ABAP Chapter 3

 

Open SQL Internal Table

SAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server

SAP GUI SAP GUI SAP GUI

Presentation Server

SAP Application Server

DB Server

SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture) (3

SAP GUI SAP GUI

Presentation Layer
(Windows based)

SAP Instance

Application Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)
Request Queue

Dispatcher

M
SAP Buffer (Shared Mem)

E G

Database Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)

Oracle Informix

Database Server

DB2 MS SQL Server SAP DB/MaxDB

SAP System : Dialog Processing

SAP GUI
Report zpsm1.

Application Server
Store request to queue 3 Send List 9

Generate 1 10 Screen(List) Send Request

Reque st

Tables customers.

List

Select single * from customers where id = 1. Write: / customers-name.

Dispatcher
2

Request Queue Send request to 4 WP

Search for free WP Check Program in Program Buffer 5

SAP Buffer
Program Table

D
8

D
SQL Reques t

D
6

Execute ABAP statem ent

Database Server

Load&Gen Program

Dialog Work Process Architecture

Dialog Work Process TaskHandler Local Memory
Memory Space

ABAP Processor
List buffer

DYNPRO Processor DB Interface

Result Set Memory

Database Server

Open SQL
   

SELECT ... INSERT ... UPDATE ... DELETE ...

DB Interface
SAP Application Server Dialog WP
TaskHandler ABAP Processor DYNPRO
List Buffer

Local Memory
Memory Space

DB Interface Result Set

~ 32 KB in length

Database Server

Data Data Data Data

Data

Example Tables in DB
spfli
carrid connid cityfrom cityto distance

customers
id name city

1 2 3

John Peter David

New York Singapore London

LH LH SQ

0400 0402 0110

LA BK SQ

NY NY BK

100 540 250

Example Tables in DB
sflight
carrid connid fldate price

LH LH LH SQ

0400 0400 0400 0110

20010101 20010110 20010228 20010226

150 145 130 75

Select Overview
Select <result> From <table> Into <destination> Where <condition> Which Columns? Which Table? Where to place? Which Lines?

Select Statement


Select multiple records from database

SELECT * FROM customers. ENDSELECT.

Select single record from database

SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = 1.

Select Multiple Records

Tables spfli. Seclect * from spfli. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data . endif.

Dialog WP
Dialog WP TaskHandler
ABAP Processor
List buffer

Local Memory
Memory Space

DYNPRO Processor

DB Interface
Result Set

Database

SELECT Statement Working Steps

1. Transform open SQL to DB SQL and return result set into result set work area
SELECT * FROM spfli. ENDSELECT.

SELECT * FROM spfli;

2. Loop with data in result set and transfer each record to work area in memory space
SELECT * FROM spfli. ENDSELECT. Table Structure in Memory Space

Select Into Table Structure

Tables spfli. Seclect * from spfli into spfli. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data . endif.

Select Into Work Area

Data wa like spfli. Seclect * from spfli into wa. write: / wa-carrid, wa-connid, wa-cityfrom, wa-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data . endif.

Exercise I

customers-id

customers-name

customers-city

SELECT with WHERE Clause

Loop Processing with Restriction

Tables spfli. Select * from spfli where cityfrom = FRANKFURT . write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-cityto. endselect. If sy-subrc <> 0. write / no data . endif.

Select With Range

Tables sflight. Select * From sflight Where price between 100 and 1000. Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid, sflight-price. Endselect.

SELECT With IN List

Tables sflight. Select * From sflight Where price in ( 100, 1000 ). Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid, sflight-price. Endselect.

Select Single Record

Select Single Record

Tables spfli. Select single * from spfli where carrid = LH and connid = 0400 . if sy-subrc = 0. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto. else. write: / Data not found . endif.

Select Column List

Select * : Example

SELECT *

Reading Selected Column

Data: id like customers-id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city. Select id name city into (id, name, city) from customers. write: / id, name, city. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / No Data found . endif.

