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Catalogue of the species of plant rust fungi (Uredinales) of Brazil

By Joe F. Hennen Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 509 Pecan Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4060, United States of America Mario B. Figueiredo Instituto Biolgico de So Paulo Rua Cons. Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, So Paulo, S.P., Brazil, 04014-002 Anbal A. de Carvalho, Jr. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botnico do Rio de Janeiro Rua Pacheco Leo, 915, Jardim Botnico, Rio de Janeiro, R. J., Brazil, 22260-030 Philip G. Hennen Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 509 Pecan Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4060, United States of America

Support: FAPESP CNPq FAPERJ NSF USDA

2005

Acknowledgements. The authors wish to thank the many people and Institutions who have helped them during the years that they have been doing research on the plant rust fungi of Brazil. For financial aid this includes FAPESP, CNPq, and FAPERJ in Brazil, and NSF, and USDA in the United States of America. Our institutions: Instituto Biolgico de So Paulo, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botnico do Rio de Janeiro, Purdue University and the Arthur Herbarium, and The Botanical Research Institute of Texas have provided many essential herbarium, laboratory, and library facilities. For assistance in field work we have had the permissions and help of Instituto Florestal de So Paulo, Fundaco Florestal de So Paulo, Instituto de Botnica de So Paulo, Museu Costa Lima of Macapa, Amap, and Museo Goeldi of Belm do Para. We thank especialy Mary M. Hennen, coauthor of the first Index of the rusts (Uredinales) of Brazil, who continued to help throughout the development of this new work, Vera Lucia Bononi for aid in various ways, and Silvana DAgostini of the Instituto Biolgico for artistic work.

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introdution Genera of rusts in Brazil A list of genera and the number of species of rusts reported from Brazil Rust genera with most species A catalogue of the rusts (Uredinales) of Brazil Bibliography Host Families / Rust Genera Index for Rust fungi in Brazil Plant rust fungi of Brazil, HOST RUST INDEX KEYS TO HELP IDENTIFY VARIOUS GROUPS OF RUSTS Key to help identify anamorph gerera of Phakopsoraceae, Uredinales (Buritic, 1994) 012 Key to help identify anamorph genera of Uredinales (modified from Cummins and Hiratsuka, 2003) 013 Key to help identify Aecidium species on Guatteria, Annonaceae, in Neotropics 014 017 Key to help identify Aecidium species on Diospyros, Ebenaceae, in Neotropics 018 Key to help identify Aecidium species on Jacaranda from Brazil, Bignoniaceae Key to help identify unconnected species of Aecidium on Loranthaceae in Neotropica 022 Key to help identify species of Cerotelium in the Neotropics (modified from Buritic, 1999) 046 Key to help identify species of Crossopsora in the Neotropics on Apocynaceae 062 Key to help identify Dicheirinia spp. based on urediniospores 073 074 Key to help identify Dicheirinia spp. based on telia and paraphyses Key to help identify species of Didymopsora 077 Key to help identify species of Kuehneola on Rosaceae: Dryas, Rosa, and Rubus 092 Key to help identify species of Maravalia in Brazil 098 Key to help identify three rust species on Erythroxylum, Erythroxylaceae, in Latin America 100 Key to help identify five rust species on Olyra and Parodiolyra , Poaceae 126 129 Key to help identify Phakopsora species on Phyllanthus, Euphorbiaceae, in the Neotropics Key to help identify species of Phragmidiella in the Neotropics based on anamorph sori 132 Key to help identify the two species of Phragmidium on Rosa in Brazil 134 Key to help identify Porotenus and Uredo on Memora, Bignoniaceae 139 Key to help identify the species of Prospodium (all in the Neotropics, all on Bignoniaceae or Verbenaceae) 144 Key to help identify three microcyclic species of Puccinia on Asclepiadaceae subfamily Cynanchoideae 168 Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae 173 Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Hyptis, Lamiaceae, in the Americas 182 Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Cordia, Boraginaceae, in the Americas 192 Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Piptocarpha and Vanilosmopsis, Asteraceae 203 Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Piptocarpha based mainly on paraphyses 203 222 Key to help identify microcyclic species of Puccinia on Malvaceae Key to help identify varieties of Puccinia levis, on Poaceae 238 Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Wedelia, Asteraceae in the Americas 255 Key to help identify varieties of Puccinia schileana on Verbesina and Vigiera, Asteraceae 282 Key to help identify varieties of Puccinia substriata, Poaceae (after Ramachar and Cummins, 1965) 291 304 Key to help identify species of Pucciniosira in Neotropica Keys to help identify species of Ravenelia in the Americas 1. Key to Ravenelia on Caesalpiniodeae (Caesalpiniaceae) in the Americas (host leaves mostly once pinnate) 307 2. Key to Species of Ravenelia on Papillionoideae in the Americas (22 species) 308 3. Key to help identify Species of Ravenelia on Lonchocarpus and Derris spp 311 4. Key to help identify species of Ravenelia on Caesalpinia and Cenostigma based on teliospores 316 in the Neotropics Pg. 007 007 007 009 010 433 448 452

5
5. Key to help identify species of Ravenelia reported on Calliandra 317 6. Key to help identify Ravenelia species on Cassia sensu lato, genera: Cassia, Chamaecrista, and Senna, in the Neotropics 319 373 Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Leguminosae in Brazil based on uredinia and telia Key to help identify species of Uredinales on Cucurbitaceae in the Americas 377 Key to help identify rust fungi on Bauhinia in Brazil 378 Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Desmodium, Leguminosae, in Brazil 387 Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Cestrum, Solanaceae 390 Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Loranthaceae in the tropics or subtropics of the New 390 World Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Juncus in the Americas 406

Introduction The purpose of this catalogue is to record all of the species of plant rust fungi that are known to occur in Brazil and to provide several sorts of information that may help scientists and students to identify and to give the currently correct names to the species. The catalogue is a revision and an expansion of our original Index of the rust fungi (Uredinales) of Brazil (Hennen, J. F., M. M. Hennen, and M. B. Figueiredo, 1982). The catalogue includes various kinds of corrections to the original work , and includes the following new information: 1. species that have been determined to occur in Brazil since the publication of the Index, 2. Data for the TYPE specimen for each species name, including synonyms, are recorded where it was possible to determine from the literature. We have not tried to determine the location (herbarium) where the type specimens are located. 3. Anamorph names are separated from teleomorph names as required by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). For both anamorph and teleomorph synonyms, the symbol () is placed in front of synonyms to indicate a nomenclatural synonym, i. e. names with the same type specimen; the symbol (=) is placed in front of other names to indicate a taxonomic synonym, i. e. names with different type specimens. 4. A partly newly developed system of symbols is given for what is thought to be the life cycle for most of the accepted species. This notation is put in bold in a parentheses placed just after the information about the accepted name of the rust species. The ontogenic system for the meaning of terms for life cycle stages is used. These symbols are explained later. 5. Geographic range outside of Brazil. 6. Descriptive and other taxonomic information is included for most genera and species, and 7. Species of special economic importance are indicated. For those species which we have new Brazilian State records, and for those species that are included in this work but were not recorded in the original Index, we include citations of voucher specimens if available. We have not included all of the citations of the numerous voucher specimens that were cited in the original Index. We have been unable to confirm the identification of hosts for those cited from the literature. All host identifications are reported as our best preliminary effort We believe that they are probably correct for nearly all families and genera. We have consulted The Missouri Botanical Garden's data base Tropicos and The New York Botanical Garden's database for updating names and authors of names for many host species. Laundon (1965A) listed 289 names that had been proposed for genera of rust fungi. Many of these are considered synonyms of other genera or are no longer in use for various technical reasons. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003), the most recent critical revisionary work, included 120 holomorph and 13 anamorph rust genera for the World. We include in this catalogue 56 holomorph and 9 anamorph genera for Brazil and nearly 800 species. We believe that the information in this Catalogue will form a bases for all future work on the taxonomy of rusts of Brazil, and will be especially helpful to scientists and students who do not have extensive library and herbarium resources easily available. Genera of rusts in Brazil Compared to many other fungi, the Uredinales have more morphological and developmental traits that are useful for their classification. Worldwide, Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) included 120 teleomorph and 13 anamorph genera as sufficiently different to be recognized. At least 45 (38 %) teleomorph and 10 (77 %) anamorph genera have been recorded from Brazil., Although Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) included a key for separating genera of rusts, their key begins by separating the genera into families. Thus, their key is more useful for classification than for identification of rust genera. A list of genera and the number of species of rusts reported from Brazil Names in red were not included in the original index. Names in pink were in the original index but are not in this Catalogue. Genus Number of rust species Year 1985 2003 change in number Achrotelium 0 1 +1 Aecidium(An) 88 68 -20 Aeciure(An) 0 1 +1 Anthomyces 1 1 0 Aplopsora 0 1 +1 Apra 1 1 0

7
Arthuria Batistopsora Botryorhiza Calidion(An) Canasta (An) Catenulopsora Centrifuga Cerradoa Cerotelium Chaconia Chrysocyclus Cionothrix Cladoma (An) Coleosporium Crossopsora Cumminsiella Dasyspora Desmella Diabole Dicheirinia Didymopsora Dietelia Diorchidiella Diorchidium Dipyxis Endophyllum Frommea Frommeella Hemileia Intrapes (An)(Leptinia) Kimuromyces Kuehneola Kweilingia Leptinia Maravalia Melampsora Milesia(An) Mimema Olivea Pelastoma Phakopsora Phragmidiella Phragmidium Physopella Porotenus Prospodium Puccinia Pucciniastrum Pucciniosira Ravenelia Scopella Skierka Sorataea Sphaerophragmium Sphenospora Spumula 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 4 2 2 0 4 6 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 0 3 1 0 3 0 1 1 7 0 0 2 0 13 0 3 4 2 23 274 2 2 29 5 3 2 3 4 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 9 7 2 2 1 6 10 1 1 1 1 8 4 1 2 4 1 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 7 1 1 3 1 28 1 2 0 4 31 264 3 2 41 0 3 3 2 5 4 +1 +1 0 0 +1 +2 +1 0 +7 +3 0 0 +1 +2 +4 0 0 0 0 +4 0 0 +1 +2 0 +1 -1 +1 -2 0 +1 -2 +1 +1 +7 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +15 +1 -1 -4 +2 +8 -10 +1 0 +12 0 0 +1 -1 +1 +4

8
Synnoma (An) Tegillum Thirumalachariella Tranzschelia Triactella Uncol Uredinopsis Uredo(An) Uromyces Uromycladium Uropyxis Ypsilospora Total holomorph genera Total anamorph genera Genera new to Brazil

1 1 1 1 0 1 105 103 0 2 0

0 0 1 0 1 1 70 107 1 1 1__

-1 -1 0 -1 +1 0 -35 +4 +1 -1 +1

1985/ 49 ; 2003/57 2003/745 species 1985/ 4 ; 2003/9 2003 - 16 (11 teleomorph, 5 anamorph)

Rust Genera with most species: Teleomorphs Anamorphs Puccinia Uredo 264 Uromyces Aecidium 107 Ravenelia 41 Prospodium 31 Phakopsora 28 Crossopsora 10 Cerotelium 9 Maravalia 8 Dicheirinia 8 Chaconia 7 Melampsora 7 Coleosporium 6 Sphenospora 5 Didymopsora 4 Diorchidium 4 Endophyllum 4 Porotenus 4 Spumula 4

70 68

A CATALOGUE OF THE RUST SPECIES (UREDINALES) OF BRAZIL

Arrangement and notations of species 1. All generic and species names (binomials of holomorphs, anamorphs, nomenclatural synonyms, and taxonomic synonyms) that have been applied to rusts reported from Brazil are arranged in alphabetical order. 2. Accepted names of holomorph species, when first listed, are in all BOLD CAPS, followed by the family name spelled out, not abbreviated, of the person who first published the species name, bibliographic citation where name was published, information about the TYPE specimen, including host name and authority, country of origin in bold, more specific location in countrry, date of collection, and in italic, collector and collectors number if available, or s.n. indicating that a number is not available. Also after each accepted species entry, a group of symbols is presented that represents some important morphological traits and a "best guess, hypothesis, or first approximation" about the life cycle of that species. See explanation about these symbols above. For example: ACHROTELIUM LUCUMAE Cummins, Mycologia 48: 601. 1956. TYPE on Lucuma nervosa A. DeCandolle, Sapotaceae, from The United States of America, Florida: Dade Co., Homestead, 7 Feb 1939, Geo. Ruehle s.n. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo lucumae Arthur & Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 169. 1918. TYPE on Lucuma nervosa A. DeCandolle from Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas, 25 June 1915, J. R. Johnston s. n. Uredo lucumae is the name for both the aecial and the uredinial anamorphs. ' Uraecium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 467. 1933. ' Achrotelium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 70. 1940. (based on an anamorph). 3. Unaccepted names, mostly synonyms, of holomorph species are in italic, not caps, not bold with a symbol of "" for nomenclatural synonyms, and a symbol of "=" for taxonomic synonyms. 4. Accepted names of anamorph species are in all bold italic, not caps for example Uredo lucumae. See below. 5. Unaccepted names, synonyms, of anamorph species are in italic, not all caps, not bold with the symbols as shown above for nomenclatural and taxonomic synonyms. for example: Uredo lucumae Arthur & Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 169. 1918. TYPE on Lucuma nervosa A. DeCandolle from Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas, 25 June 1915, J. R. Johnston s. n. Uredo lucumae is the name for both the aecial and the uredinial anamorphs. ' Uraecium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 467. 1933. ' Achrotelium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 70. 1940. (based on an anamorph). 6. Genera and data about the genera are listed separately alphabetically at the beginning of a group of species or species. 7. Host names of records from Brazil when first listed are in bold italic. 8. If available, data about type specimens are included immediately after nearly all names: including host name, country of origin in bold, more specific location in countrry, date of collection, and in italic, collector and collectors number if available, or s.n. indicating that a number is not available. See number 2 above. ACHROTELIUM H. Sydow in H. Sydow & Petrak, Ann. Mycol., Berlin, 26: 425. 1928. TYPE SPECIES, Achrotelium ichnocarpi H. Sydow, on Ichnocarpus volubilis, Apocynaceae, from the Philippines. (?Chaconiaceae). Spermogonia Group VI (type 7). Aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, aeciospores borne singly on pedicels, walls echinulate, pores obscure or scattered.. Uredinia similar to the aecia but not associated with spermogonia. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent; teliospores (probasidial cells), pedicellate, one-celled, borne sympodially, several to a sporogenous cell wall thin, pale or colorless. Mature probasidial cells transformed with little or no change in size or aspect directly into four celled metabasidia

10
(internal germination in older literature), each metabasidial cell produces a sterigma with one basidiospore (Cummins and Hiratsuka, 2003). Only the one species listed below has been reported in the Americas. Four other species have been reported from tropical Asia. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) reported seven species. Achrotelium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Cummins, see Uredo lucumae Arthur & Johnston (ACHROTELIUM LUCUMAE Cummins). ACHROTELIUM LUCUMAE Cummins, Mycologia 48: 601. 1956. TYPE on Lucuma nervosa A. DeCandolle, Sapotaceae, from The United States of America, Florida: Dade Co., Homestead, 7 Feb 1939, Geo. Ruehle s.n. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo lucumae Arthur & Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 169. 1918. TYPE on Lucuma nervosa A. DeCandolle from Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas, 25 June 1915, J. R. Johnston s. n. Uredo lucumae is the name for both the aecial and the uredinial anamorphs. ' Uraecium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 467. 1933. ' Achrotelium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 70. 1940. (based on an anamorph). On Sapotaceae Pouteria macrophylla (Lamarck) Eyma [Richardella macrophylla (Lamarck) Aublet], Amap (Soto, 1994: 39); Maranho (AL 85-114, 9925), Par (Soto, 2001). Achrotelium lucumae has been reported also from the Bahamas. Spermogonia and aecia. Aeciospores and urediniospores borne on pedicels, 32-47 x 28-39 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall bilaminate, the inner layer ca 2 m thick, cinnamon brown, outer layer hygroscopic, 4-6 m thick, pale yellow to colorless, strongly and uniformly echinulate, germ pores 2-4, scattered; teliospores 66-99 x 12-15 m, cylindrical, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base, wall 2-4.5 m thick, colorless, smooth, pedicel 50-60 m long, colorless, persistent. The anamorph name, Uredo lucumae, applies to both the aecia and uredinia because they are alike in morphology. Arthur (1933) transferred Uredo lucumae to Uraecium because spermogonia were present in the type. Arthur used the genus Uraecium for anamorph species that had spermogonia intamently associated with other sori with pedicellate spores without regard to any other traits. Aecidiella J. B. Ellis & F. D. Kelsey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 208. 1897. TYPE SPECIES: Aecidiella triumfettae Ellis & Kelsey, see PUCCINIOSIRA and PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. Aecidiella triumfettae Ellis & Kelsey, see PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. Aecidiolum F. Unger, Die Exantheme der Pflanzen, p.301. 1833TYPE SPECIES: Aecidiolum. exanthematum Unger (? Uromyces pisi DeCandolle) Otth on Euphorbia cyparissias (Euphorbiaceae) from Germany. This name has been used for spermogonia of rusts but names are no longer applied to spermogonia (Laundon, 1965). Aecidiolum eregerontis Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur. AECIDIUM Persoon:Persoon (anamorph), Syn. Meth. Fung., p. 204, 1801. LECTOTYPE SPECIES, Aecidium berberidis Persoon: Persoon, chosen by Clements and Shear, 1931 in The Genera of Fungi. The anamorph genus Aecidium is one of the easiest to identify. The sori are usually described as cupulate (cup-like) with a well developed tubular or cylindrical peridium composed of one layer of proximally, slightly overlapping (imbricate) cells that originate from a ring of parental cells that surrounds the sporogenous cells at the base of the sorus. The peridial cell walls are not pigmented, the inner facing wall surfaces are usually verrucose, and the outer facing walls are usually smooth or nearly so. As a young sorus grows its apex is covered by the peridium which breaks through the epidermis of the host. After emerging from the host the apical cells of the peridium split open releasing the spores. The sides of the peridium often

11
split lengthwise to form recurved pieces that give a star-like appearance when viewed from above. However, the length that a sorus may attain after it emerges from the host is often determined by environmental factors such as humidity and rainfall. Under dry, still conditions the cylinders may attain one to several mm in length. The base of the sorus is lined with a hymenial layer composed of tightly packed, somewhat elongated sporogenous cells. Each sporogenous cell produces a row, or chain of spores that often remains intact for some length. The older spores at the distal ends of the chains come apart and are disseminated by wind. Usually near the base of the sorus fragile intercalary cells are located between the spores. These soon disintegrate and are not present in the upper parts of the rows. Spore walls are variously sculptured but most commonly evenly finely verrucose or at least with some verrucae. The verrucae are usually loosely attached to the spore wall and easily come off. In many species refractive granules of various sizes, larger than the verrucae, make up part of the sculpture pattern. In some species the sculpture may be in bands around the spores. Spores germinate with a mycelial germ tube, not a metabasidium. Although the genus Aecidium is easily identified, the species are often difficult to separate because few morphological traits have been found. The correct identification of the host is usually essential for identifying species of Aecidium. More recently variations in spore wall and peridial wall sculpture patterns have been found to be useful for characterizing some species. Each species of Aecidium may be a part of a holomorphic species and has the possibility of functioning as aecia, uredinia, or both. In the interesting short cycled teleomorphic genus Endophyllum, its telia have the morphology of Aecidium, but the spores are teliospores (probasidia) that germinate by producing metabasidia and basidiospores. There are many published reports of experimental inoculations that connect species of Aecidium as aecial stages of holomorphic species, most commonly species of Puccinia and Uromyces. In these reports, often the Aecidium species is not named, its morphological traits not described, and voucher specimens of the experimental material may not have been saved. Additional inoculations that confirm putative connections of these anamorphs with teleomorphs have seldom been reported. In many cases, however, there is no doubt that the Aecidium species functions as the aecial stage of the rust species. Aecidium species may also function as uredinia. When a collection of an Aecidium species without intimately associated spermogonia is made in the field, the infection is probably uredinial. Some good examples of this kind of uredinia are those that occur in at least six species of Puccinia on Ipomoea species (Convolvulaceae) in neotropical areas. Thus, in some rust species the aecial stage and the uredinial stage may be identical in morphology, both belonging to the same species of Aecidium. If spermogonia are intimately associated with Aecidium sori, these sori are usually assumed to be an aecial stage. But if the spores germinate with a metabasidium, the genus is Endophyllum. Spermogonia may be present or absent in Endophyllum. If spermogonia are absent and the spores do not germinate with a metabasidium, these sori may be either aecial or uredinial in function. Because of the similarity of the words Aecidium (the name of a morphologically identified anamorph genus) and aecium (the name of a position or stage in a life cycle, and the name of the sori produced by that stage), there has been confusion about the use of these terms (Hennen & Hennen., 2001). Arthur (1924) reported that Aecidium is a "form genus" that he defined as "Species whose life-cycle is not known, or is not readly assumed from related forms...These genera do not represent the whole cycle of development, and are not based upon type species" Later, he abandoned this usage presumably in favor of using Aecidium as a anamorph genus in the modern sense. Key to help identify anamorph gerera of Phakopsoraceae, Uredinales (Buritic, 1994) Note: In Botanical terminology sessile means no or nearly no stalk. In fungi the word pedicel is used for a stalk. In mature anamorph sori of rusts, pedicels may or may not be obvious. Even though they are not obvious in mature sori, these sori may have had spores with a very small intercalary cell between the developing spore and the sporogenous cell. These may function as disjunctor cellsand have the same location as pedicels. For routine identification purposes, it is usually better to use the descriptive term sessile for these sori because no pedicels may be readily obseravable in the mature sori. 1. Spores pedicellate 2 1. Spores sessile or in vertical rows without pedicels 3 Macabuna 2. Sori with peripheral paraphyses Peridipes 2. Sori with peridia 3. Spores verrucose 4 3. Spores echinulate 5 Aecidium 4. Sori with cellular peridia, short to long cylindrical, cyathiform

12
Caeoma 4. Sori without or only poorly developed cellular peridium Aeciure 5. Spores in vertical rows, with prominent intercalary cells 5. Spores sessile, not in vertical rows 6. Uredendo 6. Sori without sterile peripheral structures 6. Sori with sterile peripheral structures 7 Uredostilbe 7. Sori with long, laterally united, peripheral paraphyses mimicing a palisade 7. Not as above 8 Physopella 8. Paraphyses peripheral, curved, without nearly covering the sorus 8. Paraphyses peripheral, or peridium nearly covering the sorus 9 Milesia 9. Sori with cellular or hyphoid peridium 9. Sori with paraphyses arching over the sorus leaving a pore-like opening, the paraphysers Malupa surmounting a short ring of hyphoid tissue Key to help identify anamorph genera of Uredinales (modified from Cummins and Hiratsuka, 2003) 2 1. Spores produced on pedicels or seessile 7 1. Spores produced in vertical rows without pedicels 2. Sorus with no fungal bounding structure (may have intermixed paraphyses) 3 4 2. Sorus with fungal bounding structure Uredo 3. Sorus subepidermal or subcuticular Wardia 3. Sorus suprastomatal 5 4. Sorus with peripheral paraphyses 6 4. Sorus with peridium Malupa 5. Sorus with peripheral paraphyses united basally Calidion 5. Sorus with peripheral paraphyses not united basally Milesia 6. Sorus covered by dome-shaped peridium 6. Sorus surrounded by laterally fused palisade-like compact peridium Uredostilbe 8 7. Intercalary cells absent 9 7. Intercalary cells present Elateraecium 8. Spores intermixed with sterile elater-like hyphae 8. No intermixed sterile elater-like hyphae Petersonia (Caeoma IV and V of Sato and Sato, 1985) 9. Peridium and paraphyses absent Caeoma (Caeoma I, II, III of Sato and Sato, 1985). 9. Peridium or paraphyses present Lecythea 10. Peripheral paraphyses present 11 10. Peridium present Aecidium 11. Sorus cup shaped to cylindrical, peridial cells usually short 12 11. Sorus elongated to blister-like, peridial cells usually long 12. Sorus usually blister-like, with single to multilayered peridium Peridermium 12. Sorus more or less cylindrical, perium well-developed, tending to shred Roestelia longitudinally at maturity Aecidium aegiphilae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38(70). 1899. On: Aegiphila sp., Verbenaceae, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1899A: (70). Not a rust (P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , 1923: 316). Aecidium agnesium (H. Sydow) Hennen et. al., comb. nov. See Aecidium distinguendum P. Sydow & H. Sydow (PUCCINIA PUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway). AECIDIUM ALTERNANTHERAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia19: 56. 1926. TYPE on Alternanthera moquinii (Webb) Dusen, Brazil, Minas Geraes: Belo Horizonte, 26 Nov. 1921, Holway-1338. (0/I,?/?);or ?(0/-,-/IIIendo). On Amaranthaceae: Alternanthera moquinii (Webb ex Moquin-Tandon) Dusen, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1927: 56;

13
Laundon, 1965: 5). Aecidium alternantherae has been reported only from Brazil: two specimens from Minas Gerais. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, few in small goups, globoid or depressed globoid, 75-85 m high x 80-110 m wide, ostiolar filaments absent. Aecia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves in small groups on slightly discolored spots, 0.2-0.4 mm across, peridium membranous, thin, inconspicuous, colorless, erose at margin, peridial cells in face view 30-45 x 22-30 m, irregularly polyhedral, wall thin, colorless, without evident markings; aeciospores 28-40 x 23-28 m, globoid or elipsoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, very finely verrucose. Aecidium alternantherae might be an Endophyllum. The thin, membranous, inconspicuous cellular peridium with smooth cell walls characterizes the species (Jackson, 1927). AECIDIUM AMAZONENSE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 169. 1904. TYPE on Guatteria sp., Peru, Iquitos, Rio Amazonas, July 1902, Ule-3193. (0/I,?/?). On Annonaceae Guatteria schomburgkiana Martius, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 147). Guatteria sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 170). Aecidium amazonense has been reported only from Peru and Brazil. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, 140-200 m diam., few, scattered or loosely grouped, almost black. Aecia on round or irregular, brown or blackish-brown spots 0.5-5 cm across on abaxial side of leaves, aecial sori short cyllindric, yellowish, with a recurved, lacerate margin; peridial cells 28-42 x 20-26 m, round, oblong, or polyhedral in face view, walls 3-4 m thick, the outer facing wall non-striate, the inner densely verrucose; aeciospores 22-26 x 19-22 m, angular globose to ovoid; wall ca 2 m thick, pigmented golden-yellow on about one third to one half of the spore wall, the rest colorless, pigmented part very finely verrucose, the colorless part strongly verrucose with 3-4 large refractive granules plus one or two smaller ones. Key to help identify Aecidium species on Guatteria, Annonaceae, in Neotropics Six of the eleven species of Aecidium that have been named on genera of Annonaceae in the Neotropics have been reported on Guatteria spp. For practical identification at present we believe it is best to recognize only two species on Guatteria, Ae. amazonense and Ae. guatteriae. If all six of these species were to be recognized they would be impossible to distinguish between. They all cause large blackish, somewhat thickened leaf spots in which spermogonia are adaxial and Aecidium sori are abaxial and sunken into the slightly hypertrophied blackish leaf spot. Ae. amazonensis can be identified by its non-striate outer facing walls of its peridial cells, and its spore wall sculptured pattern. In spores in the type specimen about one third to one half of the spore wall is pigmented golden-yellow, the rest is colorless. The pigmented part is very finely verrucose, the colorless part is strongly verrucose. Three to four large refractive granules occur plus one or two smaller ones. Aecidium guatteriae, which includes the other species, peridial cells are reported as striate on the outer facing walls and verrucose on the inner walls. The spore walls are only minutely densely verrucose in bands around the spores, numerous larger refractive granules within the bands, wall smooth outside the bands (fide Hennen, Ule-3220). The sizes that have been reported for the peridial cells and spores all overlap so these measurements cannot be used to identify the species. The reported spore wall sculpture intergrades. We consider the following names as synonyms of Ae. guatteriae: Aecidium marayense P. Hennings, on Guatteria sp., Brazil, Rio Juru, Marary, September 1900, Ule-3086; Aecidium rionegrense P. Hennings, on Guatteria sp. from Brazil, Amazonas: Manaus, July 1900, Ule-2782; Aecidium huallagense P. Hennings, on Guatteria alutacea Diels from Peru Ule-3219 and 3220; and Aecidium uredinoidis P. Hennings, on Guatteria sp. originally reported erroniously as on Sapindaceae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Jurua, Juruamiry, E. Ule. Aecidium xylopiae produces large witche's brooms on its Xylopia spp. hosts but the spores and peridia of Aecidium xylopiae are also very similar to those of Aecidium guatteriae. The identity and relationships of these anamorphs will remain uncertain until their connection to other life cycle stages are determined. Aecidium annonaceicola P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM ANNONAE P. Hennings.

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AECIDIUM ANNONAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 100. 1895 (as "anonae"). TYPE on Annona sp. from Brazil, Gois: Meiaponte, Oct. 1892, E Ule-1919. (0/I,?/?). = Aecidium annonaceicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 101. 1895. TYPE on Annona sp. from Brazil, Gois: Meiaponte, Oct 1892, Ule-1915. On Annonaceae: Annona sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 100 ;Hennings, 1895A: 101). Aecidium annonae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia abundant, evenly and rather closely distributed, yellowish-brown at first then darker, 120-160 m in diameter. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, rather evenly and densly distributed on blackish, more or less indeterminate spots or on more or less the whole leaf surface that becomes blackish; peridial cells 24-28 x 17-22 m, subrhomboid to angular ellipsoid, firmly united, the outer faceing wall 4-6 m thick, smooth, inner wall 3-4 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores 16-23 x 13-18 m, angular globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, densely and minutely verruculose, subcolorless (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium anthericicola Arthur, see UROMYCES ERAGROSTIDIS Tracy. Aecidium aphelandrae P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM CEPHALANTHI-PERUVIANI P. Hennings. Aecidium australe Spegazzini (not Berkeley, 1843), see PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur. Aecidium asclepiadis Kunze, see UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke. AECIDIUM BACCHARIDIS Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 33. 1897. TYPE on Baccharis sp., Compositae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, Jan 1891, Ule-1704. (?/?,IIcv/?). Aecidium baccharidis has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia not reported. Sori on yellowish to brownish spots on abaxial side of leaves, peridium slightly excerted, peridial cells 25-35 x 17-24 m, subquadric, rectangular to rhomboid, outer wall 7-9 m thick, striate, interior wall 3-4 m thick, verrucose; spores 20-26 x 18-23 m, angularly globoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, subcolorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Perhaps the sori of Aecidium baccharidis function as uredinia because no spermogonia have been reported. Lindquist (1958) did not include this name in his monographic study of rusts on Baccharis. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil Aecidium basanacanthae P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM RANDIAE P. Hennings. Aecidium bonariense Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA MACROPODA Spegazzini. AECIDIUM BORRERIICOLA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 96. 1932. TYPE on Galianthe angustifolia (Chamisso & Schlechtendahl) E. L. Cabral [reported originally as Borreria angustifolia Chamisso & Schlechtendahl] (Rubiaceae) from Brazil, So Paulo: Campos do Jordo, 30 Apr 1922, Holway-1794. (0/I,?/?). Aecidium borreriicola has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, but mostly on adaxial side, deep seated, crowded on discolored spots, periphyses prominent. Aecia loosely scattered over areas 0.5-1.5 cm across on discolored spots, , the sori 0.15-0.2 mm across, cupulate or short columnar, (larger and coarser than those of Aecidium holwayi), whitish, peridial cells 28-32 x 18-20 m, rhomboid, outer facing wall 4-6 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 3-4 m thick, coarsely verrucose-rugose; aeciospores 17-22 x 12.5-22 m, ellipsoid to oblong; wall ca 1 m thick on sides, up to 6 m apically, delicately and closely verrucose, colorless (Jackson, 1932). AECIDIUM BRASILIENSE Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 35. 1897. LECTOTYPE on Cordia sp., from Brazil,

15
Rio de Janeiro, Serra dos Orgos, Dec 1891, Ule-1813. (0/I,?/?). On Boraginaceae: Cordia cylindrostachya Roemer & Schults, Rio de Janeiro (Sydow, 1907: 355). Cordia discolor Chamisso, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 500). Cordia ecalyculata Velloso, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 291). Cordia macrophylla Linnaeus, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 80). Cordia obscura Chanisso, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 19312: 500). Cordia trichotoma Velloso, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 74; IAC-3822). Cordia sp. Rio Acre (Sydow, 191671), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 35; Dietel, 1899: 258; Jackson, 1931: 500; IAC-4829). Aecidium brasiliense has been reported only from Brazil but see Uromyces seteraia-italicae for a discussion about a supposed teleomorph connection. Spermogonia not reported. Peridial cells 25-38 x 18-25 m, outer wall 6-8 m thick, striate, inner wall ca 4 m thick, verrucose, spores 20-27 x 18-23 m, subglobose to ellipsoid and angulate, wall more or less evenly ca 1 m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, subcolorless (Sydows, 1923). Aecidium cordiae, also on Cordia spp. in Brazil, has spores 26-38 x 20-26 m, with walls 1.5-2 m thick at sides, and 5-8 m thick above. Dale (1955) named Aecidium trinitense on Cordia bicolor A. DeCandolle from Trinidad, which is similar to Aecidium brasiliense but differs by having peridial cells with outer walls smooth, the inner walls verrucose-tuberculate, spores 18-26 x 15-20 m, with walls 1 m thick at sides 2-4 m thick above, finely verrucose, and colorless. Aecidium bulbifaciens Neger, see Aecidium circumscribens Neger (UROMYCES CIRCUMSCRIPTUS Neger). Aecidium byrsonimae Kern & Kellerman, see AECIDIUM BYRSONIMATIS P. Hennings. Aecidium byrsonimaticola P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM BYRSONIMATIS P. Hennings. AECIDIUM BYRSONIMATIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 101. 1895. LECTOTYPE on Byrsonima sp. from Brazil, Gois, Maranho, Sept. 1892, E. Ule-1924. (0/I,?/?). = Aecidium byrsonimaticola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 322. 1895. TYPE on Byrsonima sp. from Brazil, Gois, Ule-2150. = Endophyllum singulare Dietel & Holway, in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 336. 190l. TYPE on Byrsonima sp. (recorded mistakenly as ericaceous plant) from Mexico, Jalisco, M. E. Jones s. n. ' Aecidium singulare (Dietel & Holway) Arthur, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 540. 1918. TYPE same as for Endophyllum singulare. ' Aecidium byrsonimae Kern & Kellerman, J. Mycol. 13: 24. 1907. TYPE on Byrsonima crassifolia (Linnaeus) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Guatemala, Dept. Baja Verapaz, Sierra de las Minas, 10 Mar 1905, Kellerman-4325. On Malpighiaceae: Byrsonima crassifolia (Linnaeus) DeCandolle, So Marcos, Rio Branco (Sydow, 1916: 71). Byrsonima sericea DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 257). Byrsonima sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 168), Gois, Maranho (Hennings, 1895A: 101; 1895B: 322), Par (Hennings, 1909: 101). Aecidium byrsonimatis has been reported also from Venezuela, Trinidad, Central America and Mexico. Spermogonia densely and equally distributed on both sides of leaves and stems on deformed, systemically infected shoots, subcuticular, at first yellow-brown, finally chestnut-brown. Aecia scattered among the spermogonia, cylindrical, sometimes up to 1-3 mm high, white; peridial cells firmly united in regular rows, 36-65 x 20-30 m, rhomboid, outer facing wall 3-4 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 5-7 m thick, coarsely verrucose; aeciospores 28-55 x 22-35 m, angular ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong, often apiculate, wall 2-3.5 m thick at sides, often thicker at the base, apex usually greatly thickened 5-24 m, yellowishbrown (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923).

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Aecidium byrsonimatis is almost certainly the aecial anamorph of Crossopsora byrsonimatis, although no experimental inoculations have been reported. AECIDIUM CALOSPORUM Juel, Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 22. 1897. TYPE on Diospyros sp., aff. D. hispida A.DeCandolle from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Cuiab, cerrado, 7 Aug (7/8) 1894, G. A. Malme s.n. (O/I,?/?). On Ebenaceae: Diospyros hispida A. DeCandolle, Mato Grosso (Juel, 1897: 22), So Paulo (IAC 4337; IBI10819). Diospyros lirosmoides A. C. Smith, Amazonas (PUR-F15183). Diospyros sp., Gois (IBI-13313), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14321), So Paulo (IBI-16499), Tocantines (IBI-13298). Aecidium calosporum has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia in dense, small, shiny groups on indefinite, circular spots 3-7 mm across on adaxial side of leaves. Aecia densely crowded on the abaxial side of leaves, cylindric, whitish; peridial cells 34-44 x 18-24 m, firmly united in regular rows, wall more or less evenly thickened 7-10 m; aeciospores 28-30 m across, subglobose, wall 1.5 m thick, yellow, evenly and densely covered with elongated, needle-like spines 2-3 m long. Unlike many species of Aecidium, Aecidium calosporum is easily identified because of the numerous closely packed, needle-like spines on the walls of the spores. Key to help identify Aecidium species on Diospyros, Ebenaceae, in Neotropics At least 13 species of Aecidium have been reported on Diospyros species in the tropical regions of the world: Asia-7; Africa-2; South America-4; three of these from Brazil. The Sydows (1923) divided six species known then into two groups: 1. Sori deeply embedded in a black, crust-like or stroma-like layer composed of host and fungal tissue. Originally included four species from Asia, later Dale placed Aecidium carbonaceum from Trinidad in this group and reported the similarity of Ae. carbonaceum to Ae. diospyri-hispidi Vigas. We consider Ae. diospyri-hispidi as a synonum of Aecidium muelleri Thurston and therefore place the latter in this group. 2. Sori not as above. Originally included one species from Asia, one from Africa, and Aecidium ulei from Brazil. Aecidium calystegiae Desm., see PUCCINIA CONVOLVULI Castagne. Aecidium cardiospermophillum Spegazzini, see AECIDIUM SERJANIAE P. Hennings. AECIDIUM CEPHALANTHI-PERUVIANA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 167. 1904. TYPE on Cephalanthus peruvianus (Rubiaceae) from Peru, Tarapoto, Sept. 1902, Ule- 3167. (0/Icv,?/?). = Aecidium aphelandrae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 44: 58. 1905. TYPE on Cephalanthus sp. (Mistakenly reported on Aphelandra sp., Acanthaceae. Host identified as Cephalanthus peruvianus by Sydow, 1924.) from Peru, Rio Amazonas, Tarapoto, Dec. 1902, Ule s.n.. On Rubiaceae: Cephalanthus sp., Peru, Rio Amazonas (Hennings, 1904: 167; 1905: 58). Rust species collected by Ule in Peru along the Amazon River are to be expected in nearby Brazil. Aecidium cestri Montagne, see UROMYCES CESTRI Montagne. AECIDIUM CHRYSANTHUM H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 71. 1916. TYPE on Boussingaultia sp., Basellaceae, from Brazil, Rio Acre, Alto Xapury, Oct 1911, Ule-3428. (0/I,?/?). Aecidium chrysanthum has been reported only from the type. Spores are variable in size, 24-42 x 15-25 m, ovoid , ellipsoid, piriform to oblong, wall 1.5-2 m thick, densely verruculose, and golden-yellow to yellow-brown (The Sydows, 1923). Joerstad (1956: 454) named Aecidium ulluci on Ullucus sp., another host species in the Basellaceae, from Bolivia, which had smaller spores with colorless walls.

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AECIDIUM CHUQUIRAGUAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 183. 1932. TYPE on Chuquiragua sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Campos do Jordo, 20 Apr. 1922, Holway-1743. (0/I,?/?/). On Compositae: Chuquiragua sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 183; Vigas, 1945: 74; I AC-3572). Aecidium chuquiraguae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, prominent, numerous in loose groups on discolored spots, 180-120 m high x 100-134 m broad, globoid, ellipsoid to oblong, with a loose fasicle of periphyses to about 45 m high. Aecia confluent in loose groups on the abaxial side of leaves in areas ca 1-2 cm across, yellowish; peridium short cylindrical, peridial cells 30-36 x 14-16 m, broadly rhomboidal, imbricated, outer facing wall 2-3.5 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 2-3 m thick, verrucose-rugose; aeciospores 28-36 x 22-26 m, subgloboid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick around sides, 7-15 m thick above, colorless, prominently verrucose (Jackson, 1932). A trait that helps to identify the species is the very thick wall at one end of the spores (Jackson, 1932). AECIDIUM CIRCINATUM Winter, Hedwigia 23: 168. 1884. TYPE on Jacaranda sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, January 1889, Ule-24. (?I,?/?). On Bignoniaceae: Jacaranda sp.; Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 291, the host published as Stenolobium sp.?). Santa Catarina (Winter, 1884: 168; Pazschke, 1892: 94; Hennings, 1896: 257), So Paulo (Puttemans-2358). Aecidium circinatum has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, rarely on the primary veins and petioles, on circular or irregular brownish-purple spots 2-10 mm across; sori short cylindric, up to 0.5 mm high, whitish with lacinate, reflexed margins; peridial cells firmly united, 25-42 x 16-25 m, outer facing wall 4-7 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 2.5-4 m thick, sinuate- or striate-verrucose; aeciospores 27-42 x 1826 m, oblong or cubical, often rectangular; wall 2 m thick, usually much thickened at the apex 5-10 m, nearly colorless (H. Sydow & P. Sydow, 1923). Winter (1884) published the host of the type specimen as an unidentified Bignoniaceae. Pazschke (1892) determined that the host was Jacaranda sp.. If Thurstons (1940) identification of the rust on his specimen from Minas Gerais is correct, the host must surely be Jacaranda sp., not Stenolobium. The differences that have been reported between the three species of Aecidium on Jacaranda from Brazil are shown below (modified from the Sydows, 1924). Key to help identify Aecidium species on Jacaranda from Brazil, Bignoniaceae 1. Spore walls thickened apically (4-)5-10 m, lateral walls (1-)2 m thick, spores 25-42 x 18-25(-32) m. Aecidium circinatum. 1. Spore walls usually not thickened apically, walls mostly 1-1.5 m thick, spores 2 (14-)16-20(-25) x (12-)14-18(-20) m 2. Sori mainly on stems and petioles, spores mostly oblong, 17-25 x 12-17 m Aecidium puttemansianum. 2. Sori mainly on leaflet blades, spores mostly 16-20 x 14-18. Aecidium jacarandae. We considered Ae. puttemansianum and Ae. jacarandae as one taxon because the differences reported between them do not hold up. Compresion of spores within a sorus may result in quadangular more elongate spores. Infections are not restricted to leaflet blades in Ae. jacarandae. We have collections that include small stem galls, petiole infections, and leaflet blade infections in the same material. Aecidium circumscribens Neger, see UROMYCES CIRCUMSCRIPTUS Neger. Aecidium circumscriptum Schweinitz, see ENDOPHYLLUM CIRCUMSCRIPTUM Whetzel & Olive.

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Aecidium cissi Winter, see ENDOPHYLLUM CIRCUMSCRIPTUM Whetzel & Olive. Aecidium cnidoscoli P. Hennings, see UROMYCES CNIDOSCOLI P. Hennings. Aecidium convolvulinum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis. Aecidium convolvulinum Schweinitz, not a rust. AECIDIUM CORDIAE P. Hennings in Sintenis et al., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 491. 1893. TYPE on Cordia bullata Linnaeus from Santo Domingo (Haiti), date not reported, Ehrenberg s.n. (0/I,?/?). = Aecidium cordiiphilum Spegazzini, Rev. Argentina Bot. 1: 95. 1925. TYPE on Cordia ulmifolia from Argentina, Salta: Sierra Santa Brbara, Jan 1906, ? Spegazzini s.n. On Boraginaceae: Cordia cylindrostachya Roemer & Schultes, Brazil (Sydow, Mon. Ured. 4: 120. 1924). Cordia curassavica Roemer & Schultes, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F9264), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 500). Cordia urticifolia Chamisso, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 500), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 256). Aecidium cordiae has been reported also from Argentina, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Haiti. Peridial cells 22-30 x 17-23 m, outer wall 6-8 m thick, striate, inner wall 3-4 m thick, verrucose, aeciospores 26-38 x 20-26 m, angular-globose to ovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 5-8 m thick above, closely and finely verrucose, colorless (The Sydows, 1923). Aecidium brasiliense, also on Cordia sp. from Brazil, has spores 20-27 x 18-23 m, subglobose to ellipsoid and angulate, wall more or less evenly ca 1 m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, nearly colorless. AECIDIUM CORNU-CERVI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 168. 1904. TYPE on Dalechampia sp. from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Marary and Bom Fim, Sept and Nov 1900, Ule-3080. (?/I,?/?). On Euphorbiaceae: Dalechampia sp. Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 168). Plukenetia sp., Par (IBI-16058). Aecidium cornu-cervi has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, uredinia, and telia unknown. Aecia on deformed branches transformed into xylariashaped horns, up to 10 cm long, densely immersed over the whole surface; 0.25 - 0.35 mm diam., peridium margin white, lacerate; peridial cells 25-35 x 16-0 m; aeciospores 15-19 x 12-16 m, subcuboid, cylindrical, ovoid or oblong; wall 1 m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, subhyaline. Hennings (1904B) included an illustration of Aecidium cornu-cervi showing a large witches' broom with many deformed branchlets up to 10 cm long with numerous scatterd sori. The branchlets resembled fruiting structures of some species of the Ascomycete genus Xylaria. Another collection, IBI-16058, is from Ilha Maraj, Par and the host identified as Plukenetia sp., a high climbing woody vine. Aecidium crotalariicola P. Hennings, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur]. Aecidium crotonopsidis Burrill, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 9: 190. 1884. = Aecidium splendens Winter, Hedwigia 24: 256. 1885. TYPE on Croton monanthogynus Michaux, Euphorbiaceae, from The United States of America, Missouri: Perryville, date not reported, C. H. Demetrio-sn. Hennings (1896: 257) misidentified a collection on Croton sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Santa Catarina, Ule-952 as Aecidium splendens Winter, a synonym of Aecidium crotonopsidis. This identification is incorrect because Cummins (1971) reported that Aecidium crotonopsidis is an anamorph of Uromyces graminicola Burrill whose uredinia and telia occur on Panicum spp. and has been reported only in North America. We have not been able to reidentify the Ule specimen (Ule-952).

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AECIDIUM CYTTARIOIDES P. Hennings (as "cyattaroides"), Hedwigia 43: 170. 1904. TYPE on Acanthaceae from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Marari, Sept. 1900, Ule-2819. (?/I,?/?). On Acanthaceae: Gen. undetermined, Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 170). Aecidium cyttarioides has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia on rough, ovoidal to variously tubercular, hard galls, 1-2 cm in diameter, that break through the bark on twigs; sori cupulate to more or lessd honeycombed, peridium immersed, brownish, peridial cells 22-26 x 16-18 m, oblong, or rounded-polygonal, about 30 m across, wall reticulate; aeciospores 10-14 x 8-12 m, angularly subglobose, wall ca 1 m thick, densly minutely verrucose, may appear smooth, colorless or pale yellowish (Sydow, H. & P., 1924; Laundon, 1964). . Hennings (1904) reported that the host of Aecidium cyttarioides is a climbing Acanthaceae vine and the rust induces galls on stems and twigs that resemble those induced by a species of the Ascomycete genus Cyttaria on Nothofagus in southern Chile. The specific epithet was misspelled in the original publication as cyattarioides. Aecidium dalechampiae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (70). 1899. TYPE on Dalechampia ficifolia from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, Aug. 1884, Ule-210 and Dalechampia sp June 1885, E. Ule461 (LECTOTYPE). The Sydows (1923) reported that the description given by Hennings is completely worthless because the sori are all destroyed by Tubercularina. AECIDIUM DALECHAMPIICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 80. 1904. TYPE on Dalechampia sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Museum park, May 1900, Ule-1098. (?/I,?/?). Aecidium dalechampiicola has been reported also from Venezuela, Belize, and Mexico. Only the type collection has been reported from Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Sori densely grouped on brown spots 1-4 mm across on the abaxial side of leaves; peridial cells 22-28 x 13-16 m, outer wall 3-5 m thick, striate to almost smooth, inner wall 2-3 m thick, verruculose, spores 17-20 x 13-16 m, sub globose or ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick, densely and minutely verruculose, colorless (The Sydows, 1923). Aecidium desmium Berkeley & Broome, see PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka f. Aecidium desmodii P. Hennings, see UROMYCES ORBICULARIS Dietel. Aecidium dichondrae Hariot, see PUCCINIA DICHONDRAE Montagne. Aecidium dichondrae Neger, see PUCCINIA DICHONDRAE Montagne. Aecidium diospyri-hispidae Vigas, see AECIDIUM MUELLERI Thurston. Aecidium distinguendum P. Sydow & H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA PUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway. AECIDIUM DOMINGENSIS Kern & Ciferri, Mycologia 22: 116. 1930. TYPE on Baccharis myrsinites (Lamarck) Persoon from Dominican Republic, Santiago: Diego de Ocampo, Aug 1929, R. Ciferri2524. (0/Icv,?/?) or (0/Icv,IIcv/?). On Compositae: Baccharis sp., Minas Gerais (Vigas & Teixeira, 1945: 51). Aecidium domingensis has been reported from Santo Domingo and Brazil. Because no peridia are reported for this species, this name should be transferred to Caeoma, if the lack of a peridium is confirmed. Lindquist (1958) did not include this name in his monograph of rusts on Baccharis.

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Spermogonia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves in small orbicular groups, punctiform, globoid or ovate, 150-175 m in diametrer. Aecia mostly on abxial side of leaves in orbicular groups 2-4 mm across surrounding the spermogonia, sori 0.3-0.4 mm across, long covered by the overarching epidermis; aeciospores 42-52 x 24-31 m, ovoid, sometimes pyriform, often angular and narrowed above and below; wall 1.5-2 m thick, sometimes thicker above 3-4 m, sparsely echinulate-verucose, colorless (Kern & Ciferri, 1930). Aecidium dugettiae P. Hariot, see AECIDIUM DUGUETIAE P. Hariot. AECIDIUM DUGUETIAE Hariot, Bull. Soc. Myc. France 31: 57. 1915 (as Aecidium dugettiae). TYPE on Duguetia sp. (as Dugettia), Annonaceae, from Brazil, Par: Belm, Oct 1913, F. Vincens s.n. (0/I,?/?). On Annonaceae Duguetia furfuracea (Saint Hilaire) Bentham & Hooker, Gois (IBI-16674), So Paulo (IBI16213). Aecidium duguetiae has been reported only from Brazil. It is very similar to Dietelia duguetiae, which also has been reported only from Brazil. Dietelia duguetiae produces leaf galls, Aecidium duguetiae has been reported to form only leaf spots. Without spore germination evidence, and there is none up to now, it may not be possible to distinguish between these two taxa. Spores of both species have well developed refractive granules. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves. Aecia on irregular brown spots on the abaxial side of leaves, sometimes covering almost the entire leaf, peridial cells oblong-polygonal, firmly united, smooth, spores 16-26 x 18 m, globoid, wall thin, smooth, nearly colorless. (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium ebenaceum Montagne, Syll. Crypt. Number 1151, p. 312, 1856. TYPE on Ebenaceae, genus undetermined, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Negro, Richard Spruce-(?1938) or s. n.. (0?/?/?/?). Aecidium ebenaceum has been reported only from the type. The Sydows (1924: 149).reported that perhaps only spermogonia are present and that this species cannot be recognized because there is no adequate description and the location of the type is unknown. Aecidium elongatum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA VERBENIPHILA Lindquist. Aecidium erigeronatum Schweinitz, see PUCCINIA DIOICAE P. Magnus. Aecidium erigerontis Kern & Whetzel, see PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur. Aecidium eriosematis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 103. 1895. Not a rust (Sydow, 1923: 339). AECIDIUM EUPATORII Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 258. 1899. TYPE on Eupatorium sp.from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Jan 1896, Ule-2129. (?/I,?/?/). On Compositae: Eupatorium pallescens DeCandolle, Mata Atlntica, Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1956: 462). Eupatorium sp., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 258). Aecidium eupatorii has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Sori on abaxial side of leaves on large circular, yellowish spots, spots reddish-brown above, and on stems, causing distortions, outer facing walls of peridial cells 4-9 m thick, smooth, inner facing walls 5-6 m, verrucose, aeciospores 20-26 x 14-23 m or 23-32 x 17-26 m, very variable, globoid, polyhedral or oblong, wall 1-1.5 m thick, very minutely and densely verrucose, even, colorless (H. Sydow & P. Sydow, 1924; Joerstad, 1956). Aecidium euphorbiae Gmelin in Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 2: 1473. 1791, nomen illegit., a pre Persoon name. On Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbia sp., Rio de Janeiro, (Hennings, 1904A: 80). Hennings report probably refers to UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck.. Aecidium expansum Dietel, see PUCCINIA MIKANIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway.

21

Aecidium glaziovii P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. AECIDIUM GLECHONIS Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 23: 34. 1912. TYPE on Glechon thymoides Spreng. from Argentina, Misiones: Bompland, Sept 1920, Spegazzini s.n. (0?/I,?/?), On Labiatae: Glechon myrtoides Saint-Hilaire,. Paran, (Joerstad, 1959: 69). Aecidium glechonis has been reported only from Argentina and Brazil. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves on small leaf spots, aecia on the abaxial side of leaves on the same spots, also on irregular tumors, peridium poorly developed, peridial cells rhomboid or irregular elliptical-rhomboid; aeciospores 28-31 x 24-28 (Lindquist, 1982), 29-39 x 23-28 m (Joerstad, 1959), ellipsoid or polyhedral, wall 2-2.5 m thick, with large verrucae. Joerstad (1959) reported that Spegazzini states that Aecidium glechonis may belong with Puccinia glechonis Spegazzini whose type was collected on the same host and locality as the type for the Aecidium glechonis. Puccinia glechonis has not been reported from Brazil. AECIDIUM GOYAZENSE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 101. 1895. TYPE on Loranthus sp. from Brazil, Gois: Serra dos Pyreneos, Aug. 1892, Ule-1909. (?/Icv,?/?). On Loranthaceae: Loranthus sp. Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 101). Phthirusa ovata (Pohl) Eichler, Dist. Fed (IBI-13208). Aecidium goyazense has been reported also from Venezuela on Struthanthus dichotrianthus Eichler (Kern, F. 1938. Additions to the Uredinales of Venezuela. Mycologia 30: 53). Hennings (1895) reported the Brazilian host as Loranthus sp. but the Sydows (1923) recorded it as Phthirusa ovata. Sori on hard galls up to 3 cm across on leaves and stems, peridium up to 2.5 mm long, cylindrical, whitish, outer peridial cell walls 8-10 m thick, striate, inner walls 3-4 m thick, densly , minutely verrucose, aeciospores 24-34 x 20-25 m, angularly globoid, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, finely verrucose (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Key to help identify unconnected species of Aecidium on Loranthaceae in Neotropica 1. Sori on galls up to 3 cm across on leaves and stems, outer facing peridial walls striate, aeciospores 25-40 x 20-25 m, walls uniformly 2-2.5(-3) m thick, finely verrucose. Aecidium goyazense, Aecidium loranthi 1. Sori not on galls, on circular hypotrophied leaf areas 3-5 mm across Aecidium struthanthi Aecidium graminellum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA GRAMINELLA Dietel & Holway. AECIDIUM GUAREAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 168. 1904. TYPE on Meliaceae (a lectotype must be chosen from the four specimens, including E. Ule-2677, originally cited by Hennings mistakenly as on Sterculiaceae) from Brazil, (?0/I,?/?). On Meliaceae: Guarea sp., Amazonas, ? Par (Hennings, 1904B: 168; 1905: 59). Aecidium guareae has been reported only from the original specimens cited by Hennings. Spermogonia unsure. Aecia on much deformed, systemically infected stem-systems, sori shortcylindric, peridial cells firmly unitged, 25-32 x 20-24 m, subquadric to rhomboid; spores 20-26 x 18-22 m, mostly angular subglobose, wall 1 m thick, minutely verrucose. (Sydow P. & H. Sydow, 1923; Batista, A C. et al., 1966). A drawing of one spore published by Batista et al. (1966) shows the apical wall thickened. AECIDIUM GUATTERIAE Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 34. 1897. TYPE on Guatteria sp. from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Ule-1830. (0/I,?/?). = Aecidium marayense P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 170. 1904. TYPE on Guatteria sp., Brazil, Rio Juru, Marary, September 1900, Ule-3086.

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= Aecidium rionegrense P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 166. 1904. LECTOTYPE (chosen here)on Guatteria sp. from Brazil, Amazonas: Manaus, July 1900, Ule-2782. = Aecidium huallagense P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 170. 1904. TYPE on Guatteria alutacea Diels from Peru, Oct 1902, Ule-3219 and 3220. = Aecidium uredinoidis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 44: 58. 1905. TYPE on Guatteria sp. fide the Sydows, (1923: 180-181), originally reported erroniously as on Sapindaceae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Jurua, Jurua-miry, E. Ule-s.n. On Annonaceae (as Aecidium guatteriae): Guatteria psilopus Martius, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 259). Guatteria sp., Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 34), Par (Hennings, 1909: 101). On Annonaceae (as Aecidium rionegrense). Guatteria schomburgkiana Martius, Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 166). Aecidium guatteriae has beren reported only from Brazil and Peru. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, numerous, at first brown then black in little whitish spots. Aecia on abaxial side, in irregular groups, short cylindric, on swollen, black or almost black spots 2-3 cm or more across; peridial cells 30-40 x 18-26 m, mosly isodiametric, loosely united, walls 3-4 m thick, outer wall striate, inner densely verrucose; aeciospores 17-25 x 16-19 m, angular globoid or ellipsoid, wall 1(-1.5) m thick, minutely verrucose, pale yellow (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Aeciospores 15-16 x 12-13 m, globoid, walls uniformly mostly less than 1 m thick, verrucae in bands around the spores, numerous larger refractive granules within the bands, wall smooth outside the bands (fide Hennen, Ule-3220). See Aecidium amazonense for discussion of species of Aecidium on Guatteria. Aecidium guttatum Kunze, see ENDOPHYLLUM CIRCUMSCRIPTUM Whetzel & Olive. Aecidium hibisciatum Schweinitz, see PUCCINIA SCHEDONNARDI Kellerman & Swingle. Aecidium hieronymi Spegazzini, see RAVENELIA HIERONYMI Spegazzini. AECIDIUM HOLWAYI H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 24: 97. 1932. TYPE on Spermacoce latifolia Aublet [ Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schumann] from Brazil, So Paulo: Santo Amaro, 27 May 1922, Holway-1893. (0/I,?/?). On Rubiaceae: Spermacoce latifolia Aublet ( Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schumann), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 97). Aecidium holwayi has been reported only from the type and one other collection from Brazil, So Paulo: Mandaque, 25 May 1922, Holway-1670. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, in the center of discolored spots or scattered between the aecia. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves, loosely scattered on discolored spots 1-1.5 cm across, infections not systemic; peridium cylindrical, peridial cells 28-32 x 18-21 m, outer facing wall 5-7 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 2-3 m thick, minutely verrucose-rugose; aeciospores, 15-18 x 11-13 m, globoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall less than 1 m thick, not thickened apically, almost imperceptibly verrucose, colorless (Jackson, 1932). These traits separate Aecidium holwayi from Aecidium borreriicola. Aecidium huallagense P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 170. 1904. Reported from Peru on Guatteria. See under Ae. guatteriae for discussion. Aecidium hyperici-frondose Schweinitz, see UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke. Aecidium hyptidis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA GIBERTII Spegazzini. AECIDIUM INVALLATUM P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 102. 1895. TYPE on Mollinedia sp., Monimiaceae, from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Jan. 1893, Ule-2000. (0/I,?/?). Aecidium invallatum has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil and the identification of the host requires confirmation.

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Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves on orbicular discolored spots 0.5-1 cm across, aecia on abaxial side of leaves in crowded groups to 1 cm across, peridium cupulate, peridial cells 32-40 x 17-26 m, irregularly rhomboid, outer facing wall 5-8 m thick, inner facing wall ca 3 m thick, densely verrucose; aeciospores subgloboid to ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, yellowish (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium ipomoeae Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis. Aecidium ipomoeae-panduranae Schweinitz, Syn. Fg. Carol., Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 69. 1822 (and Caeoma convolvulatum Schweinitz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 292, and Aecidium convolvulinum Schweinitz, l.c. 309. 1832.) . These names are based on Albugo sp., not rust. See PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis. AECIDIUM IQUITOSENSE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 166. 1904. TYPE on Psychotria sp. from Peru, Iquitos, July 1902, Ule-3194. (?/I,?/?). On Rubiaceae. Psychotria sp., Peru, Iquitos (Hennings, 1904B), Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916: 71). Aecidium iquitosense has been reported from nearby Bolivia and Peru and is to be expected from Brazil. Reports from India and Sri Lanka need to be confirmed. Spermogonia unknown. Sori mostly on locally systemically infected, slightly thickened areas of petioles and peduncles, deep seated, cylindric; peridial cells 35-50 x 22-26 m, oblong, rather loosely united, outer wall smooth, inner wall verrucose with obvious rounded warts; spores 21-26 x 19-23 m, angular globose, lateral wall 1.5-2 m, apical wall usually thickened up to 7 m, densely verrucose, almost colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium psychotriae, the only other species of Aecidium reported from the Americas on Psychotria, does not produce systemic infections, its spores are a little larger, 25-35 x 24-29 m, lateral walls 2-3 m, and apical walls to 12 m thick. AECIDIUM JACARANDAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (130). 1899. TYPE on Jacaranda sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Teresopolis, Jan. 1897, Ule-2796. (0/Icv,?/?). = Aecidium puttemansianum P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 3. 1908. TYPE on Jacaranda sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Serra da Cantareira, March [?]1903, Puttemans-676. On Bignoniaceae Jacaranda sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1898), So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 3; Puttemans 2378, IBI-14963). Aecidium jacarandae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia type 4. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves, on brownish spots to about 1 cm diam., often largely confluent, densely crowded, peridium white, lacerate at the apex, incurved; peridial cells firmly united, 24-34 x 17-22 m; aeciospores 16-20 x 14-18 m, angular globose or ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, nearly colorless. See AECIDIUM CIRCINATUM Winter for a comparison of species of Aecidium on Jacaranda. AECIDIUM JURUENSE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 169. 1904. TYPE on Unonopsis polyphleba Diels, Annonaceae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-Miri, June 1901, Ule-3087. (0/Icv,?/?). Aecidium juruense has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, numerous, dark brown; aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, densly grouped on large, dark, thickened spots up to 6 cm across, peridial cells 25-34 x 16-20 m, usually oblong, firmly united in regular rows, wall thin; aeciospores 16-19 x 15-17 m, globoid, subgloboid, to broadly ellipsoid, wall about 1 m thick at sides, 3-6 m above, minutely verrucose, subcolorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). The apically thickened aeciospores help to identify Aecidium juruense. Aecidium jussiaeae Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA JUSSIEUAE Spegazzini.

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AECIDIUM KIEHLIANUM Vigas, Bragantia 5: 76. 1945. TYPE on Senecio erisithalifolius SchultzBipontius, Compositae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Mun. de Cunha, Serra, 8 Dec 1938, J. Kiehl s.n. (IAC 2661). (?/I,?/?). Aecidium kiehlianum has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia globoid, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered in groups; peridial cells polyhedrical, 42-48 x 22-24 x 30 x 40 m, outer facing wall 6 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 4 m thick, reticulate; aeciospores 22-32 m, globoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, minutely verrucose, colorless (Vigas, 1945). See Aecidium senecionis-acanthifolii Dietel for note about similarities to that species. AECIDIUM LANTANAE Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 567. 1913. TYPE on Lantana hispida Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Colombia, Antioquia: near Angelopolis, 20 Aug 1910, Mayor-213. (0/Icv,?/?). On Verbenaceae: Lantana camara Linnaeus, Rio de Janeiro (Vigas,1945: 164; IAC 4817). Lantana lilacena Desfontaines, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 63). Aecidium lantanae has been reported also from Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America. Spermogonia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, numerous in groups; aecia surrounding the spermogonia, peridial cells 23-36 x 16-18 m, outer wall smooth, inner wall verrucose; aeciospores 16-18 x 18-21 m, globoid, often angular by pressure, wall minutely verrucose, with irregular smooth spots, colorless (Vigas, 1945). Arthur (1924) included Aecidium lantanae as a synonym of Aecidium verbenae Spegazzini but we follow Jackson (1934) and Vigas (1945) who considered these as two separate taxa. Aecidium spegazzinianum Saccardo & Trotter is a new name for Aecidium verbenae which is now considered as an anamorph of Puccinia verbeniphila Lindquist. Spermogonia have not been reported for Aecidium spegazzinianum whose sori often occur with telia, suggesting that these Aecidium sori function as uredinia. Aecidium lathyrinum Spegazzini, see UROMYCES LATHYRINUS Spegazzini. Aecidium leveilleanum P Magnus, see PUCCINIA MEYERI-ALBERTI P. Magnus AECIDIUM LINDAVIANUM P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 4: 120. 1923. TYPE on Cordia nodosa from Peru, Yurimaguas, Aug 1902, Ule-3242. (0/Icv,?/?). On Boraginaceae: Cordia alba (Jacquin) Roemer & Schultes, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 291). Aecidium lindavianum has bren reported only from Peru and Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, in circular groups on brown ish leaf spots 1-2 cm across; short cylindrical, peridial cells firmly joined, 23-28 x 18-22 m irregularly rhomboid, outer facing walls 3-4 m thick, smooth to nearly smooth, inner facing walls 2-3 m thick, minutely verruculose; aeciospores 17-20 x 15-17 m, wall more or less evenly 1 m thick minutely verrucose, colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Thurston (1940) identified his collection from Vicosa, Minas Gerais as Aecidium lindavianum because its spores were "quite small", 18-21 x 15-16 m, which is smaller than spores of Aecidium cordiae (26-38 x 20-26 m), or Aecidium brasiliense (20-27 x 18-23 m). AECIDIUM LIPPIAE-SIDOIDIS H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 183. 1902. TYPE on Lippia sidoidis, Verbenaceae, from Brazil, place and date not determined, Sello s.n. (?Icv,?/?). Aecidium lippiae-sidoidis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves in groups on yellowish leaf spots 2-4 mm across, yellowish, peridial cells firmly joined, 18-26 x 16-20 m, rhomboid; aeciospores 16-22 x 15-18 m, angularly globoid or ellipsoid; wall 1-1.5 m thick, densely and finely verrucose, subcolorless. (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923).

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AECIDIUM LORANTHI Thuemen, De fungis entrerianis observationis, p.99-102, in Lorentz, Veg. Norde. Prov. Entre-Rios, p. 101. 1878. TYPE on Loranthus uruguayensis H. & A. from Argentina, Santa Candidas, Dec 1875, collector uncertain, perhaps Lorentz. (?/I,?/?). On Loranthaceae: Loranthus sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1895C: 338). Phoradendron sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 257). Aecidium loranthi has been reported also from Argentina and Guatemala. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia subgloboid to hemispherical, on large galls up to 1.5 cm in diameter on stems, peridial cells outer facing walls 12 to 14 m thick, striate, inner facing walls 3.5-5 m thick , with large verrucae; aeciospoores 25-40 x 17-25 m, subglobose to ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick, verrucose (Lindquist, 1982) Aecidium loranthi is very similar to Aecidium bulbifaciens Neger from Chile. Lindquist (1082) placed Aecidium bulbifaciens as an anamorph of Uromyces circumscriptus. See Aecidium goyazensis for comparison. AECIDIUM MABEAE Thurston, Mycologia 32: 291. 1940. TYPE on Mabea brasiliensis MuellerAargau, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Viosa, 1 April 1933, Mueller-438. (0/Icv,?/?). On Euphorbiaceae: Mabea brasiliensis Mueller-Aargau, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 291; IBI-13173). Aecidium mabeae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, in small groups about 1 mm across, aecia on the abaxial side of leaves on discolored leaf spots 2-5 mm across, cupulate; peridial cells 36-32 m long, rhomboid, ends slightly overlaping, outer facing wall about 3 m thick, smooth, inner wall 4-6 m thick striate to tuberculateverrucose; aeciospores 27-35 x 20-26 m, broadly ellipsoid to oblong, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 5-7 m thick above, prominently verrucose, colorless (Thurston, 1940). See also Aecidium maprouneae var. maprouneae which also has spores with the apical wall thickened. AECIDIUM MAPROUNEAE P. Hennings var. MAPROUNEAE, Hedwigia 42: 168. 1904. TYPE on Maprounea sp. from Peru, Iquitos: Rio Amazonas, July 1902, Ule-3195. (0/I,?/?). On Euphorbiaceae Maprounea guianensis Aubl., Amap (Hennen & Soto: Fitopat. Bras. 22: 444-446. 1997; IBI 89-17, 90-28). Aecidium maprouneae var. maprouneae has been reported only from Brazil and Peru. Sori on hypertrophyed leaf spots 2-5(-10) mm in diameter; spermogonia type 4, on the adaxial side of leaves; aecia hypophyllolus, peridial cells 24-31 x 13-22 m, irregularly rhomboid, outer wall 4-7 m thick, smooth, inner wall about 3 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores 22-29(-31) x 15-18(-20) m, oblong to ellipsoid, often angular, side wall about 1 m thick, apical wall (4-)9(-11) m, densely verrucose, without refractive granules (Hennen & Soto, 1997). Aecidium maprouneae var maprouneae needs to be compared more carefully with Aecidium mabeae. AECIDIUM MAPROUNEAE P. Hennings var. NONCRASSATUM Hennen & Soto, Fitopat. Bras. 22: 444-446. 1997. TYPE on Maprounea sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, Amap: Vila de Maruanum, ca 15 km NW of Macap, 27 Dec 1989, Hennen & Soto-89-171. (0/I,?/?). Aecidium maprouneae var. noncrassatum has been reported only from the type. Aecidium maprouneae var noncrassatum differes from A. m. var. maprouneae mainly because the aeciospores are not thickened apically (Hennen and Soto, 1997). Aecidium marayense P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM AMAZONENSE P. Hennings. AECIDIUM MATTOGROSSENSE Juel, Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 22. 1897. TYPE on a large leaved Rubiaceae, perhaps Sickingia sp. in primary forest, from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Santa Cruz da Barra, ? 2 March 1894 ("2/3 1894"), C. Lindman-B513. (0/I,?/?). Aecidium mattogrossense has been reported only from the type.

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Spermogonia on both sides of leaves but mainly on the adaxial side, 80-110 , across, moderately numerous in each group; aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, cupulate, crowded on fuscous circular spots 6-12 mm across; peridial cells 30-44 x 22-26 m, firmly united; aeciospores 27-33 x 22-26 m, globose, subglobose to ovoid, wall 1.5 m thick, strongly verrucose, nearly colorless (Sydow, P & H. Sydow, 1913). AECIDIUM MEIAPONTENSE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 321. 1895. TYPE on undetermined Acanthaceae from Brazil, Gois: Meiaponte, Nov. 1892, Ule-1984. (0/I,?/?). Aecidium meiapontense has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on the abaxial side of leaves, 80-90 m across, few grouped in the center of light colored spots. Aecia loosely grouped on abaxial side of leaves around the spermogonia, spots about 1 cm across, cupulate, peridium whitish, peridial cells firmly united, 23-28 x 15-19 m, subrhomboid, outer facing wall 7-9 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 3 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores 16-22 x 15-17 m, subglobose to ellipsoid, wall 1 m, densely and minutely verrucose, subhyaline (Sydow, P. & H., 1923; Laundon, 1963). The description is inadequate to determine any relationship of this rust (Laundon, 1963). AECIDIUM MELANANTHI P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 41: (62). 1902. TYPE on Melananthus dipyrenodis Walpers, Solanaceae, originally reported mistakenly as Verbenaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Pico da Gavea, 20 June 1897, Ule-s.n. (?/Icv,?/?). Aecidium melananthi has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia evenly and densely covering the whole surface of somewhat deformed branchlets and leaves; short cylindric; peridial cells 24-30 x 18-23 m, firmly united; aeciospores 18-24 x 14-17 m, angular globoid or ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, minutely verrucose, sub-colorless (H. Sydow & P. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium mexicanum Dietel & Holway, see UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke. AECIDIUM MICROSPORUM Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 34. 1897. TYPE on Aster divaricatus Linnaeus, Compositae, from Brazil, Santa Caterina, Serra Geral, April 1891, Ule-1055. (0/Icv,?/?). Aecidium microsporum has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia in loose groups on both sides of leaves. Aecia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves on small distinct spots in small to medium groups; peridial cells 23-28 x 17-22 m, subrhomboid to polygonal, outer facing wall 7-11 m thick, striate, inner facing wall 3-4 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores 12-18 x 10-16 m, angular globoid or ellipsoid; wall 1 m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, sub-colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium mikaniae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA MIKANIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway. AECIDIUM MINIMUM H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 121. 1932. TYPE on Stevia urticaefolia Thunberg, Compositae, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, 6 Dec 1921, Holway-1366. (0/Icv,?/?). Aecidium minimum has been reported from one other collection from Bolivia. Spermogonia deeply immersed on both sides of leaves in dense groups on discolored leaf spots. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves in dense groups 5-8 mm across, these on purplish leaf spots; peridium short cylindric or cupulate, peridial cells 28-34 x 12-16 m, broadly rhomboid; outer facing wall 2.5-4 m thick, smooth; inner facing wall 2-2.5 m thick, prominently verrucose; aeciospores 12-15 m across, subgloboid, wall 1 m thick, finely verrucose, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Jackson (1932) speculated that Aecidium minimum might belong to the heteroecious species Puccinia eleocharidis Arthur with uredinia and telia on Cyperaceae. AECIDIUM MIRYENSE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 169. 1904. TYPE on Guarea sp. Meliaceae, from Brazil, Rio Juru, Juru-Miri, June 1901, Ule-2678. (0/Icv,?/?). Aecidium miryense has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, numerous, blackish. Aecia densly and more or less evenly grouped on the abaxial side of leaves on large, yellow-brown, irregular, not or slightly thickened, leaf

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spots 1-3 cm long; cupulate, peridial cells 19-27 x 16-18 m, subrhomboid, firmly joined, outer facing wall 22.5 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 0.5-2 m thick, minutely verrucose, aeciospores 14-19 x 12-14 m, subglobose to ellipsic, wall about 1 m thick, minutely verrucose to punctate, sub-colorless (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1923).. AECIDIUM MOMORDICAE Juel, Bihang K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 21. 1897. TYPE on Momordica sp., Cucurbitaceae, from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Palmeiras, 4 Jan 1894, C. A. M. Lindman s.n. (0/Icv,?/?). Aecidium momordicae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, not numerous, honey-yellow. Aecia loosely grouped on the abaxial side of leaves on indefinite yellowish spots, cupulate or short cylindric, peridial cells 30-46 x 1825 m, firmly united, imbricated, outer facing wall 6-8 m thick, striate, inner facing wall 4-6 m thick, densely and coarsely verrucose; aeciospores 23-27 x 18-23 m, globose, subglobose, or ellipsoid, wall 1.5 m thick, densely verrucose, sub-colorless (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1923). AECIDIUM MUELLERI Thurston, Mycologia 32: 292. 1940. TYPE on Diospyros sp. (mistakenly reported originally as Nectandra amara Nees, Lauraceae) from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Viosa, 3 Dec 1929, Mueller-39. (0/Icv,?/?). = Aecidium diospyri-hispidae Vigas, Bragantia 5: 75. 1945. TYPE on Diospyros hispida A. DeCandolle from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Fazenda Baleia, 19 Jan 1943, A. P. Vigas & H. M. Barreto s.n. On Ebenaceae: Diospyros hispida, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 292; Vigas, 1945: 75; IAC-4143), So Paulo (IBI-12056). Aecidium muelleri is known only from Brazil from the reports listed above Spermogonia on discolored spots on the adaxial side of leaves, in groups (2-)5-7(-10) mm across; becoming blackish, subepidermal in origin, not deeply embedded, 100-130 m high x 200-300 m wide, connical, periphyses not seen. Aecia on discolored blackish spots the abaxial side of leaves, in circular groups 2-8 mm across, 0.2-0.3 mm across, cylindrical, erect, peridium whitish, peridial cells 28-32 to 40-50 m long x 15-20 m wide, rhomboid, polygonal in face view, sub imbricate, outer facing wall 3-4 m thick smooth, inner facing wall 5-6 m thick, tuberculate-verrucose, aeciospores 16-23 x (13-)15-16(-20) m, broadly ellipsoid to angularly globoid, wall evenly ca 1 m thick, minutely verrucose (Thurston, 1940; Vigas, 1945). Vigas (1945) reported that the outer facing peridial cell walls were beaked distally, the beak overlapping the adjacent cell. See Aecidium calosporum for comparisons of Aecidium species on Diospyros. AECIDIUM NECTANDRAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 102.1931. TYPE on Nectandra oppositifolia Nees from Brazil,: Belo Horizonte, 26 Nov. 1921, Holway-1339. (0/Icv,?/?). On Lauraceae Nectandra sp., MinasGerais (Jackson, 1931: 102), Sao Paulo (? IBI-12396). Aecidium nectandrae has been reported only from the type and questionably from the collection cited above. Spermogonia scattered on discolored spots on the adaxial side of leaves, very large, 170-210 m across, globoid, deep seated, arising from below the palisade layer, finally rupturing the epidermis with ostiole as broad as the spermogonium. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, numerous, scattered on discolored spots 1-3 cm across; peridium short cylindric, firm; peridial cells 18-20 m long by 15-20 m wide, rhombic in cross section, outer facing wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 2-3 m thick, roughly tuberculate; aeciospores 23-28 x 16-20 m, ellipsoid to short cylindric, wall finely and prominetly verrucose, apical wall 3.5-5.5 m thick (Jackson, 1931). Aecidium obsoletum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur. AECIDIUM OCHRACEUM Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat. 1: 401. 1891. TYPE on

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Tabernaemontana australis from Paraguay, near Villa Morra, month not reported, 1893, J. D. Anisitz-141. (?/Icv,?/?). On Apocynaceae: Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacquin, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 492). Tabernaemontana sp., Brazil (Sydow, 1924: 138); Minas Gerais (IAC-5269), So Paulo (IBI14819). Aecidium ochraceum has been reported only from Paraguay and Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, on round, yellowish to brownish spots 0.5-1.5 cm across, densly concentrically grouped; cupulate, peridial cells firmly united, 24-30 x 18-20 m, rhomboid, wall 2.5-4 m thick, outer facing wall minutely striate, inner facing wall striate verrucose; aeciospores 24-28 x 21-24 m, ellipsoid to ovoid, often angular; wall 2-2.5 m thick on sides, 10-12 m thick at top, verrucose, more noticable above (Lindquist, 1982). Lindquist (1982) illustrated the spores of Aecidium ochraceum showing walls verrucose with the apical walls greatly thickened and more noticeably verrucose. These traits together with the identification of the host help to identify this species. Aecidium oxalidis Thuemen, see PUCCINIA SORGHI Schweinitz. AECIDIUM PACHYCEPHALUM Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 34. 1897. TYPE on Baccharis megapotamica Sprengel, Compositae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra Geral, Jan 1891, Ule-1054. (?/?,IIcv/?/). Aecidium pachycephalum has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia unknown. Infections systemic, sori cupulate, whitish, evenly, densely scattered on stems and singly on leaves; peridial cells firmly united but falling away, 25-35 x 18-25 m, rectangular to irregularly rhomboid, outer facing wall 2.5-3 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall about 7 m thick, strongly and coarsely verrucose; spores catenulate, 23-29 x 17-23 m, polyhedric, subglobose to ovoid; wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 7-14 m thick apically, densely verrucose, sub-colorless (Sydow,P. & H. Sydow, 1923). Because spermogonia are unknown, we assume the name applies to uredinia. The systemic infections and the apically thickened spores help identify Aecidium pachycephalum. Aecidium pampeanum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. Aecidium passifloricola P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA SCLERIAE (Pazschke) Arthur. Aecidium peiresciae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES PERESKIAE Dietel. Aecidium peireskiae P. Hennings see UROMYCES PERESKIAE Dietel. Aecidium pereskiae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES PERESKIAE Dietel. Aecidium pereskiae H. S. Jackson & Holway see UROMYCES PERESKIAE Dietel. AECIDIUM PIPTOCARPHAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 3. 1908. TYPE on Piptocarpha cfr. axillaris from Brazil, So Paulo: Serra da Cantereira, July 1905, Puttemans-1324. (0/Icv,?/?). On Compositae: Piptocarpha axillaris Baker, So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 3; P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923:52). Aecidium piptocarphae has been reported only from the type and is an anamorph of either Puccinia piptocarphae P. Hennings or Puccinia seorsa H. S. Jackson & Holway. Spermogonia on yellow brown spots 4-6 mm across the adaxial side of leaves, sori yellow-brown at first becoming dark later; aecia in groups of 2-8 on the abaxial side of leaves below the spermogonia, 1.5-2.5 mm long, cylindrical, yellowish, lacerate; peridial cells 38-65 x 15-25 m, irregularly rhomboid, outer facing wall 1.5-3 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 3-4 m thick, densely verrucose; aeciospores 27-40 x 20-27 m, ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, densely verrucose, verucae easily displaced (the Sydows, 1923). AECIDIUM POSOQUERIAE Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 6: 98. 1908. TYPE on Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge)

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Roemer & Schultes, Rubiaceae, from Brazil, Par: Marco, Dec 1907, Baker-80. (0/Icv,?/?). Aecidium posoqueriae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves and petioles in large brown effused spots, several cms. long and varying width, mostly along veins and around stems, finally becoming dry, peridial cells overlapping in fairly regular rows, outer wall very slightly striate, inner wall verucose, aeciospores 25-38 x 20-26 m, subglobose, ellipsoid, ovoid or oblong, wall 1.5-2 m thick on sides, 6-17 m thick above, subcolorless, densely verrucose (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Batista et al. (1966), in addition to the information above, reported peridial cells 35-45 x 24-32 m, outer facing wall 12-16 m thick, pregueada. The apically thickened walls of the aeciospores help to identify Aecidium posoqueriae. Compare Aecidium iquitosense reported as on Psychotria sp. AECIDIUM PRATAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 19: 57. 1927. TYPE on Amaranthaceae, genus undetermined from Brazil, So Paulo: Prata, 9 Apr. 1922, Holway-1716. (?/Icv,?/?). Aecidium pratae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia a few in small groups 1.5-4 mm across on the abaxial side of leaves; short cylindric, yellowish; peridial cells 26-32 x 16-20 m, rectangular, ends abutted, outer facing wall 6-8 m thick, transversely striate and finely verrucose, inner walls 2.5-3 m thick, coarsely tuberculate-verrucose, aeciospores 18-23 x 16-20 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall about 1 m thick, very minutely verrucose, appearing smooth. Aecidium pratae is not connected to Puccinia mogiphanis and has larger spores than Aecidium bonariense (Puccinia macropoda Spegazzini), which are 16-18 x 14-16 m (Jackson, 1927). AECIDIUM PSYCHOTRIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 166. 1904. TYPE on Psychotria sp. from Peru, Cerro de Isco, March 1903, Ule-3230. (?/Icv,?/?). On Rubiaceae. Psychotria sp., Roraima (Sydow, 1916: 72). Aecidium psychotriae has been reported also from Venezuela. Spermogonia unknown. Host not deformed, sori on orangish or yellow-brown spots on abaxial side of leaves, in small somewhat circular groups, deep seated, cupulate, peridial cells 30-50 x 28-35 m, angular, outer facing wall smooth, inner facing wall verrucose, colorless; spores 25-34 x 24-29 m, wall 2-3 m thick laterally, thickened at the apex up to 12 m, subcolorless, densely verrucose with large verrucae (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). See Aecidium iquitosense for a comparison to the only other species of Aecidium reported on Psychotria in the Americas. Aecidium pusillum Dietel, see AECIDIUM VERNONIAE P. Hennings. Aecidium puttemansianum P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM JACARANDAE P. Hennings. AECIDIUM RANDIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 259. 1896. LECTOTYPE on Basanacantha sp.(reported originally as Randia sp.) from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Tubaro, Ule--1211. (0/I,?/?). = Aecidium basanacanthae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 166. 1904. TYPE on Basanacantha sp. from Brazil, Rio Juru, Marary, Sept. 1900, E. Ule-2683. (0/Icv,?/?). On Rubiaceae: Basanacantha sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 166); Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 259 as Randia sp.). Aecidium randiae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, numerous , in blackish-brown spots. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves on flat or hemispheric galls 3-10 mm across or mostly up to 2 cm long, these hard, mostly drying black or gray, sori numerous over the surface of the gall, deeply immersed, cupulate, peridial cells mostly 50-60 m long, spores 20-28 x 18-26 m, subglobose, ovoid or ellipsoid (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1923). Hennings published the name Aecidium basanacanthae in 1904 to be used for Aecidium randiae published in 1896 in which he mistakenly reported the host as Randia. It should have been Basanacantha.

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However, the Code does not permit this kind of name change. Aecidium basanacanthae is a synonym of Ae. randiae as shown above. ? AECIDIUM RANUNCULI Schweinitz, Schriften Natur. Ges. Leipzig l: 67. 1822. TYPE on Ranunculus abortivus from The United States of America, probably Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, other data not available. On Ranunculaceae: Ranunculus bonariensis Poiret, Rio de Janeiro (Pazschke, 1896: 52). We believe that the rust was misidentified by Pazschke. Arthur (1918, 1920) and Cummins (1971) reported that Aecidium ranunculi is an aecial stage of Puccinia eatoniae Arthur, a rust of the grass genus Sphenophilis, known only in North America. Photos of the Ule specimen (number 2093, = 114) in HBG on which Pazschkes report was based shows Ranunculus leaves with numerous, closely arranged Aecidium sp. sori indicating a systemic infection. Ule made another collection of Aecidium sp on Ranunculus sp. from Brazil that is also systemic, and was identified as Aecidium ranunculi: number 1029 on R. flegelliformis from Santa Catarina: Tubero, August 1890. All collections of Aecidium on Ranunculus from Brazil still need to be identified. AECIDIUM RICKII P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Mon. Ured. 4: 201. 1923. TYPE on Zanthoxylum hiemalis Saint Hilaire from Brazil (Theissen, Dec. fung. bras. 191). (0/Icv,?/?). On Rutaceae: Zanthoxylum hiemalis Saint Hilaire, Brazil (The Sydows, 1923: 201). Zanthoxylum sp., Amap (Soto-92-101); Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 364). Aecidium rickii has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, in groups, numerous, shiny. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves, densely crowded in round or irregular groups 4-10 mm across, finally occurring over the whole or a large portion of the leaf, rarely on stems, cupulate; peridial cells 25-35 x 18-22 m, irregularly rhomboid, the outer facing cell walls striate, 3-5 m thick, inner facing walls verrucose, ca 3 m thick; aeciospores 20-26 x 17-21 m, subglobose, ovoid or oblong, often angular, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 6-14 m thick at apex, verrucose, subcolorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). The apically thickened spores help to identify Aecidium rickii. Four other species of Aecidium have been reported on Zanthoxylum spp. throughout the world: Aecidium zanthoxyli-schinifolii Dietel from Japan, Aecidium spissum Sydow from India and Burma with its peridium very poorly developed and is thus Caeomalike, Aecidium xanthoxyli Peck from North America, which is an aecial stage of the heteroecious rust Puccinia andropogonis, and Aecidium xanthoxylinum Spegazzini from Paraguay and Brazil, reported to be characterized by small aeciospores 16-18 m in diameter with colorless and smooth walls. We doubt that the spore walls of Aecidium xanthoxylinum are truly smooth. Aecidium rionegrense P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM GUATTERIAE P. Hennings. Aecidium rivinae Berkeley & Curtis, see PUCCINIA RAUNKAERII Ferdinansen & Winge. AECIDIUM SANTANENSE Lindquist, Revista Fac. Agron. (La Plata) 39: 144. 1963. TYPE on Vernonia squarrosa Lessing [= Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Kuntze) H. Robinson], Compositae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Municipio de Santana, 14 April, 1962, Costa-Neto (LPS-30620). (?/Icv,?/?). Aecidium santanense has been reported only from the type collection. Spermogonia unknown. Sori on stems in linear series parallel to the length of the stem on small, abnormal enlargements; peridium cylindrical; peridial cells rectangular, outer facing walls smooth, inner facing walls verrucose; spores 19-26 x 15-21 m, angularly globoid or ellipsoid, wall evenly 1.5-2 m thick, finely verrucose, colorless (Lindquist, 1982). Two other species of Aecdium have been reported on Vernonia in South America. Their sori are on leaves and not in linear series on abnormal enlargements on stems. Aecidium tarapotense P. Hennings, known only from its type from Tarapoto, Peru, has comparatively large aeciospores 30-40 x 20-30 m, walls ca 2 m thick, strongly and densely verrucose with large round verrucae and with rhomboidal peridial cells 35-42 x 18-24 m. Aecidium vernoniae, reported only from Brazil, has somewhat smaller aeciospores 24-38

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x 20-30 m, walls 1.5-2 m thick, subcolorless, verucose, and with elongated peridial cells 42-70 x 18-24 m. AECIDIUM SENECIONIS-ACANTHIFOLII Dietel in Neger, Ofvers, K. Vetensk. Akad. Forh. .56: 748. 1899. TYPE on Senecio acanthifolii from Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Rio Azopardo, 29 Feb 1896, P. Dusn-142. (?/Icv,/?/?). On Compositae: Senecio bonariensis Hooker & Arnott, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 63). Aecidium senecionis-acanthifolii has been reported with certainty only from Argentina, although there is the above report from Brazil and another from Bolivia. Spermogonia questionable. Aecia on orbicular discolored spots on the abaxial side of leaves, cupulate; peridial cells very loose, subrhomboid, outer facing wall 4-7 m thick, striate, inner facing wall 3-4 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores 26-32 x 23-26 m, ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, densely, obviously, and evenly verrucose. Aecidium kiehlianum Vigas on Senecio erisithalifolius Schultz from So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 76) is morphologically similar (Joerstad, 1956: 473). AECIDIUM SERJANIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 258. 1896. TYPE on Serjania fulta Gr. from Argentina, Sierra de Tucumn, Feb. 1874, G. Hieronymus & Lorentz. (0/Icv,?/?). = Aecidium serjaniae Spegazzini, Rev. Argent. Bot. 1: 100-101. 1925. Type on Serjana glabrata Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth (reported originally as Serjania fulta Grisebech) from Argentina, Jujuy: Ledesma, March 1906, Spegazzini-s.n. = Aecidium cardiospermophillum Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: (ser. 3, v. 12): 320. 1909. Type on Cardiospermum coryndum Linnaeus from Argentina, Jujuy, Jan 1906, Spegazzini-s.n. On Sapindaceae. Serjania sp., So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355). Aecidium serjaniae has been reported also from Venezuela and on Cardiospermum and Urvillea from Argentina. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves. Aecia on large or small discolored spots on the abaxial side of leaves, cylindrical, to 1 mm high, whitish, peridial cells rhomboid, outer facing wall smooth, inner facing wall striate-verucose; aeciospores 15-20 x 12-16 m, ellipsoid to polyhedric, wall 1.5 m thick, faintly verrucose (Lindquist, 1982). Aecidium serjaniae P. Hennings requires a neotype because the Sydows (1923) reported that the original material used by Hennings no longer had any rust on it. Kern (1938) suggested that Aecidium serjaniae is part of the life cycle of an unknown heteroecious species that gave rise to the very common short cycled Puccinia arechavaletae. Aecidium serjaniae Spegazzini, see AECIDIUM SERJANIAE P. Hennings. Aecidium singulare (Dietel & Holway) Arthur, see AECIDIUM BYRSONIMATIS P. Hennings. Aecidium smilacinum Lindquist, Rev. Fac. Agron. 41: 121. 1966. TYPE on Smilax campestris Grisebach, Liliaceae, from Uruguay, Dept Tacuarembo: Gruta de los Cuervos, 3 Jan 1960, Garcia Zorron2021; a new name is needed because it is not Aecidium smilacinum Tranzschel, Conspectus Uredinalium U. R. S. S., p. 140, 1939 on Smilax oldhami Miq. from Russia. (0/Icv,?/?). On Liliaceae Smilax campestris Grisebach, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist, 1966: 121). Aecidium smilacinum Lindquist is known only from the two specimens cited above. Spermogonia in groups in the center of dead spots on the adaxial side of leaves, aecia in circles on the abaxial side of leaves opposite the spermogonia, whitish, peridial cells imbricated, rhomboid, exterior facing walls smooth, interior facing walls verrucose-striate, spores 21-28 x 19-22 m, ellipsoid to ovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, verrucose (Lindquist, 1982). Aecidium solani-argentei P. Hennings, see DIDYMOPSORA SOLANI-ARGENTEI (P.Hennings)

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Dietel. Aecidium solaninum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA ARAUACANA Dietel & Neger. Aecidium solaninum Spegazzini var. laevis Spegazzini, see Aecidium solaninum Spegazzini (PUCCINIA ARAUACANA Dietel & Neger). Aecidium solaniphillum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis &Bartholomew. Aecidium spegazzinianum Saccardo & Trotter, see PUCCINIA VERBENIPHILA Lindquist. Aecidium spegazzinii De Toni in Saccardo, see PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur. Aecidium splendens Winter, see Aecidium crotonopsidis Burrill. Aecidium stachytarphetae P. Hennings, see ENDOPHYLLUM -STACHYTARPHETAE Whetzel & Olive. AECIDIUM STEVIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (7l). 1899. TYPE on Stevia urticifolia Thunberg (Compositae) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra do Itatiaia, March 1894, E. Ule-2085. (0/Icv,?/?). Aecidium steviae has been reported only from the type collection. Spermogonia few in a group in the center of brown spots on both sides or only on the adaxil side of the leaves. Aecia on irregular to circular, rufidulous to purplish spots 4-8 mm across, mostly in circular groups, on the abaxial side of leaves; cupulate, peridial cells loosely united, 30-40 x 20-30 m, rectangular to polyhedrical, outer facing wall 6-9 m thick, striate, inner facing wall 3 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores 2435 x 18-25 m, angular-globoid, ovoid or ellipsoid; wall 1-1.5 m thick, minutely verrucose, nearly colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). AECIDIUM STRUTHANTHI H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 19: 53 1927. TYPE on Struthanthus marginatus (Desrousseaux) Blume fromBrazil, Rio de Janeiro: Terezopolis, 30 Sept. 1921, Holway-1177. (?/Icv,?/?). On Loranthaceae. Struthanthus marginatus (Desrousseaux) Blume, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson,1927: 53). Spermogonia unknown. Aecia in groups on more or less circular hypertrophied areas 3-5 mm across on both sides of leaves but mostly on the abaxial side; peridium cylindrical, rather firm, erose, golden yellow; peridial cells 22-38 x 14-18 m, oblong or narrowly rhomboidal, outer facing wall 4-7 m thick, strongly transversely striate, inner facing wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, finely and closely verrucose-rugose; aeciospores 2634 x 18-20 m, irregularly globoid or ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick, very finely and closely verrucose, appearing smooth, pale golden yellow. See Aecidium goyazensis for comparison. ? Aecidium superficiale Karsten & Roumegure, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 23: 78. 1890. TYPE on undetermined host from Vietnam, Ououlu (Tonkin), "autumn" 1887-1889, B. Balansa . Rick's exciccati (1911:184 on ? Sterculiaceae: Melochia sp. or Tiliaceae Triumfetta sp.) that recorded Aecidium superficiale in Brazil is without doubt based on a misidentification of the rust Aecidium talini Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA LEPTOCHLOAE Arthur & Fromme AECIDIUM TOURNEFORTIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 338. 1895. TYPE on Tournefortia sp. from Brazil, Santa Caterina: Blumenau, Nov 1891, A. Moeller s. n. (0/I,?/?). On Boraginaceae: Tournefortia glaberima Salzmann, So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D: 296, Puttemans-345). Tournefortia paniculata Chamisso, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 77; IBI-2234, IAC-276).

