phase I. The objective was that the two program
phases will be continuous with minimal disruption of program flow and
continuity between them. Consequently, activities that enable the continuous
workflow into Phase II will be initiated during Phase I. The program phases are
summarized as:

Seminartopicsonline.blogspot.com
Phase I
HANDFREE DRIVING FOR AUTOMOBILES 7
1 Development - The program initially focused on a variety of activities
. associated with the enhancement, improvement, and maturation processes
applied to existing FCW technologies/components that were developed during
www.delphi.com
the ACAS Program, while accelerating the development of other key
subsystems,
2 Integration - The refined FCW portfolio of technologies/components was
. upwardly integrated into the vehicle platform infrastructure to form a
comprehensive rear-end collision warning system,
Phase II
3 Deployment Fleet - The validated design was used to build a deployment fleet
. of ten vehicles equipped with the system; and
4 Field Operational Test - The culmination of this program activity will be the
. design and implementation of the FOT plan. The deployment vehicle fleet will
be used to collect valuable market research data in order to assess/validate the
technology, product maturity, and general public perception.

The FOT is the natural next step of the technology development cycle
that was initiated with the Automotive Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
Development Program. This program was sponsored through the Technology
Reinvestment Project (TRP) and administered by the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) between January 1995 and October 1997.
Delphi-Delco Electronics Systems (DDE) and General Motors (GM) were major
participants of the eight-member ACAS Consortium. Additionally, DDE led the
ACAS Consortium. The primary objective of the ACAS Program was to accelerate
the commercial availability of key collision warning countermeasure
technologies, through either improved manufacturing processes or accelerated
technology development activities. The next logical technical progression of the
product development cycle was the upward integration of these ACAS-
developed essential building blocks to form a complete seamless vehicle
system that will be evaluated through a field operational test program. It is
apparent that the introduction of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems is
imminent. Therefore, posing the notion of a field operational test of the collision
warning technology at this time is apropos. An extensive, comprehensive
collision warning FOT has never been undertaken in the United States (or
anywhere else for that matter). As such, very few studies exist which
Seminartopicsonline.blogspot.com