Reading Selected Column

Data: begin of wa, id like customers-id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city, end of wa. Select id name city into wa from customers. write: / wa-id, wa-name , wa-city. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / No Data found . endif.

Select Column : Example I

Reading Selected Column

Tables customers. Select id name city into (customers-id, customers-name, customers-city) from customers. write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / No Data found . endif.

Select Column : Example II

Corresponding Fields of...

Tables: customers. Select id name city into corresponding fields of customers from customers. Write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city. Endselect.

Select Statement : Special Topics

DB Count : SY-DBCNT
Tables customers. Select * from customers. write: / sy-dbcnt, customers-id, customers-name. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data found . else. write: / sy-dbcnt, Record found . endif.

SELECT ORDER BY ...

Tables: spfli. Select * from spfli Order by cityfrom. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom. Endselect.

SELECT With Template

Tables customers. Select * From customers Where name Like _r% . Write: / customers-id,customers-name. Endselect.

Aggregate Functions
Data: maxdat like sflight-distance, mindat like sflight-distance, counter type I. Select COUNT( * ) MIN( distance ) MAX( distance ) into (counter ,mindat, maxdat) from spfli. Write: / Count : , counter, / Min : , mindat, / Max : , maxdat.

ggregate Functions : COUNT,MIN,MAX,AVG and SU

SELECT GROUP BY ...

Data: carrid like sflight-carrid, sflight mindat Type P Decimals 2, carrid connid fldate Price maxdat Type P Decimals 2. Select carrid Min( price ) 0400 20010101 ) Max( price 150 LH Into (carrid, mindat, maxdat) LH 0400 20010110 145 From sflight Group by carrid. LH 0400 20010228 130 Write: / carrid, mindat, maxdat. SQ 0110 20010226 75 Endselect.

Sub Query
tables customers. select * from customers where id <> 1 and city = ( select city from customers where id = 1 ). write: / customers-id, customers-name. endselect. ID 1

Exercise I
SELECT *

customers-id

customers-name

customers-city

Exercise II
SELECT *

usr02-bname

usr02-trdat

usr02-ltime

ABAP : Inner Join

Tables Join
spfli
carrid connid cityfrom cityto distance

sflight
carrid connid fldate price

LH LH LH SQ 0400 0402 0110 NY BK SQ BK NY BK 100 LH 540 LH 250 SQ

0400 0400 0400 0110

20010101 20010110 20010228 20010226

150 145 130 75

Tables Join
Question: Select carrid, connid and cityto from spfli and fldate,price from sflight where carrid = LH spfli-carrid spfli-connid sflight-fldate spfli-cityto sflight-price

LH

Standard SQL
Select spfli.carrid, spfli.connid, sflight.fldate, sflight.price From spfli, sflight Where spfli.carrid = sflight.carrid and spfli.connid = sflight.connid and spfli.carrid = LH ;

Tables Join Methods

   

Nested select statement Internal table View Inner join of Select statement

Nested Select Statement

Tables: spfli,sflight. Select * from spfli where carrid = LH. Select * from sflight where carrid = spfli-carrid and connid = spfli-connid. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, sflight-price. Endselect. Endselect.

Open SQL Inner Join

Tables: spfli,sflight. Select spfli~carrid spfli~connid sflight~fldate spfli~cityto sflight~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price) from spfli inner join sflight on spfli~carrid = sflight~carrid and spfli~connid = sflight~connid where spfli~carrid = LH . Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price. Endselect.

Open SQL Inner Join

Tables: A,B. Select A~a B~b B~c into (A-a,B-b,B-c) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b. Write: / A-a,B-b,B-c. Endselect. Table : A A-a B-b B-c

Table : B

b
b1

c
c1 c2 c3

a
a1 a2

b
b1 b2

b2 b3

Open SQL Inner Join

Table : A
Database Server

Table : B

a
a1 a2

b
b1 b2

b
b1 b2 b3

c
c1 c2 c3
1

Application Server 2

Single Result Table(Result set)

Select inner join.. Endselect.