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Tournefortia salicifolia (Gardner) DeCandolle, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 137. Tournefortia sp., Maranho (IBI-15626), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940, IBI-4632), Paran (IBI12152), Rio de Janeiro (IBI-13204), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1895C: 388), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355; Vigas, 1945: 77, IAC-1367). Aecidium tournefortiae has been reported also from Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America, and The West Indies. Vigas (1945) was first to report spermogonia for this rust. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, in small groups 1-4 mm diam.; aecia on abaxial side of leaves, loosely grouped or in circles on dark-colored spots 0.5-1.5 cm across, cupulate, peridium pale yellow, peridial cells 23-27 x 15-19 m, rhomboidal, slightly overlapping or abutted, the outer wall 3-5 m thick, minutely verrucose or transversely striate, the inner wall 2-3 m thick, closely verrucose , the markings often uniting and becoming rugose; aeciospores 17-24 x 13-19 m, globoid or ellipsoid, wall evenly 1(-1.5) m thick, very closely and finely verrucose (Arthur, 1924). Aecidium trichoclines P. Hennings, see UROMYCES TRICHOCLINES P. Hennings. Aecidium triumfettae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. AECIDIUM TUBIFORME Dietel & Neger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 13. 1899. TYPE on Berberis buxifolia Lamarck from Chile, specimen not cited. (0/I,?/?). On Berberidaceae: Berberis sp., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 258). Aecidium tubiforme has been reported also from Argentina and Chile. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, in small groups, reddish yellow at first, becoming almost black. Aecia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, in small groups of 2-10, also solitary, 0.8-1 mm long, tubiform, whitish; peridial cells firmly united, 30-40 x 23-27 m, outer facing wall 8-13 m thick, striate, inner facing wall 3-4 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores 21-27 x 18-22 m, subglobose, angular or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, densely and finely verrucose, nearly colorless. (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium tubulosum Patouillard & Gaillard, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew. Aecidium tucumanense Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA GIBERTII Spegazzini. Aecidium tweedianum Spegazzini, see UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway. Aecidium uleanum Pazschke, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew var. SUBSTRIATA. AECIDIUM ULEI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 167. 1904. TYPE on Diospyros sp. from Brazil, Rio Juru, Marari, and Santa Clara, Sept and Oct. 1900, Ule-2689, 3081, and 3071 (a lectotype needs to be chosen). (0/I,?/?). On Ebenaceae. Diospyros sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 167). Aecidium ulei has been reported with certainty only from Brazil. A report from Ethiopia seems to be a missidentification. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, numerous in groups, very black. Aecia scattered in circular or irregular groups on brownish or darker spots 0.5-2 cm across on abaxial side of leaves; short cylindric, surrounded by the blackened epidermis; peridial cells 25-32 x 17-20 m, 4-6 angled, firmly united, overlapping, upper part densely verrucose; aeciospores 18-25 x 14-18 m, irregular, angular-globose, ellipsoid or oblong; wall evenly 1 m thick, minutely verrucose, nearly colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). See Aecidium calosporum for comparisons of Aecidium species on Diospyros. Aecidium uredinoidis P. Hennings, see AECIDIUM GUATTERIAE Dietel.

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AECIDIUM USTERIANUM Spegazzini, Revista Mus. La Plata 15: 10. 1908. TYPE on undetermined genus of ? Menispermaceae from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, So Paulo Botanical Garden, Usters.n. (?/Icv?,?/?). Aecidium usterianum has been reported only from the type. New collections are required to determine the nature of this species. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia usually on pale indeterminate spots on the abaxial side of leaves, cupulate-cylindrical, whitish; peridial cells 25-35 x 20-30 m, ovoid to rhomboid, walls very thick, densely verrucose with large verrucae; spores 20-40 m in diameter, globoid to angular-globoid, wall thin, smooth, colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). The Sydows (1923) modified the original description reporting that the spore walls were smooth. This is probably a mistake! Aecidium verbenae Spegazzini, see Aecidium spegazzinianum Saccardo & Trotter (PUCCINIA VERBENIPHILA Lindquist). Aecidium verbenicola Spegazzini, see Aecidium spegazzinianum Saccardo & Trotter (PUCCINIA VERBENIPHILA Lindquist). Aecidium verbeniphilum Spegazzini, see Aecidium spegazzinianum Saccardo & Trotter (PUCCINIA VERBENIPHILA Lindquist). AECIDIUM VERNONIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 262. 1896. TYPE on Vernonia sp., from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, July 1887, Ule-655. (?/Icv,?/?). = Aecidium pusillum Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 34. 1897. TYPE on Vernonia sp. (reported originally as an unidentified Monimiaceae) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nov 1891, Ule-1821. Host identification corrected by the Sydows (1923). On Compositae: Vernonia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 262; Dietel, 1897: 34; Dietel, 1899: 258). Aecidium vernoniae has been reported only from Brazil. See Aecidium santenense Lindquist for a comparison with that species. Spermogonia, uredinia, and telia unknown. Aecia in irregular groups on adaxial, or rarely single on abaxial, side of leaves, in center of brownish, indeterminate spots 4-8 mm across, sometimes in rows along veins, cupulate to short cylindrical; peridial cells 42-70 x 18-24 m; spores 24-38 x 18-28 m, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, densely verrucose with large verrucae, nearly colorless (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium vernoniae-mollis Mayor, see COLEOSPORIUM VERNONIAE Berkeley & Curtis. AECIDIUM VINNULUM H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 360. 193l. TYPE on Byrsonima intermedia Jusseau from Brazil, So Paulo: Guarulhos, 30 Jan 1922, Holway-1511. (0/Icv,?/?). On Malpighiaceae Byrsonima coccolobifolia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, So Paulo (IBI-13378, -13381). Byrsonima intermedia Jussieu, Minas Gerais (IBI-13668, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 360; IBI13365, -14417, -14708, -14985, -15571). Byrsonima fagifolia Niedenzu, Gois (IBI-13320, -13331). Byrsonima spicata, Par (IBI-13250). Byrsonima sp., Maranho (IBI-s.n.). Aecidulum vinnulum has been reported also questionably from Mexico. Spermogonia in small groups in the center of spots on adaxial side of leaves opposite the aecia, subcuticular or intraepidermal in origin, flattened or broadly conical with ostiolar periphyses. Aecia in groups on discolored spots 8-12 mm across on the abaxial side of leaves; cupulate, small; peridial cells 28-36 x 14-16 m, rhomboid in side view, considerably overlapping, outer facing wall 5-6 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 3-5 m thick, finely verrucose; aeciospores 20-24 x 16-18 m, somewhat angular, broadly ellipsoid, wall 1 m or less thick, finely and inconspicuously verrucose (Jackson, 1931).

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Jackson (1931) suggested that Aecidium vinnulum might belong to the life cycle of a Crossopsora species. But our observations of this Aecidium species at Horto Florestal of Mogi-Mirim, So Paulo over several years revealed no connections to any other life cycle stage. Because of the presence of spermogonia, these observations suggest that it is an Endophyllum but no spore germination has been seen. Aecidium wittmackianum P. Hennings, see UROMYCES INDURATUS Sydow & Holway. AECIDIUM WULFFIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 166. 1904. TYPE on Wulffia sp., Compositae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-Miri, Sept. 1901, Ule-2686. (?/?I,?/?). Aecidium wulffiae has been reported only from the type. New collections are required to determine the traits of this species. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia in dense circular or irregular groups on yellowish spots 3-5 mm across on abaxial side of leaves, cupulate; peridium poorly developed, peridial cells not seen, aeciospores 17-24 x 15-19 m, subgloboid to ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick, ? nearly smooth, nearly colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). The description requires improvement because only poor material was available to the Sydows (Monogr. Ured. 4: 66. 1923). Aecidium xanthoxyli Peck, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 6: 275. 1881. TYPE on Zanthoxylum americanum . (Rutaceae) from The United States of America, Iowa, Decora, date not recorded, Holway-s. n. On Rutaceae. Zanthoxylum sp., Brazil, Santa Catarina, Tubaro, Feb 1889, Ule-1207 (Hennings, 1896: 257). This record is a misidentification because Ae. xanthoxyli Peck has been reported as an aecial anamorph of Puccinia andropogonis Schweinitz and only in The United States of America (Arthur, 1934, p.122). Cummins (1971) considers Ae. xanthoxyli Peck as a synonym of Aecidium pentastemonis Schweinitz, an aecial stage of Puccinia andropogonis Schweinitz. Perhaps this collection is Aecidium rickii. AECIDIUM XANTHOXYLINUM Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat. 1: 400. TYPE on Zanthoxylum sp. from Paraguay, Paraguari, Oct 1881, Balansa-3565. (?/I,?/?). On Rutaceae: Dictyoloma peruviana Planchon, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 292). Zanthoxylum sp. (previously spelled Xanthoxylum), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 292;76-576); Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 257; Jackson, 1931: 364). So Paulo (IBI-13858). Aecidium xanthoxylinum has been reported only from Paraguay and Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia densely grouped in concentric circles on reddish spots 5-6 mm across on abaxial or on both sides of leaves, peridial cells 25-30 x 20-25 m, rhomboidal, aeciospores 16-18 m in diameter, globoid, often angular, wall ?smooth, colorless (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1924). The spores of Aecidium xanthoxylinum lack the apically thick spore wall and are much smaller than those of Aecidium rickii, the only other species of Aecidium that has been reported on Zanthoxylum in Latin America. We doubt that the spore walls of Aecidium xanthoxylinum are truly smooth. Lindquist (1982) reported that he found no specimens of this species in the Spegazzini herbarium in La Plata. See Aecidium rickii for comments on other species of Aecidium on Zanthoxylum.

AECIDIUM XYLOPIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 100. 1895. TYPE on Xylopia sp.from Brazil, Gois: Catalo, July 1892, Ule-1921. (0/Icv,?/?). On Annonaceae. Xylopia aromatica (Lamarck) Martius, Gois (IBI-16671), So Paulo (IBI-12600). Xylopia grandiflora Saint-Hilaire, So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355). Xylopia sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895: 100, IBI-16671), Maranho (IBI-13297), Mato Grosso (IBI16758), Minas Gerais (IBI-12658), So Paulo (IBI-12619), Tocantins (IBI-13297), So Paulo (IBI-16889). In the Western Hemisphere Aecidium xylopiae has been reported only from Brazil.. Infections become locally systemic and produce large witches brooms. Vionnot-Bourgin (1953) reported this species

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from the Ivory Coast in Africa but he did not report the characteristic witches' brooms nor the bands of verrucae or refractive granules on the walls of the aeciospores in those collections. Sori on large witches' brooms up to 75 cm long, the infected leaves greatly reduced and thickened, discolored, and distorted; spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, numerous, evenly and densely distributed over the surface of the leaves; aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, densely and evenly covering the whole surface of the leaves, cupulate; peridial cells 22-28 x 17-20 m, ellipsoid to regularly pentagonal, firmly united, arranged in almost regular series, outer wall 4-6 m thick, irregularly striately, and minutely verrucose, inner wall 2-2.5 m thick, minutely verruculose; aeciospores 15-19 x 13-16 m, globose, angular globose or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick, subcolorless, irregularly densely and minutely verruculose in sinuous narrow, irregular bands, the bands with several large refractive granules, wall smooth in areas between the bands (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923; and our own observations). The peridial cells and spores of Aecidium xylopiae are very similar to those of Aecidium guatteriae but somewhat smaller. AECIURE Buritic & Hennen (anamorph), Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 19: 49. 1994. TYPE SPECIES, Aeciure crotonis (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen. Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 19: 49. 1994 ('Uredo crotonis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 99. 1895. TYPE on Croton sp. from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Uberaba, June 1892, Ule-1922. Sori lack peridia, spores in vertical rows, with evaenescent intercalary cells near the base of the sorus, spores with echinulate walls. The echinulate spore walls differentiate Aeciure from Caeoma. AECIURE CROTONIS (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, see ARTHURIA CATENULATA H. S. Jackson & Holway. ALLODUS (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 345. 1906. See Laundon (1965A) for details about the type species. Orton (1916) and Arthur (1921) used this genus for nearly 50 species that were formerly placed in Puccinia.. Arthur (1906) proposed that Allodus be based on a confusing mixture of variations in the morphological and ontogenic concepts of life cycles. In ontogenic terminology the species are long cycled and autoecous, both the uredinia and aecia, when known, have the morphology of the anamorph genus Aecidium. Aecia can be identified in herbarium specimens only if spermogonia are present. In morphologic terminology the species have no uredinia. Teliospores are two-celled like Puccinia. Uromycopsis is exactly parallel to Allodus except its teliospores are one-celled as in Uromyces. Later, Arthur abandoned the use of Allodus and Uromycopsis. Most of the species of Allodus are now placed in Puccinia and those of Uromycopsis in Uromyces. Allodus crassipes (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur, see PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis. Allodus graminella (Spegazzini) Arthur, see PUCCINIA GRAMINELLA Dietel & Holway. Alveolaria Lagerheim, Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 9: 346-347. 1891 (issued 1892). TYPE SPECIES Alveolaria cordiae Lagerheim on Cordia sp., Boraginaceae, from Ecuador. The genus Alveolaria includes only two species that occur on Boraginaceae in the Andes Mountain area of South America. Alveolaria duguetiae Vigas, see DIETELIA DUGUETIAE (Thurston) Buritic & Hennen. Angiopsora Mains, Mycologia 26: 126. 1934. TYPE SPECIES, Angiopsora lenticularis Mains on Lasciacis ruscifolia (Gramineae) from Ecuador. A synonym of Phakopsora, Phakopsoraceae. Angiopsora cameliae (Mayor) Mains, see PHAKOPSORA CAMELIAE (Arthur) Buritic.

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ngiopsora compressa (Arthur & Holway) Mains, see PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Arthur &
Holway) Buritic & Hennen. Angiopsora divina (H. Sydow) Mains, see KWEILINGIA DIVINA (H. Sydow) Buritic. Angiopsora phakopsoroides (Arthur & Mains) Mains, see PHAKOPSORA PHAKOPSOROIDES (Arthur & Mains) Buritic & Hennen ANTHOMYCES Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 253. 1899. TYPE SPECIES, Anthomyces brasiliensis Dietel on Leguminosae from Brazil. See below. Anthomyces has been reported only from the type species and the type collection listed below. The genus seems to be close to Dicheirinia and is placed in the Raveneliaceae. Anthomyces and most genera in the Raveneliaceae have teliospores with sterile intercalary cells. These are usually thin-walled and in some species difficult to observe. They are most highly developed in the genus Kernkampella which is specialized on several genera of the Euphorbiaceae and is most diverse in India. Only one species, K. appendiculata on Phyllanthus sp., occurs in the Western Hemisphere but it has not yet been found in Brazil. Kernkampella is included in Ravenelia by some authors. ANTHOMYCES BRASILIENSIS Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 253. 1899. TYPE on Leguminosae not identified, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nov 1896, Ule-2284. (?/?,II/III). Anthomyces brasiliensis has been reported only from the type. The teliospores of this species have unihyphal pedicels. Each pedicel has three to several distal, obvious, intercalary cells united to each other laterally. Each intercalary cell subtends a narrowly ellipsoid probasidial cell, these also united to each other laterally. The thin walls of the probasidial cells are lightly pigmented, smooth, and each probably germinates without dormancy to produce a well differentiated metabasidium. APLOPSORA Mains, Amer. J. Bot. 8: 442. 1921. TYPE SPECIES, Aplopsora nyssae Mains Amer. J. Bot. 8: 442. 1921. On Nyssa acquatica Linnaeus, Nyssaceae, from the United States of America, Mississippi: Jackson, 12 Nov 1888, S. M. Tracy-1200. Chaconiaceae (Cummins, G. B. and Y. Hiratsuka, 2003). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, slightly or strongly erumpent. Telia subepidermal in origin, exposed, composed of one layer, of colorless, thin-walled, sessile probasidial cells, or sometimes in the central part of a sorus vertical rows of two or three cells; probasidia germinate without dormancy to produce differentiated metabasidia. In addition to the type, two other species are known in North America: A. dicentrae (Mains & Anderson) Buritic & Hennen (' Cerotelium dicentrae Mains & Anderson), a heteroecious species that produces spermogonia and telia on Dicentra spp., Fumariaceae, and uredinia and telia on Laportea sp., Urticaceae, and Aplopsora tanakae (Ito) Buritic & Hennen on Amphicarpa sp., Leguminosae, reported also from Japan. Aplopsora lonicerae Tranzschel is reported from Far East, Russia, and Manchuria.

APLOPSORA HENNENII J. Dianese & L. T. P. Santos, Mycol. Res. 99: 915. 1995. TYPE on Qualea multiflora from Brazil, Minas Gerais. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Aplopsora qualeae Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 22: 332. 1998. TYPE on Qualea sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Mogi-mirim, Horto Florestal, 16 Sept 1976, J. F. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo-76-390. Anamorph Macabuna qualeae Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 22: 332. 1998. TYPE on Qualea sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Mogi-mirim, Horto Florestal, 16 Sept 1976, J. F. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo-76-390. On Vochysiaceae

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Qualea sp., Federal District, Gois, Minas Gerais, So Paulo (Buritic, 1998: 332). Aplopsora hennenii has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown, Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, often scattered over large areas, or single or in groups of 2-5, dark cinnamon brown, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, paraphyses peripheral, numerous, 25-35 x 6-9 m, incurved, wall thickened on outer facing side and apically 3-6 m, smooth, yellowish; urediniospores pedidellate, 18-22 x 11-15 m, reniform to ellipsoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick, echinulate on the convex side, with a smooth area on the concave side, cinnamon-brown; germ pores obscure, probably 2 subequatorial on the smooth side. Telia on the abaxial side of the leaves around the uredinia, subepidermal in origin, later exposed, waxy, colorless to yellowish, spores sessile, 14-22 x 6-10 m, ellipsoid, in one layer, central spores with 1 or 2 cells in a row, wall very thin, colorless, often allready germinated (Buritic, P and J. Hennen, 1998). Aplopsora hennenii can be identified by the brown, powdery, anamorph sori that are surrounded by numerous incurved paraphyses that usually have thickened outer walls, pedicellate urediniospores that are reniform, with evenly echinulate walls except for a smooth area on the concave surface, and probably two subequatorial pores that are often obscure. This is the only rust species reported on the Vochysiaceae. Aplopsora qualeae Buritic & Hennen, see APLOPSORA HENNENII Dianese et al. APRA Hennen and Freire, Mycologia 71: 1054. 1979. TYPE SPECIES, Apra bispora Hennen and Freire on Mimosa micrantha Bentham from Brazil. Only the type species has been reported . Raveneliaceae. The teliospores of the genus Apra have unihyphal pedicels. Each pedicel has two distal intercalary cells united to each other laterally. Each intercalary cell subtends one probasidial cell. The two probasidial cells are not united to each other. The walls of the probasidial cells are pigmented and each has a germ pore toward its base near the intercalary cell. Metabasidia have not been seen but they are doubtless well differentiated from the probasidial cell when it germinates. The aecia and uredinia are morphologically identical and belong to the anamorph genus Aecidium. The aecia can be identified as such only when spermogonia are intimately associated with the sori. APRA BISPORA Hennen & F. O. Freire, Mycologia 71: 1054. 1979. TYPE on Mimosa micrantha Bentham from Brazil, Par: 23 km W of Altamira on transamazon highway to Itaituba, 25 Oct 1977, Freire & Cardoso s.n. (O/Icv,IIcv/III). On Leguminosae: Mimosa micrantha Bentham, Par (Hennen & Freire, 1979: 1054). Mimosa guilandinae. var. duckei (Huber) Barnaby, Amap ( Soto, 1994). Mimosa rufescens Bentham, Par (Hennen & Freire, 1979). Mimosa guilandinae var. spruceana Bentham, Par (IBI-16023). Mimosa sp., Amap (Soto, 1994), Amazonas (IBI-17348), Par (Soto et al. 97-343). Apra bispora has been reported also from Bolivia and Colombia. The hosts are weedy, densly and sharply spiney, scandent shrubs, abundant in local places along road cuts through the rainforest. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular, type 7. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, grouped in somewhat swollen spots, deeply seated, the peridium erumpent, aeciospores catenulate, 21-26 x 20-23 m, more or less globoid, wall 1 m thick except 2-5 m thick apically, finely verrucose with intermixed larger granules except at the apex and base which with a smooth area, colorless, pores often obscure, (4-)6 in the equatorial zone. Uredinia when produced probably like the aecia but unaccompanied by spermogonia. Telia on the adaxial side of leaves in small groups, often concentric, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, blackish-brown, teliospores composed of two free probasidial cells, each with a proximal intercalary cell, both intercalary cells are attached to a singel hyphal pedicel. Probasidial cells (32-)34-40(-43) x 17-19 m thick laterally, 4-5.5(-6) m thick apically, clear chestnut-brown, obscurely verrucose, germ pore 1, basal, just below attachment to intercalary cell, pedicel colorless, thin-walled usually breaking before the apical cells. A few collections have only Aecidium sp. sori but without spermogonia or telia. These are probably uredinia. The sori are morphologically identical to the aecia of the other Apra collections that have spermogonia and telia. Without experimental inoculations with basidiospores that would provide evidence

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that aecia may develop without spermogonia, or without spore germination evidence that the spores might be teliospores of Endophyllum sp., it is impossible to be certain that they are uredinia. Argomycetella H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 23: 313. 1925. TYPE SPECIES Argomycetella pura H. Sydow. The genus Argomycetella is no longer in use and is regarded as a synomym of Uromyces. Argomycetella dolichosporus (Dietel & Holway) H. Sydow, see UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway. Argomycetella pura H. Sydow, see UROMYCES PURUS (H. Sydow) Cummins. Argotelium Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. internat. Bot., Vienne. 1905: 343. 1906. TYPE SPECIES Argotelium hyptidis (Tracy & Earle) Arthur ( Uredo hyptidis Curtis), this designated by Laundon ( 1975). The genus Argotelium is no longer in use and is regarded as a synonym of Puccinia. Argotelium hyptidis (Tracy & Earle) Arthur, see PUCCINIA GIBERTII. ARTHURIA H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 23: 463. 1931. TYPE SPECIES, Arthuria catenulata H. S. Jackson & Holway on Croton sp. (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil. Phakopsoraceae. See below. All sori without peridia or paraphyses. Aecia and uredinia essentially alike, powdery; aecio- and urediniospores borne in vertical rows, intercalary cells evident but evanescent, walls echinulate. Telia somewhat waxy, teliospores one-celled, borne in short vertical rows of two to five, walls thin, colorless, smooth. Germination without dormancy, metabasidia well differentiated. Besides the two species listed below, Arthuria micra Buritic & Hennen was reported from Mexico, and Arthuria columbiana (Kern ) Cummins from Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador (Buritic, 1998). All species of Arthuria from the neotropics parasitize Croton spp., Euphorbiaceae. Four other species are known from tropical Asia, three on Glochidion sp., Euphorbiaceae, and one on Asclepiadaceae. Buritic (1994) established the anamorph genus Aeciure for sori with morphology similar to those anamorphs of Arthuria species on Croton. It differs from Caeoma because the spores are echinulate, not verrucose. ARTHURIA CATENULATA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 464. 1931. TYPE on Croton sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Paineiras, 17 Aug. 1921, Holway-1046. (O/Ice,IIce/III). Anamorph Aeciure crotonis (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 19: 49. 1994. ' Uredo crotonis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 99. 1895. TYPE on Croton sp. from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Uberaba, June 1892, Ule-1922. This name is for both aecia and uredinia. On Euphorbiaceae. Croton celtidifolius Baillon, Rio de Janeiro, (IBI-l646), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 464). Croton sp., Gois, Minas Gerais (IBI-15881), Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo (Hennings, 1895: 99; Buritic, 1998: 327; IBI-13759). Arthuria catenulata has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia chiefly epiphyllous, sometimes amphigenous, subcuticular, conspicuous, gregarious in small groups of three to eight, punctiform, flattened -hemisphaeric or occasionally conic, often confluent, 3850 m high by 75-100 m broad. Aecia chiefly hypophyllous, occasionally arnphigenous, rounded or irregular, 0.3-0.8 mm. across, occurring singly opposite the spermogonia or in groups, and then often confluent and circinating about the spermogonia, early naked, pulverulent, golden or light cinnamon brown, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; without peridia or paraphyses, aeciospores in vertical rows, obovate or ellipsoid, 26-38 x 18-25 m; wall colorless, 2-3 m thick, sparsely and prominently echinulate, the pores obscure, perhaps 4, equatorial. Uredinia hypophyllous, like the aecia in appearance and structure, scattered or gregarious, often with a large central sorus surrounded by an encircling group of smaller sori; urediniospores

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like the aeciospores. Telia hypophyllous, scattered or gregarious, often with a large central sorus 0.6-1 mm. in diameter, surrounded by an encircling group of smaller sori, possibly developing in old uredinia, waxy or semi-waxy, at first golden-brown, becoming whitish on germination; teliospores in vertical rows, rows composed of 3-8 spores, slightly constricted at the septa, teliospores somewhat barrel shaped, 20-25 by 25-35 m, adhering, germinating at once and in succession from apex to base of row; wall thin, 1-1.5 m, colorless, smooth; metabasidium stout, composed of four cells, basiodiospores oblong, 18 -20 x 11-13 m (Jackson, 1931). There is no essential morphological difference between the aecia and uredinia or between the spores of the two stages. Both belong to the anamorph genus Aeciure. ARTHURIA DEMICYCLA. Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 22: 327. 1998. TYPE on Croton sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Campos do Jordo, 5 Nov 1976, J. F. & M.M. Hennen-76-561. (0/Ice,-/IIIcs). Anamorph Aeciure demicycla Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 22: 327. 1998. TYPE same as for the teleomorph. This anamorph functions as aecia. Arthuria demicycla, reported only from the type, is characterized by its lack of uredinia. BATISTOPSORA Dianese, Medeiros & Santos, Fitopatol. Brazil. 18(3): 437. 1993. TYPE SPECIES, B. crucis-filii, listed below. Spermogonia subepidermal in origin [Group VI(type5), Cummins & Hiratsuka, 2003]. Aecia immature, not described. Anamorph sori with long peripheral, palisade-like paraphyses, these adherent or united laterally to form a cylinder, whithin which the spores accumulate and emerge. Telia waxy to brown crustose in apperance, composed of several layers of thin-walled loosely or non adherent, single celled teliospores that are arranged in vertical rows, walls thin, not or lightly pigmented. The cylindrical palisade of paraphyses around the uredinia help to identify the genus, and is the basic trait for recognizing the anamorph genus Uredostilbe. Dianese et al. (1993) found spermogonia that they identified as type 5 [Group VI(type5), Cummins & Hiratsuka, 2003] and aecia too immature to describe. They placed the genus in the Phakopsoraceae, very close to Phakopsora. In addition to Batistopsora crucis-filii listerd below, one other species has been reported , Batistopsora pistila Buritic & Hennen on Annona nolosericea from Honduras and Panama (Buritic, 1999). BATISTOPSORA CRUCIS-FILII Dianese, Medeiros & Santos, Fitopatol. Brasil 18(3): 7. 1993. TYPE on Annona tomentosa Fries from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Paracat, 6 June 1993, J. C. Dianese. (0/I?,IIse/III). Anamorph Uredostilbe crucis-filii Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia. Cienc. 23(87): 272. 1999. TYPE same as for Batistopsora crucis-filii Dianese et al. On Annonaceae Annona aff. crassifolia Martius, Minas Gerais (Buritic, 1999: 273). Annona glaucophylla Fries, Gois (Buritic, 1999: 273). Annona tomentosa Fries, Minas Gerais, (Dianese et al., 1993:437). Annona sp., Gois (IBI-16682), Mato Grosso (IBI-16704), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14330), Minas Gerais (IBI-15962), So Paulo (IBI-16893)(Buritic, 1999: 273). Batistopsora crucis-filii has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia subepidermal in origin, 100-150 m wide, 75-115 m high in center [Group VI(type5), Cummins & Hiratsuka, 2003]. Aecia immature, not described. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, whitish to pale yellowish, paraphyses peripheral, (40-)75-80 x 7-12 m, flatcylindrical, tips rounded, somewhat capitate, walls pale yellowish, coherent laterally to form a cylindrical palisade-like enclosure; urediniospores sessile, (17-)20-24(-26) x (12-)16-18 m, ellipsoid to globoid, truncate at base, wall uniformly 1 m thick, finely, densely echinulate,pale yellowish, germ pores obscure. Telia subepidermal in origin, around the uredinia or scattered singly on the abaxial side of leaves, 140-160 m wide x 70-80 m high, lenticular, waxy, yellowish; teliospores (8-12) 14-18 x (5-)8-10 m, cubical to

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short cylindric, in vertical rows of 3-4(-5) spores, wall uniformly 1-2 m thic, nearly colorless (Dianese et al., 1993; Buritic, 1999). Bitzea Mains, Mycologia 31: 38. 1939. TYPE SPECIES Maravalia ingae H. Sydow Mycologia 17: 257. 1925. Bitzea is a synonym of Chaconia (Cummins & Hiratsuka, 1983). Bitzea ingae (Sydow) Mains, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. BOTRYORHIZA H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive in Olive & Whetzel, Amer. J. Bot. 4: 47. 1917. TYPE SPECIES, Botryorhiza hippocrateae Whetzel & Olive, see below. Family uncertain. Botryorhiza is characterized by its tightly packed, yellow-orange telia that are subepidermal in origin, erumpent, with one-celled, pedicellate teliospores that have walls that are colorless and uniformaly thin. No germ pore occurs in the teliospores. Metabasidia develop by apical elongation from a distal, nipple-like protrusion of the probasidial cell. The genus is especially characterized by haustoria that are irregularly globoid and lobed or botryose. The botryose haustoria suggest a close relation to Centrifuga, that also infects Hyppocratea sp. and other genera of Celastraceae.

BOTRYORHIZA HIPPOCRATEAE Whetzel & Olive in Olive & Whetzel, Am. Jour. Bot. 4: 47. 1917. TYPE on Hippocratea volubilis Linnaeus from Puerto Rico, date and location not reported, Whetzel & Olive-87. (-/-,-/III). On Hippocrateaceae (included in the family Celastraceae by some authors): Hippocratea volubilis Linnaeus, So Paulo (IBI-13371). Botryorhiza hippocrateae has been reported also from several Caribbean islands. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown, but see notes below. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, sometimes on both sides or on stems, usually from a localized mycelium, sometimes from a systemic mycelium on deformed young shoots, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, yellowish when young, without a peridium or paraphyses, teliospores (probasidia) 13-14 x 18-24 m, ovoid with a rounded apical protuberance, born as single cells at end of pedicel-like hyphae but often from a complex branching system of sporogenous hyphae, wall thin, colorless, metabasidium develops without dormancy by elongation from the apical protuberance (Olive and Whetzel, 1917; our observations). Bubakia J. C. Arthur, Result. sci. Congr. internat. Bot. Wien 1905, p. 338, 1906. TYPE SPECIES Melampospora crotonis Burrill, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) (Crawfordsville) 9: 189. 1884, on Croton sp. (Euphorbiaceae) from the United States of America. Bubakia is a synonym of Phakopsora (Cummins & Hiratsuka, 1983), Phakopsoraceae. Bubakia argentinensis (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PHAKOPSORA ARGENTINENSIS (Spegazzini) Arthur. Bubakia crotonis (Burrill) Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA CROTONIS (Burrill) Arthur. Bubakia erythroxylonis Cummins, see PHAKOPSORA ERYTHROXYLONIS (Cummins) Kern. Bubakia ulei (Sydow) H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PHAKOPSORA ULEI (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen. BULLARIA DeCandolle, Fl. Fr. 2: 226. 1805. See Laundon (1965A) for details about the type species. Arthur proposed that Bullaria should be based on a confusing mixture of variations in the morphological and ontogenic concepts of life cycles. In ontogenic terminology the species are long cycled

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and autoecous, both the uredinia and aecia when known, have the morphology of anamorph genera with pedicellate spores. In morphologic terminology the species have no aecia. Teliospores are two-celled. Arthur (1922) used this genus for nearly 70 species that were formerly placed in Puccinia. Later, Arthur abandoned the use of Bullaria and it is not used any more. Most of the species are now placed in Puccinia. Caeoma Link, (anamorph) Mag. Ges. naturf. Freunde 3: 5. 1809. LECTOTYPE SPECIES has not been chosen. The name must be conserved (Laundon, 198X). An anamorph genus. The use of Caeoma as an anamorph genus name has been confusing because traditionally it was restricted to aecial anamorphs, even though some uredinial anamorphs such as the uredinia of Coleosporium fit exactly the morphological concept of Caeoma. The genus rarely has been used for rusts from Brazil. It is characterized morphologically by sori that lack a peridium and that have a more or less flattened hymenium that produces catenulate spores. In some species the spores do not remain in columns but become irregularly arranged. In these species the spores are pushed out of the top of the sori and where they appear as a small mass. Aeciure differs from Caeoma because Aeciure has echinulate spores. Arthur (1924) reported that Caeoma is a "form genus" that he defined as "Species whose life-cycle is not known, or is not readly assumed from related forms...These genera do not represent the whole cycle of development, and are not based upon type species" Later, he abandoned this usage presumably in favor of using Caeoma as an anamorph genus in its modern sense. Caeoma anthurii Hariot, see UREDO ANTHURII (Hariot) Saccardo. Caeoma eugeniarum Link, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Caeoma hydrocotyles Link, see PUCCINIA HYDROCOTYLES Cooke. Caeoma mbatobiensis Spegazzini, see DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Caeoma negerianum Dietel, see PUCCINIA HENNINGSII Dietel. Caeoma pavoniae Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 36. 1897. TYPE on Pavonia sp., Malvaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Dec 1893, Ule-2045. The placement of this species in Caeoma is questionable because the spores may be pedicellate, not catenulate. Caeoma superficialis Spegazzini, see DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow. ? Caeoma theissenii (H.) Sydow in Theissen, Ann. Mycol. 8: 452. 1910. Nomen confusum. Reported to be on Dalechampia sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Rio Grande do Sul (Theissen, 1910: 452). This specimen is a species of Coleosporium fide P.& H. Sydow, 1924: 378 and the host is probably misidentified because no other species of Coleosporium has been reported on Dalechampia. Caeomurus cestri (Montagne) Kuntze, see UROMYCES CESTRI Montagne. CALIDION H. Sydow & P. Sydow (anamorph of UNCOL Buritic & P. A. Rodriquez), Ann. Mycol. Berlin 16: 242. 1919. TYPE SPECIES Uredo lindsaeae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 165. 1904. The anamorph genus Calidion was established for a rust species that produces sori with well developed peripheral paraphyses and has been reported from a few collections on ferns in Amazonia. It is caharacterized by its sori that have three well defined zones, two within a substomatal chamber and one suprastomatal zone. Within the substomatal chamber there is a basal pseudoparenchymatous layer about ten cells deep and a middle layer of a palisade of irregularly cylindrical sporogenous cells. Suprastomatally there is an upper zone composded of a circle of numerous, dorsally thick-walled, peripheral paraphyses that enclose the maturing spores that have emerged from the sporogenous cell layer. The sori appear to be on the leaf

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surface but they are not truly suprastomatal because the epidermis is partially broken around the sori. Superficially the sori of Calidion resemble sori of Desmella, but the sori of Desmella are truly suprastomatal and they do not have paraphyses. Two species have been published, C. lindsaeae and C. dumontiae. Buritic and Rodriguez (2000) published a connection between Calidion dumontiae Buritic from Colombia and a new teleomorph genus, Uncol Buritic & P. A. Rodriquez. Uncol is characterized by its suprastomatal telial sori that are morphologically similar to those of Calidion, and teliospores that are catenulate, and develop as sessile, blastic single cells. Buritic & P. A. Rodriquez emphasize that other genera of rusts in which the telial sori are suprastomatal have pedicellate teliospores. CALIDION LINDSAEAE (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow Ann. Mycol. Berlin 16: 242. 1919. (anamorph of UNCOL Buritic & P. A. Rodriquez), ' Uredo lindsaeae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 165. 1904. TYPE on Lindsaea ulei Hieronymus (Pteridophyta) from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-Mirim, Aug 1901, Ule-2998. Sori hypophyllous, more or less densely scattered or sometimes in groups, round, 120 - 220 m across, light to dark cinnamon-brown, surrounded by numerous, conspicuous, compact, pigmented, tubular to tubular-barrel shaped, mostly incurved paraphyses, 35-100 x 10-4 m, which are free from each other but 2-6 originate from a single, hyaline, thin-walled, stalk-cell 40-60 m long. Most of the paraphyses develop from the same place on the stalk-cell and spread out finger-like. A septum is between each paraphysis and the stalkcell. Paraphyses with a very thick out wall, a lumen often not seen. The barrel-shaped paraphyses are thickened only at the apex up to 14 m. Spores are globoid, ovoid, to ellipsoid, 20-32 x 18-25 m; wall 1-1.5 m thick, moderately to thickly echinulate, echinulae stout or fine; without visible germ-pores. The Sydows (1924) returned this species to Uredo, but we recognize it as an anamorphic genus characterized by its elongated paraphyses stalk cells and well-developed, thick-walled paraphyses. Calidion lindsaeae Sori hypophyllous, more or less densely scattered or sometimes in groups, round, 120 - 220 m across, light to dark cinnamon-brown, surrounded by numerous, conspicuous, compact, pigmented, tubular to tubular-barrel shaped, mostly incurved paraphyses, 35 - 100 x 10 -14 m, which are free from each other but 2 - 6 originate from a single, hyaline, thin-walled, stalk-cell 40 - 60 m long. Most of the paraphyses develop from the same place on the stalk-cell and spread out finger-like. A septum is between each paraphysis and the stalk-cell. Paraphyses with a very thick out wall, a lumen often not seen. The barrel-shaped paraphyses are thickened only at the apex up to 14 m. Spores are globoid, ovoid, to ellipsoid, 20 -32 x 18 - 25 m; wall 1 - 1.5 m thick, moderately to thickly echinulate, echinulae stout or fine; without visible germ-pores. The Sydows (1924) returned this species to Uredo, but we recognize it as an anamorphic genus characterized by its elongated paraphyses stalk cells and well-developed, thick-walled paraphyses. Calyptospora J. Kuhn, Hedwigia 8: 81. 1869. TYPE SPECIES, Calyptospora goeppertianum Kuhn on Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Ericaceae) from Poland. Calyptospora goeppertiana Kuehn, see PUCCINIASTRUM GOEPPERTIANUM (Kuehn) Kleban.

CATENULOPSORA B. B. Mundkur, Ann. Bot., London, N. S. 7: 216. 1943. TYPE SPECIES, Catenulopsora flacourtiae Mundkur & Thirumalachar on Flacourtia sepiaria (Flacourtiaceae) from India. = Newinia Thaung, Mycologia 45: 702. 1973. TYPE SPECIES Newinia heterophragmae Thaung on Heterphragma sulfurum Kuntze (Bignoniaceae) from Burma. Spermogonia type IV where known. Anamorph sori with periperipheral paraphyses, spores pedicellate. Telia with teliospores produced in laterally free vertical rows from sporogenous basal cells, these sometimes resembling a pedicel. (Buritic, 1998)

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Cummins and Hiratsuka, 2003, placed Catenulopsora as a synonym of Kuehneola, but Buritic and Hennen (1994) and Buritic (1999) recognized it as a separate genus. In addition to the two species below, Buritic recorded 9 other species from the Old World Tropics of Africa, India, Burma, Thailand, and The Philippines in an unpublished list. CATENULOPSORA HENNENEAE Buritic, Rev. Acad. Cienc. 23: 429. 1999. TYPE on Pouteria sp., Sapotaceae, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: N. of So Gortado, 16 Jun 1988, J. F. Hennen & Y. Ono-88243 (?/?,IIse/III). . Anamorph Macabuna henneneae Buritic, Rev. Acad. Cienc. 23: 429. 1999. TYPE on Pouteria sp., Sapotaceae, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: N. of So Gortado, 16 Jun 1988, J. F. Hennen & Y. Ono-88-243. On Sapotaceae Pouteria sp., Minas Gerais, So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 429). Catenulopsora henneneae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brown, pulverulent, hymenium flat; paraphyses peripheral, 26-40 x 5-9 m, curved, branched, 1-2 septate,dorsally thickened to 4 m, wall yellow, paraphyses in hymenium flexuous. Urediniospores 26-32 x 18-24 m, obovoid, reniform, wall 2-3 m thick, uniformly and minutely echinulate, yellow brown, germ pore 2-4, scattered. Telia not seen, teliospores in uredinia 12-16 x 14-18 m, ovoid to cuboid, lobed above, in vertical rows of 5-7 spores; wall, evenly ca 1 m thick, yellow-brown, smooth; germination without dormancy (Buritic, 1999: 23). CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic, Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 19: 465. 1995. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Rostrupia praelonga Spegazzini, Contr. Estud. Fl. Sierra Ventana, p. 83, number 387. 1896. TYPE on Pavonia polymorpha A. St. Hilaire, Malvaceae, from Argentina, Cordoba, Sierra de Ventana, specific location, date, and collector not reported. = Kuehneola malvicola Arthur, N. Am Flora 7: 187. 1912. TYPE, a Lectotype must be chosen from the specimens with telia that Arthur examined. Arthur (1912)described telia and teliospores but published the name as a transfer from Uredo. This is recorded below under anamorph but Cummins & Stevenson (on page 128 of A check list of North American rust fungi (Uredinales), U. S. D. A. Plant Disease Reporter, supplement 240; pages 109193,1956) treated it as a teleomorph name attributable to Arthur alone but they did not choose a lectotype. Anamorph Macabuna malvicola (Spegazinnmi) Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 19 (74): 464. 1995. Uredo malvicola Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Ci. Argentina 17: 124. 1884. TYPE on Abutilon sp. from Paraguay, Cerro Hu near Paraguari , April 1883, B. Balansa3887. = Uredo hibisci Sydow, Hedwigia Beiblatt 40: (128). 1901. TYPE on Hibiscus syriacus L. from United States of America, Louisiana: St. Martinsville, date not recorded. A. B. Langlois s. n., (Ellis, N. Amer. Fungi, number 2408 as Uredo of Uromyces syriacus Cooke). ' Kuehneola malvicola (Spegazzini) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 187. 1912. Based on Uredo malvicola Spegazzini, an anamorph name but see above under teleomorph synonyms. ' Cerotelium malvicolum (Spegazzini) Dietel in Englar, Nat. Pfl. Fam. II. 6: 57. 1928. Based on Uredo malvicola Spegazzini, an anamorph name. On Malvaceae. Hibiscus mutabilis Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 3; IAC-3968), Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, : 1945: 3; IAC-3683), So Paulo (Puttemans-1940, -1972). Hibiscus syriacus Linnaeus, Sao Paulo (Vigas. 1945: 3). Malvastrum sp., Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F18290). Malvaviscus sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 478). Pavonia brasiliensis Sprengel, Minas Gerais (IBI-13195), So Paulo (IBI-18104).

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Pavonia communis Saint-Hilaire, Rio de Janeiro (IBI-12827). Pavonia hexaphylla (S. Moore) A. Krapovickas, So Paulo (IBNI-16189). Pavonia sepium Saint-Hilaire, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 478). Pavonia speciosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 478; IBI-1648). Pavonia spinifex Cavanilles, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 478; IBI-12573). Pavonia sp., So Paulo (IBI-12096). Catenulopsora praelonga has been reported also from Argentina, Paraguay, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, some southern states in the United States of America, and the Philippines. It has been reported most frequently by the name Kuehneola malvicola. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, often numerous, scattered, subepidermal in origen, blister-like, then erumpent, 0.2-1 mm across, varying in size on different hosts, hymenium flat, remaining below the epidermis, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; paraphyses peripheral, few, not reaching above the spore mass, 45-60 x 9-13 m cylindrical, often slightly curved, wall uniformly ca 1 m or less thin, colorless, smooth; urediniospores 20-28 x 16-22 m, ellipsoid to broadly obovoid or globlid; wall 1-1.5 m thick, golden-yellow, finely, closely echinulate, pores 2-3, more or less around or slightly above the ecuator. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, few, scattered, pulvinate, dark cinnamon-brown, latter gray-white by germination, teliospores 77-150 x 15-19 m, cylindrical, rounded above, tapering below, slightly constricted at septa, composed of rows of 6-10 probasidial cells, these 14-22 x 12-18 m, wall more or less uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, light golden yellow, germ pore 1 in each cell, near the distal edge of the cell, pedicel not produced (Arthur, 1912, Buritic, 199).

CEROTELIUM J. C. Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 30. 1906. (as Ceratelium) TYPE SPECIES Cerotelium canavaliae Arthur on Canavalia ensiformis (Leguminosae) from Puerto Rico. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, hemispherical to lenticular, surrounded by irregular hyphoid tissue; probasidial cells (teliospores) one-celled, produced one after another from hymenium of teliosporogenous cells in a basal layer, teliospores usually not, or only temporarly, adherent in rows, thus mostly irregularly arranged in the upper part of the sorus; usually waxy when young, intercalary cells absent; mature spores in upper part of sorus with thin, unpigmented walls, germinate without dormancy and collapse, thus forming an irregular mass of collapsed pro- and metabasidial cells and basidiospores at the top of the sori. Anamorphs belong to the genera Malupa, Physopella, and Uredendo. Spermogonia are unknown for all Neotropical species but have been reported to be in group VI, type 7 (Cummins & Hiratsuka, 2003) for at least one Paleotropic species. Family Phakopsoraceae (Buritic, 1999). At least 10 species of Cerotelium have been reported from the Old World, All of the other 10 species of Cerotelium reported from the Neotropics, except Cerotelim canavaliae on Canavalia sp., Leguminosae, from the Antilles, have been reported from Brazil (Buritic, 1999).

Key to help identify species of Cerotelium in the Neotropics (modified from Buritic, 1999) 1. Only telia and teliospores present 2. 1. Anamorphs produced 3. 2. Telial hymenium flat, teliospores embeded in a gelatinlus matrix, on Annonaceae, Xylopia Cerotelium xylopiae Buritic & Hennen. 2. Telial hymenium concave, teliospores without a gelatinous matrix, on Onagraceae, Cerotelium mariae Buritic & Hennen. Ludwigia sp. 3. Anamorph without peripheral structures (Uredendo), on Rubiaceae, Randia. Cerotelium figueiredeae Buritic & Hennen. 3. Anamorph with peripheral structures (Milesia or Physopella) 4. 4. Anamorph in Milesia 5. 4. Anamorph in Physopella 6. 5. Telia deeply embeded in the host tissue, hymenium concave, on Leguminosae, Canavalia. From Puerto Cerotelium canavaliae Arthur. Rico, unknown in Brazil

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5. Telia subewpidermal, hymenium flat, on Caryocaraceae, Caryocar. Cerotelium giacomettii Dianese et al. 6. Paraphyses in Physopella septate 7. 6. Paraphyses in Physopella not septate 8. Cerotelium nuxae Buritic & Hennen. 7. On Lecythidaceae, Eschweilera Cerotelium ficicola Buritic & Hennen. 7. On Moraceae, Ficus 8. Peripheral paraphyses thickened dorsally, on Rubiaceae, Sabicea Cerotelium sabiceae Buritic & Hennen. 8. Peripheral paraphyses not thickened dorsally 9. 9. Anamorph (Physopella) hymenium concave, telia small, cup-like, on Polygonaceae, Coccoloba Cerotelium coccolobae Buritic & Hennen. 9. Anamorph (Physopella) hymenium flat, telia evident, erumpent, becoming dark and irregular, on Cerotelium rectangulata Buritic & Hennen Marantaceae Cerotelium bignoniacearum Dale, see PHRAGMIDIELLA BIGNONIACEARUM (Dale) Buritic & Hennen. CEROTELIUM COCCOLOBAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 421. 1999. TYPE on Coccoloba sp. from Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul: Coxim, Iate Clube Rioverde, 18 April 1983, J.F. Hennen, M.M. Hennen & R. Antunes-83-224 (IBI-14376). (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Physopella coccolobae (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 421. 1999. ' Uredo coccolobae Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 253. 1896. TYPE on Coccoloba populifolia Weddel from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sept 1887, Ule-728. On Polygonaceae. Coccoloba populifolia Weddell, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 253; PUR-F8870). Coccoloba sp., Mato Grosso do Sul (the type cited above), Rio Acre (Sydow, H. & P., 1916, as Uredo coccolobae); Peru, Seringal, S. Francisco, Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916: 72). Cerotelium coccolobae has been reported only from Brazil and Peru. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves. usually in circular groups, yellowish to pale cinnamon-brown, originating deep within host tissue, erumpent, ruptured epidermis noticeable, hymenium concave, parayphyses peripheral and in the hymenium, 26-43 x 6-11 m, cylindrical, flexuous, wall evenly 1-1.5 m thick, colorless; urediniospores sessile, 20-24 x 15-18 m, obovoid to ellipsoid, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, with numerous, closely placed echinulae, yellowish to pale cinnamon-brown, germ pores obscure, aparently more than 3, scattered. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, in groups in or around the uredinia, cupulate at first, later irregularly 3-lobed, growth determinate, with 3-5 layers of spores, waxy at first, turning whitish by formation of metabasidia and basidiospores; teliospores 1721 x 14-16 m, ellipsoid to cylindrical, originating one after the other, cohering in vertical rows in central part of sorus, not cohering in lateral part and becoming irregularly arranged, wall uniformly 1 m thick, colorless, germinating without dormancy. The lobed telia aid in identifying this species. Malupa uvifera (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen (' Uredo uvifera Sydow), whose teleomorph is unknown, is another anamorph that infects Coccoloba uvifera (Linneaus) Jacquin in the West Indies and Venezuela (reported as Uredo coccolobae on Coccoloba uvifera by Kern, F. D. et al., 1934: 293). Cerotelium desmium (Berkeley & Broome) Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka f. Cerotelium fici (Cast.) Arthur see PHAKOPSORA NISHIDANA Ito. Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur Although Butler published Kuehneola fici Butler on Ficus glomerata as a new combination, "Kuehneola fici (Cast.) Butler", from the basionym Uredo fici Cast., he included a description of an anamorph and a teleomorph. Because of the inclusion of a reference to a teleomorph specimen and a teleomorph

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description, the name is treated as a new species atributed to Butler alone. We believe this rust, which is known only from India, is properly placed as Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur but with the concept of Cerotelium as defined by Buritic and Hennen (199x). Neither Kuehneola fici Butler nor Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur apply to the common fig rust, Phakopsora nishidana S. Ito, which is widely distrbuted on cultivated fig, Ficus carica. See Phakopsora nishidana for other notes. CEROTELIUM FICICOLA Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. 23: 417. 1999. TYPE on Ficus sp. from Trinidad, North Coast Road, 27 Jan 1952, R. E. D. Baker-2482. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Physopella ficicola (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. 23: 417. 1999. ' Uredo ficicola Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 120. 1883. TYPE on Ficus sp. from Paraguay, Cordillera de Peribebuy, July 1883, B. Balansa-3881. = Uredo ficina Juel, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 25. 1897. TYPE on Ficus sp. from Paraguay: San Antonio, July 1893, Lindman-80. ' Physopella ficina (Juel) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 103. 1907. = Uredo fici var. guarapaensis Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17(3): 120. 1884. TYPE on Ficus ibapohy Martius from Paraguay, near Guarapi, May 1881, Balansa-4122. On Moraceae Ficus ibapohy Martius, So Paulo (Jackson, 1927: 52; Britic, 1999: 418; IBI-1647). Cerotelium ficicola has been reported also from Paraguay, Ecuador, The West Indies, and Central America. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, cinnamon-brown, subepidermal in origin, ruptured epidermis noticeable; paraphyses peripheral, 35-39 x 7-10 m, curved, septate, wall thickend on the concave side to 4 m, yellow, urediniospores sessile, 24-30 x 18-23 m, ellipsoid to globoid, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, with sharp, prominent echinulae, pale yellow, germ pores 3-5, scattered. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, subepidermal in origin, hemispherical, with 4-6 layers of spores irregularly arranged, waxy at first, later whitish by germination; teliospores 24-31 x 11-15 m, irregular in shape, from cuboid to ellipsoid, wall uniformly less than 1 m thick, colorless, germinating without dormancy (Buritic, 1999: 417). The globoid urediniospores with cinnamon-brown, prominently echinulate walls with sharp pointed espines and evident 3-5 scattered germ pores, aid in identification of this species. Using the name Uredo ficina Juel, Laundon (1971) reported the anamorph of this species on seven species of Ficus and from Brazil, Paraguay, Trinidad, Guatemala, and Puerto Rico. His reports from Florida and Michigan in The United States of America are mistakes. This rust does not occur on the commonly cultivated edible fig, Ficus carica. CEROTELIUM FIGUEIREDEAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 419. 1999. TYPE on Randia sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: near Conchal, Fazenda Campinha, 27 June 1988, J. F. Hennen, R. M. Lopez-Franco & A. A. de Carvalho, Jr.-88-355. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Uredendo figueiredeae Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 419. 1999. TYPE same as for the teleomorph. On Rubiaceae Randia sp., So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 419, IBI-16466). Cerotelium figueiredeae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, but mostly on the adaxial side, scattered, whitish to yellowish, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, hymenium flat, growth indeterminate; paraphyses 21-35 x 9-11 m, intrasoral, wall uniformly 1-2 m thick, colorless; urediniospores sessile, 2024(-29) x 16-19 m, obovoid to ellipsoid; wall uniformly about 1 m thick, yellowish to pale cinnamonbrown, echinulate, spines prominant and abundant, germ pores obscure. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, around or in the uredinia, waxy, hemispherical, cinnamon-brown, becoming whitish by germination, hymenium flat, growth indeterminate, teliospores 17-23 x 11-13 m, irregularly arranged, 2-4 spores deep; wall 1 m thick, colorless, germination without dormancy.

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CEROTELIUM GIACOMETTII J. C. Dianese, Santos, & Medeiros in J. C. Dianese et al., Fitopatol. Bras. 18: 444. 1993. TYPE on Caryocar brasiliense Cambessades from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Buritis, 31 May 1993, Dianese-4008. (?/?,IIse/III). On Caryocaraceae Caryocar brasiliense Cambessades, Minas Gerais (Dianese et al., 1993: 444; Buritic, 1999: 420; IBI-15963), So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 420; IBI-14292). Cerotelium giacomettii, the only rust known on the family Caryocaraceae, has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves in groups on chlorotic spots, sori subepicermal in origin, opening by a pore, round in outline, yellowish to cinnamon-brown, hymenium flat; peridium hyphoid; spores sessile, 29-33(-37) x 19-22 m, ellipsoid; wall ujiformly 1.5-3 m thick, yellowish, with small scattered spines, germ pores obscure. Telia like the uredinia but waxy, becoming whitish by germination, hemispheric to columnar, erumpent, growth determinate, hymenium flat, teliospores 26-30(-33) x 9-11(-14) m, obovoid to ellipsoid, free from each other, in 2-4 layers, irregularly arrange in the upper part of the sorus but sometimes a few remaining in vertical rows in the base; wall uniformly 0.5 m thick, colorless, germination without dormancy (Dianese et al., 1993: 444). Hennings (1904: 162) mistakenly reported an Ule specimen from Peru as Uredo uberabensis. The host of this Peru specimen is probably Byrsonima sp. (Malpighiaceae) and the rust is not Milesia uberabensis (' Uredo uberabensis). Cerotelium holwayi H. S. Jackson, see PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic. CEROTELIUM MARIAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 418. 1999. TYPE on Ludwigia sp., Onagraceae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: 10 km N junction of highway to Union on highway to Torres, 2 Dec 1976, J. Hennen & Mary M. Hennen-76-764. (?/?,II/III). Cerotelium mariae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side. in circular groups on well defined discolored leaf spots, sori subepidermal in origin, erumpent, open, hemispheric, waxy, yellowish to orangish, growth determinate, coalescent, hymenium intraepidermal, concave; teliospores 18-30 x 7-14 m, cuboid to oblong-ellipsoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick, colorless to yellowish, distal spores with apical walls irregularly 3-4 m thick, spores in 4-6 layers, irregularly arranged in distal part of sorus, in more or less regular vertical rows in the lower part. Cerotelium malvicola (Spegazzini) Dietel, see CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen. Cerotelium minutum Arthur. see PHRAGMIDIELLA MINUTA (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen. CEROTELIUM NUXAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 421. 1999. TYPE on Eschweilera jaranae (Hubbard) Ducke, Lecythidaceae, from Brazil, Par: Belm, Black Biological Forest Preserve, 27 Nov 1977, J.F. Hennen & Mary M. Hennen-77-285. (?/?,IIe/III). Anamorph Physopella jaranae (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 421. 1999. ' Uredo jaranae Albuquerque, Pesq. Agrop. Brasil Ser, Agron. 6: 141. 1971. TYPE on Eschweilera jaranae (Hubbard) Ducke, Lecythidaceae, from Brazil, Par: Belm, 27 Jan 1962, Albuquerque s.n. Cerotelium nuxae has been reported only from the two specimens cited above from Brazil on Lecythidaceae. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side, in circular groups on yellowish chlorotic spots, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, ruptured epidermis noticeable, hymenium flat and subepidermal when young, latter deep in host tissue and concave, paraphyses 24-40 x 1220 m, peripheral and intra soral, septate, cylindrical, capitate, numerous, wall 3-6 m thick apically, colorless; urediniospores pseudopedicelate, 24-40 x 16-24 m, reniform to ellipsoid, wall 0.5 m thick,

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echinulate, pale cinnamon-brown, germ pores 2-3, supraequatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, around the uredinia, erumpent, hemispheric, waxy, whitish to yellowish, determinate growth, with 4-6 layers of spores, hymenium subepidermal, concave, teliospores originate in vertical rows, latter irregularly arranged, free, ellipsoid to obovoid, 15-18 x 8-12 m, wall uniformly 0.5 m thick, colorless or pale yellowish. The straight, capitate, septate paraphyses, and the reniform spores with wide, short pseudopedicels (disjunctor cells) aid in identifying Cerotelium nuxae. The anamorph spores probably develop one after another through the remains of the pseudopedicel of the previous spore. Cerotelium piperinum Sydow, see Malupa piperinum (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen (CROSSOPSORA PIPERIS). CEROTELIUM RECTANGULATA Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 423. 1999. TYPE on Marantaceae, unidentified genus, (?Ischnosiphon abciquus (Ruage) Koernicke) from Brazil, Par: east of Belm, plantation of EMBRAPA, ca 5 km from headquarters building, 24 Nov 1977, J.F. Hennen, M.M. Hennen & F.G. Albuquerque-77-263. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Physopella rectangulata (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 423. 1999. ' Uredo rectangulanta F.G. Albuquerque (as "retanulata"), Pesq. Agropeq. Brasil, Ser. Agron. 6: 142. 1971. TYPE on ? Heliconia psitocorum Linnaeus, from Brazil, Par: Belm, 17 May 1962, F.G. Albuquerque-872. On Marantaceae Ischnosiphon sp., Par (IBI-13269). Genus undetermined, Amap (IBI-16022). Cerotelium rectangulata has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves on angular discolored spots delimited by veins, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, ruptured epidermis evident, cinnamon-brown, hymenium concave when young, latter flat and raised above the leaf surface, paraphyses 20-30 x 9-12 m, peripheral, curved, wall uniformly 1-2 m thick, yellowish; urediniospores sessile, 21-26 x 19-23 m, globoid to ovoid, wall uniformly 0.5 m thick, finely echinulate, colorless, germ pores obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, around the uredinia, erumpent, hemispheric, waxy, pale brown, hymenium concave, growth determinate, coalescent to form irregular dark masses when old, teliospores 9-15 x 8-10 m, globoid, ovoid to ellipsoid, in 2-3 irregular layers in a gelatinous matrix, often arranged one below the other appearing as twocelled, wall uniformly very thin, smooth, hyaline, germinate without dormancy to form a mixture of metabasidia, basidiospores and old probasidial cells. Urediniospores were not common on our collections. Most of the telia on our specimens were old, dark blackish, and irregularly warty in small yellowish, angular leaf spots delimited by the leaf veins. Very young telia are required to determine the structure of the sorus. CEROTELIUM SABICEAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 419. 1999. TYPE on Sabicea villosa Wildenow from Brazil, So Paulo: near Mongagu, 22 Aug 1979, J. F. Hennen, M. M. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo-79-276 (IBI-13749). (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Physopella sabiceicola (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic. TYPE on Sabicea hirsuta Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 2 Nov 1913, F. L. Stevens1047. On Rubiaceae Sabicea villosa Wildenow, So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 419, IBI-13748). Cerotelium sabiceae has been reported also from Trinidad. Spermogonia and aecia ujknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, subepidermal in origin, open at first by a pore, later widely open and raised, yellowish, hymenium flat, paraphyses 24-38 x 10-15 m, curved, peripheral united at base, wall 2-4 m thick at apex and on outer side, thinner on inner side, yellowish, not overarching the sorus at maturity, also some free in the sorus; urediniospores sessile,20-26 x 17-20 m obovoid to ellipsoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick, minutely and finely echinulate, colorless to yellowish, germ pores

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obscure. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves around the uredinia, waxy, hemispheric, determinate growth, covered at first by the epidermis, later erumpent, colorless to pale cinnamon-brown, hymenium flat, teliospores 14-21 x 10-16 m, wall 1 m thick, colorless, in 3-6 layers, free in vertical rows. Traits that differentiate the two Cerotelium species on Rubiaceae are: the anamorph sori of C. sabaceae have the morphology of Physopella while the anamorph sori of C. figueiredeae have the morphology of Uredendo. CEROTELIUM XYLOPIAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Acad. Colombia Cienc. Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 417. 1999. TYPE on Xylopia sp. from Brazil, Federal District: Aguas Emendadas National Park, 18 Oct 1976, J.F. Hennen & Mary M. Hennen-76-492. (-/-,-/III). On Annonaceae Xylopia sp., Federal District (IBI-12456), Gois (IBI-13349). Cerotelium xylopiae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Basidial sori on abaxial side of leaves in groups of 3-12 on yellowish spots up to 1.5 cm across, or without leaf discoloration, sori 0.2-0.5 mm across, dome shaped, yellowish, gelatinous when young, blackish at maturity, hymenium flat, darkly pigmented at maturity, probasidial cells produced in vertical rows but not adherent, (17-)24-36(-41) x 11-)12-16(-23) m, irregularly broadly ellipsoid, oblong, ovoid, pyriform, or globoid, rounded to broadly papillate above, rounded to obtuse or truncate below, becoming irregularly arranged 3-5 cells deep in a gelatinous matrix, wall usually less than 0.5 m thick, colorless, smooth, without germ pores, elongating apically without dormancy to produce metabasidia and globoid basidiospores (10-)13 m diameter (Buritic, 1999). CERRADOA Hennen & Ono, Mycologia 70: 570. 1978. TYPE SPECIES Cerradoa palmaea Hennen & Ono. See the description of the species below. Sori suprastomatal, chestnut-brown, urediniospore echinulate, teliospores with two laterally joined probasidial cells, septum vertical, each cell with one apical pore next to septum. Only one species has been reported. Cummins and Hiratsuka (1983, 2003) placed this genus as a synonym of Edythea. The telia of these two genera are morphologically very similar. Edythea occurs on Berberis spp. (Berberidaceae) in the Andean region of South America (Buritic, 19xx). We consider Cerradoa as a distinct genus from Edythea. CERRADOA PALMAEA Hennen & Ono, Mycologia 70: 570. 1978. TYPE on ? Attalea ceraensis Barbosa Rodrigues from Brazil, Federal District: Parque Nacional Aguas Emendadas, Aug 1976, J. Hennen, M. M. Hennen, Y. Ono & P. Herringer76-247A. (?/?,II/III). Arecaceae (Palmae) Attalea ceraensis Barbosa Rodrigues, Federal District (Hennen & Ono, 1978: 570; IBI-12671). The identification of this host requires confirmation. Gen.undetermined, Bahia (IBI-13616); Gois (IBI-13324), Maranho (IBI-13233), Minas Gerais (IBI-15333), Par (Soto et al.-S97-636, Museu Goeldi); So Paulo (IBI-13715). Cerradoa palmaea has been reported from Brazil and also from Colombia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on adaxial side of leaves, scattered or in loose groups, 0.3-1 mm wide, powdery, chestnut-brown; urediniospores 28-30 x 28-33 m, globoid; wall 3-3.5 m thick, 2-layered, echinulate, spines 2.5-3.5 m apart, germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia similar to the uredinia, teliospores 25-30 x 30-35 m, flattened globoid, two-celled, septum mostly vertical, wall (5-)5-7(-8) m distally, (2.5-)4(-5) at sides, 2-layered, chestnut-brown, smooth, germ pores 1 in each cell next to septum; pedicel 4-5 m wide next to spore, (10-)15-25(-30) m long, sporogenous cells irregularly globoid, 4-10 m wide. Cerradoa palmaea was the first rust to be reported on the large, tropical, monocotyledenous family Arecaceae. Later another rust was reported: Uredo crusa J. Hennen & J. McCain on an unidentified palm from Mexico and Chamaedorea sp. and Geonoma from Guatemala (Hennen & McCain, 1993). CHACONIA Juel, Bih. svensk. Vetensk Akad. Handl. 23: 12. 1897. TYPE SPECIES Chaconia alutacea Juel on Pithecellobium divaricatum (reported originally as Calliandra sp.), Leguminosae, from Paraguay.

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Chaconia is characterized by teliospores that are composed of one probasidial cell with very thin, colorless, smooth walls. Teliospores are sessile, laterally free, and are borne in small groups on laterally free teliosporogenous cells. These probasidia develop metabasidia and basidiospores without dormancy by apical elongation. No germ pore has been reported. CHACONIA ALUTACEA Juel, Bih. Till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 12. 1897. TYPE on Pithecellobium divaricatum (Borg.) Bentham from Paraguay, Gran Chaco near Asuncion, 15 July 1893, C. A. M. Lindman. The host was reported by Juel mistakenly as Calliandra sp. but was identified by Vestergren in his Exsciccati (Micro. rar. sel. 755 ) as Pithecellobium divaricatum. (0/I,?/III). = Uromyces albescens H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 66. 1916. TYPE on Pithecellobium glomeratum Bentham from Peru, Seringal Auristela, Rio Acre, July 1911, Ule-3500. = Maravalia albescens (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 22: 270. 1924. TYPE same as for U. albescens H. Sydow & P. Sydow. On Leguminosae: Pithecellobium glomeratum Bentham, Peru, Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916: 66). Chaconia alutacea Juel is the type species for the genus Chaconia. Silveira's (1951) report of Chaconia alutacea from Brazil requires confirmation. It is to be expected because of the close proximity of known locations in Peru and Paraguay. Spermogonia amphigenous, subcuticular, lenticular to hemispherical, 60-70 m across, 20-24 m high. Aecia hypophyllous, in small groups on somewhat hypertrophied lesions opposite the spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent; aeciospores pedicellate, obovoid to ellipsoid, 20-26 x 16-20 m, wall ca.1 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germination pores not seen. Uredinia unknown. Basidiosori hypophyllous, 0.3-0.8 m diam, scattered or in small groups, subepidermal, erumpent; probasidia clavate to cylindric, 40-70 x 10-18 m, walls thin, hyaline; metabasidia formed by continuous apical elongation of probasidia. Spermogonia and aecia are known only from Belize.

CHACONIA BRASILIENSIS Ono & Hennen, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 24: 382. 1983 (1984). TYPE on Stryphnodendron sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: near Conchal, Fazenda Campinimha, 16 Sept 1976, J. F. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo-76-404, IBI-12601. (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae: Stryphnodendron adstringens (Martius) Coville, , Federal District (IBI-12448). Stryphnodendron barbatimam (Velloso) Martius, Federal District (Ono & Hennen, 1983: 382). Stryphnodendron cristalinae Heringer, Federal District (Ono & Hennen, 1983: 382). Stryphnodendron sp., Federal District, Gois (Ono & Hennen, 1983: 382, IBI-16696), Mato Grosso (IBI-16708), Minas Gerais (Ono & Hennen, 1983: 382), Par (Par/97-297, Par/98117), So Paulo (Ono & Hennen, 1983: 382). Chaconia brasiliensis has been reported only from Bazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaflets, 0.2-0.5 mm diam., scattered or in goups, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, cinnamon-brown; without paraphyses; urediniospores pedicellate, 23-38 x 18-25 m, subgloboid, asymetrical obovoid to ellipsoid, wall ca. 1.5 m thick, echinulate, cinnamon-to golden-brown, germ pores 6 (5-7), scattered. Basidiosori similar to the uredinia but compact, and waxy, probasidia 47-67 x 9-14(-16) m, cylindrical, wall very thin, colorless, basidiospores 10-13 x 7-10 m. Chaconia erythroxyli (Vigas) Vigas, see MARAVALIA ERYTHROXYLI (Vigas) Ono & Hennen.

CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins, Mycologia 48: 602. 1956. (0/Ipver,IIpver/III). ' Maravalia ingae H. Sydow, Mycologia 17: 257. 1925. (Nov 1925). TYPE on Inga sp. from British Guiana, Vreedn Hoor, 8 Jan 1922, Stevens-715 (only telia described). ' Bitzea ingae (H. Sydow) Mains, Mycologia 31: 38. 1939.

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= ?Maravalia utriculata H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 23: 314. 1925. (Dec 1925). TYPE on Inga sp. from Costa Rica, San Jos: La Caja, 6 Jan 1925, H. Sydow-279. Anamorph Uredo excipulata H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 2: 35. 1904. TYPE on Inga inicuil Chamisso & Schlechtendahl from Mexico, Pringle. The Sydows described spermogonia and aecia. This anamorph name is for both aecia and uredinia. = Uromyces ingicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 157. 1904. TYPE on Inga sp from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Jur, Juru-Miry, June 1901, Ule-2929. (Hennings missidentified urediniospores as teliospores). = Uromyces ingicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 1. 1909. TYPE on Inga sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Feb 1903, Puttemans-646. (Hennings mistakenly published the same name twice, each with a different type specimen). = Uromyces porcensis Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchteloise. Sci. Nat. 5: 459. 1913. TYPE on Inga cf. ingoides (Rich.) Willdenow from Colombia, Antioquia: Andes Centrales, road from Cisneros to Medelln, 31 July 1910, E. Mayor-311. (Mayor described spermogonia and aeciospores, not teliospores). = Ravenelia whetzeli Arthur, Mycologia 9: 64. 1917. TYPE on Inga vera Willdenow from Puerto Rico, Mayaguez: La Jagua, 28 March 1916, Whetzel & Olive-206. (Arthur described only spermogonia and aecia). = Uromyces ingaeiphilus Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 140. 1925. TYPE on Inga edulis Martius from Argentina, Missiones: Puerto Iguaz, Nov 1923, J. F. Molfino s.n. (Spegazzini missidentified urediniospores as teliospores). = Uredo mogi-mirim Vigas, Bragantia 5: 85. 1945. TYPE on Inga sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Mogi-Mirim, Faz. Spina, 17 Dec 1940, A. R. Campos-16. On Leguminosae: Inga edulis Martius , Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 292; IBI-9443), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 147; IAN-584), Paraiba (IBI-15530), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 85; IAC-4026; IBI-5448). Inga sp., Amap (IBI-16047), Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 157), Minas Gerais (IBI-14934), Rio de Janeiro (IBI-1724), So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 1; IBI -1723). Chaconia ingae has been reported from Argentina to Mexico on various species of Inga, but all of these reports cannot be confirmed because anamorphs have been confused with those of Ypsilospora tucmensis (Hernndez & Hennen, 2003). All collections composed of galls with finely echinulate spores belong to Ypsilospora tucmensis. Collections on leaves with little or no galls and spore walls striate-reticulate belong to Chaconia. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, subcuticular in origin, lenticular to hemisphaerical. Aecia on hypertrophied lesions, deep seated in host mesophyll tissues, erumpent; aeciospores pedidelate, (20-)24-48(55) x 14-26(-30) m, obovoid to ellipsoid, short clavate or irregular, narrowed toward the base; walls 2-4 m thick at sides, 2-5 m at apex, 3-9 m at base, with prominent longitudinal ridges, often reticulate with less pronounced cross ridges, cinnamon-brown, pores 3-4, equatorial. Uredinia and urediniospores like the aecia and aeciospores but without spermogonia. Basidiosori on abaxial side of leaves, scattered or loosely grouped, often confluent, subepidermal in origin, early erumpent; probasidia 70-140 x 12-20 m, clavate to cylindric, walls thin, colorless, metabasidia formed by apical elongation of the probasidia, basidiospoeres 9-10 x 7-8 m, obovoid (Ono & Hennen, 1983; Hernndez & Hennen, 2003). . The aecio- and urediniospores of Chaconia ingae are morphogically the same and both belong to the anamorph taxon Uredo excipulata. Although both are variable in size and wall thickness, each has identical, very characteristic, but sometimes faint, striate-reticulate wall sculpture. These anamorph spores have been mistaken as teliospores of Uromyces and as anamorph spores of Ravenelia as shown by the synonymy listed above. Teliospores (probasidia) are grouped on sporogenous cells, sessile, and laterally free. Ono & Hennen (1983) mistakenly included Uromyces ingae Lagerheim ex Arthur (Mycologia 9: 65. 1917) as a synonym of Chaconia ingae, but that name was never officially established. See Ypsilopsora tucmensis Hernndez & Hennen. for anamorph names that have been listed sometimes as synonyms of Chaconia ingae. CHACONIA MAPROUNEAE (Vigas) Ono & Hennen (as maprouniae) in Hennen & Figueiredo, Mycologia 73: 350-355. 1981. (?/?,II/III). ' Coleosporium maprouneae Vigas, Bragantia 5: 5. 1945. TYPE on Maprounea brasiliensis

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Saint-Hilaire from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Tumulo de Lund, Lagoa Santa, 8 April 1936, P. Krug & G. P. Vigas-1509. Anamorph Uredo maprouneae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 163. 1904. LECTOTYPE on Maprounea guianensis Aubl. from Peru, Tarapoto, Sept 1902, Ule-3247. Lectotype chosen here. On Euphorbiaceae: Maprounea brasiliensis Saint-Hilaire, Amap (Hennen & Soto, 1997: 446); Federal District (IBI-12444), Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 5; IBI-12697), Mato Grosso (IBI-16711), Par (Sota et al.-S98-36A), So Paulo (IBI-12702). Chaconia maprouneae has been reported also from Bolivia, Peru, and Trinidad. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.2-1.0 mm across, on the abaxial side of leaves, scarttered or densely aggregated, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, urediniospores pedicellate, 26-31(-35) x 18-25(-27) m, asymetrically obovoid to pyriform, wall 1-1.5 m thick, echinulate, pale to yellowish brown, pores 5-6 supraequatorial or somewhat scattered in the upper half of the spore. Basidiosori on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.1-0.3 mm diameter, scattered or in small groups, intermixed in the uredinia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, probasidia 27-41 x (4-)6-10 m, cylindric, wall thin, colorless, metabasidia formed by elongation of the probasidia, basidiospores 7-8 x 6-7 m obovoid to pyriform. (Ono and Hennen, 1983). Jackson (1931) mistakenly made the new combination Bubakia ulei (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 446. 1931. The host specimen that led Jackson to make this combination was misidentified as on Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Rusby from Bolivia, Nor Yungas: Coroico, 11 June 1920, Holway-734. The correct identification of the host is Maprounea brasiliensis and the rust is an anamorph of Chaconia maprouneae. Bubakia ulei (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 446. 1931. Uredo Phyllanthi P. Henn. Hedwigia 35: 249. 1896. Schroeteriaster Ulei S y d o w , A n n . M y c . 1 4 : 7 0 . 1 9 1 6 . On Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Rusby.Coroico, Nor Yungas, Bolivia, June 11, 1920, 734. The collection consists of uredinia only but seems to agree with the description given by Sydow, who assigns Uredo Ph yllanthi P. Henn. as a synonym. Arthur's record of the latter from Trinidad (Thaxter 31) is an error. This specimen is the uredinial stage of a Ravenelia, probably R. appendiculata Lagerh. & Diet.. Chaconia erythroxyli (Vigas) Vigas, see MARAVALIA ERYTHROXYLI Ono & Hennen. CHRYSOCYCLUS H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. Berlin 23: 322. December 1925. LECTOTYPE SPECIES, Chrysocyclus cestri (Dietel & P. Hennings) H. Sydow ( Puccinia cestri Dietel & P. Hennings) on Cestrum sp. (Solanaceae) from Brazil. Chosen by Laundon, 1965A. = Holwayella H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 18: 49. January 1926. TYPE SPECIES, Holwayella mikaniae (Arthur) H. S. Jackson [ Chrysopsora mikaniae Arthur and Chrysocyclus mikaniae (Arthur) H. Sydow]. Chrysocyclus produces only spermogonia and telia. The telia form one or more bright yellow, waxy rings around the centrally located spermogonia. When very immature, teliospores are two-celled and pedicellate, resembling very narrow, thin-, pale-, smooth-walled Puccinia teliospores. As each probasidial cell matures it elongates apically to form a metabasidium, each with four basidiospores. Jackson (1926) described this as follows: "The upper cell gradually elongates and the lower cell simultaneously develops at one side in like manner, giving the structure a shape like a mitten in which the thumb is as large as the hand portion, both being cylindric. When fully mature the contents concentrate in the upper portion of each branch, leaving ther lower portion empty and collapsed". Only three species are known: the two listed below and Chrysocyclus senecionis Davidson on Senecio sp., Compositae, from Venezuela (Davidson, 1932). CHRYSOCYCLUS CESTRI (Dietel & P. Hennings) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol.23: 32. 1925. This is the lectotype species of the genus Chrysocyclus H. Sydow. (0/-.-/III).

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Brazil, So Paulo, Serra da Cantareira, May, Nov. 1900, Puttemans-180, & -365 (a lectotype needs to be chosen). ' Chrysopsora cestri (Dietel & P. Hennings) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 53. 1924. On Solanaceae: Cestrum viridiflorum Hooker, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 137). Cestrum sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 80), So Paulo (Dietel & P. Hennings, 1902: 295; Jackson, 1932: 80). Chrysocyclus cestri has been reported also from Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, The Weat Indies, and Central America. The large, bright yellow, telial sori in rings are characteristic of the species. The sori of older infections may be target-like with several concentric rings. The genus is in effect a micro-Puccinia in which the sori are waxy and there is no cessation of development between the formation of the teliospore initial and the time when the basidiospores are developed. The first collection of this interesting species of which we have any knowledge was made by Lagerheim, June 1891, at Pichencha, Ecuador. This collection is marked Puccinia magniifca Lagerh., but the name seems never to have been published. In 1924 Arthur transferred the species to Chrysopsora. During the year 1923, H. S. Jackson made a study of this species together with C. mikaniae Arth., and came to the conclusion that Arthur had misinterpreted their morphology. Jackson published a preliminary note (Mycologia 18: 48-49. Jan. 1, 1926) in which the genus Holwayella was proposed, with C. Mikaniae as the type, to accomodate these two species. Almost simultaneously, but technically one day previously, Sydow published the genus Chrysocyclus with the above species as the type (Jackson, 1931). Didymopsora solani Dietel was reported to be on Solanum sp. but the host is probably Cestrum sp. and the rust is probably Chrysocyclus cestri. To determine this with certainty the type specimen needs to be examined. CHRYSOCYCLUS MIKANIAE (Arthur) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 23: 324. 31 December 1925. TYPE same as for Chrysopsora mikaniae Arthur. (0/III). ' Chrysopsora mikaniae Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 54. 1924. TYPE on Mikania buddleiaefolia DeCandolle from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Theresopolis, 28 September 1921, E. W. D. & Mary M. Holway-1159. ' Holwayella mikaniae (Arthur) H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 18: 49. 1 January 1926. TYPE same as for Chrysopsora mikaniae Arthur. On Compositae: Mikania buddleiaefolia DeCandolle , Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 121). Mikania lindbergii Baker, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 121). Mikania sp., Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F18883). Chrysocyclus mikaniae has been reported also from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, in small groups. Aecia and uredinia lacking. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves opposite the spermogonia, 0.3-1 mm long, erumpent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, waxy at first , reddish or golden yellow, turning greyish white by germination, arranged in circles 2.5-4 mm across that surrounds the area of the epiphyllous spermogonia; teliospores 2-celled, before germination (50-)54-63(-80) x (11-)13-16 m, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, not constricted at septum, the distal probasidial cell elongating first, the proximal cell a little later, the spore becoming mitten shaped by elongation of the two cells, wall uniformly thin 1 m or less, smooth, colorless, pedicel about as thick and long as the spore, fragile. The teliospores germinate without dormancy by elongation and transformation of the probasidia into metabasidia (Cummins, 1978). Comparisons to help identify rusts on Mikania in the Neotropics 1. Sori Aecidium-like, cupulate, peridiate, spores 1-celled in vertical rows (catenulate) with intercalary cells at 2. least near base of sori. 4. 1. Sori not Aecidium-like, spores 1- or 2-celled 2. Sori cupulate or in waxy or horny columns, peridia not strong, intercalary cells evident

' Puccinia cestri Dietel & P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 295. 1902. TYPE on Cestrum sp. from

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DIETELIA PORTORICENSIS (0/-,-/III). 3. 2. Sori cupulate, powdery, peridia well developed, interclary cells evanescent PUCCINIA MIKANIAE (?/?,IIcv/III). 3. Spores with large refractive granules UROMYCES MIKANIAE (?/?,IIcv/III). AECIDIUM SPP. 3. Spores without refractive granules 4. Sori in circles, bright orange-red at first, turning gray by germination, without paraphyses CHRYSOCYCLUS MIKANIAE (0/-,-/III). 5. 4. Sori usually not in circles, pale brown or blackish brown, 5. Sori powdery, brownish, spores echinulate, 1-celled (urediniospores), or verrucose, 2-celled (teliospores) PUCCINIA GRANCHACOENSIS (?/?,IIpe/III). 6. 5. Sori not powdery, blackish, spores smooth (teliospores) 6. Telia loculate, locules surrounded by dark brown paraphyses, teliospores one celled. UROMYCES MIKANIAE(?/?,IIcv/III).. 7. 6. Telia loculate or not, then pulvinate, compact, teliospores mostly 2-celled. 7. Telia loculate locules surrounded by dark brown paraphyses PUCCINIA MIKANIAE (?/?,IIcv/III). 8. 7. Telia not loculate, pulvinate, often crowded in groups, without paraphyses PUCCINIA MIKANIFOLIA (0?/-,-/III). 8. Teliospore apical walls 3.5-6.5 m thick PUCCINIA SPEGAZZINII(-/-,-/III). 8 Teliospore apical walls 2.5-3.5(-4) m thick Chrysomyxa Chrysomyxa bambusae Teng, see KWEILINGIA. Chrysopsora Lagerheim, Ber. deutsch. bot. Ges. 9: 345. 1892. TYPE species Chrysopsora gynoxidis on Gynoxis sp. (Compositae) from Ecuador. Chrysopsora has been reported only from the type species. Chrysopsora cestri Arthur, see CHRYSOCYCLUS CESTRI (Dietel & P. Hennings) H. Sydow. Chrysopsora mikaniae Arthur, see CHRYSOCYCLUS MIKANIAE (Arthur) H. Sydow. CIONOTHRIX Arthur, N. Am. Flora 7: 124. 1907. TYPE SPECIES: Cionothrix praelonga (Winter) Arthur ( Cronartium praelongum Winter), on Eupatorium sp., Compositae, from Brazil. See below. Spermogonia subepidermal, flask-shaped to globoid with ostiolar filaments. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia subepidermal in origin, deep-seated, bulbous with numerous short, hyphoid, slightly curved ostiolar paraphyses; teliospores 1-celled, without intercalary cells, becoming erumpent and strongly adherent in hair-like columns. Metabasidia external. The spores are produced asynchronously from a concave hymenium. Because of the asynchrous spore origins, rows of spores are not maintained but the spores appear somewhat randomly arranged in the extruded columns. The long, brown hair-like telia, that may be up to at least 2 mm long, help identify Cionothrix. Telia are easily seen with the unaided eye but even better with a 10X hand lens. The teliospores germinate without dormancy to produce metabasidia and basidiospores. Buritic and Hennen (1980) include three species in Cionothrix, the two listed below and C. basicrassa Buritic & Hennen on Eupatorium sp. from Mexico. Kern et al. (1938) and Joerstad (1956) did not recognize Cionothrix as a separate genus but suggested that is a microcyclic form of Cronartium. CIONOTHRIX PRAELONGA (Winter) Arthur, N. Amer. Fl. 7: 124. 1907. (0/III). ' Cronartium praelongum Winter in Rabenhorst, Hedwigia 26: 24. 1887. TYPE on Eupatorium sp., (?Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Robinson, E. odoratum L., reported originally as an unidentified Compositae) from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, May 1885, Ule-73.

