St.

Anthonys College NURSING DEPARTMENT San Jose, Antique

NCM 103 - CARE OF CLIENTS WITH PROBLEMS IN OXYGENATION, FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, NUTRITION, METABOLISM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course deals with the principles and techniques of nursing care management of sick clients across lifespan with emphasis on the adult and the older person, population group in any setting with alterations/problems in oxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, nutrition and metabolism and endocrine function. 8 units lecture, 6 units RLE (1 unit Skills Lab; 5 units Clinical) 144hours lecture and 306 hours RLE NCM 102 3rd Year, 1st Semester At the end of the course, and given actual clients with problems in oxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, nutrition and metabolism, and endocrine function, the student should be able to: 1. Utilize the nursing process in the care of individuals, families in community and hospital settings. 2. Assesses with client/s his/her/their condition/health status through interview, physical examination, interpretation of laboratory findings 3. Identifies actual and at-risk nursing diagnosis 4. Plans appropriate nursing interventions with client/s and family for identified nursing diagnosis 5. Implements plan of care with client/s and family 6. Evaluates the progress of his/her/their clients condition and outcomes of care 7. Ensure a well organized and accurate documentation system; relate with client/s and their family and the health team

II. COURSE CREDIT III. CONTACT HOURS/ SEMESTER IV. PREREQUISITES V. PLACEMENT VI. COURSE OBJECTIVES

appropriately; 8. Observe bioethical concepts/ principles, core values and nursing standards in the care of clients; and, 9. Promote personal and professional growth of self and others. 1. Lecture cum discussion 2. Individual / group reporting discussion 3. Inquiry and discovery approach 4. Other teaching methods deemed appropriate according to subject areas presented. 1. Regular attendance 2. Individual output Term Exam 40% Class Standing 60%
Quizzes Project Attendance 30% 20% 10%

VII. TEACHING METHODOLOGY

VIII. COURSE REQUIREMENTS IX. GRADING SYSTEM

X. COURSE CONTENT NUTRITION METABOLISM GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Total 100% A. Risk factors among clients that contribute to the development of problems in the following: Nutrition and metabolism - risk factors related to malnutrition, obesity Endocrine function - risk factors related to endocrine hypo or hyper-functioning B. Identifies significant subjective data from the client history related to problems in nutrition and metabolism and endocrine function 1. Chief complaints 2. Relevant information, to include eleven functional patterns Health Perception mgt. pattern Nutritional/metabolic pattern Elimination pattern Activity/exercise patterns Cognitive/perceptual pattern Sleep-rest pattern Self perception self concept pattern Role relationship pattern Sexuality-reproductive pattern Coping-stress tolerance pattern Value-belief pattern C. Principles and techniques of physical examination in newborn, children, adults, deviations from normal: 1. Gastrointestinal Function IPPA a. Inspection color, texture of skin,

mucous membrane, growth patterns, scars, masses b. Auscultation bowel sounds, bruits c. Palpation focus on GIT for presence of masses, ascites, rebound tenderness, distention d. Percussion liver span, masses, ascites 2. Metabolism and endocrine function (focus on GIT, systemic effects of endocrine malfunction ) - IPPA a. Inspection color, texture of skin, mucous membrane, growth patterns, obesity b. Auscultation bruit, heart sounds, breath sounds c. Palpation organ - thyroid enlargement, masses, edema d. Percussion fluid, edema e. Others weight, delayed healing of wounds D. Results and implications of diagnostic / laboratory examinations of clients with reference to problems in: 1. Metabolic and endocrine function a. Screening: glucose tolerance test, Non-invasive: e.g. GI x-ray, Ultrasound abdomen, Radio-iodine assay (RAI), protein bound iodine (PBI), thyroid scan, Free thyroxin level, Basal metabolic rate (BMR), Thyroxin stimulating hormone (TSH) test, OGTT (Glucose tolerance test) Urinalysis (glycosuria, ketonuria) Invasive: e.g. percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram, liver function test , derum thyroxine and triiodothyronine test, Iodine 131 uptake, blood sugar tests (fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), Glycosylated hemoglogin (Hgb), Two hour post prandial blood glucose), endocrine assay E. Pathophysiologic Mechanisms: 1. Alterations in GIT function a. Disturbances in ingestion problems in buccal cavity and esophagus b. Disturbances in digestion peptic acid disease, gastritis, gastric cancer c. Disturbances in absorption malnutrition, malabsorption syndrome, inflammatory bowel conditions

d. Disturbances in elimination bowel obstruction, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, constipation 2. Alterations in endocrine function a. Hypo- and Hyperfunction of the pituitary organ b. Hypo- and Hyperfunction of the hypothalamus c. Hypo- and Hyperfunction of the thyroid organ d. Hypo- and Hyperfunction of the parathyroid organ e. Hypo- and Hyperfunction of the adrenal organ f. Hypo- and Hyperfunction of the gonads g. Problems in glucose metabolism hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (IDM, NIDDM) F. Nursing Diagnoses taxonomy pertinent to problems/ alteration in: 1. Gastrointestinal Function a. Alteration in nutrition less than body requirement b. Alteration in nutrition more than body requirement c. Alteration in oral mucous membrane integrity d. Alteration in comfort: epigastric pain/abdominal pain e. Fluid volume deficit 2. Endocrine Function a. Alterations in nutrition less than body requirement b. Fluid volume deficit c. Activity intolerance G. Principles of Various Modalities of Management 1. Health Promotive 2. Disease Preventive 3. Curative and Restorative H. Principles of Management 1. Disturbances in Ingestion Determination and management of cause Hydration Drug therapy Dietary management Supportive management Prevention of infection Prevention of complication Prevention of psychosocial problems