A~a
a1 a2

B~b
b1 b2

B~c
c1 c2

Open SQL Alias Table Name

Tables: spfli,sflight. Select a~carrid a~connid b~fldate a~cityto b~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price) from spfli as a inner join sflight as b on a~carrid = b~carrid and a~connid = b~connid where a~carrid = LH . Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price. Endselect.

Inner Join/Outer Join Example

ZCUSTOMERS
id
1 2 3 4

ZSALEREPS
city tel
111111 222222 432555 234111

name
John Peter David Micheal

sale_id
01 02

name
Somchai Pipop

New York London Singapore Bangkok

ZSALES
cust_id 1 prod_id A1 A2 X1 sale_date 20020318 20020318 20020321 qty 10 50 90 sale_id 01 01 02

ZPRODUCTS
p_id
A1 A2 B1 X1 Y1 prod_name Pen Pencil Ruler Tape CD on_hand 100 125 80 120 99

1 3

Open SQL Inner Join

REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.

Open SQL Inner Join > 2 Tables

A-a B-c C-y Tables: A,B,C. Select A~a B~c C~y into (A-a,B-c,C-y) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b inner join C on C~x = B~c. Write: / A-a,B-c,C-y. Endselect. Table : A Table : C

Table : B

y
...

c
... ...

Open SQL Inner Join > 2 Tables

REPORT ZINNERJOIN02 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZPRODUCTS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME C~PROD_NAME B~QTY INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME, ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME, ZSALES-QTY) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID INNER JOIN ZPRODUCTS AS C ON C~P_ID = B~PROD_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME,ZSALES-QTY. ENDSELECT.

Exercise


List customers who buy product from company as following fields:

zcustomers-id zcustomers-name zsales-sale_date zproducts-prod_name zsales-qty zsalereps-name

    

Exercise : User Master

USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER

Tables Relationship

USR02

BNAME

USR21
PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER

ADCP

ABAP : Outer Join

Open SQL Outer Join

REPORT ZOUTERJOIN . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZCUSTOMERS AS A LEFT OUTER JOIN ZSALES AS B ON A~ID = B~CUST_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.
Single Result Table A~NAME John John Peter David Micheal X1 B~PROD_ID A1 A2

Exercise


List customers name who do not buy any product from company

Sub Query
REPORT ZSUBQUERY . tables: zcustomers. select * from zcustomers as a where not exists ( select * from zsales as b where b~cust_id = a~id ). write: / zcustomers-name. endselect.

Internal Table

Data Objects in ABAP

Memory Space
Variable Structure

Table Structure

Internal Table

Constants

<Field-symbols>

INTERNAL TABLE
Flight (Structure)
Carrid Connid Date Price

Internal Table
Flight (Internal Table)
Carrid Connid Date

Header Line
Price

Structure
Data: Begin of carrid connid date price flight, like sflight-carrid, like sflight-connid, like sflight-fldate, like sflight-price.

Data: Write:

End of flight.

flight-carrid = LH . / flight-carrid.

INTERNAL TABLE
Data: begin of tab occurs 10, carrid like sflight-carrid, connid like sflight-connid, fldate like sflight-fldate, price like sflight-price. end of tab.

Data

USING ABAP DICTIONARY STRUCTURE Data: Data begin of tab occurs 0. Include structure sflight. end of tab.

INTERNAL TABLE USING LIKE

Data tab LIKE sflight OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.

FILLING INTERNAL TABLE (APPEND)

Tables sflight. Data flight like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight. Move sflight to flight. Append flight. Endselect.

Standard Key of Internal Table

tab

Data: begin of tab occurs 0, f1 type C, f2 type I, f3 type N, f4 type P, end of tab.

f1

f2

f3

f4

Reading Data From Internal Table

Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight into table tab. If sy-subrc = 0. Loop at tab. Write: / tab-carrid, tab-price. Endloop. Else. Write: / No Data . Endif.