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On Compositae: Eupatorium dichotomum Schultz-Bipontius, Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892:95). Eupatorium sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 122; IBI-12775), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 140; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 21), Roraima (Sydow, 1916: 70), Santa Catarina (Winter, 1887: 24), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 122; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 21; IBI-13133). Cionothrix praelonga has been reported also from Argentina to Mexico on about 10 species of Eupatorium. C. usneoides is almost identical except its telia are arranged much more densely. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, in small groups of 2-6, flask-shaped, 90-100 m across, honey-yellow fading to whitish. Aecia and uredinia lacking. Telia crowded on yellow spots on abaxial side of leaves in small groups 1-2 mm across; telial column 2-3 mm long, 50-75 m wide, filiform, slender, flexuous, pale yellowish, deeply seated, the basal region wide but narrowed to a neck region, flask shape; paraphyses abundant, upwardly directed, cylindrical, thick walled, colorless, mostly 4-7 m wide, these joined below; teliospores (24-)28-34(-40) x (12-)16-20(-24) m, mostly narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, initially catenulate but not remaining in rows, without obvious intercalary cells, wall 1 m thick, colorless (Cummins, 1978; Buritic & Hennen, 1980). Chromolaena odorata ( Eupatorium odoratum), a native in the Neotropics, has been reported as an extremely aggresive, invasive, alien weed that has been given many local common names in tropical areas of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. In a survey of parts of South America to find native fungal pathogens as possible biological control agents for this weed, Barreto and Evans (1994) found Cionothrix praelonga on Chromolaena odorata in Colombia but not in Brazil. Perhaps the type specimen and some of the unidentified hosts reported above as Eupatorium sp. are Chromolaena odorata. CIONOTHRIX USNEOIDES (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 16: 243. 1918. (0/III). ' Cronartium usneoides P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 95. 1895. TYPE on Conyza sp. from Brazil, Gois: Meiaponte, August 1892, Ule-1912. On Compositae: Conyza sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895: 95; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 21). Cionothrix usneoides has been reported only from Brazil. . C. praelonga is almost identical except its telia are arranged much less dense.

COLEOSPORIUM J. H. Lveill, Ann. Sci. nat., sr. 3, 8: 373. 1847. LECTOTYPE SPECIES Coleosporium rhinanthacearum Kickx on Rhinanthus serotinus (Scrophulariaceae) from Belgium. Chosen by J. C. Arthur, 1906. Spermogonia and aecia on leaves (needles) of Pinus spp. Uredinia blister-like, without a peridium, not cupulate, urediniospores catenulate. These are traits of the anamorph genus Caeoma, not Aecidium or Uredo. For this reason, we use the genus Caeoma for the uredinia of Coleosporium. The basidio sori of Coleosporium are composed mostly of one or sometimes two layers of more or less cylindrical, thin-walled, colorless probasidial cells. A probasidial cell of Coleosporium becomes transformed into a metabasidium as karyogamy, meiosis, and basidiospore formation occur. There is little or no change in the shape and size of the probasidial cell as it becomes the metabasidium. Basidiospores are formed at the tips of sterigmata of various lengths, those from the proximal cells longer than those from the distal cells. Coleosporium is a large genus of around 80 species in the Northern Hemisephere. They are nearly all heteroecious with spermogonia and aecia on leaves (needles) of Pinus spp. Spermogonia and aecia have never been reported in South America. Six species are known from Brazil only in the uredinial and telial stages. Three of these species are on genera of Compositae, another on Plumeria sp., Apocynaceae, one on Ipomoea spp., Convolvulaceae, and one is reported on Clematis, Ranunculaceae.

Coleosporium brasiliense Dietel, see PUCCINIA MEDELLINENSIS Mayor. COLEOSPORIUM CLEMATIDIS Barclay, J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 89. 1890. TYPE

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on Clematis montana from India, Simla: a specific specimen not cited, Barclay-s.n. A lectotype  needs to be chosen. (0/I II/III). = Coleosporium pulsatillae Tanaka, 1890 (not Leveille), = Coleosporium clematidis-apiifoliae S. Ito, 1038 (not Dietel). Anamorph Caeoma clematidis Thuemen, Mycotheca univ. no. 539. 1876. Anamorph name only for uredinia. On Ranunculaceae: Clematis sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1927: 63). Coleosporium clematidis has been reported from Africa, Australia, India to China, the maritime provences of Siberia, Japan, and the Philippines. Spermogonia and aecia on Pinus species in Asia. Uredinia (Caeoma clematidis) yellow; urediniospores 20-36(-44) x 12-22(-28) m, ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall verrucose , often with a reticulum-like spot, number of verrucae per 100 m square 21-50, verrucae 0.5-1.8(-2) m broad, 0.8-1.8(-2) m high. Telia scattered, occasionally in circular groups, orange-red; mature metabasidia in two layers; one celled probasidia 80-132 x 15-25 m excluding gelatinous apical layer, metabasidia after becoming 4-celled 57-92 x 15-26 m, with a long sterile cell at base; basidiospores 20-27(-29) x 12-16(-18) m, ellipsoid (Hiratsuka, N., et al., 1992). The Brazilian collection (Jackson, 1927), which has only urediniospores, is the only one reported from the Western Hemisphere. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Coleosporium elephantopodis Thuemen, see COLEOSPORIUM VERNONIAE Berkeley & Curtis. COLEOSPORIUM IPOMOEAE Burrill [as (Schw.) Burrill], Parasit. Fungi of Illinois, pt. l in Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. 2: 217. 1885. TYPE on Ipomoea pandurata Linnaeus from The United States  of America, North Carolina: Salem, date not recorded, Schweinitz. (0/Icv IIcv/III). = Coleosporium fischeri Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 550. 1913. LECTOTYPE on Ipomoea angulata Lamarck [as Quamoclit angulata (Lam.) Bojer] from Colombia, Cundinamarca, Pres de Villeta, 9 Oct 1910, Mayor-286. Synanamorphs Uredinia: Caeoma ipomoea Link in Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 6(2): 14. 1822. TYPE same as for Coleosporium ipomoeae Burrill. Uredo ipomoeae Schweinitz, Schrift. Naturf. Ges. Leipzig 1: 70. 1822. TYPE same as for Coleosporium ipomoeae Burrill. = Coleosporium guaraniticum Spegazzini, Anales Soc. Cient. Argent. 17: 95. 1884. TYPE on Ipomoea gossypioides from Paraguay, Paraguari, date?, collector?. Only uredinia described. = Uredo ipomoeae-pentaphyllae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 252. 1896. TYPE on Ipomoea pentaphylla from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, May 1887, Ule-712. = Aecidium dominicanum Gonzales, Fragosa, & Ciferri, Bol. Real. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. Madrid 26: 249. 1926. TYPE on Ipomoea sp. from The Dominican Republic, near Haina, date not reported, Ciferri s. n. Only uredinia described. = Uredo vicosiana Thurston, Mycologia 32: 306. 1940. TYPE on Ipomoea sp. (host misidentified originally as Cleome spinosa Jacquin, Capparidaceae) from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viosa, 4 Feb 1934, A. S. Mueller-689. Aecia: Peridermium ipomoeae Hedgecock & Hunt, Mycologia 9:: 239. 1917 TYPE on Pinus echinata Miller from The United States of America, Georgia: East Point, 26 April 1916, Hedgecock-22217. Not reported from South America. On Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea acuminata Roemer & Schultes, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 495). Ipomoea batatas Lamarck, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 5). Ipomoea cairica Sweet, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293).

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Ipomoea glabra Choisy, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 147; IAN-686), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 495). Ipomoea pentaphylla Jacquin, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 252). Ipomoea sp., Amap (IBI-16607), Minas Gerais (Thurston 1940: 306, IBI-14455), Piau (IBI15482), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-17420), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 495). Coleosporium ipomoeae, the only species of Coleosporium known on Ipomoea spp., has been reported in the Americas from Argentina to The United States of America on at least 25 species of Ipomoea and on several closely related genera such as Operculina, Pharbitis, Quamoclit, Riva, and Thyella. The species seems to survive over most of its range by repeated infections from urediniospore. Spermogonia on both sides of needles, on somewhat discolored spots. Aecia with the spermogonia, the peridium flattened laterally; aeciospores catenulate, 22-27 x 17-20 m, ovoid or ellipsoid,; wall 2 -3 m thick, colorless, strongly verrucose. Spermogonia and aecia are known on leaves of Pinus spp. only from the Southeastern U. S. A. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, widely scattered, or somewhat clustered, 0.25-1 mm across, blister-like, not cupulate, without a peridium, orange-yellow fading to white, erumpent, ruptured epidermis usually conspicuous; urediniospores catenulate, 18-27 x 13-21 m, ellipsoid, more or less angular and irregular; wall 1-1.5 m thick, closely and noticeably verrucose, colorless. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, widely scattered, often confluent, pulvinate, 0.5 mm. or less across, deep reddish-orange fading to paleyellow; teliospores 19-23 x 60-80 m, apical wall swelling to 20-40 m above, oblong, or slightly clavate, rounded or obtuse at both ends, contents orange-yellow fading to colorless (Arthur, 1934). Uredinia have traits of the anamorph genus Caeoma, not Aecidium or Uredo. For this reason, we use the anamorph genus Caeoma for the uredinia of this rust (Arthur, 1934). Various species of Aecidium which do have sori that are cupulate with a well developed peridium are also commonly collected in the neotropics on Ipomoea spp. These are anamorphs of Puccinia spp. Coleosporium maprouneae (P. Hennings) Vigas, see CHACONIA MAPROUNEAE(Vigas) Ono & Hennen. Coleosporium pallidulum Spegazzini, see PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. COLEOSPORIUM PLUMERIAE Patouillard (as plumierae), Bull. Soc. Mycol.France 18: 178. 1902. TYPE on Plumeria alba from Guadalupe date?, R. P. Duss-s.n.. (?/? IIcv/III). Anamorph Uredo domingensis Berkeley , Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2 ser.) 9: 200. 1852. TYPE on Plumeria sp. (reported originally as on an unknown plant), from Santo Domoingo, date and collector not reported (?). Literature not available. The host was identified by Arthur (1918: 329). This name needs to be transferred to an appropriate anamorph genus. = Uredo plumeriicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 161. 1904. TYPE on Plumeria sp. from Peru, Huallaga, Jan 1903, Ule-3239. ' Coleosporium domingensis (Berkeley) Arthur, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 329. 1918. Based on uredinia. On Apocynaceae: Plumeria rubra Linnaeus, Gois (PUR-89640), Minas Gerais (PUR-F87201), So Paulo (PUR87388). Plumeria sp. Amap (IBI-16077), Amazonas (IBI-15644), Bahia (IBI-17724), Cear (IBI-17123), Maranho (IBI-17112), Minas Gerais (IBI-14456), Pernambuco (IBI-94-159) Piau (IBI15483), Rio de Janeiro (IBI-16878). So Paulo (IBI-14039). Coleosporium plumeriae is widespread on Plumeria spp. in the Neotropics. There are records also from isalands in Hawaii and Micronesia. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 0.3-0.5 mm across, soon naked, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, powdery, orange yellow when fresh; urediniospores produced catenulately, 26-37 x 19-24 m, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid; wall 1.5-2 m thick, verrucose, tubercles 3-5 m across, coarse, low, easily deciduous. Basidial sori 0.1-0.3 mm across, on abaxial side of leaves, scattered among the uredinia or alone, shiny waxy, bright reddish-orange when fresh, basidia 26-33 x 10-13 m, rounded or obtuse at both ends, apical wall swelling to 10-20 m.

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Plumeria spp., the uredinial and telial host species of Coleosporium plumeriae, were introduced into Brazil from their native home in Central America and the islands in the Caribbean. Plumeria spp. are used widely in Brazil and many other tropical countries as ornamental shrubs or small trees. Several colors of flowers are produced. On trees that are heavily infected with rust, the lower leaf surfaces are bright orange because of the numerous rust sori. These severe infections may cause premature leaf fall that reduces plant growth. The urediniospores of this rust germinate easily and quickly and are useful in teaching about rust biology. Coleosporium senecionis Kickx, see COLEOSPORIUM TUSSILAGINIS (Persoon) Lveill. COLEOSPORIUM TUSSILAGINIS (Persoon) Lveill, in Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat., 12: 786.  1849. (O/Icv IIcv/III). This bibliographic citation is from Hylander, et al., (1953). Laundon, (1967) reported the author and place of publication as Berkeley, Outline rit. Fungology p. 333, 1860. ' Uredo tussilaginis Persoon, Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 218, 1801. TYPE on Tussilago farfara Linnaeus, from Europe. Hylander, et al.,(1953) report that the type contains telia. = Coleosporium senecionis Kickx, Flora Flandres 2: 53. 1867. LECTOTYPE on Senecio vulgaris Linnaeus, Belgium, Flanders, designate by Hylander et al. (1953). Other teleomorph synonyms based on European or North American specimens, too numerous to record here, are reported by Arthur (1907), Hylander et al. (1953), Kaneko, 1981, Lindquist (1982), and others. Anamorphs Spermogonial and aecial anamorphs occur on Pinus spp. in northern Eurasia and perhaps North America and have been named several times. Probably the aecial anamorph name with priority is Peridermium pini Willdenow. Spermogonia and aecia are unknown in South America. Uredinial anamorphs have been given several names. Perhaps the uredinial anamorph name with priority is Uredo tussilaginis Persoon as cited above. To have priority for both the teleomorph name and the anamorph name, Persoons publication of the name Uredo tussilaginis must contain descriptive information about both the telia and uredinia. On Compositae: Calendula officinalis Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 139). Emilia sonchifolia ., Minas Gerais (76-582/IBI 12755), Rio de Janeiro (IBI 13069), So Paulo (IBI 12003;). Senecio bonariensis Hooker & Arnott, Rio Grande do Sul (75-215/12193); So Paulo (PURF17804). Senecio brasiliensis Lessing, Minas Gerais (IBI-14572), Paran (Jackson, 1932: Rio Grande do Sul (IBI 14147), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 178; Vigas, 1945: 5), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F759), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 178; Vigas, 1945: 5; IBI-565; 75-103/12091). Senecio crassiflorus DeCandolle, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist &Costa Neto, 1963: 139; IBI 12192). Senecio grandis Gardner, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 178). Senecio hastatus Bongard, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F774), So Paulo(Jackson, 1932: 178). Senecio pulicaris Baker, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 63). Senecio selloi (Sprengel) DeCandolle, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 139). Senecio sp., Paran (IBI-17377), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 178), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 139), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 178; Vigas, 1945: 5). Hylander et al. (1953) determined that Coleosporium senecionis plus at least seven other Coleosporium names should be considered as synonyms of C. tussilaginis because the species could not be separated by morphology. Cummins (1978) continued to use C. senecionis Kickx as the name for this rust on Senecio without comment about C. tussilaginis. Kaneko (1981) in his very detailed study of Coleosporium followed Hylander et al. and used the name Coleosporium tussilaginis as the name of a species complex. The dikaryotic stage of this rust has been reported on at least four vascular plant families and ten genera in the Northern Hemisphere.

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update Jan 2000 COLEOSPORIUM VERNONIAE Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley, Grevillia 3: 57. 1874. TYPE on Vernonia sp., Compositae, from The United States of America, date not reported, Alabama, Beaumont-s.n. (0/Icv IIcv/III). = Coleosporium elephantopodis Thuemen, Mycol. Univ. No. 953. 1878. TYPE on Elephantopus tomentosus Linnaeus, Compositae, from The United States of America, North Carolina, locality, date of collection, and collectors name not available. Telia are present in the type specimen and were described by Thuemen, thus the name is to be ascribed to Thuemen alone and not as a transfer from Uredo elephantopus Schweinitz as has been done in the past (Cummins, 1962). Anamorph Uredo elephantopodis Schweinitz, Schrift. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 70. 1822. Type same as for Coleosporium elephantopodis Thuemen reported above. = Uredo elephantopodis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 253. 1896. TYPE on Elephantopus scaber L. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, 1884, Ule-6. Not that of Petch. = Aecidium vernoniae-mollis Mayor, Mem. Soc. neuchatel. Sc. nat. 5:570. 1913. TYPE on Vernonia mollis Kunth [ Lepidaploa canescens (Kunth) H. Robinson] from Colombia, Antioquia, 9 Sept 1910, Mayor-172. (fide The Sydows, 1923: 307). On Compositae: Elephantopus angustifolius Swartz So Paulo(Jackson, 1932: 103; Vigas, 1945: 83; IAC-2861; IBI 15008). Elephantopus mollis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Amap (IBI-1606), Maranho (IBI-15613), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293; /IBI-12774), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 147), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F707), Santa Catarina (PUR-F706), So Paulo(Jackson, 1932: 103; IBI12319). Elephantopus scaber L., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 254; Sydow, 1907: 355; Vigas, 1945: 4), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 63), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 253). Elephantopus sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F18874), Mato Grosso (IBI-16733), Par (IBI-13248), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 103), RioGrande do Sul (PUR-F18872), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355; Jackson, 1932: 103). Coleosporium vernoniae is widespread in the Americas on Elephantopus spp. and on Vernonia in North America. Records of hosts have also been reported as Orthopappus sp. and Pseudelephantopus sp. These genera are often recognized as closely related to Elephantopus. Spermogonia mostly on the upper leaf surface, in 1 or 2 rows. Aecia on both surfaces, large and conspicuous, flattened laterally (Peridermium sp., known only in the SE United States of America on Pinus spp.), Uredinia on both leaf surfaces or usually only on the abaxial surface, yellow when fresh but nearly white when old and dry; urediniospores catenulate, (17-)20-26(-30) x (14-)16-20(-22) m mostly ellipsoid or broadly so, nearly uniformly verrucose with rods or ridges mostly 1.5-2 m high, these commonly united in irregular or pseudoreticulate patterns, the wall minus verrucae about 1 m thick, colorless. Telia (basidiosori) on the abaxial side, early exposed, hard when dry about orange color or paler, mostly 2 or 3 basidia deep but the basidia not catenulate, (44-)50-66(-70) x (16-)18-22(-24) m, cylindrical or elongately clavate, mostly transversely septate but some collections commonly have some cruciately septate basidia the apical gelatinous layer (20-)25-35(-40) m thick; basidiospores .(few seen) 20-26 x 12-14 m oblong ellipsoid or slightly alantoid (Cummins, 1978). Cronartium E. Fries, Obs. Myc. 1: 220. 1815. TYPE SPECIES Cronartium asclepiadeum Fries on an undetermined species of Asclepiadaceae from Europe. Cronartium, a heteroecious genus of the Northern Hemisphere, does not occur in Brazil. Its spermogonia and aecia are on galls on stems and cones of Pinus species. Uredinia and telia are on various dicotyledonous hosts. One or two short cycle species are known on Pinus spp. in the Northern Hemisphere. They have the morphology of the aecia of their parental long cycle species and produce similar stem galls. These are placed in the genus Endocronartium. If accidently introduced into Brazil, perhaps they could produce an important disease in Pinus plantations.

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Cronartium byrsonimatis P. Hennings, see CROSSOPSORA BYRSONIMATIS (P. Hennings) R.S. Peterson. Cronartium egenulum Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 10: 405. 1912. Not a rust, but abnormal epidermal hairs. Cronartium notatum Arthur & J.R. Johnston, see CROSSOPSORA NOTATA (Arthur & J.R. Johnston) Arthur. Cronartium praelongum Winter, see CIONOTHRIX PRAELONGA (Winter) Arthur. Cronartium uleanum Sydow, see CROSSOPSORA ULEANA (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) R.S. Peterson. Cronartium usneoides P. Hennings, see CIONOTHRIX USNEOIDES (P. Hennings) Sydow. CROSSOPSORA H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol., Berlin, 16: 243. 1919. TYPE SPECIES, Crossopsora zizyphi (H. Sydow & E. J. Butler) H. Sydow & P. Sydow ( Cronartium zizyphi H. Sydow & Butler) on Zizyphus oenopilia and Z. rugosa, Rhamnaceae, from India. Phakopsoraceae. Spermogonia subcuticular, Group VI (type 7). Aecia subepidermal, opening by a pore-like rupture of the epidermis, without peridium, Caeoma-type, aeciospores in vertical rows, echinulate. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, usually with septate and basally united paraphyses, Malupa-type; urediniospores borne singly, echinularte, pores scattered but obscure. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent with strongly adherent teliospores produced from closely adhering teliosporeogenous cells that results in long, brown, hair-like telial columns. Each teliospore has one lateral germpore. Nine species of Crossopsora have been reported from the Old World. Buritica (1999) reported 11 more species in the Neotropics, including four new species and two new unconnected anamorph species that probably belong to new species of Crossopsora. Key to help identify species of Crossopsora in the Neotropics on Apocynaceae 1. Anamorph soral paraphyses straight, mostly more than 100 m long Malupa condilocarpi (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen. (Brazil). 1. Anamorph soral paraphyses incurved, usually less than 100 m long 2 2. Telial paraphyses mostly more than 80 m long Crossopsora angusta Joerstad (Brazil). 2. Telial paraphyses mostly less than 80 m long Crossopsora stevensii H. Sydow (Colombia, Trinidad, Guyana, Guatemala), On Asclepiadaceae 1. Uredinial sori with abundant, septate intrasoral paraphyses; telial paraphyses peripheral, straight, and Crossopsora asclepiadaceae Buritic & Hennen (Brazil). long 1. Uredinial sori without intrasoral paraphyses, telial paraphyses straight and short. Crossopsora mateleae Dale (Brazil, Trinidad, Central America). On Bignoniaceae 1. On Xylophragma sp. Minas Gerais Crossopsora crassa Buritic & Hennen (Brazil). On Bixaceae 1. On Bixa, anamorph paraphyses incurved Crossopsora bixae Buritic (Brazil, Colombia). On Leguminosae 1. On Hymenaea, anamorph in Peridipes Crossposora hymenaeae Dianese et al. (Neotropics) On Malpighiaceae

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1. On Byrsonima, uredinia paraphyses short, spore walls with irregular, elongated verrucae, and smooth Crossopsora notata (Arthur & Johnson) Arthur (Neotropica). areas 1. On Byrsonima, uredinia paraphyses long and thick, spore wall uniformly echinulate Crossopsora byrsonimatis (P. Hennings) R. Peterson (Neotropica) . On Piperaceae 1. On Piper, anamorph paraphyses hyaline, flexuous Crossopsora piperis R. Berndt et al. Malupa piperium (H. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen (Brazil, Ecuador). On Solanaceae 1. On Cyphomandra and Solanum, anamorph with long, thin paraphyses Crosopsora uleana (H. & P. Sydow) R. Peterson (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia). On Vitaceae 1. On Cissus, anamorph in Physopella Crossopsora wilsoniana (Arthur) Arthur (Northern S America, C America, West Indies). CROSSOPSORA ANGUSTA Joerstad, Arkiv. Bot. Ser. 2, 3: 448. 1956. TYPE on Echites sulphurea Velloso from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Cuiab, 19 June 1922, Malme sn. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Malupa joerstadae Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 411. 1999. TYPE on Echites sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Lus Antonio, Horto Florestal, 8 July 1983, J. F. Hennen et al. (IBI-14677). On Apocynaceae: Echites sulphurea Velloso, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 448). ?Echites sp., So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 411; IBI-14676). Crossopsora angusta has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia ansd aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent by a small pore, pale yellowish, hymenium concave; paraphyses peripheral, 27-32 x 5-9 m, incurved, outer wall 4-6 m thick, yellowish, inner wall thinner; urediniospores 26-30(-36) x 19-24 m, ellipsoid, wall uniformely 1-1.5 m thick, finely echinulate, yellowish, germ pores 4-5, more or less equatorial. Telia in small groups on spots up to 2 mm across on abaxial side of leaves, telia in the form of filiform rods up to 2 mm long and 30-44 m across, dark brown; paraphyses peripheral, 80-150 x 3-5 m, straight, outer wall 2-3 m thick, yellowish; teliospores 23-45 x 7-10 m (fide Joerstad), 40-56 x 5-8 m (fide Buritic), in rows, the rows grouped into rods 5-6 spores across, spore walls evenly 1-1.5 m thick, germ pore 1, in the upper end of the spore (Joerstad, 1956; Buritic, 1999). Joerstad (1956) described only telia for Crossopsora angusta and reported that it was very similar to Crossopsora stevensii H. Sydow from Guyana and Trinidad. Buritic (1999) first described an anamorph of Crossopsora angusta and reported the two species could be identified by the length of the peripheral paraphyses in the uredinia: those of Crossopsora angusta are 80 m long while those of C. stevensii are less than 80 m long. An unconnected anamorph, Malupa condylocarpi, also from Brazil, has paraphyses 100 m or more long. CROSSOPSORA ASCLEPIDIACEAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 408. 1999. TYPE on undetermined Asclepiadaceae genus, from Brazil, Baha: ca 20 km. N of Victoria de Conquista, 9 Mar 1984, J. F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen-84-227. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Malupa peckoltiae (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 409. 1999. ' Uredo peckoltiae Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 332. 1903. TYPE on Peckoltia pedalis Fournier, Asclepiadaceae, from Brazil: Goas, place and date?, Gardner s.n. = Uredo apocynaceae Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 3. 1908. TYPE on Cyathostelma sp., from Brazil, So Paulo: Serra de Cantareira, Mar 1903, Puttemans-694. On Asclepiadaceae Cyathostelma sp., So Paulo (Sydow,. 1903: 332; as Uredo apocynaceae). Peckoltia pedalis Fournier,: Goas (Sydow, 1903: 332; as Uredo peckoltiae)

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Schubertia grandiflora Martius, Par (Albuquerque-779, reported as Crossopsora mateleae Dale, Albuquerque, 1971). Undetermined genus, Bahia (IBI-13467); Minas Gerais (IBI-16429, -16432). Crossopsora asclepiadaceae has been reported from Brazil and perhaps Cuba. Joerstad (1956) reported Uredo peckoltiae from Cuba on Poicillopsis oblongata (Grisebeck ) Sclecthtendahl, Asclepiadaceae, which may be an anamorph of Crossopsora asclepiadaceae. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, single or in circular groups, subepidermal in origin, 0.1-0.3 mm across, opening by a pore, hymenium concave, paraphyses united below, 36-60 x 6-9 m, numerous, peripheral, straight to curved, wall, to 4 m thick dorsally, and up to 12 m thick apically, yellowish; Malupa-spores 27-32(-45) x 20-23(-26) m, variable in size and shape, globoid, obovoid, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, uniformly and finely echinulate, pores 2-4, more or less equatorial or obscure; telia on the abaxial side of leaves, filiform, dark brown, paraphyses 30-50 x 6-8 m, peripheral, slightly curved, wall up to 4 m thick, yellowish; teliospores in vertical rows, the rows stuck together forming columns 7-8 spores across, teliospores 30-36 x 8-12 m, oblong, wall uniformly ca 1 m thick, yellowish, pore below the equatorial region, germination without dormancy. CROSSOPSORA BIXAE Buritic, Caldasia 12: 166. 1978. TYPE on Bixa orellana Linnaeus from Colombia, Meta: 26 km from San Juan de Arama to Vista Hermosa, 10 Jan 1976, P. Buritic-76056. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Malupa bixae (Arthur) Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. Medellin 5: 188. 1994. ' Uredo bixae Arthur, Mycologia 7: 327. 1915. TYPE on Bixa orellana Linnaeus from Puerto Rico, Adjuntas, 2 Mar 1913, F. L. Stevens-462. On Bixaceae: Bixa orellana Linnaeus, Amazonas (J.F.&M.M.Hennen-s.n., 1982), Par (PUR-F18712). Buritic (1999) recorded Crossopsora bixae also from Colombia, and Puerto Rico. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, scattered or in small groups, subepidermal in origin, opening by a small pore; paraphyses peripheral, 38-44 x 7-9 m, slightly curved, elevated on hyphoid tissue, wall 5-8 m thick dorsally, yellowish; urediniospores 30-34 x 2326 m, obovoid to ellipsoid, wall evenly 1 m thick, yellowish, echinulate, germ pores 5(-6), equatorial or ? 2and supraequatorial. Telia as the uredinia but teliospores adherent in filiform columns 2-3 mm long x 40-50 m across, brownish; teliospores 35-45 x 8-11 m, rectangular, wall 0.5-1 m thick, smooth, yellowish, germ pore 1, equatorial. A coloring agent (annatto) from the seeds of Bixa orellana has been used since prehistoric times in the Amazonian regions of South America. CROSSOPSORA BYRSONIMATIS (P. Hennings) R.S. Peterson, Rept. Tottori Mycol.Inst. Japan 10: 210. 1973. (0/Ice,IIpe/III). ' Cronartium byrsonimatis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 2. 1908. TYPE on Byrsonima coccolobifolia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Brazil, So Paulo: Morro Pellado, July 1904, Puttemans-1140. Synanamorphs AECIDIUM BYRSONIMATIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 101. 1895. LECTOTYPE on Byrsonima sp. from Brazil, Gois, Maranho, Sept. 1892, E. Ule-1924. (0/I,?/?). = Aecidium byrsonimaticola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 322. 1895. TYPE on Byrsonima sp. from Brazil, Gois, Ule-2150. = Endophyllum singulare Dietel & Holway, in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 336. 190l. TYPE on Byrsonima sp. (recorded mistakenly as ericaceous plant) from Mexico, Jalisco, M. E. Jones s. n. ' Aecidium singulare (Dietel & Holway) Arthur, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 540. 1918. TYPE same as for Endophyllum singulare. ' Aecidium byrsonimae Kern & Kellerman, J. Mycol. 13: 24. 1907. TYPE on Byrsonima crassifolia (Linnaeus) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Guatemala, Dept. Baja Verapaz, Sierra de las Minas, 10 Mar 1905, Kellerman-4325. On Malpighiaceae: Byrsonima crassifolia (Linnaeus) DeCandolle, So Marcos, Rio Branco (Sydow, 1916:

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71). Byrsonima sericea DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 257). Byrsonima sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 168), Gois, Maranho (Hennings, 1895A: 101; 1895B: 322), Par (Hennings, 1909: 101). Aecidium byrsonimatis has been reported also from Venezuela, Trinidad, Central America and Mexico. Spermogonia densely and equally distributed on both sides of leaves and stems on deformed, systemically infected shoots, subcuticular, at first yellow-brown, finally chestnut-brown. Aecia scattered among the spermogonia, cylindrical, sometimes up to 1-3 mm high, white; peridial cells firmly united in regular rows, 36-65 x 20-30 m, rhomboid, outer facing wall 3-4 m thick, smooth, inner facing wall 5-7 m thick, coarsely verrucose; aeciospores 28-55 x 22-35 m, angular ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong, often apiculate, wall 2-3.5 m thick at sides, often thicker at the base, apex usually greatly thickened 5-24 m, yellowish-brown (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923). Aecidium byrsonimatis is almost certainly the aecial anamorph of Crossopsora byrsonimatis, although no experimental inoculations have been reported. Malupa notata (Arthur) Buritic in Buritic & Pardo-Cardona, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 20: 219. 1996. . We have reidentified the host of Uredo alibertiae P. Hennings as Byrsonima sp., Malpighiaceae, and the rust as an anamorph of a Crossopsora. The host was originally misidentified as Alibertia elliptica, Rubiaceae (P. Hennings. 1896. Hedwigia 3: 254). If Uredo alibertiae turns out to be an anamorph C. byrsonimatis, then Uredo alibertiae would have nomenclatural priority over U. notata Arthur. ' Uredo notata Arthur, Mycologia 9: 89. 1917. TYPE on Byrsonima crassifolia Linnaeus) DeCandolle from Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 7 Mar 1916. Whetzel & Olive. = Uredo amicosa Arthur, Bull Torrey Bot. Club 45: 121. 1919. TYPE on Byrsonima crassifolia from Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 29 Mar 1917. H. E. Thomas-264. The host was mistakenly reported originally as Chrysophyllum cainito Linnaeus, Sapotaceae. On Malpighiaceae: Byrsonima affinis H. Anderson, Minas Gerais (IBI-12632A). Byrsonima coccolobifolia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Minas Gerais (IBI-12643), So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 2, IBI-15050). Byrsonima crassifolia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Par (IBI-13242). Byrsonima densa , Maranho (IBI-15625). Byrsonima fagifolia, Minas Gerais (IBI-12779). Byrsonima intermedia Jussieu, Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-13343), Minas Gerais (IBI-12801), Sao Paulo (IBI-12559). Byrsonima pachyphylla, Goais (IBI-13665). Byrsonima sp., Amap (IBI-16083), Mato Grosso (IBI-16751), Minas Gerais (IBI-14495), Para (IBI-16039), So Paulo (IBI-12596). Crossopsora byrsonimatis has been reported from southern Brazil to Mexico. CROSSOPSORA CRASSA Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 411. 1999. TYPE on Xylophragma myriantha (Chamisso) Sprague from Brazil, Minas Gerais: S W of Leopoldina on highway to Juis de Fora, 14 Nov 1976, J. F. Hennen & M. M. Hennen-76-648 (IBI12821). (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Malupa crassa Buritic & Hennen in Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 411. 1999. TYPE same as for Crossopsora crassa. On Bignoniaceae Xylophragma myriantha (Chamisso) Sprague, Gois (IBI-13226), Minas Gerais (IBI-12809, 12821, -12812), (Buritic, 1999: 412). Crossopsora crassa has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered or in groups of 2 to 5 on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, hymenium semiconcave, deeply immersed, crater-form; paraphyses 30-35 9-12 m, peripheral, raise up by hyphoid tissue, branched, septate, curved; wall irregulatly thickened, dorsally and

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apically to ca 6 m, the inner wall less; urediniospores 31-39 x 18-23 m, obovoid, wll 0.5-1.0 m thick, occasionally 1-2 at the apex, finely echinulate, germ pores 2, one at the apex, one at the base. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered singly or in small groups, subepidermal in origin, surrounded by hyphoid tissue, hymenium flat; teliospores in laterally united, long rows, that form columns or hair-like filaments 5-6 spores across ( 40-45 m wide) and up to 1 mm long; teliospores 35-45 x 9-11 m, cuboid to rectangular, walls cinnamonm-brown, outer facing wall ca 2 m thick, inner facing wall 1 m thick, germ pore 1, in outer facing wall, germination without dormancy (Buritic, 1999). CROSSOPSORA HYMENAEAE Dianese, Buritic, & Hennen, Fitopatol. bras. 19: 589. 1994. TYPE on Hymenaea stigonocarpa Martius from Brazil, Gois: between Rialma and Rianopolis, 16 July 1979, J. F Hennen & M. M. Hennen-79-178 (IBI-13654). (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Crossopsora hymeneae Buritic & Hennen in Buritic & Pardo-Cardono, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 20: 213. 1996. TYPE same as for Crossopsora hymenaeae Dianese, Buritic & Hennen. Anamorph Peridipes hymenaeae (Mayor) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic & Pardo-Cardono, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 20: 213. 1996, Uredo hymeneae Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatal Sci. Nat. 5: 586. 1913. TYPE on Hymenaea sp from Colombia, Antioquia: between Sabaletas and Titirib, 15 Sept. 1910, E. Mayor-149. On Leguminosae: Hymenaea stigonocarpa Martius, Distr. Fed., Mato Grosso (IBI-16721; Dianese et al., 1994). Hymenaea sp., Gois (IBI-16659), Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais (IBI-16368; Dianese et al., 1994), So Paulo (IBI-14699). Peridipes hymenaeae, as Uredo hymenaeae, an anamorph of Crossopsora hymeneae, has been reported also from Colombia, Central America, The West Indies, and. Mexico. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.3-0.7mm across, on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in loose groups on brownish spots, subepidermal in origin, opening by an irregular central pore in the overarching epidermis, powdery, dark cinnamon-brown, peridium hyphoid, paraphyses in hymenium 4048 x 9-12(-17) m, cylindrical, flexuous, wall thin, occasionally 2-3 m thick at apex; urediniospores {26)29-33(-39) x (13-)16-17(-20) m, obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1 m at sides, 2-4 m thick at apex, moderately echinulate, pores (2-)3-4, superequatorial. Telia scattered on the abaxial side of leaflets, subepiermal in origin, erumpent as filiform columns, or mostly developing in old uredinia, dark brown, teliospores in groups of rows united to form a colum, individual spores 26-32 x 7-10 m, rectangular, wall ca 1 m thick, cinnamon-brown, those on the outside minutely roughened, germ pore 1, near the end of the spore (Buritic et al., 1996). CROSSOPSORA MATELEAE Dale, Commonw. Mycol. Inst. Mycol. Papers 59: 4. 1955. TYPE on Matelea viridifolia (Meyer) Woods from Trinidad: River State, Diego Martin, 4 Mar 1947, W. T. Dale-1335. (?/?,II/III). On Asclepiadaceae: Oxypetalum appendiculatum Martius, Sao Paulo (de Carvalho, 2001: 74; IBI-18337). Crossopsora mateleae has been reported also from The West Indies and Central America, and on Gonolobus, Macroscepis, and Matelea. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, in groups, cinnamon-brown; supepidermal in origin, opening by a pore, hymenium concave, without intrasoral paraphyses, peripehral paraphyses 25-58 x 8-9 m, dorsal wall up to 5 m thick; urediniospores 29-33(-37) x 20-33 m, angular, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall uniformly 1 m thick, finely echinulate, cinnamon-brown; germ pores 3-5, more or less equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered singly, filiform, dark coffee-brown; paraphyses 21-35 x 6-9 m, peripheral, straight, wall to 5 m thick, yellowish; teliospores 40-55 6-9 m, rectangular, in long vertical rows, wall uniformly 1 m thick, yellowish, germ pore 1, below the equator, germination without dormancy; teliospores coherent in long columns 5-7 spores across (Dale, 1955). CROSSOPSORA NOTATA (Arthur & J.R. Johnston) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 695. 1925. ' Cronartium notatum Arthur & J.R. Johnston, Memm. Torrey Bot. Club. 17: 114.1918. TYPE

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on Byrsonema crassifolia (Linnaeus) deCandolle from Cuba, Las Tunas, 29 Mar 1916, J. R. Johnston. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Malupa miuma Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 414. 1999. TYPE same as for Cronartium notatum listed above. On Malpighiaceae: Byrsonima cocclobifolia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Minas Gerais, Federal District (Buritic, 1999: 415). Byrsonima coriacea DeCandolle, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 147; IAN-492). Byrsonima crassifolia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 147). Byrsonima intermedia Jussieu, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 361). Mato Grosso do Sul (Buritic, 1999: 415). Byrsonima rotunda Grisebach, Federal District (Buritic, 1999: 415). Byrsonima sp., Par (IAC-8232). Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais (Buritic, 1999: 415). Crossopsora notata has been reported also from Cuba and perhaps Central America. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered singly or occasionally in small groups, pale cinnamon-brown, subepidermal in origin, opening by a slit, hymenium concave, paraphyses peripheral, 25-35 m, straight, rarely curved, then 58-65 x 10-12 m, wall 6-8 m thick, yellowish; urediniospores 42-46 x 2734 m, obovoid to ellipsoid, wall 3-4 m thick, occasionally 6-8 m thick in apex, yellowish, prominently, irregularly verrucose, verrucae in irregular groups and in lines with smooth areas, germ pores 2-3(-4), supraequatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered singly, paraphyses peripheral, 25-35 m long, subtended by hyphoid tissue surrounding the sorus; teliospores adherent laterally and end to end in long rows forming filiform, hair-like, coffee-brown columns, 5-8 spores across, individual spores 55-65 x 30-36 m, rectangular to ellipsoid, outer facing walls 4-6 m thick, yellowish, smooth, germ pore 1, near the apical end of spore; germination without dormancy. Crossopsora opposita Sydow, see CROSSOPSORA ULEANA (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) R.S. Peterson. CROSSOPSORA PIPERIS Berndt, R., F. Freire, and C. N. Bastos, Mycotaxon 83: 266. 2002. TYPE on Piper hostmannianum from Brazil. Anamorph Malupa piperinum (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 412. 1999. ' Cerotelium piperinum Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 37: 318. 1939. TYPE on Piper sp. cf. pastasani Diels (Piperaceae), from Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza, 21 Feb 1937, Sydow883. Telia not described. Uredo piperinum (Sydow) Berndt, R., F. Freire, and C. N. Bastos, Mycotaxon 83: 266. 2002. On Piperaceae Piper hostmannianum Piper sp., Rio de Janeiro (Buritic & Hennen, 1999: 412: Puttemans-1959). We found a few telia of Crossopsora in Puttemans' specimen but not enough for a good type. Hopefully a new collection with sufficient telia will be found so that this anamorph species can be placed in Crossopsora. CROSSOPSORA ULEANA (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) R.S. Peterson, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst.(Japan) 10: 221. 1973. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Cronartium uleanum H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 70. 1916. TYPE on Cyphomandra sp, Solanaceae, from Peru (probably currently Brazil), Rio Acre, Seringal Auristella, May 1911, Ule-3422. = Crossopsora opposita Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 37: 319. 1939. TYPE on Solanum theobromophyllum Bitter (?= Solanum anceps Ruiz & Pavon) from Ecuador, Tungurahua: near Bans, Hacienda San Antonio, 12 Jan 1938, H. Sydow-717. Anamorph Malupa montesina Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 415. 1999. TYPE same as for Cronartium uleana given above.

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On Solanacae: Cyphomandra sp., Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916A: 70). Crossopsora uleana has been reported also on Solanum and from Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, in circular groups, subepidermal in origin, deeply embeded, opening by a pore; paraphyses peripheral, 28-70 x 7-11 m, wall irregularly thickened 2-4 m, yellowish; urediniospores sessile, 26-30 x 19-24 m, obovoid to ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, uniformly echinulate, yellowish, germ pores probably 3, supraequatorial. Telia by the uredinia, hymenium flat to slightly concave, originating deep in host tissue; paraphyses 80-110 x 5-8 m, flexuous, wall 2-4 m thick, yellowish, peripheral at the opening of the sorus originating from hyphoid tissue below; teliospores in long linear rows, forming filiform columns 1-3 mm long, 10 teliospores across, teliospores 60-80 x 6-8 m, linear, wall more or less uniformly less than 1 m thick, cinnamon-brown, germ pore 1, supraequatorial. The long, narrow teliospores aid in identifying Crossopsora uleana. We include this record from an area reported originally to be in Peru close to Brazil but the current border probably puts the collection site in Brazil. New collections are needed to determine if this rust occurs in Brazil. Ctenoderma Ctenoderma cristatum (Spegazzini) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see SKIERKA CRISTATA Mains. CUMMINSIELLA Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 475. 1933. TYPE SPECIES, Uropyxis sanguinea Arthur on Mahonia sp. (Berberidaceae) from The United States of America. See McCain & Hennen (1982) for a monograph of the species of Cumminsiella. Family Pucciniaceae. Spermogonia subepidermal, Group V (type 4). Aecia with Aecidium morphology, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, with peridium, aeciospores catenulate, verrucose. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, with or without paraphyses, urediniospores borne singly on pedicels, walls echinulate or verrucose, pores mostly zonate. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, teliospores 2-celled, borne singly on pedicels, wall pigmented, often bilaminate, the surface variously sculptured, germ pore 2 in each cell, metabasidia external. Eight species have been reported, all on Mahonia or Berberis {Berberidaceae), all autoecious and macrocyclic, and all native to North and South America. CUMMINSIELLA SANTA McCain & Hennen, Systematic Bot. 7: 49. 1982. TYPE on Berberis sp., Berberidaceae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: ca 60 km S of Lajes on highway 116, 27 Nov 1976, J. Hennen & M. Hennen-76-739, IBI-12913. (?/?,IIpe/III). Cumminsiella santa has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not reported. Urediniospores mixed in telia, 23-26 x 14-18 m, obovoid, wall ca 1 m thick, verrucose, colorlessd to pale cinnamon-brown, pores 3-4, equatorial. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 0.3-0.5 mm across, blackish-brown, teliospores 24-29 x 23-25 m, broadly ellipsoid, broadly rounded above and below, slightly constricted at the septum, wall (1-)1.5-2 m thick, but 2.5-4 m thick over pores, chestnut-brown, two layered, outer layer minutely verrucose, pores 2 in each cell, opposite, next to the septum in each cell, pedicel 25-80 m long, 4-5 m wide near spore, wider and thicker walled distally, then thinner-waled and verrucose towards the base. not collapsing laterally. (McCain and Hennen, 1982). Cumminsiella santa differs from the seven other species of Cumminsiell because of the near absence of teliospore surface roughness and its relatively thin-walled urediniospores. Only two other species have been reported from South America, Cumminsiella antarctica and C. stolpiana. Both of these have been reported only from far south in Argentina and Chile. Unlike the other six specoies these have pedicels that swell greatly in liquid mounts. Cystingophora Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 131. 1907. TYPE: Cystingophora hieronymi (Spegazzini) Arthur ( Ravenelia hieronymi Spegazzini).

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Arthur proposed the genus Cystingophora for species of Ravenelia that have an Aecidium anamorph but it is no longer used as a genus. Cystingophora hieronymi (Spegazzini) Arthur, see RAVENELIA HIERONYMI Spegazzini. Dasturella divina (H. Sydow) Mundkur & Kheswala, see KWEILINGIA DIVINA (H. Sydow) Buritic. DASYSPORA Berkeley & Curtis, J. Philadelphia Acad. Sci. ser. 2; 2: 281. 1853. TYPE SPECIES: Dasyspora gregaria (Kunze) P. Hennings (D. foveolata Berkeley & Curtis). Spermogonia subepidermal, type 5. Aecia and uredinia unknown, probably not produced. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent; spores 2-celled by horizontal septum, borne singly on pedicels, wall pigmented, beset with rod-like verrucae, germ pore 1 in each cell, metabasidium external. Dasyspora gregaria occurs in the American tropics on Xylopia spp. (Annonaceae). Dasyspora differs from Puccinia in the type of spermogonium. The reported hyphoid aecium is an alga (Hennen and Figueiredo, 1981). DASYSPORA GREGARIA (G. Kunze) P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 231. 1896. (0/-,-/III),(-/-,-/III). 'Puccinia gregaria G. Kuntze in Weigelt exsicc., 1827 (?), date of issue uncertain. Type: On Xylopia sp. (Annonaceae), Surinam, Weigelt s.n. (Holotype B, n.v., isotypes issued in Weigelts exsicc. by Kunze, PUR, NY, etc.). =Dasyspora foveolata Berkley & Curtis, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia II. 2: 281. 1853. Type: a duplicate of the Weigelt specimen listed above for P. xylopiae G. Kuntze but separated from the original collection by Schweinitz (Holotype K, isotypes PH, PUR). [Aecidium foveolatum Berkeley & Curtis as Schweinitz MSS, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia II. 2: 281. 1853, nom. ambig. Type. same as listed above for D. foveolata. The name probably applies to an associated alga, Stomatochroon sp.] =Puccinia compacta Thuemen, Flora 1875. 364. Type. An isotype of P. gregaria G. Kuntze but with erroneous label. Not P. compacta Berkeley, 1855. =Puccinia winteri Pazschke, Hedwigia 29: 158. 1890. Type. On Xylopia sp. Brazil: Rio De Janeiro, Aug 1887, Ule 98 (Holotype, B, n.v., isotypes issued as Pazschke Fungi europaei et extraeuropaei, cent. 37, no. 3662. n.v.). =Puccinia foveolata (Berkeley & Curtis) P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 95. 1895. Oidium parasiticum Kunze in ex P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 231. 1896, probably applies to an associated alga, Stomatochroon sp. =Dicaeoma winteri (Pazschke) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3 3: 471. 1898. Dasyspora gregaria has been reported as widespread in the Neotropics Spermogonia when produced epiphyllous in small groups. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia hypophyllous grouped opposite the spermogonia, or alone, blackish brown, pulvinate becoming pulverulent, spores (27-)30-34(-37) x (19-)22-24(-28) m, oblong, wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, closely tuberculate in the mid-region with the tubercles discrete or united in various patterns, beset basally and apically with rod-like (3-)5-6(-8) m long processes furcated apically in short branches at least in part, chestnut-brown, pores not seen, pedicel slender, thin-walled, colorless, to 40 m long, or often broken much shorter. On Annonaceae: Xylopia aromatica (Lamarck) Martius, Apia (IBI-17075, 90-32Gois (PUR-F8700), Mato Grosso (PUR-F18202; Hennen & Figueiredo, Mycologia1981: 350), So Paulo (IBI-17201). Xylopia frutescens Aub., Pernambuco(IBI-15546). Xylopia grandiflora Saint-Hilaire, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 448), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 230), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 27; Joerstad, 1956: 448; IAC-3328). Xylopia ocrantha Martius, Bahia (Vigas, 1945: 27; IAC-3039; IBI-2272). Xylopia sp., Amap (IBI-15994), Amazonas (IBI-17349), Apia (IBI-15944), Federal District (IBI-12672), Gois (PUR-F18771), Maranho (PUR-F18774), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14323), Minas Gerais (IBI-1587), Par (IBI-13625), Pernambuco (Batista & Bezerra,1960: 8; IBI-15586), So Paulo (IAC-3188; IBI-15769).

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Dasyspora gregaria is a common rust on Neotropical species of Xylopia. Even phanerogamic herbarium specimens have yielded a number of Dasyspora gregaria specimens. Only about half of the telial sori are associated with spermogonia within a population. This may indicate heterogeneity in self fertility and sterility. Hennen & Figueiredo (1981) discovered that a bright yellow orange zoosporangial stage of an alga, Stomatocroon sp, that is often associated with sori of this rust, has been mistakenly reported at various times to be an aecial or uredinial anamorph of this species. This alga was thought at one time to be a hyphoid aecium.. The symbiotic relationship between these two organisms is unknown. Close relatives of this alga have been mistaken for fungi several times (Reynolds, 198?). Although germination pores are not visible in the teliospores, we have seen a metabasidium emerging form each end of spores indicating that one apical pore occurs in the upper probasidial cell and one basal pore is in the lower cell next to the pedicel. This species could be placed in Puccinia but because of the unique teliospore wall sculpture of coarse tubercles around the sides that merge into larger bifurcated processes at each end of the teliospores, we keep it as a separate genus.

Dendroecia Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 340. 1906. TYPE SPECIES: Dendroecia farlowiana Dietel Arthur ( Ravenelia farlowiana Dietel). Arthur proposed Dendroecia for short cycled species of Ravenelia but it is no longer in use. Dendroecia lysilomae (Arthur) Arthur, see RAVENELIA LYSILOMAE Arthur var. LYSILOMAE. DESMELLA H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann Mycol. (Berlin) 16: 241. 1919. TYPE SPECIES Desmella anemiae H. Sydow & P. Sydow, on Anemia tomentosa from Brazil. See below. See description of Desmella anemiae below. Desmella, for which we believe only one species is known, D. anemiae, occurs only in the Neotropics and recently was reported from Hawaii. It has been found on about 21 different genera of ferns. The genus is characterized by producing sori that originate in substomatal chambers of the host leaflets (pinnae). Sporogenous cells are formed that emerge through the stomata and produce uredinio- and teliospores suprastomataly. Several special haustorial hyphae extend from the substomatal sorus and terminate as well developed haustoria within epidermal cells on the adaxial side of the leaf opposite the sorus. The teliospores are two-celled by a vertical to oblique septum and with colorless walls that are thickened distally.. Spermogonia and aecia are unknown. These very simple thalli of Desmella that consist only of one sorus and a few specialized haustorial hyphae resemble the very similar simple thalli of certain Hemileia species in India. DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow (as ANEIMIAE), Ann. Mycol. 16: 241. 1918. LECTOTYPE on Anemia tomentosa var. fulva (Schizaeaceae) from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Tubaro, Ule-515. Lectotype chosen here. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Caeoma mbatobiensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 96. 1884. TYPE on ?Pteris sp., from Paraguay, near Mbatobi, July 1883, B. Balansa-3866. This anamorph species needs to be transferred to Wardia, another anamorph genus. = Caeoma superficiale Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 96. 1884. TYPE on Blechnum sp. from Paraguay, near Mbatobi, July 1883, B. Balansa-3882. = Uredo gymnogrammes P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 337. 1895. TYPE on Gymnogramna sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina, ?date?, Alfr. Moeler-s.n. = Uredo aneimiae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 255. 1896. LECTOTYPE, the same as for Desmella anemiae H. Sydow & P. Sydow. = Uredo blechnicola P.Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 165. 1904. TYPE on Blechnum voluble from Brazil, Rio Jura, Juru-Mirim, August 1901, Ule-3141. = Uredo nephrolepidis Dietel, Mem. Soc. neuchteloise Sci. nat. 5: 576. 1913. TYPE on

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Nephrolepis pendula Raddi. from Colombia, Antioquia: from Angelopolis to Guaca, 12 Sept, 1910, Mayor-151. = Desmella gymnogrammes H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 16: 242. 1918. TYPE, see Uredo gymnogrammes above, telia not described. = Desmella mbatobiense H & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 16: 241. 1918. TYPE, see Caeoma mbatobiensis above, telia not described. = Desmella superficialis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 16: 242. 1919. TYPE, see Caeoma superficiale above, telia not described. = Desmella superficialis Kern in Stevenson, Fungi of Puerto Rico, Contr. Reed Herb. P. 264. 1975. TYPE, see Caeoma superficiale above, telia not described. On Pteridophytes: Schizaeaceae, Blechnaceae, and Thelypteridaceae (Polypodiaceae): Anemia fulva (Cavanilles) Swartz (Schizaeaceae), So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 140). On ferns Anemia tomentosa Swartz, Santa Catarina (PUR-F1240). Anemia sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293), Rio de Janeiro(Maublanc & Rangel, 1915: 15), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 112). Blechnum sp. (Blechnaceae), Amazonas (Hennings, 1904: 165). Gymnogramma sp. (Polypodiaceae), Santa Catarina (Hennings,1895: 337). Nephrolepis sp., So Paulo (IBI-13823). Polypodium sp. Mato Grosso (IBI-16767), Minas Gerais (IBI-14578), So Paulo (IBI-). Thelypteris sp., (Cyclosorus dentata (Forskal) Ching (Polypodiaceae,Thelypteridaceae),) Minas Gerais (IBI-14465), So Paulo (IBI-12103). Genus undetermined, Amap (IBI-16030), Cear (IBI-17134). We treat Desmella as having only one species that is wide ranging in the Neotropics from Argentina to Mexico with a wide host range of various ferns. It has also been reported from Hawaii and has been found on cultivated ornamental ferns in So Paulo State. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Sori originate in abaxial substomatal chambers, a small group of sporogenous cells emerge from substomatal chambers squeeze through the stomata and produce uredinio- and teliospores suprastomataly. Several special haustorial hyphae extend from the substomatal sorus and terminate in well developed haustoria within adaxial epidermal cells opposite the sorus. Urediniospores (19)24(-27), mostly globoid; wall ca 1-2 m thick, evenly echinulate, colorless; pores obscure. Teliospores twocelled by a vertical to oblique septum, (18-)20(-23) m high x (21-)25(-28) m wide, walls ranging from ca 1.5 m thick at base and sides to 7 m thick distally, smooth, colorless to pale yellowish. The synonyms listed above were segregated originally because of different hosts or slight differences in anamorph spore size, spore wall thickness, visibility of germ pores, and echinulation. These differences are most likely due to variations in spore ages. Because of the way spores are produced on the suprastomatal sori, spores of different ages may be placed in microscopic preparations. It may be difficult to determine if the spores being described are mature. We use the spelling of the specific epithet here that conforms with the conserved spelling of the host genus Anemia. In most previous reports the spelling has been D. aneimiae. DIABOLE Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49:149. 1922. TYPE SPECIES Diabole cubensis (Arthur) Arthur, (' Uromycladium cubense Arthur & J. R. Johnston ). Family Raveneliaceae. Spermogonia subcuticular, type 7. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia subcuticular in origin, erumpent, blackish brown, powdery; teliospores with a single pedicel that usually bears two or three distal intercalary cells, two laterally free probasidial cells are attached distally to each intercalary cell; thus each teliospore pedicel has four or six, laterally free probasidial cells, germ pores uncertain, perhaps in a basal pale area of each spore, germination unknown but the metabasidium undoubtedly external. The probasidial cells have a unique "velvety" kind of sculpture. The type species, the only one known, has been reported from Cuba, Central America, Mexico, Brazil, and introduced elsewhere on Mimosa spp. (Leguminosae). Diabole is one of a few genera that have subcuticular telia. The genus presumably is related to Ravenelia or Dicheirinia, or perhaps Uromycladium where Arthur first placed it.

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DIABOLE CUBENSIS (Arthur & J. R. Johnston) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 194. 1922. (0/-,-/III). ' Uromycladium cubense Arthur & J. R. Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club. 17: 119. 1918. TYPE on Mimosa pigra L. (nom. conserv..) from Cuba, Cienfuegos, Santa Clara, 6 Nov 1915, Johnston-191) On Leguminosae: Mimosa pigra L. (reported as Acacia cavenia Bentham), Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1959: 73). Diabole cubensis has been reported also from Cuba, Mexico, and Central America only on Mimosa sp. We believe the host of the Brazil record reported by Joerstad (1959) is Mimosa pigra sensu lat., not Acacia cavenia. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular, few in a group, type 7. Aecia and uredinia unknown, doubtless not produced. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, blackish brown, pulverent, teliospores composed of single probasidial cells 15-20 m diam, usually slightly wider than high, borne in pairs on a common, brownish, short intercalary cell on the pedicel, typically 2 or 3 pairs of intercalary cells on each pedice,l often seen in mounts as radially arranged clusters; wall in upper 2/3 or 3/4 of probasidial cells 1.5-2 m thick, chestnut-brown and verrucose, verrucae small, discrete or merging in short series, wall in basal part of cell 0.5-1 m thick, pale and smooth, pores obscure but probably 2 or 3 at the juncture of the pale and chestnut-brown areas of cell wall. The correct nomenclature of the Mimosa host species has been confusing. Barneby (1991), in the most thorough, modern monograph of the genus Mimosa, revised the species complex that includes M. pigra. He included eight taxa in six species in the complex, one of which was the weedy species that is widespread through the tropics and has been reported as the host of Diaoble cubensis. In accordance with the rule of priority and typification of plant names in the ICBN, Barneby found that the name Mimosa pilgra L. could not be applied to the widespread weedy species and that Mimosa pellita Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow was the correct name. But because the name Mimosa pilgra L. had been used widely for the weedy species, under the rules of the ICBN, it was conserved in 1994 with a conserved type specimen from Mozambique and deposited in Kew. The conservation of the name Mimosa pilgra L was important because much research has been published using this namefor the widespread wedy species. In an effort to find methods of biological control, Diabole cubensis has been one of the fungi for this purpose. cubensis has been researched as a possible biological control agent for its hosts because these Mimosa taxa have become very agressive weeds in various parts of the Americas, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Africa. But, It is difficult to know the most up to date names for the hosts. Dicaeoma S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1: 541. 1821. LECTOTYPE SPECIES chosen by Arthur, 1906 is Dicaeoma persicariae Gray, a nom. nov. for Puccinia polygoni-amphibii Persoon, a heteroecious species with uredinia and telia on Polygonum amphibium (Polygonaceae) from Europe. Most species of Dicaeoma are now placed as synonyms of Puccinia. Arthur (1920) used Dicaeoma, based on a confusing mixture of the variations in the morphological and ontogenic concepts of life cycles, for nearly 270 species that were formerly placed in Puccinia. Ontogenically they are long cycled and heteroecious, morphologically the aecia belong to Aecidium and the uredinia belong to various anamorph genera with pedicellate spores. Later, Arthur abandoned the use of this genus and it is not used any more. We have not included all of the many names of Dicaeoma that may be synonyms of rust species that occur in Brazil. Dicaeoma appendiculata (Winter) Kuntze, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur var APPENDICULATUM. Dicaeoma cannae (Winter) Arthur, see Uredo cannae Winter (PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel). Dicaeoma claviformis (Lagerheim) Kuntze, see PUCCINIA CLAVIFORMIS Lagerheim. Dicaeoma cressae (Lagerheim) Kuntze, see PUCCINIA TUYUTENSIS Spegazzini.

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Dicaeoma fuirenicola Arthur, see Uredo fuirenae P. Hennings (PUCCINIA FUIRENICOLA Kern) Dicaeoma hyptidis-mutabilis (Mayor) Arthur, see PUCCINIA HYPTIDIS-MUTABILIS Mayor. Dicaeoma insititium (Arthur) Arthur, see PUCCINIA INSITITIUM Arthur. Dicaeoma leonotidis Arthur, see PUCCINIA LEONOTIDICOLA P. Hennings. Dicaeoma medellinense Arthur, see PUCCINIA MEDELLINENSIS Mayor. Dicaeoma minutum (Dietel) Arthur, see PUCCINIA MINUTA Dietel. Dicaeoma ormosiae (Arthur) Arthur, see DICHEIRINIA ORMOSIAE (Arthur) Cummins. Dicaeoma pampeana (Spegazzini) Kuntze, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. Dicaeoma phakopsoroides (Arthur & Mains) Arthur & Fromme, see PHAKOPSORA PHAKOPSOROIDES (Arthur & Mains) Buritic & Hennen. Dicaeoma paranahybae (P. Hennings) O. Kuntze, see PUCCINIA PARANAHYBAE P. Hennings. Dicaeoma pluchaea Arthur & Jackson, see PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins. Dicaeoma plucheae (Sydow) Arthur & Jackson, see PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins. Dicaeoma polygoni-amphibii Arthur, see PUCCINIA POLYGONI-AMPHIBII Persoon. Dicaeoma prosperum (Arthur) Arthur, see PUCCINIA FARINACEA Long. Dicaeoma scleriae (Pazschke) Arthur, see PUCCINIA SCLERIAE (Pazschke) Arthur. Dicaeoma tuyutensis (Spegazzini) Kuntze, see PUCCINIA TUYUTENSIS Spegazzini. DICHEIRINIA Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 147. 1907. TYPE SPECIES Dicheirinia binata (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur ( Triphragmium binatum Berkeley), see below. Family Raveneliaceae Spermogonia subcuticular, type 7. Aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent; aeciospores borne single on pedicels. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, similar to the aecia but without spermogonia, mostly with peripheral paraphyses which often are branched and "fancy"; urediniospores borne singly on pedicels as the aeciospores, pores equatorial or basal. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent; teliospores with 2-4probasidial cells separated by vertical septa, walls pigmented, mostly ornamented with block-like warts or spines, the pedicel with 1 apical intercalary cell for each probasidial cell, these laterally united, germ pore or slit 1 in each cell, metabasidium external. All of the fifteen species that are known occur on Leguminosae. Dicheirinia canariensis Urries on Cytisus proliferi from the Canary Islands, D. maderensis H. B. Gjaerum on Teline maderensis from Madeira, D. trispora on Abrus precatorius from Maritius, and D. viennotii Huguenin on Albizia sp. from New Caledonia are the only species reported outside of the Neotropics. Seven species are known for Brazil. See Cummins (1935 and 1940) for other species from the Neotropics. Key to help identify Dicheirinia spp. based on urediniospores 1. Uredinia unknown or not produced, microcyclic, only spermogonia and telia: (D. archeri, D. manaosensis, D. quadrispora, D. spinulosa, D. superba. See key based on telia). 1. Urediniospores produced

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2. Urediniospores equatorially three lobed, 1 pore in each lobe (see Ravenelia bakeriana D. guianensis (on Lonchocarpus). also). 2. Urediniospores not lobed 3. Urediniospores with 3 equatorial germpores...D. binata (on Erythrina & D. antunes (on Ormosia). 3. Urediniospores with 1 basal germpore next to hilum 4. Urediniospores (24-)29-34(-37) x (20-)23-26(-28) m, wall echinulate D. ormosiae (on Ormosia). with a smooth spot near base. 4. Urediniospores (18-)22-28(-30) x (15-)18-23(-25) m, wall echinulate without a noticeable smooth spot near base.D. uleana (on Ormosia). Key to help identify Dicheirinia spp. based on telia and paraphyses Add D. mirable (H. Sydow) Hennen & Cummins, and D. manaosensis under both number ones! 1. Teliospores with mostly two- or one probasidial cells. 2. Teliospore pedicel with one intercalary cell, paraphyses "cauliflower-like".... D. ormosia (on Ormosia). 2. Teliospore pedicel with two intercalary cells when two probasidial, paraphyses not "cauliflower-like." 3. Paraphyses very few, if present clavate-capitate, often Puccinia-like, without urediniospores, short-cycled with spermogonia D. manaosensis (on Lonchocarpus, Derris). 3. Paraphyses terminating in an irregular knob or fist-like head, teliospore sculpture D. binata (on Erythrina). digitate 3. Paraphyses not as above, teliospore sculpture cubical, or bead-like 4. Paraphyses straight cylindrical 30-50 x 8-10 m. D. suberba (on Piptadenia). 4. Paraphyses otherwise 5. Paraphyses clavate-capitate, often Uromyces-like. D. archeri (on Lonchocarpus). 5. Paraphyses incurved-cylindrical to worm-like, thick-walled leaving a narrow irregular lumen on inner side 6. Paraphyses 11-18 x to 170 m long, urediniospores angularly obovoid or more or less triangular, wall more or less evenly thickened, germ pore 1, basal. D. uleana (on Ormosia). 6. Paraphyses x to 250 m long, urediniospores mostly sperical, wall closely echinulate with two or three thinner areas associated probably with 2 or 3 supraequatorial germ pores D. antunes sp nov (on Ormosia). 1. Teliospores mostly with three or four probasidial cells. 7. Teliospores mostly four celled, echinulate, telia without paraphyses. 8. Teliospores 20-23(-24) m high x 28-32(-34) wide, becoming smooth basally D. quadrispora (on Acacia) 8. Teliospores 20-32(-36) m high x 26-42(-48) m wide, echinulate below D. spinulosa (on ???). 7. Teliospores mostly three-celled. 9. Paraphyses numerous, clavate-capitate, often Puccinia-like, urediniospores D. guianensis (on Lonchocarpus). often present. 9. Paraphyses very few, if present clavate-capitate, often Puccinia-like, without urediniospores, short-cycled with spermogonia D. manaosensis (on Lonchocarpus & Derris). DICHEIRINIA ARCHERI Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64: 42. 1937. TYPE on Lonchocarpus nicou De Candolle, Scotelweg, Surinam, 2 Nov 1934, W. A. Archer H-256. (0/-,-/III). On Leguminosae

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Derris sp., Amazonas (Rezende, 1999). Lonchocarpus sp., Amazonas (IBI-14119). Dicheirinia archeri has been reported also from Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. Spermogonia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves and on rachis in hypertroped areas. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia around and among the spermogonia, deep-seated, dark brown, paraphyses peripheral, basally united, septate, the terminal cell clavate or capitate, colorless or usually brown, thickened 3-10 m at apex and often Uromyces-like; teliospores 2 celled (very rarely 3 celled) by vertical septum (3035-42(-44) m high, (38-)40-50(-53) m wide with septum in view, wall 1.5-2(-3) m thick except slightly thicker above, chestnut-brown, often or usually smooth basally, densely sculptured above with variously shaped and sized tuberculate or cubical processes (1.5-)2-4(-6) m thick, paler than the wall proper and forming a corona-like layer, pore or slit 1 in each cell wall at apex next to the septum but obscured by the sculpture, pedicel simple below, colorless or yellowish, usually broken just below the 2 distal intercalary cells. Considerable variation occurs mainly in spore size. Apparently, some of the host plants are of commercial importance, hence get moved about (rust and all). Perhaps a variety or varieties could be distinguished if more collections were available. DICHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 147. 1907. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Triphragmium binatum Berkeley & Curtis, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 4: 125. 1859 (1860). TYPE on Erythrina sp, reported originally as leaves of unknown plant, from Nicaragua, date not reported, C. Wright s.n. Diorchidium binatum (Berkeley & Curtis) De-Toni in Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum 7:736. 1888. Anamorph Lecythea pezizaeformis Berkeley & Curtis, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 4: 127. 1859 (1860). TYPE same collection as for Triphragmium binatum Berkeley & Curtis. This name needs to be transfered to an appropriate anamorph genus. [?Uredo pezizaeformis (Berkeley & Curtis) De-Toni in Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum 7: 736. 1888, nom. nov. for Lecythea pezizaeformis]. = Uredo cabreriana Kern & Kellerman, J. Mycol. 13: 25. 1907. TYPE on Erythrina glauca Wildenow from Guatemala, Dept. Izabel, Livingston, 18 Jan 1905, Kellerman-5465. The host was reported mistakenly as Buettneria lateralis (Sterculiaceae) in the original publication. Dicheirinia binata has been reported on Erythrina crista-galli Linnaeus, E. glauca Wildenow, and E. umbrosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Leguminosae, from Central America , Islands in the Caribbean, Trinidad, Venezuela, and Colombia. It has not yet been reported from Brazil but is to be expected. Spermogonia on distorted or gall-like growths on both sides of leaves and petioles. Aecia becoming confluent around the spermogonia, brown, with few or many paraphyses, spores as the urediniospores. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, brown, with numerous, colorless, refractive, irregularly knoblike paraphyses to 30 m wide, solid or near so in the head, urediniospores (28-)32-35(-38) x (22-)25-29(-31) m, asymmetrical, obovoid as usually seen but more or less reniform or with one flat side when turned "on edge", wall (2.5-)3-3.5(-4) m thick at sides, often thicker apically, echinulate, pores 3(4), equatorial. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown, spores 2-celled, (30-)33-38(42) m high, (38-)45-55(-60) m wide when both cells show fully, wall (1.5-)2-3 m thick at sides, 4-6 m thick apically, chestnut-brown, with numerous simple or branched projections to 9 m long and 6 mwide at base; pedicel colorless, to 50 m long, usually broken near intercalary cells, the 2 intercalary cells distinct. Spermogonial and aecial infections occur on greatly swollen, distorted, or gall-like growths on young tissues. DICHEIRINIA GUIANENSIS Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64: 39-40. 1937. TYPE on Lonchocarpus nicou De Candolle, from British Guiana, Bonisiki Landing, Arawan River, N. W. District, , 16 July 1934, W. A. Archer H-248 (orig. publ. date 7 July and coll. no. H-256 erroneous). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae Derris galabrescens (Bentham) Mael:, Par, (10 Oct 1978, O. Freire s.n.).

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Lonchocarpus sp., Amazonas (Krukoff-7690). Dicheirinia guianensis has been reported also from Colombia and British Guiana. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, closely grouped in slightly hypertrophied areas. Aecia around and among the spermogonia, brown, deeply seated, with abundant verrucose, capitate, peripheral paraphyses united basally, septate and resembling teliospores of Puccinia because the apical cell is thick-walled and chestnut-brown apically, aeciospores pedicellate, 40-47(-50) m high, (29-)33-43(-47) m wide, variable in appearance depending on the orientation but strongly 3-lobed equatorially, rounded apically and narrowed basally (with reference to hilum), wall uniformly 2.5-2 m thick, chestnut-brown, echinulate, pores 3 with 1 in each equatorial lobe. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered with little or no hypertrophy, otherwise and the urediniospores as in aecia. Telia first among aecia, later scattered as the uredinia, teliospores 3-celled, (30-)35-44 m high, 35-42(-44) m wide, variable in shape depending upon orientation of spores, the central cell usually higher in placement than the two lateral cells, wall 2-2.5 m thick or slightly thicker apically, dark chestnut-brown, conspicuously adorned especially apically with rounded or cubical tubercles in varying number and arrangements, pores obscure, probably 1 in each cell apically at the inner angles, pedicel simple basally, colorless, with 3 distal intercalary cells, 1 for each probasidial cell. The inconspicuous low, rounded verrucae on the paraphyses were not reported before. The urediniospores and paraphyses are almost identical to those of Ravenelia bakeriana. DICHEIRINIA MANAOSENSIS (P. Hennings) Cummins, Mycologia 27: 158. 1935. (0/-,-/III). ' Diorchidium manaosense P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 159. 1904. TYPE on Lonchocarpus rariflorus Martius from Brazil, Amazonas: Manaos, Rio Negro, August 1900, Ule-3113. (B; probable isotypes Ule, Mycotheca brasiliensis No. 11). 1904. On Leguminosae Lonchocarpus rariflorus Martius, Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 159; Cummins, 1935: 158). Lonchocarpus sp., Roraima (Prance-9639). Dicheirinia manaosensis has been reported also from Colombia and French Guiana. Spermogonia closely grouped in hypertrophied areas of leaf blades, veins, midrib, and peduncles, subcuticular. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia on both sides of leaves, among and around the spermogonia, brown, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, deeply seated, with a few peripheral paraphyses the apical cell of which is thick-walled and like Puccinia teliospores, teliospores mostly 3-celled (occasionall 2-celled) by vertical septa, (38-)44-55(-65) m high, (36-)40-55(-59) m wide, varying in appearance depending on the orientation of the spore; wall 1.5-2 m thick or somewhat thicker at apex, chestnut-brown, conspicuously sculptured, especially apically with variously shaped tubercles or plaques to 8 m thick, pores or germ slits obscure, probably apical at the inner angles but obscured by the sculpture; pedicels simple below, usually broken below the intercallary cells, with 2-3 distal intercallary cells next to the probasidial cells. Cummins (1935) reported that probasidial cells ("teliospores") are borne 3 (rarely 2) on a pedicel but we observed that teliospores in the one slide that we made from the type had mostly 2 probasidial cells. DICHEIRINIA ORMOSIAE (Arthur) Cummins, Mycologia 27: 155. 1935. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Puccinia ormosiae Arthur, Mycologia 9: 78. 1917. TYPE on Ormosia krugii Urban from Puerto Rico: El Yunque, 14 April 1916, Whetzil & Olive-276. ' Dicaeoma ormosiae (Arthur) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 391. 1920. On Leguminosae: Ormosia nobilis Tulasne, Par (IBI-13284). Dicheirinia ormosiae has been reported also from Puerto Rico and Santo Domingo. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, scattered, discrete, with a conspicuous rim of whitish, peripheral paraphyses around a brown center, paraphyses with a thick stalk much branched apically, botryoid, the ultimate branchlets short columnar, colorless, the whole structure somewhat as a piece of cauliflower head, urediniospores (24-)29-34(37) x (20-)23-26(-28) m, obovoid with the pore face view, triangular with the pore lateral, wall (2-)2-2.5(-3) m thick, dark cinnamon- or chestnut-brown, echinulate but smooth in an area near the base, pore 1, next to the hilum. Telia as the uredinia, teliospores 2-(rarely 3-)celled by vertical septum, (25-)28-33(-35) m high, (27-)33-40(-42) m with septum face view, wall 2.5-3 m thick, chestnut-brown, closely ornamented with rounded or irregular, pale brown tubercles 3-4 m thick, pore 1 in each cell in apex next to the septurn,

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obscured by ornamentation, pedicel colorless, 1- septate about 6-8 m below hilum thus forming a single intercalary cell, the lower part deciduous and very fragile. Dicheirinia ormosiae differs from all other species of the genus in having a single intercalary cell bearing a 2-celled teliospore. Dicheirinia solenioides Cummins, see DICHEIRINIA ULEANA Hennen & Cummins. DICHEIRINIA SUPERBA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 333. 1931. TYPE on Piptadenia sp., mistakenly reported originally as Inga sp., Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 20 Oct 1921. E.W. D. Holway-1234. (0/-,-/III). On Leguminosae: Piptadenia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 333; Cummins, 1935: 158), So Paulo (IBI-18100, 98-533). Dicheirinia superba has been reported only from Brazil from the three collections reported above. Spermogonia and telia usually locally systemic on distorted young shoots forming small witches' brooms and on leaves, on both sides of leafletrs, petioles, or stems, spermogonia usually displaced by developing, very powdery, blackish telia. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telial paraphyses 30-50 x 8-10 m, peripheral, palisade-like, irregularly cylindrical, rounded above, 0, 1, 2 septate; wall 0.5-1 m thick, some unilaterally 1.5-2 m thick, colorless; teliospores mostly two-celled, (20-)22-25 m high x (23-)26-28(30) m wide; walls 1-1.5(-2) m thick, chestnut-brown, adorned with cubical or irregularly shaped plaquelike tubercles, 1-2(-3) m high, these in short linear series or randomaly arranged, most abundant apically, and sometimes lacking basally, germ slits apical next to the vertical septum, intercalary cells 2, one proximal to each probasidial cell, pedicel thin-walled, fragile, breaking shortly below the intercalary cells.

DIDYMOPSORA Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 254. 1899. LECTOTYPE SPECIES Didymopsora solani-argentei (P. Hennings) Dietel. See below. Family Pucciniosiriaceae. Spermogonia in small groups, globoid or flask shaped, with ostiolar periphyses. Telia often form in a circle around spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, deep seated, erumpent, arising from a mycelium-lined cavity, without peridia, forming short or more or less long columns; teliospores two celled, catenulate, with or without intercalary cells between the teliospores, one germ pore per cell or pores obscure, spores usually become disoriented and irregularly arranged as the mature sori. This disorientation may disguise the twocelled trait of the teliospores in mature sori. Didymopsora is a genus of six species, all from the neotropics except one from Africa. Like other genera of the Pucciniosiriaceae, Didymopsora is considered as polyphyletic, its species probably being short cycle derivitives of various long cycle species of Puccinia that parasitized several host families. But no one has yet suggested a putative parental species for any Didymopsora. Theoretically, in the process of short cycling, the telia of Didymopsora have folowed a pathway in which some traits of the parental telia and aecia are combined. The teliospores are two-celled and the telia often lack peridia as in the parental telia, but the teliospores also are catenulate and have intercalary cells as in the parental aecia (Buritic, & Hennen, 1980). Key to help identify species of Didymopsora 1. Teliospores yellow-brown 2. Teliospores 21-30 x 17-27 m 1. D. paraguayensis. On Barnadesia sp., Compositae, from Paraguay. 2. Teliospores 50-65 x 23-28 m 2. D. chquiraguae. On Chuquiraga sp., Compositae, from Brazil. 1. Teliospores colorless 3. Teliospores irregularly verrucose 3. D. solani-argentei. On Solanum sp., Solanaceae, from Brazil. 3. Teliospores smooth 4. Teliospores 18-32 x 9-14 m 4. D. triumfettae. On Triumfetta sp., Tiliaceae, from Brazil.

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4. Teliospores 30-35 x 19-22 m 5. D. solani. Probably Chrysocyclus cestri on Cestrum sp., Solanaceae, from Brazil. 4. Teliospores 30-45 x 19-22 m4. 6. D. africana. On Dissotis sp., Melastomataceae, Africa. DIDYMOPSORA CHUQUIRAGUAE Dietel (sic), Hedwigia 38: 255. 1899. TYPE on Chuquiraga tomentosa Baker from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra do Oratorio, April 1889, Ule-1319. (0/-,-/III). On Compositae: Chuquiraga glabra Philippi var. multiflora Baker , Riode Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 183; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 36). Chuquiraga paniculata D. Don, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 64). Chuquiraga tomentosa Baker, Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1899: 255; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 36). Chuquiraga sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-14583). Didymopsora chuquiraguae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, in groups, flask-shaped, 100-160 m in diameter. Telia on spots up to 1 cm across on abaxial side of leaves, columnar, hair-like, 1 mm or more long, brown to goldenbrown; teliospores 50-65 x 23-28 m, walls 1-2 m thick, pale yellow-brown, germ pore one per cell, usually lateral (Buritic, & Hennen, 1980). DIDYMOPSORA SOLANI Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 255. 1899. TYPE on Solanum sp., Solanaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Jan 1898, Ule-2540. (0/-,-/III). Known only from the type specimen. A color photo of the type specimen from HBG suggests that the host is probably Cestrum sp. and the yellow circular rust sori are probably Chrysocyclus cestri. To determine this with certainty telia from the type specimen need to be examined microscopically. DIDYMOPSORA SOLANI-ARGENTEI (Hennings) Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 255. 1899.. (0/-,-/III). Aecidium solani-argentei P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 260. 1896. TYPE on Solanum argentium Dunal ex Poiret from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Aug 1887, Ule-659. On Solanaceae: Solanum argenteum Dunal ex Poiret, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 254; Maublanc & Rangel, 1915: 15; Buritic & Hennen,1980: 36), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 260), SoPaulo (Vigas, 1945: 10; IAC-3313, IBI-12139, -13072, -15619). Solanum swartzianum Roemer & Schultes, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 81; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 36). Solanum sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 81; Buritic & Hennen,1980: 36; IBI-9445). Dietel (1899: 254) records this species as a transfer from Aecidium solani-argentei P. Hennings and reported only one specimen, Ule-2157, which was collected in Rio de Janeiro, August 1895. When Hennings (1896: 260) proposed Aecidium solani-argentei, he recorded only one specimen, Ule-659 on Solanum argenteum from Santa Catarina. This specimen, Ule-659, must be considered as the holotype of the species, not Ule-2157 cited by Dietel. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, in groups on round, discolored spots 2-5mm across, 100160 m in diameter. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves opposite the spermogonia in circular groups, columner, 1-5 mm long, whitish or lightr yellow. Teliospores 45-70 x 30-40 m, ellipsoid to ellipsoidoblong, rounded at both ends; wall wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, irregularly verrucose, colorless or pale yellowbrown, germ pore not evident. Telial columns are often hair-like and 1mm or more long. The yellow-brown cell walls of the teliospores and those of the persistent intercallary cells are noticeably verrucose. These traits distinguish this species from other Didymopsora species (Buritic, & Hennen, 1980). DIDYMOPSORA TRIUMFETTAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 476. 1931. TYPE on Triumfetta longicornis Saint-Hilaire, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Juiz de Fora, 17 Dec 1921, Holway-1405. (-/-,-/III). On Tiliaceae: Triumfetta longicornis Saint-Hilaire, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 476; Buritic & Hennen,

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1980: 37). Didymopsora triumfettae is known only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown, probably not formed. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, single or in closely aggregated groups of 3-10 sori on slightly hypertrophied areas, groups usually more or less circular in outline, when associated with leaf veins more elongate; individual telia deep seated, waxy, in the form of cylindrical collumns to 1 mm long x 200-275 m across at the base, without peridium or paraphyses; teliospores 18-38 x 8-14 m, oblong, in vertical rows, two celled, without intercalary cells,constricted at the septum, the septum often obscured, then appearing 1-celled, wall ca 1 m thick, but perhaps becomming thicker by swelling, colorless, smooth, or minutely verrucose, germ pore not seen, germinating at once from apex to base of column.. This very distinct species might easily be confused in the field with Pucciniosira pallidula (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. The telia are more waxy in consistency and may become considerably longer than in that species, and are of considerably greater diameter at the base. Microscopically the two species are quite different. In this species there is no evidence of a peridium and a most careful search has failed to reveal the presence of intercalary cells, which are consistently present and quite easily demonstrated in the Pucciniosira. When the two-celled trait of the teliospores is not seen, this species can be confused with Dietelia or Cionothrix. If a peridium is present but not detected the rust could be Pucciniosira pallidula, which is the most common rust species on Triumfetta. I have assigned the species to Didymopsora as it seems to fit the characters of that genus better than any other. The two celled character of the spore is in sonic mounts very evident, in others one obtains the impression of chains of one celled spores suggesting Endophylloides or Chionothrix. Elsewhere (Mem. Torrey Club 18: 78-80. 1931) I have discussed the possible origin of Pucciniosira and similar genera and pointed out their resemblance to Endophyllum. In the species under discussion it seems possible to account for its origin from an Endophyllum-like species in which the spores have become vertically and laterally adherent due to tile gelatinization of tile cell wall, tile peridium has been lost or has reverted to the ancestral condition and retained the spore function, and in which the intercalary cell cut off from tile spore initial also becomes functional as a spore cell. It is noticeable that this species and the next as well as many other species in these and related genera have an Aecidium-like habit as shown by the deep seated character of the sorus initial and the tendency to be aggregated in close groups often on slightly hypertrophied areas. DIETELIA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 36: 215. 1897. TYPE SPECIES Dietelia veruciformis (P. Hennings) P. Hennings ( Cronartium veruciforme P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 245. 1896. TYPE on Sida flavescens Cav., Malvaceae, from Argentina: Prov. Cordoba, Sierra Chica, between Pan de Azucar and Colanchanga, 11 Nov 1881, Hieronymus s.n.). Family Pucciniosiriaceae. = Endophylloides Whetzel & Olive in Olive & Whetzel, Amer. J. Bot. 4: 50. 1917. = Jacksonia Lindquist, Rev. Fac. Agron. La P.ata 46: 202. 1970. Not R. Brown, Act. Hort. Bol. Kew 2: 12. 1811. Jacksoniella Lindquist, Rev. Fac. Agron. La Plata 47: 304. 1971. Not Kamat & Sathe, Indian Phytopath. 25: 78. 1972. Spermogonia subepidermal, flask-shaped, or wanting. Telia Aecidium-like but waxy or horny or somewhat powdery. Peridia persistent and somewhat attached to the teliospores, spores one-celled, in more or less coherent vertical rows to form a low compact, peridiate, cylindrical sori, intercalary cells at least in the base of the telia, wall lightly pigmented or colorless, smooth or somewhat verrucose, germ pore one or none. The sori are similar to Endophyllum or even Aecidium. Spore germination is required to know with certainty that the spores are teliospores. Six species of Dietelia have been reported, five neotropical and one from the Philippines. Only the following one has been reported in Brazil (Buritic & Hennen, 1980). DIETELIA DUGUETIAE (Thurston) Buritic & Hennen, Fl. Neotropica 24: 17. 1980. (0/-,-/III). Endophylloides degueliae Thurston (sic), Mycologia 32: 293. 1940. TYPE on Duguetia furfuracea (Saint-Hilaire) Bentham & Hooker (Annonaceae) from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Uberlandia, 18 May 1936, Muller s.n. Thurston mistakenly reported the host as Deguelia, a

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genus in the Leguminosae. Buritic and Hennen corrected the spelling when they transfered the species to Dietelia. = Alveolaria duguetiae Vigas, Bragantia 5: 9. 1945. TYPE on Duguetia furfuracea (SaintHilaire) Bentham from Brazil, So Paulo: Vale do Paraiba, 26 July 1937, J. Ferra da Cunha 2107. On Annonaceae: Duguetia furfuracea (Saint-Hilaire) Bentham & Hooker, Federal District (IBI-14898), Gois (IBI-13228), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293; IBI-12638), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 9; IBI-12620). Dietelia duguetiae has been reported only from Brazil and is easily confused with Aecidium duguetiae, also from Brazil. Without spore germination evidence, and there is none for either species, it may not be possible to distinguish between these two taxa. Spores of both species have well developed refractive granules. Perhaps only one taxon is involved. Spermogonia and telia deep seated, often on the adaxial side of leaves on galls 1-5 mm(-2cm) across and 1 mm high, telia forming columns 0.5-2 mm long, may become powdery at maturity, pale orange-yellow when fresh, peridium firm, peridial cells 24-34 x 16-20 m, rhomboid angular, wall 2-4 m thick, outer facing wall irregularly radially striate around cell margin, inner facing wall verrucose in patches, colorless; spores 14-19 x 11-16 m, broadly ellipsoid to globoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, verrucose in irregular bands, with well developed refractive granules (Buritic & Hennen, 1980). DIETELIA PORTORICENSIS (Whetzel & Olive) Buritic & Hennen, Flora Neotropica, no. 24: 15. 1980. (0/-,-/III). Endophylloides portoricensis Whetzel & Olive in Olive and Whetzel. Amer. J. Bot. 4: 51. 1917. TYPE on Mikania cordifolia (L.f) Willdenow from Puerto Rico, Mayaguez: "La Jaque", 29 July 1916, Whetzel & Olive-83. Cronartium portoricensis (Whetzel & Olive) Saccardo & Trotter, Sylloge Fungorum 23: 851. 1925. Dietelia portoricensis has not been reported from Brazil but has been reported from Colombia and Venezuela. It is to be expected in Brazil. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia in groups on both sides of leaves, mainly on the abaxial side, sometimes on petioles and stems, cupulate or more or less in waxy or horny columns; peridia not strong, white, attached to the teliospore columns; peridial cells 20-28 x 10-16 m, rhomboid, wall 4-6 m thick, minutely verrucose to almost smooth, colorless. Teliospores 18-32 x 14-24 m, globoid or ovoid; wall 0.5-1.5 m thick, smooth, colorless; intercalary cells evident, frequently attached to teliospore (Buritic and Hennen, 1980). As a synonym of Endophylloides portoricensis, Olive and Whetzel (1917) cited the binomial "Aecidium expansum Arthur, Mycologia 7: 317. 1915. (not A. expansum Diet.)" but this is a later homonym and Arthur did not publish a description. If cited at all it should be "Aecidium expansum Arthur ex Olive & Whetzel, 1917". See Chrysocyclus mikaniae for a key to help identify rusts on Mikania in the Neotropics. DIORCHIDIELLA Lindquist, Darwiniana 11: 416. 1957. TYPE SPECIES Diorchidiella australis (Spegazzini) Lindquist ( Diorchidium australe Spegazzini). Family Raveneliaceae. See below. Diorchidiella is characterized by having teliospores with two probasidial cells united laterally separated by a vertical septum, a small intercalary cell subtends each probasidial cell, the two intercalary cells united laterally,and a pedicel subtends the two intercalary cells. Each probasidial cell has two opposite germ pores on the side walls of the cells. Diorchidiella has been reported only from the two species listed below. Only telia are known. The genus is separable from Dicheirinia because of the two germ pores in each probasidial cell. DIORCHIDIELLA AUSTRALIS (Spegazzini) Lindquist, Darwiniana 11: 415. 1957. (-/-,-/III). Diorchidium australe Spegazzini, Contr. Estud. Fl. Sierra Ventana. Min. de Obras Publicas de

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la Prov. Buenos Aires. p.83, #386, April, 1896. TYPE on Mimosa roca Lor. & Niederl. from Argentina, Buenos Aires, Sierra de la Ventana, Curu-Malal, Nov 1895, Spegazzini s.n. Puccinia mimosae Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 837. 1904. Nom. nov. for Diorchidium. australe Spegazzini, not Puccinia australis Koern. on Sedum sp. = Uredo bonplandii Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 134. 1925. TYPE on Mimosa bonplandi from Argentina, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Laura, Oct 1916, Spegazzini s.n. Spegazzini did not describe urediniospores. = Diorchidium bonplandii Lindquist (as (Speg.) Lindquist), Revista Argentina Agron (Buenos Aires) 13: 250. 1946. Lindquist described teliospores so the name is attributed to him alone and not as a transfer from Uredo. Lindquist (1957) determined that this species is a synonym of Diorchidiella australis. On Leguminosae: Mimosa scabrella Bentham, Santa Catarina (IBI-16854). Mimosa schomburgkii Bentham, Rio de Janeiro (Silveira, 1974: 120). Only telia are known for Diorchidiella australis which produces numerous witches' brooms on stems and galls on pods of Mimosa scabrella in southern Brazil and several other species of Mimosa in Argentina. Severe infections may occur on Mimosa scabra which is often planted as a cultivated species. DIORCHIDIELLA VERLANDII F. A. Ferreira & A. O. Carvalho, Mycological Research 99: 885. 1995. TYPE on Mimosa schomburgkii Bentham, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viosa, Dec 1993, F. A. Ferreira s.n..(-/-,-/III). Diorchidiella verlandii has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine the full range of this rust. DIORCHIDIUM Kalchbrenner Grevillea 11: 26. 1882. TYPE SPECIES Diorchidium woodii Kalchbrenner on Milletia sp. (Leguminosae) from South Africa. = Diphragmium Boedijin, Nova Hedwigia 1: 472. 1959. TYPE SPECIES Diorchidium koordersii Wurth, on Derris sp. (Leguminosae) from Java. See Hennen et al.(1998) for an account of this genus in the Neotropics. Raveneliaceae. Spermogonia, known only for D. puiggarii and D. taiwanensis, subcuticular in origin, sligtly erumpent exposing a minute ostiole, flattened conical, determinate in development, with a thin membranous peridium on the distal half appressed to the cuticle (type 7), hymenium flat. Aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, aeciospores borne singly on pedicels, early decidious, wall echinulate, pores equatorial or basal (or obscure in D. amapaensis), peripheral paraphyses present or absent. Uredinia and urediniospores as in aecia. Telia subepideral in origin, erumpent, teliospores with 2, or less commonly 3-4 probasidial cells by vertical septa, pedicelate, without intercalary cells between the pedicel and probasidial cells, wall smooth or sculptured, pigmented or colorless, germ pore 1 in each cell, apical or lateral, metabasidia external. Nearly a dozen species of Diorchidium are known worldwide. They occur only in tropical areas. Species most common in Brazil are D. copaiferae (Sydow) Cummins & Hiratsuka on Copaifera spp. and D. puiggarii Spegazzini on Piptadenia spp. The hosts of both species are in the family Leguminosae. The genus is characterized by having teliospores with two to four probasidial cells separated by vertical septa, the cells attached directly to a pedicel without any intercalary cells. Only one germ pore occurs in each probasidial cell. DIORCHIDIUM ACANTHOSTEPHUM H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Annal. Mycol. 14: 67. 1916. TYPE on Pithecellobium sp. from Brazil, Rio Acre, Seringal So Francisco, May 1911, Ule 3504. (?/?,?/III). = Puccinia aculeatispora Hoehnel, Hedwigia 50: 140. 1918. TYPE on Pithecellobium sp. (reported as ?Piptadenia sp.) from Brazil, Rio Acre, Seringal So Francisco, date not recorded, Ule-3496). On Leguminosae: Pithecellobium sp., Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916: 67; Sydow, 1918: 240; Hoehnel, 1918: 140). Diorchidium acanthostephum has been reported also from Ecuador.