 Rehabilitation 2. Disturbances in Digestion Determination and management of cause Hydration Drug therapy Dietary management Supportive management Prevention of infection Prevention of complication Prevention of psychosocial problems Rehabilitation 3. Disturbances in Absorption Determination and management of cause Hydration Drug therapy Dietary management Supportive management Prevention of infection Prevention of complication Prevention of psychosocial problems Rehabilitation 4. Disturbances in Elimination Determination and management of cause Hydration Drug therapy Dietary management Supportive management Prevention of infection Prevention of complication Prevention of psychosocial problems Rehabilitation 5. Disturbances in Hepatic, Biliary and Pancreatic Function Determination and management of cause Hydration Drug therapy Dietary management Supportive management Prevention of infection Prevention of complication Prevention of psychosocial problems Rehabilitation 6. Disturbances in Endocrine hypofunction Determination and management of cause Drug therapy diuretics, electrolytes Dietary restriction - sodium Supportive management Prevention of infection

 Prevention of complication Prevention of psychosocial problems Rehabilitation 7. DIsturbances in Endocrine Hyperfunction Determination and management of cause Drug therapy diuretics, electrolytes Dietary restriction - sodium Supportive management Prevention of infection Prevention of complication Prevention of psychosocial problems I. Rehabilitation Pharmacologic actions, therapeutic use, side effects, indications, contraindication, and nursing responsibilities: 1. Vitamin D supplements 2. Gastrointestinal, hepato-biliary and pancreatic function Antiemetics Anticoagulant Hematinics agents Laxatives and stool softeners Antipruritus Vitamin supplement Antacids Antihyperlipidemics Antispasmodics Antidiarrheal 3. Endocrine function Corticosteroids Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents Beta-adrenergic blocking agents Tyrosine inhibitors Dopamine receptor antagonists Glucocorticoids Parathyroid hormone agents Thyroid hormone agents Insulin Oral hypoglycemic agents 4. Perioperative Care Preoperative Pre-operative medications Intraoperative anaesthetic agents general, spinal, blocks Postoperative analgesics, opioids, antipyretics, antibiotics J. Purpose, indications, nursing responsibilities for the following surgical and special procedures:

1. Gastrointestinal dysfunction Surgical procedures gastrostomy, gastrectomy, colostomy, hemorrhoidectomy, gastrointestinal bypass, ileostomy Special procedures parenteral hyperalimentation; feeding per nasogastric, jejunostomy, gastrostomy tubes; colostomy care and irrigation, dietary planning for common GT and endocrine problems; administering medications via NGT, J tube, G tube; hot sitz bath 2. Endocrine dysfunction a. Surgical procedures Thyroidectomy, Parathyroidectomy b. Special procedures monitoring of blood glucose levels, maintenance of blood glucose diet, exercise, drugs K. Safe and comprehensive perioperative nursing care 1. Assessment and care during the perioperative period 2. Techniques in assisting the surgical team during the operation 3. Principles of safety, comfort and privacy during the perioperative period Nursing responsibilities during the perioperative period Preoperative - Physical, psychological, spiritual preparation Intraoperative Circulating nurse functions, scrub nurse functions Postoperative Airway, breathing, circulation priorities. Meeting the physical, psychological and spiritual needs of the client. L. Steps/pointers in decision making and prioritization with client/s having problems in metabolic and endocrine function M. Principles, concept and application of bioethics in the care of clients N. Developing outcome criteria for clients with problems in metabolic and endocrine function O. Appropriate discharge plan including health education P. Accurate recording and documentation

XI.

REFERENCES

Books:

1. Doenges, Marilyn E. (2004): Nurses Pocket

Guide: Diagnoses, Interventions, and Rationales (9th Edition): F. A. Davis Company

2. Hurst,

Marlene (2008): Hurst Reviews: Pathophysiology Review. United States of America: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice (7th Edition). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

3. Kozier, Barbara, et al. (2004): Fundamentals of

4. Kumar, Raminder, et al. (2010): Robbins &

Coltran Pathophysiologic Basis of Disease (8th Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc.Nurses Quick Check: Diagnostic Tests (2006) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 5. Nursing 2006 Drug Handbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

6. Phillips, Nancymarie (2008): Berry & Kohns

Operating Room Technique Singapore: Elsevier Pte. Ltd. (11th Edition).

7. Porth, Carol (2004): Pathophysiology: Concepts

of Altered Health States (7th Edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

8. Smeltzer, Suzanne, et al. (2008): Brunner &

Suddarths Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (11th Edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

9. Tortora, Gerard, et al. (2009): Principles of

Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition: United States of America: John Wiley and Sons Inc. Others: 1. CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 14 Series of 2009: Policies And Standards For Bachelor Of Science In Nursing (BSN) Program

Prepared by: JOFRED M. MARTINEZ, R.N. Instructor

Noted:

RACHEL MARIE YASAY, R.N., M.A.N. Dean, Nursing Department St. Anthonys College