Access Database Without Internal Table

Access Database Using Internal Table

Reading Data From Internal Table

Data: begin of tab occurs 0, id like customers-id, name like customers-name, end of tab. Select id name from customers into table tab. If sy-subrc = 0. Loop at tab. Write: / tab-id, tab-name. Endloop. else. Write: / No Data . Endif.

Exercise I : Change

Using Internal Table

SORTING INTERNAL TABLE (SORT)

Sort Sort Sort flight. flight by flight by

price fldate. price ascending fldate descending.

SORTING INTERNAL TABLE

Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with header line. Select * from spfli into table tab. Sort tab by cityfrom. Loop at tab. write: / tab-carrid, tab-connid,tab-cityfrom. Endloop.

PROCESSING INTERNAL TABLE ...

Loop at flight. Write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endloop. Loop at flight where carrid = LH . Write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endloop. Loop at flight from 1 to 10. Write: / sy-tabix ,flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endloop.

Internal Table Template Condition

... loop at tab where name cp +r*. ...

Reading Single Record

... Sort flight by carrid connid fldate. Read table flight with key carrid = LH connid = 0400 fldate = 19990201 Binary Search. if sy-subrc = 0. write : / flight-carrid,flight-connid, flight-fldate, flight-price. endif.

Reading Single Record using Index

...

Read table flight index 3. If sy-subrc = 0. write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endif.

CHANGING INTERNAL TABLE

...
Delete Delete flight index 5. flight where carrid = LH .

flight-carrid = XX . flight-price = 100. Insert flight index 1.

DELETING INTERNAL TABLE

DATA flight LIKE sflight occurs 0 with header line.

Clear flight. Refresh flight. Free flight.

Total Record of Internal Table

Data: line_count type i. Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight into table tab. Describe table tab lines line_count. Write: / line_count.

Exercise I

Internal Table Processing

Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with Header line.

Select * from spfli appending table tab where carrid = LH.

SELECT INNER JOIN

REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.

Inner Join into Internal Table

REPORT ZJOIN01 . DATA: begin of tab occurs 0, name like zcustomers-name, prod_id like zsales-prod_id, end of tab. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO TABLE tab FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. LOOP AT tab. WRITE: / TAB-NAME,TAB-PROD_ID. ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Without Header Line

DATA tab LIKE customers OCCURS 0. DATA wa LIKE customers. LOOP AT tab INTO wa. WRITE: / wa-id, wa-name. ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Declaration

DATA tab TYPE TABLE OF customers. DATA wa LIKE LINE OF customers.

ABAP Practice

Database Table Processing

 INSERT  UPDATE  MODIFY  DELETE

Database

Insert (Table)
Tables customers. customers-id = 999 . customers-name = Test . Insert customers. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / Data Already Exists . endif.

Update Statement
Tables customers. Select single * from customers where id = 1. If sy-subrc = 0. customers-name = John . update customers. Update customers Endif.
set name = John where id = 1.

Update Statement
Data wa like customers. wa-id = 1 . wa-name = Test No 1 . wa-city = Bangkok . update customers from wa. If sy-subrc <> 0. write: / Data not found . Endif.

Modify Statement
Tables customers. customers-id = 1 . customers-name = Test No 1 . Modify customers.

Deleting Database Table Entries

Tables customers. customers-id = 1 . Delete customers. Delete customers From Table delcustomers. Delete From customers Where city = Bangkok .

Exercise II

Exercise II
1. SELECT *2. Internal Table

usr02-bname

usr02-trdat

usr02-ltime

Exercise III

Tables Relationship for User Master

USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER

Tables Relationship

USR02

BNAME

USR21
PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER

ADCP

Exercise III : User Master

usr02-trdat usr02-bname adcp-tel_number

Internal Table