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Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia on both sides of leaves, without paraphyses, pulverulent, pale cinnmon-brown, teliospores 16-19 x (16-)20-23(-25) m broadly ellipsoid to oblate sphaeroid, two-celled with septum vertical, wall ca (1-)1.5-2 m thick, 2-layered, golden- or cinnamonbrown, echinulate, spines 2-3(-3.5) m long, spaced 2-3 m apart. Pores one in each cell on opposite sides of spore, pedicel colorless, usually broken-off at or near point of attachment. DIORCHIDIUM AMAPAENSIS Hennen & Soto, Mycologia 90: 1083. 1998. TYPE on Geophila trichogyne K. M. Schumann, Rubiaceae, from Brazil, Amap: Porto Grande, 8 Dec 1992, H. Soto & T. Figueiredo-92-05-10. (?-?,II/III). On Rubiaceae: Geophila gracilis DeCandolle, Amap (Hennen et al. 1998: 1083), Par (Soto et al.-S97-428). Geophila trichogyne K. M. Schumann, Amap (Hennen et al., 1998: 1083). Diorchidium amapaensis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaf, scattered or in irregular circles, 0.5-3.0 mm across, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pulverulent; urediniospores 22-29(-31) x (15-)18-29(31) m, broadly ellipsoid, wall about 1 m thick, colorless, evenly echinulate, pores not seen. Telia in irregular spots on abaxial side of leaf, sori 0.5-2.0 mm across, pale brown, not pulvinate, but originating in substomatal chambers and emerging as minute crowded masses from between the epidermal cells; teliospores 16-20 x 13-18 m, broadly ellipsoid, two-celled by a vertical septum, wall evenly less than 1 m thick, colorless, smooth, germination by extension of apex of each cell without a defined germ pore, pedicel 9-11 m long. Diorchidium amapaensis is anamolus because it infects Geophila, a genus of the Rubiaceae. All of the other speciesof Diorchidium infect members of the Leguminosae. Three other rust species have been reported on Geophila. Puccinia geophilae Raciborski, known mostly by only the anamorph Uredo geophilae P. Hennings, has been reported from tropical regions of Africa, America, and Asia (Joerstad, 1959; Viennot-Bourgin, 1959). However, more telial collections from these widely separated areas are required to substantiate that they are all P geaphilae. Uredo geophiliana Yen & Gilles from the Ivory Coast differs only slightly from U. geophilae (Yen, 1976). Chrysocelis geophilicola (Yen) Cummins & Y Hiratsuka (Yen, 1971; Cummins and Hiratsuka, 1983; Ono and Hennen, 1983) from the Ivory Coast has unusual telial sori in which the sessile probasidial cells, located within the stomatal chambers, produce metabasidia that emerge through the stomata. Superficially they resemble the telia of Diorchidium geophilae. Diorchidium australe Spegazzini, see DIORCHIDIELLA AUSTRALIS (Spegazzini) Lindquist. Diorchidium binatum (Berkeley & Curtis) De-Toni, see DIDHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur. Diorchidium brasiliense Arthur, see DIORCHIDIUM PUIGGARII Spegazzini. Diorchidium bonplandii Spegazzini, see DIORCHIDIELLA AUSTRALE(Spegazzini) Lindquist. Diorchidium boutelouae Jennings, see PUCCINIA BOUTELOUAE (Jennings) Holway. DIORCHIDIUM COPAIFERAE (P. Sydow & H. Sydow) Cummins & Y. Hiratsuka, Illustrated Genera of Rust Fungi. Revised Ed. p. 147. 1983. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Sphenospora copaiferae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 4: 584. 1924. TYPE on Copaifera sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Morro Pelado, July 1904, Puttemans1154. Anamorph Uredo copaiferae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 2-3. 1908. TYPE same as for Sphenospora copaiferae P. Sydow & H. Sydow. On Leguminosae: Copaifera langsdorfii Desfontaines, So Paulo (IBI-12704), Minas Gerais(IAC-7913). Copaifera sp., Gois (IBI-13653), Mato Grosso (IBI-16780), Minas Gerais (Hennen et al. 1998:

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1085, IBI-13525). So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 2; Sydow, 1924: 583; Puttemans -1154, IBI14230). Diorchidium copaiferae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, scattered, ca. 0.1-0.15 m across, powdery, brown, with abundant, peripheral, basally united, incurved, pale golden paraphyses, 35-60 x 8-12 m, the wall to 8 m thick dorsally, thinner ventrally, often nearly filling the lumen, urediniospores (30-)34-44(-46) x (12-)13-18(-20) m variable in size and shape, alantoid, narrowly ellipsoid or rarely ovoid, the wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, to 5 m at apex, cinnamon- or chestnut-brown, paler basally, finely echinulate pore 1, basal. Telia as the uredinia but pulvinate, yellowish brown, teliospores 2-celled, when both cells in view (30-)34-44(-50) x 15-18(-20) m, mostly oblong-ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick except thicker around the germ pore, smooth, pale golden or nearly colorless, pore 1 in each cell, apical, germination occurs without dormancy, pedicel colorless, persistent, about same length as spore, sporogenous basal cells present. Cummins and Hiratsuka (1983) transferred Sphenospora copaifera to Diorchidium because its telia lack the gelatinous oily matrix characteristic of other species of Sphenospora. The long, narrow, curved urediniospores with one basal germ pore are characteristic. The teliospores develop from well differentiated sporogenous cells, as is characteristic of Sphenospora. Only the type specimen was known before our collections cited above. Diorchidium digitareae Ahamad, see PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. PANICISANGUINALIS (Rangel) Ramachar & Cummins. Diorchidium goyazense P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA LEVIS var. GOYAZENSIS Ramachar & Cummins. Diorchidium leve Saccardo & Bizzozero, see PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. LEVIS. Diorchidium manaosense P. Hennings, see DICHEIRINIA MANAOSENSIS (P.Hennings) Cummins. Diorchidium pallidium Winter, see SPHENOSPORA PALLIDA (Winter) Dietel. Diorchidium piptadeniae Dietel, see DIORCHIDIUM PUIGGARII Spegazzini. DIORCHIDIUM PUIGGARII Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Cordoba (Argentina) 11: 479. 1889. TYPE on Piptadenia sp. (originally reported mistakenly as Cassia sp.), Leguminosae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Apiai, summer 1881, Puiggari-2712. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Diorchidium piptadeniae Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 252. 1899. TYPE on Piptadenia latifolia Bentham from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Jacarepagu, August 1897, Ule-1081 (Dietel used a misnumbered duplicate of Ule-1681). ' Puccinia piptadeniae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (68). 1899. TYPE on Piptadenia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Jacarepagu, 4 Aug 1897, E. Ule-1681. ' Puccinia papillifera P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Mon. Ured. 1: 836. 1904. Nom. nov. for Diorchidium piptadeniae P. Hennings. ' Puccinia puiggarii (Spegazzini) P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Mon. Ured. 1: 836. 1904. = Diorchidium brasiliense Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 54. 1924. Type on Piptadenia latifolia Bentham (originally reported mistakenly as Cassia sp.) from Brazil, Rio de

Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 9 Aug. 1921, E. W. D. & M. M. Holway-1009.

Anamorph Uredo puiggarii Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11: 482. 1889. TYPE, same collection as for Diorchidium puiggarii. On Leguminosae: Piptadenia adiatoides Macbride, Fed. Dist. (Hennen et al., 1998: 1081). Piptadenia latifolia Bentham, Rio de Janeiro(Hennen et al., 1998: 1081).

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Piptadenia laxa Bentham, Bahia (Hennen et al., 1998: 1081); Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 332); Rio de Janeiro (Spegazzini, 1889: 479; Dietel, 1899: 252; Hennings, 1899: (68); Arthur, 1924: 54; Jackson, 1931: 332). Piptadenia sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-16433), Rio de Janeiro (Ule-1681). So Paulo (IBI-17816). Diorchidium puiggarii has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves opposite the spermogonia, sori and spores similar to uredinia. Uredinia hypophyllus, usually grouped, suberpidermal becoming erumpent, pale cinnamon-brown, with variable but mostly cylindrical, more or less colorless paraphysese from narrow to 15 m wide, urediniospores (20-)23-28(-31) x (18-)19-22 m, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, yellowish or pale golden, echinulate, pores 4, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia except dark cinnamon- or pale chestnut-brown, teliospores (20-)23-29 m long x 24-28(-30) m wide, 2-celled with relatively equal-size cells, wall 1.5 m thick basally and smooth, darker brown apically and adorned with irregularly-shaped blocks that form more or less a corona at the apex but become smaller and fewer toward the smooth basal part, pores obscure but probably 1 in each cell in the coronate area, pedicel colorless, thin-walled, usually broken short. Lindquist (1957) clarified the synonomy of this species. Germinated teliospores in Hennen & Ono 88-324 reveal that a germ pore occurs in the apical coronate area of each cell. Diorchidium tricholaenae H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. TRICHOLAENAE (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Ramachar & Cummins. DIPYXIS Cummins & Baxter, Mycologia 59: 369. 1967. Type species D. mexicana Cummins & Baxter on Adenocalymna sp. (Bignoniaceae) from Mexico. Spermogonia subcuticular, conical Group VI (type 7). Aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, aeciospores borne singly on pedicels as in urediniospores. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, walls echinulate, pores zonate. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, teliospores borne singly on pedicels, 2celled by transverse septum, wall pigmented, germ pores 3, rarely 4, per cell, metabasidia exernal (Cummins & Hiratsuka, 2003). The genus is characterized by pedicellate teliospores with two probasidial cells, each cell with three germ pores. Telia bear cylindrical paraphyses 40-80 x 7-9 m, composed of 4-5 catenulate cells with walls evenly 0.5-1 m thick, colorless to pale clear yellow. Paraphyses were first recorded by Hennen & McCain, 1993). Dipyxis is a genus of two species, both on Bignoniaceae, the one listed below and the type from Mexico. Family Uropyxidaceae. DIPYXIS VIEGASII (Joerstad) Cummins & J.W. Baxter, Mycologia 59: 369. 1967. TYPE same as for Prospodium arrabidaeae Vigas. (0/Ipe/?/III). ' Prospodium arrabidaeae Vigas, Bragantia 5: 12. 1945. Not H. S. Jackson & Holway, 1932. TYPE on Arrabidaea sp., Bignoniaceae, from Brazil, Paraba: Espirito Santo, Estaco Experimental da Fruticultura, Feb 1939, J. Deslandes-232. ' Prospodium viegasii Joerstad, Nytt. Mag. Bot. 6: 137. 1958. Nom. nov for P. arrabidaeae Vigas. On Bignoniaceae: Arrabidaea sp., Paraba (Vigas, 1945A: 12; Joerstad, 1958: 137; Cummins & Baxter, 1967: 369; IAC-3800). Dipyxis viegasii has been reported only from the type. Uredinia were not found on the type. The telia aparently develope from the aecial mycelium. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia grouped on the adaxial side of leaves on hypertrophied areas 2-4 mm diam, subcuticular. Aecia on both sides of leaves, around the spermogonia, dark brown, aeciospores pedicellate, asymmetrical, ellipsoid with pores in optical axis, (30-)36-40(-44) m long, (18-)20-23 m wide, or reniform with pores in optical section, (15-)18-20 m wide, echinulate except around the pore in the concave side, cinnamon-brown, pores 2, near the hilum, 1 in the concave and 1 in the convex side. Uredinia not seen. Telia associated with the aecia, dark brown, teliospores (34-)38-48 x (20-)22-25(-27) m, oblong-ellipsoid, wall not

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obviously bilaminate, uniformly 2-4 m thick, chestnut-brown, verrucose-echinulate with cones about 1.5 m wide at base, spaced 3-4 m, pores 3(4), equatorial, pedicel to 90 m long, colorless. Doassansia Doassansia is a genus of Ustilaginales (smut fungi), not Uredinales. Doassansia hypoxidis Bresadola, see UROMYCES AFFINIS Winter. Endophylloides, a synonym of Dietelia. Pucciniosiriaceae. Endophylloides degueliae (sic) Thurston, see DIETELIA DUGUETIAE (Thurston) Buritic & Hennen. ENDOPHYLLUM J. H. Lveill, Mm. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 208. 1825. TYPE SPECIES, Endophyllum persoonii Lveill [a new name for Uredo sempervivi Albertine & Schweinitz (= Endophyllum sempervivi (Albertini & Schweinitz) de Bary] on Sempervivum globiferum (Crassulaceae) from Prussia. = Monosporidium A. Barclay, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 56: 367. 1888. LECTOTYPE SPECIES, Monosporidium euphorbiae A. Barclay on Euphorbia cognata, Euphorbiaceae, from India (lectotype species tentatively chosen by Laundon, 1963). Kulkarniella V. P. Gokhale & M. K. Patel, Indian Phytopath. 4: 172. 1952. TYPE SPECIES, Kulkarniella pavettae Gokhale & Patel on Pavetta tomentosa Roxb. Rubiaceae, from India, Mahalbashwar. Aecidium pavettae Berkeley Endophyllum is an artificial, "convenience" teleomorph genus. The sori have the morphology of the anamorph genus Aecidium but the spores germinate with a metabasidium, thus they are teliospores. In theory, all species of Endophyllum are short cycle forms derived from various long cycle species of rusts that have an Aecidium sp. anamorph in their life cycle. Some species of Endophyllum have the subepidermal Puccinia-Uromyces type of spermogonia associated with their telial sori, others have subcuticular spermogonia, not the Puccinia-Uromyces type. Many have no spermogonia. Species that have subcuticular spermogonia were segregated as the genus Monosporidium. We include Monosporidium as a synonym of Endophyllum because many collections do not have spermogonia. ENDOPHYLLUM CIRCUMSCRIPTUM Whetzel & Olive in Olive & Whetzel, Amer. J. Bot. 4: 49. 1917. TYPE on Cissus sicyoides L. from Puerto Rico: Mayaguez, 29 March 1916, Olive-s.n. (0/-,/III). = Aecidium guttatum Kunze in Weigelt exsicc. Sine no. 1827. TYPE on Cissus sicyoides L. from Surinam, date not reported, Weigelt s.n. ' Endophyllum guttatum H. Sydow & P. Sydow, as (Kze.) Syd., Ann. Mycol. 18: 179. 1920. TYPE same as for Aecidium guttatum Kunze. Aecidium circumscriptum Schweinitz in Berkeley & Curtis, Jour. Philadelphia Acad. Sci. 2: 283. 1853. TYPE on Cissus sp., reported originally as some unknown plant from Surinam, date of collection not reported, Weigelt s n. = Aecidium cissi Winter, Hedwigia 23: 168. 1894. TYPE on Cissus syciaefolium from Brazil, Santa Catarina, near So Francisco, March 1884, Ule-51. On Vitaceae: Cissus crosa Richi, Maranho, (IBI-15606). Cissus sicyoides Linnaeus, Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 167), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 256). Cissus syciaefolia?, Santa Catarina (Winter, 1884: 168; Pazschke, 1892: 95). Cissus sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 102), Maranho (specimen from Gilson Soares da Silva), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 257), Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916: 71), So Paulo (IBI-13011). Endophyllum circumscriptum has been reported also from Argentina, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America, and the West Indes. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves in groups of 2-5, subepidermal, flask-shaped, 80-85 m wide. Telia on both sides of leaves, but mainly on the abaxial side, numerous borne on rounded somewhat

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hypertrophied, pulvinate areas, cupulate;peridia recurrved, yellowish, peridial cells 18-28 x 15-20 m, angular, wall 2.5-4 m, minutely verrucose; teliospores 15-23 m, more or less rounded and angular or irregular from pressure, wall 1-2 m thick, minutely verrucose, without refractive granules (Buritic and Hennen, 1980). Buritic and Hennen (1980) designated the specimen listed above as the lectotype of E. circumscriptum because it was from the material used by Olive and Whetzel that demonstrated that the spores germinate with a metabasidium. ENDOPHYLLUM PAMPEANUM (Spegazzini) Lindquist, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. Endophyllum singulare Dietel & Holway, see AECIDIUM BYRSONIMATIS P.Hennings. ENDOPHYLLUM STACHYTARPHETAE Whetzel & Olive in Olive & Whetzel, Amer. J. Bot. 4: 50. 1917. TYPE on Stachytarpheta cayennensis L. C. Rich. from Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Experiment Station Farm, 11 & 22 Apr 1916, Olive & Whetzel s.n. (-/-,-/IIIendo) or ? (?/?,IIIendo/IIIpuccinia). = Aecidium stachytarphetae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (71). 1899. TYPE on Stachytarpheta dichotoma Vahl from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca, 14 Dec 1895, Ule2163. On Verbenaceae: Stachytarpheta dichotoma Vahl, Rio de Janeiro (P. Hennings, 1899); So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 63; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 13). Endophyllum stachytarphetae has been reported also from Bolivia, Colombia, Trinidad, Central America, and the West Indies. Spermogonia aecia, and uredinia unknown, but see below. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, in rounded or somewhat irregular inconspicuous pulvinate areas; peridia evanescent, hemispheric, to cupulate, peridial cells 20-26 x 5-20 m, polyhedral, wall 3-6 m thick, colorless, reticulate-echinulate; teliospores 1520 x 12-17 m, wall 1 m or less thick, minutely verrucose, colorless (Buritic and Hennen, 1980). Although Whetzel and Olive (1917) treated Endophyllum stachytarphetae as a transfer from Aecidium stachytarphetae P. Hennings, Buritic and Hennen (1980) designated the specimen listed above as the type of E. stachytarphetae because it was from the material used by Olive and Whetzel that demonstrated that the spores germinate with a metabasidium, and they gave a description of the telia. In theory sori of Endophyllum stachytarphetae may not always function as telia but they may function as uredinia or even aecia (Jackson, 1932). Several collections of Endophyllum stachytarphetae also have telia of Puccinia urbaniana , indicating a life cycle connection and plasticity similar to Puccinia pampeana and Endophyllum pampeanum (Buritic & Hennen, 1980). Eriosporangium Bertero ex Arthur, Result. sci. Congr. internat. Bot. Wien 1905 p. 343. 1906. TYPE SPECIES, Uredo baccharidis Lev. [ Caeoma baccharidis (Lev.) Dietel & Neger], Ann. Sci. nat. ser. 3, 5: 269. 1846. On Baccharis sp, Compositae from Chile. Laundon (198X) reported that the type species of Eriosporangium is an anamorph and cannot be used as a teleomorph name. This genus name is no longer in use and many of the species that have been placed in it are synonyms of uncertain taxa. It was used for a while by some authors as a teleomorph genus that included species of Puccinia that were long cycle and had teliospores that germinate without dormancy. Eriosporangium hyptidis (Lagerheim) Arthur, see PUCCINIA NEOHYPTIDIS Laundon. Eriosporangium hyptidis-mutabilis (Mayor) H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA HYPTIDIS-MUTABILIS Mayor. Eriosporangium medellinense (Mayor) H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA MEDELLINENSIS Mayor. Eriosporangium tucumanensis (Spegazzini) Arthur, (in part), see Aecidium tucumanense Spegazzini (PUCCINIA GIBERTII Spegazzini).

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ESALQUE Hennen, Figueiredo & Carvalho, Mycologia 92: 315. 2000. TYPE SPECIES: Esalque holwayi (H. S. Jackson) Hennen et al. (' Triactella holwayi H. S. Jackson). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Teliospores three celled, triquetrous, the pedicel attached to a proximal probasidial cell with two other distal probasidial cells joined to the proximal cell; pores not seen, germ slits probably present. Esalque has been reported only from the type species. Family probably Raveneliaceae. ESALQUE HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Hennen, Figueiredo, & Carvalho, Mycologia 92: 315. 2000. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Triactella holwayi H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 31: 341. 1931. TYPE on Caesalpinia sp. (originally reported mistakenly as Cassia sp.) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca, 23 Dec 1921, Holway-1419. On Leguminosae Caesalpinia ferrea Martius ex Tulasne var. leiostachya Bentham, So Paulo(IBI-12517). Caesalpinia punctata Wildenow, Minas Gerais, So Paulo (IBI-13540). Caesalpinia sp., Rio de Janeiro (H. S. Jackson, 1931: 341). Esalque holwayi has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side of leaflets, scattered, 0.2-0.4 mm across, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis not conspicuous, golden-brown to dark-brown, with numerous peripheral, 1-celled, irregularly incurved paraphyses 25-38 x 6.5-9 m, united at the base, walls greatly thickened, almost obliterating the lumen, chestnut-brown above to nearly colorless at the base; urediniospores 17-20 x 12-14 m, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, finely and closely evenly echinulate, pores 2-3, equatorial. Telia not seen, teliospores often intermixed in uredinia, teliospores mostly 3-celled, 26-31 x 25-30 m in face view, 17-22 n thick in side view, walls 0.5-1(-1.5) m thick, wall projections (tubercules) up to 5(-6 m high, often irregularly bent or knobed, pores not seen, probably each cell with a germ slit, pedicel to 10-15 m long (Hennen et al., 2000: 315). The numerous peripheral, pale to dark chestnut-brown, uredinial paraphyses that are seen with a 10X hand lens as small, dark sori suggesting telia help identify Esalque holwayi. An important trait for identifying the two Caesalpinia host species are the characteristic small black glandular dots on the abaxial side of the leaflets. FROMMELLA Cummins & Y. Hiratsuka, 1983. Illustrated genera of rust fungi. Revised Edition. American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul. 152 pp.. p. 120. TYPE species: Frommella tormentillae (Fuckle) Cummins & Hiratsuka on Potentilla, Rosaceae. Spermogonia intraepidermal type 10. Aecia and spores similar to uredinia. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, spores pedicellate, echinulate, pores equatorial, obscure. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, spores borne singly on short pedicels , 3- several-celled by horizontal septa, wall pigmented, smooth, germ pore 1 per cell, germinating without dormancy, metabasidia well differentiated. Frommella is characterized by pedicellate teliospores with rows of usually three to five probasidial cells, each cell having only one germpore. Only two species have been named in Frommella. Phragmidium is similar but its teliospores have 2 or more pores per cell. FROMMELLA MEXICANA (Mains) J. W. McCain & Hennen var. INDICAE J. W. McCain & Hennen, Mycotaxon 39: 251. 1990. TYPE on Duchesnea indica (Andrzejowski) Focke (reported as Fragaria indica Andrzejowski) from The United States of America, Alabama: Lee Co., Auburn, Nov 1899, F. S. Earle (Alabama Biol. Survey #2164). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo duchesneae (J. C. Arthur) P. A. Saccardo & A. Trotter in Saccardo and Trotter, Sylloge Fungorum 23: 827. 1925. Kuehneola duchesneae Arthur, No. Amer. Flora 7: 185-186. 1912. TYPE on

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Duchesnea indica (reported as Fragaria indica Andrzejowski),from The United States of America, North Carolina, West Raleigh, 19 May 1909, B. B. Higgins185. Only uredinia present in the type. Phragmidium duchesneae (Arthur) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 3: 93. 1912. Frommea duchesneae (Arthur) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 504. 1917. Frommea obtusa (F. Strauss) Arthur var. duchesneae (Arthur) Arthur , published as "Frommea obtusa duchesneae (Arth.) n. comb. (Kuehneola d., Frommea d.)" Manual Rusts U. S. and Canada, p. 93, 1934. Frommella duchesneae (Arthur) Yohem, Cummins, & R. Gilbertson, Mycotaxon 22: 451. 1985. Frommella obtusa-duchesneae (Arthur) Buritic in Buritic & Pardo-Cardona, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 20: 225. 1996. On Rosaceae: Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke, Minas Gerais (PUR-F19253), So Paulo (PUR-F19251). In South America, Frommella mexicana var. indicae has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. The same rust is widespread in North America. Duchesnia indica is the only host for this rust. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaflets, scattered, 0.2-0.5 mm across, pulvinate, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, teliospores 50-80 x 19-26 m clavate-cylindrical, to clavate-lanceolate, rounded to obtuse above, obtuse or narrowed below, slightly or not constricted at septa, 3-5 celled, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 5-10 m above, cinnamon-brown, paller at base, smooth; pedicel about once or twice the length of the spore, 7-10 m wide, firm, colorless or pale cinnamon-brown next to the spore. Frommella mexicana (Mains) J. W. McCain & Hennen var. mexicana [ Frommea mexicana Mains, var. mexicana. TYPE on Duchesnea sp. from Mexico, Hidalgo: Chapulhuacan, 12 July 1937, Amelia Lundell7182 (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 618. 1939)] differs because its teliospores are 38-60 x 23-32 m, clavatecylindrical, rounded above and below or narrowed a little below, with 2-3 septa, 3-4-celled, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 4-6 at apex. Groveola indurata (H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway) H. Sydow, see UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Holway. Gymnoconia hyptidis Lagerheim, see PUCCINIA NEOHYPTIDIS Laundon. Haplopyxis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 17: 105. 1920. TYPE SPECIES: Uropyxis crotalariae Arthur on Crotalaria sp. from Guatemala. The Sydows (1920) proposed the genus Haplopyxis based on the assumption that it was like Uropyxis but had only one celled teliospores. Baxter (1962) reported that the probasidial cells of Haplopyxis have only one apical germ pore, not two lateral ones as in Uropyxis, and thus is a synonym of Uromyces. Haplopyxis crotalariae (Arthur) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) J.W. Baxter. Haploravenelia Haploravenelia ingae (Arthur) Syd., see YPSILOSPORA TUCMANENSIS J. Hernandez & J. Hennen. Haploravenelia macrocarpa (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) H. Sydow, see RAVENELIA MACROCARPA H. Sydow & P. Sydow. Haploravenelia mesillana (Ellis & Bartholomew) H. Sydow, see Ravenelia mesillana Ellis & Bartholomew Haploravenelia microcystis (Pazschke) H. Sydow, see RAVENELIA MICROCYSTIS Pazschke.

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HEMILEIA Berkeley & Broome, Gard. Chron. 1869. p. 1157. 1869. TYPE SPECIES Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley & Broome. See Hemileia vastatrix below for description. Nearly 50 species of Hemileia have been published but only about 30 of these have had telia described. Authors of the 20 names without telial descriptions were confident that the species should be placed in Hemileia because of the unique morphology of the uredinia of the genus Hemileia. Anamorph: Wardia. Except for the introduced Hemileia vastatrix on cultivated Coffea spp., we believe no other species of Hemileia occur in the neotropics. See: Cladoma - anamorph. The suprastomatal part of the sori of Cladoma is composed of a complex branching of hyphae and sporogenous cells, unlike the comparatively simple suprastomatal fascle of only sporogenous cells as in Wardia. Synnoma - anamorph. The suprastomatal part of the sori of the anamorph genus Synnoma is a synnema that has sporogenous cells only at its distal end. The spores are globoid, not radially asymetrical as in Wardia. and Pelastoma - teleomorph. Anamorph taxa are especially useful in mycology and plant pathology because these stages of a life cycle are the ones most often collected and usually most important in disease development. Often overlooked by those who prefer to use only holomorph names if available is the fact that the ICBN states that a holomorph name of a fungus stands for "the species in all its morphs" while an anamorph name stands for only a specific morph in a life cycle (Greuter et al., ICBN, 2000, Article 59.1). For example, in the yellow leaf rust disease of coffee the complete life cycle of the pathogen remains unknown, telia are only rarely collected or reported, the role of the telial stage in disease development is unknown, and nearly all of the research that has been published on this disease, including genetic variability in pathogenicity, has involved only the uredinial anamorph stage. For this important plant pathogen this stage can now be referred to specifically by its anamorph name, Wardia vastatrix. All Hemileia and Wardia species are restricted to the paleotropics and paleo-subtropics, except for H. vastatrix which now has been introcuced from its original home probably in tropical East Africa to nearly all coffee growing regions in the world. No Hemileia or Wardia species have what seem to be overseasoning spores. All have hyaline or nearly so, thin walled spores that, where known, germinate without dormancy. The incubation period from infection to production of new uredinial sori for H. vastatrix is 25-30 days, or more. This is much longer than the 7-10 days for important cereal rusts caused by species of Puccinia, which presumably are all native of temperare regions. We chose the anamorph of Hemileia vastatrix as the type species for Wardia. because it is widespread in tropical regions, its morphology is relatively well known, and it is easily identified because of the unique morphology of its sori and spores. McCain and Hennen (1990) illustrated and described the developmental anatomy of these sori using SEM and light microscopy. Much earlier, Ward (1882) published elegant illustrations drawn from light microscopy. Saville (1978) described the radially asymmetrical spores as hedgehog shaped, the convex side echinulate and the concave or flat face smooth. Sori of nearly a dozen genera of rusts are known as suprastomatal (Hiratsuka and Cummins, 1983, 2004). The sori of Hemileia are described as suprastomatal because the sporogenous cells emerge in fascicles through stomata and spores are produced directly on the sporogenous cells outside of the host epidermis. Gopalkrishnan (1951) found in a sample of 32 species of Hemileia (and Wardia) important variations in the morphology of the part of the sorus that remains in the substomatal chambers. He classified these variations into four types that are useful for classification of anamorph and teleomorph species. Also, a range of variation occurs in the morphological development of suprastomatal sori in other genera: These developmental features are useful for defining taxa, even though, as is frequently the case, there may occur intergradations between these variations. Ono et al. (1988) reported some of the range of this variation by introducing the term "pseudosuprastomatal". When all taxa of Hemileia and Wardia have been studied sufficiently to place them in one of Gopalkrishnan's or other catagories, an improved classification can be made. Hemileia americana Massee, see CLADOMA BEHNICKIANA (P. Hennings) J. F. Hennen. Hemileia oncidii Griffon & Maublanc, see CLADOMA BEHNICKIANA (P. Hennings) J. F. Hennen HEMILEIA VASTATRIX Berkeley & Broome in Berkeley, Gard. Chron. 1869: 1157. 1869. TYPE on Coffea arabica from Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Thwaites. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Rubiaceae:

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Coffea arabica Linnaeus, Bahia (IBI-10826), Esprito Santo (IBI-10849), Minas Gerais (PURF19292), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F19291), So Paulo (IBI-11032). Hemileia vastatrix occurs throughout the major coffee growing regions of the World. Anamorph sori numerous on abaxial side of leaves, minute, in yellowish leaf spots, substomatal in origin and development, without peridium or paraphyses, sporogenous cells emerging through the stomata in fascicles, spores borne sympodially on minute pedicels from the sporogenous cells, spores 26--40 x 20--30 m, bilaterally symmetrical, ovoid to reniform, wall evenly ca 1 m thick, colorless or pale yellowish, the part of the wall facing the fascicle of sporogenous cells more or less flattened, smooth or partly so, wall facing away from the sporogenous cells convex, irregularly echinulate, germ pores usually obscure. Hemileia vastatrix was accidently introduced into Bahia, Brazil in 1970. It probably came from Africa with coffee seedlings mixed with cacao seedlings. Arnaldo Gomez Medeiros discovered this rust on coffee plants growing near a cacao nursery. Since that time this rust has spread to all major coffee producing areas in the New World. The rust infects leaves, young fruit, and buds. This rust is the most important disease of coffee world wide. Control by fungicides and the development of resistant varieties has added much cost to coffee production.

Holwayella H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 18: 49. 1926. Type species Holwayella mikaniae (Arthur) H. S. Jackson. Holwayella is now considered a synonym of Chrysocyclus. Holwayella mikaniae (Arthur) H. S. Jackson, see CHRYSOCYCLUS MIKANIAE (Arthur) H. Sydow. INTRAPES Hennen & M. Figueiredo, Anamorph, Mycologia 71: 836. 1979. TYPE SPECIES, Intrapes paliformis Hennen & Figueiredo. This genus was established for anamorph sori that have a hymenium of sporogenous cells that produce spores by percurrent proliferation. Spores develop one after the other from the top part of a sporogenous cell. The first spore is formed endogenously inside the tip of a sporogenous cell, the sporogenous cell wall breaks open as the first spore is pushed out by an elongating pedicel. After that, each new spore comes through the pedicel of the previous spore. In this process a small, irregularly split collar is left at the top of the sporogenous cell after a spore becomes detached. The collar is the remains of a part of the pedicel of the previous spore. After a sporogenous cell has produced several spores, several closely spaced, irregular collars are present. Only one species has been named.

Jacksoniella Kamat & Sathe, in Sathe, Indian Phytopathology 25: 78. 1972 (not Lindquist, 1971). Jacksoniella holwayi Kamat & Sathe, see PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic. KIMUROMYCES Dianese, Santos, Medeiros & C. Furlaneto, Fit. Bras. 20: 251. 1995. TYPE SPECIES: Kimuromyces cerradensis Dianese Santos, Medeiros & C. Furlaneto. Kimuromyces has been reported only from the type species described below. Dianese (1995) tentatively placed the genus in the Uropyxidaceae. The relationship of this genus to other genera is unknown. The wall sculpture of the teliospores, and the occasional three-celled teliospore with the apical septum vertical or oblique resemble teliospores of some Sphaerophragmium or Nyssopsora species. KIMUROMYCES CERRADENSIS Dianese, Santos, Medeiros, & C. Furlaneto, Fit. Bras. 20: 251. 1995. TYPE on Astronium fraxinifolium Schott ex Spreng. from Brazil, Gois: Cristalina, Fazenda Nova India, 10 April 1993, Dianese & R. B. Medeiros-837. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo rhombica Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 124. 1884. TYPE on Astronium

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urundeuva Englar, reported originally as Astronium juglandifolium, from Paraguay, Cordillera de Peribebuy, July 1883, Balansa-3797. = Uredo mauriae H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 23: 325. 1925. TYPE on Mauria glauca Donn Smith, Anacardiaceae, from Costa Rica, La Caja near San Jos, 14 Feb 1925, H. Sydow-10. = Uredo roupalae Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64: 43. 1937. TYPE on Mauria glauca Donn Smith, Anacardiaceae (mistakenly reported originally as Roupala veraguensis Klotzsch, Proteaceae) from Costa Rica, San Jos, 1928, H. Schmidt2052. On Anacardiaceae Astronium fraxinifolium Schott ex Spreng., Cear (IBI 17135), Gois (Dianesi et al., 1995: 251; IBI 13303), Mato Grosso (IBI 16724), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI 14317), Minas Gerais (Dianesi et al., 1995: 251; IBI 13547), Par (IBI 13492,), So Paulo (IBI 15238). Astronium lecointe Ducke, Par (Ferreira s.n.). Astronium sp., Par (Caxiuan, Soto-97-626). Uredo rhombica, anamorph of Kimuromyces cerradensis, has been reported also from Paraguay, Venezuela, and Costa Rica. Spermogonia and aecia not seen. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, powdery, light chestnut-brown (whitish if spores not abundant because of the paraphyses), 0.1-0.2 mm across, paraphyses peripheral, numerous, whitish, 27-48 x 7-11 m, irregularly cylindrical or clavate, more or less straight to somewhat curved, 1-celled or with a short stalk cell, rounded above and tapering below, usually filled with highly refractive material, wall ca 0.75 m thick, colorless, smooth or very slightly verrucose at top, smooth below; urediniospores mostly irregularly flattened-rhombic to flattened broadly rhombic, 23-27(29) x (15-)17-23 m in face view, ca one-half as wide in lateral view, sometimes slightly curved in lateral view, wall ca 1 m thick, golden-brown, finely echinulate but with smooth spots on each flattened side, germ pores 2, opposite each other at the side corners, thus equatorial; paraphyses and spores coming from well developed sporogenous cells, these in mature sori with numerous collapsed pedicels from mature spores that have been released. Telia not seen, teliospores in uredinia, spores 2-3-celled, 27-32 x 15-20 m, flattened obovoid to irregularly ellipsoid, with digitate processes 3-5 m long, these more numerous on the top cells, sometimes bifurcate, rarely nearly lacking, pedicel attatched to the odd cell in 3-celled spores, wall between the upper two cells usually perpendicular, sometimes oblique, rarely nearly parallel, wall irregularly thickened 1-1.5 m, light chestnut-brown, pore not seen, pedicel thin-walled, deciduous, breaking at 2-10 m below the spore. This description is based on our specimens cited above from IBI. It is close to that reported by Dianese et al. (1995) who found telia separate from uredinia as well as in mixed sori. They also reported one germ pore in each probasidial cell and a metabasidium with basidiospores. They did not report the highly refractive material in the paraphyses, the 3-celled teliospores, nor the connection to Uredo rhombica. In our specimens we could not find telia separate from uredinia and we did not see pores in the teliospore cells. Kimuromyces cerradensis may cause considerable damage to seedlings of host plants under nursery conditions. Klebahnia Arthur, Rsult. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne, p.345. 1906. TYPE SPECIES designated by Laundon ( 1965A) as Uromyces glycyrrhizae Magnus on Glycyrrhiza, Leguminosae. Arthur proposed Klebahnia based on a confusing mixture of variations in the morphological and ontogenic concepts of life cycles. In ontogenic terminology the species are long cycled and autoecous, both the uredinia and aecia, when known, have the morphology of anamorph genera that are pedicellate. In morphologic terminology the species have no aecia. Teliospores are one-celled. Later, Arthur abandoned the use of Klebahnia and it is not used any more. Most of the species are now placed in Uromyces. Klebahnia bidentis (P. Hennings) Arthur, see UROMYCES BIDENTICOLA Arthur. Klebahnia dolichospora (Dietel & Holway) Arthur, see UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway.

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Klebahnia gemmata (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur, see UROMYCES BRASILIENSIS Trotter. KUEHNEOLA Magnus, Bot. Centralbl. 74: 169. 1898. TYPE SPECIES: Oidium uredinis Link, in Willd. Sp. pl. 6: 123. 1824. [Chrysomyxa albida Kuhn (= Kuehneola uredinis Link) Arthur on Rubus fruticosus (Rosaceae) from Germany]. Phragmidiaceae. Spermogonia subcuticular or intra-epidermal, growth determinate or indeterminate, hymenium flat or slightly concave, Group 4 of Hiratsuka & Hiratsuka (1980). Aecia commonly producing host deformations, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, aeciospores pedicellate. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, urediniospores pedicellate. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent or teliospores produced in uredinia; teliospores several celled in a vertical row, often subtended by a pedicel-like cell, germ pore obscure but evidently one in each cell, germination without dormancy, metabasidia well differentiated from the probasidial cells. Although the presence of pedicels in teliospores is an essential trait for defining the genus Kuehneola, their presence is difficult to determine in some species. A common representative of this genus in the neotropics is Kuehneola loeseneriana (Arthur) H. S. Jackson and Holway which may incite large powdery, orange galls on leaves and stems of Rubus spp. In some older literature, Phakopsora nishidana Ito, the common rust of Ficus carica (cultivated fig), has been reported as Kuehneola fici Butler. But this rust is properly placed in Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur and is known only from India. Phakopsora gossypii (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka, a tropical rust of Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton), has been reported as Kuehneola desmium (Berkeley & Curtis) Butler and Kuehneola gossypii Arthur. For practical identification of species of Kuehneola in the New World, we restrict species to the Rosaceae host genera: Rosa, and Rubus. Key to help identify species of Kuehneola on Rosaceae: Dryas, Rosa, and Rubus 1. Teliospore walls uniformly thin 2. Teliospores with 3-4 cells in vertical rows 3. Teliospores 21-37 x 10-20 m, on Dryas 1. Kuehneola dryadis 3. Teliospores 20-34 x 17-22 m, on Rosa 2. Kuehneola japonica 2. Teliospores with 4-6 cells in vertical rows, on Rubus 4. Connection between teliospore cells narrow 3. Kuehneola filipina 4. Connection between teliospore cells wide 4. Kuehneola andina 1. Teliospore walls irregularly thickened, on Rubus 5. Aeciospores and urediniospores echinulate 6. Urediniospores 18-28 x 16-23 m 5. Kuehneola albida (North temperate) 6. Urediniospores 23-27 x 19-25 m 6. Kuehneola guatemalensis 5. Aeciospores and urediniospores with verrucae or spines in spirals 7. Kuehneola loeseneriana Neotropics (K. loeseneriana includes Kuehneola arthurii, and K. uleana) Kuehneola desmium (Berkeley & Curtis) Butler, see PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka. Kuehneola fici Butler, [as "(Cast.) Butler"] Ann. Mycol. 12: 79. 1914. TYPE on Ficus glomerata from India, Pusa, date and collector not reported, presumably Butler. Although Butler (1914) published this rust on Ficus glomerata as a new combination, "Kuehneola fici (Cast.) Butler", based on the basionym Uredo fici Cast., he included a description of an anamorph and a teleomorph. Because of the inclusion of a reference to a teleomorph specimen and a teleomorph description, we treat the name as a new species atributed to Butler alone. We believe this rust, which is known only from India, is properly placed as Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur but with the concept of Cerotelium as defined by Buritic and Hennen (1994). However neither Kuehneola fici Butler nor Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur apply

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to the common fig rust, Phakopsora nishidana S. Ito, widely distrbuted on Ficus carica. See Phakopsora nishidana for other notes. Kuehneola fici(Castagne) Arthur , see PHAKOPSORA NISHIDANA Ito. Kuehneola gossypii Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka f. KUEHNEOLA LOESENERIANA (Arthur) H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 105. 1931. [recorded as (P. Hennings) Jackson & Holway] TYPE same as for Spirechina loeseneriana Arthur. (0/Ipe-gall,IIpe/III). ' Spirechina loeseneriana Arthur [as (P. Hennings) Arthur], J. Mycol. 13: 30. 1907. TYPE on Rubus bogotensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Bolivia, Yungus, 1890, A. Miguel Bang-684. ' Uromyces loesenerianus (Arthur) P. Sydow & H. Sydow [as (P. Hennings) Sydow], Mon. Ured. 2: 202. 1910. TYPE same as for Spirechina loeseneriana Arthur. = Uromyces arthuri P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 2: 203. 1910. TYPE on Rubus schiedianus Steud. from Guatemala, Dept. de Alta Verapaz, Coban, H. von Tuerckeim s.n. ' Spirechina arthuri (P. Sydow & H. Sydow) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 183. 1912. TYPE same as for Uromyces arthuri H. & P Sydow. ' Kuehneola arthuri (P. Sydow & H. Sydow. ) H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 23: 106. 1931. TYPE same as for Uromyces arthuri P. Sydow & H. Sydow. = Kuehneola uleana H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 258. 1916. TYPE on Rubus sp. from Brazil, Bahia, Serra de Sincora, Nov. 1906, Ule-3318. Anamorph Uredo loeseneriana P. Hennings, Hedwigia 37: 273. 1898. TYPE on Rubus sp. from Guatemala, Jalambohoch, Dept. Huehuetenango, 22 Aug. 1896, C. & E. Seler-2687. = Uredo imperialis f. ramulicola Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Ci. Argentina 47: 276. 1899. TYPE on Rubus imperialis Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, from Argentina, Tucumn, Jan 1899, F. Sivori s.n. = Uromyces usteri Spegazzini, Revista Mus. La Plata 15: 7. 1908. TYPE on Rubus urticaefolius Poiret from Brazil, So Paulo, Avenida Paulista, date not reported, A. Usteri s.n. nly anamorph spores described. On Rosaceae: Rubus brasiliensis Martius , Minas Gerais (Jackson,1931: 105; IBI-2086), So Paulo (IBI-211). Rubus erythroclados Martius, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 105). Rubus sellowii Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, Rio Grande do Sul (IAN-712). Rubus urticaefolius Poiret, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 105). Rubus sp., Esprito Santo (IBI-2829), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 105; Thurston, 1940: 294; IAC-5166), Paran (IBI-12150), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 105; IBI-1649), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 123; IBI-5780), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1899A: 69; IBI-12727), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 105; Vigas, 1945: 10; IAC-533; IBI-17474). Kuehneola loeseneriana has been reported from Argentina to Central America, and Mexico. The closely spaced spiral rows of small verrucae on the anamorph spore walls help to identify this species. Arthur (1912), and Gallegos & Cummins (1981) reported that spermogonia and aecia of Kuehneola loeseneriana were on bright orange-yellow galls on stems and leaves. We also found spermogonia and aecia associated with galls. The masses of aeciospores made the galls very powdery. At maturity stem galls were as large as 8-10 cm across. Now we believe that all of the galls produced by this species are the result of basidiospore infections and that they produce spermogonia and aecia. Uredinia are scattered on the leaves. Although this rust has been reported mainly on wild species of Rubus that grow mainly in Mata Atlantica region, it can also infect some cultivated Rubus plants that have been developed for fruit from which jelly is produced. The rust causes many large galls on stems and leaves. These galls are covered with large amounts of bright orange spores. Because of the management of cultivated Rubus plantings in which the plants are well spaced thus increasing air circulation and leaf drying, the disease is of little importance in Brazil.

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Nomenclatural explanation. Kuehneola loeseneriana was first named Uredo loeseneriana by P. Hennings in 1898 from an anamorph collection from Guatemala. Arthur (1907) was the first to report telia. He found the rust on a phanerogamic herbarium specimen of Rubus bogotensis from Bolivia in the Field Museum Herbarium in Chicago. Arthur designated this material as the type specimen of his new genus Spirechina. Because the only species that he placed in Spirechina was S. loeseneriana, it automatically became the type species for the genus Spirechina. He published this species as Spirechina loeseneriana (P. Henn.) Arthur nom. nov. indicating that the name was a new name for Uredo loeseneriana P. Hennings, the basionym. Arthur reported that the type of Uredo loeseneriana is from Guatemala. During that time Arthur gave nomenclatural priority to the oldest legitimate name that had been applied to any part of the life cycle of a species. Thus, for his genus Spirechina Arthur designated the Bolivian collection as type specimen for the genus because it had teliospores, and he then listed a different type specimen for the type species of the genus when he used Uredo loeseneriana as the basionym for Spirechina loeseneriana. Arthur (1907) stated that the genus Spirechena has one-celled teliospores because that is what he found in the Bolivian specimen cited above. Later, Arthur (1912) included five species in the genus, all parasites of species of Rubus. Three of these species are now known to be in the genus Gerwasia, a genus that has only one-celled teliospores. The other two, S. loeseneriana and S. arthuri, are now placed in Kuehneola, a genus which has at least some multicelled teliospores, with the probasidial cells in rows. Jackson (1931) transferred S. loeseneriana to Kuehneola as K. loeseneriana (P. Henn.) Jackson & Holway because he discovered that the teliospores of S. loeseneriana are mostly one celled but two or more probasidial cells in rows also are produced. The Code (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) requires that the type specimen of a teleomorph taxon must have a telemorph present. To follow this requirement the Code now permits us to ignore Arthurs designation of Spirachina loeseneriana as a new name for, or as a transfer of, Uredo loeseneriana P. Hennings. We may attribute the name Spirechina loeseneriana to Arthur alone, i. e. Spirechina loeseneriana Arthur, with the type specimen being the one from Bolivia that Arthur found with telia. Cummins & Stevenson (1956) were the first to apply this nomenclatural correction to Arthurs (1907) and Jacksons (1931) designations for this species by publishing the name as Kuehneola loeseneriana (Arthur) H. S. Jackson & Holway. Kuehneola malvicola (Spegazzini) Arthur see CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic. Kuehneola uleana H.& P. Sydow, see KUEHNEOLA LOESENERIANA (Arthur) H. S. Jackson & Holway. KWEILINGIA Teng, Sinensia 11: 124. 1940. TYPE SPECIES, Kweilingia bambusae (Teng) Teng, Sinensia 11: 124. 1940. ' Chrysomyxa bambusae Teng, Sinensia 9: 226. 1938. TYPE on bamboo, Bambusoideae, from China, Kwangsi: Yangso, 24 March 1928, S. C. Teng & K. L. Teng-3236). = Dasturella Mundkur & Kheswala,Mycologia 35: 202-203. 1943. TYPE SPECIES, Dasturella divina (H. Sydow) Mundkur & Kheswala, Mycologia 35: 202. 1935. (' Angiopsora divina H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 34:71. 1936. TYPE on Bambusa sp. from India, Majhgawan, 5 Jan 1935, R. A. Tandon-188. ' Kweilingia divina (H. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 22: 330. 1998. = Tunicopsora Singh & Pandy, Trans Br. Mycol. Soc. 56: 301. 1971. TYPE SPECIES, Tunicopsora bagchii Singh & Pandey. Trans British Mycol. Soc. 56: 301. 1971. TYPE on Dendrocalamus strictus Nees from India, Uttar Pradesh: Dehra Dun, New Forest, July 1962, B. K. Bakshi s.n. ' Kweilingia bagchii (Singh & Pandey) Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 22: 330. 1998. We follow Buritic (1998) in the delimitation and nomenclature of Kweilingia. Kweilingia is characterized by its large erumpent, blackish, telia that are discoid-pulvinate, flabelliform in longitudinal section, or in some species effused over large areas of the leaf sheaths.

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Teliospores are one celled with dark chestnut-brown walls about (1-)2-3 m thick, arranged in tightly or loosely adhearing more or less verticle rows. The upper layer of spores often have apically thickened walls that may appear as a continuous layer suggesting a peridium. Two germ pores have been reported in teliospores of Kweilingia bagchii. Even though Thirumalachar and Narasimhan (1951 concluded that Kweilingia is a member of the Auriculariales, we have no doubt that it is a rust because of the characteristic anamorphs. The large, black telia superficially resemble some Ascomycete structures. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) kept Kweilingia and Dasturella as separate genera but reported that Buritic (1998) had combined them as Kweilingia. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) included a key to separate genera in Phakopsoraceae that stated Dasturella has "catenulate teliospores" while Dasturella has "teliospores not catenulate". In their descriptions both genera were reported only to have catenulate teliospores, which was shown also by the illustrations. Another trait they reported as different was that the teliospores of Dasturella were "firmly adherent laterally and terminally" while those of Kweilingia are "loosely adherent at first but separating later". Uredopeltis also is dificult to separate from Kweilingia. KWEILINGIADIVINA (H. Sydow) Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 22: 330. 1998. (0/Icv IIse,III). ' Angiopsora divina H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 34: 71. 1936. TYPE on Bambusa sp. (= Dendrocalamus sp.) from India, Majgawan, 5 Jan 1935, Tandon-188. ' Dasturella divina ( H. Sydow) Mundkur & Kheswalla, Mycologia 35: 203. 1943. = Dasturella oxytenantherae Sathe, Sydowia 19: 1965. TYPE on Oxytenanthera sp. from India, Mahableshwar, 20 Jan 1965, A.V. Sathe s.n. . Synanamorphs Physopella inflexa (Ito) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 19: 56. 1994. This is the anamorph name for uredinia. ' Uredo inflexa Ito, J. Agr. Coll. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 3: 247. 1909. TYPE on Sasa sp. from Taiwan, Daihoku, date not reported, H. R. Suzuki s.n. = Uredo ignava Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 45: 121. 1919. TYPE on Bambos vulgaris Schrad. from Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas, 29 Jan 1916. J. R. Johnston424. Dicaeoma ignavum (Arthur) Arthur & Fromme, N. Am. Fl. 7: 341. 1920. ' Puccinia (?) ignava (Arthur) Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 73: 65. 1922. ' Physopella ignava (Arthur) Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 20: 204. 1996. Aecidium thaungii Carvalho, Hennen, & Figueiredo, Summa Phytopatol. 27:261. 2001 ' Aecidium randiicola Thaung, Trans. British mycol. Soc. 66: 107. 1976. TYPE on Randia sp. aff. dumetorum, Rubiaceae, from Burma, Kyaukchaw, east of Mandalay, 7 Sept 1974, M. M. Thaung s.n. (not Aecidium randiicola Spegazzini, Rev. Arg. de Bot. 1 (2a.-3a.): 99-100. 1925). This is the anamorph name for aecia but Thaungs species requires a new name (nom. nov.) because Spegazzini (1925) published this name earlier for a different rust. On Gramineae: Bambusa vulgaris Schrader, Amap (IBI-1600, II), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14356, II), Par (IBI-13629; II; IBI-16156, II), Pernambuco (IBI-15579, II); Rio de Janeiro, (IBI-12481, II), So Paulo (IBI-17684, II, III). We are uncertain about the nomenclature of the hosts. Kweilingia divina has been reported as widespread in warm regions of the world wherever certain species of bamboo occur or are cultivated for food, ornamentals, and bamboo poles. Genera of Bamboos reported as hosts include: Bambusa, Dendrocalamus. Ochlandra, Oxytenanthera, Thyriostaschys, and Gigantochloa. Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium thaungii, unknown in the New World) . Uredinia (Physopella inflexa) on both sides of leaves, pale brown, paraphyses abundant, incurved, colorless or brownish, wall 1-1.5 m thick on inner facing side, 3-5 m thick on the outer facing side and apically; urediniospores (21-)23-28(31) x(-14)16-19(-21) m, obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1-2 m thick, yellowish or pale brownish, echinulate, germ pores probably 4, equatorial, very obscure. Telia blackish brown, erumpent, pulvinate, crustose, mostly 150-200 m thick, teliospores 13-18 x 10-16 m, mostly cuboid, or oblong, in vertical rows of mostly 3-6 spores, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 3-12 m thick at apex, chestnut-brown or darker (Cummins, 1971).

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Kweilingia divina has been reported from the New World before only by the anamorph name Uredo ignava Arthur (Cummins, 1971). Carvalho et al. (2001) were first to report the teleomorph from the New World [Parque Estadual do Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), So Paulo, 95-107/IBI 17684] and first to connect the anamorph Uredo ignava (=.Physopella inflexa). The rust seems to have been dispersed with the vegetatively reproduced hosts. In Asia, Bamboos have been reported to be attacked also by about 20 species of Puccinia but none of these have been reported from Latin America. Because the morphology of the uredinial anamorph is that of Physopella, Buritic & Hennen (1994) transfered Uredo inflexa S. Ito to Physopella. The synonomy of Dasturella divina given by Cummins (1971) reveals that Uredo inflexa S. Ito has priority over U. ignava Arthur. Cummins (1971) suggested that U. ignava would be found to be an anamorph of Dasturella. The collection from PEFI that has both teleomorph and anamorph sori clearly shows Cummins was correct. Later Buritic (1998) placed Dasturella as a synonym of Kweilingia as shown above. Thirumalachar et al. (1945) in India reported successful inoculations with aeciospores from an unnamed Aecidium sp. infecting Randia dumetorum Lamarck, Rubiaceae, onto leaves of bamboo resulting in uredinia and telia of Dasturella divina ('Kweilingia divina). Thaung (1976) named the same species of Aecidium on Randia dumetorum from Burma Ae. randiicola but Spegazzini used this name before for a different rust in Argentina. That is why we provided a new name, Aecidium thuangii, for this anamorph. Several collections of Aecidium randiae P. Hennings on Basanacantha sp.are known from Brazil but their connection to K. divina, if any, is unknown. This is the second species of Kweilingia to be reported in the Western Hemisphere. K. americana Buritic & Hennen was described on Costus pictus Don, Zingiberaceae (Costaceae), from Chiapas, Mexico (Buritic, 1998). Lecythea Lveill, Ann. Sci. nat.ser.3, 8:373. 1847. Lecythea,a name not currently in use, is an anamorph genus for uredinia of Phragmidium spp. (Laundon, 1965A). The genus is characterized by sori that are surrounded by peripheral incurved paraphyses and have pedicellate, echinulate spores. Lecythea pezizaeformis Berkeley & Curtis, see DICHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur. LEPTINIA Juel, Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23 Afd. 3: 15.1897. TYPE SPECIES, Leptinia brasiliensis Juel. See below. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Anamorph spores produced by percurrent proliferation, the first spore in a series formed endogenously within the tip of a sporogenous cell, the apical part of the sporogenous cell wall breaks open as the first spore is pushed out by an elongating pedicel, later spores develop one after the other from the top part of the same sporogenous cell., each new spore comes through the pedicel of the previous spore. A small, irregularly split collar is left at the top of the sporogenous cell after a spore becomes detached. The collar is the remains of a part of the pedicel of the previous spore. After a sporogenous cell has produced several spores, several closely spaced, irregular collars are present. Telia subepidermal in origin, teliospores produced endogenously similar to the anamorph spores but usually only one teliospore per sporogenous cell, pedicellate, two-celled, wall very thin, colorless, germination without dormancy. We recognize Leptinia because of our discovery of the unusual endogenous production of teliospores. Except for their endogenous production, these teliospores are similar to thin-walled, colorless teliospores of Puccinia. Very young sori must be examined to observe the endogenous nature of teliospore production. Neither Juel (1897), the Sydows (1904), nor Hiratsuka and Cummins (2003) reported the endogenous production of teliospores. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) did not recognize Leptinia, they considered it a synonym of Puccinia. LEPTINIA BRASILIENSIS Juel, Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23 Afd. 3: 15. 1897. TYPE on Astronium sp , reported originally as on an unidentified host, from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Buritizinho, Serra do Itopirapuan, 20 April 1894, Lindman s.n. (-/-,-/III). On Anacardiaceae:

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Astronium sp., Gois (IBI-13336), Mato Grosso (Juel,1897: 15), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14335). Leptinia brasiliensis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia on abaxial side of leaflets, subepidermal in origin, long covered by the epidermis, minute, in dense angular groups, waxy-crustose, dark choclate-brown; teliospores formed endogenously, pedicellate, two-celled, 30-38 x 10-14 m, oblong to fusiform, rounded above and below, slightly constricted at the septum, wall uniformly less than 1 m thick, smooth, colorless to pale yellow, septum often oblique, pedicel pale brown, germination without dormancy.

MACABUNA Buritic & Hennen (anamorph), Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 19: 50. 1994. TYPE SPECIES Macabuna zizyphyi (Patuillard) Buritic & Hennen ( Uredo zizyphi Patouillard on Zizyphus sp., Rhamnaceae, from Viet Nam). Sori subepidermal in origin, erumpent, paraphyses peripheral, numerous, curved inward; sporeogenous cells produce spores sympodially on pedicels, spores easily deciduous leaving remnants of pedicels in the mature sori, spores echinulate. See Aeciure for aids to identify anamorph genera of Uredinales. Macabuna adenocalymmatis (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, see PHRAGMIDIELLA PAULISTA Buritic & Hennen. Macabuna arrabideae (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, see PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic in Buritic & Pardo-Cardona. Macabuna daleae Buritic & Hennen, see PHRAGMIDIELLA BIGNONIACEARUM (Dale) Buritic & Hennen. Macabuna marnavea Buritic & Hennen, see PHRAGMIDIELLA MINUTA (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen. Macabuna qualeae Buritic & Hennen, see APLOPSORA HENNENII J. Dianese & L. T. P. Santos. MALUPA Ono, Buritic & Hennen (anamorph), Mycol Res. 96: 828. 1992. TYPE SPECIES, Malupa meibomiae (Arthur) Ono, Buritic & Hennen (original description given by Arthur as ) on Desmodium incanum de Candolle, Leguminosae, from Puerto Rico. Sori subepidermal or intraepidermal in origin, paraphyses peripheral, numerous, raised up by subtending hyphoid tissue and incurved over the sorus but leaving a pore-like opening. Spores echinulate, appear sessile in mature sori. In some species sporogenous cells with distal collars have been reported indicating repetitive spore production from the same sporogenous cell. This results in spores without true pedicels and are described as sessile Malupa bixae (Arthur) Buritic, see CROSSOPSORA BIXAE Buritic. Malupa colubrinae (Cummins) Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA COLUBRINAE Vigas. MALUPA CONDYLOCARPI (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 410. 1999. (?/?,II/?) ' Uredo condylocarpi H. S. Jackson & Holway, Mycologia 23: 493. 1931. TYPE on Condylocarpon rauwolfiae Mueller -Arg. from Brazil, So Paulo: So Joao, 2 Jul 1922, E.W.D. Holway & Mary M. Holway-1986. On Apocynaceae Undetermined genus, perhaps Condylocarpon sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-16269, IBI-16291), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 493; IBI-16524). Malupa condylocarpi has been reported only from Brazil.

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Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia 0.2-0.3 mm across on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in loose groups, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, ruptured epidermis not evident, powdery, cinnamon-brown; paraphyses abundant, 60-225 m long x 6 m wide above, to 12 m wide below, peripheral, incurved at first, becoming erect, wall 1-1.5 m thick, sometimes thickened to 4 m on outer side at base; urediniospores 32-38 x 19-25 m, ellipsoid, obovoid or pyriform; wall 1-1.5 m thick, closely and minurtely echinulate, pores obscure (Jackson, 1931). The erect peripheral paraphyses often more than 100 m long, aid in identifying this species. The two other species of Crossopsora known on Apocynaceae in the neotropics are C. angusta, also from Brazil, with peripheral paraphyses 30-50 m long and curved, and those of C. stevensi, from Guyana and Trinidad, with paraphyses usually more than 80 m long and also curved (Buritic,1999). Buritic predicted that Malupa condylocarpi will be found to belong to a Crossopsora species. Malupa montesina Buritic, see CROSSOPSORA ULEANA (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) R. S. Peterson. Malupa piperinum (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen, see CROSSOPSORA PIPERIS Berndt et al. Malupa uvifera (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen (' Uredo uvifera Sydow), see CEROTELIUM COCCOLOBAE for notes. Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur]. MARAVALIA Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 73: 60. 1922. TYPE SPECIES, Maravalia palida Arthur & Thaxter on Pithecolobium latifolium , Leguminosae. [See Ono, Y. 1984. A monograph of Maravalia (Uredinales). Mycologia 76: 892-911]. = Scopella Mains, Ann. Mycol. 37: 58. 1939. TYPE SPECIES: Maravalia echinulata Ono, Mycologia 76: 904. 1984; ' Uromyces echinulatus Niessl ex Rabenhorst on Madhuca latifolia Macbride, Sapotaceae, from India, Bombay, 22 Feb 1922, H. M. Chebber s.n. = Acervulopsora Thirumalachar, Mycologia 37: 299. 1945. TYPE SPECIES: Acervulopsora ichnocarpi Thirumalachar on Ichnocarpus frutescens Br., Apocynaceae, from India. = Scopellopsis T. S. & K. Ramakrishnan, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. B. 26: 62: 1947. TYPE SPECIES: Scopellopsis dalbergiae T. S. & K. Ramakrishnan on Dalbergia sp., Leguminosae, from India. = Angusia Laundon, Trans. Britt. Mycol. Soc. 47: 327. 1964. TYPE SPECIES: Angusia lonchocarpi Laundon on Lonchocarpus capassa Rolfe., Leguminosae, from Zimbabwe. Probasidia (teliospores)one-celled, thin-walled, colorless or rarely palely pigmented, pedicellate, these arise sympodially from laterally free teliosporogenous cells, these not always evident; metabasidia develop without a dormancy period either by extension of the apex of the probasidium or from an apically differentiated germ pore; pedicels hygroscopic in some species. The walls of urediniospores of some species on Sapotaceae have very characteristic echinulations that are surrounded by basal halos in the cell wall. Spermogonia type 5 or 7. About 30 species are included in the genus by Ono (1984). They occur world wide in tropical areas, and infect nine different dicot families. Most species occur on the Leguminosae with 13 species and the Sapotaceae with ten species. Ono (1984) reported that the placement of Maravalia in a family is uncertain. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) reported it in Chaconiaceae. Key to help identify species of Maravalia in Brazil 1. Basidiosori not accompanied by other kinds of sori, locally systemic in leaves, pedicels not hygroscopic 2. Basidiosori paraphysate, effused on large abaxial leaf spots Maravalia swartziae (Swartzia, Leguminosae) 2. Basidiosori without paraphyses, on puckered, yellow-green, blister-like, leaf spots Maravalia erythroxyli (Erythroxylum, Erythroxylaceae) 1. Basidiosori with other sori, without paraphyses 3. Urediniospores asymetrically narrowly obovoid to ellipsoid, often with a concave side,

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apex often broadly papillate Maravalia perae on Pera (Euphorbiaceae) 3. Urediniospores globoid, ellipsoid, to obovoid, , probasidia pedicels hygroscopic 4. Urediniospores with basal smooth areas Maravalia amazonensis (Swartzia, Leguminosae) 4. Urediniospores completely echinulate Maravalia bauhiniicola on Bauhinia, Leguminosae Maravalia sebastianae on Sebastiana, Euphorbiaceae Maravalia palaquii on Palaquium, Sapotaceae Other species of Maravalia in Latin America 1. Maravalia pallida Arthur & Thaxter on Pithecellobium sp., Leguminosae, from Trinidad, reported only from the TYPE. 2. Maravalia guianensis Ono on Faramea multiflora A. Richard, Rubiaceae, from Guyana, reported only from the TYPE. 3. Maravalia manettiae Joerstad on Manettia sp., Rubiaceae, reported from only two specimens, both from Ecuador. 4. Maravalia bolivarensis Ono on Achrus zapota Linnaeus, Sapotaceae. from Venezuela. 5. Maravalia kevorkianii (Cummins) Cummins on Mimusops, Sapotaceae, from Cuba, reported only from the TYPE. 6. Maravali sapotae (Mains) Ono on Achras zapota Linnaeus, Sapotaceae, from Belize, Cuba, and Venezuela. 7. Maravalia quadrilobata (Hennen & Cummins) Ono on Vitex sp., Verbenaceae, from Mexico reported only from the TYPE. Maravalia albescens Sydow, see CHACONIA ALUTACEA Juel. MARAVALIA AMAZONENSIS (Albuquerque) Y. Ono, Mycologia 76: 898. 1984. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Scopella amazonensis Albuquerque, Pesq. Agropec. Bras. Ser. Agron. 6: 149. 1971. TYPE on Swartzia arborescens (Aublet) Pittier, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Manaus, 28 Jan 1963, Albuquerque (IPEAN-929, IAN-585). Maravalia amazonensis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Uredinia and basidiosori on abaxial side of leaves, often in confluent groups up to 2 mm across, supepidermal in origin, paraphyses absent; urediniospores 17-25 x 14-18(-25) m, subglobose, ovoid, to broadly ellipsoid, walls about 1.5 m thick, colorless, echinulate but with an almost smooth base, germ pores not seen. Basidiosori compact, waxy, probasidia 29-50 x (10-)14-19 m, ovoid to fusoid,-cylindric or oblong, walls thin, colorless, smooth, pedicels to 100 m long, persistent, hygroscopic (Ono, 1984). MARAVALIA BAUHINIICOLA (Cummins) Y. Ono, Mycologia 76: 899. 1984. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Scopella bauhiniicola Cummins, Mycologia 48: 606. 1956. TYPE on Bauhinia heterophylla Kunth, Leguminosae, Cuba, Matanzas, Canasi, 25 March 1919, J. R. Johnston-1115.

Anamorph
Uredo bauhiniicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 98. 1895. TYPE on Bauhinia rubiginosa Bongard from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Jan1893, Ule-1994. ' Scopella bauhiniicola (P. Hennings) Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 72. 1940. On Leguminosae. ?Bauhinia rubiginosa Bongard, Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 98; Cummins, 1940: 42; 1950: 211; 1956: 606), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14319). Bauhinia heterophylla Kunth, Gois (Cummins, 1956: 606; Ono, 1984: 899). Bauhinia sp., Amap (IBI-16025), Par (IBI-16050) Maravalia bauhiniicola has been reported only from Cuba and Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, in small groups or forming concentric rings, 0.2-0.8 mm diam, often confluent to 5 mm diam, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pale yellow or whitish, urediniospores pedicellate, (19-)20-25(-26) m, subglobose, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid,

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walls 1.5-2.5 m thick, evenly finely echinulate, colorless to pale yellow; germ pores obscure. Basidiosori similar to and often completely replacing uredinia, compact, waxy, probasidia (30-)35x47 x 12-18(-21) m, obovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, walls evenly very thin, smooth, colorless, pedicels to 55 m long, , persistent, hygroscopic and swelling, colorless (Ono, 1984). Uredo ulei may belong here. See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. MARAVALIA ERYTHROXYLI (Vigas) Ono & Hennen, Trans . Mycol. Soc. Japan 24: 387. 1983. (-/,-/III). ' Puccinia erythroxyli Vigas, Bragantia 3: 54. 1943. TYPE on Erythroxylum suberosum SaintHilaire from Brazil, So Paulo: cerrado near Mogi-Mirim, 12 Oct 1941, A. P. Vigas & G. P. Vigas-4095. ' Chaconia erythroxyli (Vigas) Vigas, ndice fung. Amer. do Sul, p. 405. 1961. On Erythroxylaceae. Erythroxylum daphnites Martius, So Paulo (IBI-13361). Erythroxylum engleri O. E. Shultz, Minas Gerais (IBI-12644). Erythroxylum suberosum Saint-Hilaire, Federal District (13213), Minas Gerais (IBI-13359), So Paulo (Vigas, 1943: 54; 1945: 25;IAC-4325; IBI-13142). Erythroxylum sp., Federal District (IBI-14897), Minas Gerais (IBI-14885), So Paulo (IAC-3879, IBI-12599). Maravalia erythroxyli has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Basidiosori mostly on abaxial side of leaves, sori minute but usually confluent to form large irregular sori on raised convex lesions of various sizes, often 2-4 cm across or more, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, compact, waxy, bright yellwish-orange, when fresh; without paraphyses, probasidia 27-41 x 10-16 m, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, walls thin, colorless, smooth; pedicels 8-16 m long, colorless, persistent; basidiospores 10-13 x 9-11 m, subglobose to obovoid (Ono & Hennen, 1983: 387). Infections by Maravalia erythroxyli induce large, pale yellow-green, blister-like puckering on leaves. This unusual symptom is helpful for identifying this species. Key to help identify three rust species on Erythroxylum, Erythroxylaceae, in Latin America 1. Sori not powdery, on large lellow or yellowish-green, blister like or puckered areas on leaves Maravalia erythroxyli. 2 (Phakopsora) . 1. Sori powdery or crust-like, not on blister-like or puckered areas of leaves. 2. Anamorph spores obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 20-24 x 16-22 m, yellowish, telia punctiform Phakopsora erythroxyli. with a nearly sphaerical hymenium, spores in 13 layers. 2. Anamorph spores irregularly or angularly obovoid or ellipsoid, 22-30 x 16-20 m, brownish, telia lenticular, crusty with a flat or slightly concave hymenium, with more than 3 spore Phakopsora coca. layers Maravalia ingae H. Sydow, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. MARAVALIA LUCUMAE (Dietel) Y. Ono, Mycologia 76: 906. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Uromyces lucumae Dietel Ann. Mycol.. 6: 95. 1908. TYPE on Lucuma caimito Roemer from Brazil, Par: Belm, Botanical Garden of Museu Goeldi, Jan 1908, Huber. ' Scopella lucumae (Dietel) Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 75. 1940. On Sapotaceae Lucuma caimito Roemer & Schultes, Par (Cummins, 1940: 75; 1950: 211), Rio de Janeiro (IBI6775), So Paulo (IBI-3146.). Lucuma sp., So Paulo (IBI-68). Maravalia lucumae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-2 mm long, scattered or grouped, often confluent to 5 mm long, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, urediniospores pedicellate, (16-)2024(-26) x 16-24 m, globose, subglobose, to oblong-ellipsoid; walls (1.5-)2-3 m thick, completely echinulate, colorless, germ pores not seen. Basidiosori on abaxial side of leaves, similar to and often

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replacing uredinia, probasidia (35-)38-50(-54) x (12-)14-19 m, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindric, walls ca 1 m thick, smooth, colorless; pedicels to 50 m long, hygroscopic, colorless, persistent (Cummins, 1940). MARAVALIA PALAQUII (Cummins) Y. Ono, Mycologia 76: 907. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Scopella palaquii Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 211. 1950. TYPE on Palaquium sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Aug 1897, Ule-2359. Anamorph Uredo palaquii P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (129). 1899. TYPE onPalaquium sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Botanical Garden, August 1897, Ule-2357. On Sapotaceae Palaquium sp., Rio de Janeiro(Hennings, 1899: (129); Cummins, 1950: 211). Maravalia palaquii has been reported only from the two collections made by Ule from the type locality, one is the type of the teleomorph, the other is the type of the anamorph. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm across, scattered to loosely grouped, sometimes confluent, subepidermal in origin, erumpent; urediniospores pedicellate, (20-)2130 x (15-)17-24 m, subglobose, obovoid to ellipsoed; walls 1.5-2.5(-3) m thick, completely echinulate, colorless, germ pores not seen. Basidiosori on the abaxial side of leaves, similar to the uredinia, probasidia (36-)41-62 x 9-18(-19) m, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindric, walls thin, smooth, colorless; pedicels 20-55 m long, hygroscopic, persistent, colorless. The identification of the host genus needs to be confirmed. The host genus Palaquium is from southeast Asia and has been introduced into Brazil. Maravalia pura (H. Sydow) Mains, see UROMYCES PURUS (H. Sydow) Cummins. MARAVALIA SEBASTIANIAE Lindquist, Darwiniana 9: 609. 1952. TYPE on Sebastiania klotzschiana Mueller-Arg. from Argentina, Crdoba: Sierra de Achala, Rio Yuspe, between La Hoyada and Pampa del Matadero, 10 Dec 1950, Hunziker-8700. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo sebastianiae Winter, Hedwigia 26: 12. 1887. TYPE on Sebastiania sp. from Uruguay, Montevideo, Oct 1886, Arechavaleta s.n. On Euphorbiaceae. Sebastiania klotschiana Mueller-Arg., Rio Grande doSul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 61), Santa Catarina (IBI-12904). Sebastiania sp., Rio de Janeiro (HBG, Ule-2113). Maravalia sebastinaiae has been reported also from Argentina and Uruguay (Ono, 1984). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, sometimes on young stems, scattered or often confluent in large irregular patches, coverd at first by the epidermis, erumpent and surrounded by the broken epidermis, powdery or waxy after spores are gone, yellow-orange; urediniospores pedicellate, 16-21 x 12-15 m, obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, uniformly echinulate or often becoming smooth at the base, pores invisible. Probasidia in the uredinia, 20-50 x 12-16 m, cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid, narrowed above and below, straight or slightly curved, wall very thin, colorless; pedicel 2050 x 7-10 m, hygroscopic, persistent, colorless (Lindquist, 1982). Maravalia utriculata H. Sydow, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. MARAVALIA SWARTZIAE Ono, Mycologia 76: 902. 1984. TYPE on Swartzia sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Par: Monte Dourado, Jari-Portal, 26 Jan 1970, N. Tomaz-1262. (-/-,-/III). Maravalia swartziae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Basidiosori locally systemic in leaves, forming large deformed effused abaxial patches, intradermal or subepidermal, paraphyes 41-62 x 7-11 m, wall somewhat thickened and angular at the apex, pale yellow to colorless; probasidia 31-41 x 10-14 m, tightly packed, walls thin, colorless; pedicels 10-15 m long, colorless, non-hygroscopic (Ono, 1984). Albuquerque (1971) included this species in a list of rusts from Par, Brazil but did not publish a description.

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MELAMPSORA L. Castagne, Observations sur Quelques Plantes Acotyldones Requeillies dans le Department des Bouches-du-Rhone 2: 18, 1843. TYPE SPECIES: Melampsora euphorbiae (Schubert) Castagne. When Castagne (1843) proposed the genus Melampsora, he included only one species, M. euphorbiae (Schubert) Castagne, which automatically became the type species. Schubert in 1823 was first to name this fungus but he placed it in the Ascomycete genus Xyloma as X. (Placuntium) euphorbiae Schubert, in Ficinus, Fl. Dresden, ed. 2, 2: 31. 1823. The type specimen is from near Dresden, Germany on Euphorbia exigua Linnaeus. Xyloma and Placuntium are now synonyms of the Ascomycete genus Rhytisma, Rhytismataceae (Dictionary of the Fungi, 8th ed., 1995). The citation of the name of the publication where Castagne published the name Melampsora has not been consistent. Arthur (1925, p. 670) published it as Obs. Myc. 2: 18. 1843; Laundon (1965A, p. 11) as Observations Urdines 2 18, 1843; and Cummins and Hiratsuka (1983, p. ) as Obs. Pl. Acotyl. Fam. Ured . 2: 128. 1843. We give the complete title of the publication as it appears on the title page of a copy available to us. Melampsora is a large genus of perhaps as many as 80 species, probably all native of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus includes both heteroecious and autoecious species. The heteroecious species have spermogonia and aecia on Gymnosperms and uredinia and telia on Populus and Salix in the Salicaceae. The autoecious species infect mainly herbaceous plants. Melampsora is most readily identified by the characteristic, usually numerous, intrasoral, capitate paraphyses in the uredinia. Where known, the aeciospores of Melampsora are catenulate with intercalary cells and belong to the anamorph Caeoma. But a number of these anamorphs have evanescent or poorly developed peridia, which could place them in the anamorph Aecidium. At least one species, Melampsora hypericorum, whose spermogonia and aecia are unknown, has urediniospores that are catenulate. This species is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere on cultivated species of ornamental Hypericum. Curiously, Arthur (1907) used the genus name Uredo for Melampsora. Later, he abandoned this usage in favor of the name Melampsora, now used by all modern authors. Melampsora is best known in Brazil by the three or four species that cause rust disease on several introduced species of Salix and Populus (Salicaceae). These Melampsora species are heteroecious but persist in Brazil by repeated infections by urediniospores. The Gymnosperm spermogonial and aecial hosts are absent from Brazil. Melampsora species on Populus spp. have urediniospores with their lateral walls noticeably thickended while those on Salix spp. have urediniospores in which the lateral walls are not noticeably thickened. Melampsora euphorbiae produces a rust disease of Euphorbia sp., plants that are considered as important weeds. The rust may help reduce populations of these weeds, thus acting as a natural biological control agent. Melampsora lini (Ehrenberg) Leveille on Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus, flax, which has been reported from Brazil but not reported in recent decades, is of great scientific importance because this was the species that was used to develop the theory of "gene for gene" relationships between physiologic races of rusts and cultivars of cultivated crops. Melampsora epitea was one of the first rust species to be cultured axenically in Brazil (Carvalho, Jr., et al., 1998). Melampsora abieti-caprearum Tubeuf, see MELAMPSORA EPITEA Thuemen. Melampsora alli-populina Klebahn, see MELAMPSORA POPULNEA (Persoon) Karsten. Melampsora argentinensis Spegazzini, see PHAKOPSORA ARGENTINENSIS (Spegazzini) Arthur. MELAMPSORA EPITEA Thuemen, Mitth. Forstl. Versuchsw. Oesterr. 2: 38. et 40. 1879. TYPE on  Salix sp. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Melampsora abieti-caprearum Tubeuf, Centralblatt f. Bacteriol. II. Abt.9: 241: 1902. TYPE on Salix caprea Linnaeus from Germany, Bavaria: Bernau near Chiemsee. = Melampsora humboldtiana Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 23: 28. 1912. TYPE on Salix humboldtiana Willdenow, a lectotype needs to be chosen from the two

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collections listed by Spegazzini, one from Uruguay and one from Argentina, "prope Montevido, Nov. 1909, et in insulis Ibiany, Entre Rios, Mayo 1911". On Salicaceae: Salix babylonica Linnaeus, Minas Gerais, So Paulo (IBI-15969; see Carvalho, A. A. Jr. et al., 1998). Salix discolor Muhlenberg, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 121, reported as Melanpsora abieti-caprearum; IAN-721). Salix sp., Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-14086). Melampsora epitea is a species complex that occurs circumglobally especially in North Temperate regions. The uredinial and telial phases of Melampsora epitea parasitize more than 15 species of Salix. Hylander et al. (1953) were first to report Melampsora epitea as a species complex with at least 15 names applied to various populations of the complex. Some authors have recognized at least eight formae speciales of this species based mainly on aecial hosts. In most of its range no spermogonia and aecia are produced because the Gymnosperm hosts of these stages are absent. Melampsora epitea has been reported on Salix babylonica previously in North America. Walker (1978) reported an introduced rust on Salix babylonica in Australia as Melampsora coleosporioides Dietel which has been reported mainly from Japan and China and surrounding regions. Melampsora epitea was one of the first rust species to be cultured axenically in Brazil (Carvalho, Jr., et al., 1998). MELAMPSORA EUPHORBIAE (Schubert) Castagne, Obs. Pl. Acotyl., 2p. 18, 1843. TYPE, see discussion above about the type species of the genus. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). The following synonomy is from Joerstad (1958). We have not attempted to determine the type specimens of these names, none of which are from The Americas. = Melampsora euphorbiae-dulcis Otth, Mitth. Naturf. Ges. Bern, 1868 p. 70. 1869. = Melampsora helioscopiae Winter in Rhabenhorst Krypt.-Fl., Ed. 2, I, 1 p. 240. 1882. = Melampsora euphorgiae-gerardianae W. Mull., Centralbl. f. Bakt., II, 19 p. 548. 1907. = Melampsora cyparissae W. Mull., l. c., p. 553. 1907. = Melampsora gelmii Bres., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 1897 p. 75. = Melampsora ricini Passerini ex Noronha, Agron. Lusit. 14 p. 242. 1952. Anamorph Uredo ricini Biv.-Bern. in Stirp. Rar. Sicil., 3 p. 10. 1815. = Melampsora ricini Passerini, Erb. Critt. Ital., Ser. 2, Fasc. 14, No 684. 1878. = Melampsorella? ricini (Biv.-Bern.) De Toni in Sacc., Syll. Fung., 7n p. 596. 1888. On Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia ?heterophylla. Minas Gerais (IBI-16305), Pernambuco (IBI-14305), Rio de Janeiro (Barreto and Evans, 1998), Rio Grande do Sul (17418), So Paulo (IBI-13991). Melampsora euphorbiae has been reported as wide spread in the Northern Hemisphere, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. In South America it has been reported also from Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. More than 50 species of Euphorbia have been reported as hosts. Ricinus communis Linnaeus has been reported as a host in Africa and Europe. Melampsora euphorbiae is an autoecious, long cycle rust but spermogonia and aecia have been reported only rarely. Melampsora humboldtiana Spegazzini, see MELAMPSORA EPITEA Thuemen. MELAMPSORA LARICI-POPULINA Klebahn, Zeits, Pflanzenkr. 12: 25. 1902. TYPE on Populus  canadensis Moench from Germany: Hamburg. (0/Icv IIpe/III). On Salicaceae: Populus canadensis Moench, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 225). Populus nigra Linnaeus var. italica DuRoy, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 6; IAC-4015), So Paulo (IAC-7949). ?Salix monolifera?, So Paulo (Puttemans-1623) This record is based on a host or a rust misidentification. During the last several decades Melampsora larici-populina has been reported worldwide in many countries, having spread from its original range in northern Eurasia to introduced plantings of its Populus spp.

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hosts. This rust causes severe defoliation especially on young plants of Populus nigra and Populus spp.causing retarded development. Urediniospores are smooth on top. Melampsora medusae, a very similar species on Populus spp., has urediniospores that are smooth in the equatorial region. MELAMPSORA LINI (Ehrenberg) Lveill, Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. Ser. 3, 8: 376. 1847. (0/Icv/IIpe/III). ' Xyloma? lini Ehrenberg, Sylvae Myc. Berol., p. 27. 1918. TYPE on Linum usitatissimum L. from Europe On Linaceae: Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus, Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 142; IBI-5747), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 129; IAN-728; IBI-4714), So Paulo (IBI10244). Although of little economic importance in Brazil now because of practically no production of flax in Brazil, this rust has been of great importance in the biological sciences because of its use in a model system for working out the theory of gene for gene relationship between host and parasite in plant disease resistance. H. H. Flor working in North Dakota in the United States of America was able to develop this theory using this rust because it is a long cycle, autoecious rust species on flax with which Flor made sexual crosses and thus was able to study the genetics of virulence of the fungus in conjunction with resistence in the host. Melampsora lisianthi Patouillard, see PUCCINIA LISIANTHI H. S. Jackson & Holway. MELAMPSORA MEDUSAE Thuemen, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 216. 1878. TYPE on.  (0/Icv IIpe/III). On Salicaceae: Populus sp., Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 6), Paran (IBI-17592), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 6; IAC-11045). This rust is similar to Melampsora larici-populina and causes similar damage to Populus spp. but not to P. nigra. The urediniospores are echinulate but have a smooth equatorial region. Melampsora. laricipopulina has urediniospores that are echinulate but smooth on top. MELAMPSORA OCCIDENTALIS H. S. Jackson, Phytopathology 7: 354. 1917. TYPE on Populus trichocarpa from The United States of America, Oregon: Benton Co., Corvalis, 15 Oct 1915, H. S.  Jackson s.n. . (0/Icv IIpe/III). On Salicaceae: Populus sp., So Paulo (IAC-4536). The occurrence of the North American rust, Melampsora occidentalis, in Brazil requires confirmation. The urediniospores of M. occidentalis are reported to be 32-48 m long and ellipsoid. The two other species of Melampsora on Populus in North America that have ellipsoid urediniospores have shorter urediniospores (26-35 m). MELAMPSORA POPULNEA (Persoon) P. Karsten, Bidr. Knned. Finl. Nat. Folk 31 (or ?39): 53. 1879.  (0/Icv IIpe/III). The following synonomy and anamorph citations are from Joerstad (1958) and Henderson (1966) who considered Melampsora populnea as a collective species. We have not determined the type collections of these names. They are all from Europe. ' Sclerotium populneum Persoon, Syn. Meth. Fung., p. 125. 1801. = Melampsora tremulae Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 8: 95. 1854. = Melampsora aecidioides Schroeter, in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles., III, 1: 362. 1887. = Melampsora pinitorqua Rostrup, 1889. = Melampsor rostrupii Wegner, Oestrr. Bot. Zeits. 56: 273. 1896. = Melampsora larici-tremulae Klebahn, 1897. = Melampsora pulcherrima Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord. 7: 139. 1915. Anamorph Uredo aecidioides DeCandolle, Fl. Fr. 2: 236. 1805. On Salicaceae

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Populus alba Linnaeus, var. nivea Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist &Costa Neto, 1967: 60, IBI16867). Populus canadensis Moench, Brasil ( Silveira, 1951: 225, as Melampsora alli-populina Klebahn). Populus monolifera Ait., So Paulo (Puttemans-1623, as Melampsora alli-populina Klebahn). Melampsora populnea has been reported also from Uruguay in South America and as widespread in the temperatre regions of the Northern Hemisphere. , and is considered as a species complex with at least five names given to its "formae speciales". This rust is most common on cultivated Populus alba (white poplar) and its varieties. Only its uredinial and telial stages are known in South America. It has been reported to overseason in buds. Melampsora rostrupii Wegner, see MELAMPSORA POPULNEA (Persoon) P. Karsten. Micropuccinia Rostrup, Plantep. Haandb. 266. 1902. See Laundon (1965A) for details about the type species. Arthur proposed that Micropuccinia should be used for short cycled species of Puccinia. Spermogonia may or may not be produced. No aecia or uredinia are formed in the life cycle. Teliospores are two-celled. Later, Arthur abandoned the use of Micropuccinia and it is not used any more. Most of the species are now placed in Puccinia. We have not included all of the Micropuccinia names that may be synonyms of species of Puccinia in Brazil. Micropuccinia heterospora (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur & H. S. Jackson, see PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis Micropuccinia obliqua (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur & H. S. Jackson, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Milesia White (anamorph), Scottish Nat. 4: 162.1878, TYPE SPECIES Milesia polypodii White. Milesia bauhiniicola Ono, Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA BAUHINIICOLA Ono, Buritic & Hennen. Milesia brasiliae Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA BUTLERI Dianese, Santos & Medeiros in Dianese. Milesia caryocae Buritic & Hennen, see CEROTELIUM GIACOMETTII J. C. Dianese, Santos, & Medeiros in J. C. Dianese et al. MILESIA CROTALARIAE (Dietel) Ono, Buritic &Hennen, Mycol. Res. 96: 847. 1992. (?/?,IIse/?). Uredo crotalariae Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 257. 1899. (see Gjaerum, 1978). TYPE on Crotalaria sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Copa Cabana, Aug 1897, Ule-2328. Milesia crotalariae (Uredo crotalariae) has been reported only from the type. Gjaerum (1978) reported that two rust species are present on the type. Dietel described Uredo crotalariae Dietel, a rust with echinulate urediniospores with four equatorial germ pores. A teleomorph is unknown for it. Arthur (1917) found another rust on the type material that had uredinia with paraphyses, urediniospores nearly colorless without visible germ pores, and associated with Phakopsora telia. Arthur named this rust Phakopsora crotalariae (Hennings) Arthur. We ascribed this name to Arthur alone, not as a new combination, because Arthur described telia from the original type. Now, we consider this name a synonym of Phakopsora meibomiae Arthur. Ono et al. (1992) made a new combination of Uredo crotalariae as Milesia crotalariae (Dietel) Ono et al. They reported traits that help to identify Milesia crotalariae include sori on the abaxial side of leaves in small groups on discolorede spots, subepidermal in origin, covered by a peridioid hyphal cell layer, also with a few peripheral and hymenial paraphyses, opening through a central pore, paraphyses cylindric to clavate, 20-30 x 6-9 m, wall uniformly 1 m thin, colorless, spores sessile, 21-30 x 16-21 m,

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obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, yellowish to colorless, minutely and densely echinulate, germ pores 4, equatorial. Milesia crotonicola (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, see PHAKOPSORA ARGENTINENSIS (Spegazzini) Arthur. Milesia cupheae (P. Hennings) Buritic, see PHAKOPSORA CUPHEAE Buritic. Milesia erythroxyli (Graziani) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, see PHAKOPSORA COCA Buritic & Hennen. Milesia erythroxyli-antillanae Buritic & Hennen., see Phakopsora erythroxyli (Cummins) Kern in Stevenson. Milesia lindquistii Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA CHAVESII Dianese, Santos & Medeiros in Dianese et al. Milesia pavida (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen, PHAKOPSORA PAVIDA Buritic & Hennen. Milesia phyllanthi (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen , PHAKOPSORA ULEI (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic. Milesia tijucae (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, see PHAKOPSORA TIJUCAE Buritic & Hennen.

