Managing Efficiency, Processes & Productivity: Chris Jarvis
Managing Efficiency, Processes & Productivity: Chris Jarvis
Managing Efficiency, Processes & Productivity: Chris Jarvis
Managing Efficiency,
Processes &
Productivity
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Work Study
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Productivity
a measure of performance.
broadly a ratio of output to input, i.e. comparing amount
produced (output) with resources used (input)
materials,
combination
machinery, labour, capital, energy --- a
What
in
improvements have there been over the last 50 years
construction productivity
payroll processing
Car servicing
banking
How do we evaluate productivity levels and identify areas
for improvement?
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System relationships
Method Plant
Jobs study layout
Work Time
breakdowns study
standard Incentive
times rewards
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Gunpowder manufacture
Chinese ceramics industry
Adam Smith observations of French - pin making
Pioneers of agrarian and industrial revolutions
Abraham Derby & Josiah Wedgwood
Madame Guillotine, Springfield Rifle
F W Taylor at Bethlehem Steel work
Henry Gantt
FrankTimeandandLillian Gilbreth
motion study
Charles Bedaux
Work measurement
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Method study
sequence,e
(purpose, place,
method).
k a
develop
proposals R
i
alternatives ?
methods & present
f e t y
Install, monitor s
document as base
a for new work system
(slippage) & maintain
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Operation
Move
Delay
Store
Inspect/
process
Decision
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Purpose
What, Why, What else might &
Place
Should be done ?
aactivity
asound
soundreason
activity
reasonfor
forevery
every
nono
Where, Why, Where else & Where
should it be done ? assumptionsso
assumptions so
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Measuring Work
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Work Measurement
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A Time Study
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Incentive Schemes
t e d
s e n
Management services & business process re-engineering
p r e e n t
e
how work is done & data for planning, staffing & control functions.
manufacturing, office,
applied across a
l y
wide r
range
o p m
of industrial/commercial
n -
activity:
e a r IT and IS ve
l
service industries,
o
facilities layout,
f
materials
l
handling, logistics,
C components
processes/transformations,d e & interrelationships
n o
Identify process
t h e i o
rules,toutputs,
p
(inputs,
interfaces
break i n
down
d
the process into
breakdown structure)a
o its
t e r
logical sub processes (work
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Information
modelling Analysis
& design
Socio-tech
Keep
Our focus
in mind
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Business
Business New system
Situation
Situation&& • Add modules
Information Contribution/VfM?
Information • Review
Processing
Processing performance
Requirement
Requirement • Devel. Team
Accept
Continuity contracts dispersed
Feasibility • Maintenance
• Technological
• Financial
BSOs, TSOs Design
• Organisational
Requirements Specification
Analysis Design Build & test Implement
• data flows • databases • databases • Fine-tune
• d-structures • programs • programs • Conversion
• events • HCI • HCI • Training
• Hardware • Hardware • Cut-over
• security
Prototyping
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Requirements
• information processing
functions
• data to store
Input Data Output
- triggers items to activities
activities which use the
processed
information
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Data flows across the system boundary & within the system
Processes (functions that process data)
Data stores
Sources/sinks (external entities)
Functional decomposition (levels & modularisation)
Do not show
Time (when things happen & sequence)
Decisions (see process specification)
System boundary
Diagrams - better than narrative
CASE tools to draw and record details
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Level 1 DFD
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DFDs - Levelling
Consistency of data
flows between
levels.
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applies
interviewed
final accept/reject
enrols/pays
assessed
graduates
leaves
Identify all processes
•Map against the LDM
•Data updates
•Referential integrity & validation
•Menus, screens, reports
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Entity occurrence - 1
Entity: Footballer
Occurrence: David Beckham
Attributes
DOB, height, weight, position, skills, goals scored, next of kin,
address, salary, contract dates, sending-offs, number of
international caps
Relationships with
Games, team sheets, payments, club TV appearances,
insurance policies, contracts, agents, injuries, treatments
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Entity occurrence - 2
Entity: Patient
Occurrence: Chris Woodhead
Attributes
Name, age, address, NHS number, allergies, next-of-kin,
{medical conditions}, {treatments}, private health care
Relationships with
Treatments, appointments, medical conditions, allergies, GP,
clinics, medical staff, private health payments
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