MIMEMA H. S. Jackson,
Mycologia 23: 338. 1931. TYPE SPECIES: Mimema holwayi H. S. Jackson on Dalbergia sp. (originally reported mistakenly as Cassia versicolor) from Bolivia, Sur Yungas: Villa Aspiazu, 31 May 1920, Holway690. Uropyxidaceae.

Spermogonia and aecia not known. Uredinia with abundant peripheral, mostly pointed paraphyses, Calidion type, urediniospores finely and closely echinulate/verrucose, germ pores 1-6, equatorial. Telia develop following uredinia in the same sorus, emerging from the dense peripheral paraphyses as columns of teliospore tendrals, teliospores cylindrical or fusiform, multicelled usually 4 (3-6, or more, 9-12 in Uredo dalbergiae Ule2916 ), with long tapering pedicels, or these broken short, germination through discrete germ pores, metabasidia external. (Cummins & Hiratsuka, 2003).
Mimema has been considered as a synonym of Sorataea but was recognized by Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) because of the trait of one germ pore in each probasidial cell through which the metabasidium emerges. In Sorataea the metabasidium develops by the elongation of the apex of the probasidial cells. Also, the teliospores in Mimema are extruded from the sorus as a column or a tendril, a trait not reported for Sorataea. Cummins and Hiratsuka placed Mimema in the Uropyxidacea but did not include it in their key to genera of theis family.

MIMEMA VENTURAE Dianese, L. T. P. Santos, R. B. Medeiros & M. Sanchez, Mycological Research 98: 786. 1994. TYPE on Dalbergia miscolobium Bentham, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Federal District (?/?,II/III). Mimema venturae has been reported only from the type. The following may represent other collections of Mimema ventureae.

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UREDO DALBERGIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 98. 1895. TYPE on Dalbergia sp. from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Feb 1893, Ule-1995. = Uredo mararyensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 162. 1904. TYPE on Dalbergia sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Marary, September 1900, Ule-2916. = Uredo nidulans H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 332. 1903. TYPE on Dalbergia foliolosa Bentham from Bolivia, Guani-Tipuani, date not reported, M. Bang s.n. On Leguminosae. Dalbergia variabilis Vogel, Santa Catarina, (Hennings, 1896: 251), Brasil (Joerstad, 1959: 75). Dalbergia sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895: 98), Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1959: 75). Uredo dalbergiae has also been reported from Bolivia as shown above. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, on yellowish leaf spots, scattered or in loose or dense groups to 4 mm across, cinnamon-brown, erumpent, pulverulent; paraphyses 4080 x 5-8 m, numerous, peripheral, incurved, apically sharp-pointed, wall colorless to subcolorless, outer lateral wall 2.5-5 m thick, inner lateral wall 1-2 m thick; urediniospores 17-24 x 14-18 m, subglogoid, ovoid, to piriform, often slightly reniform, wall 1-1.5 m thick, pale brown, echinulate, germ pores probably several, obscure (P. & H. Sydow, 1924). Telia like the uredinia but teliospores emerge as a minute column or tendril, teliospores up to 130 x 5 m, elongate-needle-like, up to 9(-12) septate, pointed on both ends, wall uniformily about 1 m thick, colorless to pale yellow, pedicel broken ca 12 m from spore. Telia were found on an isotype specimen of Uredo mararyensis in PUR-F8906. Uredo dalbergiae is probably an anamorph of Mimema sp. or Sorataea sp. The Sydows (1924) determined that Uredo mararyensis, which has been reported only from the type, is a synonym of Uredo dalbergiae. NEPHLYCTIS Arthur, Jour Myc. 13: 31. 1907. TYPE SPECIES: Puccinia elegan Schroeter. Arthur proposed Nephlyctis for microcyclic species of Prospodium. The genus is no longer used. Nephlyctis elegans Arthur, see PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins. NIGREDO Roussel, Fl. Calvados ed. 2: 47. 1806. Laundon (1965A) states that this is a "rejected name" for Uromyces. Arthur (1912) used this genus for 83 macrocyclic species of Uromyces, both autoecious and heteroecious, that presumably have or do have spermogonia, aecia in the genus Aecidium, and uredinia with pedicellate spores. Later Arthur abandoned the use of the genus and it is no longer in use. Nigredo hyperici-frondosi (Arthur) Arthur, see UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke. Nigredo (?) howei (Peck) Arthur, see UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke. OLIVEA Arthur, Olivea capituliformis Arthur. See below. Mycologia 9: 60. 1917. TYPE SPECIES = Tegillum E. B. Mains, Bull Torrey Bot. Club. 67: 707. 1940. Type species Tegillum fimbriatum Mains on Vitex sp., Verbenaceae, from Belize (British Honduras). Olivea is characterized by having 1-few, sessile, colorless, thin-walled probasidial cells formed successively on laterally free basidiogenous cells; metabasidia develop by continuous apical elongation of probasidia without dormancy. About ten species are known and are reported from Africa, Asia, and Latin America on the Euphorbiaceae (Alchornea), Labiatae (Colebrookia), and Verbenaceae (Petitia, Tectonia, Vitex). (Ono & Hennen, 1983). OLIVEA CAPITULIFORMIS Arthur [as (P. Henn.) comb. nov.], Mycologia 9: 61. 1917. TYPE on Alchornea latifolia Sw. Puerto Rico, El Yunque, 12 March 1916, Whetzel & Olive-345. Arthur described telia from the specimen listed here as the type. (0/Ice,IIpe/III). Anamorph

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Uredo capituliformis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 97. (1895) 1896. TYPE on Alchornea sp. from Brazil, Gois: Serra dos Pyreneos, Aug 1892, Ule-1908. = Ravenelia capituliformis (P. Hennings) P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 160. 1904 (Based on uredinia). On Euphorbiaceae: Alchornea fluviatilis Secco, Amap (H. Sota-93-101). Alchornea iricurana Casaretto, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 466), So Paulo (IBI-12076). Alchornea pycnogyne Mueller-Arg., So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 466). Alchornea sidifolia Muell.-Arg., So Paulo (IBI-17564). Alchornea sp., Amap (IBI-16087), Bahia (IBI-13581), Gois [Hennings, (1895) 1896: 97], Minas Gerais (IBI-13511), So Paulo (IBI-12136). Olivea capituliformis has been reported also from Paraguay, Colombia, and Caribbean Islands. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, in the shape of little balls, easily dislodged, dark chestnut-brown, surrounded by numerous, dark reddish brown, cylindrical, incurved, basally united paraphyses forming a globose, basket-like sorus,urediniospores pedicellate, usually with one apical and four lateral protuberances which gives a somewhat stellate appearance (Ono and Hennen, 1983). See also UREDO ALCHORNEA P. Hennings. OLIVEA VITICIS Ono & Hennen, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 24: 393. 1983. TYPE on Vitex capitata from Trinidad, OMeara Savana, 22 March 1921, Seaver-3293. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo viticis Juel, Bih. Till, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. 23: 26. 1897. TYPE on Vitex sp. from Paraguay, between Asuncion and Lambar, 28 Aug 1893, Malme. = Uredo viticis-polygamae P Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 41: (15). 1902. TYPE on Vitex flavens from Brazil, Par: Belm, Botanical Garden, date?, Huber-54. On Verbenaceae: Vitex flavens Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Par (Hennings, 1902: 15; Ono, 1978: 99; PURF9004). Baker and Dale (1951) reidentified the host of the teleomorph type as reported here. The Sydows (1924) reidentified the host of the type of Uredo viticis-polygamae as reported here. Peridermium (anamorph) Peridermium has not been reportred from Brazil. The genus name Peridermium is used arbitrarily only for aecial sori of several heteroecious genera of rusts in the Northern Hemisphere whose aecia are produced on various Gymnosperms. The best known are the aecia of Cronartium spp. that procuce large galls on stems and cones of Pinus spp. Another well known example is the widespread genus Coleosporium whose aecia are produced on leaves (needles) of Pinus species in the Northerbn Hemisphere. Even though the uredinia and telia of several species of Coleosporium occur in Brazil on several species of Compositae (Elephantopus, Senecio, Solidago), on Ipomoea in the Convolvulaceae, and on Plumeria in the Apocynaceae, spermogonia and aecia of Coleosporium have never been reported on the needles of the many species of Pinus that have been introduced into Brazil. The basic structure of the sori of Peridermium is similar to that of Aecidium. Its sori have a basal hymenium of tightly packed sporogenous cells that produce long rows of catenulate spores. The sorus is susurrounded by a well developed peridium When the peridium ruptures great masses of spore are liberated and disseminated by the wind currents. The sori however, are not cylindrical as in Aecidium, but are flattentd longitudinally or are blister like. Other differences include the number of layers of cells in the peridium.. Arthur (1924) reported that Peridermium is a "form genus" that he defined as "Species whose lifecycle is not known, or is not readly assumed from related forms...These genera do not represent the whole cycle of development, and are not based upon type species" Later, he abandoned this usage presumably in favor of using Peridermium as a teleomorph genus in the modern sense. Peridermium ipomeae Hedgecock & Hunt, see COLEOSPORIUM IPOMEAE Burrill. Peridipes Buritic & Hennen (anamorph),. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 19: 50. 1994. TYPE SPECIES, Peridipes arachidis Buritic & Hennen.

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Peridipes arachidis was first described in the description of Puccinia arachidis Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 90. 1884. TYPE on Arachis sp. from Paraguay, Caa-guazu, Jan 1882, Balansa-3449. A sorus of Peridipes begins as a small mass of irregularly intertwined hyphae usually in an abaxial substomatal chamber. Intercellular hyphae extend into this mass from surrounding mesophyll tissue. The hyphal mass increases radially, especially just below the epidermis, but it does not cross the larger leaf veins. Increase in diameter occurs by the addition of new hyphal cells around the margin of the young protosorus. These new hyphal cells originate from beneath the developing sorus and their tips terminate just beneath the epidermis. This forms a radially expanding disk-like, palisade of hyphal tips. As growth continues, beginning in the central part of the protosorus, the hyphal tip cells differentiate into a region of catenulate cells, 2-3 cells deep. The upper layer of these catenulate cells adjacent to the epidermis develops into a thinwalled, reticulate-like peridium one cell thick. The cells proximal to the peridial cells eventually rupture as disjuncter cells. This separates the peridium layer from the remainder of the sorus. The thin one cell thick peridium usually remains attached to the epidermis when the sorus becomes erumpent and breaks through the epidermis. The mycelial cells below the disjunctor layer become spore producing cells. They divide to form spore initials, which in turn undergo a division to form young urediniospores distally and pedicel cells proximally. As the urediniospores mature, they enlarge, their walls become thicker, pigmented, and echinulate, and germ pores are differentiated. Pedicel cells elongate during maturation. At magnifications of about x 15, immature uredinia appear as minute, hyaline or yellow-orange, blister-like areas. As an uredinium matures, the epidermis and peridium break open irregularly. Remnants of the epidermis and peridium may remain loosely attached. Mature spores are loosely attached to the pedicels. They are easily detached by the development of younger spores pushing distally beneath them,and by plant movements, or wind. The first-formed spores are irregular, angular, because of the surrounding pressure under which they are formed. Additional spores are apparently formed by the spore mother cells by a similar method although the details were not observed clearly. They push between the old pedicels, eventually reaching the exterior surface of the sorus. The later-formed spores are broadly ellipsoid and more regular in shape than the first-formed spores. At maturity, a sorus is composed of an hymenial layer of sporogenous cells subtended by a pseudoparenchymatous region, from which numerous intercellular hyphae extend into the surrounding mesophyll. The intercellular hyphae are shaped and branched irregularly. Arising from the hymenial layer are numerous older pedicels, whose spores have become detached; pedicels with mature spores still attached; and pedicels of varying shorter lengths, with various stages of spore maturity, pushing their way up between the other pedicels and spores. Because the peridium continues its development radially, as the sorus matures, the youngest part of the peridium remains around the circumference of the sorus, while the older part is attached to the broken and recurved epidermis (Hennen et al., 1987). The peridium described here is illustrated clearly in an SEM photo on the cover of the publication cited (Hennen et al., 1987).  See PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini. See under Aecidium for aids to identify anamorph genera of Uredinales. PERIDIPES HYMENAEAE (Mayor)Buritic & Hennen, see CROSSOPSORA HYMENAEAE Dianese, Buritic & Hennen. PHAKOPSORA Dietel, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 13: 333. 1895. TYPE species Phakopsora punctiformis (Barclay & Dietel) Dietel on Galium aparine DeCandolle (Rubiaceae) from India. = Bubakia Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne, p. 338. 1906. Type species: Bubakia crotonis (Burrill) Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 339. 1906. Melampsora crotonis Burrill, Bot. Gaz. 9: 189. 1884. Type: not designated, chosen by Arthur (l.c.): on Croton capitatus Michx. (Euphorbiaceae), USA: Illinois, Oct 1881, A.B. Seymour. PUR. Anamorph: II. Milesia crotonis (Cooke) Buritic and Hennen, Flora neotropica monograph. Trichobasis crotonis Cooke, Grevillea 6(40): 137. 1878.Type: on Croton procumbens Jac. (Euphorbiaceae), USA: California, M. Edwards. = Angiopsora Mains, Mycologia 26: 126. 1934. Type species: Angiopsora lenticularis Mains;

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Mycologia 26: 127. 1934. Type: on Lasiacis ruscifolia (H. B. K.) Hitch. and Chase (Gramineae), Ecuador: Guayaquil, 31 Jul 1920, E.W.D. Holway and M. Holway 801, PUR. Anamorph: II. Physopella lenticularis Cummins and Ramachar, Mycologia 50743. 1958. Type: same as for Angiopsora lenticularis Mains. = Stakmania Kamat and Sathe, in Sathe, Sydowia 20253. 1968. Type species Stakmania indica Kamat and Sathe, in Sathe, l. c.Type: on Glochidion hoheneckeri Bedd. (Euphorbiaceae), India: Maharastra, Mahableshwar, Nov 1965, A.V. Sathe, MACS. Anamorph: II. Milesia glochidii Buritic and Hennen, Flora neotropica monograph. Type: same as for Stakmania indica Kamat and Sathe. Spermogonia in Group VI (Hiratsuka and Hiratsuka, 1980). Anamorphs in the morpholobical genera Aecidium. Caeoma. Malupa. Physopella. Uredendo. Milesia and Uredostilbe. Telia subepidermal in origin, not erumpent, composed of two or several irregular to regular layers of probasidial cells, these firmly united into crust-, disk-, or lens-like units; walls sometimes thickened and pigmented, especially in distal cell layers. Formerly, Physopella was considered as a teleomorph genus and segregated from Phakopsora because many of its species, especially those on grasses, have their teliospores arranged one on top of the other to form regular vertical rows, while in Phakopsora the spores are irregularly arranged. But a number of species in this complex have telia that are intermediate between these two arrangements. This, and the similarity of their anamorphs, are the reasons for combining the two genera. In addition, Ono, Buritic & Hennen (1992) argued that Physopella must now be considered as an anamorph genus name because the type specimen of the type species designated by Arthur is composed only of anamorph (it lacks telia). With the inclusion of Physopella within Phakopsora (Ono, et al., 1992) around 50 speecies have been reported from the New World and 50 from the Old World. This makes Phakopsora, with around 100 species, probably the third or fourth largest genus of rusts (after Puccinia, Uromyces, and Ravenelia). Phakopsora species occur throughout the warmer regions of the world on both monocot and dicot flowering plant host families. Most are probably autoecious but spermogonia and aecia are unknown for most species. Buritic (1999), Cummins (1971), and Ono, Buritic & Hennen (1992), published papers that have been the most help to clarify the taxonomy of the genus Phakopsora in the Neotropics. In Brazil about 30 species have been reported. Phakopsora euvitis Ono on Vitis sp. Phakopsora gossypii (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka on species of Gossypium and P. meibomiae (Arthur) Arthur on various legume genera including Glycine max Merrill are among the species of most economic importance. Phakopsora aeschynomenis (Arthur) Arthur, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur].

 PHAKOPSORA APODA (Hariot & Patouillard) Mains, Mycologia 30: 45. 1938. (?/? IIse/III). ' Puccinia apoda Hariot & Patouillard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 15: 199. 1909. TYPE on Pennisetum setosum Richard (Gramineae) from Chad (French Congo), Chairi, Fort Lamy, Oct 1903. A. Chevalier-s.n. Anamorph Physopella apoda Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. (Medelln) 5(2): 179. 1994. TYPE the same as for Puccinia apoda Hariot & Patouillard. On Gramineae: Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov., Minas Gerais (IBI-14936), Rio de Janeiro (IBI13207), So Paulo (IBI-12179). Phakopsora apoda has been reported from several countries in Africa and more recently from India, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and Ecuador, Colombia, and Costa Rica. The rust is probably spreading with the movement of its cultivted host, kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered, yellowish, covered at first by the epidermis, opening by a pore, later opening widely, ruptured epidermis evident; paraphyses peripheral, conspicuous, 40-60 x 8-10 m, curved, united at the base, walls 0.5-1 m on one side, with dorsally and apically thickend walls 5-7 m, anamorph spores without pedicels, 24-30 x 18-23 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall more or less evenly 1.5-1 m thick, yellowish, with numerous and small echinulae, germ pores obscure, probably few scattered. Telia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side, around the

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anamorph sori, often coalescing, black, crust-like, flat, growth indeterminate, the hymenium of the telia concave at first becoming flattened, spores in 2-4 layers, teliospores 16-32 x 14-20 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, distal walls in spores in outer layer 2-5 m thick (Buritic, 1999). Phakopsora argentinensis (Spegazzini) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 508. 1917. (?/?,IIse/III). Buritic (1999) reported that this species has been reported only from Argentina. Previous reports of this species in Brazil are based on other species. ' Melampsora argentinensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 47: 266. 1899. TYPE on Croton hirtus LHeritier from Argentina, Crdoba, 15 Apr 1899, T. Stuckert s.n. ' Schroeteriaster argentinensis (Spegazzini) P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 3: 401. 1914. ' Bubakia argentinensis (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 13: 465. 1931. Anamorph Milesia crotonicola (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 293. 1999. ' Uredo crotonicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 251. 1896. ' Phakopsora crotonicola (P. Hennings) Kern, Thurston & Whetzel in Chardon & Toro, Monogr. Univ. Puerto Rico Ser. B., 2: 271. 1934. Telia not described. On Euphorbiaceae: The citations listed below were reported mistakenly as Phakopsora agentinensis. Croton chaetophorus Mueller-Arg., So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 465; PUR-1222). Croton compressus Lamarck, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 294). Croton hirsutus LHeritier, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 465). Croton sp., Minas Gerais (Hennings, 1895A: 99), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 1; IAC-3802, -3803). PHAKOPSORA ARRABIDAEAE Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 302. TYPE on Arrabidaea selloi (Sprengl) Sandwith, from Brazil, So Paulo: Santana de Parnaiba, 6 July 1978, M. B. Figueiredo-78-33; IBI-13794. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Physopella cerotelioides (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 302. 1999. ' Uredo cerotelioides H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 94. 1932. TYPE on Bignoniaceae, genus undetermined, probably Arrabidaea sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Guarulhos, 1 June 1922, E. W. D. Holway & M. M. Holway-1927. On Bignoniaceae Arrabidaea sellowi (Sprengl) Sandwith, So Paulo (IBI-13794, Buritic, 1999). Phakopsora arrabidaeae has been reported only from So Paulo state, Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, whitish to yellowish, scattered or in groups, on large spots, subepidermal in origin, hymenium flat, opening by a central pore, paraphyses peripheral and intra soral, 22-30 x 5-10 m, clavate, septate, curved, capitate; wall 1-5 m thick apically, sometimes verrucose; urediniospores sessile, 22-24 x 16-20 m, ellipsoid, ovoid; wall 0.5-1.0 m thick, yellowish to cinnamon-brown, finely and abundantly echinulate, germ pores obscure. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, around the uredinia, waxy, ambar-colored, indeterminate in growth; teliospores 16-22 x 11-13 m, rectangular, cuboid, elipsoid, irregularly arranged; wall uniformly 0.5-1.0 m thick, yellowish (Buritic, 1999). Amphispores with smooth walls and 1-2 germ pores were reported in some collections. Spermogoniis adhuc ignotis. Soris anamorphis hypophyllis, albidis vel flavidis, aggregais vel dispersis en maculo grandis primo tectis, tandem poro centrali apertis, subepidermalibus; hymenio subepidermal, applanato; paraphysibus peripheribus et in hymenio liberis, curvatis, capitatis, elevatis, septatis 22-30 x 5-10 m; parieti flavido, apice 1.0-1.5 m crasso. subtiliter et aequaliter aculeato; poris germinationis obscuris. Soris teleutosporiferis sparsis circa soros anamorphis, hypophyllis, ceraceis, brunneis, indeterminatis, subepidermalibus, hymenio applanato vel leniter curvatis; teliosporos irregulariter dispositis in 2-4 stratis laxis. rectangularibus, ellipsoideis, 16-22 x 11-13 m, flavidis; constanter parieti flavido, constanter 0.5-1.0 m crasso.

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PHAKOPSORA ARTHURIANA Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. F(Medellin) 5 (2): 180. 1994. Nom. nov. for Phakopsora jatrophicola Cummins. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Phakopsora jatrophicola Cummins, Mycologia 48: 604. 1956. TYPE on Jatropha canescens Mueller from Mexico, Baja California: Laguna Mountains, east of Todos los Santos, M. E. Jones-24531. See below for explanation for nom. nov. Anamorph Malupa jatrophicola (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. (Medellin) 5 (2): 180. 1994. ' Uredo jatrophicola Arthur, Mycologia 7: 331. 1915. TYPE on Jatropha curcas Linnaeus from Puerto Rico, Hormigueros, 14 Jan 1914, F. L. Stevens-220. On Euphorbiaceae: Jatropha canescens Mueller-Arg., Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 225). Jatropha curcas L., Amap (IBI-16103), Maranho (IBI-17113), Par (IBI-16059), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 7; IAC-699; IBI-18774). Jatropha gossypifolia L. Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-522). Jatropha pohliana Mueller-Arg., Pernambuco (IBI-15521). Jatropha sp., Maranho (IBI-17098). Phakopsora arthuriana has been reported from southern Texas in the United States of America to Brazil including the Antilles. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo hipfilo. raramente epifilo, en grupos en manchas delimitadas por las nervaduras, amarillento, redondo. abierto por un poro, subepidermal; himenio intraepidermal, cncavo; parafisos periferales cubriendo los esporos, levantados por tejido hifoide, los superiores proyectandose hacia afuera del hospedante, curvos, cilindricos clavados, aseptados 20-50 x 9-12 m; pared de incolora a amarillenta, 1 m de gruesa, 3-7 m engrosada dorsalmente y en el pice; parafisos en el himenio del mismo tipo; esporos sesiles, de obovoides a elipsoides, 24-29 x 16-20 m; pared de incolora a carmelita, 0.5 m de gruesa, uniforme. con abundantes y pequeas espinas; poros germinativos imperceptibles. Teliosoro hipfilo, alrededor del anamrfo, inicialmente ambar, luego carmelita, costriforme, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescentes, 6-12 capas de esporos, cubiertos por la epidermis; himenio intraepidermal, c6ncavo; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, libres, de cuboides a oblongos, 13-27 x 7-13 m; pared carmelita, 1 m de gruesa, 1-3 m engrosada en el pice de los esporos superiores. The anamorph is found frequently on plants of Jatropha sp. that are cultivated in home gardens for their medicinal qualities. Buritic (1994) published a new name for this species because the combination Phakopsora jatrophicola (Arthur ) Cummins, published in 1937, technically refers only to an anamorph. Cummins (1937) published the combination as a transfer of an anamorph name, Uredo jatrophicola Arthur, to a teleomorph genus, Phakopsora. At that time Cummins did published a description of telia in English, but not in Latin as required by the Code. Later, Cummins (1956) published Phakopsora jatrophicola Cummins as a new species with Latin, but since the combination Phakopsora jatrophicola had been preocupied, it could not be used as a name for a new species. Phakopsora arthuriana Phakopsora jatrophicola Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia hypophyllous, occasionally epiphyllous, in small groups on leaf spots framed by leaf veins, yellowish, circular, subepidermal, opening by a pore; surrounded by numerous incurved, cylindrical, clavate, not septate paraphyses, 20 - 50 x 9 - 12 m, that project outside the host, and that have colorless to yellowish walls, 1 m thick on the inner side and 3 - 7 m thick on the outer side and at the apex, the paraphyses surmount a peripheral, basal, hyphoid tissue that is raised somewhat above the base of the sorus, some paraphyses my develop with the sorus, not from the periphery; urediniospores, ellipsoid, to obovoid, 24 - 29 x 16 - 20 m, appear sessile; wall colorless to brownish, uniformly 0.5 - 1 m thick, closely and finely echinulate; germ pores obscure. Telia 22 - 28 x 16 - 19 m; wall hyaline, uniformly 1 - 1.5 m thick, densely and miutely echinulate but with somewhat larger spines below, germ pores obscure, probably 2, more or less equatorial. Telia hypophyllous, suberpidermal in origin, closely around the uredinia, yellowish to brownish, waxy, dome-shaped, determinate in growth, coalescent, 5 - 7 spore layers deep, early covered by the epidermis, later erumpent; teliospores irregularly arranged, cuboid, ellipsoid to polygonal, 12 - 20 x 8 - 12 m wall yellowish, uniformly 1 - 2 m thick but distal wall of distal spores 3 - 5 m thick.

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Phakopsora aeschynomenis (Arthur) Arthur, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur]. PHAKOPSORA BAUHINIICOLA Ono, Buritic & Hennen, Mycol. Res. 96(10): 828. 1992. TYPE on ?Bauhinia smilacina Steud. from Brazil, So Paulo, 22 Aug 1975, Hennen & Figueiredo-75-69. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph. Milesia bauhiniicola Ono, Buritic & Hennen, Mycol. Res. 96(10): 828. 1992. TYPE same as for P. bauhniicola listed above. On Leguminosae ?Bauhinia smilacina (Schott) Steudel, So Paulo (Ono et al., 1992; Butitic, 1999). Phakopsora bauhiniicola has been reported from the type locality region. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on roundish leaf spots on both sides of leaves, in groups or circles, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, opening at first by a pore, later open widely, powdery, paraphyses peripheral and in hymenium, 25-35 x 4-6 m, cylindrical, wall evenly thin and colorless; urediniospores sessile, 22-28 x 16-20 m, obovoid to ellipsoid, wall evenly ca 0.5-1 m thick, evenly abundantly, and finely echinulate, germ pores obscure, probably 6, more or less equatorial or scattered Telia usually around the anamorph sori on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, often confluent, in flat to lenticular brown crusts, teliospores 18-28 x 10-14 m, angularly oblong to ellipsoid, irregularly arranged in more or less 3-5 layers, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, distal walls of spores in upper layer 2-3(-5) m thick. The identification of the host of Phakopsora bauhiniicola requires confirmation, it is probably Dioscorea sp., Dioscoreaceae, not Bauhinia, Leguminosae. See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. Especimenes estudiados: sobre Leguminoseae, Bauhinia smilacina Steudel, BRASIL: Sao Paulo, Arboleda Natural alrededor del Jardin Botanico, 22 Ago. 1975, Hennen & Figueiredo 75-69 (Tipo); 75127. Sobre Bauhinia .sp., BRASIL: Sao Paulo, cerca Atibaia, I 1 Jun. PHAKOPSORA BUTLERI Dianese, Santos & Medeiros in Dianese et al., Fitopatol. Bras. 18: 438. 1993. TYPE on Kielmeyera coriacea Martius from Brazil, Federal District: Brasilia, 30 Aug 1992, Dianese s.n. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Milesia brasiliae Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 300. 1999. TYPE same as for the teleomorph. On Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) Kielmeyera coriacea Martius & Zuccarini, Federal District (IBI-1246; -12669), Minas Gerais (IBI-15824; -15836; 15845), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-16722;IBI-16754, good III). [Distrito Federal, Parque Nacional Aguas Emendadas, NE de Brasilia, 4 Ago. 1976; J. F. Hennen, Y, Ono & E. E Heringer 76 - 486; IBI-12669]. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamorfo anfigineo, amarillento, solitarios o en pequeos grupos, subepidermal en origen, posteriormente erumpente; himenio subepidermal, plano; peridio hifoide; parafisos en el himenio libres, hialinos, de cilndricos a clavados. 30-40 x 8-12 m; pared hialina, delgada, ocasionalmente engrosada 3 m dorsalmente y en el pice, con pocas verrugas; esporas ssiles de incoloras a amarillentas, asymetrically pyriforme (de obovoides a elipsoides), 24-30 x 20-24 m; pared de incolora a amarillenta, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequeas espinas; poros germinativos imperceptibles, 4-6 supraecuatoriales [pores 4-6(-7), more or less equatorial, in chloral hydrate]. Teliosoro anfigineo, principalmente epifilo, dispersos o alrededor del anamrfo, ambar, cerosos, lenticular, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescentes, 5-7 capas de esporas, profundas; himenio subepidermal, plano, teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, amarillentos, cuboides, oblongos, elipsoides, 20-25 x 12-14 m; pared amarillenta, 2-4 m de gruesa, irregularmente engrosada, en los angulos y en el pice de las esporas superiores (Dianese et al., 1993; Buritic, 1999). Our specimens had anamorph spores mostly pyriform with up to 7 equatorial germ pores, as revealed when mounted in chloral hydrate. Neither Dianese et al. (1993) nor Buritica (1999) reported this.

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PHAKOPSORA CAMELIAE (Arthur) Buritic in Buritic & Pardo-Cardona, Rev. Acad. Columbiana Cienc. 20 (77): 205. 1996. (?/? IIse,III). ' Puccinia cameliae Arthur, Mycologia 7: 227. 1915. TYPE on Setaria scandens (Jacquin) Schrader from Colombia, Antioquia, Cafetal La Camelia near Angelopolis, 30 Aug 1910, Mayor-275. Arthur described telia from the type specimen of Uredo cameliae Mayor which Mayor had overlooked. ' Angiopsora cameliae (Arthur) Mains [ published as (Mayor) Mains but Mains also cited Puccinia cameliae Arthur], Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts. & Let. 22: 154. 1937. Anamorph Physopella cameliae (Mayor) Cummins & Ramachar, Mycologia 50: 742. 1958. (Physopella is an anamorph genus). Uredo cameliae Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 578. 1913. TYPE same as for Puccinia cameliae Arthur. Mayor did not describe telia. On Gramineae: Panicum sp., Brazil (Cummins, 1971: 61). Setaria scandens Schrad., Minas Geraes (Thurston, 1940: 297). Setaria sp., Brazil (Cummins, 1971: 61), So Paulo (PUR-F4947). Phakopsora cameliae has been reported also from Colombia, Trinidad, Jamaca, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and The United States of America. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo anfigineo, dispersos en grupos a to largo de las nervaduras, amarillento, ruptura de la epidermis evidente, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, levemente cncavo; parafisos periferales y en el himenio, libres 2-3 unidos en la base, hialinos, de clavados a cilindricos, 25-35 x 8-14 m: pared delgada, ocasionalmente engrosada en el apice; esporos ssiles, de incoloros a amarillentos, de obovoides a elipsoides, 20-27 x 15-18 m; pared 0.5-1 m de gruesa, uniforme, de incolora a amarillenta, con abundantes y pequenas espinas; poros germinativos 7-9, dispersos. Teliosoro anfigineo, de carmelita a negruzco, dispersos, puntiformes, crecimiento determinado, coalescentes, 23 capas de esporos, cubiertos par la epidermis; himenio subepidermal, esfrico; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, libres, de cuboides a oblongos, 20-25 x 10-18 m; pared de amarillenta a carmelita, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, 3-5 m engrosada en el pice de los esporos del estremo superior. PHAKOPSORA CHAVESII Dianese, Santos & Medeiros in Dianese et al., Fitopatol. Bras. 18: 140. 1993. TYPE on Terminalia phaeocarpa from Brazil, Federal District: Brasilia, 2 May 1993, Dianese-3850. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Uredo byrsonimatis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 98. 1895. TYPE on Terminalia argentia (mistakenly published as Byrsonima sp.) from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Uberaba, July 1892, Ule-1902. Uredo terminaliae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 321. 1895. An unnecessary new name for Uredo byrsonimatis P. Hennings. = Uredo batistae Lindquist, Revista Fac. Agron. (La Plata) 47: 305. 1971. TYPE on Terminalia argentia Martius from Brazil, Minas Gerais, location and date not published, Herringer-s.n. = Milesia lindquistii Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 302. 1999. TYPE on Terminalia sp. from Brazil, Mato Grosso: 25 km S. W. of Chapada do Guimares, 21 July 1988, J. F. Hennen & R. M. Lpez-Franco-88-617. On Combretaceae Terminalia argentea Martius, Gois (Buritic, 1999: 302; Dianese et al., 1993: 440), Minas Gerais (Hennings, 1895: 98; 1895A: 321; Lindquist, 1971: 305).. Terminalia hylobates Eichler, Minas Gerais (published as Uredo terminaliae, Thurston, 1940: 306). Terminalia phaeocarpa, Federal District (Dianese et al., 1993: 440). Terminalia sp., Gois (IBI-16689); Mato Grosso (type of Milesia lindquistii, Buritic, 1999: 302, IBI-16739; 16740; 16745); Minas Gerais (IBI-15358, IBI-15866; 15964;16402, 16344; 16379; ).

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Phakopsora chavesii has been reported only from Brazil. Espermogonio desconocido. Soro anamrfico principalmente hipfilo, en pequeos grupos o poco aislados, redondo, amarillento. inicialmente abierto por un poro, posteriormente erumpente; himenio subepidermal, plano; peridio hifoideo; parafisos libres en el himenio, hialinos, de cilindricos a clavados, 1418 x 10-12 m, pared hialina, delgada; esporos sesiles, de palidos a amarillentos, de elipsoides a angularmente elipsoides, 20-24 x 17-21 m; pared de hialina a amarillenta, 1.0-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequehas espinas: poros germinativos imperceptibles, +/- 2-3 dispersos hacia los angulos. Teliosoro anftgineo, principalmente hip6filo, alrededor del anam6rfo, de amarillento a carmelita, ceroso, lenticular, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescentes; himenio subepidermal, plano; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados. 3-4 en capas, rectangulares, oblongos, elipsoides, 15-17 x 8-10 m; pared amarillenta, 1.5-2.5 m de gruesa, uniforme (Buritic, 1999). PHAKOPSORA CHEOANA Cummins, Mycologia 42: 784. 1950. TYPE on Cedrela sinensis Jussieu from China, Kweichow, Chiang K'ou Hsien, Fan Ching Shan, 27 Oct 1931, S. Y. Cheo-789. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Malupa cheoana Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 287. 1999. TYPE same as for PHAKOPSORA CHEOANA. On Meliaceae Cedrela sp., So Paulo (IBI-14275). Phakopsora cheoana may have been introduced into Brazil from Asia. Only the anamorph has been found in Brazil. The only specimens are from Horto Florestal at Mogi-Mirim, and from a location near Piracicaba, So Paulo. There are no other reports of this rust from the Americas. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo hipfilo, disperso en pequeos grupos, amarillento, abierto por un poro, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, levemente cncavo; parafisos periferales levantados por tejido hifoide, parafisos libres en el himenio, clavados, clavado-capitados, 20-35 x 7-10 m; pared amarillenta, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, 3-6 m engrosada en el pice; esporos ssiles, de incoloros a amarillentos, elipsoides, 22-26 x 15-18 m; pared incolora, 1.5-2 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequehas espinas; poros germinativos imperceptibles. Teliosoro hipfilo, alrededor del anamrfo aislados, costriforme, plano, ceroso, de amarillento a carmelita, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescentes, 3-4 capas de esporos, cubiertos por la epidermis; himenio subepidermal, plano; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, basales hialinos, superiores carmelitas, de cuboides a elipsoides, 10-23 x 6-10 m, pared hialina en esporos inferiores, amarillenta en los superiores, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme (Cummins, 1950: 784). Phakopsora cherimoloiae Cummins, see PHAKOPSORA NEOCHERIMOLIAE Buritic & Hennen. PHAKOPSORA COCA Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. I.C.N.E. (Medelln) 5(2): 177. 1994. TYPE on Erythroxylum engleri Schultz from Brazil, Gois: 196 km S of Goiania near Itumbiara, 16 Jul 1979, J. F. & M.M. Hennen-79-186. (?/?,II(p)e/III). Anamorph Milesia erythroxyli (Graziani) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic , Rev. I.C.N.E. (Medelln) 5(2): 177: 1994. ' Uredo erythroxylonis Graziani, Bull Soc. Mycol. France 7: 152. 1891. TYPE not designated, collections reported on Erythroxylum coca Lamarck from Bolivia and Peru from which a LECTOTYPE may be chosen. On Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum campestre Saint-Hilaire, So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum citrifolium Saint-Hilaire, Minas Gerais (79-74/IBI , Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum daphnites Martius, Minas Gerais (77-166/IBI, Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum decidium Saint-Hilaire, So Paulo (82-146/IBI, Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum engleri Schultz, Federal District (76-261/IBI ), Gois (79-186/IBI, Buritic, 1999: 286), Minas Gerais (79-66/IBI, Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyritisch, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 305), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 256; Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum pelleterianum Saint-Hilaire, Minas Gerais (Thurston,1940: 305), So Paulo (79-

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212/IBI, Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum suberosum Saint-Hilaire, So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum tortuosum Martius, Federal District (77-221/IBI, ), Minas Gerais (79-200/IBI,, Buritic, 1999: 286). Erythroxylum sp., Federal District (PUR-F18933), Gois (PUR-F18987), Minas Gerais (Hennings, 1895A: 99), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 256). Erythroxylum vaccinifolium Martius, Federal District (76-281/IBI, Buritic, 1999: 286). Phakopsora coca has also been reported from Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Islands, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo hipfilo, carmelita, dispersos en pequeos grupos, inicialmente abiertos por un poro, posteriormente completamente abiertos, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, plano; peridio hifoide (evidente en estados tempranos); parafisos en el himenio, hialinos, de globosos a cilndricos, 15-25 x 7-9 m, esporos en pseudopedicelos (celulas disyuntoras) cortos, carmelitas, esporos inmaduros incoloros de la mitad hacia abajo. de angularmente obovoides a elipsoides, 22-30 x 16-20 m; pared carmelita, 0.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequenas espinas; poros germinativos 24, ecuatoriales en los ngulos. Teliosoro hipfilo, alrededor del anam6rfo, redondo. lenticular, de amarillento a carmelita, 3-5 capas de esporos, crecimiento determinado, cubierto por la epidermis; himenio subepidermal, plano; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, hacia la base incoloros, hacia arriba amarillentos, de rectangulares a elipsoides, 18-25 x 7-10 m; pared amarillenta, 1 m de gruesa, irregular, 35 m engrosada en el pice de los esporos del extremo superior (Buritic, 1999). Erythroxylum coca Lamarck and at least 12 other species of Erythroxylum have been listed as hosts. Buritic ( 1999) suggested that P. coca might be considered as a biological control agent for the notorious cultivated coca plant. Phakopsora erythroxylonis (Cummins) Kern, known only from islands in the Caribbean, also infects species of Erythroxylum. See Maravalia erythroxyli for a comparison of traits of the three rust species known on Erythroxylum spp. in Latin America. PHAKOPSORA COLUBRINAE Vigas, Bragantia 19:CIII (103). 1960. TYPE on Colubrina ruffa Reisseck from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Agua Limpa, Experimental Station, 23 June 1946, E. P. Herringer-458. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Malupa colubrinae (Cummins) Buritic & Hennen, in Buritic, Rev. Acad Colombia Cienc. 23: 296. 1999. ' Uredo colubrinae Cummins. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 79. 1943. TYPE on Colubrina ferrruginosa Brongniart from Guatemala, Quetzaltenango, 20 Feb 1941, Standley-87894. = Uredo hoveniae Lindquist & Costa Neto. Rev. Fac. Agronomia, La Plata 43: 61. 1967. TYPE on Hovenia dulcis Thunberg from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Taquari, 9 July 1948, Costa Neto s. n. On Rhamnaceae Colubrina rufa Reiss, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1960:CIII), So Paulo (IBI-16174). Hovenia dulcis Thunberg, Minas Gerais (IBI-15817), So Paulo (IBI-14086). Phakopsora colubrinae has been reported also from Guatemala. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia in groups on abaxial side of leaves on well defined spots, supepidermal in origin, hymenium slightly concave, erumpent by a pore, peridium surmounted by short paraphyses, hymenial paraphyses 30-50 x 6-9 m, cylindrical, wall uniformly thin, or occasionally 1-3 m thick at apex; urediniospores 18-28 x 15-18 m, obovoid, to ellipsoid, sessile, wall uniformly 1.5-1 m thick, yellow to pale brownish-yellow, echinulae small, abundant, pores obscure, probably 4-6, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves around the uredinia, subepidermal, lenticular, with 5-7 irregular layers of teliospores, teliospores 10-18 x 6-10 m, cuboid to ellipsoid, walls of spores 1-1.5 m thick, apical walls of distal spores 2-4 m thick, cinnamon-brown, walls of proximal spores colorless (Buritic, 1999).. Phakopsora colubrinae is very similar to Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris, which infects Zizyphus vulgaris, Rhamnaceae, a host species that is cultivated for its edible fruit. Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris is widespread in Asia from Pakistan, India, China and Taiwan. It has also been reported in Florida in the United States of America and was probably introduced into Brazil along with its cultivated host. The uredinia of

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both rust species have similar intrasoral paraphyes and a peripheral basal peridium surmounted with numerous incurved short paraphyses-like cells. Hovenia dulcis was introduced into Brazil from Asia as a cultivated species. After it was introduced, it seems to have been infected by Phakopsora colubrinae, a native neotropical rust on Colubrina spp. PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Arthur Holway) Buritic & Hennen, in Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. & (Medelln) 5(2): 179. 1994. (?/? IIse/III). ' Puccinia compressa Arthur & Holway in Arthur, Proc. American Phil. Soc. 64: 257. 1925. TYPE on Paspalum elongatum Grisebach from Bolivia, Cochabamba, 26 Feb 1920, Holway-331. Not Puccinia compressa Dietel, 1906. ' $ngiopsora compressa (Arthur & Holway) Mains, Mycologia 26: 29. 1934. [ Physopella compressa (Arthur & Holway) Cummins & Ramachar, Mycologia 50: 742. 1958. Physopella is an anamorph genus, not a teleomorph genus. See below under Anamorph. ]. Anamorph Physopella paspalicola (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, in Buritic Rev. I. C. N. E. (Medelln) 5(2): 179: 1994. ' Uredo paspalicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 44: 57. 1905. TYPE on Paspalum conjugatum Berg from Peru, Yurimaguas, Rio Huallaga, August 1902, E Ule3175. Puccinia paspalicola (P. Hennings) Arthur, Manual Rusts U.S. & Canada. Purdue Res. Found. 438 p. (p. 127), 1934. Telia not described. Ramachar & Cummins (1965) attribute the name to Arthur alone as Puccinia paspalicola Arthur but they nor Arthur did not make any specific reference to type material with telia. The type of this combination is that of Uredo paspalicola, so it must be considered as an epithet placed in an inappropriate (teleomorph) genus. = Uredo stevensiana Arthur, Mycologia 7: 360. 1915. TYPE on Paspalum humbodltianum Fluegge from Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca, 28 September 1899, Holway 3510. = Physopella compressa (Arthur & Holway) Cummins & Ramachar, Mycologia 50: 742. 1958. The type of this combination is the same as that of Puccinia compressa, a teleomorph genus. Physopella is an anamorph genus, therefore this is a case of a teleomorph epithet being placed in an anamorph genus, which is not allowed by the Code. On Gramineae Paspalum conjugatum Berg , Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F4898). Paspalum distichophyllum H.B.K., So Paulo, (PUR-F4841). Paspalum plicatulum Michaux, So Paulo (IAC-2678). Paspalum sp., So Paulo (Cummins, 1971: 63; IBI-12249). Phakopsora compressa as a relatively common rust on Paspalum spp.and Axonopus spp. from Northern Argentina to the Southern United States of America. Espermogonio desconocido. Anam6rfo anfigneo, principalmente hip6filo, amarillento, dispersos, ruptura de la epidermis evidente, himenio subepidermal, levemente plano; parafisos periferales abundantes, unidos en la base, curvados, 26-50 x 8-14 um; pared incolora, 3-7 m engrosada dorsalmente y ocasionalmente en el apice; esporos sesiles, incoloros, de obovoides a elipsoides, 20-27 x 15-19 um; pared incolora, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequenas espinas; poros germinativos imperceptibles, mas o menos 6-9, dispersos. Teliosoro principalmente hip6filo, dispersos, alargados, de carmelitas a negruzcos, cupulados, crecimiento indeterminado en sentido longitudinal, coalescentes, 1-3 capas de esporos, cubiertos por la epidermis; himenio subepidemal, plano; teliosporos mas 6 menos uno debajo del otro, carmelitas, oblongos, cuboides 6 elipsoides, 20-32 x 12-14 um; pared carmelita, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, 3-5 pm engrosada en el apice de los esporos del extremo superior. When fresh, the uredinial sori are bright yellow (Buritic, 1999). The Sydows (1923) mistakenly placed Uredo paspalicola with what is now Puccinia substriata (= Physopella compressa Cummins & Ramachar, Mycologia 50: 742. 1958).

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Phakopsora crotalariae Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE Arthur. Phakopsora crotonicola (P. Hennings) Kern, Thurston & Whetzel, see PHAKOPSORA ARGENTINENSIS (Spegazzini) Arthur. Phakopsora crotonis (Burrill) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 508. 1917. (0/Ise,IIse/III). ' Melampsora crotonis Burrill, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 9: 189. 1884. TYPE on Croton capitatus Mixhaux from The United States of America, Illinois, place and date not available, A. B. Seymours.n. (Lectotype). ' Bubakia crotonis (Burrill) Arthur, Res. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne, p. 339. 1906.

Anamorph

Milesia crotonis (Cooke) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 294. 1999. Trichobasis crotonis Cooke, Grevillea 6: 137. 1878. TYPE on Croton procumbens Jacquin from The United States of America, California, place and date not available, M. Edwards s.n. The following reports of Phakopsora crotonis from Brazil are a result of missidentifications. Buritic (1999) records Phakopsora crotonis only from Central and North America, and the Antilles. On Euphorbiaceae: Croton sp., Rio Grande do Norte (Vigas, 1945: 2; IAC-2671, -2917). Julocroton fuscescens Baill., Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 2; IAC-3670). PHAKOPSORA CUPHEAE Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 19: 464-465. 1995(?3). TYPE on Cuphea sp. from Ecuador, Pichinchia: highway Toachi-Paloquemado, 19 July 1975, K. Dumont, S. Carpenter, P. Buritic 75-057E. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Milesia cupheae (P. Hennings) Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 19: 464-465. 1995. ' Uredo cupheae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 99. 1895. TYPE on Cuphea sp. from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Jan 1893, Ule-2001. On Lythraceae Cuphea micrantha Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Piau (Hennings, 1896: 248). Cuphea sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895: 99), Minas Gerais (Thurston,1940: 305). The anamorph of Phakopsora cupheae has been reported also from Argentina, Ecuador, Colombia, Puerto Rico, and The Dominican Republic. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamorfo anfigineo, principalmente hipfilo, en grupos en manchas bien definidas, carmelitas, abiertos por un poro; himenio subepidermal, levemente cncavo; peridio hifoide; parafisos en el himenio, cilindricos, libres, 20-30 x 6-8 m; pared hialina, ocasionalmente 2-4 m de gruesa en el pice; esporos ssiles, carmelitas en la mitad superior, amarillentos en la mitad inferior, subglobosos, de oblongos a elipsoides. 18-24 x 14-21 m; pared de incolora a amarillenta, 0.5-1.0 m de gruesa. uniforme, densamente equinulada: poros germinativos 2-3, supraecuatoriales. Teliosoros hipfilo, dispersos o alrededor del anamrfo, de carmelita a negruzco. lenticular. crecimiento indeterminado, coalescemtes, 2 - 3 capas de esporas, piano; teliosporos irregularmentte arreglados, carmelitas, oblongos, de obovoides a elipsoides, 18-27 x 9-16 m; pared amarillenta, mas oscura hacia el pice,1-2 m de grueso, 3-5 m engrosada en el pice de los esporos del extremo superior. Phakopsora desmium (Arthur) Cummins, see PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka. Phakopsora erythroxyli (Cummins) Kern in Stevenson, Fungi of Puerto Rico. Contr. Reed Herb., p. 267. 1978. (as erythroxylonis). (?/?,IIse/III). ' Bubakia erythroxylonis (sic) Cummins, Mycologia 48: 601. 1956. TYPE on Erythroxylon havanense Jacquin from Cuba, Isle of Pines, Cerros de Vivijuaga , 28-29 Feb. 1916, N. L. Britton, E. G. Britton & P. Wilson-15023. Anamorph Milesia erythroxyli-antillanae Buritic & Hennen. TYPE same as for the teleomorph. Buritic (1999) records this species only from the Antilles. The specimens reported under this name in the first edition of this Index are now placed with Phakopsora coca Buritic & Hennen.

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Phakopsora erythroxylonis (Cummins) Kern, see Phakopsora erythroxyli (Cummins) Kern. Phakopsora fenestrala (Arthur) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 508. 1917. (?/?,II/III). Buritic (1999) reported this species only from the Antilles. The records from Brazil [on Phyllanthus grandifolius Linnaeus, Rio Acre, Brazil (Sydow, 1916: 70). Phyllanthus sp., Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1956: 486)] belong to PHAKOPSORA ULEI Buritic & Hennen. PHAKOPSORA EUVITIS Ono, Mycologia 92: 160. 2000. TYPE on Vitis labrusca L. x V. vinifera L. cv. Kyoho from Japan, Ibaraki: Hitachiota, 3 Nov 1991, Y. Ono2633. (0/Icv IIpeIII). Synanamorphs Aecial anamorph (unknown in Brazil) Aecidium meliosmae-myrianthae P. Hennings & Shirai in Hennings, Bot. Jahrb. 28: 264. 1900. TYPE on Meliosma myrianthae Sieboldt & Zuccarini, Meliosmaceae, from Japan: Nikko: June 1895 & July 1897, M. Shirai-s.n. Uredinial anamorph Physopella vitis (Thuemen) Arthur, Result. Sci. Bot. Congr. Wien. 1905: 338. 1906.. Uredo vitis Thuemen, Die Pilze das Weinstokes. p. 182. 1878. TYPE on Vitis vinifera L. from The United States of America, South Carolina: Aiken, 1868. H. W. Ravenels.n. = Uredo vialae Lagerheim, Comp. Rendu Acad. Sci. 110: 729. 1890. TYPE on Vitis vinifera from Jamaica: between Kingston and Rockfort, Oct 1889, Lagerheim. .Physopella vialae (Lagerheim) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Inst. Sci. Nac. Colombia Ecol 5: 181. 1994. On Vitaceae Vitis labrusca L. X V. vinifera L., Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-), So Paulo (IBI-). Phakopsora euvitis has been reported as widespread in Asia (Ono, 2000), and has also been found recently in Northern Austrailia. Spermogonia and aecia on Meliosma in Asia. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, minute, scattered or in small groups, often numerous, subepidermal in origin, erumpent; paraphyses numerous, peripheral, 30-75 m long, cylindrical to weakly incurved, wall evenly thin to dorsally thickened (1.5-4 m). Urediniospores 15-29 x 10-18 m, obovoid, obovoid-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall ca 1.5 m thick, echinulate, pores 6 scattered or rarely 4 equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal crustose, not erumpent, brown to blackish brown, often confluent; teliospores more or less regularly arranged in 3-5 layers, 13-32 x 7-13 m, oblong to oblong ellipsoid, wall thin, pale brown at the top layer of spores. Basidiospores 8-11 x 5-8 m, reniform (Ono, 2000). Perhaps the most common rust on Vitis in the United States of America, the West Indies and Northern South America is also Phakopsora euvitis, although before recent papers published by Buritic (1999) and Ono (2000), most collections of rusts on Vitis in the New World were identified as either Physopella. vitis, Phakopsora vitis, or Physopella ampelopsidis. At least one other rust, Phakopsora uva Buritic & Hennen, which is easily identified by its paraphyses and anamorph soral structure, has been reported from the Neotropics but not yet from Brazil.. PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) N. Hiratsuka f., Uredinological Studies, KasiaPubl. Co., Tokyo, p. 226. Oct. 1955. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Doassansia gossypii Lagerheim, J. Mycol. 7: 49. 1891. TYPE on Gossypium sp. (Malvaceae) from Ecuador, Los Rios, Balsapamba, Dec 1890, G. Lagerheim s.n. Bonner (1968) determined that Doassansia gossypii Lagerheim was based on a rust, not a smut. He suggested that the name and citation of this Phakopsora should be as shown above even though N. Hiratsuka (1955) reported the name as Phakopsora gossypii (Arthur) N. Hiratsuka f. ' Chrysomyxa gossypii (Lagerheim) Setchell, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 19: 187. 1894. = Kuehneola gossypii Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 187. 1912. TYPE on Gossypium acuminatum Roxburgh from Cuba, Santiago, March, 1903, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle 159. ' Cerotelium gossypii (Arthur) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 510. 1917. Basionym is

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Kuehneola gossypii Arthur.

Kuehneola gossypii Arthur. = Phakopsora gossypii Dale, Common. Mycol. Inst. Mycol. Paper 60: 4. Dec. 1955. Anamorph on Malvaceae Malupa desmium (Berkeley & Broome) Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. 5: 175. 1994. ' Aecidium desmium Berkeley & Broome, Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 95. 1875. TYPE on Gossypium sp. from Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Peradeniya, Jan 1868, collected by ? Thwaites s.n. ' Uredo desmium (Berkeley & Broom) Petch, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5(4): 247. 1912. ' Kuehneola desmium (Berkeley & Curtis) Butler, Fungi and Diseases of Plants, p. 363. 1918. ' Cerotelium desmium (Berkeley & Broome) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 698. 1925. Arthur specifically transferred an anamorph name whose type was not teleomorphic to a teleomorph genus. Arthurs name must be considered as a nomenclatural synonym of the original anamorph. Arthurs description of telia is from a specimen from Cuba but has no standing in formal nomenclature. ' Phakopsora desmium (Berkeley & Broome) Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 2: 206. 1945. Cummins regarded the basionym as the anamorph, Aecidium desmium Berkeley & Broom, but mistakenly considered the type as the Underwood & Earle 159 specimen from Cuba which was the source of the telial description for Kuehneola gossypii Arthur. Cummins combination must be considered as a nomenclatural synonym of Aecidium desmium. = Uredo gossypii Lagerheim, J. Mycol. 7: 48. 1891. TYPE on Gossypium sp. from Ecuador, Los Rios, Balsapamba, Dec 1890, G. Lagerheim (apparently not the same specimen as the type of Doassansia gossypii which had telia of Phakopsora, not Doassansia). ' Cerotelium gossypii (Lagerheim) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 510. 1917. Based on the anamorph, Uredo gossypii Lagerheim. ' Kuehneola gossypii (Lagerheim) Arthur, N. Am. Flora 7: 187. 1912. Arthur lists Uredo gossypii Lagerheim as the basionym. On Malvaceae Gossypium barbadense Linnaeus, So Paulo (IAC-25). Gossypium brasiliense MacFadyen, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293). Gossypium herbaceum L. Bahia (IBI-5704). Gossypium hirsutum L., Par (PUR-F19128), Rio de Janeiro(HNR-395), So Paulo (PURF1124). Gossypium sp., Cear (IAC-8047), Esprito Santo (IBI-2831), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293), Paran (IBI-10277), Rio Grande do Norte (Vigas, 1945: 2), Rio de Janeiro (IAC2703; Puttemans-2588), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 2; IAC-1395; IBI-1978). Phakopsora gossypii is a common rust of cotton.in tropical regions of the world. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo hipfilo, aislado en pequeos grupos en manchas bien delimitadas, amarillento, abierto por un porn, subepidermal; himenio de subepidermal a intraepidermal, cncavo; parafisos periferales cubriendo los esporos, levemente curvados, cilindricos, 20-50 x 7-9 m; pared hialina, 1-2 m de gruesa, ocasionalmente 2-4 m engrosada en el pice; parafisos en el himenio del mismo tipo; esporos sesiles. de incoloros a amarillentos, angularmente elipsoides, obovoides, 22-28 x 16-19 m; pared incolora, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequeas espinas, espinas un poco mas grandes en la base; poros germinativos imperceptibles, 2 ecuatoriales. Teliosoro hipfilo, alrededor del anamrfo, de amarillento a carmelita, ceroso, cupular, crecimiento determinado, coalescentes, 5-7 capas de esporos; himenio subepidermal, inicialmente esferico, posteriormente semiesferico; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, amarillentos, cuboides, elipsoides, angulares, 12-20 x 8-12 m; pared amarillenta, 1-2 m de gruesa, 3-5 m engrosada en el pice de los esporos del extremo superior. This rust causes infections that result in sori on the undersides of the leaves which in some years may be very abundant. Usually little or no damage seems to result from this disease. This rust has been reported often as Cerotelium gossipii in some of the older literature.

' Phakopsora gossypii (Arthur) N. Hiratsuka f. Urediniological Studies 266. 1955. Basionym is

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Phakopsora jatrophicola Cummins ex Cummins, see PHAKOPSORA ARTHURIAN Buritic & Hennen. Phakopsora juelii H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PHAKOPSORA ROSSMANIAE J. Dianese et al. PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 509. 1917. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Physopella meibomiae Arthur, Mycologia 9: 59. 1917. TYPE on Desmodium incanum DeCandolle from Puerto Rico, Anasco, 28 Mar 1916, H. H. Whetzil & E. W. Olive-1219. = Phakopsora meibomiae (Arthur) Trotter, En: Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 23: 843. 1925. a later homonym = Phakopsora crotalariae Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 509. 1917 [as (Dietel) Arthur comb. nov.]. TYPE on Crotalaria sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Copa Cabana, August 1897, Ule-2328. The Ule specimen had two different rust species on it: Arthur described telia of Phakopsora crotalariae from the Ule specimen and Dietel described Uredo crotalariae Dietel from the same collection, a rust that is not an anamorph of Phakopsora. Anamorph Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen, Mycol. Res. 96(10): 831. 1992. ' Uredo vignae Bresadola, Revue Mycol. (Toulouse) 18: 66. 1891. TYPE on Vigna marina (Burman) Merrill from So Tome , date not recorded, A. Moller. ' Phakopsora vignae (Bresadola) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 5009. 1917(based on uredinia only). = Phakopsora vignae (Arthur) Cummins, Bull. Torrey But. Club 70: 73. 1943. = Uredo teramni Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 587. 1913. TYPE on Teramnus uncinatus (Linnaeus) Swartz from Colombia, Antioquia, Medelln, Rio Porce, 6 Aug 1910, E. Mayor-274. = Uredo concors Arthur, Mycologia 7: 330. 1915. TYPE on Lablab purpureus (Linnaeus) Sweet from Puerto Rico, Jayuya, 17 Dec 1913, F. L. Stevens-6042. ' Physopella concors (Arthur) Arthur, Mycologia 9: 60. 1917. = Uredo aeschenomenis Arthur, Bot. Gaz (Crawfordsville) 39: 392. 1905. TYPE on Aeschonomene americana Linnaeus from Mexico, Morelos, Cusutla, 22 Oct 1903, Holway-5220. ' Physopella aeschynomenis (Arthur) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7:104. 1907. ' Phakopsora aeschynomenis (Arthur) Arthur. = Aecidium crotalariicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (70). 1899. TYPE on Crotalaria sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Jan1888, Ule-947. On Leguminosae: Crotalaria anagyroides Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 7; IAC-2106). Crotalaria paulina Schrank, So Paulo (Dietel, 1899: 257; Hennings 1908: 2; Puttemans-1187). Crotalaria striata DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 294). Crotalaria sp., Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi); Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, PUR-F1176), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 125; IAC-7675), So Paulo (1905, Puttemans-?number; Gjerum, 1978: 466). Desmodium sp., Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Dolichos lablab L., Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Glycine max Merrill, Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Glycine wightii, Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Macroptillium lathyroides, Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1970: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Phaseolus bracteolatus, Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Phaseolus lunatus Linnaeus var. macrocarpus Bentham, Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi), Sao Paulo (IBI-16940). Phaseolus vulgaris L., Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Vigna sinensis Savi, Minas Gerais (Deslandes, 1979: 337, identified as P. pachyrhizi). Phakopsora meibomiae is a widespread native rust in the New World tropics on many genera in the subfamily Faboideae of legumes.

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Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo anfigneo, principalmente hipfilo, redondo, aislados en pequeifos grupos en una misma mancha redonda, abierto por un porn, carmelita claro, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, levemente cncavo; parafisos periferales levantados por tejido hifoide, parafisos en el himenio de cilfndricos a clavados, 20-40 x 8-12 m; pared amarillenta, engrosada en el pice hasta 6 pm; esporos ssiles, de incoloros a amarillentos, de redondos a obovoides, 17-21 x 14-18 m; pared 1-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, incolora, con abundantes y pequenas espinas; poros germinativos 4-8, dispersos. Teliosoro hipfilo, alrededor del anam6rfo, de carmelita a negruzco, lenticular, piano, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescentes, 2-4 capas de esporos, cubierros por la epidermis; himenio subepidermal, piano; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, incoloros en los esporos inferiores; carmelitas en los esporos superiores, cuboides, elipsoides, 1418 x 6-9 m; pared 1-1.5 m de gruesa, 2-5 m en el pice de los esporos del extremo superior. One of the first collections from Brazil was by Puttemans in 1905 at Largo da Luz near the Polytechnic Engeneering School in So Paulo on Crotalaria. Deslandes (1979) first reported this rust on soy beans, Glycine max, from Brazil in Minas Gerais. He reported it as the more virulent species, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, from Asia. This report was of much concern to plant pathologists who used the name P. pachyrhizi for this rust in Brazil in several publications. Ono et al. (1992) reported that the identification of the rust on G. max in the Neotropics is P. meibomiae. But Frederick et al. (2002) presented molecular data as furthur evidence that two species are able to attack soy beans in Brazil, an Asian, P. pachyrhizi, and a New World one, P. meibomiae. Because the uredinia of the two species are morphalogically identical, and because no collections of rust on soy beans from Brazil have been reported to have telia, it is not clear to which species of Phakopsora reports should be atributed. PHAKOPSORA MELAENA H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 37: 315. 1939. TYPE on Randia armata (Swartz) DeCandolle from Ecuador, Guayas: Chongon, 31 Aug 1937, H. Sydow-7. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Angiopsora melaena (H. Sydow) Thirumalachar & Kern, Mycologia 41: 286. 1949. = Phakopsora randiae Kern & Thurston, Mycologia 36: 508. 1944. TYPE on Randia sp. Two collections Randia annata (Swartz) de Candolle and Randia caracasana Standley were reported from Venezuela Tucupe, near Caracas, 28 Feb. 1939, H.H. Whetzel & A.G. Muller-2842 and -2852, without designating a type. A lectotype needs to be chosen. Anamorph Physopella melaena Cummins & Ramachar Mycologia 50: 743. 1958. TYPE same as for Phakopsora melaena H. Sydow. On Rubiaceae Randia sp., Piau (Buritic, 1999: ), Mato Grosso do Sul (Buritic, 1999: ). Phakopsora melaena has been reported also from Venezuela and Ecuador. Espermogonio desconocido. Soro anamrfico hipfilo, disperso, amarillento, inicialmente abierto por un poro, posteriormente completamente abierto; himenio subepidermal, levemente cncavo, parafisos periferales curvados, de incoloros a amarillentos, 29-45 x 7-13 m; pared incolora, 1-4 m de gruesa en el pice y en el dorso; esporos sesiles, incoloros, de globosos a obovoides; 19-25 x 16-21 m; pared incolora, 1.0-1.5 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequenas espinas;

PHAKOPSORA MELANOTES H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 70. 1916. TYPE on Alseis sp., Rubiaceae, from Peru, Rio Acre, Seringal So Francisco, Jul 1911, Ule-34316. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorfo: Physopella melanotes Buritic y Hennen, nom. anamorph. nov. Tipo: el mismo que para el teliomorfo. Phakopsora melanotes has been reported only from the type from nearby Peru. New collections are needed to determine if this rust occurs in Brazil. Espemogonio desconocido. Sore anamorfico anfigineo, principalmente hipfilo, carmelita, inicialmente abierto per on poro, posteriormente completamente abierto; himenio subepidermal, erumpente, plane; parafiso periferales curvados, amarillentos, 30-50 x 8-12 m: pared amarillenta, 1-4 m de gruesa dorsalmente y en el pice; esporos ssiles, de incoloros a amarillentos, obovoides, ellipsoides, 20-26 x 18-21 m; pared incolora, 0.5-1.0 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequenas espinas; pores germinativos imperceptibles. Teliosoro anfigineo, principalmente hipfilo, alrededor del anamrfo o aislado de carmelita a negruzco, lenticular, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescente, 1-5 capas de esporos; himenio subepidermal, plano; teliosporos uno mas o menos debajo del otro, libres, superiores carmelitas, inferiores hialinos, cuboides,

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elipsoides, 12-20 x 10-14 m; pared carmelita en Ins esporos superiores, hialina en Ins inferiores, 1.0-1.5 m de gruesa, engrosada 1-3 m en el pice de los esporos del extremes superior. Phakopsora melanotes Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaf, subepidermal in origin, early opening by a large pore-like structure; surrounded by many curved, basally united paraphyses, 30 - 50 x 8 - 12 m; wall 1 - 4 m thick dorsally and apically, colorless to yellowish; urediniospores obovoid, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 20 - 26 x 18 - 21 m, appearing sessile; wall uniformly .5 - 1 m thick, colorless, densely and minutely echinulate, germ pores obscure. Telia close to the uredinia or scattered, subepidermal in origin remaining covered by the epidermis, brown to blackish, crust-like, dome-shaped, sometimes coalescent, composed of 1 -5 irregular spore layes; teliospores 12 - 20 x 10 -14 m, cuboid, ellipsoid to cylindrical, proximal spores hyaline, distal spores brownish, walls uniformly 1 - 1.5 m thick but distal walls in distal spores 1 - 3 m thick. poros germinativos imperceptibles. Teliosoro hipfilo, alrededor del anamrfo o aislados en grupos circulates, de carmelita a negruzco, cupuliforme, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescentes, 2-5 capas de esporos; himenio subepidermal, plano; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, libres, superiores, carmelitas, inferiores hialinos, oblongos, cuboides, elipsoides, 16-26 x 10-17 m; pared carmelita en los esporos superiores, hialina en los inferiores, 1.0-1.5 m de gruesa, 2-6 m engrosada en el apice de los esporos del extremo superior. PHAKOPSORA NEOCHERIMOLIAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. I.C.N.E.(Medellin) 5: 176. 1994. TYPE on Annona cherimola Miller, Annonaceae, from Guatemala, Moran, 11 Feb 1905, W. A. Kellerman-5403. (?/?,IIse/III). Phakopsora cherimoliae Cummins, Mycologia 48: 604. 1956. (A later homonym of an anamorph name, therefore a new name was published by Buritic & Hennen as shown above). Anamorph Physopella cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienna. p. 338. 1906. Uredo cherimoliae Lagerheim in Patouillard & Lagerheim, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 11: 215. 1895. TYPE on Annona cherimola Miller from Ecuador, Balas & San Nicolas, 1890. Lagerheim s.n. Phakopsora cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 68: 467. 1941. = Uredo cupulata Ellis & Everhart in Millspaugh, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 2: 16. 1900. TYPE on Annona sp. from Mexico, Yucatn, Feb 1899, F. Milspaugh s.n. Phakopsora neocherimoliae has been reported from the Argentina, northern South America, Central America, Mexico, some Caribbean Islands,and southern United States of America (Florida, Texas), and on cultivated species of Annona, especially Annona cherimola. It has not yet been reported from Brazil but can be expected. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, sori 0.1-0.4 mm across, numerous, scattered or in irregular groups, early naked, powdery, pale brownish, ruptured epidermis evident; paraphyses peripheral, slightly imbricated to form a pseudoperidium, 40-50 x 10-13 m, clavate, contracted near the apex, wall about 1 m thick below, thickened above so as to obliterate the lumen, colorless; urediniospores 26-31 x 16-19 m, obovoid, wall about 1 m thick, pale-yellow, rather closely echinulate, the pores obscure (Arthur, 1923). Telia in or around the uredinia, waxy, lenticular, broadly concave at the base, cinnamon-brown, coalescent, subepidermal; teliospores in 3-5 layers, teliospores 13-23 x 7-13 m, cuboid, ellipsoid or oblong, free, yellowish basally, cinnamon-brown above, wall 1-2 m thick, slightly thicker above in the distal spores. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo hipfilo, de amarillento a carmelita, en grupos en la misma lesin delimitada por la nervadura de la hoja, abierto por un poro, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, plano; parafisos periferales y en el himenio, rectos, curvados, flexulosos, 26-55 x 7-15 m; pared 3-8 m engrosada en el pice; esporos ssiles, de amarillentos a carmelitas, redondos, de elipsoides ovoides, 18-24 x 17-21 m; pared 0.5-1 m de gruesa, irregularmente engrosada, con abundantes y pequeas espinas; poros germinativos imperceptibles. Teliosoro desarrollado en el anamrfo alrededor, hipfilo, ceroso, lenticular, carmelita rojizo, coalescente, crecimiento determinado, subepidermal, 35 capas de esporos; himenio cncavo; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, libres, basales amarillentos superiores carmelitas, cuboides,

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elipsoides, oblongos, 13-23 x 7-13 m; pared 1-2 m de gruesa, levemente engrosada en el pice de los esporos del estremo superior. (Buritic, 1999). Nomenclature explanation by J. F. H. June, 2003 1. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN, Article 36) requires that all fungus names must be published in Latin after 1 Jan 1935. 2. Cummins published in 1941 the name "Phakopsora cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Cummins" with a description of telia in English, not in Latin. He reported a specimen from Guatemala as the source of the information about telia. However, because he cited Uredo cherimoliae Lagerheim as the source of the epithet" cherimoliae" i.e. the basionym, the type specimen of that name from Ecuador is automatically the type specimen for Phakopsora cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Cummins. At that time Arthur and Cummins believed that he was transfering the epithet "cherimoliae" from the anamorph genus Uredo to a teleomorph genus Phakopsora and that he did not have to provide a Latin diagnosis, and that the type specimen did not have to be a teleomorph. However, the ICBN does not allow anamorph names to be transfered to teleomorph genera. Therefore "Phakopsora cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Cummins" technically and automatically became another name, i.e. a taxonomic synonym, for "Uredo cherimoliae Lagerheim",.. [Uredo cherimoliae is the basionym of Physopella cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Arthur, which according to Buritic and Hennen is now the anamorph Physopella cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Arthur, although Arthur thought he was providing what we call now a teleomorph name]. 3. In order to overcome this nomenclatural problem Cummins (1956) published the name "Phakopsora cherimoliae Cummins sp. nov." with a description of telia in Latin and the citation of the specimen with telia from Guatemala as the type. But because the combination "Phakopsora cherimoliae" was already taken as a synonym of Uredo cherimoliae (now Physopella cherimoliae) this combination could not be used for a teleomorph name. 4. Therefore, Buritic [Buritic C, P. 1994. Cambios taxonomicos y nuevos registros de Uredinales de la flora Andina. Revista del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales y Ecologia (Univ. Nac. de Colombia, Fac. de Ciencias, sede Medellin) 5(2); 173-190.] proposed the new name "Phakopsora neocherimoliae Buritic & Hennen nom. nov." (see citation above) for this taxon with the type being the specimen from Guatemala reported by Cummins in 1941 PHAKOPSORA NISHIDANA S. Ito ex S Ito & Homma, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 117 (113128). 1938. TYPE on Ficus carica Linneaus, Moraceae, from Japan, Kyushu: Pref. Kumamoto-shi, Izumimura, Hotaku-gun, 15 Oct 1906, K. Yoshino. . (?/?,IIse/III). = Phakopsora fici Nishida, Engei-no-tomo 7: 881. 1911. nom. nudum. = Phakopsora hengshanensis Tai, Farlowia 3: 98. 1947. TYPE on Ficus martinia (?) (Moraceae) from CHINA, Hunan, Hengshan, 18 Nov 1937, C. C. Cheo 4757. Anamorph Malupa fici (Castagne) Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. (Medelln) 5(2): 175. 1994. ' Uredo fici Castagne in Desmazieres, Pl. Crypt. (fasc. 34) No. 1662. 1848. TYPE on Ficus carica Linnaeus from France. ' Physopella fici (Castagne) Arthur, Res. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne, p. 338. 1906. ' Cerotelium fici (Castagne) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 509. 1917. Not Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur. On Moraceae Ficus carica Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 293; IBI-16298), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 134), Pernambuco (Pickel, 1936: 212; Batista & Bezerra,1960: 6).Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 121), So Paulo (IBI-16131). Ficus pumila L., Rio de Janeiro (IBI-13070), So Paulo (IBI-14083). Phakopsora nishidana is circumglobal in warmer regions where Ficus carica is grown but usually only uredinia are collected Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.2-0.3 mm across, on abaxial side of leaves, often on yellowish-brown spots, scattered, or in groups, often densely covering large areas, subepidermal in origin, covered at first, erumpent by a pore, paraphyses 20-50 x 6-9 m; numerous, peripheral and intermixed, slightly incurved, clavate to cylindrical, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, peripheral paraphyes terminating a short hyphoid peridium; urediniospores 18-24 x 16-19 m, sessile, globoid, ellipsoid, or obovoid; wall uniformly ca 1-1.5 m thick, pale yellow to yellowish-brown, echinulate, pores obscure. Telia on the abaxial

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side of leaves, subepidermal, not erumpent, 0.2-0.8 mm across, usually around the uredinia, lenticular, often coalescent, dark brown to blackish, teliospores 13-20 x 8-12 m, oblong, cuboid, or ellipsoid, irregularly arranged in (2-)3-4(-5) layers, wall ca 1.5 m thick, pale cinnamon-brown, , (Buritica, 19xx, Hiratsuka et al., 1992). The correct name of the widespread, common rust on cultivated fig has been confused. This rust has been reported mostly by the anamorph name Uredo fici Castagne or the teleomorph name Cerotelium fici. The authors of the latter name have been given as either (Cast.) Arthur or (Butler) Arthur. Arthur (1917) published the name Cerotelium fici as a transfer from the anamorph Uredo fici Castagne because at that time he considered that names of anamorphs could be transferred to teleomorph genera if they had priority. The Code does not permit this now. But Arthur mistakenly also cited Kuehneola fici Butler as a synonym of Cerotelium fici (Castagne) Arthur. Because Butler based Kuehneola fici on a teleomorph, which is a different rust in India and is now considered as the true Cerotelium fici (Butler), Arthur some later authors have cited Arthurs Cerotelium fici as (Butler) Arthur. However, the rust on Ficus carica is a Phakopsora as shown above and not Kuehneola or Cerotelium, and its oldest anamorph name is Uredo fici Castagne. Ito (1938), Ito and Homma (1938), and Hiratsuka (1944) were the first to use the correct holomorphic namefor this common fig rust. Infections on Ficus pumila, an ornamental clinging vine that is used to cover outdoor walls, are very few. Ficus pumila seems to have some resistence to this rust. Specimens on Ficus ibapohy reported by Jackson (1927. p52) belong to Cerotelium ficicola Buritica & Hennen. Phakopsora nishidana is well known in Brazil by all those who cultivate purple fig because it causes bright yellow color on the underside of the leaves resulting in premature leaf fall and weakening of the plants. Even fruits may be infected. Chemical control with the traditional Bourdoux mixture and other fungicides adds costs to high quality fig production. Only the two species of Phakopsora, as compared below, are known on Moraceae in the New World. 1. Anamorph sori Malupa sp., paraphyses usually less than 30 m long; wall thickened to 10 m Phakopsora mori Buritic & Hennen. or more at the apex, on Morus spp. 1. Anamorph sori Malupa sp., paraphyses usually more than 30 m long; wall uniformly ca 1-1.5 Phakopsora nishidana Ito. m thick, on Ficus Phakopsora mori Buritic & Hennen has been reported only from Guatemala, Mexico, and Florida in the United States of America. See Kuehneola fici for notes on nomenclature of that speciesand Cerotelium fici. PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 12: 108. 1914. TYPE on Pachyrhizus sp. from The Philippines. Samples from Brazil and Paraguay identified as Phakopsora pachyrhizi by DNA comparisons by Reid Fredrick at Ft. Dietrick, Md. in 2002. PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE Arthur. Ono et al. (1991) determined that the rust in the New World that had been reported as Phakopsora pachyrhizi is PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE. Phakopsora pachyrhizi occurs in Asia. PHAKOPSORA PAVIDA Buritic & Hennen, sp. nov. Rev. Acad. Cienc. Colombia 23: 290. 1999. TYPE on Croton sp. from Venezuela, Tucupe near Caracas, 28 Feb 1939, H. H. Whetzel & A. S. Muller-2848. (PUR) (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Milesia pavida (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen, comb. anamorph. nov Rev. Acad. Cienc. Colombia 23: 290. 1999. ' Uredo pavida H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 468. 1931. TYPE on Croton compressus Lamarck from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 29 Aug 1921, Holway-1080. Tipo: sobre Croton compressus Lamark (Euphorbiaceae), BRASIL: Rio de Janeiro, 13 Nov. 1921, E.WD. & M.M. Holway 1296. On Euphorbiaceae Croton compressus Lamarck, Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 291). Croton sonderianus Muell-Arg., Cear (Buritic, 1999: 291). Croton sp., Bahia, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, So Paulo (Buritic, 1999: 291). Phakopsora pavida has been reported only from Brazil and Venezuela. Spermogoniis adhuc ignotis. Soris anamorphis hypophyllis, dispersis vel aggregatis, rotundatis, flavidis vel brunneis, primo con centrali apertis tandem erumpentibus, subepidermalibus; hymenio

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subepidermalibus, applanato; peridium hyphoideis evidentis; paraphysibus in hymenio copiosis, hyalinis, globosis, clavatis, 25-35 x 9-14 m; parieti tenuo, apice 1-3 m incrassato; sporis sessilibus, hyalinis vel flavidis, obovoideis vel elipsoideis, 25-30 x 18-21 m; parieti flavido. 1-1.5 m crasso, 3-7 m, apice incrassato, versimiliter bilaminatis, densis et minuteque aculeatis; poris germinationis 4, aecuatorialibus. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, circa soris anamorphis vel dispersis, brunneis, crustiformibus, determinatis, coalescentibus, 2-3 sporis stratis, subepidermalibus; hymenio subepidermali, concavo; teliosporis irregulariter dispositis, liberis, brunneis, oblongis vel ellipsoideis, 22-26 x 12-14 pm; parieti flavido vel brunneo, 1.5-2.5 m, 3-5 m apice incrassato in sporis superioribus. Espermogonio desconocido. Anam6rfo hip6filo, en grupos dispersos, redondo, de amarillento a carmelita, inicialmente abierto por on poro, posteriormente completamente abierto, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, piano: peridio hifoide claramente evidente en estados tempranos; parafisos en el himenio, abundantes, hialinos, globosos 6 clavados, 25-35 x 9-14 pm; pared delgada, ocasionalmente 1-3 m engrosada dorsalmente y en el spice: esporos sesiles, de incoloros a amarillentos, de obovoides a elipsoides, 25-30 x 18-21 m; pared amariIlenta, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, 3-7 m engrosada en el apice, apareciendo bilaminada, con abundantes y pequenas espinas; poros germinativos imperceptibles, 4 ecuatoriales. Telisoro hip6filo, alrededor del anamorfo o disperso, carmelita, costriforme, crecimiento determinado, coalescentes, 23 capas de esporos, cubiertos por la epidermis; himenio subepidermal. c6ncavo; teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, libres, carmelitas, de oblongos a elipsoides. 22-26 x 12-14 m; pared de amarillenta a carmelita, 1.5-2.5 m de gruesa, 3-5 m engrosada en el apice de esporos superiores. Traits that help to identify Phakopsora pavida include anamorph sori on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or irregularly grouped, subepidermal in origin, peridium hyphoid as seen in young sori, opening at first with a pore, later completely open, hymenial paraphyses numerous, 25-35 x 9-14 m, globoid to clavate, wall thin, apex 1-3 m thick, spores 25-30 x 18-21 , obovoid to ellipsoid, walls 1-1.5 m thick, 3-7 m thick at apex, pale yellowish, bilaminate, PHAKOPSORA PHAKOPSOROIDES (Arthur & Mains) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23(87): 277. 1999. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Puccinia phakopsoroides Arthur & Mains, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 412. 1919. TYPE on Olyra latifolia Linnaeus from Cuba, Guantanamo, 7 Feb 1918, J. R. Johnston-1028. ' Dicaeoma phakopsoroides (Arthur & Mains) Arthur & Fromme in Arthur, N. Amer. Fl. 7(4): 295. 1920. ' Angiopsora phakopsoroides (Arthur & Mains) Mains, Mycologia 26: 128. 1934. Anamorph Physopella phakopsoroides Cummins & Ramachar, Mycologia 50: 743. 1958. Type same as for Puccinia phakopsoroides Arthur & Mains. On Gramineae: Olyra latifolia Linnaeus (=Olyra cordifolia Humboldt, Bompland & Kunth), Par (Cummins, 1971: 58; PUR-F9519). Olyra sp., Sao Pulo (IBI-13711). Phakopsora phakopsoroides has been reported on Olyra spp. also from Ecuador, Venezuela, Central America, and Cuba. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, paraphyses 35-50 x 10-12 m, abundant, yellowish to brownish, incurved, wall apically and dorsally thickened; urediniospores (25-)28-34(-38) x (18-)20-24(-26) m, ellipsoid or obovoid; wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless to yellow, echinulate, pores obscure, 7-11, scattered. Telia brownish to blackish, covered by the epidermis; spores 12-21 x 8-14 m, cuboid to oblong, in vertical rows of 2 or 3; wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, yellow to golden (Cummins, 1971). Key to help identify five rust species on Olyra and Parodiolyra , Poaceae The follwoing is a key to the five rust species known on Parodiolyra and Olyra spp., as modified from Cummins (1971). All have been reported from the Americas. Puccinia belizensis from Central America is unknown in Brazil. Puccinia deformata has been reported also from Africa. 1. Teliospores in sessile rows, uredinia enclosed with numerous, peripheral, incurved paraphyses with walls Phakopsora phakopsoroides. thickened on one side 1. Teliospores pedicellate, paraphyses, if present, cylindrical or broadly capitate with uniformly thin, (2). brownish walls, and short stalks. 2. Uredinia with paraphyses cylindrical or broadly capitate with uniformly thin, brownish walls,

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Puccinia obliquo-septata. and short stalks, pores equatorial 2. Uredinia without paraphyses, urediniospore pores equatorial. (3). 3. Urediniospores mostly 34-46 m long Puccinia belizensis. 3. Urediniospores mostly less than 34 m long. (4). 4. Uredionospores mostly 27-32 m long Puccinia deformata. 4. Urediniospores mostly 23-26 m long Puccinia faceta. PHAKOPSORA ROSSMANIAE (as "rossmanii")J. Dianese, Santos & Tessman in J. Dianese, Medeiros, Santos, Furlaneto, Sanchez & A. Dianese, Fitopatol. bras.18: 437. 1993. TYPE on Campomanesia adamantiium (Cambessedes) O. Berg from Brazil, Gois: Goiatuba, 28 May 1993, J. Dianese-4050. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Physopella jueli (P. Sydow& H. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 271-305. ' Phakopsora juelii P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 3: 416. 1912. TYPE on ? Campomanesia aurea O. Berg (reported originally as Campomanesia cyanea O. Berg) from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Santa Maria de Boca de Monte, 1893, Malme s.n. A teleomorph not described. Uredo juelii J. Walker, Aust. J. Bot. 10: 122. 1983. not validly published. On Myrtaceae Campomanesia adamantium (Cambessedes) O. Berg, Gois, Minas Gerais (J. Dianese et al., 1993: 437). Campomanesia sp., Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI- 14336), Minas Gerais (12649), Sao Paulo (IBI12359). Phakopsora rossmaniae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinaia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered singly or in groups, cinnamon-brown, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, paraphyses peripheral, numerous, (17-)20-29(-35) x 5-8(12) m, incurved, rounded above, wall 1.5-3.0 m, thickened on sides and at the apex, colorless to yellowish; urediniospores sessile, (14-)18-23 x (12-)14-18 m, reniform, obovoid; wall uniformly 0.5-1.0 m thick, echinulate with numerous small spines, cinnamon-brown, pores 3(-4), mostly equatorial, occasionally with one apical, pores sometimes obscure. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, rarely found, usually around the uredinia, yellowish brown to cinnamon-brown, waxy, lenticular, teliospores in 2-4(-5) irregular layers, 10-14 x 6-9 m, cuboide, cylindrical to elipsoide; wall uniformly 1.0-1.5 m thick. The asymetric, reniform urediniospores aid in identifying Phakopsora rossmaniae. This rust was first reported by Juel (1897) as Uredo sp. from a collection made by Malme on 3 May 1893 from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Sydows (1912) named this rust Phakopsora juelii but did not describe a teleomorph. Walker (1983) designated this rust as Uredo juelii J. Walker but the name was not validly published because he did not designate the basionym properly. The peripheral paraphyses of the anamorph sori are characteristic of the anamorph genus Physopella. PHAKOPSORA TECTA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 18: 148. 1926. LECTOTYPE on Commelina quitensis Bentham, from Bolivia, Sorata, 16 April 1920, Holway-536. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Physopella tecta (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Azbukina, Akad. Nauk Inst. Nov.Sist. Nizh. Rast. (Leningrad) 7: 223. 1970. Anamorph Malupa commelinae (Kalchbrenner) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. (Medelln) 5(2): 180. 1994. ? ' Uredo commelyneae Kalchbrenner, Grevillea 11: 24. 1882, not that of Spegazzini, 1880. TYPE on Commelina sp. (Commelinaceae) from Natal, South Africa, M. Wood s.n. = Phakopsora commelinae Gaeumann, Bull. Jar. Bot. Buitenzorg, Serie 3. 5: 4. 1922. Telia not described. Tipo: sobre Commelina nodiflora Linneo Commelinaceae), JAVA e ISLAS CELEBES. Commelinaceae Commelina sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-14587), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-13394), So Paulo (IBI 14107).

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? Tradescantia sp., So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 8; IAC-4039). Phakopsora tecta has been reported on Commelina spp. and Dichorisandra, and from Argentina to Texas in the United States of America, also from Hawaii and in Asia from India to Japan. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo en Malupa, hip6filo, agrupados en manchas circulares, amarillentos, cubierto por la epidermis, abiertos por un poro, subepidermal; himenio intraepidermal, levemente c6ncavo; parafisos en la parte superior del peridio, curvados. clavados, capitados, 18-28 x 8-12 m pared incolora, de l2 m, uniforme, en los parafisos del extremo amarillenta. 5-10 m engrosada en el aipice, esporos sesiles, irregularinente elipsoides. 24-32 x 18-22 m: pared incolora. 1-1.5 m de gruesa. con abundantes y pequenas espinas: pores germinativos imperceptibles. Teliosoro hipofilo, en grupos circulares alrededor (lei anain6rfc). redondo. cubierto por la epidermis. compacto, puntiforme, inicialinente ambar luego carmelita oscuro. 3-7 capas de esporos, crecimiento determinado, subepidermal: himenio intraepidermal, levemente c6ncavo: teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, de elipsoides a oblongos, 24-34 x I3-16 m; pared en los teliosporos interiores amarillenta. 1-2 m de gruesa. con exicnsiones irregulares en el apice. en los teliosporos exteriores carmelita, 6-10 m de gruesa. Jackson (1926) published Phakopsora tecta as a nov. nom. for a species originally named as the anamorph Uredo commelynaea Kalchbrenner from Natal, South Africa. But Jackson described telia from the collection that we listed above as the lectotype of P. tecta. Thus, the name P. tecta is to be considedred as a new species atributable to Jackson and Holway alone and not as a nom. nov. for U. commelyneae Kalchbrenner. PHAKOPSORA TIJUCAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 292. 1999. sp. nova TYPE on Phyllanthus lathyroides Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca, 19 Aug 1921, E. W. D. & M. M. Holway-1056. (PUR) (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Milesia tijucae (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 293. 1999. comb. anamorph. nov. ' Uredo tijucae H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 469. 1931. TYPE same as for the teleomorph. On Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus lathyroides Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 256, as Uredo phyllanthi P.Hennings, Ule-2214; Jackson, 1931: 469). Phakopsora tijucae has been reported only from Brazil. Uredo tijucae Jackson & Holway, sp. nov. II. Uredinia subcuticular, hypophyllous, on yellowish spots, scattered, small, round, 0.2-0.4 mm. across, early naked, cinnamon brown, pulverulent, ruptured cuticle conspicuous; urediniospores ellipsoid or obovoid, 15-18 by 24-25 m; wall thin, 1-1.5 m, cinnamon brown with some tendency to be darker in upper part of spore, finely and closely verrucose; pores 2, equatorial. Phyllanthus lathyroides H.B.K. Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 19, 1921, 1056 (type); Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Oct. 25, 1921, 1245. It seems probable that this is the uredinial stage of a Ravenelia. It differs, however, from any described on this host genus. Paraphyses appear to be absent. Our specimens agree with Ule's collection 2214 from Rio de Janeiro issued as Uredo Phyllanthi P. Henn. It is quite different from that species, however, which has larger irregular spores and has been assigned by Sydow to Schroeteriaster ulei Sydow (Jackson, 1931). Spermogoniis adhuc ignotis. Soris anamorphis hypophyllis, dispersis vel aggregatis, rotundatis, flavidis. primo con centrali apertis tandem erumpentibus; hymenio subcuticulari, erumpenti, aperto; peridio hyphoideo; sporis sessilibus, allipsoideis vel obovodes, 23-26 x 15-18 m; parieti 1-1.5 m crasso, aequaliter, superne brunneis inferne hyalinis, dense et minuteque aculeato; poris germinationibus 2, aecuatorialibus. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, subepidermalibus, circa soros anamorphos, succineis, crustiformibus, indeterminatis, 2-3 sporis stratis, epidermis tectis; hymenio subepidermali, applanato vel concavo; teliosporis seriatim dispositis, liberis, oblongis vel cuboideis, 12-24 x 10-12 m; parieti flavide vel brunnei, 0.5-1 m crassis, 2-3 pm incrassatis in sporis superioribus. Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo hipfilo, en grupos dispersos, redondo, amarillento, inicialmente abierto por on poro, posteriormente completamente abierto; himenio subcuticular, erumpente, plano; peridio hifoide; esporos ssiles, de obovoides a elipsoides, 23-26 x 15-18 m; pared carmelita hacia la parte superior, amarillenta hacia la parte inferior, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, con abundantes y pequenas espinas;

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poros germinativos 2, ecuatoriales. Teliosoro hipfilo, alrededor del anamrfo, ambar, costriforme, crecimiento indeterminado, 2-3 capas de esporos, cubierto por la epidermis; himenio subepidermal, plano ligeramente cncavo; teliosporos uno debajo del otro, de oblongos a cuboides, 12-24 x 10-12 m; pared de amarillenta a incolora, 0.5-1 m de gruesa, 2-3 m engrosada en el spice de los esporos superiores. Especimenes estudiados: sobre Euphorbiaceae. Phyllanthus lathyroides H.B.K., BRASIL: Rio de Janeiro. Tijuca, 19 Ago. 1921, E.W.D. & M.M. Holway 1056 (Tipo); Petropolis, 25 Oct. 1921, E.W.D. & M.M. Holway 1245; We 2214. Observaciones: el tipo escogido por Jackson (1931) para designar el anamrfo posee teliosporos y es de alli, de donde se han descrito. "Uredo tijucae Jackson & Holway, sp. nov. Uredinia subcuticular, hypophyllous, on yellowish spots, scattered, small, round, 0.2-0.4 mm. across, early naked, cinnamon brown, pulverulent, ruptured cuticle conspicuous; urediniospores ellipsoid or obovoid, 15-18 by 24-25 m; wall thin, 1-1.5 m, cinnamon brown with some tendency to be darker in upper part of spore, finely and closely verrucose; pores 2, equatorial. On Phyllanthus lathyroides H.B.K. Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 19, 1921, 1056 (type); Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Oct. 25, 1921, 1245. It seems probable that this is the uredinial stage of a Ravenelia. It differs, however, from any described on this host genus. Paraphyses appear to be absent. Our specimens agree with Ule's collection 2214 from Rio de Janeiro issued as Uredo Phyllanthi P. Henn. It is quite different from that species, however, which has larger irregular spores and has been assigned by Sydow to Schroeteriaster ulei Sydow." (Jackson, 1931) Buritic (1999) reported two of the four species of Phakopsora on Phyllanthus from the Neotropics from Brazil. Two other species of Phakopsora on Phyllanthus have been reported from the Old World: Phakopsora phyllanthi Dietel, 1910, from India, The East Indies and the Philippines; and Phakopsora phyllanthi-discoidei Viennot-Bourgin, 1959, from Guinea, Africa. Key to help identify Phakopsora species on Phyllanthus, Euphorbiaceae, in the Neotropics All with anamorph sori surounded by a hyphoid peridium, urediniospore walls are more or less uniformely thin, not thickened at the apex. 1. Urediniospore pores 3-4, scattered above the equator; teliospores in 2-3 layers, teliospores 10-16 m wide, walls 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 3-5 apically in distal layer. The West Indies Phakopsora fenestrala (Arthur) Arthur 2. Urediniospore pores 2-3, equatorial or in angles; teliospores in 1(-2) layer, teliospore walls 1.5-2.5 m Phakopsora purdueae Buritic & Hennen thick at sides, 4-5 apically. Mexico 3. Urediniospore pores 2, equatorial; teliospores in 2-3 layers. walls 0.5-1 m thick at sides, 2-3 apically in Phakopsora tijucae Buritic & Hennen distal layer. Brazil 4. Urediniospores pores 2-3, equatorial; teliospores in 4-7 layers, walls 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 2-3 apically Phakopsora ulei (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) in distal layer. Brazil Buritic & Hennen PHAKOPSORA TOCOYENAE Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. 23: 304. 1999. TYPE on Tocoyena sp. from Brazil, Federal District: Aguas Emendadas National Park, 5 Nov 1977, J. F. Hennen & M. M. Hennen-77-213. (?/?,II/III). Phakopsora tocoyenae Buritic & Hennen, sp. nov. Tipo: sobre Tocoyena sp. (Rubiaceae), BRASIL: Distrito Federal. circa al borde Este del Parque Nacional Aguas Emendadas en la carretera 020 entre Planaltina y Formosa. 5 Nov. 1977, J. F & M.M. Hennen 77 - 217 (in IBI-13210). Anamorfo: Physopella tocoyenae Buritic & Hennen, sp. anamorph nov. Tipo: el mismo que para el teliomorfo. On Rubiaceae Tocoyena sp., Amap (IBI-16616, 16632), Federal District (IBI-13210; Buritic, 1999: 304), Gois (IBI-16672, -16687), Mato Grosso (IBI-16718), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14354), Minas Gerais (IBI-15361,-16387, -16396; Buritic, 1999: 304), So Paulo (IBI-13364, 16208). Spermogonii adhuc ignotis. Soris anamorphis hypophyllis, aggregatis, brunneis, primo poro centrali apertis tandem erumpentis, subepidermalibus; hymenio erumpenti. applanato; paraphysibus peripheralibus,

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abundis. ad basim conjunctis, curvatis. 20-48 x 7-10 m; parieti flavido. 3-5 m apice et dorsaliter incrassato, sporis sessilibus, flavidis vel brunneis, obovoideis vel ellipsoideis, 24-28 x 18-22 m; paieti 0.51.0 m aequaliter crasso, dense et minuteque acualeati verrucosa; poris germinationis obscuris. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, circa soros anamorphis brunneis vel atris, crustiformibus, applanatis, indeterminatis, coalescentibus, epiderme tectis; hymenio subepidermali, applanato; teliosporis seriatim in 3-4 stratis dispositis adherenti, rectangulis oblongis vel ellipsoideis, 20-26 x 14-18 m; parieti bruneo, 3-4 m, 4-6 m apice incrassato in sporis superioribus. Espermogonio desconocido. Sore, anamorfico hipofilo, en grupos, carmelitas, inicialmente abierto por un poro, posteriormente completamente abierto; himenio subepidermal. erumpente, piano; parafisos periferales abundantes,curvados. 20-48 x 7-10 m; pared amarillenta. 3-5 m de gruesa dorsalmente y en el apice; esporos sesiles, de amarillentos a carmelitas, obovoides, elipsoides, 24-28 x 18-22 m; pared amarillenta, 0.51.0 m de gruesa. uniforme, con abundantes y pequeas espinas, y verrugas; poros germinativos imperceptibles. Teliosoro hipofilo, alrededor del anamorfo, de carmelita a negruzco, costriforme, plano, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescente, 3-4 capas de esporos; himenio subepidermal, plano; teliosporos mas o menos uno debajo del otro, rectangulares, elipsoides, 20-26 x 14-18 m; pared carmelita, 3-4 m de gruesa, 4- m engrosada en el apice de los esporos del extremo superior, PHAKOPSORA TOMENTOSAE Ferreira & Gasparotto in Ferreira, Gasparotto, & Lima, Fitopatol. bras. 26: 206-208. 2001. TYPE on Licania tomentosa, Manaus, Am, Brasil, Luadir Gasparotto. 23-IV1993. Herbrio UFV-VIC - 21998, holotypus". PHAKOPSORA ULEI (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 292. 1999. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Schroeteriaster ulei H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 70. 1916. TYPE on Phyllanthus sp. from Brazil, Rio Acre, Seringal San Francisco, July 1911, Ule-3487. >' Bubakia ulei (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 466. 1931. Jackson (1931) missidentified the specimen that led him to make this combination. He reported it as on Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Rusby from Bolivia, Nor Yungas: Coroico, 11 June 1920, Holway-734. But the host is Maprounea brasiliensis and the rust is CHACONIA MAPROUNEAE (Vigas) Ono & Hennen.] Anamorph Milesia phyllanthi (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen in Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 292. 1999. ' Uredo phyllanthi Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 248. 1896. TYPE on Phyllanthus sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, July 1887, Ule-699. On Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus grandifolius Linnaeus, Rio Acre, Brazil (Sydow, 1916: 70, as Phakopsora fenestrala). Phyllanthus sp., Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1956: 486, as Phakopsora fenestrala ). Phyllanthus sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 248). Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo hipfilo, en grupos dispersos, amarillento, inicialmente abierto por un poro, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, plano; peridio hifoide; esporos ssiles, de incoloros a amarillentos, irregularmente piriformes, arrifionados, 26-33 x 16-20 m; pared de incolora a amarillenta, 0.5-1 m de gruesa, uniforme, con pequenas y abundantes espinas; poros germinativos 2 -3, ecuatoriales. Teliosoro hipfilo, dispersos, de carmelita a negruzco, costriforme, 3-7 capas de esporos, cubiertos por la epidermis; himenio subepidermal, plano, teliosporos irregularmente arreglados, amarillentos, ovoides, oblongos, cuboides, 16-25 x 10-12 m; pared de incolora a amarillenta, 1-1.5 m de gruesa, 1-4 m engrosada en el pice de los teliosporos del estremo superior (Buritic, 1999). See Phakopsora tijucae for comparison of species of Phakopsora on Phyllanthus in the Neotropics. Phakopsora vignae (Bresadola) Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE Arthur.

PHAKOPSORA ZEAE (Mains ) Buritic, I. C. N. E. (Medellin ) 5(2): 183. 1994. (?/? IIse/III). ' Angiopsora zeae Mains, Mycologia 30: 42. 1938. TYPE on Zea mays Linnaeus from Guatemala, Alameda, 2 Nov 1936, J. R. Johnston s.n. Anamorph

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Uredendo zeae (Cummins & Ramachar) Buritic, Rev. I. C. N. E. (Medelln) 5: 183. 1994. ' Physopella zeae Cummins & Ramachar, Mycologia 50: 743. 1958. TYPE the same specimine as for Angiopsora zeae Mains, the teleomorph. On Gramineae Zea mays Linnaeus, So Paulo (IBI-15450). Phakopsora zeae has been reported mostly as Physopella zeae from Venezuela, Central America, The West Indies, and some Southern United States of America. Phakopsora zeae has been reported also on Eucleana mexicana, a very close relative of Zea mays. This rust has been given the common name of "tropical corn rust". Espermogonio desconocido. Anamrfo anfigneo, principalmente hipfilo, amarillo plido, dispersos, abriendo la epidermis tempranamente, subepidermal; himenio subepidermal, plano; parafisos en el himenio pocos, libres, de cilindricos a clavados, 16-30 x 8-14 m; pared hialina, delgada, ocasionalmente 1-1.5 m engrosada en el pice; esporos ssiles, amarillo plido, de obovoide a elipsoide, 24-30 x 15-20 m; pared hialina, 1-2 m de gruesa, uniforme, con abundantes y pequenas espinas; poros germinativos imperceptibles, ms menos 6-8 dispersos. Teliosoro anfigneo, principalmente hipfilo, alrededor del anamrfo, de carmelita a negruzco, lenticular, de cupular a plano, crecimiento indeterminado, coalescentes, 1-3 capas de esporos, cubierto por la epidermis; himenio subepidermal, inicialmente cncavo luego plano; teliosporos ms menos uno debajo del otro, libres, elipsoides, 16-24 x 9-13 m; pared amarillenta, 1.5-2 m de gruesa, 2-4 m engrosada en el pice de los esporos superiores (Buritic, 1999). Closely related species of Phakopsora zeae include Phakopsora cumminsiana and Phakopsora pallescens, both on Tripsacum spp. Uredinia without paraphyses, urediniospores mostly more than 24 m long (24-30 15-20 m), teliospores mostly in 2(-3) layers and in vertical rows, the walls in distal layer 2.5-4(-6) m thick, side walls 1.5-2 m (Buritic, 1999). PHAKOPSORA ZIZYPHI-VULGARIS Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 8: 469. 1910. TYPE on Zizyphus jujuba Lamarck (Rhamnaceae) from India, Pusa, 8 Mar 1909, R. Sen s.n. (?/?,IIse/III). Annamorph: Malupa zizyphi-vulgaris (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 23: 296. 1999. ' Uredo zizyphi-vulgaris P. Hennings, Hedwigia (Beiblatt) 41: 21. 1902. TYPE on Zizyphus vulgaris Lamark from Japan, Tosa: Nimura Aug 1901, Yoshinaga-55. On Rhamnaceae Zizyphus sp. (Rhamnaceae), So Paulo (Piracicaba, Puttemans-1606) & (Joazairo do Norte, ? State, Puttemans-1605). Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris is widespread in Asia from Pakistan, India, China and Taiwan. It has also been reported in Florida in the United States of America and was probably introduced into Brazil along with its cultivated host. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in small groups, yellowish, subepidermal in origin, hymenium slightly concave, erumpent at first by a small pore, peridium well developed around lower peripheral half of sori, surmounted by shorter, incurved, thick-walled paraphyses-like cells, hymenial paraphyses 25-45 x 6-9 m, cylindrical to clavate, free, wall uniformly thin or occasionally 1-3 m thick at apex, colorless; urediniospores appear sessile, 18-24 x 14-18 m, ellipsoid to ovoid, wall uniformly 0.5-1 m, colorless, echinulae evenly numerous and small, germ pores obscure, probably 3, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves around the uredinia, subepidermal in origin, cinnamon-brown, crust-like; teliospores in 1-4(-5) irregular rows or layers, teliospores 10-18 x 6-10 m, ellipsoid to oblong, wall 1-1.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown, upper spores 2-4 m thick apically, Buritic (1999) reported traits of Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris that included anamorph sori with intrasoral paraphyses and a peripheral basal peridium surmounted with numerous incurved paraphyses-like, thick-walled cells. Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris is very similar to Phakopsora colubrinae which infects Colubrina spp., Rhamnaceae, a native neotropical host genus. The uredinia of both rust species have similar intrasoral paraphyes and a peripheral basal peridium surmounted with numerous incurved short thick-walled, paraphyses-like cells. PHRAGMIDIELLA P. Hennings,

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Bot Jahrb. Syst. 38: 104. 1905. Type species Phragmidiella markhamiae Hennings on Markhamia sansibarensis Schumann, Bignoniaceae, from Ost Usambara, East Africa", Tanzania, Jan 1903, Zimmerman-180. Phakopsoraceae. = Methamyces Mundkur & Thirumalachar, Mycoologia 37: 620. 1945. Type species Phakopsora stereospermi Mundkur, Mycologia 35: 542. 1943 (see note below). = Jacksoniella Kamat & Sathe, in Sathe, Indian Phytopath. 25: 78. 1972. Not Lindquist, 1971. = Thirumalacharella Sathe, Indian Phytopath. 27: 617. 1974. The species of Phragmidiella in the Neotropics are characterized by their minute telia that are subepidermal in origin, early erumpent , and composed of compact vertical rows of one-celled, thin walled, colorless probasidial cells (teliospores) that are laterally free but remain in short to long columns. Teliospore germ pores have not been detected. The spores at the tops of the columns germinate quickly without dormancy resulting in a mass of irregular, collapsed probasidial cells and intermixed metabasidia and basidiospores. Telia are collected infrequently and usually of little help for identifying species. The four species that occur in Brazil can be identified by the more frequently collected anamorph sori. Spermogonia and aecia have not been recorded for any New World species. Aecial sori are reported to be subcuticular in origin. Uredinial sori are of the Macabuna type: subepidermal in origin, spores appear to be sessile, not produced on obvious pedicels but evenescent disjunctor cells associated with the anamorph spores may be seen in some species, spore walls echinulate, and sori usually are surrounded by peripheral paraphyses. The paraphyses are few and hyphoid in a few species but septate, incurved, and thick-walled in others. Buritic (1999) included five species of Phragmidella from the New World. P. aliena (H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Butler) Buritic & Hennen [ Chrysomyxa aliena H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Butler; Cerotelium alienum (H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Butler) Artrhur] is an introduced species from India on cultivated Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) from Puerto Rico. Four others are on Bignoniaceae species from Brazil. Three of these species of Phragmidiella were placed in the genus Cerotelium previously. Phragmidiella cannot be separated from Cerotelium easily. The main difference is that the teliospores of Phragmidiella tend to remain in discrete vertical rows while those of Cerotelium tend to become disconnected from each other and are irregularly arranged in the sori. In an unpublished survey, Buritic included nine other species of Phragmidiella from tropical regions of Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and the Phillipines. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) followed Ramachar and Rao (1981)who considered Metamyces as a separate genus [type: Metamyces stereospermi (Mundkur) Mundkur & Thirumachar ( Phakopsora steriospermi Mundkur) on Steriospermum suaveolens Wall., Bignoniaceae]. Key to help identify species of Phragmidiella in the Neotropics based on anamorph sori (modified from Buritic, 1999). P. bignoniacearum. 1. Sori with no or few short, colorless, non-septate, peripheral paraphyses 2 1. Sori with abundant, long, yellowish, septate, peripheral paraphyses 3 2. Spore walls with short spines more or less uniformily distributed P. paulista. 2. Spore walls with spines mainly on the upper half of the spores P. holwayi. 3. Spore walls thickened apically P. minuta. 3. Spore walls uniformly thin PHRAGMIDIELLA BIGNONIACEARUM (Dale) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 425. 1999. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Cerotelium bignoniacearum Dale, Commonwealth Mycological Institute Papers 59: 3. 1955. TYPE on Cydista aequinoctialis (Linnaeus) Miers from Trinidad, Dropouche, Nov 1949, R. E. D. Baker s.n. Anamorph Macabuna daleae Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 425. 1999. TYPE same as for the teleomorph name. On Bignoniaceae Genus undetermined, Par (Soto, IBI 97-415). Phragmidiella bignoniacearum was reported previously only from Trinidad and Panama. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side, on discolored spots, scattered singly or in small groups, 0.1-0.5 mm across, roundish, pale brown; ruptured

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epidermis noticeable, paraphyses 18-26 x 8-12 m, few, peripheral, wall colorless, verrucose, hymenium flat, uredinisopores 18-28 x 14-20 m, globoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, moderately echinulate, colorless to pale yellow, germ pores obscure. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, 130450 m across, pale brown, composed of vertical rows of 2-8 spores, rows slightly adherent laterally, teliospores (10-)16-18(-22) x 9-13(-15) m, subcuboid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, hyaline. Paraphyses are not abundant and Dale did not report them in the original description. PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic in Buritic & Pardo-Cardona, Rev. Acac. Colombiana Cienc. 20: 189. 1996. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Cerotelium holwayi H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 24: 86. 1932. TYPE on unidentified species of Bignoniaceae from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Jacareipagua, 16 Nov 1921, Holway-1315. ' Jacksoniella holway (H. S. Jackson) Kamat & Sathe, Indian Phytopath. 25: 78. 1972. Not Lindquist, 1971. ' Thirumalachariella holwayi (H. S. Jackson) Kamat & Sathe in Sathe, Indian Phytopath. 27: 617. 1974. Anamorph Macabuna arrabideae (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 19: 60. 1994. ' Uredo arrabideae Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 250. 1896. TYPE on Arrabidea subsericea L. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sept 1887, Ule-692. On Bignoniaceae Arrabidaea subsericea Linnaeus, Arrabidaea conjugata Martius, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings,1896; 250). Genus undetermined, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 86), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 86). Phragmidiella holwayi has been reported also from Colombia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered singly, numerous, 0.2-0.3 mm across, pale cinnanmon-brown, subepidermal in origin, hymenium flat, erumpent, pulverulent, paraphyses numerous, peripheral, 35-60 x 6-15 m, straight to mostly curved, apically sharply pointed, 2-4 septate, basally united, wall irregularly thickened to 6-8 m, yellowish to pale cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 21-28 x 16-19 m, obovoid, wall 1 m thick, thickened above to 4 m, abundantly and finely echinulate, germ pores obscure; telia like the uredinia but waxy, teliospores in vertical rows of 6-8 spores, each spore 15-18 x 12-15 m, cuboid, wall uniformly thin, colorless, smooth, germination without dormancey. Traits that help identify Phragmidiella holwayi include urediniospores with apically thickened walls, and paraphyses 35-60 x 6-15 m, sharply pointed at the apex, 2-4 septate, and with walls thickned irregularly 6-8 m. PHRAGMIDIELLA MINUTA (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 427. 1999. (?/?,IIse/III). ' Cerotelium minutum Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 73: 59. 1922. TYPE on Arrabidea sieberi DeCandolle from Trinidad, La Seiva Valley, 9 June 1921, Thaxter-38. Anamorph Macabuna marnavea Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 427. 1999. TYPE, same as for the teleomorph. On Bignoniaceae Adenocalymna paulistarum Bureau ex Schumann, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 249; IAN538). Arrabidaea conjugata Saint-Hilaire, Rio de Janeiro (Ule-909). Arrabidaea chica Vahl, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 147; IAN-538). Arrabidaea subexerta Bureau & Schumann, Bahia (IBI 79-138). Fredericia speciosa Martius, Minas Gerais (IBI 76-633). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on discolored spots on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered singly or in small groups, 0.1-0.2 mm across, roundish, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, hymenium flat and raised upwards, powdery, paraphyses peripheral, 36-42 x 8-10 m, curved, septate, pointed at apex, wall thickened irregularly 3-4 on the back side, yellowish, urediniospores 18-26 x 13-16 m, obovoid to globoid, wall uniformly 1 m thick, colorless to yellowish, sparingly, prominently, and

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uniformly echinulate, germ pores 3-5, scattered. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.3-0.8 mm across, waxy, yellowish, teliospores 13-16 x 12-14 m cuboid to broadly ellipsoid, wall uniformly 1 m thick, pale cinnamon-brown, smooth, arranged in vertical rows 30-50 m long, including 3-5 teliospores. In the type specimen, the unusually small sori are hidden in the dense pubescence. The paraphyses were not reported (Arthur, 1922: 59). PHRAGMIDIELLA PAULISTA Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 425. 1999. TYPE on Arrabidea chica Vahl from Brazil, So Paulo: Mogi-Guau, Fazenda Sete Lagoas, 29 Sept 1977, J. F. Hennen & M. M. Hennen-77-124. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Macabuna adenocalymmatis (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 23: 425. 1999. ' Uredo adenocalymmatis P. Hennings Hedwigia 35: 249. 1896. TYPE on Adenocalymna sp. paulistanum Bureau ex Schumann from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, April 1888, Ule-90 from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, April 1888, Ule-902. On Bignoniaceae Adenocalymna sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 249). Arrabidea chica Vahl, So Paulo (Buritic & Hennen,1999: 426: IBI-13121). Phragmidiella paulista has been reported also from Paraguay as Uredo adenocalymmatis but the identification of that specimen requires confirmation, otherwise Phragmidiella paulista has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered singly on abaxial side of leaves, often with pale yellow-green leaf spots on adaxial side, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, hymenium flat; paraphyses numerous, peripheral, 23-34 x 6-8 m, curved, 1-septate, apically sharply pointed, wall to 2-4 m thick dorsally, smooth, yellowish; urediniospores 22-26 x 15-18 m, obovoid, wall uniformly ca 1 m thick, minutely and finely echinulate on the upper part of the spore, becoming smooth below, germ pores obscure, probably 4(-5) subequatorial. Telia scattered on the adaxial side of leaves, hemispheric, whitish, subepidermal in origin, teliospores in vertical rows of 5-7 spores, each spore 15-18 x 8-12 m, cuboid, wall less than 1 m thick, colorless, smooth, germination without dormancy. Traits that help identify Phragmidiella paulista include its uredinia with short, apically sharply pointed, one-septate, peripheral paraphyses, and urediniospore walls that lack echinulations on their lower part toward the hilum. PHRAGMIDIUM Link, Mag. Ges. Naturf. FreundeBerlin 7: 30. 1816. TYPE SPECIES: Phragmidium mucronatum (Persoon) Schlechtendahl ( Puccinia mucronata Persoon) on Rosa sp. from Europe. Teliospores usually have three to seven probasidial cells arranged in rows, their walls deeply pigmented, and each cell has two or three germ pores. Teliospore pedicels are hygroscopic in many species and the lower part swells in liquid. Cummins and Hiratsuka (1983) reported that about 60-65 species of Phragmidium are known but not all are distinctive. All are autoecious, mostly long cycle, and infect genera in the Rosaceae, mostly Rosa spp., Rubus spp. and a few on Potentilla spp. The genus occurs mostly in the Northern Hemisphere but one or two species have become widespread on cultivated roses, Rosa spp. Although several species names of Phragmidium have been reported from Brazil on cultivated Rosa spp., probably only one or perhaps two species are involved. These two species are very similar with telia on the abaxial side of leaflets, blackish, pulverulent; teliospores 57-90 x 26-33 m, composed mostly of 6-7 cells, cylindrical to ellipsoid, with an apiculate apex, walls mostly 4-7 m thick, dark chestnut-brown, prominantly coarsely verrucose, 3-4 pores in each cell, pedicel about as long as the spore and swollen in its lower third. Lindquist (1982) separated the two species as follows:

Key to help identify the two species of Phragmidium on Rosa in Brazil 1. Urediniospore walls minutely echinulate with pores only slightly visible.

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Phragmidium mucronatum. This is the most widespread and common species on cultivated roses. 1. Urediniospore walls minutely echinulate with pores scattered, 6-8, easily visible because of the interior hemisphere shapes associated with the pores. Phragmidium tuberculatum. PHRAGMIDIUM MUCRONATUM (Persoon) Schlectendahl, Fl. Berol. 2: 156. 1824. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Phragmidium disciflorum (Tode) James, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 276. 1895. = Phragmidium rosae-pimpinellifoliae Dietel, Hedwigia 44: 339. 1905. = Phragmidium subcorticium (Shrank) Winter in DeToni & Saccardo, Syll. Fung.7: 746. On Rosaceae Rosa sp., Esprito Santo (IBI-2838), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 294; IBI-3654; IBI-2011), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 167), Pernambuco (Pickel, 1936: 212), Rio de Janeiro (Puttemans, 1934: 4), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa-Neto, 1963: 124; IAN710), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 95; Hennings, 1896: 245), So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1889: 102; Hennings, 1896: 245; Puttemans-42; Vigas, 1945: 11; IAC-278; IBI-241. -641; -934). Phragmidium mucronatum is widespread on cultivated roses. It has been reported from Brazil also by the synonyms listed above. Infected plants show yellowish leaf spots on the upper leaf surface but the rust sori occur on the lower leaf surface. The uredinia are usually bright orange yellow but after teliospores form small blackish sori occur. Spermogonia and aecia have not been reported from South America and teliospores are rarely observed in Brazil. Newer varieties of roses cultivated in Brazil are genetically resistant PHRAGMIDIUM TUBERCULATUM J. Mueller, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. 3: 391. 1885. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Phragmidium tuberculatum has not been reported from Brazil but has been from near by Uruguay. Perhaps it is to be expected. Phragmidium disciflorum (Tode) James, see PHRAGMIDIUM MUCRONATUM (Persoon) Schlectendahl. Phragmidium rosae-pimpinellifoliae Dietel, see PHRAGMIDIUM MUCRONATUM (Persoon) Schlectendahl. Phragmidium subcorticium (Shrank) Winter PHRAGMIDIUM MUCRONATUM (Persoon) Schlectendahl. PHYSOPELLA Arthur (anamorph), Rs. Sci. Congr. Internat. Bot. Vienna. p. 338. 1906. TYPE SPECIES: Physopella vitis (Thuemen) Arthur ( Uredo vitis Thuemen). TYPE on Vitis sp. the United States of America, South Carolina: Aiken, 1868, H. W. Ravenel. Sori surrounded by numerous imbricated, incurved paraphyses that arise from an irregular hyphoid base. The hyphoid base does not extend upwards a short distance to surround the basal part of the sorus as in the anamorph Malupa. In mature sori spores appear sessile, spore walls echinulate, germ pores usually obscure, and sporogenous cells are with a distal collar. Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) placed Physopella as a teleomorph genus and as a synonym of Phakopsora. Formerly, they (1983) considered Physopella as a teleomorph genus and segregated from Phakopsora because many of its species, especially those on grasses, have their teliospores arranged one on top of the other to form regular vertical rows, while in Phakopsora the spores are irregularly arranged. But a number of species in this complex have telia that are intermediate between these two arrangements. This, and the similarity of their anamorphs, are the reasons for combining the two genera. However, Ono, Buritic & Hennen (1992) argued that Physopella must now be considered as an anamorph genus name because the type specimen of the type species designated by Arthur is composed only of anamorph (it lacks telia). Arthur explicitely cited an anamorph species, Uredo vitis Thuemen (

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Physopella vitis (Thuemen) Arthur), as the type species. The isotype specimen of Uredo vitis in PUR that Arthur had available to him had no telia. Nomenclature of Physopella Article 59.2 of the ICBN states that the type specimen of a species name must be teleomorphic in order for the name to qualify as a holomorph name, i.e. a teleomorph must be present and described from the type. Article 59.3 states that if the type specimen is not teleomorphic the name must be considered as an anamorph. The presence or absence of a teleomorph in the type specimen of the name and was described determines whether the name is teleomorphic or anamorphic. Ono (2000) reported that Physopella vitis (Thuemen) Arthur ( Uredo vitis Thuemen) is an uredinial anamorph of Phakopsora euvitis Ono on Vitis spp. in East Asia and the United States of America. Other authors (Peterson, 2001; Hiratsuka, 2001) argue that the explicite citation of the type species by Arthur as Uredo vitis Thuemen must (?or may?) be taken as a "formal error" (ICBN Article 59.6) because Arthur intended for the genus to be what we now refer to as a teleomorph genus. Arthur did describe telia even though he did not report the source of the data about the telia. Peterson, Cummins and Hiratsuka believe that the type specimen must be the one that Arthur used to describe telia, not the one that he cited as the type. Cummins and Ramachar (1958) concluded that Arthur's description of telia came from a specimen in PUR labeled "Sydow, Uredineen No. 1327", identified as Phakopsora vitis P. Sydow, and presumably an isotype specimen of Phakopsora vitis P. Sydow. Cummins and Ramachar state that this was the only telial material available to Arthur at that time. Following this reasoning, then, the name of the type species of Physopella as a teleomorph genus becomes Physopella vitis (P. Sydow) Arthur ( Phakopsora vitis P. Sydow), without any reference to Thuemen's name Uredo vitis. The type specimen of Physopella vitis (P. Sydow) Arthur is that specimen in PUR labeled "Sydow, Uredineen No. 1327", identified as Phakopsora vitis P. Sydow. Because that specimen is also an isotype of Phakopsora vitis P. Sydow, the result of this is that Phakopsora vitis P. Sydow becomes a nomenclatural synonym of (it is the basionym of) Physopella vitis (P. Sydow) Arthur. If Physopella is placed as a synonym of Phakopsora, then Physopella vitis (P. Sydow) Arthur becomes a synonym of Phakopsora vitis P. Sydow. The question to be resolved is which Article in the ICBN is to be followed ?: Article 59.2 or 59.6 ? That is, whether the type species of Physopella that was SPECIFICALLY declared by Arthur, Physopella vitis (P. Sydow) Arthur ( Uredo vitis Thuemen), MUST be followed, or that designation of a type species by Arthur MAY (?must?) be designated as a "formal error" and Physopella vitis (P. Sydow) Arthur ( Phakopsora vitis Sydow) becomes the type species. If Physopella is considered to be teleomorphic, then most current authors agree that it should be placed as a taxonomic synonym of Phakopsora. However, Ono et al. (1992), Buritic and Hennen (1994), Buritic (1999), and others have already concluded that it is an anamorph genus and have published more than fifteen anamorph species of Physopella that have specific morphological traits that characterize the anamorph genus. If the final conclusion is that Physopella is a teleomorph genus, then a new anamorph genus needs to be proposed to accomodate these species. Physopella in Brazil In the following list, accepted species names of Physopella that are anamorphs are in bold italic. Physopella nanes that are synonyms of other anamorph genera are in italic. Names of teleomorphs are in BOLD CAPS. Physopella aeschynomenis (Arthur) Arthur, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur]. Physopella apoda Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA APODA (Hariot & Patouillard) Mains. Physopella cameliae (Mayor) Cummins & Ramachar, see PHAKOPSORA CAMELIAE (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen. Physopella cerotelioides (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA ARRABIDAEAE Buritic & Hennen. Physopella cherimoliae (Lagerheim) Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA NEOCHERIMOLIAE Buritic & Hennen.

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Physopella coccolobae (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen,see CEROTELIUM COCCOLOBAE Buritic & Hennen. Physopella compressa (Arthur & Holway) Cummins & Ramachar, see Physopella paspalicola (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Arthur & Holway) Buritic & Hennen]. Physopella concors Arthur, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen (PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur). Physopella fici (Castagne) Arthur, see Malupa fici (Castagne) Buritic (PHAKOPSORA NISHIDANA Ito). Physopella ficicola (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen, see CEROTELIUM FICICOLA Buritic & Hennen. Physopella ficina (Juel) Arthur, see Physopella ficicola (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen (CEROTELIUM FICICOLA Buritic & Hennen). Physopella guettardae Buritic & Hennen, see UREDOPELTIS GUETTARDAE Buritic & Hennen. Physopella ignava (Arthur) Buritic, see Physopella inflexa (Ito) Buritic & Hennen [KWEILINGIA DIVINA (H. Sydow) Mundkur & Kheswala]. Physopella inflexa (Ito) Buritic & Hennen, see DASTURELLA DIVINA (H. Sydow) Mundkur & Kheswala. Physopella jaranae (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen, see CEROTELIUM NUXAE Buritic & Hennen. Physopella jueli (P. Sydow & H. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen , see PHAKOPSORA ROSSMANIAE J. Dianese et al.
Physopella meibomiae Arthur (teleomorph described), see PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur.

Physopella melaena Cummins & Ramachar, see PHAKOPSORA MELAENA H. Sydow. Physopella paspalicola (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Arthur & Holway) Buritic & Hennen. Physopella phakopsoroides Cummins & Ramachar, see PHAKOPSORA PHAKOPSOROIDES (Arthur & Mains) Buritic & Hennen. Physopella rectangulata (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen, see CEROTELIUM RECTANGULATA Buritic & Hennen Physopella sabiceicola (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen, see CEROTELIUM SABICEAE Buritic & Hennen. Physopella tecta (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Azbukina, see PHAKOPSORA TECTA H. S.Jackson & Holway. Physopella tocoyenae Buritic & Hennen, see PHAKOPSORA TOCOYENAE Buritic & Hennen.

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Physopella zeae (Mains) Cummins & Ramachar, see Uredendo zeae (Cummins & Ramachar) Buritic [PHAKOPSORA ZEAE (Mains) Buritic]. Pleoravenelia Long, 1903, Bot Gaz. 37: 127. 24 Feb. 1903. LECTOTYPE: to be chosen. Pleoravenelia is no longer used as a genus. Long defined the genus as having the inner part of the teliospores with two layers of probasidial cells (inner teliospores in a head two-celled) and if aecia present with the morphology of the anamorph genus Aecidium. Pleoravenelia hieronymi (Spegazzini) Long, see RAVENELIA HIERONYMI Spegazzini. Pleoravenelia indigoferae (Tranzschel) Long, see RAVENELIA INDIGOFERAE Tranzschel. Poliotelium H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 20: 124. 1922. TYPE species Poliotelium iresines (Lagerheim) H. Sydow ( Uromyces iresines Lagerheim in P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 3: 227. 1910) on Iresine sp., Amaranthaceae, from Ecuador. The genus Poliotelium is no longer used. Uromyces iresines is probably macrocyclic with both aecia and uredinia having the morphology of the anmorph genus Aecidium. Using the morphological basis for defining life cycle stages and teliospore traits , H. Sydow defined the genus Poliotelium as having in its life cycle only spermogonia, aecia, and telia with the teliospores onecelled, the wall thin, colorless or only pale, with one distinct germ pore, and with the probasidium germinating with little or no dormancy giving rise to the metabasidium. Cummins and Hiratsuka (1983), using the ontological basis for defining life cycles, place Poliotelium as a synonym of Uromyces Poliotelium dolichosporum (Dietel & Holway) Mains, see UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway. POROTENUS Vigas, Bragantia 19: XCVIII (98), 1960. TYPE SPECIES Porotenus concavus Vigas. See Hennen, J. F. and H. M. P. Soto (1996). Spermogonia type 5 or 7. Aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, spores borne singly on pedicels, usually radially asymmetrical, echinulate, pores equatorial or basal, usually on the incurved side. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent; spores as the aeciospores. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent; spores 2-or more-celled by horizontal septa, borne singly on pedicels, each cell germinating by elongation of the apex, with or without a differentiated pore in the wall (Cummins and Y. Hiratsuka (1983). The type species, Porotenus concavus, occurs in Brazil on Memora (Bignoniaceae), attacks leaf blades and stems, often causing hypertrophy and distortion. P. concavus is scarcely separable from Sorataea on Leguminosae. Porotenus has characters in common also with Prospodium, where three species were placed by Cummins, but the teliospores were misfits there... Three species, previously assigned first to Puccinia and then to Prospodium were transferred Porotenus: P. elatipes (Arth. & Holw.) Cummins and Y. Hiratsuka. (Puccinia elatipes Arth. & Holw.), and P. permagnum (Arth. & Holw.) Cummins and Y. Hiratsuka. (Puccinia permagna Arthur & Holway), and P. depallens (Arth. & Holw.) Cummins and Y. Hiratsuka. (Puccinia depallens Arth. & Holw.). Two of the species are macrocyclic and two are microcyclic. The present association may or may not be an improvement The four species of Porotenus so far known to parasitize Memora have telial traits similar. Telia are scattered on the abaxial side of the leaflets, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pulvinate, 0.1-0.5mm across, and cinnamon-brown but become whitish as the spores germinate in situ. The spores are mostly two-celled, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical but often narrowed above, rounded below, somewhat constricted at the septa, and pedicellate; the walls are uniformly 1.0-1.5 m thick, pale cinnamon-brown to nearly colorless, and smooth. Each probasidial cell has one germ pore at its distal end through which a metabasidium emerges on

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germination. Germination occurs without any noticeable dormancy period. Except for some overlapping spore size differences, telial traits are not useful for identifying species of Porotenus on Memora. Variations in anamorph traits are more useful than telia traits for characterizing these species of Porotenus. Sori are considered as aecial if they closely encircle small patches of spermogonia and develop from the same mycelium. In general, spermogonia and aecia are encountered much less frequently than uredinia. Uredinia are randomly scattered singly or in small irregular groups over the abaxial side of leaflets. They are not directly connected to spermogonia. Both aecia and uredinia are subepidermal in origin, become erumpent, with the broken epidermis usually remaining as a partial covering over the sorus. The sori are 0.1-0.5mm across and somewhat powdery. The many loose spores produced in the sorus are chestnut-brown in mass. Each spore breaks off of its pedicel, leaving a definite scar termed a hilum at the proximal end of the spore. Anamorph spores are bilaterally symmetrical or radially asymmetrical, usually with a convex and a concave side. Using anamorph spores, the following key can help identified the four species of Porotenus and one Uredo, that we expect will prove to be a Porotenus species, all on Memora and all from Brazil and French Guiana. Key to help identify Porotenus and Uredo on Memora, Bignoniaceae 1. Pores near the hilum 2 1. Pores on the sides of the spores, more or less equatorial 3 2. Each spore with one pore on its convex echinulate side, the concave side with a smooth patch P. memorae Albuquerque 2. Each spore with two pores, both the convex and concave sides with a smooth patch P. bibasiporulus Hennen & Soto 3. Spore walls more or less evenly strongly echinulate without smooth patches Uredo amapaensis Hennen & Soto 3. Spore walls with one or two smooth patches 4 4. Wall with one smooth patch on the concave side, pores near the edge of the smooth patch P. concavus Vigas 4. Wall with two smooth patches, one on the concave side, one on the convex side, pores in the P. biporus Hennen & Soto echinulate area of the spore POROTENUS BIBASIPORULUS Hennen & Soto, Sida 17: 177. 1996. TYPE on Memora nodosa (Manso) Miers, from Brazil, Gois: between Rialma and Rianopoilis, 15 July 1979, M. M. Hennen & J. F. Hennen-79-182. (?/?,II/III). On Bignoniaceae Memora nodosa (Manso) Miers, Federal District, Gois, Minas Gerais (Hennen & Soto, 1996: 179). Porotenus bibasiporulus has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia on both sides of leaves in small, blackened, hypertrophied areas to more or less 5mm diam; aeciospores similar to urediniospores but averaging 30-35 m long. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, dark brown, urediniospores (31-)34-43(-48) x (14-)18-24(-25) m, mostly ellipsoid and 22-24 m wide with pores in the optical axis, strongly uniform and (14-)17-20 m wide with pores lateral, thus conspicuously radially asymmetrical, wall uniformly 1.5 m thick, chestnut-brown, echinulate except smooth in the pore areas, pores 2, near the hilum. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, cinnamon-brown, felty-pulvinate, spores 2 celled (rarely 3-celled), (40-)45-55(-66) x (15-)18-23 m, mostly nearly cylindrical except constricted at septa, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, smooth, pale golden to nearly colorless, pore apical in each cell, pedicel colorless, thin-walled, to 50 m. Uredo huallagensis P. Hennings (Hedwigia 43:161. 1904), on Memora sp., Tarapoto, PERU, Ule s n., 1902 (in Ules exsiccata, Mycotheca brasiliensis, n. 23) also has 2 basal pores but perhaps is not synonymous, the pigmentation being much paler and the radially asymmetry much less pronounced. POROTENUS BIPORUS Hennen & Soto, Sida 17: 175. 1996. TYPE on Memora flavida (A. DeCandolle) Bureau & K. Schumann from Brazil, Par, near Belm at Mocambo Forest Preserve, 9 July 1979, J. F. Hennen & M. M. Hennen-79-153. (?/?,II/III). On Bignoniaceae Memora spp., Amap, Federal District, Maranho, Minas Gerais, Par, (Hennen & Soto, 1996:

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177). Porotenus biporus has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia on both sides of leaves in small blackened hypertrophied areas to more than 5 mm diam; these may finally fall from the leaf. Aecia arranged around the spermogonia, aeciospores similar to the urediniospores. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, dark brown, urediniospores (31-)34-43(-48) x (14-)18-24(-25) m, mostly ellipsoid and 22-24 um wide with pores in the optical axis, strongly uniform and (14-)17-20 um wide with pores lateral, thus conspicuously radially asymmetrical, reniform with pores in the optical axis, wall uniformly 1.5-2 m thick, dark cinnamon-to light chestnut-brown, echinulate except on part of the concave side near the pores, pores 2, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, brownish, pulvinate, teliospores (36-)40-49 x 17-22 m, oblong-ellipsoid or more or less cylindrical, wall 1-1.5 m thick, pale brownish to essentially colorless, smooth, pore apical in each cell, pedicel thin-walled, colorless, usually broken short, spores germinate without dormancy. POROTENUS CONCAVUS Vigas, Bragantia 19:XCIX. 1960. TYPE on Memora glaberrrima (Chamisso) K. Schumman from Brazil, Minas Gerais: So Joo del Rey, 27 Sept 1948, P. Heringer s.n. (?/?,II/III). On Bignoniaceae Memora flavidula (DeCandolle) Bureau & K. Schumann, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN755). Memora glaberrima (Chamisso) K. Schumann, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1960:XCIX). Porotenus concavus has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia unknown (or not recognized). Uredinia on both sides of leaves closely grouped on distorted parts of the plant, appearing to be locally systemic, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, without paraphyses, urediniospores asymmetrical, (25-)28-35(-40) x (22-)24-26(-28) m with pores in the optical section, ellipsoid, (18-)20-22 m wide with pores in the optical axis, reniform, wall (1.5-)2-2.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown or the concave side paler basally, echinulate except the concave side, pores 2, equatorial or slightly below. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, pale brown, pulvinate, spores variable in length, (48-)53-75(-82) x (14)15-18(-21) m, mostly cylindrical, wall 0.5-1 m thick, smooth, tinted brownish to essentially colorless, each cell germinating apically through a large pore or clearly differentiated area, pedicel slender, colorless, to at least 75 m long but may be broken shorter. It is possible that what are described as uredinia may be aecia but spermogonia, if present, are masked by the profuse sporulation. POROTENUS MEMORAE F. Albuquerque, Pesq. Agrope. Bras. Ser. Agron. 6: 139. 1971. TYPE on Memora consanguinea Bureau & K. Schumman from Brazil, Par: Belm, 12 Aug 1963, F. Albuquerque s.n. (?/?,II/III). On Bignoniaceae Memora allamandiflora Bureau ex Bureau & K. Schumann, Amazonas (PUR-F18821). Memora axillaris Bureau & K. Schumann, Minas Gerais (PUR-F18820). Memora consanguinea Bureau & K. Schumann, Par (Albuquerque,1971: 148; IAN-621). Memora peregrina (Miers) Sandwith, So Paulo (IBI-13816). Porotenus memorae has been reported also from French Guiana. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves in discolored and sometimes slightly hypertrophied areas. Aecia on both sides of leaves around the spermogonia, brown, aeciospores (30-)35-45(52) x (12-)17-21(-23) m, pedicellate, asymmetrical (variably so), mostly ellipsoid in one view, reniform (often strongly curved) in the other view, wall 1.5-2 m thick, near chestnut-brown, echinulate except the concave side, pore 1 near the hilum. Uredinia scattered, otherwise and the urediniospores similar to the aecia. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, pale brownish, teliospores (33-)40-50(-55) x 18-22 m, oblong-ellipsoid or more or less cylindrical, wall 1.5 m thick, slightly thicker at the pores, smooth, nearly colorless, pore apical in each cell; germination occurs without dormancy. PROSPODIUM Arthur, J. Mycol. 13: 31. 1907. TYPE SPECIES: Prospodium appendiculatum (Winter) Arthur ( Puccinia appendiculata Winter, see below). Uropyxidaceae.

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Spermogonia subcuticular in origin, type 7. Aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, aeciospores borne singly on pedicels, mostly echinulate. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent in some species or substomatal in origin then emerging through stomata to sporulate above the leaf surface, i.e. suprastomatal, usually with peripheral paraphyses, the suprastomatal species basket-like with sporogenous cells at the bottom and paraphyses on the rim; urediniospores borne singly on pedicels, mostly echinulate, some radially asymmetrical, the wall simple or with an outer pale, hygroscopic layer, pores 2, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia of the species; or if microcyclic always subepidermal in origin, erumpent and associated with spermogonia, spores 2-celled by horizontal septum, borne singly on pedicels which often are appendaged basally, spore wall usually pigmented, often obviously bilaminate and usually echinulate or verrucose, or in a few species pale or colorless and smooth, germ pore 1 in each cell, metabasidium external. Because all of the nearly 70 species of Prospodium are native to the Americas and more than half of the species occur in Brazil, we include a key and other information about all of the species. Much of the data given here for Prospodium comes from an unpublished monograph of the Uropyxicadeae by Hennen and Cummins. The classic monograph by Cummins (1940) is the starting point for all taxonomic research on Prospodium. All of the Prospodium species are autoecious, most are long cycled, some are microcyclic, and all are native to the Americas. About 60 species infect hosts in the Bignoniaceae and eight species infect Verbenaceae. At least three species reported from Africa, and one from India have been misplaced in Prospodium. In Prospodium aecia are never suprastomatal although the uredinia of the same species may be. Telia of microcyclic species are always subepidermal in origin and erumpent as the aecia of the putative parental species, which may produce suprastomatal telia. Three informal groups of species were recognized by Cummins (1940) based on soral traits and kind of life cycle: 1) Euprospodium - the aecia, uredinia and telia are subepidermal in origin and erumpent, a group of about 30 species; 2) Cyathopsora - the aecia are subepidermal in origin and erumpent, but the uredinia and telia are suprastomatal, a group of about 15 species characterized by a sorus that develops as a minute basket-like or disk-like structure from hyphae that emerge through stomata (suprastomatal). The structure of these suprastomatal sori provides the basis for the anamorph genus Canasta Hennen et al. 3) Nephlyctis - microcyclic, only spermogonia and telia are produced, a group of about 15 species. Despite such apparently divergent morphology as subepidermal versus suprastomatal sori the species obviously are closely related. Three groups of urediniospores have been identified based on structural traits of the walls: 1. walls not two-layered, 2. walls two layered, the outer layer with a circular row of spines or minute rods oriented from pole to pole, these spores termed unicapitate because the ring at the apex of the spore appears as a little cap when a spore is oriented with the ring in the optical axis, and 3. wall two layered the outer layer similar to number 2 but the ring divided at the apex of the spore to form a crown-like sculpture. This trait is referred to as bicapitate in the older literature because the crown appears as two caps when a spore is oriented with the ring in the optical axis. The aecia are never suprastomatal although the uredinia of the same species may be. About half of the species are characterized by teliospores with pedicels that have appendages that presumably function to help disperse the spores by attaching to minute arthropods. Four species of Prospodium have teliospores with smooth walls: P. aequinoctialis on Cydista from West Indies; P. cumminsii on Amphilophium from Venezuela; P gentryi on Parmentiera from Central America, and Florida; P. laevigatum on Mansoa from Brazil; and P. venezuelanum on ? Tabebuia from Venezuela.

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Number of species of Prospodium on different host genera of Bignoniaceae in the Americas and Brazil Genus Americas Brazil Genus Americas Brazil 1. Amphilophium 5 1 11. Parmentiera 1 0 2. Anemopaegma 4 2 12. Pithecoctenium 6 2 3. Arrabidaea 3 1 13. Pleonotoma 3 1 4. Clytostoma 2 2 14. Pyrostegia 2 1 5. Couralia 1 0 15. Sparattosperma 1 0 6. Cremastus 1 1 16 Stizophyllum 2 1 7. Cydista 2 0 17. Tabebuia 9 5 8. Lundia 2 2 18. Tecoma 7 2 9. Mansoa 4 1 19. Tynanthus 1 0 10. Memora 2 0 20. Undetn. 4 5 21. Cuspidaria 1 22. Bignonia 1 Number of species of Prospodium on different genera of Verbenaceae in the Americas Genus Americas Brazil 1. Alloysia (Lippia) 6 4 2. Lantana 1 1 HOST GENUS/PROSPODIUM SPECIES INDEX OF SPECIES REPORTED FROM BRAZIL Each species name is followed by its author(s), host genus, host family, and abreviations indicating supposed life cycles, some morphological traits, and if known only from the type, or if known only from Brazil. EXPLANATION OF ABREVIATIONS: 1. Ontogenic life cycle stages are in parentheses ( ) : 0/ = spermogonia; /I, = aecia; ,II/ = uredinia; /III = telia; -/ OR /- = stage not produced; ?/ = stage unknown but probably produced. All stages for a species that are known may not all be known from Brazil. 2. Morphology: Anamorph spores: c = catenulate, p = pedicellate, e = echinulate, re = reticulate, v = verucose, s = sessile. 3.. KOFT = known only from the type (names). KOFB = known only from Brazil (names). 3C = known from three cerrados in Sao Paulo (names). BIGNONIACEAE Amphilophium PROSPODIUM PITHECOCTENII (Pazschke) Cummins, also on Pithecoctenium (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anemopaegma PROSPODIUM ANEMOPAEGMATIS (P. Hennings) Cummins (0/I,?/III). Euprospodium, unicapitate. PROSPODIUM EVERNIUM H. Sydow (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, unicapitate. KOFT Arrabidaea PROSPODIUM ARRABIDAEAE H. S. Jackson & Holway (0/-,-/III) Nephlictis. Bignonia (? Macfadyena) PROSPODIUM BIGNONIACEARUM (Spegazzini) Cummins (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, subcoronate. Clytostoma PROSPODIUM BIGNONIACEARUM (Spegazzini) Cummins also on Bignonia (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, subcoronate. PROSPODIUM SINGERI Petrak (0/Ipe,?IIpe/III) Euprospodium. Cremastus PROSPODIUM CREMASTUM H. S. Jackson & Holway (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. KOFT Cuspidaria Prospodium festivum H. Sydow only an anamorph Lundia PROSPODIUM CYATHIFORME Cummins (0/I,II/III) Cyathiform, Unicapitate. PROSPODIUM LUNDIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway (0/-,-/III). KOFT Mansoa PROSPODIUM LAEVIGATUM Hennen & Soto (0/I,?/III) Cyathopsora. KOFT

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Pithecoctenium PROSPODIUM HOLWAYI H. S. Jackson (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium, coronate. PROSPODIUM PITHECOCTENII (Pazschke) Cummins (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Pleonotoma PROSPODIUM ANOMALUM H. S. Jackson & Holway (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium, coronate. 3C Pyrostegia PROSPODIUM IMPOLITUM H. S. Jackson & Holway (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) Cyathopsora. KOFB Stizophyllum PROSPODIUM STIZOPHYLLI H. S. Jackson & Holway (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. KOFB, 3C Tabebuia Canasta tabebuiae (Kern) Soto & Hennen PROSPODIUM BICOLOR F. A. Ferreira and J. Hennen (0/I,II/III) Cyathopsora, unicapitate. PROSPODIUM PALMATUM H. S. Jackson & Holway on Tecoma (?/?,II/III). KOFB PROSPODIUM TABEBUIICOLA Hennen & Cummins, sp nov. var. TABEBUIICOLA (?/?,II/III) Cyathoform, coronate. PROSPODIUM TABEBUIICOLA Hennen & Cummins, sp nov. var.MELGACENSIS Soto & Hennen var. nov. on Tabebuia, (?/?,II/III) Cyathoform, coronate. PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) Cyathiform, unicap (0/I,II/III). 3C Tecoma PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur, var APPENDICULATUM (0/I,II/III) Euprospodium, unicapitate. 3C PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. Genus undetermined PROSPODIUM AMAPAENSIS Hennen & Soto (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, coronate. KOFT PROSPODIUM ANOMALUM H. S. Jackson & Holway on Pleonotoma (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium, coronate. 3C PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATOIDES (P. Hennings) Cummins (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium, coronate. PROSPODIUM COMPRESSUM (Dietel) Cummins (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins on Tecoma (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. VERBENACEAE Lantana PROSPODIUM TUBERCULATUM (Spegazzini) Arthur (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium.. 3C Lippia PROSPODIUM LIPPIAE (Spegazzini) Arthur (?/?,II/III). PROSPODIUM PARAGUAYENSE (Spegazzini,) Spegazzini (?/?,II/III). 3C PROSPODIUM PERUVIANUM (P. Sydow & H. Sydow. ) Arthur (?/?,II/III). PROSPODIUM VONGUNTENII (Mayor) Dietel on (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium. Alphabetical list of species of Prospodium reported from Brazil (all on Bignoniaceae unless marked on Verbenaceae) 1. PROSPODIUM AMAPAENSIS Hennen & Soto on unidentified Bignoniaceae (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, coronate. KOFT 2. PROSPODIUM ANEMOPAEGMATIS (P. Hennings) Cummins on Anemopaegma (0/I,?/III). Euprospodium, unicapitate. 3. PROSPODIUM ANOMALUM H. S. Jackson & Holway on Pleonotoma (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium, coronate. 3C 4. PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATOIDES (P. Hennings) Cummins on unidentified Bignoniaceae (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium, coronate. 5. PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur, var APPENDICULATUM on Tecoma (0/I,II/III) Euprospodium, unicapitate. 3C 6. PROSPODIUM ARRABIDAEAE H. S. Jackson & Holway on Arrabidaea (O/-,-/III) Nephlictis. 7. PROSPODIUM BICOLOR F. A. Ferreira and J. Hennen on Tabebuia (0/I,II/III) Cyathopsora,

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unicapitate. 8. PROSPODIUM BIGNONIACEARUM (Spegazzini) Cummins on Bignonia (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, coronate. 9. PROSPODIUM BRACHYPODUS Hennen & Cummins on Pithecoctenium (0/I,-/III). KOFT 10. PROSPODIUM COMPRESSUM (Dietel) Cummins on undetermined Bignoniaceae (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. 11. PROSPODIUM CREMASTUM H. S. Jackson & Holway on Cremstus((O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. KOFT 12. PROSPODIUM CYATHIFORME Cummins on Lundia (0/I,II/III) Cyathiform, Unicapitate. 13. PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins on Tecoma (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. 14. PROSPODIUM EVERNIUM H. Sydow on Anemopaegma (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, unicapitate. KOFT 15. PROSPODIUM HOLWAYI H. S. Jackson on Pithecoctenium (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium, coronate. 16. PROSPODIUM IMPOLITUM H. S. Jackson & Holway on Pyrostegia (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) Cyathopsora. KOFB 17. PROSPODIUM LAEVIGATUM Hennen & Soto on Mansoa (0/I,?/III) Cyathopsora. KOFT 18. PROSPODIUM LIPPIAE (Spegazzini) Arthur on Lippia, Verbenaceae (?/?,II/III). 19. PROSPODIUM LUNDIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway on Lundia (0/-,-/III). KOFT 20. PROSPODIUM PALMATUM H. S. Jackson & Holway on Tecoma (?/?,II/III). KOFB 21. PROSPODIUM PARAGUAYENSE (Spegazzini,) Spegazzini on Lippia (?/?,II/III). 3C 22. PROSPODIUM PERUVIANUM (P. Sydow & H. Sydow. ) Arthur on Lippia (?/?,II/III). 23. PROSPODIUM PITHECOCTENII (Pazschke) Cummins on Pithecoctenium (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). 24. PROSPODIUM SCITULUM Hennen & Cummins, sp. nov., in edit. on Tabebuia (0/I,II/III) Cyathopsora, coronate. 25. PROSPODIUM SINGERI Petrak on Clytostoma (0/Ipe,?IIpe/III) Euprospodium. 26. PROSPODIUM STIZOPHYLLI H. S. Jackson & Holway on Stizophyllum (O/-,-/III) Nephlyctis. KOFB, 3C 27. PROSPODIUM TABEBUIICOLA Hennen & Cummins, sp nov. var. TABEBUIICOLA on Tabebuia (?/?,II/III) Cyathoform, coronate. 28. PROSPODIUM TABEBUIICOLA Hennen & Cummins, sp nov. var.MELGACENSIS Soto & Hennen var. nov. on Tabebuia, (?/?,II/III) Cyathoform, coronate. 29. PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway on Tabebuia (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) Cyathiform, unicap (0/I,II/III). 3C 30. PROSPODIUM TUBERCULATUM (Spegazzini) Arthur on Lantana, Verbenaceae (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium.. 3C 31. PROSPODIUM VONGUNTENII (Mayor) Dietel on Lippia, Verbenaceae (?/?,II/III) Euprospodium. Key to help identify the species of Prospodium (all in the Neotropics, all on Bignoniaceae or Verbenaceae) A Euprospodium aecia, uredinia and telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, species on Verbenaeceae. B Euprospodium aecia, uredinia and telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, species on Bignoniaceae. C Cyathopsora aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, uredinia and telia suprastomatal, usually basket-like, all species on Bignoniaceae. D Nephlyctis microcyclic, only spermogonia and telia, species on Verbenaceae E Nephlyctis microcyclic, only spermogonia and telia, species on Bignoniaceae A Euprospodium: species on Verbenaeceae. 1. P. tumefaciens (Alloysia, Argentina). 1. Teliospore wall verrucose or pseudoreticulate 1. Teliospore wall echinulate or verrucose-echinulate. 2. Teliospore pedicel with obvious basal appendages. 2. P. vonguntenii (Lippia, Brazil, Colombia). 3. Appendages simple or little branched 3. Appendages conspicuously branched. 4. Teliospores mostly 46-53 m long 3. P. tuberculatum (Lantana, Neotropics). 4. Teliospores mostly less than 45 m long 5. Teliospores mostly 41-45 x 28-32 m 4. P. lippiae (Lippia, Brazil, Paraguay). 5. P. paraguayensis (Lippia, Brazil, Paraguay). 5. Teliospores mostly 35-42 x 23-26 m 2. Teliospore pedicel unadorned or usually so.

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6. Urediniospores 22-26 x 19-25 m, spines spaced 2.5-3.5 6. P. perodiosum (Lippia Brazil, Uruguay). 6. Urediniospores 20-24 x 18-20 m, spines spaced 3-4 m 7. P. peruvianum (Lippia, Brazil, Peru). B Euprospodium: species on Bignoniaceae. 1. Urediniospore wall simple, non-laminate (See below for 2'nd and 3'rd number 1 choice) 2. Teliospore wall simple, non-laminate. 3. Teliospore wall smooth 8. P. aequinoctialis (Cydista, West Indies). 3. Teliospore wall echinulate. 4. Teliospore finely echinulate, pedicel usually broken near spore 20. P. memorae (Memora, Peru). 4. Teliospores strongly echinulate, pedicel persistent 9. P. singeri (Clytostoma, Brazil, Uraguay, Argentina). 2. Teliospore wall bilaminate with pale outer layer. 10. P. pithecoctenii (Pithecoctenium, Neotropics). 5. Teliospore pedicel with warted basal area 5. Teliospore pedicel with basal appendages. 6. Urediniospores 24-30 x 20-25 m, wall 2-3 m thick 11. P. amphilophii (Pithecoctenium, see P. cordobense, Mexico). 6. Urediniospores 21-24 x 16-20 m, wall 1.5-2 m thick 12. P. cordobense (Pithecoctenium, Amphilophium, Argentina, Mexico). 1. Urediniospore wall bilaminate, unicapitate. 13. P. appendiculatum (Tecoma, Neotropica). 7. Teliospore pedicel with 3 or more whorls of appendages 7. Teliospore pedicel with fewer appendages. (see below for 3rd choice). 8. Teliospores mostly 40-45 m long wall 3-4 m thick. 9. Lower teliospore pore next to hilum 14. P. aculeatum (Tecoma, Ecuador). 9. Lower teliospore pore midway or above 15. P. abortivum (Tecoma, West Indies, Central America). 8. Teliospores shorter, wall thinner. 10. Teliospores 34-42 m long; urediniospores 31-35 m long 16. P. araguatum (?Tabebuia, Venezuela). 10. Teliospores less than 38 m long; urediniospores less than 30 m long. 11. Teliospore wall bilaminate 17. P. tynanthi (Tynanthus, Bolivia). 11. Teliospore wall simple 18. P. medusae (Pithecoctenium, Paraguay). 7. Teliospore pedicel simple, without basal appendages. 19. P. anemopaegmatis (Anemopaegma, Brazil). 12. Lower pore of teliospore next to the hilum 12. Lower pore of teliospore 1/3 or more above hilum. 13. Teliospores conspicuously, sparsely echinulate 20. P. mexicanum (Tecoma, Mexico) . 13. Teliospores finely echinulate. 14. Teliospores mostly 38-42 m long. 21. P. memorae (Memora, Peru). 15. Urediniospores mostly 24-27 m long 15. Urediniospore mostly 34-39 m long 22. P. fimbriatum (Pleonotoma, Brazil). 14. Teliospores mostly 37-48 m long 23. P. laevissimum (Anemopaegma, Pyrostegia, Paraguay, Trinidad, Belize). 1. Urediniospore bilaminate, coronate (bicapitate) 16. Teliospore wall simple or obscurely bilaminate. 24. P. holwayi (Pithecoctenium, Brazil). 17. Teliospore pedicel always broke short 17. Teliospore pedicel persistent, usually long. 18. Teliospores mostly 28-34 m long 25. P. appendiculatoides (host undetermined, Brazil) 18. Teliospores mostly more than 40 m long. 19. Aculeae superficial on outer urediospore wall 26. P. cydistae (Cydista, Guatemala). 19. Aculeae embedded in matrix of outer wall 27. P. anomalum (Pleonotonum, Brazil). 16. Teliospore wall obviously bilaminate. 28. P. irregulare (Pleonotoma, Trinidad). 20. Teliospore wall rugose 20. Teliospore wall echinulate 29. P. praeclarum (host undetermined, Ecuador). C Cyathopsora: all species on Bignoniaceae 1. Urediniospore wall simple, not laminate, see two more choices below 2. Teliospores vertically septate, diorchidoid 30. P. vertiseptum (Amphilophium, Mexico). 2. Teliospores horizontally septate 31. P. cumminsii (Amphilophium, Venezuela). 3. Teliospore wall smooth, pedicels to 350 m long

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3. Teliospore wall echinulate, pedicels to 50-65 m long 4. Urediniospores 24-28 m long, paraphyses dark brown 32. P. bahamense (Tabebuia, Bahamas). 4. Urediniospores 32-37 m long, paraphyses golden brown 42. P. evernium (Anemopaegma, Brazil). 1. Urediniospore wall bilaminate, unicapitate 5. Teliospores smooth, colorless, septum vertical, telia without paraphyses 33. P. gentryi (Parmentiera, Guatemala, Mexico, Florida). 5. Teliospores echinulate or verrucose, septum horizontal. telia with paraphyses. 6. Teliospore pedicel breaking near hilum 7. Sori long, trumpet-like, to 200 m or longer 34. P. tubaeformis (Tabebuia, Brazil). 7. Sori shorter, merely dish or cup-like 35. P. cyathiforme (Lundia, Brazil). 6. Teliospore pedicel long. persistent 36. P. bicolor (Tabebuia, Brazil, Trinidad). 8. Teliospores of two size classes and colors 8. Teliospores relatively uniform in sizes and color 9. Teliospore pedicels with 3-5 whorls of appendages 37. P. perornatum (Tabebuia, Argentina, Mexico). 9. Teliospore pedicels with 1 or 2 whorls. 10. Teliospores mostly 36 m long or shorter. 11. Urediniospores mostly 22-26 m long 38. P. palmatum (Tabebuia, Brazil). 39. P. tecomicola (Tabebuia, Brazil, Honduras). 11. Urediniospores mostly 30-35 m long 10. Teliospores mostly 38 m long or longer. 12. Umbo over teliospore pores poorly defined 40. P. plagiopus (Tabebuia, Tabebuia, West Indies, Florida) 12. Umbo over teliospore pores conspicuous. 13. Urediniospores mostly 28-33 m long 41. P. impolitum (Pyrostegia, Brazil) 42. P. evernium (Anemopaegma, Brazil) 13. Urediniospores mostly 32-37 m long 1. Urediniospore wall bilaminate, coronate (bicapitate) 14. Teliospores mostly 46-54 m long, verrucose 43. P. couraliae (Couralia, Costa, Rica, Belize, Mexico). 14. Teliospores mostly less than 45 m long, echinulate or smooth 15. Teliospores echinulate. 44. P. tabebuiicola (Tabebuia, West Indies). 16. Teliospore pedicel unadorned 16. Teliospore pedicel with some appendages basally. 17. Appendages unbranched, short, few 45. P. bignoniacearum (? Bignonia sp., Paraguay). 17. Appendages branched, in 2 or 3 whorls 46. P. scitulum (Tabebuia, Brazil). 15. Teliospores smooth. 18. Teliospores mostly 28-35 x 17-21 m 47. P. laevigatum (Mansoa, Brazil). 48. P. venezuelanum (Tabebuia, Venezuela). 18. Teliospores mostly 24-30 x 19-23 m D Nephlyctis: species on Verbenaceae 49. P. conjunctum (Lippia, Guatemala). E Nephlyctis: on Bignoniaceae. 1. Teliospores obviously rugose-reticulate 50. P. stizophylli (Stizophyllum, Brazil). 1. Teliospores with verrucae often united in short series 51. P. cremastum (Cremastus, Arrabidaea, Brazil). 1.Teliospores echinulate, aculeate, or verrucose-echinulate. 2. Teliospore septum typically vertical. 52. P. perelegans, (Amphilophium, Paraguay). 3. Teliospore wall simple, spores 27-33 m long 3. Teliospore wall bilaminate, spores 37-44 m long 53. P. haplophylli (Amphilophium, Peru). 2. Teliospore septum typically horizontal. 4. Wall simple or bilamination obvious only at septum and over the pores. 5. Umbos over pores scarcely differentiated. 54. P. elegans (Tecoma, Argentina, Peru). 6. Spores mostly 35-43 m long 6. Spores mostly 28-33 m long 55. P. transformans (Tecoma, Cent. Amer., West Indies, Florida). 6. Teliospores 31-43 x 22-30 m ?55A. P. compressum (Undetermined, Brazil). 5. Umbos over pores clearly differentiated. 56. P. trinidadense (Mansoa, Trinidad). 7. Umbos smooth 7. Umbos echinulate or as the remainder of spore.

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8. Pedicel usually adorned basally, to 45 m long 8. Pedicel unadorned, broken short. 9. Infection causing deformation of branches, leaves 9. Infection not causing obvious distortion. 10. Spores mostly 32-37 m long 10. Spores mostly 37-44 m long 4. Wall typically bilaminate throughout. 11. Spores of two size classes 11. Spores of a single size class. 12. Wall sculpture tending to merge in ridges 12. Wall sculpture echinulate. 13. Pedicel to 45 m long, adorned basally 13. Pedicel broken short, unadorned. 14. Echinulae spaced 2-2.5 m 14. Echinulae spaced 3-7 m 57. P. mansoae (Mansoa, Brazil). 58. P. destruens (unidentified, Brazil). 59. P. minasense (Sparattosperma, Brazil). 60. P. lundiae (Lundia, Brazil). 61. P. arrabidaeae (Arrabidaea, Brazil). 51. P. cremastum (Cremastus, Arrabidaea, Brazil). 57. P. mansoae (Mansoa, Brazil). 62. P. puttemansii (Pithecoctenium, Brazil). 63. P. costaricensis (Stizophyllum, Panama, Costa Rica).

Species of Prospodium on Tabebuia reported from Brazil PROSPODIUM BICOLOR F. A. Ferreira & J. Hennen (0/I,II/III) Cyathopsora, unicapitate. Brazil PROSPODIUM SCITULUM Hennen & Cummins, sp. nov., in edit. (0/I,II/III) Cyathopsora, coronate. Brazil PROSPODIUM TABEBUIICOLA Hennen & Cummins, sp nov. var. TABEBUIICOLA (?/?,II/III) Cyathoform, coronate. Brazil PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) Cyathiform, unicap (0/I,II/III). 3C Brazil KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PROSPODIUM ON TABEBUIA IN THE AMERICAS 1. Uredinia and telia not suprastomatal nor basket- nor nest-like but breaking through the epidermis; known only from the type on Bignoniaceae, ? Tabebuia sp. (Venezuela) 1. P. araguatum Kern & Thurston. 1.Uredinia and telia suprastomatal, basket- or nest-like 2 2.Urediniospore wall not bilaminate nor capitate; known only from the type on T. bahamensis 2. P. bahamense Arthur. (Bahamas) 3 2. Urediniospore wall bilaminate, either apically bi- or unicapitate 4 3.Urediniospore wall apically unicapitate 8 3. Urcdiniospore wall apically bicapitate 4. Telospore pedicels with 3-5 whorls of branched appendages; on T. avellanedae (the type, Argentina), T. chrysantha and T. palmeri (Mexico) 3 P. perornatum H. Sydow 4. Teliospore pedicels with 0-2 whorls of dichotomously branched, irregularly palmate, or 5 globoid appendages 5. Teliospores (38-)40-47(-49) x (27-)30-33(-35) iun; wall 4-7 m thick, not bilaminate; on T. guayacan (U.S.A., Florida), T. lepidota (the type) and T. sauvalei (Cuba), and T. lucida 4. P. plagiopus (Mont.) Arthur (Puerto Rico) 5. Teliospores 27-36(38) x 20--27(-28) m, walls l--4(-5). m thick except P. couraliae, bilaminate 6 or not 6. Teliospores usually a mixture of darker and sligbtly larger chestnut-brown and lighter and slightly smaller golden-brown ones; wall not bilaminate; aculeae distinct and more widely spaced; pedicels with (0-)1-2 whorls of short irregularly dichotomously branched appendages, on T. serratifolia (Trinidad and Brazil) 5. P. bicolor A. Ferreira & J. Hennen 6. Teliospores mostly uniformly chestnut-brown; wall bilaminate, especially at pores and septum; outer layer paler, aculeae closely spaced or merging to pseudoreticulations; 7 pedicel with (0-)1-2 pairs of irregular knob- or palm-likce appendages 7. Teliospore walls more or less evenly echinulate, usually obviously bilaminate throughout; outer

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layer pale brown to nearly hyaline; inner layer chestnut-brown; pedicel with a pair of irregularly echinulate or toothed protaberancaer, on T. alba (Brazil), T. heterochicha (Honduras), T. ochracea (Brazil, Paraguay, the type, Venezuela), T. serratifolla (Brazil), and 6. P. tecomicola (Spegazzini) H. S. on undetermined T. sp. (Brazil) Jackson & Holway 7. Teliospore walls echinulate, verrucose-rugose, to pseudoreticulate, obviously bilaminate only over the pores and at the septum; pedicel with a pair of palmate or digitately enlarged app known only on T. aff. rufescens (Brazil, type from Poas de Caldas, MG.) 7. P. palmatum H. S. Jackson & Holway 8. Teliospores 46-54 um long; wall verrucose, 4-5 pm thick on sides, not laminate; pedicel 45-75 m long, with (0-) 1-2 whorls of appendages; on T. pentaphylla (Mexico, 8. P.couraliae H. Sydow Belize, Costa Rica, type 8. Teliospores 23-43 m long; wall 2--4 m thick; pedicels less than 45 rn long, without 9 appendages 9. Teliospores echinulate, 33-43 m long; wall bilaminate; pore apical in the upper cell and next to the pedicel in the lower cell; on T. pentaphylla (Puerto Rico, type), and T. platyantha 9. P. tabebuiicola Cummins & Hennen, ined. (Dominican Republic) (P. tabebuae Kern, an illegitimate binomial based on a. uredinial.anamorph). 9. Teliospores smooth, (23-)24--30(-34) um long; wall not laminate; pores apical in each cell; known only from the type on T. pentaphylla or T. hypolepra (Venezuela) 10. P. venezuelanum Kern

PROSPODIUM AMAPAENSIS Hennen & Soto, Sida 17: 180. 1996. TYPE on unidentified woody vine genus of Bignoniaceae from Brazil, Amap: ca 10 km W of Mazago, ca 40 km SW of Macap, 14 Nov 1987, Hennen & Soto-87-120. (?/?,II/III) Cyathopsora, coronate. Prospodium amapensis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered on adaxial side of leaflets, suprastomatal, 0.20.5mm across, brown, pulverulent; sori composed of a circular basal peridium surmounted with paraphyses around the margin, paraphyses 31-40 x 6-9 m; urediniospores 21-30 x 19-29 m; globoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, yellowish-brown incompletely two-layered, the outer layer forming a longitudinal ring of irregularly interconnected spines, the ring divides distally to form a low crown (Cummins & Hiratsuka 1983, use the term "bicapitate" for this trait). The area of the lateral walls between the ring has widely spaced spines and two equatorial and opposite germpores. Telia like the uredinia but light chestnut brown; teliospores 37-47 x 24-29 m, broadly ellipsoid, broadly rounded above and below, with a small umbo above and slightly constricted at the septum; wall evenly 2-3 m thick, ehinulate with echinulae irregularly and widely spaced with echinulae sometimes basally interconnected; pore apical in upper cell and near the pedicel in the lower cell; pedicel usually with appendages and broken near spore. Prospodium amapensis belongs to a group of six other species of Prospodium that are characterized by urediniospores that have an apical corona [ coronate (bicapitate)] and the uredinial and telial sori are suprastomatal and basket-like. Teliospores have cell walls that are light chestnut-brown, have widely spaced echinulae that are sometimes interconnected basally, and pedicels that are usually without appendages. Prospodium amphilophii (Dietel & Holway) Arthur. Jackson (1932) reported this species from several collections on Pithecoctenium sp. made by Holway from Brazil but Cummins (1940) reidentified all of them as Prospodium pithicoctenii. Prospodium amphilophii is now regarded as a synonym of Prospodium cordobense (P. Hennings) Cummins and has been reported only from Argentina and Mexico. PROSPODIUM ANEMOPAEGMATIS (P. Hennings) Cummins, Lloydia 3: 30. 1940. (0/I,?/III). Euprospodium, unicapitate. ' Puccinia anemopaegmatis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 2. 1908. TYPE on Anemopaegma prostratum DeCandolle from Brazil: So Paulo: March 1903, Puttemans-682. On Bignoniaceae

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Anemopaegma prostratum DeCandolle , So Paulo(Cummins, 1940: 30; IBI-3713; Puttemans682). Prospodium anemopaegmatis has been reported only from two collections, both made in the early 1900's in So Paulo. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. The sori associated with spermogonia had both teliospores and anamorph spores. The latter are assumed to be aeciospores. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, few in groups. Aecia not seen but aeciospores present in the telia (28-)30-37(-40) x (26-)28-32(-35) m with pores in face-view, variable but mostly globoid or obovoid, wall bilaminate, the outer layer unicapitate, colorless, 2.5-3.5(-4) m thick, aculeate with embedded bacilliform papillae or rods, the inner wall 2.5-3 m thick, near chestnut-brown, pores 2 equatorial in slightly flattened, sparsely echinulate sides that lack the outer wall. Uredinia not seen and probably not produced. Telia on both leaf surfaces and on fruits, surrounding the spermogonia, subcuticularin origin, cinnamonbrown, with occasional colorless, flexuous, thick-walled paraphyses; teliospores variable in size, mostly (32)36-44(-48) x (22-)24-29 m, oblong-ellipsoid, not or scarcely constricted at septum, wall non-laminate but somewhat paler toward the exterior, 2.5-3 m thick at sides, chestnut-brown, 4-6(-7) m and more or less colorless over pores, echinulate with small, low cones spaced (2-)2.5-3.5(-4.5) m, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell next to hilum, each under a colorless or pale brownish umbo, pedicel colorless, typically broken at a septum about 12 m below the hilum, unadorned. PROSPODIUM ANOMALUM H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 87. 1932. TYPE on Pleonotoma tetraquetra (Chamisso) Buureau, reported originally as unidentified Bignoniaceae and later probably Memora sp., Brazil, So Paulo: Mogi das Cruces, 4 July 1922, Holway-1997. (?/?,II/III). Euprospodium, coronate On Bignoniaceae Pleonotoma tetraquetra (Chamisso) Bureau, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 87; Cummins,1940: 37; IBI-16651). Prospodium anomalum has been reported also from Venezuela, and has been reported from four collections from So Paulo State, Brazil. Cummins (1940) reported the host questionably as Memora, but recently the late A. Gentry determined it as Pleonotoma tetraquetra. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, becoming erumpent, cinnamon-brown, with colorless, thin-walled, straight or usually incurved, peripheral paraphyses;urediniospores (28-)30-33 x (27-)28-33 m with pores face view, wall bilaminate, the outer colorless layer mostly 3-4 m thick, coronate (bicapitate), with embedded bacilliform papillae or rods, inner wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial in flattened, smooth sides. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown; teliospores (38-)40-46(-48) x (26-)28-31(-33) m, oblong-ellipsoid, not or only slightly constricted at septum, wall (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) m thick at sides, echinulate-verrucose with small, low cones or verrucae spaced (1.5-)2-3.5 m or often joined by fine lines and often tending to be seriately arranged, chestnut-brown, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell next to hilum, each with a pale or colorless, low, 1.5-2 m thick, inconspicuous umbo, pedicel to about 65 m long, usually with a single pair of short, branched appendages and also some extensions at base, rarely unadorned. PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATOIDES (P. Hennings) Cummins, Lloydia 3: 41. 1940. (?/?,II/III). Euprospodium, coronate. ' Puccinia appendiculatoides P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 186. 1904. TYPE on unidentified Bignoniaceae from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-miry, July 1901, Ule-2909. Prospodium appendiculoides has been reported only from the badly hyperparasitized type specimen. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia and telia heavily parasitized. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, with few thin-walled, colorless, peripheral paraphyses; urediniospores 25-29 x 20-24 m with pores face-view, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall bilaminate, the outer layer 1-1.5 m thick, unicapitate, echinulate with more or less completely embedded echinulae, inner layer 1.5 m thick, pale cinnamon or golden, pores 2, equatorial, in smooth areas. Telia as the uredinia but dark brown; teliospores 28-34 x 21-24 m, oblong-ellipsoid, slightly or not constricted at septum, wall inconspicuously bilaminate, the outer layer usually visible only at septum and over pores, about chestnut-brown, verrucose-echinulate with small cones spaced (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) m, pores of upper cell apical,

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of lower cell next to hilum, each with a small, smooth, colorless umbo, pedicel to about 50 m long, with 1 pair of simple or divided appendages or unadorned. PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur, var APPENDICULATUM Jour.Mycol. 13: 31. 1907. (0/I,II/III). Euprospodium, unicapitate. Puccinia appendiculata Winter, Flora 14: 4. 1884. TYPE on Tecoma sp., reported originally as unidentified Bignoniaceae, Mexico. E. Kerber Ad folia viva Bignoniaceae (?) cujusdam e Plantis mexicanis. ' Dicaeoma appendiculata (Winter) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3: 467. 1898. = Puccinia ornata Harkness, Proc. California Acad. II. 2: 231. 1889. TYPE: on Tecoma stans (Linnaeus) Jussieu ex Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth from Mexico, Baja California, Comondu, 1889, Brandegee s. n. Not Puccinia ornata Arthur & Holway in Arthur, 1887 on Rumex orbiculatus. ' Puccinia medusaeoides Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 16: 226. 1891. Nom. nov.for Puccinia ornata Harkness. ' Puccinia tecomae Saccardo & P. Sydow in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 14: 358. 1899. Nom. nov. for Puccinia ornata Harkness. Anamorph Uredo cuticulosa Ellis & Everhart, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa 4: 67. 1896. TYPE on Tecoma sp., reported originally as Bignonia sp. from Nicaragua, place, date and colector not available. This anamorph is for both aecia and uredinia. = Uredo lilloi Spegazzini Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 234. 1898. Lectotype on Tecoma stans from Argentina, Tucumn, Jan 1895, Spegazzini-s.n. Puccinia cuticulosa (Ellis & Everhart) Arthur, Mycologia 9: 83. 1917. Telia not described. On Bignoniaceae Tecoma stans Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Minas Gerais (Santos et al., 1999: 268), Rio de Janeiro (Santos et al., 1999: 268), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 138), So Paulo (IBI-17142.). Prospodium appendiculatum var. appendiculatum is widespread from Argentina to the southern United States of America. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves and on stem and fruit galls. Aecia surrounding the spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, cinnamon-brown, with paraphyses; aeciospores similar to urediniospores but 24-34 x 21-26 m and with outer wall 5-9 m thick. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pulverulent, small, pale cinnamon-brown, with peripheral, incurved, short, colorless paraphyses, 28-40 m long, ventral wall 1 m thick, dorsal wall 2.5-4 m thick; urediniospores (21-)23-26 x (20-)22-24(-25) m, including outer wall, radially asymmetrical, unicapitate, mostly globoid with pores lateral, outer wall (2.5-)3-4 m thick, colorless, uniformly echinulate, echinulae spaced 2-4 m, inner wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m, golden or cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial, in the flattened sides with only a thin layer of the outer wall except at apex and base. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown; teliospores (40-)43-53(-57) x (23-)25-30(-32) m, oblong ellipsoid, only slightly constricted at septum, wall at sides (3-)3.5-4.5 m thick, 6-9 m over pores, chestnut-brown, not laminate, echinulate with cones spaced (3-)4-7(-8) m, pore apical in upper cell, next to pedicel in lower cell, each with a paler umbo; pedicel colorless, thick walled, mostly 60-90 m long, with 4 or 5 conspicuous whorls of appendages with less developed ones below. Tecoma spp. are often cultivated as ornamental shrubs for their bright yellow flowers and may be damaged by heavy infections of this rust, especially by the gall forming spermogonial and aecial stages. PROSPODIUM ARRABIDAEAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia24: 89. 1932. not Vigas, 1945. TYPE on Arrabidaea sp. from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 1 Dec 1921, Holway-1354. (0III). Nephlictis. On Bignoniaceae Arrabidaea sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 89; Cummins, 1940: 69), So Paulo (IBI-14204). Prospodium arrabidaeae has been reported only from the collections from Minas Gerais and So Paulo states. The species differs from P. cremastum especially because the echinulae on the teliospores are discrete whereas those of P. cremastum are mostly united by narrow ridges in pseudoreticulate patterns.

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Spermogonia on both sides of leaves and caulicolous. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia on both sides of leaves, confluent in a ring around the spermogonia or caulicolous and causing witches brooms and distortion of shoots, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; teliospores of two more or less distinct size classes, (29-)33-40 x 24-28(-30) m or 25-30 x 19-22 m, both broadly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, slightly constricted at septum, wall bilaminate, the outer layer discrete, most obvious at septum and over pores, yellowish to nearly colorless, inner wall 2-3 m thick, clear chestnut-brown or dark golden brown, usually paler in the small spores, echinulate or verrucose-echinulae, the cones discrete and spaced mostly 2.5-4 m, pore in upper cell apical, in lower cell near pedicel; pedicel usually broken about 8-15 m below spore apparently at a septum or fracture zone, sometimes with small lateral process above the fracture. Prospodium arrabidaeae Vigas, see DIPYXIS VIEGASII (Joerstad) Cummins & J. W. Baxter. PROSPODIUM BICOLOR F. A. Ferreira and J. Hennen, Mycologia 78: 795. 1986. TYPE on Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nichols fronm Brazil, Minas Gerais: Viosa, Federal University, 16 June 1979, J. F. Hennen, M. M. Hennen & F. A. Ferreira-83-354. (0/I,II/III). Cyathopsora, unicapitate. Anamorph Prospodium suppressum Arthur, Mycologia 14: 13. 1922. Based on an aecial anamorph. The name needs to be transferred to an anamorph genus. On Bignoniaceae Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nichols, Minas Gerais (Hennen et al., 1986: 795). Prospodium bicolor was reported also from Trinidad. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, closely grouped on the plane leaf surface or hypertrophied areas of the blade and veins. Aecia around or among the spermogonia, becoming extensively confluent, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; aeciospores mostly 26-30 x 20-28 m, globoid or nearly so with pores in face view, ellipsoid when pores are lateral, wall bilaminate, the inner layer 1-1.5 m thick, about golden brown, smooth, the outer layer unicapitate, 3-5 m thick, colorless, absent over the pores, aculeate with columnar or conodial aculeae that originate in the colorless layer, forming a fringe-like halo when pores are in face-view but mostly an apical cap when pores are lateral, pores 2, equatorial in flattened sides of the spore. Uredinia not seen, urediniospores similar to the aeciospores occasional with teliospores. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, superstomatal, cyathiforme with a basal, golden brown peridial cup 50-80 m diam, surmounted by cylindrical or slightly tapered paraphyses 11-20 m long and 2-7 m wide at base; teliospores of 2 more or less distinct kinds, larger, 29-36 x 21-25 m with chestnut-brown wall and smaller, 27-32 x 20-22 m, with golden brown wall, both kinds strongly aculeate with cones 1.5-3 m high, usually lacking in the septal area, pore apical in upper cell, near the pedicel in lower cell, obscure; pedicel 30-50 m long, 3-5 m wide, with 13 (rarely no) whorls of dichotomously branched appendages; the golden spores germinating without dormancy. The chestnut-brown spore probably require dormancy before germination. PROSPODIUM BIGNONIACEARUM (Spegazzini) Cummins, Lloydia 3: 58. 1940. (?/?,II/III). Cyathopsora, subcoronate. ' Puccinia bignoniacearum Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 26: 11. 1888. TYPE on ? Clytostoma callystegioides reported originalkly as an unidentified Bignonia sp. from Paraguay, Guarapi, Oct 1883, Balansa-3932. Anamorph Uredo bignoniacearum Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 26: 14. 1888. TYPE on ? Clytostoma callystegioides reported originally as an unidentified Bignonia sp from Paraguay, Guarapi, Oct 1883, Balansa-4029. On Bignoniaceae ? Clytostoma callystegioides (? Bignonia sp.), Guarapi, Paraguay (Spegazzini, 1888: 11;Cummins, 1940: 58). Prospodium bignoniacearum has been reported from Paraguay and Uruguay. See below for discussion of confusion about this species. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia unknown but urediniospores in telia (few seen) (24-)2630(-32) x 24-27(-29) m with pores face view, globoid, wall bilaminate, coronate (bicapitate) , the outer layer colorless, 1.5-3 m thick, golden or pale cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial in smooth, somewhat flattened sides. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, grouped, brown, superstomatal, the peridial base yellowish

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to golden brown surmounted by incurved, somewhat flexuous, concolorous, peripheral paraphyses; teliospores (32-)35-40(-42) x (22-)24-26(-27) m, oblong ellipsoid, only slightly constricted at septum, wall inconspicuously bilaminate, the outer layer 1 m or less and usually obvious only at septum and over pores, echinulate with low cones spaced (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) m, inner wall 2-2.5 m thick, chestnut-brown or dark golden, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell next to hilum, each under a low, colorless umbo, pedicel to about 40 m long, more often about 20 m, with a few digitate appendages basally or unadorned. P. & H. Sydow (1902), Cummins (1940), and Lindquist and Rosengurtt (1967) reported that the type specimen of Prospodium bignoniacearum was from Guarapi, Brazil. Spegazzini (1888) and Farr (1973) reported the place as Guarapi, Paraguay. In any case, this species may be expected to occur in Brazil but new collections are needed to clarify its taxonomy and determine if this rust still occurs in Paraguay, Uruguay, or Brazil. Cummins (1940) also reported the confusion that developed because the type material contained two rust species, the macrocyclic one described above and a microcyclic species that was too badly hyperpasrasitized for correct identification. The host was reported originally as an undetermined Bignoniaceae, but Lindquist and Rosengurtt (1967) reported the host of their specimen from Uruguay as Bignonia speciosa Hooker, which is a synonym of Clytostoma callistegioides Perhaps this species, which is a widely cultivated ornamental woody vine, is the host of the type.

PROSPODIUM COMPRESSUM (Dietel) Cummins, Lloydia 3: 58. 1940. (0/III). Nephlyctis. ' Puccinia compressa Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 5: 245. 1907. not Arthur & Holway, 1925. TYPE on undetermined Bignoniaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Ipiranga, 21 Aug 1905, Usteri s. n. . On Bignoniaceae Genus undetermined, So Paulo (Cummins, 1940: 65). Prospodium compressum has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, subcuticular, becoming displaced by the telia. Telia on both sides of leaves, around the spermogonia, confluent in groups 1-3 mm across or more extended on the veins to 5 mm long, dark cinnamon-brown, powdery, surrounded by the upturned cuticle; teliospores 31-43 x 22-30 m, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, rounded at both ends or somewhat narrowed below, slightly constricted at the septum; wall 2.5 m thick, scarcely laminate or at least the outer semi-colorless layer visible only at septuim, cinnamon-brown, moderately papilose echinulate, the pore apical in the upper cell, at the pedicel in the lower cell, without discernible papillae; pedicel shorter than spore, fragile, colorless, unadorned (Cummins, 1940). Cummins (1940) was doubtful about this species because of the fragmentary host material to work with that could not be identified. Prospodium concinum H. Sydow, see PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway. PROSPODIUM CREMASTUM H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 89. 1932. TYPE on Cremstus sceptrum Bureau & K. Schumann from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, 24 Nov 1921, Holway-1331. (O/-,-/III). Nephlyctis. On Bignoniaceae Cremastus sceptrum Bureau & K. Schumann, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 89; Cummins, 1940: 69). Prospodium cremastum has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia not seen, probably formed but displaced early by telia. Telia apparently systemic, in local growth from buds, confluent over entire branchlets, pulverulent, about cinnamon-brown; teliospores (27)31-38(-44) x (20-)22-24(-26) m, mostly oblong-ellipsoid, slightly constricted at septum, wall bilaminate, the outer layer discrete and especially conspicuous over the pores and at the septum, yellowish to colorless, the inner wall 2-2.5(-) m thick, from golden brown to chestnut-brown, irregularly verrucose-echinulate the echinulae separate or commonly united by fine ridges to form incomplete reticulae or short series, pore apical in upper cell, near pedicel in lower cell, each covered by a low, colorless umbo; pedicel usually broken 10-20 m below spore but may attain 30 m and have small, lateral processed basally. E Nephlyctis: on Bignoniaceae.

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1. Teliospores obviously rugose-reticulate 50. P. stizophylli Stizophyllum, Brazil). 1. Teliospores with verrucae often united in short series 51. P. cremastum (Cremastus, Arrabidaea, Brazil). 1.Teliospores echinulate, aculeate, or verrucose-echinulate. Other species of Prospodium, series Nephlictis. PROSPODIUM CYATHIFORME Cummins, Lloydia 3: 55. 1940. TYPE on Lundia sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Tremembe, 30 May 1922, Holway-1908. (0/I,II/III). Cyathiform, Unicapitate = Prospodium lundiae H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 91. 1932. In part. On Bignoniaceae Lundia sp., So Paulo (Cummins, 1940: 55). Puccinia cyathiforme has been reported only from the type collection. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves in small groups. Aecia on both sides of leaves on slightly hypertrophied areas, surrounding or displacing spermogonia, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, with some scattered paraphyses as those of the uredinia; aeciospores (28-)30-38(-40) m diam including fringe, globoid with pores face-view, ellipsoid and unicapitate with pores lateral, wall bilaminate, the outer colorless layer fringe-like with embedded bacilliform rods (2.5-)4-6(-6.5) m thick inner wall 1.5-2 m thick, near chestnut-brown, pores 2, equatorial in flattened, smooth sides. Teliospores may occur in the aecia (see below). Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or few in a group, pale cinnamon-brown, suprastomatal, cyathiform with basal pale golden peridium surmounted by concolorous, peripheral, incurved, often geniculate, thick-walled paraphyses to 70 m long;urediniospores similar to the aeciospores but the inner wall paler. Telia suprastomatal as the uredinia; teliospores 31-38 x 24-28 m broadly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, indistinctly or not bilaminate, the wall 2.5-3 m thick, chestnut-brown, finely and distantly verrucose-echinulate (teliospores in the aecia mostly 35-44(-46) x 24-(-33) m, wall 2.5-4 m thick, often appearing smooth, especially basally, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell near pedicel, each with a pale, low umbo; pedicel septate about 5 m below spore, breaking at septum (Cummins, 1940). Jackson (1932) reported two Holway collections (1563 and 1908)as Prospodium lundiae. Cummins (1940) proposed that one of these collections, 1908, was a microcyclic derivitive and kept it as P. lundiae H. S. Jackson & Holway. Cummins (1940) named the other collection, 1563, Prospodium cyathiforme which is macrocyclic but apparently of variable life cycle as indicated by the production of teliospores in the aecia. Prospodium lundiae appears to have more or less stabilized as a microcyclic species, even though s few aeciospores re found in the telia, and doubtless is derived from P. cyathiforme. No microcyclic species has suprastomatal sori although some, as P. lundiae, doubtless are reduced cycle derivatives of suprastomatal species. PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins, Lloydia 3: 67. 1940. (0III). Nephlyctis. ' Puccinia elegans Schroeter, in Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 238. 1896. TYPE on Tecoma stans Linnaeus from Argentina, Catamarca: Chacrarita de los Padres, 21-24 Nov 1872, G. Heironymus & Lorentz s.n.. ' Nephlyctis elegans (Schroeter) Arthur, J. Mycol. 13: 32. 1907. = Puccinia hymenochaetoides P. Hennings, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 226. 1907. = Prospodium manabii R. Berndt, Mycologia 90: 518. 1998. TYPE. on leaves and petioles of sterile Bignoniaceae, probably Tecoma sp. from Ecuador, Manabi, 8 March 1993, R. Berndt s.n On Bignoniaceae Tecoma stans., So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 354). Prospodium elegans has been reported also from Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador. The identification of Prospodium elegans from Brazil needs to be confirmed. The teliospores are larger and have a thicker wall than those of other microcyclic species of Prospodium. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves on plane leaves, or on distorted leaves and branches, or on galls on the fruit, becoming displaced by telia. Telia around spermogonia on plane leaves or among and displacing them on distorted areas, where they may cover extensive areas, dark cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; teliospores oblong-ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, only slightly constricted at septum, (30-)35-43(-46) x (20)22-28(-30) m, wall 3-4(-5) m at sides, 4-6(-7) m over pores, not laminate, clear chestnut-brown or dark golden-brown, echinulate with cones spaced (2.5-)3-5 m, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell near pedicel, each in a slightly paler, thickened area or less commonly a defined umbo; pedicel broken about 12-15 m below spore at a discrete fracture zone or septum, sometimes with small appendages at the fracture zone.

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Prospodium erinaceum Sydow, see PROSPODIUM PALMATUM H. S. Jackson & Holway. PROSPODIUM EVERNIUM H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 30: 93. 1932. TYPE on Anemopaegma chamberleynii (Sims) Bureau & K. Schumann from Brazil, Paran: Jaguariahyva, 27 Sept 1911, P. Dusn-13039. (?/?,II/III). Cyathopsora, Unicapitate. On Bignonaceae Anemopaegma chamberlaynii (Sims) Bureau & K. Schumann, Paran (Cummins, 1940: 45). Prospodium evernium has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. The large sori and conspicuous (to 100 m long) brownish or golden paraphyses are distinctive. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia unknown; urediniospores in telia (28-)32-37(-40) x (26)28-34(-36) m and globoid or broadly ellipsoid with pores face view, wall bilaminate, unicapitate, the outer layer 1-2.5 m thick, colorless, aculeate with embedded aculeae but the matrix often dissolving so that the wall appears to be simple, aculeae spaced (1.5-)2-3.5 m, inner wall 2-3 m, cinnamon-brown or golden, pores 2, equatorial in smooth, somewhat flattened sides. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, superstomatal but stipe 30-60 m wide, broadly cyathiform, with long, brownish, flexuously incurved, thick-walled, peripheral paraphyses surmounting the basal peridial cup; teliospores (38-)42-49(-55) x (25-)28-30(-33) m, oblongellipsoid, only slightly constricted at septum, wall discretely but inconspicuously bilaminate, the outer layer obvious only at septum and as 2.5-4 m thick umbos over the pores, inner layer 2.5-4 m thick, chestnutbrown, verrucose-echinulate with low broad cones spaced (2-)3-4 m, pore apical in upper cell, next to hilum in lower cell, pedicel to 65 m long but usually about 50 m, sometimes adorned but usually with a pair of knob-like or lobed appendages near the base. Prospodium festivum H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 30: 94. 1932. TYPE on Cuspidaria corymbifera (Vahl) Baillon from Brazil, Paran: Jaguariahyva, 28 Oct 1910, P. Dusn-10606. This name is only for an anamorph and needs to be transferred to an anamorph genus. (0/I,?/?). On Bignoniaceae Cuspidaria corymbifera (Vahl) Baillon, Paran (Cummins, 1940: 74). Cuspidaria pterocapea DeCandolle, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 455). PROSPODIUM HOLWAYI H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 24: 90. 1932. TYPE on Pithecoctenium sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Taipas, 7 Feb 1922, Holway-1541. (?/?,II/III). Euprospodium, coronate. On Bignoniaceae Pithecoctenium sp., probably P. crucigerum (Linnaeus) A. Gentry, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 90; Cummins, 1940: 42). Prospodium holwayi has been reported only from type and one other collection from the type area. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, small, without paraphyses, pale cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 22-26 m and globoid with pores face view, wall bilaminate, coronate (bicapitate) , the outer layer mostly 2 m thick, colorless, with embedded bacilliform rods or papillae but the matrix may dissolve partly or wholly, inner wall about 1.5 m thick cinnamon-brown or golden, pores 2, equatorial in smooth flattened sides. Telia as the uredinia except dark cinnamon-brown; teliospores 32-37(-40) x (20-)22-26 m, elongately ellipsoid or oblongellipsoid, often diorchidioid, constricted at septum, wall 1.5-2 m thick, pale chestnut-brown except for a low (to 3 m thick) colorless umbo over pores, finely echinulate with low cones spaced 2-3(-4) m, sometimes tending to be in lines, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell next to hilum or in diorchidioid teliospores, both pores terminal, pedicel colorless, unadorned, usually broken about 8-12 m below hilum at a fracture zone. PROSPODIUM IMPOLITUM H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 90.1932. TYPE on Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers from Brazil, So Paulo: Juquery, 12 June 1922, Holway1958. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) Cyathopsora. On Bignoniaceae Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers (Pyrostegia ignea (Velloso) K. Presl is a synonym), Minas Gerais (Cummins, 1940: 48; IBI-16289;Thurston, 1940: 295), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI1235), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 90; Cummins, 1940: 48; IBI-2991; Puttemans-1548).

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Prospodium impolitum has been reported only from Brazil. Although Jackson (1932) reported Haplolophium, Stizophyllum, Tynanthus and unidentified genera of Bignoniaceae as hosts, Cummins (1940) reported all of these to be Pyrostegia spp. Spermogonia few in a group. Aecia on both sides of leaves, surrounding the spermogonia, with a few scattered paraphyses; aeciospores similar to urediniospores. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, grouped, cinnamon-brown, superstomatal, with a basal peridium about golden brown surmounted by abundant, conspicuous, dorsally thick-walled, incurved, peripheral paraphyses to 90 m long; urediniospores with pores face-view (26-)28-33(-35) x (24-)28-30(-32) m, globoid or obovoid, wall bilaminate, the outer layer 2-3.5 m thick, unicapitate, aculeate on all surfaces with cones or rods partially embedded except on pore-bearing sides where superficial, inner layer 1.5-2.5 m thick, chestnut-brown or dark cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial in somewhat flattened, aculeate sides. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown; teliospores (35-)38-42(-44) x (25-)27-30 m, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, not or scarcely constricted at septum, wall nonlaminate, (1.5-)2.5-3.5(-4) m thick, chestnut-brown, echinulate-verrucose with broad cones or verrucae spaced (3-)3.5-5(-6) m, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell next to hilum, each under an often smooth, colorless or pale brownish umbo 2.5-4 m thick, pedicel to about 60 m long with 1 pair of branched appendages one-half to two-thirds toward base and usually some smaller and simpler extension at base. We have about 30 collections of Prospodium impolitum, all on Pyrostegia venusta, in IBI from Sao Paulo state which indicates that this rust is not uncommon The host is a very widespread woody vine from northern Argentina to Florida in The United States of America where it is cultivated. . But the rust has been reported only from Brazil. Its bright red-orange flowers are well known in Brazil as Flor de So Joo PROSPODIUM LAEVIGATUM Hennen & Soto, Sida 17: 182. 1996. TYPE on Mansoa kererae (Aublet) A. Gentry, Bignoniaceae, from Brazil, Par: Belm, Mocambo forest preserve, 9 July 1979, J. F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen-79-153A. (0/I,?/III) Cyathopsora. Prospodium laevigatum has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, few in a group. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves opposite the sprermogonia, confluent in a more or less circular group, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; aeciospores mostly 21-24 x 20-23 m, globoid or essentially so, the inner wall clear chestnut-brown, the outer lay, absent over the pores, beset with bacilliform papillae forming a complete halo when pores are in face view, but showing only as two caps or ears laterally from the apex, pores 2, equatorial in the smooth sides. Uredinia not seen, perhaps not produced. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered superstomatal, cyathiform with a basal, yellowish peridial cup 40-55 m diam, the rim of the cup with low knobs (scarcely paraphyses); teliospores mostly 28-35 x 17-21 m, oblong-ellipsoid and strongly constricted at septum, the cells nearly globoid, wall uniformly 1.5 m thick golden or clear cinnamon-brown, with a low lenticular, colorless umbo over each pore, smooth, pore apical in upper cell, at septum in low cell; pedicel thin-walled, colorless, fragile, about 25 m long; germination occurs without dormancy (Hennen & Soto, 1996). Prospodium laevigatum is the only species of Prospodium in the cyathopsora group that has coronate (bicapitate) anamorph spores and smooth teliospores. Only four other species of Prospodium have teliospores with smooth cell walls. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. PROSPODIUM LIPPIAE (Spegazzini) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 161. 1912. (?/?,II/III). Puccinia lippiae Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 224. 1899. TYPE on Lippia lycioides from Argentina, La Plata, Jan 1889, C. Spegazzinis.n. On Verbenaceae Lippia sp., So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 35; IBI-17824). Prospodium lippiae has been reported also on Aloysia and Lippia and also from Argentina to Central America and Mexico (Cummins, 1940). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, cinnamon-brown or somewhat darker, with cylindrical, nearly straight, thin-walled, colorless, peripheral paraphyses 30-40 m long;urediniospores (23-)24-28(-32) x (20-)22-26(-28) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or globoid, wall 1.5-2.5(-3) m thick, sometimes slightly thicker apically, simple, cinnamon-brown or less commonly near chestnut-brown, uniformly echinulate, echinulae spaced 2.5-3(-4) m, pores 2, equatorial in slightly or not flattened sides. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown, teliospores (38-)4145(-50) x (26-)28-32(-33) m, broadly ellipsoid, wall scarcely bilaminate, chestnut-brown (3-)3.5-4.5(-5) m thick at sides, 4-6 m over pores with a pale, differentiated umbo, echinulate, echinulae spaces 2-5 m, pore apical in upper cell, next the pedicel in lower cell; pedicel to about 65 m long, thin-walled, colorless,

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adorned on the lower half with 2-4 whorls of branched or simple appendages, the upper ones more elaborate and longer than the lower ones, pedicel often slightly rugose basally. PROSPODIUM LUNDIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 91.1932. TYPE on Lundia nitidula DeCandolle from Brazil, So Paulo: Santo Amaro, 16 Feb 1922, E.W. D. Holway1563. (0/i-,-/III). On Bignoniaceae Lundia nitidula DeCandolle, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 91; Cummins, 1940: 68). Prospodium lundiae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. The life-cycle appears to be variable as indicated by the aeciospores in the telia, but is basically microcyclic. Teliospores have septate pedicels as do most microcyclic species of Prospodium. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, in small groups. Aecia and uredinia not produced but aeciospores (?) sparingly present in telia, (28-)33-40(-44) m diam with pores face-view, strongly flattened on pore-bearing sides thus seldom seen with pores lateral, unicapitate, inner wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, near chestnut-brown, outer layer colorless, 3-5 m thick, fringe-like with bacilliform rods in a matrix, pores 2, equatorial. Telia encircling spermogonia, dark cinnamon brown, pulverulent, with straight or flexuous, thickwall, colorless paraphyses 6-10 m wide; teliospores (33-)37-44(-50) x (20-)23-28(-30) m (smaller teliospores usually present in small numbers), oblong-ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, slightly or not constricted at septum, wall lamination none or indistinct, wall 2-3(-3.5) m thick, mostly chestnut-brown, verrucoseechinulate with cones spaced 2.5-3.5(-4) m, pore apical in upper cell, near pedicel in lower cell, each with a low, colorless umbo; pedicel septate 4-8 m below spore, breaking at septum, colorless. Prospodium oblectum H. Sydow, see PROSPODIUM SINGERI Petrak. PROSPODIUM PALMATUM H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 92.1932 (January). TYPE on Tecoma alba Chamisso, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Poos de Caldas, 10 April 1922, Holway-1722. (?/?,II/III). = Prospodium erinaceum Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 30: 92. 1932 (March). TYPE on Tabebuia sp., mistakenly reported originally as Tecoma leucoxylum Martius var. longissima Kraenzl from Brazil, Paran: Carvalho, 18 Nov 1909, P. Dusn s.n. On Bignoniaceae Tabebuia rufescens J.R. Johnston, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 92; Cummins, 1940: 54), Paran (Sydow, 1932: 92; Cummins, 1940: 54). Prospodium palmatum has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, pale cinnamonbrown, suprastomatal, cyathiform, 40-60 m diam, peridium about golden brown, the surmounting paraphyses concolorous or nearly colorless, erect or incurved, cylindrical, 5-7 m wide, to 40 m long, apex rounded or somewhat pointed; urediniospores mostly 22-26 m diam with pores face-view, ellipsoid with pores lateral, 15-18 m wide, wall conspicuously bilaminate, the inner layer 1.5-2 m thick, golden brown, the outer layer 3-5 m thick, colorless, fringe-like with bacilliform rods in a matrix, unicapitate, pores 2, equatorial in strongly flattened, smooth sides. Telia as the uredinia but chestnut-brown; teliospores (29-)3236(-38) x 22-26 m broadly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, slightly or not constricted at septum, wall bilaminate, the outer layer discrete but obvious only at septum and over pores, inner wall 2.5-3 m thick, verrucose-echinulate with discrete cones spaced 2-4 m or these often united in a series or even in a pseudoreticulate pattern, the arrangements variable, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell near pedicel, each under a low, pale to colorless, low umbo; pedicel to 55 m long, colorless, thick-walled, adorned basally with opposite palmately branched appendages or the base enlarged and digitately divided. PROSPODIUM PARAGUAYENSE (Spegazzini,) Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot.1: 104. 1925. (?/?,II/III). ' Puccinia paraguayensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 26: 11.1888. TYPE on Lippia urticoides Steudel from Paraguay, Paraguari, ? Aug 1883, Balansa-3930. = Prospodium wulffiae Thurston, Mycologia 32: 295. 1940. TYPE on Lippia sp., mistakenly

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identified originally as Wulffia maculata (Ker.) DC., Compositae, from Minas Gerais: Viosa, 12 April 1933, Mueller-456. Anamorph Uredo paraguayensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 26: 14. 1888. TYPE on Lippia sp. Steudel from Paraguay, Paraguari, ? Oct 1883, Baslansa-3930. On Verbenaceae Lippia urticoides Steudel, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 295; IBI-16337; Hennen & Figueiredo, 1981: 353), So Paulo (IBI-14720). Prospodium paraguayensis has been reported only from Brazil and Paraguay. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pale cinnamon-brown, with inconspicuous, cylindrical, thin-walled paraphyses; urediniospores 2126 x 18-20 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, golden or pale cinnamon-brown, uniformly echinulate with echinulae spaced 2-3.5 m, pores 2, equatorial in not or scarcely flattened sides. Telia as the uredinia but dark brown, pulverulent; teliospores (32-)35-42(-44) x (20-)23-26(-29) m, oblong-ellipsoid, slightly constricted at septum, wall not bilaminate, 2.5-3.5 m thick at sides, chestnut-brown, but with pale umbos 4-6 m thick over pores, strongly echinulate with broad cones spaced (2-)3-4.5(-6) m, pore apical in upper cell, near pedicel in lower cell, each with a conspicuous umbo; pedicel to 45 m long, colorless, with a pair of branched appendages about midway and sometimes also basally or the lower portion simple and somewhat inflated. PROSPODIUM PERUVIANUM (P. Sydow & H. Sydow. ) Arthur, Estac. Exper. Agrc. Soc. Nac. Agr. Lima. Bol. 2: 5. 1929. (?/?,II/III). ' Puccinia peruviana P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 308. 1902. TYPE on Lippia urticoides Steudel from Peru, Tarapoto, 1855-1856, R. Spruce s.n. Prospodium peruvianum (P. Sydow & H. Sydow. ) Cummins, Lloydia 3: 19. 1940. This combination was made earlier by Arthur. = Puccinia mariae Jackson, Mycologia 24: 64. 1932. TYPE on Lippia sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Prata, 9 Apr 1922, Holway-1719. (?/?,II/III). On Verbenaceae Lippia sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 64; Cummins 1940: 19). Prospodium peruvianum has been reported also from Argentina and Peru. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, yellowish, brown, with small, cylindrical, peripheral paraphyses; urediniospores (17-)20-24(-26) x (15-)18-20(-22) m, mostly obovoid, wall simple, 1.5-2 m thick, pale golden brown, uniformly echinulate with spines spaced 3-4 m, pores 2, equatorial, with slight caps. Telia as the uredinia but blackish brown; teliospores (30-)33-38(-40) x (22-)24-27(-29) m, oblong-ellipsoid, very slightly constricted at septum, not discretely bilaminate by paler outward, clear chestnut-brown, (2.5-)3-4(-5) m, verrucose-echinulate with cones spaced (3-)4-5(-6) m, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell near pedicel, each under a pale umbo, pedicel colorless, breaking at a septum or fracture zone 12-22 m below hilum, unadorned or with small, abortive appendages basally. Prospodium piracicabanum Vigas, see PROSPODIUM STIZOPHYLLI H. S. Jackson & Holway. PROSPODIUM PITHECOCTENII (Pazschke) Cummins, Lloydia 3: 25. 1940. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). ' Puccinia pithecoctenii Pazschke, Hedwigia 30: 199. 1891. TYPE on Pithecoctenium sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, July 1884, Ule-sn. On Bignoniaceae Amphilophium paniculatum (Linnaeus) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Paran (Cummins, 1940: 25), Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1940: 25), So Paulo (Cummins, 1940: 25). Pithecoctenium cordifolium Martius, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 2940: 302). Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacquin) K. Schumann, Paran (Cummins, 1940: 25). Pithecoctenium hexagonum DeCandolle, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 41). Pithecoctenium sp., Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96; Hennings, 1896: 232; Cummins, 1940: 25), Brazil (Pazschke, 1891: 199). Prospodium pithecoctenii has been reported also from Argentina, Central America, Mexico, and the West Indies.

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Spermogonia on both sides of leaves in small groups. Aecia on both sides of leaves, encircling the spermogonia as a confluent ring, cinnamon-brown; aeciospores pedicellate, essentially as the urediniospores. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown, with colorless, incurved, thin-walled paraphyses 30-45 m long; urediniospores (18-)20-23(-25) x (16-)18-20 m, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall pale golden 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate with echinulae spaced 2-2.5(-3) m, less conspicuous basally, pores 2, equatorial in slightly flattened sides under very low cuticular caps. Telia as the uredinia but about chocolate-brown; teliospores (28-)30-37(-39) x (21-)24-28 m, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, wall bilaminate, inner wall 2-2.5 m, chestnut-brown, outer wall discrete, 1-2(2.5) m thick, nearly colorless, echinulate, echinulae spaced (2-)3-4(-5) m, pore apical in upper cell, near pedicel in lower cell, with only inconspicuous or no umbos, pedicels to 60 m, simple or the basal area rugose, or with a few wart-like protrusions, or the base enlarged. Prospodium pseudo-zonatum Vigas, see PUCCINIA SANGUINOLENTA P.Hennings. PROSPODIUM SCITULUM Hennen & Cummins, sp. nov., in edit. TYPE on Tabebuia rosea-alba (Ridley) Sandwith from Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul: Coxim, about 4 km SE of Rio Verde Fishing Camp on Rio Verde, 16 April 1983, J. F. Hennen, Mary M. Hennen & R. Antunes 83-170. (holotype at IBI, isotype at BRIT). (0/I,II/III). Cyathopsora, coronate. Prospodium scitulum is has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia on both sides of leaves in small slightly hypertrophied areas, finally dropping from the leaf, to old to describe otherwise. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, brown, suprastomatal, 4575 m diam, consisting of a cellular basal cup surmounted by incurved, brown, thick-walled, mostly acuminate paraphyses 20-40 m long,urediniospores coronate (bicapitate) , (20-)22-24(-25) x (18-)19-22 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid with pore face view, triangularly obovoid with pores lateral, wall bilaminate, the outer wall colorless 2-2.5 m thick, very inconspicuous between the bacilliform rods, inner wall 1.5 m thick, dark cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial in the smooth, flattened sides. Telia as the uredinia, teliospores (30-)35-40(-42) x (20-)24-26(-28) m, broadly ellipsoid, wall laminate when immature but lamination obscure except over pores when mature, chestnut-brown except a pale umbo over pores, echinulate with cones spaced 2.5-4 m, pore apical in upper cell, next to the pedicel in lower cell, pedicel 30-60 m long, thick-walled, bearing 1-3 well-developed whorls of appendages and some much reduced ones basally, rarely unadorned. Specimens examined: in addition to the type, one other specimen: on ? Tabebuia sp., Brazil, So Paulo: 15-20 km S of Pereira Barreto, 15 July 1988, J. F. Hennen & R. M. Lopez-Franco 88-542. PROSPODIUM SINGERI Petrak, Sydowia 10: 296. 1956(1957). Nom. nov. for Prospodium cumminsii Petrak. (0/Ipe,?IIpe/III). Euprospodium ' Prospodium cumminsii Petrak, Sydowia 9: 504. 1955. TYPE on Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau from Argentina, Tucumn: Instituto Miguel Lillo garden, 30 Aug 1951, R. Singer-T1590. ( Not P. cumminsii Kern & Thurston, 1944). Anamorph Uredo hieronymianus (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 6: 137. 1908. Uromyces hieronymianus P. Hennings, Hedwigia 33: 229. 1894. TYPE on Clytostoma callistegiodes (Chamisso) Bureau from Uruguay: Concepcion del Uruguay, month not reported, 1878, Lorentz s.n. Telia not described. = Prospodium oblectum H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 30: 95. 1932. TYPE on Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Piratiny near Pelotas, 3 Nov 1901, G.O.A. Malme-173. Telia not described. On Bignoniaceae Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau, Rio Grande do Sul (Sydow, 1932: 95; Cummins, 1940: 75; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 138), So Paulo (IBI-13789). Prospodium singeri has been reported also from Argentina and Uruguay. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, abundant and closely grouped. Aecia on both sides of leaves, confluent around the spermogonia, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; aeciospores pedicellate, obovoid or ellipsoid, 28-37(-39) x (23-)25-30(-33) m, wall (2.5-)3.5-4 m thick at sides becoming 5-7 m apically, indistinctly or to bilaminate but becoming gradually paler toward the periphery, golden-brown or darker,

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echinulate with spines spaced 2-4 m, becoming smooth around the pores and toward the hilum, pores 2, equatorial in slightly flattened sides, with slight cuticular caps. Uredinia apparently not seen; urediniospores occasional in the telia, as the aeciospores. Telia blackish brown, confluent in a ring around the aecia or separate, pulverulent; teliospores 33-40(-50) x (22-)25-30(-33) m, broadly ellipsoid, constricted at the septum, wall uniformly (1.5-)2-2.5(-3) m, chestnut-brown, echinulate with cones about 2 m high spaced 2.5-4 m, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell next the pedicel, with slight cuticular caps 1-2.5 m thick, pedicel colorless, to 90 m long but usually about 50-70 m, thick walled, with a discrete fracture point toward the base and sometimes with a septum basally, unadorned. PROSPODIUM STIZOPHYLLI H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 93. 1932. TYPE on Stizophyllum perforatum (Chamisso) Miers from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Avenida Paulista, 5 March, 1922, Holway-1613. (O/-,-/III). = Prospodium piracicabanum Vigas, Bragantia 5: 12. 1945. TYPE on Stizophyllum perforatum (Chamisso) Miers, reported originally as unidentified Bignoniaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Piracicaba, Escola Agricola Luis de Quiroz, Dec 1933, A. S. Costa-960. On Bignoniaceae: Stizophyllum perforatum (Chamisso) Miers, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1956: 455; IBI-16294), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 93; Cummins, 1940: 72; Vigas, 1945: 12; IAC-960; IBI-15268). Prospodium stizophylli has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, few. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia mostly along the veins on the abaxial side of leaflets, early exposed, dark blackish-brown, pulverulent; teliospores (34-)38-43(-46) x (19-)23-27(-29) m, broadly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, slightly constricted at septum, wall indistinctly bilaminate, the outer wall obvious only at septum and over pores, inner wall 2-3 m thick over each pore, irregularly rugose-reticulate with narrow ridges that fuse variously or branch but a precise reticulum not formed, pore apical in upper cell, near pedicel in lower cell; pedicel septate about 10-15 m below the spore, breaking at septum, colorless; 1-celled teliospores abundant. Infections tend to be locally systemic in small areas along veins of leaflets. Prospodium stizophylli and P. cremastum are the only species of Prospodium with the pseudoreticulate sculpture on the teliospores. E Nephlyctis: on Bignoniaceae. 1. Teliospores obviously rugose-reticulate 50. P. stizophylli Stizophyllum, Brazil). 1. Teliospores with verrucae often united in short series 51. P. cremastum (Cremastus, Arrabidaea, Brazil). 1.Teliospores echinulate, aculeate, or verrucose-echinulate. Other species of Prospodium, series Nephlictis. Leaflets of the host have minute pellucid dots visible with a X10 hand lens, a trait that may help identify Stizophyllum. PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 94. 1932. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Cyathiform, unicap. ' Puccinia tecomicola Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 31: 387. 1922. TYPE on Tabebuia araliacea (DeCandolle) Morong & Britton (reported as Tecoma araliacea) from Paraguay, Asuncin, July 1919, Spegazzini s.n. = Prospodium concinnum H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 28: 45. 1930. TYPE on Tabebuia ochracea (Chamisso) Standley [reported as Tecoma chrysantha (Jacquin) DeCandolle] from Venezuela, La Victoria, date not recorded, H. Sydow-371. Anamorph Uredo longiaculeata P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (68). 1899. TYPE on Tabebuia sp. (reported originally as Tecoma sp.) from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Campo dUna-Laguna, Dec. 1889, Ule-1593. On Bignoniaceae Tabebuia alba (Chamisso) Sandwith (Tecoma alba Chamisso), Paran (IBI-12219)Rio Grande do Sul (Cummins, 1940: 49). Tabebuia araliacea (DeCandolle) Morong & Britton, , Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 14; IAC980). Tabebuia ipe Standley, Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/770: 175). Tabebuia ochracea (Chamisso) Standley, Minas Gerais (Cummins, 1940: 49), So Paulo (Cummins, 1940: 49, IBI-12544). Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nichols, Minas Gerais (IBI 16267), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148;

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IAN-495, -882), Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1940: 49), So Paulo (IBI-12528). Tabebuia sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 295; IBI-14488), Santa Catarina (P. Hennings, 1889: (68); Cummins, 1940: 49), So Paulo (Jackson,1932: 94; Vigas, 1945: 14; IAC-1099). Prospodium tecomicola has been reported also from Honduras, Venezuela, and Paraguay. Spermogonia and aecia on hypertrophied areas of small stems or on the abaxial side of leaves on hypertrophied veins; aeciospores as the urediniospores except more variable and larger, mostly (28-)30-35(38) x (25-)27-30(-33) m. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, brown, suprastomatal with basal peridial cup and surmounting peripheral paraphyses; urediniospores mostly 26-30 x 24-29 m with pores face view, bilaminate, unicapitate, the outer wall 4-5 m thick, colorless, with nearly to completely embedded, fringelike, bacilliform rods, the inner wall golden brown, 1.5-2 m thick, pores 2, equatorial in flattened sides. Telia as the uredinia; teliospores 32-36(-38) x (22-)24-27(-28) m, oblong-ellipsoid, wall obviously bilaminate, the outer layer pale brownish, 1-3 m thick, echinulate with small cones spaced (2-)2.5-3.5(-5) m, inner wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, chestnut-brown, pore of upper cell apical of lower cell next to pedicel, each under a low umbo, pedicel to 60 m long, adorned 2/3 to 3/4 toward base with 2 knob-like, echinulate or toothed protuberances, the base often swollen and with a few coarse warts. Two or three rings of spiney, knob-like appendages on the lower part of the pedicel of the teliospores aid in identifying this species. PROSPODIUM TUBERCULATUM (Spegazzini) Arthur, N.Amer. Flora 7: 161. 1912. (?/?,II/III). Euprospodium ' Puccinia tuberculata Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 6. 1880. TYPE on Lantana camara from Argentina, near Recoleta, April 1880, Spegazzini s.n. Anamorph Uredo tuberculata Spegazzini Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 172. 1880. TYPE on Lantana camara from Argentina, near Recoleta, Feb 1880, Spegazzini, s.n. On Verbenaceae Lantana camara Linnaeus, Mato Grosso (IBI-16765), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 295; IBI14490), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 65; Cummins, 1940: 15; IBI-12032). Lantana mixta L. So Paulo (Cummins, 1940: 15). Lantana robusta Schauer, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 230). Lantana salvifolia Jacquin, So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D: 296). Lantana triplininervia, Mato Grosso (IBI-17177). Prospodium tuberculatum has been reported on several species of Lantana from Argentina to Mexico, and The West Indies Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, cinnamon-brown, with straight, cylindrical, thin-walled, colorless, peripheral paraphyses 25-35 m long, often few present; urediniospores (24-)26-31(-33) x (22-)24-27(-28) m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid, wall 2-3 m thick, cinnamon-brown or golden, echinulate, echinulae spaced 2-4(-5) m, pores 2, equatorial in slightly or not flattened sides. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown; teliospores (40-)46-53(-55) x (30-)33-38(-40) m, broadly ellipsoid, wall (3.5-)4-5.5(-6) m thick at sides, inconspicuously if at all bilaminate, chestnut-brown, 6-8(-9) m over pores as paler, differentiated umbos, echinulate, echinulae spaced (2-)2.5-4.5(-7) m, pore apical in upper cell, near the pedicel in lower cell; pedicel (50-)65-90(-110) m long, nearly or quite colorless and thin-walled, the lower one-third without or with 1 or 2 irregular whorls of branched appendages or some of these simple. . Collections from Argentina & Brazil have teliospores with pedicels only partly adorned or unadorned. Telia were found only in May and June in Sao Paulo state Brazil. Scientists have introduced Prospodium tuberculatum from Brazil into Australia as a biological control agent for Lantana. Weed scientists have dubbed Lantanas as one of the worst weeds in the world. Prospodium viegasii Joerstad, see DIPYXIS VIEGASII (Joerstad) Cummins & J.W.Baxter. PROSPODIUM VONGUNTENII (Mayor) Dietel in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 6:65. 1928. (?/?,II/III). Euprospodium. ' Puccinia vonguntenii Mayor, Mm. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat. 5: 492. 1913. TYPE on Lippia

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americana Linnaeus from Colombia, Dept. Bolivar: Magdalena Baranquilla, 2 Nov 1910, Mayor-368. ' Prospodium vonguntenii (Mayor) Kern & Whetzel, J. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico 14: 310. 1930. On Verbenaceae Lippia sp., So Paulo (IBI-14658). This is the first record of Prospodium vonguntenii from Brazil. It was known before on Lippia and Aloysia from Argentina and Colombia. The pedicels of the teliospores usually have a few poorly developed appendages near their base. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal becoming erumpent, cinnamon-brown, with few peripheral, colorless, thin-walled paraphyses; urediniospores (19-)2124(-25) m diam, mostly globoid, wall 1.5(-2) m thick, cinnamon-brown, uniformly echinulate with echinulae spaced 2.5-3.5(-4) m, pores 2, equatorial in rounded, echinulate sides. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown; teliospores (38-)42-50(-54) x (26-)28-30(-33) m, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, not or only slightly constricted at septum, wall 4-5 m thick, not laminate, dark chestnut-brown and only slightly paler toward exterior, echinulate-verrucose with low cones spaced 2.5-4 m, pore apical in upper cell, next to hilum in lower cell, each with a low golden brown umbo, pedicel to 70 m long but often much shorter, with 1 pair of small lobed or simple appendages or these sometimes lacking. Prospodium vonguntenii (Mayor) Kern & Whetzel, see PROSPODIUM VONGUNTENII (Mayor) Dietel. Prospodium wulffiae H. W. Thurston, see PROSPODIUM PARAGUAYENSE Spegazzini.

PUCCINIA
Arthur (1922) reported that Puccinia is a "form genus" that he defined as "Species whose life-cycle is not known, or is not readly assumed from related forms...These genera do not represent the whole cycle of development, and are not based upon type species" Later, he abandoned this usage in favor of using Puccinia as a teleomorph genus in the modern sense. PUCCINIA ABNORMIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 243. 1896. TYPE on Echinochloa sp from Argentina, Crdoba: Rio Tercero, date not reported, Galander s.n. Host erroniously originally reported as Gymnothrix sp. (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia subdiorchidioides P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 244. TYPE on Echinochloa crusgalli (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Rio Lujan near Buenos Aires, Bettfreund s.n. Host reported originally as Panicum crus-galli. On Gramineae: Echinochloa crusgalli (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois , Minas Geraes (Thurston, 1940, as Puccinia flaccida Berkeley & Broome). Panicum sp., Rio Grande Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto,1963: 112). The host of this report is probably Echinochloa crus-galli because Cummins (1971) lists P. abnormis as infecting only Echinochloa spp. Puccinia abnormis has been reported from northern Argentina to the southern United States of America. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 18-20(-24) x (13-)17-19 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 4-6, scattered. Telia on both sides of leaves, early exposed, chestnut-brown, pulvinate; teliospores (26-)30-35(-48) x 12-15(-27) m, mostly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, usually variously diorchidioid, wall 1-1-5 m thick at sides, 2-4 m apically, golden smooth; pedicels to 50 m long, colorless, thin-walled and collapsing, fragile (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia abnormis has been reported mistakenly a few times previously from South America as P. flaccida. But Cummins (1971) has shown that true Puccinia flaccida has been reported only from Sri Lanka (Ceylon), India, and Japan, and has 3 equatorial germ pores in its urediniospores instead of 4-6 scattered germ pores as in Puccinia abnormis. Cummins (1971) mistakenly listed Diorchidium flaccidum Lagerheim as a synonym of Puccinia abnormis. It should have been listed as a synonym of Puccinia flaccida Berkeley & Broome.

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Puccinia abrupta Dietel & Holway var partheniicola (H. S. Jackson)Parmelee see PUCCINIA SCHILEANA Spegazzini var. PARTHENIICOLA (H. S. Jackson) Lindquist. Puccinia absinthi DeCandolle, see PUCCINIA TANACETI DeCandolle. Puccinia acanthospermi P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. Puccinia acanthospermi P. Sydow & P. Sydow (not that of P. Hennings), see PUCCINIA CNICIOLERACEA Persoon ex Desmazieres. Puccinia accedens Sydow, see PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farlow. PUCCINIA ACHYROCLINES H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, [as (P. Henn.) Jackson & Holway, comb. nov.] Mycologia 24: 156. 1932. TYPE on Achyrocline vargasiana DeCandolle (Achyrocline satureioides var. vargasiana (DeCandolle) Baker) from Brazil, So Paulo: Trememb, 6 March 1922, Holway-1614. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo achyroclines P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (70). 1899. TYPE on Achyrocline satureioides (Lamarck) DeCandolle from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, Ule-326. On Compositae: Achyrocline satureioides (Lamarck) DeCandolle, Bahia (IBI-13592); Minas Gerais (IBI-13165); Paran (IBI-12885); Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F8240), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-12930); Santa Catarina [Hennings, 1899: (70)], So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 156; IBI-12725). Achyrocline vautheriana DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 156; PUR-F8241). Puccinia achyroclinesas has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered, almost obscured and difficult to see because of the host tomentum, round, long covered by the yellowish epidermis, blister like, erumpent, powdery; urediniospores pedicellate, 18-26 x 17-21 m, globoid, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall ca 1 m thick, finely and densely echinulate, colorless, germ pores usually obscure, or 8, scattered (Sydow, 1924). Telia on abaxial side of leaves, light chestnut-brown, obscured by the tomentum of the hoist; teliospores 3850 x 18-21 m, clavate, rounded above, narrowed and truncate below, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, broadly and gradually thickened at apex 6-9 m, light golden-brown, nearly colorless below; pedicel as long as the spore or shorter, broad at point of attachment, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Jackson (1932) treated Puccinia achyroclinesas a transfer from the anamorph species Uredo achyroclines P. Hennings. The teleomorph name, however, is to be ascribed to Jackson and Holway alone because Jackson described telia for the first time. He cited only one specimen with telia which is cited above as the type. Puccinia investita Schweinitz is a closely related species that has Aecidium gnaphaliatum Schweinitz as its uredinial stage. This species has been reported from North America and on Achyrocline spp. from Ecuador and Bolivia and on Gnaphalium sp. from Peru. It is to be expected in Brazil.. A comparison of three species of Puccinia on Achyrocline, Gnaphalium, and perhaps other closely related host genera follows. 1.Anamorph spores pedicellate, walls echinulate 2. 1.Anamorph spores catenulate, walls verrucose (Aecidium sp.) 3. 2. Urediniospores with walls dark cinnamon-brown to light chestnut-brown, (1.5-)2(-2.5, -3) m thick, with two(-3) equatorial pores, visible in some spores. PUCCINIA GNAPHALIICOLA P. Hennings, (?0/I,IIpe/III). On Gnaphalium spp., includes Pucinia gnaphalii (Spegazzini) P. Hennings, anamorph name is Uredo gnaphalii Spegazzini. 2. Urediniospores with walls colorless or pale yellowish, less than 2 m thick, evenly finely echinulate, pores obscure (or 8 and scattered fide Sydow). PUCCINIA ACHYROCLINES H. S, Jackson & Holway. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Achyrocline spp., anamorph name is Uredo achyroclines P. Hennings.

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3. Aecia of Puccinia gnaphaliicola unknown 3. Urediniospores, if produced, Aecidium-like (sori cupulate, peridiate, spores catenulate, verrucose), spores (19-)20-26(-29) x (16-)18-22(-24) m, wall 1-1.5 m thick, finely verrucose Teliospores (36)40-53(-58) x 14-)18-23(-25) m, lateral walls (1-)1.5)(-2) m, apical walls (5-)8-10(-13) m PUCCINIA INVESTITA Schweinitz, (0/Icv,?IIcv/III). On Gnaphalium and ?Achyrocline. Includes Caeoma (Aecidium) gnaphaliatum Schweinitz, and Puccinia gnaphaliata (Schweinitz) Arthur & Bisby. Puccinia actinostemonis H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Puccinia aculeatispora Hohnel, see DIORCHIDIUIM ACANTHOSTEPHUM Sydow. Puccinia aequatoriensis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PUCCINIA ROULINAE P. Hennings. Puccinia agnesiae H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA PUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway. PUCCINIA AGNITIONALIS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 108. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia diffusa Lessing [ Vernonanthura diffusa (Lessing) H. Robinson], Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Teresopolis, 2 Oct 1921, Holway-1184. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Puccinia agnitionalis has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, 90-120 m wide, 120-150 m high, deep seated, ostiolar filaments short; aecia on both sides of leaves, cupulate, peridium well developed, peridial cells 40-50x16-23 m, irregularly polyhedral, aeciospores catenulate, 26-30x18-20 m, ellipsoid, walls 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, closely and finely verrucose. Uredinia not seen, urediniospores in telia, 26-30x18-22 m, ellipsoid, walls 1.5-2 m thick, colorless to pale golden-brown, minutely echinulate, pores obscure, probably 3, scattered. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.4-0.8mm diam., scatterd to in groups, numerous, soon naked, pale chestnut-brown at first, becoming grayish-white by germination, compact, pulvinate, ruptured epidermis inconspicuus, paraphyses 125-175 x 18-24 m, numerous, peripheral and scattered between the spores, clavate to straight or slightly curved, rounded at apex, wall ca 1 m thick or less, not thickened at apex, pale cinnamon-brown, teliospores 65-90 x 18-20 to 22-26 m, oblong to cylindrical, narrowed above, rounded below, conspicuously constriced at the septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown, smooth; pedicel about half as long as spore or shorter, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Jackson separated Puccinia agnitionalis by its thin teliospore walls, essentially unthickened at the apex, and by the presence of numerous, thin walled paraphyses with the telia. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia albida Dietel & Neger, see PUCCINIA PALLIDISSIMA Spegazzini. PUCCINIA ALBULA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Holway, Mycologia 24: 136. 1932. TYPE on Baccharis sp., Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Niteroi, 23 Sept 1921, Holway-1149. (0/Ice,IIce/III). Anamorph Caeoma sp. unnamed sp., the TYPE the same as for Puccinia albula. Puccinia albula has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, numerous, subgloboid to conical, periphyses slightly exerted; aecia (Caeoma sp.) on adaxial side of leaves around the spermogonia, deeply immersed in the mesophyll, without peridia, covered by the epidermis, tardily opening with an irregular pore, yellowish; aeciospores catenulate, 36-54 x 28-36 m (Lindquist, 1958), 32-45 x 28-32 m (Jackson, 1932), ellipsoid to subgloboid, wall 2.5-3.5 m thick, echinulate, echinulae large, 2-3 m long, widely spaced 3-6 m apart. Uredinia with the same morphology as the aecia but without spermogonia. Telia on yellowish spots on the

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abaxial side of leaves, originating deeply within the mesophyll, 0.2-0.3 mm across, round, scattered or in groups, soon erumpent, ruptured epidermis not evident, bright golden-brown, becoming grayish-white by germination, teliospores 45-67 x 20-24 m, ellipsoid, oblong to subclavate, rounded above, rounded or narrowed below, constricted at the septum, wall (1-)1.5-3 m thick at sides, not or slightly thickened to 2.5-3 m at apex, pedicel about as long as or shorter than the spore, fragile, colorless (Jackson, 1932; Lindquist, 1957). Puccinia spp. have been reported on Baccharis spp. only in the Americas. Lindquist (1957) reported at least 55 of these species, 15 of which have been reported from Brazil. Thus, Baccharis has more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA ALIA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 137. 1932. TYPE on Baccharis trinervis Persoon, Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 9 Aug 1921, Holway-1007. (0/Ice,IIpe/III). Puccinia alia has been reported with certainty only from the type. A questionable report of this species from Guatemala, also on Baccharis trinervis, is based on uredinia only. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves; aecia (Caeoma sp) on both sides of leaves, deep seated, without peridium, covered by epidermis, opening by a pore, aeciospores catenulate, (23-)26-35(-40) x (16)18-23(-25) m, mostly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 2-2.5(-3) m thick at sides, often slightly thicker at one or both ends, echinulate, spines spaced (2-)3-5 m. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, rather slowly exposed, pale yellowish (dry), bright yellow (fresh), urediniospores pedicellate, (22-)26-35(-40) x (17-)18-22(-24) m, mostly obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5(-2) m thick, sometimes thicker apically, echinulate, yellowish or nearly colorless, pores obscure, equatorial, probably 2, perhaps sometimes 3. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, about cinnamon-brown, becoming gray from germination, compact; teliospores 40-60(-68) x (15)17-22(-23) m, mostly ellongately ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick at sides, golden-brown, 2-4 m thick over pores by a small, nerarly colorless umbo, smooth, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell at septum; pedicel to 60 m long but often shorter, colorless (Cummins, 1978). Synonyms for the host binomial include Conyza trinervia ("trinervis") Mill., Conyza trinervis Lamarck, Baccharis rexioides Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Baccharis trinervis var. rhexioides (H. B. K.) Baker, and Psila trinervis ("Lamarck) Cabrera (R. McVaugh, 1984). Species of Puccinia are known to parasitize species of Baccharis only in the Americas. Lindquist (1957) reported at least 55 of these species. Thus, Baccharis has more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA ALLAUDABILIS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 109.1932. TYPE on Vernonia argyrotrichia Schultz-Bipontius ex Baker [ Lepidaploa argyrochria (Schultz-Bipontius ex Baker) H. Robinson], Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Teresopolis, 8 Oct 1921, Holway1199. (0/I,IIpe/III). Puccinia alludabilis has been reported from the type and one other Holway collection from the same location, 11 Oct 1921. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia produced but not adequate for description. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, few, 0.5-1 mm across, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, powdery, pale cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 22-26 x 20-24 m, globoid to broadly ellipsoid; wall 1.5-2 m thick, closely and finely echinulate, pores 3-4, scattered, subobscure. Telia numerous on abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-0.8 mm across, scattered or in groups, pulvinate, ruptured epidermis mostly inconspicuous, chestnut-brown, becoming ashygray by germination, without paraphyses; teliospores 60-78 x 15-19 m, cylindrical to terete, obtuse to narrowed above, rounded to somewhat narrowed to pedicel, slightly or not constricted at septum, wall more or less evenly 1-1.5 m thick, smooth, cinnamon-brown, pedicel about as long as or shorter than the spore, colorless, fragile (Jackson, 1932). Puccinia alludabilis may be distinguished from others on Vernonia by the slender, thin walled teliospores, not thickened at the apex and not over 20 m wide, together with the thin walled, closely echinulate urediniospores. A few old aecia accompanied by pycnia are present, but are too imperfect for adequate diagnosis. The pycnia are epiphyllous, deep seated, nearly globoid, 120-150 m wide by 150 m high, with short ostiolar filaments. The aecia are hypophyllous, with membranous, lacerate peridium. The peridial cells seen in face view are irregularly polyhedral, 23-28 by 40-60 m. The wall is coarsely and prominently tuberculate

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verrucose. The aeciospores are ellipsoid, 20-30 by 24-26 m, with colorless thin walls, 1-1.5 m, coarsely and prominently verrucose, with a tendency to be verrucose rugose near one end (Jackson, 1932). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA ALLII Rudolphi, Linnea 4: 392. 1829. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Puccinia mixta Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. no. 377. 1863. = Puccinia porri Winter in Rabenhorst, Krypt. Fl. 1: 200. 1882. Anamorph Uredo porri Sow., English Fungi, pl. 411. 1810. = Uredo alliorum DeCandolle, Fl. France. 6: 82. 1815. On Liliaceae, sensu lato: Allium cepa Linnaeus (Onion, leaf blades hollow), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967: 110), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 15; IAC-567). Allium escalonicum Linnaeus (Shallot, leaf blade slender awl-like), So Paulo (IBI-5031). Allium porrum Linnaeus (Leek, leaf blades equitant, keeled), Paran(Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967: 111). Allium sativum Linnaeus(Garlic, leaf blades flat), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 296; IBI-1013), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967: 111), Rio Grande doSul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1936: 119; IBI-720), So Paulo (IBI-4960). Allium sp., So Paulo (Vigas, 1945;15; IAC-4118; IBI-269). Researchers do not agree about the number of species of Puccinia that infect various species of Allium. We follow Wilson and Henderson (1966) who regard Puccinia allii as widespread, with intergrading morphological traits in various populations infecting many species of Allium. Severe infections produced by this species complex can kill leaves of cultivate species of Allium. Garlic, chives, and leeks are the most susceptible. But Savile (1961) considers the rust on Allium schoenoprasum (chives) as Puccinia mixta and the rust on A. porrum (leeks) as Puccinia porri. Spermogonia and aecia have not been reported from South America. The telial sori of Puccinia allii in the broad sense are coverded by the epidermis and appear as a black crust when mature. The telial sori are composed of numerous, darklly pigmented, thick-walled paraphyses that surround locules filled with teliospores. Among the variable traits is the quantity of one-celled teliospores (mesospores) in the telia. Puccinia porri was considered as a separate species because it had more than 50 % mesospores while Puccinia allii had less than 50 %. Because this trait intergrades it seems not to be able separate species. Pazschke (1892: 95) reported Puccinia allii on Bomarea edulis Herb., Alstroemeriaceae, the family reported sometimes as Amaryllidaceae, from Santa Catarina.(Ule-130) This specimen later became the type of Puccinia bomareae P. Hennings. Puccinia amphiospora Cummins, see PUCCINIA HYPTIDIS-MUTABILIS Mayor. Puccinia amphistelmae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia andropogonicola Spegazzini (not that of Hariot), see PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter. Puccinia anemopaegmatis P. Hennings, see PROSPODIUM ANEMOPAEGMATIS (P. Hennings) Cummins. Puccinia anguriae Arthur & Cummins, see PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini. Puccinia angustata Peck var. angustatoides (Stone) Arthur, see PUCCINIA ANGUSTATOIDES R. E. Stone. PUCCINIA ANGUSTATOIDES R.E. Stone, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 549. 1909. TYPE on

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Rhynchospora corniculata (Lamarck) A. Gray from The United States of America, Alabama: Auburn, 17 Sept 1908, R. E. Stone s.n. Stone lists one other specimen: Auburn, Alabama, 1 Jan 1909, E. E. Binford s.n. A lectotype needs to be chosen. (0/I IIpe/III). Puccinia angustata Peck var. angustatoides (Stone) Arthur, Manual of Rusts of United Sytates and Canada. p. 196. 1934. = Puccinia rhynchosporicola Spegazzini, Rev. Argent. Bot. 1: 123-124. 1925. TYPE on Rhynchospora stricta Boeck. from Argentina, other data not reported. On Cyperaceae: Rhynchospora marisculus Lindley & Nees, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 479). Rhynchospora sp. Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 296). Puccinia angustatoides has been reported also from Argentina, The West Indies, and the Southern United States of America. Spermogonia and aecia occur on Pluchia sp., Compositae, in the Southern United States of America. Lindquist and Costa Neto (1963) questioned the identification of a rust reported to be Puccinia angustatoides on Cyperus sp., Rio Grande do Sul, because the host was not Rhynchospora and no telia were found on this specimen. Rusts on Cyperaceae in Latin America require more detailed comparative studies to better sort out well defined morphological species. Traits important for identifying P. angustatoides have been reported to be that the host is not Carex, the urediniospores usually have two supraequatorial germ pores, and telia are erumpent, without paraphyses, and usually with some one-celled teliospores. Arthur (1934) placed species of Puccinia that had urediniospores with supraequatorial germ pores and erumpent, non paraphysate telia which parasitized Cyperaceae genera other than Carex in P. angustata with three varieties, including P. angustata var. angustatoides (R. E. Stone) Arthur. The supraequatorial germ pores of the urediniospores seems to be a variable trait and dificult to determine in some collections. Jackson (1926) reported that Uromyces rhynchosporae, which has been recorded also from Brazil, is a correlated species whose uredinia are almost identical to those of Puccinia angustatoides, making it almost impossible to identify uredinial collections with confidence. PUCCINIA ANTHEPHORAE Arthur & Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 137. 1918. TYPE on Anthephora hermaphrodita from Jamaica, 5 Mar 1908, Britton-1917. (?/? IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo anthephorae H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 22. 1903. TYPE on Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze (reported as Anthephora elegans from Cuba, place and date not reported, R. de la Sagra s.n. On Gramineae: Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze (reported as Anthephora elegans Schreiber), Pernambuco (Batista & Bezerra, 1960: 15). Cummins (1971) lists Puccinia anthephorae for the West Indies, Guatemala, and Colombia, but not Brazil. Its occurrence in Brazil needs to be confirmed. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, yellowish brown, rather compact; urediniospores (26-)28-31 x (22-)24-27(-29) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall (2.5-)3-4 m thick, or 4-6 m apically, golden to cinnamon-brown, rugose-verrucose in a labyrinthiform pattern, germ pores 3 or 4, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, early exposed, blackish; teliospores (30-)33-40(-42) x (21-)25-30(-32) m, broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall 2.5-3.5(-4) m at sides, (5-)6-8(-9) m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels thin-walled, collapsing, yellowish, to 100 m long; 1-celled teliospores are common (Cummins, 1971). Traits that help identify Puccinia anthephorae include uredinia without paraphyses, urediniospore walls rugosely verrucose in a labyrinthiform pattern, 3-4 equatorial pores (Cummins' Group VII), teliospores (21-)25-30(-32) m wide, broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, apical wall nearly uniformly chestnut-brown. Puccinia cenchri has been reported also on the grass genus Anthephora. PUCCINIA ANTIRRHINI Dietel & Holway in Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 298. 1897. TYPE on Antirrhinum majus (cultivated) from The United States of America, California: Alemeda Co., Berkeley, 1 Aug 1895, W. C. Blasdale s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Scrophulariaceae

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Antirrhinum majus Linnaeus. Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-15982), So Paulo (IBI-15980). Puccinia antirrhini is common on snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus, where cultivated, but this rust was found in Brazil only recently. When severely infected, the plants produce no flowers and may die. The original home of this rust is in Western North America on indigenous species of Antirrhinum and Cordylanthus. Even though Antirrhinum majus comes originally from the Mediterranean region, this rust has been able to infect the cultivated snapdragons and has become widespread. PUCCINIA APII Desmazieres, Catal. des plantes Omis., p. 25. 1823. On Umbelliferae: Apium graveolens Linnaeus, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 220). The occurrence of Puccinia apii in Brazil needs confirmation. Puccinia appendiculata Winter, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter)Arthur. Puccinia appendiculatoides P. Hennings, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATOIDES (P. Hennings) Cummins.

PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini var. ARACHIDIS, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina17: 90. 1884. TYPE on a wild species of Arachis, mistakenly reported originally as Arachis hypogaea, from Paraguay, near Caa-guazu in a sub-virgin forest, Jan 1882, B. Balansa-3449. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Peridipes arachidis (Lagerheim) Buritic & Hennen, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 19: 50. 1994. Uredo arachidis Lagerheim, Tromso Mus. Aarsb. 17: 106. 1894. TYPE on Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus from Surinam, the year late 1827 or early 1828, C. Weigelt s.n. ' Uromyces arachidis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 224. 1896. TYPE an isotype specimen of Uredo arachidis Lagerheim, only uredinia described. On Leguminosae: Arachis glabrata Bentham, Mato Grosso (PUR-F6248). Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus, Mato Grosso (PUR-F6251), Par (IAN-684), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 113), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F18746), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4680), So Paulo (IBI-12220). Arachis sp., Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14314), Minas Gerais (IBI-16788). Puccinia arachidis has been reported world wide in most places where peanuts are cultivated. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia, Peridipes arachidis, mostly on the abaxial side of leaflets, sometimes on petioles, stipules, and stems, scattered or in irregular groups, subepidermal in origin, blister-like when immature, covered by a thin, membranous, net-like peridium just under the epidermis, erumpent, peridium remains stuck to the conspicuous, ruptured epidermis, powdery, dark cinnamon-brown; without paraphyses; urediniospores (21-)23-29 x (16-)18-22(-24) m, broadly elipsoid to obovoid, wall 1-2 m thick, finely echinulate, echinulae 2-3 m apart, pores mostly 2, occasionally 3-4, equatorial, pores often in slightly flattened areas. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.3 mm across, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, ruptured epidermis prominent, pulvinate, chestnut- or about cinnamon-brown, turning grayish by germination; teliospores (33-)38-56(-60) x (12-)14-16(-18) m, oblong obovate or ellipsoid, rounded to narrowed at apex, slightly or not constricted at the septum, slightly or gradually narrowed at the base, or more or less rounded at both ends, predominantly 2-celled, 1, 3, or rarely 4 celled, wall smooth, 0.7-0.8 (-1.0) m thick at sides, light- to golden- yellow, or chestnut-brown, 2.5-4(-5) m thick at apex, apical thickening almost hyaline, pedicel up to 35-65 m long, thin-walled, collapsing laterally, usually broken shorter or at the spore. The urediniospores of Puccinia arachidis var. arachidis usually have 2 equatorial germ pores, those of P. a. var. ofuscata usually have three. But in both varieties the number of germ pores may vary from two to four. Puccinia arachidis is one of the few species of Puccinia reported on Leguminosae. There is doubt that the rust belongs in the genus Puccinia. The presence of a thin membranous peridium on the young

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uredinial sori, one of the traits of Peridipes, indicates that the species is misplaced in Puccinia. Perhaps the correct genus for this rust will be Sorataea. The disease on peanuts is especially severe in parts of India, other parts of Asia, and Africa, causing leaf drop and lower production. Teliospores are known best from wild species of Arachis from Brazil. On cultivated peanuts teliospores are rare but seem to occur regularly in the region of Campinas, So Paulo. (see Peridipes and Hennen et al., 1987). PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini var. OFFUSCATA (Arthur) Cummins,Mycotaxon 5: 402. 1977. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Puccinia offuscata Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 47: 469. 1920. TYPE on Zornia diphylla (Linnaeus) Persoon from Cuba, Herradurta, 30 September 1904, Baker 2143. = Puccinia zorniae Bartholomew, N. Amer. Uredinales, Ed. 1: 176. 1928 (not McAlpine, 1906). Anamorph Uredo zorniae Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 257. 1899. TYPE on Zornia diphylla (Linnaeus) Persoon from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Copacabana, June 1897, Ule-2296. Uredo zorniae probably belongs to the anamorph genus Peridipes but we have not yet found the thin evanescent peridium that characterizes this genus. On Leguminosae: Zornia diphylla (Linnaeus) Persoon, Amazonas (Hennings, 1904: 161). Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301), Par (PUR-F17290), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 257; Hennings; 1904: 79), So Paulo (IBI-14191). Zornia sp., Par (IBI-16011A), So Paulo (IBI-14191). Puccinia arauacana Dietel, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveill, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III, 3: 69. 1845. TYPE on Araujia sericifera Brotero from Brazil, place, date, and collector not reported, from specimen in the Paris Museum. (-/,-/III). = Puccinia cynoctoni Lveill, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III, 5: 270. 1846. TYPE on Cynoctonum pachyphyllum from Chile, place and date not published, Dombey s.n. (in P). = Puccinia schnyderi Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 8. 1880. TYPE on Araujia albens G. Don fron Argentina, "al Tigre", April 1880, O. Schnyder-s.n. = Puccinia lagoensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 267. 1908. TYPE on Oxypetalum sp. from Brazil, Bahia: Pianhy, Serra da Lagoa, Jan 1907, Ule-7157. = Puccinia cabo-friensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 79. 1904. TYPE on Oxypetalum sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cabo-Frio, Oct 1899, Ule-s.n On Asclepiadaceae: Araujia albens Don, Brazil (Hennings, 1896: 237). Araujia sericifera Brotero, Brazil (Lveill, 1845: 69), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 493; Puttemans-1251; PUR-F7098). Oxypetalum sp., Bahia (Hennings, 1908: 267), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904: 79). Widgrenia corymbosa Malme, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Genus undetermined, Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 95). Arthur (1922), Jackson (1931), Joerstad (1956), and we have combined more than 20 microcyclic species names of Puccinia that have been reported on at least 12 gernera of the subfamily Cynanchoideae, family Asclepiadaceae, from the Americas into three species. In some specimens, infections are systemic forming witches' brooms or other malformations. Joerstad (1950) separated these three species with difficulty, as follows: Key to help identify three microcyclic species of Puccinia on Asclepiadaceae subfamily Cynanchoideae 1. Teliospores mostly broadly ellipsoid or nearly globose, up to 36 m long and 23 m (rarely 25 m) broad, wall usually cinnamon-brown, comparatively thick, often 2-2.5 m(-4 m), pedicels often more or PUCCINIA CYNANCHI less frequently inserted obliquely. Telia dark brown. (= PUCCINIA OBLIQUA). 1. Teliospores mostly oblong-ellipsoid, wall yellowish-brown or nearly colorless, pedicels usually not

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inserted obliquely. 2. Teliospores comparatively large, up to 42 m (rarely 44 m) long and up to 19-23 m broad, wall PUCCINIA ARAUJAE. 1.5-2.5 m thick. Telia often dark brown. 2. Teliospores up to 36 m ( sometimes 39 m) long, and up to 19 m wide, wall mostly from 1-1.5 to 2 m thick(-2.5 m thick). Telia usually cinnamon-brown. PUCCINIA ROULINIAE. PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 67. 1881. TYPE on Cardiospermum velutinum from Paraguay, Montevideo, Quilmes, July 1881, J. Arechavaleta s n. (/-,-/III). = Uromyces pervius Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 94. 1884. TYPE on Cupania sp. from Paraguay, Villa Rica, January 1882, Balansa-3515. = Uromyces aeruginosus Spegazzini Rev. Argentina Hist. Nat. 1: 175. 1891. TYPE on unidentified Sapindaceae from Paraguay, Posta-cue, April 1884, Balansa-4267. = Puccinia serjaniae Ellis & Everhart, Erythea 5: 6. 1897. TYPE on Serjania sp. from Mexico, Baja California, Pescadero, September 1893, A. W. Anthony s n. = Puccinia anguriae Arthur & Cummins, Ann. Mycol. 31: 43. 1933. TYPE on undetn. Sapindaceae (originally recorded erroniously as Anguria sp, Cucurbitaceae) from Brazil, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, 8 August 1915, J. N. Rose & P. G. Russel-20704. On Sapindaceae: Cardiospermum grandiflorum Swartz, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1959: 87); Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 296), So Paulo (Joerstad, 1959: 87). Cardiospermum halicacabum Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 473; Thurston, 1940: 296), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 231), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 473). Cardiospermum sp., Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC-3242), So Paulo(Sydow, 1907: 355). Paullinia sp., Par (PUR-F17401), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC-3618),Pernambuco (Batista & Bezzera, 1960: 17), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel,1899: 250), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 105). Serjania communis Cambessedes, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 231). Serjania cuspidata Cambessedes, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 473; Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC969). Serjania fuscifolia Radlkofer, Bahia (PUR-F6360), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F6361). Serjania glabrata Kunth, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC-2670). Serjania mansiana Martius, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC-4164). Serjania perulaceae Radlkofer, Mato Grosso (PUR-F6366). Serjania sp., Bahia (IBI-2270), Esprito Santo (IBI-4657), Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 93); Mato Grosso (IBI-16134), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 473; Thurston, 1940: 296; Vigas & Teixeira, 1945: 55; IAC-5054), Paraba (IAC-3622), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4413), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 95), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355; Jackson, 1931: 473;; Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC-734). Thouinia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC-2653). Urvillea sp., Brazil (Rick, 191: 180), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355; Vigas, 1945: 16; IAC-2753). Sapindaceae, gen. undetermined., Ceara (IBI-17133), Gois (IBI-14892), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14320), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 473; IBI-14911), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 28; Jackson, 1931: 473; Arthur & Cummins 1933: 43), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 16). Puccinia arechavaletae has been reported from Argentina to Texas in The United States of America on at least six genera of Sapindaceae. A comparison of the telial morphology of Puccinia arechavaletae, P. heterospora, which parasitizes genera of Malvaceae, and Puccinia lantanae, which parasitizes genera in the Acanthaceae and Verbenaceae, reveals that these three microcyclic species are remarkably similar. Both lack spermogonia, telia usually on the abaxial side of leaf blades, scattered or often in concentric groups, dark brown or becoming grayish by germination of the spores; teliospores mostly or almost entirely one-celled (mesospores), both one-celled and two-celled spores very variable in form and size, 15-24(-26) x (20-)27-35(-45) m, globoid, ellipsoid, or oblong. two-celled spores may be rounded or narrowed at each end, not or slightly constricted at the septum, which is often oblique, cell walls 1.5-2(-3) m thick at the sides and 3-7 m thick above, chestnut- to cinnamon-brown, smooth; pedicels (10-)25-105(-135) m long, light cinnamon-brown or colorless.

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Arthur (1934) reported that Puccinia heterospora is correlated with P. schedonnardi, but no correlated long cycle parental species has been reported for P. arechavaletae or Puccinia lantanae. Kern (1938) suggested that Aecidium serjaniae is part of the life cycle of an unknown heteroecious species that gave rise to Puccinia arechavaletae. Puccinia arenariicola (P. Hennings) H. S. Jackson, see PUCCINA MODICA Holway. Puccinia argentina Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA ASPILIAE Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 30. 1897. TYPE on Viguiera sp., Compositae, mistakenly reported originally as Aspilia buphthalmifolia Grisebach, Compositae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra Geral, Mar 1891, Ule1695. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Puccinia ensenadensis Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac.Buenos Aires, 6:227. 1898. TYPE on Viguiera sp. from Argentina, Buenos Aires: La Plata, Ensenada, April 1892, Spegazzini s.n. Puccinia aspiliae has been reported from Brazil only from the type listed above. Lindquist (1982) recorded this species also from Argentin and the host as Viguiera sp., not Aspilia as originally reported. Lindquist (1982) found that Spegazzini (1925) mistakenly placed this species as a synonym of P. spegazziniana and reported the host as Aspilia montevidensis. Telia are tardily dehiscent, teliospore walls are minutely striate and more or less uniformly thin but often a little thicker above. Urediniospores have 2 subequatorial germ pores (Lindquist, 1982). Puccinia asteris Duby, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. Puccinia atra Dietel & Holway, see PUCCINIA ESCLAVENSIS Dietel & Holway. PUCCINIA AZTECA Cummins & Hennen in Cummins, The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses, and Bamboos, p. 174. 1971. TYPE on Trisetum virletii Fourn. from Mexico, Desert ofthe Lions National Park, 10 Miles west of Mexico City, 6 June 1970, J. F. Hennen 70-3. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Calamagrostis viridiflavescens (Poiret) Steudel var. montevidensis (Nees) Kampf (reported as Calamagrostis montevidensis Nees), So Paulo (Cummins, 1971: 67). Puccinia azteca has been reported only from Mexico and Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown, uredinia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, paraphyses capitate to clavate-capitate, wall mostly uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, colorless; urediniospores (20-)23-28(-31) x (18)20-23(-24) m, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless to yellowish, echinulate, pores obscure, scattered, probably 7-9. Telia on both sides of leaves, to mostly on the adaxial side, erumpent, compact, blackish-brown, teliospores variable in size, (40-)50-95 x (11-)14-18(-20) m, to 90-160 m long with germination, mostly cylindrical, wall ca 1 m thick at sides, (6-)10-18(-24) m at apex, pale chestnutbrown, pedicel about 10 m long (Cummins, 1971). It seems probable that the lower cell elongates when teliospores germinate, thus accounting for the great variability in the lengths of the spores (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA BACCHARIDICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 242. 1896. TYPE on Vernonia cauloni Schultz-Bipontius. (reported mistakenly as Baccharis sp. originally), Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Aug 1887, Ule-732. (?/?,IIcv/III). = Puccinia membranacea Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 251. 1899. TYPE on Vernonia cauloni SchultzBipontius from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca, May 1896, Ule-2337. Puccinia baccharidicola has been reported only from the type. The label of the type collection of P. baccharidicola in HBG records the host as Vernonia cauloni Schultz-Bip. In the original publication the host was mistakenly reported as Baccharis sp. Puccinia membranacea Dietel also has been reported only from the type but belongs here as a synonym. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia (Aecidium sp.) cupulate, on abaxial side of leaves, in small circles or solitary; dull white and in the middle of yellowish spots; minute; peridia cylindrical, falling

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off early; white; urediniospores catenulate, 26-34 m long; 19-22 m wide, ellipsoid and globoid; cell wall colorless; verrucose. Telia abaxial, widely and irregularly scattered; minute; cinnamon; pulvinate, somewhat pulverulent, teliospores 60-90 x 19-24 m, oblong or fusiform; rounded at apical end and not thickened at apex; enlarged at base and rounded at pedicel; somewhat constricted at septum; cell wall very thin; pale yellow-brown; smooth; pedicel up to 80 m long, persistent; thick; colorless. PUCCINIA BACCHARIDIS Dietel & Holway in Dietel, Erythea 1: 250. 1893. TYPE on Bacharis viminea from The United States of America, California: Pasadena, Aug 1893, MacClatche-359. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Synanamorphs Unnamed Caeoma sp. and Uredo sp. are anamorphs of Puccinia baccharidis. On Compositae: Baccharis burchellii Baker, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 137). Baccharis sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 137). Pucinia baccharidis has been reported from Argentina to the United States of America. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, aecia on abaxial leaf surface and on stems, in groups without peridium rupturing the epidermis, bright yellow but fading when dry; aeciospores (27-)30-48(-60) x (20-)22-26(-30) m, varying from globoid to fusiform, mostly oblong ellipsoid the apex often acute, wall (1.5-)2-2.5 thick or the apex slightly thicker especially when acute, verrucose with bead like warts usually in more or less lineal arrangement, colorless or pale yellowish. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, yellowish to cinnamon brown; urediniospores (28-)32-43(-46) x (17-)20-24(-27) m, oblong ellipsoid, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, echinulate with fine spines spaced (1-)2(-3) m, yellowish or golden brown, pores 5-8, scattered or tending to be bizonate. Telia mostly on abaxial leaf surface, exposed, in groups, pale cinnamon brown becoming gray from germination, compact; teliospores (45-)50-68(-72) x (22-)24-28(-31) m, elongately ellipsoid or oblong ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 2.5-5(-6) m over pores, about golden brown except paler over pores smooth, pore apical in each cell; pedicel colorless, usually or often to 25 m wide, to 140 m long but usually less than 100 m; germinating without dormancy (Cummins, 1978). Lindquist (1957) reported at least 55 species of Puccinia on Baccharis. They occur only in the Americas. Thus, Baccharis has more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA BACCHARIDIS-CASSINOIDES P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 241. 1896. TYPE on Baccharis cassinoides DeCandolle, Compositae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 12 April 1884, Ule-132. (?/?,II/?cv or ce/III). Puccinia baccharidis-cassinioides has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia not reported. Uredinia scattered on indeterminate, yellowish spots on the abaxial side of leaves, sori 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores catenulate, 28-40 x 2535 m, subgloboid, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid; wall finely verrucose in lines, yellow-brown. Telia like the uredinia but darker; teliospores 54-75 x 22-28 m, oblong-clavate, rounded to slightly narrowed above, rounded to narrowed below, slightly constricted at the septum; wall smooth, not thickened apically, pale yellow-brown; pedicel up to 60 m long, persistent, colorless (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1904). Jackson (1932) included in his key to species of Puccinia on Baccharis traits for P. baccharidiscassinioides similar to the ones listed by Lindquist (1957), except he reported "? -opsis forms aeciospore wall finely verrucose in lines". Lindquist (1957) included this species in his key as having: distinctly pigmented teliospore walls, urediniospores unknown, aecia present (opsis form), aeciospores ellipsoid (not narrowly ellipsoid), 20-40 m long, walls finely echinulate in lines, teliospores not or only slightly constricted at the septum, and with a short pedicel.. He did not include other descriptive data because he reported that he did not see any specimens. Lindquist (1957) reported at least 55 species of Puccinia on Baccharis. These are only in the Americas. Baccharis has more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. Puccinia baccharidis-triplinervis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CONYZAE P. Hennings. PUCCINIA BAMBUSARUM Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 65: 467. 1918. TYPE on Pariana sp.

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(mistakenly reported originally as Olyra sp.) from Peru, Iquitos, Rio Amazonas, July 1902, Ule 3161. (?/? IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo olyrae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 164. 1904. TYPE same as for the teleomorph. Telia present but not described by P. Hennings. On Gramineae: Pariana campestris Aublet, Amap (IBI-16595); Par (Hennen & Figueiredo, 1981: 353). Puccinia bambusarum has been reported only from Peru and Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaf, yellowish, probably brightly so when fresh; urediniospores (22-)24-32(-34) x (16-)18-22 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1-5 m thick, colorless or yellowish, echinulate, germ pores obscure. Telia on abaxial surface, cinnamon-brown, early exposed; teliospores 20-28(-30) x (10-)l2-15(-17) m, mostly ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, septum often oblique but diorchidioid teliospores rare, wall (1-)1.5-2 m at sides, (2-)2.5-4 m apically, yellowish or pale golden brown, smooth; pedicels thin-walled, delicate, colorless, to 80 m long but usually broken short (Cummins, 1971). Hennen & Figueiredo (1981) reported that the host of Uredo olyrae is Pariana sp., not Olyra sp., as reported by Hennings (1904: 164), and not Arundinaria sp. as reported by Arthur (1918: 467). Arthur treated the species mistakenly as a transfer from Uredo bambusarum P. Hennings which is on Olyra sp. and an anamorph of Puccinia obliquo-septata Viennot-Bourgin. But because Arthur described the teleomorph that was present on the type of Uredo olyrae that Hennings had overlooked, the name Puccinia bambusarum is ascribed to Arthur alone and its lectotype is on Pariana, the same specimen as the type for Uredo olyrae. PUCCINIA BANISTERIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 94. 1895. TYPE on Banisteriopsis sp. (reported originally as Banisteria sp.) from Brazil, Gois: Formosa, Sept. 1892, Ule-1926. (-/-,-/III). [Puccinia trachytela is very similar, see below. After furthur study it might be placed as a synonym] . On Malpighiaceae: Banisteriopsis anisandra (Adr. Jussieu) Gates, Gois, Minas Gerais (specimens in IBI). Banisteriopsis clauseniana (Jussieu) Anderson & Gates, Gois (Hennings, 1897: 215), So Paulo (IBI-13373). Banisteriopsis gardneriana (Adr. Jussieu) Anderson & Gates, Gois (specimens in IBI). Banisteriopsis nummifera (Adr, Jussieu) Gates, So Paulo (specimens in IBI). Banisteriopsis sp., Gois, Minas Gerais (PUR-F19110) Hennings, 1895A: 94). Heteropteris sericea (host identification requires confirmation), Federal District, Brasilia (PURF18749). Genus undetermined (probably Banisteriopsis sp.), So Paulo (IBI-13474). Puccinia banisteriae has been reported only from Brazil. Perhaps Costa Rica will be added. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not seen, probably not produced. Telia in irregular discolored spots 0.5-2 cm across on abaxial side of leaves, the infections sometimes appearing as locally systemic, sori 0.2-1 mm across, dark brown, erumpent, pulverulent, one to five or more sori per spot, sometimes causing chlorotic or necrotic spots on adaxial sides of leaves, sometimes sori grow together, the ruptured epidermis remaining and often more or less covering the sori, teliospores 40-50 X 18-32 m, cylindrically ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, slightly constricted at the septum, wall evenly 3-5 m thick, bilaminate, the outer layer 0.5 m or less thin, forming a pale transluscent yellowish reticulate-punctate to reticulate cover, the inner layer dark cinnamon-brown, pore apical in upper cell, next to the pedicel in the lower cell, pedicel up to 55-65 m long, thin-walled, collapsing laterally, usually broken near the spore and leaving a short collar, the other part remaining attached to the sorus. Traits helpful for identification of Puccinia banisteriae include: teliospore walls reticulate or reticulate-punctate, pore apical in the upper teliospore cell and the pore basal in the lower cell, and pedicels deciduous that leave a short collar remaning on the spore. The large, blackish-brown, irregular groups of powdery telia on the abaxial side of leaves are especially obvious in the field because of the contrast with the silvery grey undersides of the leaves of the hosts. Previously this rust was described as having verrucose-granulose wall sculpture. Specimens examined (all Brazil):On Banisteriopsis anisandra (Adr. Jussieu) Gates, Gois: ca 10 km NE of Anopolis, 7 Dec 1977, J.F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen-77-361; 1 km E of Alto Paraiso, 5 March 1973, W. R. Anderson-6341 (exUB), Minas Gerais: Sete Lagoas, 20 June 1979, J.F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen-79-73;

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So Paulo, Monte Alegre, 16 Nov 1978, M. B. Figueiredo-78-83. On Banisteriopsis gardneriana (Adr. Jussieu) Anderson & Gates, Gois, 10 km N of Figueiropolis, 5 Dec 1977, J.F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen-77341. On Banisteriopsis nummifera (Adr, Jussieu) Gates, So Paulo, Conchal, 11 Dec 1977, J.F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen-77-380. On Banisteriopsis sp. Federal District: Brasilia, 12 Apr 1979, E. P. Heringer-s.n. The description of Puccinia trachytela is reproduced here because it is probably a synonym of Puccinia banisteriae. PUCCINIA TRACHYTELA H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 24: 290. 1926. TYPE on ?Tetraptis seemanii Triana & Planch. from Costa Rica, San Pedro de San Ramon, 5 Feb 1925, H. Sydow-382. . (-/-,-/III). Puccinia trachytella has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia 0.5-1.5 mm long, on obscure or large conspicuous spots on abaxial side of leaves, usually concentric around a central sorus, sometimes in groups, rarely solitary, irregular in shape, mostly elliptic or somewhat elongate, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, somewhat powdery, chestnut-brown; teliospores 33-44 x 16-24 m, ovoid to oblong, rounded at both ends or slightkly narrowed below, slightly or strongly narrowed at septum, wall evenly thick, densely verrucosereticulate, dark chestnut-brown (Sydow, H. 1923). See below for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae Nine of the fourteen species of Puccinia that are known to parasitize genera of the Malpighiaceae have been reported from Brazil. All of these species are remarkable because of either the traits of their urediniospores or teliospores or both and are included in the key below. Seven of the species have teliospores with pedicels that have a globose-bulbose swollen part. The teliospore pedicels in these species are often attached near the septum. Except for one species that has colorless teliospores, the teliospore walls are darkly pigmented and verrucose or reticulate to reticulate-punctate. Only one species, Puccinia hematitis from Africa, has been reportedoutside of the Americas. A. Teliospore walls colorless, smooth, urediniospores 39-45 x 25-32 um, broadly obovoid or ellipsoid, walls with 2 equatorial pores with large diameters (Brazil, Cuba, Belize) Puccinia barbatula. . A. Teliospore walls pigmented, sculptured, urediniospore pores not with large diameters B. B. Teliospore pedicels not swollen globose-bulbose C. C. Teliospore walls verrucose, pedicel attached basally, urediniospores reniform with 2 equatorial germ pores (only in Africa on Triaspis sp.). Puccinia hematitis Sydow. D. C. Teliospore walls reticulate to reticulate-punctate D. Teliospore walls reticulate, pedicels usually attached laterally, urediniospores reniform, walls with 2 equatorial germ pores associated with smooth spots Puccinia barretoii. (Brazil). D. Teliospore walls reticulate to reticulate-punctate, pedicels attached basally, E. urediniospores, if produced, not reniform E. Teliospores ellipsoid, rounded above, slightly constricted at septum, wall punctate, short cycled. (Brazil) .

Puccinia banisteriae.
E. Teliospores broadly ellipsoid, often acuminate-rounded at top, not constricted at septum, wall delicately reticulate to reticulateF. punctate F. Teliospore walls delicately reticulate (Costa Rica). F. Teliospore walls reticulate to reticulate-punctate G. Urediniospore walls 1.5-2(-2.5) um thick, spores 20-28 um wide, germ pores 2-3(-4), equatorial (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay).

Puccinia trachytella.

Puccinia heteropteridis.
G. Urediniospore walls 4-7 um thick, spores 32-35

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um wide, germ pores 4, equatorial (Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico). B. Teliospore pedicels mostly attached laterally with a swollen globose area H. Teliospore walls radially verrucose, urediniospores reniform. (Guatemala).

Puccinia sanguenolenta. Puccinia laurifolia.

H.

H. Teliospore walls reticulate to reticulate-punctate I. I. Urediniospore walls 6-9 um thick, two layered, swelling in liquid, strongly and sparsely echinulate J. Teliospores smokey-black, wall with a thin, nearly colorless outer layer, urediniospore wall swelling somewhat (Brazil) .

Puccinia picturata.
J. Teliospores chestnut-brown, urediniospore outer wall layer greatly swelling (Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia). Puccinia insueta. I. Urediniospore walls 1.5-2.5 um thick, not obviously layered, not swelling in K. liquid K. Urediniospore pores (2-)3-4, nearly equatorial (Cuba, Puerto Rico). Puccinia inflata. K. Urediniospore pores (2-3)4-8, scattered or rarely bizonate L. L. Urediniospore walls nearly evenly echinulate, without smooth spots around pores, cuticular caps not evident M. over pores M. Urediniospores strongly echinulate, (2-)3 nearly equatorial or scattered pores (Brazil).

Puccinia guasua.
M. Urediniospores not strongly echinulate, 6-8 scattered pores. (Mexico).

Puccinia echinopteris.
L. Urediniospore walls irregularly echinulate, with smooth spots around pores, cuticular caps evident over pores Puccinia inrecta. (Brazil). Puccinia barbacensis Rangel, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. PUCCINIA BARBATULA Arthur & J. R. Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 144. 1918. TYPE on Heteropterys laurifolia (Linnaeus) A. Jusseau (reported originally as Banisteria laurifolia Linnaeus) from Cuba, Oriente: Paso Estancia , 3 May 1916, Johnston-678. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). ' Bullaria barbatula (Arthur & J. R. Johnston) Arthur & Mains in Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 485. 1922. On Malpighiaceae Diplopterys sp., FederalDistrict (IBI-12464). Heteropterys byrsonimifolia A. Jussieu, Minas Gerais (IBI-16389), So Paulo (IBI-13821). Heteropterys coriacea A. Jussieu, Federal District (IBI-13211). Heteropterys escalloniifolia A. Jusieu, Bahia (W. A. Anderson et al. 37073, in NY). Heteropterys sp. Gois (IBI-16676), Mato Grosso (IBI-16749), Minas Gerais (IBI-), So Paulo (IBI-13821). Puccinia barbatula has been reported also from Belize , Cuba, and Mexico.. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, in small groupson brownish discolored spots 1-3 mm across, Aecia encircling the spermogonia, 0.2-0.8 mm across, deep in leaf tissue in origin, erumpent, partly covered by broken tissue, somewhat pulperulent, dark cinnamon-brown; aeciospores pedicelate, 39-45 x 25-32 m, broadly ellipsoid, or obovoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, strongly and very sparsely echinulate, the echinulations 22.5 m long colorless; pores 2, equatorial. Uredinia and urediniospores similar to the aecia and aeciospores but scattered and not associated with spermogonia. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.3-1 mm across, on more or less light colored areas, usually crowded around the uredinia or aecia, whitish or pale brown, usually

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long covered by the overarching tissue; teliospores 35-48 x 18-26 m, oblong or oblong-clavate, rounded above, rounded or slightly narrowed below, somewhat constricted at the septum; wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, smooth, colorless; pedicel about half length of the spore, 13-15 m wide. Traits that help to identify Puccinia barbatula include: aecia and aeciospors and uredinia and urediniospores large with walls chestnut-brown, strongly echinulate, with two equatorial germ pores, and teliospores with colorless walls. See under Puccinia banisteriae for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae.

PUCCINIA BECKI Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 509. 1913. TYPE on Vernonia cotoneaster (Willdenow) Lessing [Lepidaploa cotoneaster (Willdenow) H. Robinson] from Colombia, Cundinamarca, near Crus Verde, 15 Oct. 1910, E. Mayor-32. (0?/I?,II/III). On Compositae: Vernonia argyrotrichia Schultz-Bipontius ex Baker [ Lepidaploa argyrotrichia (SchultzBipontius ex Baker) H. Robinswon (, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 110). Puccinia becki has been reported also from Colombia, Ecuador, and Jamaica. Jackson (1932: 110) reported that his identifications of this Brazilian collection and another Holway collection from Ecuador were tentative. Spermogonia adaxial, sori conspicuous, extending along leaf veins, on yellowish hypertrophied spots, ; few in close groups, subepidermal, yellow or fading to blackish; 125-130 m high, 112-120 m wide, globoid and flask-shaped, ostiolar filaments present; 50 m long. Aecia (Aecidium sp.) abaxial; few, in groups opposite the spermogonia, and solitary; peridia cylindrical, membranous, becoming lacerate, peridial cells 26-32 m long; 16-23 m width; irregularly polyhedral, walls 1.5-2 m thick, rugose or prominently verrucose, colorless, white;. aeciospores 23-34 m long; 16-22 m wide, somewhat irregular or ellipsoid or globoid, cell wall 2 m thick, colorless; verrucose or with low warts often arranged in longitudinal lines, especially near either end, germ pores obscure. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or adaxial; irregularly scattered; erumpent or epidermal rupture inconspicuous, 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter; round; naked early and somewhat pulverulent; brown; Urediniospores 22-24 long; 18-22 m wide, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2 m thick; pale cinnamon; moderately echinulate; pores obscure. Telia abaxial; scattered; compact; pulvinate, round, 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter; chestnut brown; erumpent, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, germinating at maturity; teliospores 58-90 m long; 13-19 m wide, fusiform or cylindrical, cell wall 1-1.5 m thick; cinnamon-brown; smooth; pedicel: fragile; colorless, shorter than spore; up to 40 m long (Mayor, 1913). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA BERGII Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 168. 1880. TYPE on Poiretia tetraphylla (Poiret) Berkhart from Uruguay, Montevideo, Rio Maciel, date not recorded, C. Bergs.n. The host was mistakenly reported originally as Adesmia punctata. (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae: Poiretia tetraphylla (Poiret) Burkart (= Poiretia psoralioides DeCandolle), Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1959: 74; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 124). Puccinia bergii has been reported also from Argentina and Uruguay. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaflets, 0.3 mm across, scattered, cinnamon-brown, erumpent, epidermis, urediniospores and teliospores mixed in same sori, without paraphyses: urediniospores 19-29 x 17-23 m, globoid to irregularly elongate, wall 2-3 m thick moderately echinulate, reddish honey-colored, pores 3-4, about equatorial. Teliospores [60-85 x 18-20 m (fide Spegazzini, 1880); 35-68 m long (fide Dietel, 1937); 39-61 x 15-19 m (fide Joerstad, 1959) cylindrical to clavate, rounded above, constricted at septum, wall [uniformly thin (fide Spegazzini, 1880); thickened above with a colorless umbo 3-5 m thick (fide Dietel, 1937); about 1 m thick at sides, to 4 m above (Joerstad, 1959)], pale honey-colored or pale brown, pedicel 30 x 6 m, persistent, colorless (Spegazzini, 1880: Dietel, 1937; Joerstad, 1959). Puccinia bergii may be misplaced in Puccinia because true species of Puccinia probably do not occur on the family Leguminosae..

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Puccinia berkelyana De-Toni, see PUCCINIA DICHONDRAE Montagne. Puccinia bignoniacearum Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM BIGNONIACEARUM (Spegazzini) Cummins. Puccinia biocellata Vestergren ex Cummins; see PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins. Puccinia bidentis Dietel & Holway, see UROMYCES BIDENTICOLA Arthur. PUCCINIA BOEHMERIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 336. 1895. TYPE on Boehmeria sp.,Urticaceae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Nov 1891, A. Moller s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Puccinia boehmeriae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, often along veins, yellowish-brown, urediniospores 20-30 m in diameter to 20-32 x 15-22 m, globoid, subgloboid, to ellipsoid, wall colorless to pale yellow, echinulate. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, very small to medium size, scattered, pulvinate, brown, teliospores 28-42 x 15-27 m, clavate, rounded to flattened above, constricted at the septum, narrowed below, wall thickened to 5 m above, smooth, pedicel to 40 m long, colorless (Sydow, P. & H Sydow, 1903). PUCCINIA BOMAREAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 242. 1896. TYPE on Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herbert from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, Dec 1883, Ule-130. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo bomareae Lagerheim, in Patouillard & Lagerheim, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 11: 215. 1895. TYPE on Bomarea sp., Ecuador, Quito, Dec 1889, Lagerheim s n. = Aecidium bomareae Mayor, Mem. Soc. neuchateloise Sci. Nat. 5: 559. 1913. TYPE on Bomarea cf. caldasii (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Willdenow, from Colombia, Cundinamarca, Viota Valley, 24 Oct 1910, E. Mayor-14. Kern et al. (1933) report that Aecidium bomareae is an Uredo sp., not Aecidium; but Laundon (1966) places Aecidium bomareae as an anamorph of Puccinia pallor Arthur & Holway without eplaination. On Alstroemericaceae (Amaryllidaceae): Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herbert, Brazil (Hennings, 1896: 242). Bomarea ovata (Cav.) Mirbel, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 155). Bomarea sp., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 60), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-7667), Santa Catarina (Laundon, 1965: 34), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D: 296). Puccinia bomareae has been reported also from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Mexico. The family of Bomarea is sometimes reported as Amaryllidaceae. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia are on the abaxial side of leaves, irregularly scattered, circular, about 0.5 mm or less in diameter, cinnamon but becoming colorless in herbarium specimens, urediniospores are 23-32 x 18-24 m, broadly ellipsoid to globoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, evenly echinulate, colorless to pale yellow, pores obscure. Telia stromatic, around the uredinia or scattered singly on abaxial side of leaves, teliospores 34-65 x 18-26 m, cylindrical or clavate, sometimes angular and truncate above, usually slightly constricted at the septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 4-8 m thick at apex, yellowish smooth, pores apical and at the septum, pedicels to 10 m long, dark brown, yellowish, or pale. The telia of P. pallor, the only other Puccinia on Bomarea but not yet reported from Brazil, are non-stromatic and the teliospores have colorless walls (Laundon, 1965). We found numerous peripheral, capitate, colorless, thin-walled, usually collapsed paraphyses in uredinia of a specimen (Holway-887) from Ecuador. PUCCINIA BONARIENSIS Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 169. 1880. TYPE on Justicia tweediana Nees [Poikilacanthus tweedianus (Nees) Lindau], mistakenly reported originally as on Labiatae but corrected by Spegazzini (1925), from Argentina, Buenos Aires, Boca del Riachuelo, Jan 1880, Spegazzini s.n. (O/Icv,IIpe/III).

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On Acanthaceae Ruellia graecizans Baker, So Paulo (IBI-14104, ?85-23). Puccinia bonariensis has been reported before only from Argentina and only on Justicia sp. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, 120-140 m diam, globoid, with periphyses. Aecia in hypertrophied areas, cylindrical, aeciospores 20-32(-38) m diam, ellipsoidal, obovoidal, or polygonal; wall thin, densley and coarsely verrucose. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.30.5 mm diam, irregularly scattered or in concentric groups, very pale; urediniospores 25-32 x 20-25 m, ellipsoid to obovoid; wall 1-1.5 m thick, rather strongly echinulate except around the pores, pores difficult to see but apparently 2, equatorial and opposite. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.3-1.0 mm diam, irregularly scattered or in concentric groups in hypertrophied areas, pale yellowish, subepidermal in origin, erumpent; teliospores 42-55 x 17-27 m, short cylindrical, ellipsoidal to more or less fusiform, elongating and becoming narrower in germination, constricted at the septum, wall 1-2 m thick, not thickened above, hyaline to pale yellowish, smooth, pedicel up to 50 m long, persistent, hyaline, smooth. Spores germinating without dormancy. Puccinia borreriae P. Sydow & H. Sydow. Dietels (1909: 264) report of Puccinia borreriae on Borreria sp. from Belm is based on a missidentification of the rust. The rust is Puccinia lateritia Berkeley. Puccinia borreriae is based on an African type.

PUCCINIA BOUTELOUAE (Jennings) Holway, Ann. Mycol. 3: 20. 1905. (?/? IIpe/III). ' Diorchidium boutelouae Jennings, Bull. Texas Exp. Sta. 9: 25. 1890. TYPE on Bouteloua curtependula from The United States of America, Texas: College Station, Fall 1889, Jennings s.n.. = Puccinia gymnopogonis P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 755. 1903. TYPE on Gymnopogon foliosus (Willdenow) Nees from Brazil, Par: Santerem, June 1850, Spruce s.n. Anamorph Uredo chardoni Kern in Seaver et al., Sci. Surv. Puerto Rico & Virgin Isl. 8: 140. 1932. TYPE on Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribner [ reported as Bouteloua heterostega (Trinius) Griffiths] from Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 7 Dec 1931, C. E. Chardon & R. A. S. On Gramineae: Enteropogon mollis (Nees) Clayton (reported as Gymnopogon mollis Nees), Cear (Hennen & Cummins, 1956: 144; Joerstad, 1959: 61). Gymnopogon foliosus (Willdenow) Nees, Maranho (Hennen, 1954: 66), Par (Hennen, 1954: 66). Puccinia boutelouae has been reported also from Northern South America, Central America, The West Indies, and the southwestern United States of America, and has been reported also on several species of Bouteloua and Cathestecum. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, orange when fresh, without paraphyses, urediniospores (14-)16-23 x (12-)15-19 m, globoid or obovoid, wall (1.5)2-3 m thick, colorless or yellowish, echinulate, germ pores obscure, probably 6-8, scattered, amphispores not produced. Telia on both sides of leaves, blackish, pulvinate; teliospores (21-)25-33 x (18-)20-27(-29) m mostly broadly ellipsoid, mostly diorchidioid, wall 2.5-3 m thick at sides, 5-7 m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicel to 120 m long, colorless or golden, thin-walled and collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Hennen and Cummins (1956) reported that the diorchidioid form of the teliospores is the only trait that separated Puccinia boutelouae from Puccinia chloridis. See Puccinia cynanchi for a possible correlation of Puccinia boutelouae with that microcyclic species.
PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth var. ARRHENATHERI (Klebahn) Cummins & H. C. Greene, Mycologia 58: 709. 1966. TYPE on Arrenatherum elatius from Sweden, Stockholm, Experimentalfaltet, date not recorded, Eriksson s.n. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia hordeicola Lindquist, Rev. Fac. Agron. La Plata 33: 76. 1957. TYPE on Hordeum

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lechleri (Steud.) Schenk. from Argentina, place and date ?, Hirschorn. Cummins (1971) lists ten other teleomorph and two other anamorph synonyms whose types are not from South America. Synanamorphs On Gramineae Uredo paulensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 297. 1902. TYPE on Calamagrostis sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Botanical Garden, Dec 1901, Puttemans-462. On Berbericaceae Aecidium sp. Cummins and Greene (1966) report two inoculation experiments using basidiospores that resulted in Aecidium sp.: one on Berberis sp. in Europe and another on Mahonia sp. in North America. Infections are locally systemic. On Gramineae: Calamagrostis montevidensis Nees, Rio de Janeiro (Cummins & Greene, 1966). Calamagrostis sp. Brazil (Cummins, 1971: 168), So Paulo (Cummins & Greene, 1966). Phalaris angustata Nees, Rio Grande do Sul (Cummins & Greene, 1966). Phalaris sp., Rio Grande do Sul (Cummins & Greene, 1966). Phleum pratense Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (Cummins & Greene, 1966, this record was published originally by Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963, as Puccinia poae-nemoralis Otth). Puccinia brachypodii var. arrhenatheri is circumglobal, especially in temperate and cooler areas, and occurs on at least 16 genera of grasses. Cummins (1971) reported ten other teleomorph synonyms and two anamorph synonyms. Spermogonia and aecia localized or systemic, on Berberis; aeciospores (20-)23-27(-29) x (l6-)l9-23(-24) m, wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, verrucose. Uredinia on adaxial side of leaf, cinnamon-brown or paler, with abundant, mostly clavate or clavate-capitate, colorless paraphyses, (7-)l3-20(-23) m wide apically, to 120 m long, the "neck" constricted or not, wall uniformly (1-)2-4(-7) m thick; urediniospores (24-)26-33(-36) x (l8-)2l-26(-29) m, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid, or obovoid, wall (1-4-5-2(-2-5) m thick, pale yellowish to cinnamon-brown, closely echinulate, pores obscure, 8-12 scattered. Telia mostly on abaxial surface, blackish, covered by epidermis, brownish paraphyses usually scanty but sori sometimes loculate; teliospores (30-)36-50(-80) x (12-)15-22(-27) m, variable but mostly oblong or oblong-obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, (2-)3-5(-7) m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels 15 m or less long, brownish (Cummins, 1971). Cummins (1971) divided the Puccini brachypodii complex into four varieties, these sometimes difficult to distinguish because of the more or less continuous morphological variations. Puccinia brachypodii var. arrhenatheri has non-seriate sori and differs from var. brachypodii additionally because of longer urediniospores and teliospores. It has longer, usually browner urediniospores than var. poae-nemoralis. Traits that help to identify Puccinia brachypodii var. arrhenatheri include: sori not seriate as in Puccinia brachypodii var. brachypodii, uredinial paraphyses present, mostly capitate, walls of the stipe 2-5 m thick, walls thicker in the head than in the stipe, urediniospores echinulate, pores 8-12, scattered but obscure; telia long covered by the epidermis, teliospores brown. The systemic aecial habit of the Arrhenatherum rust fungus is not unique. Mains (Mycologia 25:407-417. 1933.) reported a similar development on Berberis fendleri Gray when infected by basidiospores from Koeleria cristata but the systemic habit is not typical of the North America fungus. In southern South America there are numerous systemic and localized aecia on Berberis. Their relationship is not known but it is suggestive that var. arrhenatheri is common on several genera of grasses in the area. Systemic aecia also occur in India and Pakistan. (Cummins, 1971) PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth var. POAE-NEMORALIS (Otth) Cummins & H.C. Greene, Mycologia 58: 705. 1966. (0/Icv IIpe/III). ' Puccinia poae-nemoralis Otth, Mitth. Natur. Ges. Bern 1870: 113. 1871. TYPE on Poa nemoralis from Switzerland, Bremgartenwald, date? Otth-s.n. = Puccinia pygmaea Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 29. 1897. TYPE on Poa annua L., Brazil, Santa Catarina: Tubero, Ule-1032. Not Puccinia pygmaea Erickson, 1895. ' Puccinia exigua Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 299. 1897, nom. nov. for Puccinia pygmaea Dietel. Cummins (1971) lists ten other teleomorph and six other anamorph synonyms whose types are not from South America. Synnanamorphs

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On Gramineae: Uredo poae-sudeticae Westendorp, Bull. Roy. Acad. Belg. II. 650. 1861. On Berberidaceae:Aecidium sp. Cummins (1971) reported that the Aecidium infections are localized, not systemic as in P. b. var. arrhenatheri, but he reported no taxa names for this anamorph. On Gramineae: Poa annua Linnaeus, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F3802), Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 299, Holway111). Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis is circumglobal in temperate climates and at high altitudes in the tropics, and occurs on at least 18 genera of grasses. Cummins (1971) lists ten other teleomorph and six other anamorph synonyms whose types are not from South America. Traits that help to identify Puccinia brachypodii var. poe-nemoralis include: uredinial paraphyses mostly capitate, walls of the stipe 2-5 m thick, walls thicker in the head than in the stipe, urediniospore walls echinulate, pores scattered; telia long covered by the epidermis, teliospores brown (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII-PHOENICOIDIS Guyot & Malencon var. CHISOSANA (Cummins) Cummins in Cummins & H.C. Greene, Mycologia 58: 719. 1966. (?/? IIpe/III). Puccinia pygmaea Eriksson var. chisosana Cummins, Southw. Nat. 8: 189. 1964. TYPE on Bromus anomalus Rupr. from The United States of America, Texas: Big Bend National Park, 28 May 1962, Cummins-62-415. On Gramineae: Bromus brachyanthera Doell., Paran (Cummins & Greene, 1966: 720; Cummins, 1971: 163). The Puccinia brachypodii-phenicoidis complex includes three varietes: P. b. var. brachypodiiphenicoidis, P. b. var. davisii, and P. b. var chisosana, the latter reported from Brazil, Mexico, and Texas. Variety chisosana differs from the other two because of more densely echinulate urediniospores and shorter teliospores (Cummins, 1971). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on adaxial side of leaf, yellowish brown, with abundant, capitate or clavate paraphyses, to 17 m wide in the head, wall 1 m thick below, 1-5-4(-6) m at apex, colorless; urediniospores (26-)28-33(35) x (21-)23-26(-27) m, wall 1.5-2 m thick, dull cinnamon-brown, densely echinulate, echinulae spaced 0.7-1.5 m, pores obscure, 8-10(-12?), scattered. Telia as in the species, teliospores 30-38(-42) x (l3-)l5-20(-23) m, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 3-5 m at apex (Cummins, 1971). The Puccinia brachypodii-phenicoidis complex has paraphyses with walls thin (about 1 m) in the stipe but abruptly thickened 3-7 m apically, while the Puccinia brachypodii complex has paraphyses with walls 2-5 m thick in the stipe (Cummins, 1971).. Puccinia bracchypus Spegazzini var. loliiphila Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA HORDEI Otth. Puccinia brittoi Rangel, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. ? PUCCINIA BUCHNERAE Cummins, (as nom. nov. Cummins), Mycologia 33: 385. 1941. TYPE on Buchnera cf. urticifolia R. Brown from New Guinea, Boana, 15 May 1940, M. S. Clemens s.n. (?/?,II/III). Cummins described telia in Latin based on the specimen cited here as the type, so the name is treated as a new species named by Cummins. Anamorph Uredo cumula Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 195. 1922. TYPE on Buchnera elongata Swartz from Cuba, 24 March 1921, J. R. Johnston-2530. On Scrophulariaceae: Buchnera lobelioides Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945B: 567; IAC-4832). Apparently, Puccinia buchnerae has been reported only from four widespread colections, the type of the teleomorph and an anamorph collection from New Guinea, the type of the anamorph from Cuba, and Vigascollection from So Paulo. The identification of the Brazilian collection needs to be confirmed. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, somewhat grouped or scattered, 0.1-0.4 mm across, flattened, ruptured epidermis noticeable, powdery, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 22-25 x 18-20 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovate; wall 1 m or less thick, finely echinulate, pale cinnamon-brown, pores 2, euatorial, indistinct (Arthur, 1922). Telia not seen; teliospores 28-38 x 10-13 m, ellipsoid, more or

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less rounded above and below, slightly constricted at the septum; wall about 0.5 m thick at sides, 2-2.5 m apically, pale cinnamon-brown, smooth; pedicel shorter than the spore, colorless, fragile (Cummins, 1941). The genus name of the host, Buchnera, is also used as a genus name for certain gamma-Protobacteria which are symbionts in specialized cells, bacteriocytes, in species of the insect group, aphids. The genomes of these Protobacteria are among the simplest known. Puccinia burmeisteri Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA GYMNOTHRICHIS P.Hennings. Puccinia cabo-friensis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA ARAUJAE. PUCCINIA CACABATA Arthur & Holway in Arthur, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 64: 179. 1925. TYPE on Chloris ciliata Swartz from Bolivia, Nor Yungas: Hacienda Anacuri, 5 June 1920, E.W.D. Holway & M.M. Holway-721. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia stakmanii Presley in Presley & King, Phytopathology 33: 385. 1943. Type on Bouteloua rothrockii from Arizona by inoculation. A specific specimen not cited. Synanamorphs On Gramineae: Uredo chloridis-berroi Spegazzini, Rev. Argentina Bot. 1: 135. 1925. TYPE on Chloris berroi Arechavaleti from Argentina, near La Plata, May 1920, C. Spegazzini. = Uredo chloridis polydactylidis Vigas, Bragantia 5: 82. 1945. TYPE on Chloris elata Desv. (= Chloris barbata Swartz) [reported as Chloris polydactyla (Linnaeus) Swartz] from Brazil, Paraiba: Exp. Sta.de Alagoinha, Alagoinha, Oct 1939, J. Deslandes-259. On Malvaceae: Aecidium gossypii Ellis & Everhart, Erythea 4: 3. 1896. TYPE on Gossypium hirsutum from Mexico, Baja California: San Jose del Cabo, September, 1893, T. S. Brandegee & Mary K. Brandegee-s.n.. On Gramineae: Chloris elata Desv. (= Chloris barbata Swartz) [reported as Chloris polydactyla (Linnaeus) Swartz Chloris polydactyla (:Linnaeus) Swartz, Minas Gerais (Arthur, 1925: 180), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 82; Hennen & Cummins, 1956: 132). Puccinia cacabata has been reported also on species of Bouteloua and Cathestichum and from Argentina to Texas and Arizona in The United States of America. Spermogonia and aecia, Aecidium gossypii, on species of Gossypium; aeciospores 16-21 x 15-16 m, wall 1-1.5 m thick, verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (22-)24-30(-32) x (l7-)l9-23(-25) m, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m, cinnamon-brown, often darker apically, echinulate, pores 3, rarely 4, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves and on stems, early exposed, blackish, pulvinate; teliospores (27-)34-40(-44) x (17-)20-24(-26) m, ellipsoid, oblong, or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2-3(-4) m thick laterally, 4-9 m apically, mostly chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels usually to about 90 m long, much longer in occasional collections, thick-walled, not collapsing, colorless to golden (Hennen & Cummins, 1956; Cummins, 1971). Traits that may help to identify Puccinia cacabata include: urediniospores walls echinulate, cinnamon-brown, and 3 or rarely 4 equatorial germ pores. Teliospores resemble those of Puccinia exasperans, P. vexans, and P. opuntiae in having thick-walled, non-collapsing pedicels. Puccinia cacabata Arthur & Holway is now known to be a long cycle heteroecious rust that produces spermogonia and aecia on Gossypium spp., Malvaceae, and uredinia and telia on several genera of grasses (Poaceae) in the Tribe Chlorideae. In Brazil the spermogonia and aecia have never been found but uredinia and telia have been recorded on Chloris polydactyla from Minas Gerais and So Paulo states. In North America this rust was studied extensively in the states of Arizona and Texas in the United States of America and in adjacent northern states of Mexico. In these regions this rust has caused much damage to cultivated cotton. T. S. Brandegee and his wife Mary K. Brandegee collected a rust on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, in San Jose del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico in September, 1893. They sent the specimen to the mycologists Ellis and Everhart in New Jersey who named the rust Aecidium gossypii in 1897. For a long time Aecidium

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gossypii was mistakenly thought to belong to the life cycle of Puccinia schedonnardi, another heteroecious rust that produces spermogonia and aecia on several other genera of Malvaceae, i.e. Althea and Hibiscus. Puccinia schedonnardi produces uredinia and telia on several grasses such as Muhlenbergia spp. After severe outbreaks of a rust on cotton in Arizona and Texas in the 1940's and 1950's two plant pathologists, Presley and King, working in Arizona discovered that the uredinia and telia of the cotton rust occur on species of the grass genus, Bouteloua. They determined that it was not P. schedonnardi. They made reciprocal inoculation experiments and proved the connection between the spermogonia and aecia on cotton and the uredinia and telia on Bouteloua spp. They believed the rust to be a new species and in 1943 named it Puccinia stakmanii in honor of Dr. E. C. Stakman, famous cereal plant pathologist at the University of Minnesota. Later, J. F. Hennen and G. B. Cummins published in 1956 the results of their comparative morphological study all of the rusts on species in the grass tribe Chlorideae, the tribe of Bouteloua and its close relatives. They determined that the basic morphology of P. stakmanii was the same as that of another rust, Puccinia cacabata, that had already been named by J. C. Arthur and E. W. Holway in 1925 from a rust specimen collected by Holway on Chloris ciliata from Bolivia. Thus, Hennen and Cummins study provided the basis for assigning the name Puccinia cacabata to this rust that attacks cotton because it had been published first.. Then, Preselys name, Puccinia stakmanii, became a taxonomic synonym of Puccinia cacabata. This rule of priority of publication is one of the basic principles of the Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This brief history of a rust on cotton is a relatively simple one that demonstrates how names of rust species may change as new information becomes available. PUCCINIA CALEAE Arthur var. CALEAE, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 40: 201. 1905. TYPE on Calea axillaris urticaefolia Robinson & Greenman from Mexico, Jalisco: Sayula, 8 Oct 1903, Holway5126. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo caleae Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 598. 1913. TYPE on Calea glomerata Klatt. from Colombia, a lectotype needs to be chosen from the three collections listed by Mayor, (Mayor-195, -195a, -195b). On Compositae: Calea cuneifolia DeCandolle, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 161). Calea sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 161). Calea uniflora Lessing, Rio Grande do Sul, (Joerstad, 1956: 467). Puccinia caleae var. caleae has been reported on Calea spp. from Brazil to Mexico and on Viguiera sp. from nearby Texas in The United States of America. Parmelee (1967) separates those collections with urediniospores with smooth spots around the two equatorial pores as P. caleae var. cuernavacae Parmelee, all of which are from Mexico and Central America. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaf. Aecia on abaxial side in small groups, peridium cylindrical, lacerate; aeciospores 23-29(-33) x 19-24 m, globoid or nearly so; wall colorless, about 1 m thick, verrucose with flat warts 1 m diam. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon brown; urediniospores (23-)2632(-37) x (18-)20-25 m, obovoid or ellipsoid; wall (1-)1.5-2 m thick, uniformly echinulate with spines spaced 2-4(-4.5) m, dark cinnamon-brown; pores 2, equatorial in slightly flattened sides, with caps. Telia on both sides of leaves or on adaxial side, exposed, becoming pulverulent, blackish brown; teliospores (36-)40-50(-54-)x (24-)26-30(-34) m, ellipsoid tending obovoid; wall smooth, (1.5-)2-3(-3.5) m thick at sides, dark chestnut brown, (3-)4-6(-7.5) m over pores as a slightly paler, low umbo, pore apical in upper cell, next to septum in lower call; pedicels 100 m or less long, colorless except yellowish near hilum (Cummins, 1978). Traits most useful for identification include: telia early exposed, teliospore walls smooth, dark brown, apical wall thickened as a low umbo, pore of lower cell at septum, teliospore pedicel persistent, mostly thick-walled and not collapsing; urediniospores (23-)26-32(-37) x (18-)20-25 m, broadly ellipsoid, wall evenly echinulate, with two equatorial pores with conspicuous caps; aecial morphology as the genus Aecidium (Cummins, 1978). Kern et al. (1933B) first connected Uredo caleae to P. caleae but Parmelee (1967) and Cummins (1978) made no reference to this connection. PUCCINIA CALLOSA Joerstad, Ark. Bot., Serie 2, Band 3: 474. 1956. TYPE on Vernonia obtusata Lessing [ Lessingianthus obtusatus (Lessing) H. Robinson, Compositae, from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Santa Ana de Chapada, 27 May 1903, G. O. Malme s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III).

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Puccinia callosa has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; urediiospores 29-36 x 28-35 m, globoid to subovoid, wall more or less evenly 5-6 m thick, pale brown, sparsely echinulate, pores 4, equatorial; telia as the uredinia but dark-black and subpulverulent; teliospores 42-55 x 29-40 m, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, mostly rounded above and below, not to slightly constricted at the septum, wall 5-9 m thick, not or only slightly thickened (to 10.5 m) at rhe apex, chestnutbrown, minutely verrucose, apical pore slightly depressed, pedicel to 60 m long, colorless, fragile (Joerstad, 1956). Puccinia callosa is very similar to Puccinia insculpta but P callosa has larger and thicker-walled urediniospores and teliospores (Joerstad, 1956). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia camargoi Puttemans, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Puccinia cambucae Puttemans, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Puccinia cameliae (Mayor) Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA CAMELIAE (Arthur) Buritic Puccinia cannae (Winter) P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel. Puccinia capsici Mayor, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. Puccinia capsici Averna-Sacca, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. Puccinia capsici Mayor, not that of Averna-Sacca, 1917, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. PUCCINIA CAVATICA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 68. 1932. TYPE on Hyptis carpinifolia Bentham, Labiatae, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, 22 Nov 1921, Holway1325. (?/?,IIcv/III). Puccinia cavatica has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia probably Caeoma-like, on both sides of leaves, mostly locally systemic along veins and on stems, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter, covered by the overarched epidermis, peridium absent or difficult to see; urediniospores catenulate, 20-24 x 20-22 m, globoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, coarsely verrucose, colorless. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter, pulvinate, pale cinnamon-brown at first, then grayish-white by germination, ruptured epidermis not conspicuous; teliospores 54-75 x 14-21 m, cylindrical, fusoid to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse above, mostly narrowed but rounded below, upper cell wider above and constricted lower down, wall about 1 m or less thick, smooth, pale cinnamon-brown, pedicel as long as or shorter than the spore, colorless (Jackson, 1932). The uredinia have the morphology of the anamorph genus Caeoma, although Jackson reported cells among the urediniospores that might be peridial cells, these 27-30 m in diameter, globoid, wall 1.5-3 m thick, closely verucose. Jackson (1932) reported that Uredo hammari P. Hennings, which also has the morphology of Caeoma, may be an anamorph of Puccinia cavatica. Uredo hammari P. Hennings also has Caeoma-like sori and may belong here. Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Hyptis, Lamiaceae, in the Americas Only anamorph spores considered Anamorph spores pedicellate Puccinia fidelis (0?Icv/IIpe,IIIsmhyal). Urediniospore pores 4 or 5, near hilum Urediniospore pores obscure, 2, supraequatorial.......................Puccinia gibertii (?/Icv,IIpe/IIIsm-IIIver). Urediniospore pores equatorial

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Urediniospore pores 3 .........................................................Puccinia insititia (?/?,IIpe/IIIsm). Urediniospore pores 2 Teliospore wall umbonate at apex.........................Puccinia hyptidis-mutabilis Teliospore wall uniform at apex Teliospores 45-84 m long ...................Puccinia neohyptidis Teliospores 30-40 m long......................Puccinia medellinensis Urediniospore pores subequatorial, near the hilum Urediniospore pores 1to 3 ....................................................Puccinia parilis Urediniospore pores 4or 5 ......... ............................Puccinia fidelis (0?Icv,IIpe,IIIhyal) Puccinia cavatica (?/?,IIcv/III). Anamorph spores catenulate, Caeoma-like Puccinia fidelis (0?Icv/IIpe,IIIsmhyal) Puccinia neohyptidis (0/Ica, IIpe/IIIsm). Only teleomorph spores considered Teliospore walls verrucose ...........................Puccinia distorta (0/-,-/III). Puccinia neohyptidis (0/Ica, IIpe/IIIsm). Teliospore walls smooth Puccinia fidelis (0?Icv,IIpe,IIIhyal) Puccinia gibertii (?/Icv,IIpe/IIIsm-IIIver). Teliospore wall umbonate at apex.........................Puccinia hyptidis-mutabilis Teliospore wall uniform at apex Teliospores 45-84 m long ...................Puccinia neohyptidis Teliospores 30-40 m long......................Puccinia medellinensis

*PUCCINIA CENCHRI Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 28. 1897. var. CENCHRI. TYPE Cenchrus multiflorus J. Presl from Mexico, Jalisco, Guadalajara, 12 Oct on 1896, Holway. (?/? IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo cenchrophila Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 316. 1909. TYPE on Cenchrus myosuroides Kunth from Argentina, Tucumn, April 1906, Spegazzini s.n. On Gramineae: Anthephora hermaphrodita (Linnaeus) Kuntze, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 19; IAC-2688). Cenchrus echinatus Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 297), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 19; IAC-2686), Penambuco (Batista & Bezerra, 1960: 21), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899;249), So Paulo (IBI-17602). Cenchrus sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 297). Puccinia cenchri var. cenchri has been reported from Argentina to the West Indies, the Southern United States of America, some Pacific Islands, and Japan (Ryuku Isls.). It has also been reported on Pennisetum sp. in Colombia. Puccinia cenchri var. africana Cummins from Uganda differs because its urediniospores have 4-5 equatorial germ pores instead of 2-3. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mainly on adaxial side of leaf, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (27-)31-34(-37) x (20-)24-27(-31) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, wall 2-3 m thick, prominently echinulate, cinnamon-brown, germ pores 2 or sometimes 3, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaf, covered by the epidermis , blackish brown, inconspicuous; spores 37-44(-51) x (17-)20-24 m, mostly oblong or clavate, wall 1.5 m thick at sides, 3-7 m apically, golden or chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 15 m long,, thin-walled, colored (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia cestri Dietel & P. Hennings, see CHRYSOCYCLUS CESTRI (Dietel & P.Hennings) H. Sydow. PUCCINIA CHAETOCHLOAE Arthur , Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 585. 1907. TYPE on Setaria macrosperma (reported originally as Chaetochloa macrosperma) from The United States of America, Florida: Miami, 25 Mar 1903, Holway s.n. (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia maublancii Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 159. 1916. TYPE on

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Paspalum densum Poiret from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Cubango near Niteroy, April 1914, Rangel-1162. Anamorph: Uredo chaetochloae Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 518. 1906. TYPE, the same collection as for Puccinia chaetochloae Arthur. On Gramineae: Paspalum densum Poiret, Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916: 159; Cummins, 1942: 678; 1971: 85). Paspalum paniculatum Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 55). Paspalum sp., Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-1404). Puccinia chaetochloae has been reported from Brazil to the southern United States of America and on the grass genera Ixophorus, Paspalum, Pennisetum, and Setaria (Cummins, 1971). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, rather long capped by the epidermis, cinnamon-brown, paraphyses inconspicuous, colorless or yellowish, thin-walled; urediniospores (26-)30-42(-50) x (19-)22-28(-30) m, mostly oval or oblong and commonly angular, wall 2 m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 3 or 4, equatorial. Telia blackish, covered by the epidermis, without paraphyses; teliospores (28-)32-40(-45) x (I7-)20-26 m mostly clavate or oblong-ellipsoid, usually angular, wall 1.5 m thick at sides, 2-4 m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicels to 25 m long, yellowish or golden, thin-walled and commonly collapsing, persistent (Cummins, 1971). Traits that help to identify Puccini chaetochloae include: uredinia with inconspicuous, colorless or yellowish, thin-walled paraphyses, urediniospores 30-40 m long, wall echinulate, germ pores 3-4 equatorial, telia long covered by the epidermis, teliospores mostly 32-40 m long. Puccinia chauensis (sic) Ellis & Everhart (name misspelled), see PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhart. Puccinia chichenensis Mains, see PUCCINIA GUARANITICA Spegazzini. PUCCINIA CHLORIDIS Spegazzini, Rev. Argentina Hist. Nat. 1: 172. 1891. TYPE on Chloris sp. from Paraguay, Paraguari, Feb 1884, Balansa-4310, -4312. Not Puccinia chloridis Dietel, 1892. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia bartholomei Dietel, Hedwigia 31: 290. 1892. TYPE on Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths (reported as Bouteloua oligostachia from the United States of America, Kansas: 4 March 1892, E. Bartholomew-522. = Puccinia trichloridis Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 298. 1909. TYPE (Lectotype) on Trichloris crinita (Lagasca) Parodi (reported as Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz) from Argentina, Salta: Perico, 22 Feb 1906, Spegazzini-sn. Anamorphs On Asclepiadaceae, aecia not reported for South America. Aecidium brandegei Peck, Bot. Gaz. Crawfordsville 3: 34. 1878. TYPE on Asclepias verticillata Linnaeus from The United States of America, Colorado: place and date not reported, Brandegee-s.n. = Aecidium jamesianum Peck, Bot. Gaz. Crawfordsville 5: 34. 1880. TYPE on Asclepias jamesii from The United States of America, New Mexico, place and date not reported, Brandegee-s.n.. = Puccinia jamesiana (Peck) Arthur, Bot. Gaz. Crawfordsville 35: 18. 1903. Basionym based on an Aecidium anamorph. On Gramineae Eustachys distichophylla (Lagasca) Nees (reported as Chloris distichophylla Lagasca, So Paulo (Hennen, 1954: 74.). Eustachys uliginosa (Hackel) Herter (reported as Chloris dusenii Ekman), Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 61). Chloris sp., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 113). Puccinia chloridis has been reported from Argentina to the Central United States of America, and on species of Bouteloua and Trichloris. An Aecidium sp. anamorph connection is unknown in South America.

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Spermogonia and aecia, Aecidium brandegei Peck., on species of Asclepias, Matelea, and Sarcostoma; aeciospores 18-26 x 16-23 m, wall colorless, 2-3 m thick at sides, 7-10 m at apex. Uredinia mostly on adaxial side of leaves, orange when fresh; urediniospores 18-23 x 16-22 m, mostly broadly obovoid or globoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m, colorless or yellowish, echinulate, pores obscure, 5-8, scattered. Telia mostly on adaxial surface, blackish, pulvinate; teliospores 26-40 x 16-25 m, mostly oblong-ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m at sides, 5-9 m apically, chestnut, smooth; pedicels up to 100 m long, golden brown, thin-walled, usually collapsing (Hennen and Cummins, 1956; Cummins, 1971). Based on morphological differences, Hennen and Cummins (1956) divided Puccinia chloridis Spegazzini into Puccinia dietelii Saccardo & Sydow - urediniospore wall apically thickened, and Puccinia chloridis Spegazzini - urediniospore wall uniformly thin. Other traits of Puccinia chloridis include uredinia without paraphyses, urediniospores echinulate with scattered or indistinct pores, and teliospores with pedicels that are thin-walled and collapse laterally. Puccinia dietelii has been reported on Chloris and Dactyloctenium and from North America, Africa, and only Argentina in South America. Puccinia chrysanthemi Roze, see PUCCINIA TANACETI DeCandolle var. TANACETI. PUCCINIA CIRCINANS Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 30. 1897. TYPE on undetermined Compositae genus from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Oro Preto, Mar1892, Ule-1856. (?/?,?/III). Puccinia circinnans has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Telia small, pulvinate, chestnut-brown, on abaxial side of leaves, irregularly scattered on young leaves or in small concentric circles up to 3 mm across on older leaves, on indeterminate yellowish spots; teliospores 27-33 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid, ends rounded to narrowed at the base, not constricted at the septum, wall more or less evenly 3-5 m thick, yellowish-brown, smooth, pedicel about as long as the spore, colorless, firm (Sydows, 1902). Teliospores may germinate in situ without a dormancy period. The habit of the telia suggest that the species is microcyclic. Puccinia circinata Arthur, see PUCCINIA INSUETA Winter. PUCCINIA CLAVIFORMIS Lagerheim, Tromso Mus. Aarsh 17: 53. 1895. TYPE on Solanum sp. from Suriname, date and collector not reported. (-/-,-/III). ' Dicaeoma claviformis (Lagerheim) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3(3): 468. 1898. = Puccinia huallagensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 158. 1904. TYPE on Solanum sp. from Peru, Cerro de Ponasa, January 1902, Ule-3243. = Puccinia solanicola Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat. 5: 505. 1913. TYPE. A lectotype needs to be chosen from the four specimens collected in 1910 from Colombia on Solanum spp.and listed by Mayor. On Solanaceae: Solanum sp., Amap (Soto 910219), Par (Dietel, 1909: 265). Puccinia claviformis has also been reported from Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Trinidad, and Panama. Kern (1933) published a key for the nine micrcyclic species of Puccinia that are known on Solanum spp. from the Neotropics. These are known mostly from the western cordilleras. Some are difficult to separate by their morphology. Pucinia claviformis is the most common of these. Puccinia solani-tristis is another microcyclic species of Puccinia on Solanum sp. that has been reported from Brazil. Kern (1933) uses the following traits for identifying Puccinia claviformis: Telia in groups, not distributed evenly over large areas, teliospores mostly two-celled, clavate to ellipsoid-clavate, more or less constricted at the septum, 30-55 m long, wall 1.5-2 m thick laterally, and 4-7 m thick at the apex. update Jan2003 PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres, Catal. Pl. Omis. p. 24. 1823. TYPE on Cnicus oleraceus Linnaeus (Cirsium oleraceae) from northern France. (-/-,-/III). Synonyms based on types mostly from the Americas are given here.

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= Puccinia xanthii Schweinitz, Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 73. 1822. TYPE on Xanthium sp. from The United States of America, North Carolina: Salem and Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, dates not reported, Schweinitz s.n. = Puccinia asteris Duby, Bot. Gall., p.288. 1830. TYPE information not found. = Puccinia argentina Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 169. 1880. TYPE on Picrosia longifolia D. Don (or ? Hieracium sp. fide Farr, 1973) from Argentina, = Puccinia picrosiae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1:31. 1904. TYPE on Picrosia longifolia D. Don, Compositae, Brazil. Locality, date of collection, and collector not reported. = Puccinia doloris Spegazzini, Annal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12-68. 1881. TYPE on Erigeron bonariensis from Argentina, Doloris, Dec 1880, Spegazzini-s.n. = Puccinia spilanthis P. Hennings (published as P. spilanthidis), Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 14. 1892. Type on Spilanthes salzmanni DeCandolle from Brazil, locality and date not recorded, Martius-438. = Puccinia melampodii Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 32. 1897. TYPE on Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DeCandolle from Mexico. Morelos: Cuernavaca, 25 Sept 1896, Holway. = Puccinia synedrellae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 37: 277. 1898. TYPE on Synedrella nodiflora Gaertner from Jamaica, Port Antonio, 21 Feb 1893, Humphry s.n. = Puccinia emiliae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 37: 278. 1898. TYPE on Emilia sagittata DeCandolle from Jamaica, Bog Walk, 3 April 1893, Humphrey s.n. = Puccinia acanthospermi P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 296. 1902. TYPE on Acanthospermum xanthioides DeCandolle, Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Hort. botan. Puttemans-424. = Puccinia zinniae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. I: 188. 1903. TYPE on Zinnia tennuiflora from Mexico, Jalisco: Chapala, date not reported, Holway. = Puccinia acanthospermi H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 17. 1903. TYPE on Acanthospermum xanthoides from Venezuela, Caracas, date not reported, Moritz s.n. = Puccinia diaziana Arthur, Bot. Gaz. 40: 203. 1905. TYPE on Verbesina encelioides A. Gray (Ximensia encelioides Cav.) from Mexico, Coahuila: Porfirio Diaz, 10 Oct 1900, = Puccinia eleutherantherae Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 7: 354. 1909. TYPE on Eleutheranthera ruderalis Schultz-Bipontius from Brazil, Par, Museum Goeldi in Belm, December, 1907, C. F. Baker sn. = Puccinia wedeliae Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 528. 1913. TYPE on Wedelia trichostephia DdCandolle from Colombia, Antioquia: Medellin, 6 Augst 1910, Mayor-237. = Puccinia ordinata H. S. Jackson & Holway, in Arthur, Am. Jour. Bot. 5: 530. 1918. TYPE on Calea insignis from Guatemala, Quezaltenango, = Puccinia semota H. S. Jackson & Holway, in Arthur, Am. Jour. Bot. 5: 531. 1918. TYPE on Hymenostephium cordatum (reported as Gymnolomia subflexuosa B. & H.) from Guatemala, Solola, 28 Jan 1915, Holway-146. = Puccinia tetranthi H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 17: 33. 1919. TYPE on Tetranthus literalis from Haiti, Tete de l'Acul du Sud, 7 Sept ("7.9")1908, E. Christ-1987. On Compositae: Acanthospermum australe (Loefling) Kuntze, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 296; Vigas, 1945: 15; IAC-4138), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 15; IAC-3674), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 160; Vigas, 1945: 15; IAC-3682); So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 160; Vigas, 1945: 15; IAC-1440, IBI-1895). Acanthospermum xanthioides DeCandolle, So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D; 296; 1904A: 79). Acanthospermum sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 79), So Paulo (Puttemans-424). Eleutheranthera ruderalis Schultz-Bip., Amap (Soto-920203), Par (Dietel, 1909B: 354). Emilia sonchifolia DeCandolle, Amap (Soto-930110), Bahia (84-239/IBI15309), Cear (IBI 17596), Maranho (IBI-14066), Mato Grosso (IBI 16130), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI14379), Minas Gerais (IBI 13496), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-460, IBI 13240), So Paulo (IBI 14171). Emilia sp., Par (Dietel, 1909: 263). Melampodium sp., Amap (Soto-920226). Picrosia longifolia D. Don, Brazil (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1:31. 1904. Locality,

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date of collection, and collector not reported). Spilanthes acmella Murray, Acre (IBI 17687), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 49; IAC-2672, -2916), So Paulo (IBI-15461). Spilanthes ocymifolia A.H. Moore, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 168). Spilanthes oleracea Linnaeus, Amazonas (IAN-501), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 149; 85-4/15479), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 49; IAC-3480, IBI-277). Spilanthes uliginosa Swartz, Maranho (85-157/15162), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 168). Spilanthes sp., Amap (Soto-920211A), Minas Gerais (IBI 15885). Stenachaenium megapotanicum Baker, Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1956: 471). Puccinia cnici-oleracei is a microcyclic, cosmopolitan, collective rust species that has been reported by one or another of its synonyms on at least 20 genera of Compositae. Although there may be rust populations within this collective species that are specialized on different host populations, on all hosts this rust has the same basic morphology. The many names that have been applied to one or more parts of this complex are based mostly on finding the rust on a different host species. In the Americas it has been reported often as Puccinia melampodii. Puccinia cnici-olaracei, or one of its synonyms, has been reported on the following genera of Compositae: Acanthosperma, Ambrosia, Baccharis, Calea, Eclipta, Eleutherantha, Elvira, Emilia, Erigeron, Hymenostephium, Melampodium, Milleria, Parthenium, Senecio, Spilanthes, Stenachaenium, Synedrella, Tetranthus, Tridex, Verbesina, Wedelia, and Xanthium. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia absent. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, or rarely on both sides, often on yellowish and finally dead spots, in small compact circular goups, often spreading when infecting vascular tissue, blackish brown becoming grayish by germination from the center of the group. Teliospores (32-)37-50(-55) x (13-)15-20(-23) m, narrowly obovoid to obovoid or oblong, constricted at septum, wall (1-)1.5(-2.5) m at sides, . (4-)6-10(-16) m at apex, yellow- brown to redish-brown, smooth, not laminate, pore apical in upper cell, at septum in lower cell, pedicel 15-55 m long, light to dark yellow-brown. (Parmelee, 1967; Cummins, 1978). Except for the numerous one-celled teliospores Puccinia spilanthicola could be placed in Puccinia cnici-oleracei. Puccinia argentina on Picrosia sp. has been reported from Argentina. From Brazil it was reported as Puccinia picrosiae, the latter has been reported only from the type. Lindquist (1983) concluded that Puccinia picrosiae is a synonym of P. argentina and suggested that this species is part of the Puccinia cnicioleracei complex. Cummins (1978) and Parmelee (1967) recorded Puccinia xanthii as a separate species based only on host. They listed 14 other rust names as synonyms of Puccinia melampodii.that we include as synonyms of P. cnicii-oleracei. In North America Cummins (1978) noted that "numerous binomials have beeen consigned to the synonomy of P. melampodii and others keyed here are scarcely separable on morphological bases". In this Catalogue we place all of these names as synonyms of Puccinia cnici-oleracei, which we believe is the oldest name that applies to this collective morphological species world wide. Puccinia barranquillae (Mayor, 1913) reported as on Spilanthes from Colombia and Venezuela probably also belongs here. Arthur (1934) reported Puccinia xanthii as a microcyclic species correlated with the long cycle, heteroecious species Puccinia canaliculata, which produces uredinia and telia on many species of Cyperus, Cyperaceae, and spermogonia and aecia on species of Ambrosia and Xanthium, and other genera of Compositae. We suggest that all of the populations of Puccinia cnici-oleracei on its many different hosts are short cycle derivatives of rusts on Cyperaceae. Besides Puccinia canaliculata at least six other species of Puccinia in North America have been reported on Cyperaceae whose spermogonia and aecia are on species of Compositeae. Perhaps some of these are also parental species of certain populations of Puccinia cnicioleracei. The term "lepto-form" has been applied to Puccinia cnici-oleracei and other rust species whose teliospores germinate in situ without a dormancy period. In short-cycle species the telial sori become a characteristic gray-white color, termed cinerious, after germination. However, Figueiredo et al. (1991), using populations of P. cnici-oleracei on Emilia and Spilanthes, reported experimental results that showed great variability in the germination of teliospores over time within a given telium. They concluded that the term lepto-form should be used only as a very general term that indicates only that at least some or perhaps a majority of teliospores germinate without dormancy.

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The occurrence of Puccinia cnici-oleracei (and P spilanthicola) on Spilanthes spp., jamb, is of special interest in Brazil because the leaves of these species are used widely in regional cooking for flavoring. See Puccinia obrepta for a key to other species of rusts on Wedelia. PUCCINIA COCCOCYPSELI H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 98. 1932. TYPE on Coccocypselum condalia Persoon, Rubiaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Campos do Jordo, 27 April 1922, Holway-1777. (-/-,-/III). Puccinia coccocypseli has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not formed. Telia on yellowish spots on abaxial side of leaves in densely crowded, often concentric groups 3-8 mm across; sori 0.2-0.4 mm. across, soon naked, pulvinate, cinnamon- to pale chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis mostly inconspicuous, teliospores 24-34 x 10-13 m, ellipsoid, to oblong-fusoid, rounded or often obtuse above, rounded or sometimes narrowed below to pedicel, slightly or not constricted at septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick, not or slightly thickened to 3 m above, smooth, hyaline to pale golden-brown, pedicel as long as spore or frequently shorter, hyaline, fragil (Jackson, 1932). Puccinia codonanthes H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PUCCINIA GESNERACEARUM Dietel. PUCCINIA COMMELINAE Holway, Ann. Mycol. 2: 393. 1904. TYPE on Commelina sp. from Mexico, Jalisco: Guadalajara, 28 Sept 1903, Holway-5061. (?/?,II/III). On Commelinaceae Commelina sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-16315), Rio de Janeiro (IBI-13056), So Paulo (IBI-12016). Puccinia commelinae Holway has been reported also from Mexico, and The West Indies. Uromyces commelinae Cooke and Puccinia commelinae are difficult to separate in the uredinial stage, the stage most often collected. Jackson (1926) reported Uromyces commelinae on Tradescantia elongata from Trememb, So Paulo and Gavea, Rio de Janeiro. But he suggested that because telia were not present the identifications may be incorrect. We have studied these collections in PUR and reidentified them as Puccinia commelinae. Our study of uredinia of these two species indicated that they may be tentatively separated by the following comparison: 1. Urediniospore wall chestnut-brown, 2-2.5(-3) m thick, with more or less smooth spots around the two Uromyces commelinae Cooke. equatorial pores. 2. Urediniospore wall cinnamon-brown, 1.5-2 m thick, more or less uniformly echinulate, not or only Puccinia commelinae Holway. rarely with smooth spots around the two equatorial pores.. Durrieu (1979, Mycotaxon 9: 484) named a very similar rust from Nepal Puccinia commelinae Durrieu. If this rust proves to be different from Puccinia commelinae Holway, it will require a new name. Puccinia compacta Kuntze, see PUCCINIA CONCRESCENS Ellis & Everhart. Puccinia compressa Arthur & Holway, see PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Arthur & Holway) Buritic & Hennen. Puccinia compressa Dietel, see PROSPODIUM COMPRESSUM (Dietel) Cummins. PUCCINIA CONCRESCENS Ellis & Everhart in Arthur, Mycologia 7: 240. 1915. Nom. nov. for Puccinia compacta Kunze. (-/-,-/III). Puccinia compacta Kuntze in Bubak, Hedwigia Beibl. 92: (30). 1903. TYPE on Asclepias curassavica Linnaeus (reported originally as unidentified) from Surinam, Weigelt Exsiccati. Not P. compacta Berkeley, 1855; or DeBary, 1858. On Asclepiadaceae: Asclepias curassavica Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 493), So Paulo (IBI-3539). Puccinia concrescens has been reported also from northern South America, Puerto Rico, and Cuba, also on Calotropis and Funastrum. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia on abaxial side of leaves in orbicular groups on discolored spots, pulvinate, crowded but distinct, becoming confluent at the center into a cushon-like mass 2-4 mm across, chestnut-brown, often darker in the center of the groups and paler at edges; teliospores 20-40

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x 10-20 m, oblong-elliptic, often irregular, rounded or obtuse at both ends, or often somewhat narrowed below, slightly or not constricted at the septum, septum ocassionally oblique; wall uniformly 1.5-2 m thick or slightly thicker at apex; pedicel as long as or longer than the spore, usually deciduous. (Arthur, 1922). Puccinia cynanchi (Puccinia obliqua), the most common microcyclic species on Asclepiadaceae, differs because its teliospores are globoid or broadly obovoid. PUCCINIA CONFORMATA H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 30: 91. 1932. TYPE on Aspilia setosa Baker, Compositae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Neu Wurttemberg, Estanzia Lourenzo Gomez, 25 April 1905, A. Bornmueller-517. (?/?,IIpe/III). Puccinia conformata has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Lindquist (1982) did not include this species. PUCCINIA CONGESTA Berkeley & Broome. 1871. TYPE on Polygonum chinense (originally reported as unidedntified) from Sri Lanka , Habgala, Jan 1868, ? collector. (-/-or?,-orII?/III). ' Puccinia consimilis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 10. 1895. TYPE on Polygonum sp. from Java, Sakawana1, 4 Jan 1884, Graf Solms-Laubach. Not P. consimilis Ellis & Everhart, 1891. = Puccinia solmsii P. Hennings ex Saccardo, TYPE on Polygonum sp., Syll. Fung. 11: 196., 14: 357. 1899. On Polygonaceae: Polygonum acuminatum Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Brazil (Sydow, P. & H., Mon. Ured. 1: 568. 1907). Puccinia congesta has been reported as widespread in southeast Asia, China, and Japan. It was reported from Brazil by the Sydows (1907) but no specimen was cited. New specimens are required to clarify the identity of this rust in Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia and uredinia questionable. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.6 mm across, on large roundish dark brown to purplish spots 2-10 mm across, clustered in roundish groups 1-9 mm across, fused with each other, soon naked, solid, erumpent, cinnamon-brown; teliospores 30-50 x 15-24 m, ellipsoid to clavate, roundish at both ends, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, not or slightly thickened at apex or thickened to 3-4 or rarely to 6 m, germ pores apical in upper cell, at septum in lower cell, the two cells easily separating, pedicels to 110 m long, persistent, hyaline. One celled and 3-celled spores also produced (Hiratsuka, N. et al., 1992). Hiratsuka et al. (1992) reported that the correct name for this Asian fungus is Puccinia congesta Berkeley & Broome, 1871, and synonyms include Puccinia consimilis P. Hennings (not P. consimilis Ellis & Everhart), and P. solmsii P. Hennings. The life cycle seems to be microcyclic but some authors have reported uredinia and even aecia associated with telia. Puccinia consimilis Ellis & Everhart, see PUCCINIA CONGESTA Berkeley & Broome PUCCINIA CONSPERSA Dietel var. CONSPERSA, Hedwigia 36: 30. 1897. TYPE on Salvia sp. from Brazil, Santa Caterina: Serra Geral, April, 1891, Ule-1776. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Puccinia uliginosa Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 23: 26. 1912. TYPE on Salvia uliginosa from Argentina, Buenos Aires, June 1910, Spegazzini s.n. Not Puccinia uliginosa Juel, 1894. On Labiatae: Salvia arenaria Saint-Hilaire, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 74; Baxter, 1953: 122). Salvia calanstrina Pohl, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1959: 70). Salvia itatiaiensis Dusen, Rio de Janeiro (Joerstad, 1959: 70). Salvia sellowiana Bentham, Rio de Janeiro (Joerstad, 1959: 70), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 74; Baxter, 1953: 122). Salvia splendens Sellow, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 74; Baxter, 1953: 122). Salvia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 74; Baxter, 1953: 122,), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 74; Baxter, 1953: 122), Serra Geral (Dietel, 1897: 30). Puccinia conspersa var. conspersa has been reported also from Argentina and Puccinia conspersa var. paramensis (Mayor) Baxter on Salvia carnea Kunth in Colombia and on Salvia killipiana Epling in Venezuela (Baxter, 1953).

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Spermogonia epiphyllous, in groups, subepidermal, globoid, cinnamon-brown, 85-165 m in diameter. Aecia amphigenous, scattered or in groups up to 2 mm. across or up to 3 mm. in length along the veins; peridial cells 20-27 x 27-43 m in surface view, elliptical or oblong, hyaline, inner wall 2-4 m, coarsely verrucose, the tubercles forming conspicuous ridges, outer wall 6-10 finely verrucose; aeciospores catenulate, 16-23 x 23-33 m, globoid or ellipsoid, occasionally angularly ellipsoid or oblong,; wall 1-2 m thick, pale yellow, finely verrucose. Uredinia hypophyllous, 0.1-0.7 mm. in diameter, scattered. round, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown, orange or yellowish; urediospores 16-23 x 20-26(-30) m, asymmetrical, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid with the pores in surface view, narrower and more nearly oblong with the pores in optical section; wall about 1 m thick, pale cinnamon, echinulate , pores 2, equatorial. Telia hypophyllous, occasionally also caulicolous, scattered or in groups , 0.1-0.5 mm. in diameter on leaves, 0.5-1.5 mm. across and up to 3 mm. long on stems, up to 2 mm. across, round or elliptic, pulvinate, somewhat compact, chestnut-brown; teliospores 17-23(-28) x 26-40(-43) m, ellipsoid or oblong,, rounded at both ends, not or slightly constricted at the septum, germinating without a resting period; wall cinnamon-brown or yellowish, smooth below, verrucuose or nearly smooth above, 1-1.5 m thick, thickened to 2-3 m at the angles of the septum, pore of upper cell apical, of lower next to the septum, each capped by a hyaline umbo 2-4 m thick; pedicel about 1/2 the length of the spore, occasionally up to 65 m long, hyaline, thin-walled, fragile, frequently breaking away completely (Baxter, 1953). The teliospores of Puccinia conspersa are somewhat like those of P. soledadensis in general appearance, but are much smaller. The urediospores are characteristically asymmetrical with the pores located in the flattened sides. Puccinia conspersa seems to be the most common rust on Salvia in Brazil. "This species was described as having; aecia and telia only. All our specimens show uredinia or urediniospores in the telia. Puccinia uliginosa Speg. was described with uredinia and later with aecia. Our material fits the measurements and description of both species very well, though no previous collections have been seen. P. conspersa was originally collected at Serra Geral, Brazil. In some collections careful examination shows that the spores are minutely and very inconspicuously verrucose above".(Jackson, 1931). Examination of the type specimen of P. uliginosa Speg. shows that Jackson (1931) was correct in listing this species as a synonym of P. conspersa (Baxter, 1953). PUCCINIA CONSULTA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 140. 1932. TYPE on orgyalis DeCandolle from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Teresopolis, 30 Sept 1921, Holway-1176. (0/Icv,IIcv/III). Anamorph Caeoma sp., unnamed. On Compositae: Baccharis orgyalis DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 140; PUR-F8175). Baccharis pauciflosculosa DeCandolle, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 140; PUR-F8178). Baccharis schultzii Baker, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 140), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 140). Baccharis sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 140). Puccinia consulta has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia loosely grouped on pale yellow spots on adaxial side of leaves, numerous, 90-120 m high, 75-90 m wide, deeply immersed, golden-yellow at first turning brown, periphyses extending 30-45 m above the ostiole. Aecia with the morphology of Caeoma sp., 0.5-1.0 mm across, on the abaxial side of leaves, mostly single but also in groups of 2-4, erumpent; aeciospores 30-40 x 20-26 m, subglobose to narrowly ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, minutely but conspicuously verrucose-rugose, verrucae often confluent but not striate, colorless. Uredinia, if present, like the aecia but without spermogonia. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, often between the anamorph sori, 0.2-0.5 mm across, compact, pulvinate, pale chestnut-brown, turning gray by germination, ruptured epidermis not conspicuous; teliospores 45-60 x 18-24 m, clavate, ellipsoid to oblong, rounded above, rounded to narrowed below, not or slightly constricted at the septum, wall 1 m (1.5-2 m fide Lindquist, 1958) thick at sides, 5-8 m thick at apex, pale cinnamon- to golden-brown, smooth,at times apical pore with a small papila; pedicel equal to or up to twice the length of the spore, mostly shorter, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Both Jackson (1932) and Lindquist (1958) report that Puccinia montoyae Mayor from Colombia differs because it has teliospores that are strongly constricted at the septum and only slightly thickened to 4 m at the apex, this thickening often only at the sides of the germ pore, and anamorph spores that are smaller, 26-30 x 21-26 m, and their walls have verrucae arranged in longitudinal rows.

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Species of Puccinia are known to parasitize species of Baccharis only in the Americas. Lindquist (1957) reported at least 55 of these species. Thus, Baccharis has more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA CONVOLVULI Castagne, Obs. 1: 16. 1842. TYPE on Convolvulus arvensis L. from Europe. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Synanamorphs Uredo bete var convolvuli Persoon, Syn. Method. fung. p. 221, 1801. Aecidium calystegiae Desm. Ann. sc. nat. Ser. III, Bd. VIII, p14. 1847. On Convolvulaceae: Convolvulus sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 495). Puccinia convolvuli has been reported from South America only this one time from Brazil but has been reported frequently from Europe, Africa, Japan, The Middle East, and North America. New collections are needed to confirm that it occurs in Brazil. Urediniospores 23-33 x 18-26 m, walls 2-2.5 m thick, echinulate, cinnamon-brown, germ pores (2-)3 equatorial or slightly superequatorial, pores are illustrated in European literature as supraequatorial with smooth areas on the walls below the pores. Teliospores 42-55 x 23-31 m, oblongellipsoid, walls 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, 5-5.5(-9) m thick at apex, smooth, chestnut-brown. In addition to Convolvulus, Puccinia convolvuli has been reported on species of Calystegia (a synonym of Convolvulus by some authors), Ipomoea, and Solidanella. Other synonyms of this rust are given in Sydow & Sydow (1902) and Arthur (1907), mainly from European collections. PUCCINIA CONYZAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 239. 1896. TYPE on Conyza triplinervia Lessing from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, April 1888, Ule-900. (?/?,II/III). = Puccinia baccharidis-triplinervis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 241. 1896. TYPE on Conyza triplinervia Lessing (reported originally as Baccharis triplinervis) from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, ? date , Ule-96, Ule-1449. = Puccinia sordida Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 31. 1897. TYPE on Conyza triplinervia Lessing (reported originally as Baccharis triplinervis) from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Itajahy, Serra Geral, Nov 1885, Ule-1700. On Compositae: Conyza triplinervia Lessing [host binomial transferred as Baccharidastrum triplinervium (Lessing) Cabrera, 1937], Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 128; Joerstad, 1956: 460), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 128), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 241; Dietel, 1897: 31), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 128). Puccinia conyzae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered on brownish leaf spots mostly on the abaxial side, minute, long covered by the epidermis, pale brown to whitish, urediniospores 18-35 x 16-22 m, subgloboid, ellipsoid, to ovoid, wall echinulate, nearly colorless; telia scattered on yellowish leaf spots on the abaxial side, minutre, pulvinate, dark brown, teliospores 40-52 x 19-27 m, oblong, occasionally ellipsoid to irregular, rounded or rarely narrowed above, very slightly consrtricted at the septum, rounded to narrowed below, wall thickened to 8 m and paler above, smooth, cinnamon-brown, pedicel as long as the spore, colorless. (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1903). PUCCINIA CORDIAE Arthur, Mycologia 8: 17. 1916. TYPE on Cordia alliodora (Ruis & Pavon) Chamisso, Boraginaceae, from Puerto Rico, Ponce, January 1911, Holway. (O/Icv,IIcv/III). ' Bullaria cordiae (Arthur) Arthur & Mains, North American Flora 7: 429. 1921. Anamorph Caeoma cordiae (P. Hennings) J. Hernndez & J. Hennen, ? inedit. ' Uredo cordiae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 163. 1904. TYPE on Cordia sp. from Peru: Tarapoto, Oct 1902, Ule-3241. We transfer Uredo cordiae to the anamorph genus Caeoma because the spores are catenulate and there is no peridium. The anamorph name Caeoma cordiae applies to both aecia and uredinia. The sori that are intimately associated with spermogonia are probably aecial in function and are locally systemic and induce witches brooms. On Boraginaceae:

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Cordia trichotoma Velloso, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 20; IAC-3799). Cordia sp., So Paulo (IBI-15761). Puccinia cordiae has been reported also from Argentina, Peru, Central America, Mexico, and The West Indies. The best traits to use for identifying P. cordiae are its verrucose anamorph spore walls together with the larger size of the anamorph and teleomorph spores. Three other closely related species of Puccinia occur on Cordia spp. in the Neotropics. The teliospores of these species are similar. In the long cycle species both the urediniospores and aeciospores are catenulate. The following key shows the differences between the species of Puccinia on Cordia in tne Neotropics. Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Cordia, Boraginaceae, in the Americas 1. Short cycle species, only telia P. corticola Arthur & J. R. Johnston .(produces large perennial galls on stems and trunks of infected hosts). Reported only from Trinidad. 1. Long cycle species. 2. 2. Urediniospores echinulate P. johnstonii Arthur. (synonyms include P. bulbilipes Hennen & Cummins and P. gerasacanthi Urban). Known from Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean Islands. 2. Urediniospores verrucose. 3. 3. Urediniospores 20-27 x 16-20 m teliospores 28-38 x 18-26 m,pedicels not swollen. Known only from Belize.P. ciliata Mains. 3. Urediniospores 28-35 x 21-25 m teliospores 34-55 x 19-26 m,pedicels swollen. Widespread from Mexico to Argentina, P. cordiae Arthur. Puccinia cordiae Vestergren, Micromycetes rar. sel. Fasc. LV no. 1374. 1909. nomen nudum. This name was on the exsiccate label issued by Vestergren but a description of the rust was never published. The specimen was reported to be on leaves and stems of Cordia gerascanthus from Jujuy Provence, Argentina colected by R. E. Fries, 13 June 1901. Hennen et al. (1982) mistakenly placed Uromyces cordiae P. Hennings as a synonym of Puccinia cordiae Arthur. See UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway. PUCCINIA CORONATA Corda, Icon. Fung. l: 6. 1837. TYPE on "Luzula albida (= error for Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth. or C. villosa (Chaix) J. F. Geml." from ? Czech Republic, "Liberec, Reichenberg". (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia rhamni (Persoon) Wettstein, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Wien 35: 545. 1886. Cummins (1971) reports 15 binomials as synonyms for Puccinia coronata. On Gramineae: Avena sativa Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 303; IBI-2015), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 116), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-4715), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 21; IAC395; IBI-1773; Puttemans-360). Lolium perenne Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 113), So Paulo(Vigas, 1945: 21; IAC-2705; IBI-17742). Lolium multiflorum Lamarck, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 113; IAN-727). Puccinia coronata occurs circumglobally on nearly 50 genera of grasses. Cummins (1971) reported variety avenae (Fraser & Ledingham Sci. Agr. 13:322. 1933) on Avena spp. and three other varieties, but states that the varieties are not very distinct. Aecia (Aecidium rhamni Persoon) have been reported on species of Berchemia, Rhamnus, and Elaeagnus (incl. Shepherdia) in the Northern Hemisphere; aeciospores 16-24 x 15-19 m, wall 1-1.5 m thick, verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mainly on adaxial side, brownish yellow to yellow (when fresh), with a few peripheral, colorless, more or less cylindrical, mostly thin-walled paraphyses, these rarely abundant; urediniospores (17-)19-25(-28;-30) x (14-)l7-12l(-25) m, mostly ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, pale yellowish to nearly colorless, germ pores 8-10, scattered, obscure. Telia on both sides of leaves, long covered by the epidermis or only tardily exposed, blackish; brownish paraphyses present but seldom abundant and the sori scarcely loculate; teliospores (30-)36-65(-70,-80) x (12-)14-19(-22) m excluding digitations, wall 1-1.5(-2) m thick at sides, about 2-4 m apically excluding digitations, golden to chestnut-brown, apex coronate with digitations (0-)3-l0(-l4) m long; pedicels short, yellowish to brownish (Cummins, 1971).

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The teliospores of Puccinia coronata are characteristic because of their apical appendages from which the specific epithet "coronata is derived. The rust can cause much damage to cultivated oats under epiphytotic conditions.

Puccinia costi (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PUCCINIA DICHORISANDRAE (P. Hennings) Hennen et al. PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 3: 54. 1874. TYPE on Ipomoea tricocarpa S. Elliot from The United States of America, South Carolina, Santee Canal, Ravenel-1656. (?/?,IIcv/III). = Puccinia opulenta Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 170. 1880. TYPE on Ipomoea acuminata from Argentina, la Boca del Riachuelo, Buenos Aires, 1880, ?Spegazzini-s.n. = Puccinia macrocephala Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat. 1: 173. 1891. Type on Ipomoea sp., reported originally as an undetermined genus of Convolvulaceae, from Paraguay, Caaguazu, January 1882, Balansa-3564. = Puccinia ipomoeae Cooke in Lagerheim, Tromso Mus. Aarsch. 17: 61. 1895. TYPE on Ipomoea sp.from The United States of America, South Carolina, place not recorded, Ravanel sn. Allodus crassipes (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p.345. 1906. Anamorph Uredinia: Aecidium ipomoeae Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 173. 1880. TYPE on Ipomoea acuminata from Argentina, Buenos Aires, Boca del Riochuelo, April,1880, Spegazzini s.n. = Aecidium convolvulinum Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat. 1: 398. 1891. TYPE on Ipomoea sp. from Paraguay, Posta-cue, date not recorded, Balansa-4316. On Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea asarifolia Roemer & Schultes, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 477). Ipomoea dichotoma Choisy, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 35; IAC-95). Ipomoea floribunda Moricand, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 21; IAC-2815). Ipomoea grandiflora (Danner) ODonell, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & CostaNeto, 196: 136). Ipomoea polymorppha Riedel, So Paulo(Jackson, 1931: 495). Ipomoea purpurea Lamarck, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & CostaNeto, 1963: 136; IBI-17417). Ipomoea trifida Danner, Amazonas (PUR-F7135). Ipomoea triloba Linnaeus, Rio Grande Do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 136). Ipomoea tweediei Hooker, Minas Gerais (PUR-F15200). Ipomoea sp.,Bahia (Hennings, 1908: 267), Federal District, IBI-15583), Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 92), Minas Gerais (Jackson,1931: 498; Thurston, 1940: 297; IAC-5488; IBI-162237), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17731), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 250; Jackson, 1931: 495, 498), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 257), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 35; IAC-1585; IBI-16181). Quamoclit coccinea Moench., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 136). Genus undetermined, Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 29). Puccinia crassipes has been reported from many collections from Argentina to the southern United States of America. Reports of P. crassipes and Puccinia ipomoeae-panduranae from Africa probable refer to P. batatae, a very similar species which is known only from Africa. Most collections consist only of uredinia which belong to the anamorph genus Aecidium. In the older literature the uredinia of this species are referred to as aecia (or some variation of the spelling of this word) because the uredinial sori have the morphology of the anamorph genus Aecidium (peridiate, cupulate sori with catenulate, verrucose spores). Spermogonia and aecia as defined by ontogeny have never been reported. Experimental inoculations with basidiospores are needed to determine if spermogonia are produced. We examined the type specimen of Puccinia opulenta from Argentina and confirmed Lindquist's (1982) conclusion that it is a synonym of P. crassipes because the urediniospores are thin-walled (1-)1.5-2 m) and without smooth spots just as in P. crassipes. Previous reports of Puccinia opulenta from Brazil refer to either a new species or a new variety of P. crassipes identified by having urediniospores with thicker walls (1.5-)3-4(-5) and with smooth spots. We include these reports below as an unnammed variety of Puccinia crassipes.

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Uredinia (Aecidium ipomaeae) mainly in groups on the abaxial side of leaves, and often distributed over much of the leaf, cupulate to short cylindric, peridial cells 30-42 x 14-21 m, rhomboidal, outer wall 3-4 m thick, finely striate, inner wall 3-6 m thick, coarsely verrucose; urediniospores catenulate, 19-28 x 16-23 m, globoid, wall (1-)1.5-2 m thick, finely verrucose, colorless, without a smooth spot or refractive granules. Telia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter, circular in outline, grouped by the uredinia, or less commonly scattered, or developing in the old uredinia, often confluent, early naked, pulvinate, dark chocolate-brown, slightly pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspiculus; teliospores 39-75 x 24-40 m, ellipsoid, usually rounded at both ends, wall 3-5.5 m thick at sides, 6-11 m above, chestnut-brown with a semicolorless umbo, conspiculusly and coarsely verrucose, pedicel up to 1.5 times length of spore, tinted next to spore. (Arthur , 1921). Puccinia ipomoeae-panduratae (Schweinitz) P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 1: 323, 1902, which is based on Aecidium ipomoeae-panduranae Schweinitz, was used by some early authors for P. crassipes but this name cannot be used for a rust because the fungus in Schweinitz specimen is Albugo ipomoeae-panduranae (Schweinitz) Swingle, not rust. The folowing names are based on Albugo sp., they are not rust: 1. Aecidium ipomoeae-panduranae Schweinitz, Syn. Fg. Carol., Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 69. 1822. 2. Caeoma convolvulatum Schweinitz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 292. 3. Aecidium convolvulinum Schweinitz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 309. 1832. PUCCINIA CREPIDIS Schroeter, in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl., III, 1 p. 319. 1887. TYPE on Crepis sp. from Europe. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). or ? Puccinia crepidis-japonicae Dietel. On Compositae Youngia japonica (Linnaeus) DeCandolle, So Paulo (Piracicaba, IBI-18380, and Peruibe, IBI18775). Puccinia crepidis is a species complex with many synonyms. We follow Joerstad (1958) by using the oldest name given to the group. We have not attempted to unravel the nomenclatural complexities that have developed from the works of various Europeans. Pereira et al (2002) reported this rust as Uredo crepidis -japonicae Lindroth, teleomorph Puccinia crepidis-japonicae Dietel from uredinial infections on weedy Youngia japonica (= Crepis japonica Linnaeus) from Viosa, Minas Gerais. These are the first records of Puccinia crepidis in the Western Hemisphere. Only uredinia have been found on these collections. The host is a widespread herbaceous weed. A synonym of the host is Crepis japonica Bentham. Puccinia cressae Lagerheim, see PUCCINIA TUYUTENSIS Spegazzini. PUCCINIA CUCUMERIS P. Hennings, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: 371. 1891. TYPE on Cucumis ficifolius from Keren, Eritrea, 14 March 1891, Schweinfurth s.n. (?/Icv,IIpe/III). On Cucurbitaceae: Cucumis anguria Linnaeus, Alagoas (IBI-14037), Cear (Albuquerque,1971: 148; IAC-2668; IBI-17579), Par (IAN-518), Pernambuco (IBI-4343), Rio Grande do Norte (IBI-2783), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4656), So Paulo (IBI-2901; IAC-4024; Vigas, 1945: 22). Cucumis sp., Minas Gerais (Vigas & Teixeira, 1945: 50:IAC-50; IBI-15528). Puccinia cucumeris has been reported from several countries in Africa including Kenya, Malawi, and Nyassaland and on the host genera Cephalandra, Coccinia, Cucumis, and Momordica all in the Curcurbitaceae. Puccinia cucumeris may infect the cultivated Cucumis anguria (maxixe, xix, muxuxa, or xux silvestre) on which it forms dark, almost black telial sori on the leaves. All sori are without peridia or paraphyses, aecia pale yellowish, spores catenulate, 18-28 x 14-26 m, subglobose to ellipsoid, walls pale yellow and very finely veruculose appearing almost smooth; uredinia pale brownish, urediniospores pedicellate, 20-28 x 18-24 m, globose, walls, moderately to finely echinulate, pale cinnamon-brown, pores 2, large, equatorial. Telia blackish, teliospores (28-)30-46 x (22-)26 x 35 m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded above and below, not or only slightly constricted at the septum, wall more or less evenly 6 m thick, in some spores obviously rugose when immature and not pigmented but only obscurely rugose when mature and fully pigmented, but some mature spores appeared smooth, pore 1 in each cell, next

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to the septum in both the upper cell and lower cell, pedicel persistent and colorless (Cummins, 1952, reported traits from a specimen from Nyassaland; Vigas, 1945, from specimens from Brazil). Puccinia cumula Arthur & Cummins, see PUCCINIA PILOCARPI Cooke. PUCCINIA CUNILAE Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 251. 1899. TYPE on Cunila angustifolia Bentham, Labiatae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, April 1891, Ule-1722. (?/?,?IIcv/III). Puccinia cunilae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Puccinia cuticulosa (Ellis & Everhart) Arthur, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur. PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis, J. Philadelphia Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 2: 281. 1853. TYPE on Cynanchum from Surinam, date of collection and collector not reported, probably Weigelt s.n..(-/-,/III). = Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley, Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 356. 1869. TYPE on Metastelma penicillatum Grisebach from Cuba, C. Wright 281. The identification of the host of the type collection was first reported by Arthur, 1922. Micropuccinia obliqua (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur & H. S. Jackson, in Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 42. 1921. = Puccinia gonolobi Ravenel in Berkeley, Grevillea 3: 54. 1874. TYPE on Gonolobus sp. from The United States of America, South Carolina, Santee Canal, date not reported, Ravenel1671. = Puccinia cynanchi Lagerheim, Bol. Soc. Brot. 7: 129. 1889. TYPE on ?, information not available. = Puccinia subcolapsa Ellis, J. Mycol. 7: 275. 1893. TYPE on undetermined Asclepiadaceae, from Paraguay, place and date not reported, Th. H. Morong-s.n. = Puccinia kunzeana P. Hennings, Hedwigia 33: 230. 1894. TYPE on unidentified Asclepiadaceae from Surinam, date not reported, Kegel s.n. = Puccinia hemipogonis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 92. 1895. TYPE on Hemipogon setaceus Decaisne from Brazil, Gois: Vargem Grande, Sept 1892, Ule-1961 (isotype Ule-1960).. = Puccinia ditassae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 236. 1896. LECTOTYPE, chosen here, on Ditassa sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Laguna, March 1889, Ule-1220. = Puccinia metastelmatis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 236. 1896. TYPE on Metastelma odoratum Decaisne from Brazil, Santa Catarina: place not reported, June 1884, Ule-144. = Puccinia oxypetali P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (129). 1899. TYPE, on Oxypetalum banksii R. A. S. from Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: Copacabana, Ule-2373. = Puccinia rhyssostelmatis Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 8 (ser. 3, v. 1): 64-65. 1902. TYPE on Rhyssostelma nigricans Decne. from Argentina, Crdoba, April 1901, T. Stuckert-s.n. = Puccinia sphaeroidea P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 42: (107). 1903. TYPE on Funastrum sp., Asclepiadaceae, originally identified mistakenly as Jussiaea sp., Onagracreae, from Mexico, Baja California: San Jose de Cabo", 1902, C. A. Purpus-s.n. = Puccinia sphaerospora H. Sydow & P. Hennings, in H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann.Mycol. 1: 327. 1903. TYPE on Metastelma schlechtendalii from St. Croix Island, A. E. Ricksecker s.n. = Puccinia amphistelmae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 267. 1908. TYPE on Metastelma sp. (reported as Amphistelma sp.) from Brazil, Bahia: Maracs, Sept 1906, Ule-3326. = Puccinia valenzuelianae Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Hist Nat. Buenos Aires 31: 388-389. 1922. TYPE on Ditassa sp. from Paraguay, near Puerto Sajonia, near Asuncion, Oct 1919, Spegazzini-Fung. Parag. #117. [Lindquist (1982) does not accept Uredo valenzueliana Spegazzini on Metastelma diffusum Descne. from Ya-caa, Paraguay as an anamorph of Puccinia valenzuelianae as reported by Spegazzini ( ) and Farr (1973)]. = Puccinia densisssima Spegazzini, Rev. Argent. Bot. 1: 113. 1925. TYPE on Metastelma

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diffusum Decne. from Argentina, "summer", 1880, a lectotype needs to be chosen from specimens studied by Spegazzini that came from Buenos Aires, La Plata, Tucumn, or Salta. On: Asclepiadaceae. Calotropis sp., Minas Gerais (Fit. Bras. 19:(suppl. 290), 1994. Ditassa adnata Fournier, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Ditassa refescens Decaisne, Par (Joerstad, 1956: 450), So Paulo (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Ditassa sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 236). Metastelma odoratum Decaisne, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 236). Metastelma sp., Brazil (Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 882. 1903). Oxypetalum arnottianum Buek, Rio Grande do Sul, (Joerstad, 1956: 450), Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 450), So Paulo (Joerstad,1956: 450). Oxypetalum banksee Roemer & Schultes, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899B: 129, 1904A: 79; Maublanc & Rangel, 1915: 13; HNR-836). Oxypetalum paraense Malme, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Gen. undetermined, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 494), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 494). Puccinia cynanchi, or as one of its synonyms, has been reported from Argentina to the United States of America on at least seven genera of Asclepiadaceae and probably also on some Apocynaceae. See Puccinia araujae Lveill for a comparison key of Puccinia cynanchi (P. obliqua), P. araujae, and P. rouliniae. These are closely related species and difficult to separate in some collections. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia scattered or in groups on abaxial side of leaves or on stems, sometimes on "witches brooms", dark brown but may become grayish white by germination; teliospores mostly broadly ellipsoid to nearly globoid, up to 36 m long and up to 23(-25) m wide, walls 22.5(-4) m thick, cinnamon-brown, pedicel often more or less obliquely inserted ("diorchidioid"). We use Puccinia cynanchi Berkeley & Curtis (1853), which seems to be the oldest name with priority, for this microcyclic species. Puccinia obliqua has been used more often for this species in the past. We have placed Puccinia hemipogonis P. Hennings as a synnonym with some reservation. It has been reported only from the type collection. More collections on Hemipogon are needed to determine this placement with certainty. However, the description of the type comes within the circumscription of Puccinia obliqua. Arthur (1934) reported that Puccinia cynanchi (Puccinia obliqua) is a microcyclic form derived from Puccinia bartholomaei Dietel, a North American, long cycle, heteroecious rust with spermogonia and aecia on several genera of Asclepiadaceae and uredinia and telia on several species of Bouteloua (Gramineae). But Hennen (1954) reported that "The teliospores of Puccinia cynanchi (P. obliqua) resemble much more closely those of P. boutelouae. It may be that Puccinia boutelouae is the correlated long cycle species." Jackson (1931) reported the following on Apocynaceae. Puccinia mandevillae on Mandevilla mandoni Rusby from Sorata, Bolivia and another rust collection from Colombia reported to be on Mesachites trifida (Jacquin) Muell.-Arg., both hosts in the Apocynaceae, probably belong to this group of species on Asclepiadaceae. Puccinia mandevillae Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 492. 1931 TYPE on Mandevilla mandoni Rusby, Apocynacerae, from Bolivia, Sorata., Apr. 19, 1920, Holway-556. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown, probably not formed. Telia hypophyllous, gregarious in small groups 1-4 mm. across, irregularly rounded, commonly confluent, early naked, compact, becoming pulvinate and cinereous through germination, cinnamon brown, ruptured epidermis at first noticeable; teliospores 29-38 x 14-18 m, ellipsoid, clavate or oblong,, rounded above, rounded or narrowed to pedicel below, slightly or not constricted at septum, which is ordinarily transverse, occasionally oblique; wall colorless or slightly tinted golden brown, 1-1.5 m thick, thickened to 3 m at apex, smooth; pedicel colorless, once to twice the length of the spore, 6-7 m broad at point of attachment, soon collapsing. While somewhat like Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis, which occurs on members of the Asclepiadaceae, this micro-form seems sufficiently distinct morphologically, and occurs on a different host family. The septum is only rarely oblique. It is especially interesting to note that the teliospores germinate with a two celled basidium. Elsewhere (Mem. Torrey Club 18: 22-27. 1931) I have reviewed the available knowledge with reference to the occurrence of two celled basidia in micro- and endo-forms, and have discussed the probable significance of this phenomenon. The two celled basidium provides an easily determined external indication of a

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simplified nuclear history. Species in which the spores germinate in this way should be well worth investigating cytologically. Puccinia cynanchi Lagerheim, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia cynoctoni Lveill, see PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveill. PUCCINIA CYNODONTIS Lacroix ex Desmazieres, Pl. Crypt. France II, N. 655. 1859. TYPE on Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon from Europe, St. Romain-sur-Vienne Arroundissement de  Chatellerault, month not reported, 1857, De Lacroix-s.n. (O/Icv IIpv/III). On: Gramineae (only II/III): Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 298; IBI-15815), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 23; IAC-2535; IBI-17657). Puccinia cynodontis is circumglobal in warm regions on Cynodon spp. Spermogonia and aecia have been reported from southern Europe on at least seven host families but not elsewhere. Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium plantaginis Ces.) occur on Euphorbiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Valerianaceae, and Violaceae; aeciospores 15-24 x 16-29 m, wall 1.5-2 m thick, colorless, verrucose. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, without paraphyses, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores globoid, 20-26 x 19-23 m, wall 2-3 m thick, cinnamon-brown, verrucose, pores 2 or 3, equatorial. Telia mostly abaxial, early exposed, blackish, pulvinate; teliospores 30-55 x 16-22 m, mostly ellipsoid, often acuminate apically, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, 6-12 m apically, chestnut brown; pedicels to 80 m long, yellow or colorless, thin-walled (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 16: 226. 1891. TYPE on Cyperus schweinitzii (Cyperaceae) from The United States of America, Iowa: Decorah, 25 Nov 1886, Arthur & Holway s.n. (O/Icv IIpe/III). Anamorph Aecia on Compositae Aecidiolum eregerontis Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Argentina19: (ser. 3, v. 12) : 323. 1909. TYPE on Erigeron sordidus Gill. ex Hooker, from Argentina, Jujuy, Jan 1906, Spegazzini s.n. = Aecidium australe Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 125. 1884. (not Berkeley, 1843). TYPE on Erigeron bonariensis from Paraguay, Paraguari, 22 Nov 1882, Sub 3753. ' Aecidium spegazzinii DeToni in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 7: 802. 1888. Nom. nov. for Ae. australe Spegazzini. = Aecidium erigerontis Kern & Whetzel, Jour. Dept. Agric. Puerto Rico 14: 342. 1930. TYPE on Erigeron bonariensis Linnaeus from Colombia , El Valle, near San Pedro near Buga, 4 June 1929, Chardon & Torro-424. = Aecidium obsoletum Spegazzini, Rev. Argentina Bot. 1: 98. 1925. TYPE on Conyza serpentaria Grisebach from Argentina, Salta: near Rio de Las Piedras, Jan 1905, Spegazzini s.n. On Compositae: (0/I). Conyza bonariensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist (Erigeron bonariensis Linnaeus), MinasGerais (IBI-14931), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto,1963: 141), So Paulo (IBI-14866). Erigeron laxiflorus Baker, Minas Gerais (PUR-F5165). Erigeron maximus Otto ex DeCandolle, So Paulo (Hennings, 1902B: 296). Erigeron sp. Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 80). On Cyperaceae: (II/III). Cyperus cayennensis (Lamarck) Britton , So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 140; PURF517). Cyperus distans Linnaeus, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 249). Cyperus flavus (Vahl) Nees, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-567). Cyperus haspan Linnaeus, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 140; IBI-1668). Cyperus lenticularis (Schrader) Steudel, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 140; PUR-

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F5171). Cyperus olfersianus Kunth, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1926: 140). Cyperus sp., Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 23; IAC-2541), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 23; IAC-3856), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 140), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 23; IAC2973). Cyperaceae, gen. undetermined, Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 23; IAC-3533). Kylinga pumila Michaux, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1956: 481). Rhynchospora micrantha Vahl, Alagoas (Vigas, 1945: 23; IAC-3615). Puccinia cyperi has been reported from Argentina to the United States of America and from Africa, Asia, and Australia, on Cyperus spp. The report on Rhynchospora from Alagoas needs to be confirmed. See Uredo kyllingiae P. Hennings for the the placement of Puccinia kyllingiae-brevifoliae Miura, which has been suggested to have a connection to Puccinia cyperi by some authors. Arthur (1934) reported the one known inoculation experiment that demonstrated the connection between the spermogonia / aecia and uredinia / telia. It was done with material from the state of Wisconsin in the United States of America. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves in groups with spermogonia, cupulate, aeciospores 21-31 x 15-21 m, obovoid or ellipsoid, often angular and narrowed above, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, much thicker above 4-7 m, colorless, finely verrucose. Uredinia dehisce with a longitudinal slit, not by an irregular rupture, urediniospores 24-35 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m, light cinnamon-brown, moderately and finely echinulate, germ pores usually 3 equatorial, but occasionally 2 or 4. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, in groups 1-6 mm long, or scatterec, individual sori linear, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, without paraphyes or ocassionally only slight development of a stroma, somewhat tardeyl erumpent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; teliospores 35-61 x 18-26 m, broadly clavate-oblong, rounded or truncate above, narrowed below, slightly constricted at septum, wall chestnut-brown, paler below, 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 7-12 m above, pedicel colored, short. (Kern & Whetzel, 1930; Arthur, 1920). Joerstad (1956) working with several collections from Africa reported that Puccinia cyperi is characterized "by comparatively large, thin-walled urediniospores [ (20-)24-36 x 15-20 m, wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick], with usually 3-4 approximately equatorial germ-pores; the telia are stromatic (very small, 110-130 m in diameterconsisting of single pockets surrounded by brown paraphyses) , although the stroma may be poorly developed (teliospores 38-51 x 13-23 m, apex thickened to 12 m). Lindquist (1982) characterized Puccinia cyperi as having small punctiform telia with no or very few stromatic paraphyses, teliospores [40-58 x 12-18 m, cylindrical or oblong-clavate, truncate or conical above, narrowed below, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 5-6 m above, smooth, pedicel short, hyaliine, fragile] that are rarely 3-4-celled, urediniospores 24-35 x 15-22 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate with echinulae well spaced] with 3(-4) equatorial germ pores, and aeciospores with walls 2-2.5 m thick laterally and 3-5 m thick apically, verrucose with large verrucae that easily come off in the lower third of the spore,. See the notes under Uredo kyllingiae, and Puccinia cyperi-tagetiformis about the status of Uredo cyperi-tagetiformis. Joerstad (1956) reported that Uredo cyperi-tagetiformis P. Hennings was an anamorph of Puccinia cyperi Arthur, not Puccinia cyperi-tagetiformis Kern. The complete synonomy of Puccinia cyperi requires more study. PUCCINA CYPERI-TAGETIFORMIS Kern [ as (P. Henn.) comb. nov.] Mycologia 11: 138. 1919. TYPE (Lectotype chosen here) on Cyperus distans Linnaeus from Puerto Rico: Mayaguez, July  1915, F. L. Stephens-2128 in PUR. (?/? IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae: Cyperus sp., Alagoas (Vigas, 1945: 24; IAC-3813), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 24), Pernambuco (Batista & Bezerra, 1960: 23, IBI-15544). Puccinia cyperi-tagetiformis has been reported from Brazil to Texas in The United States of America and from Africa and Asia. Kern (1919) listed Uredo cyperi-tagetiformis P. Hennings (Bot Jahrb. 34: 598. 1905. TYPE on Cyperus tagetiformis from Japan, Jan 1903, Yoshinaga-16) as the basionym of this species but he described telia on specimens from Puerto Rico. Thus, we have chosen one of these as the lectotype as shown above. Joerstad (1956) reported that Uredo cyperi-tagetiformis was an anamorph of Puccinia cyperi. The correct status of Uredo cyperi-tagetiformis P. Hennings is uncertain. Hiratsuka et al. (1992) do not include it as being from Japan.

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Arthur (1920) characterized Puccinia cyperi-tagetiformis as parasitizing Cyperus spp., and especially by its urediniospores which are broadly ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, 19-26 x 15-21 m, walls 1.5-2.5 m thick but often thicker and more lightly pigmented above, otherwise dark cinnamon-brown, verrucose or verrucose-echinulate, the markings more pronounced above, the pores 2, equatorial; and telia with well developed blackish brown paraphyses forming loculate sori. Kern (1919) reported that the thickness of the urediniospore walls, and especially the apical thickness, were especially important in identifying this species. Other authors (i.e. Viegas, 1945) record the urediniospore apical walls 3(-5) m) thick. PUCCINIA DEFORMATA Berkeley & Curtis, Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 357. 1869. TYPE on Olyra latifolia Linnaeus, from Cuba, specific location not reported, January 1869, C. Wright-284. (?/? IIpe/III). On. Gramineae: Olyra sp., Maranho (IBI-15575), Brazil (Cummins, 1971: 228). Puccinia deformata has been reported also on Olyra spp. from Central America, The West Indies, Venezuela, West Central Africa, and Uganda (Cummins, 1971). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves and in inflorescence, pale yellowish, probably bright yellow when fresh; urediniospores (24-)27-32(-36) x (l9-)2l-27(-30) m, mostly obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, occasionally slightly thicker at apex, yellowish, echinulate, germ pores, 2 or 3 (4?), obscure. Telia on both sides of leaves and in inflorescence, early exposed, chocolate-brown, moderately compact; teliospores (26-)30-40(-44) x (19-)2l-28(-30) m, variable but mostly ellipsoid or obovoid, varying from puccinioid to diorchidioid, mostly with only a somewhat oblique septum, wall (l.5-)2.5-3.5(-4) m at sides, (2.5-)3-6(-8) m apically, golden brown or chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels yellowish or colorless, thin-walled and collapsing, to 150 m but often less than 100. Teliospores from leaves have slightly thinner and paler walls than those from inflorescences but urediniospores do not differ (Cummins, 1971). See Phakopsora phakopsoroides for a key to species of rusts on Olyra. Puccinia densisssima Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA DEPRECANEA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 111. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia sp., Compositae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Juqueri, 12 June 1922, Holway-1962. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Puccinia deprecanae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia adaxial; sori few; deep-seated; 85-95 m wide; flask-shaped; 110-125 m high (thick). Aecia; on both sides of leaves (both sides); densly grouped; close to spermogonia; in faded or discolored spots, white, lacerate; peridia cells 26-30 m long; 20-23 m width, irregularly polyhedral;.; aeciospores 2630 m long; 20-24 m wide, ellipsoid or globoid; cell wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, colorless; verrucose-rugose or verrucose-tuberculate; uredinia abaxial; densely grouped or widely scattered, 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter; round; erumpent, epidermal rupture inconspicuous; pulverulent; cinnamon brown; paraphyses peripheral; copius; 110-175 m long, 20-30 m wide. club shaped or barely curved or cylindrical; urediniospores 23-28 long; 20-23 m wide, obovoid; cell wall 1-1.5 m thick; colorless; finely echinulate; pores obscure. Telia abaxial; chestnut brown; becoming ashy-gray in color; pulvinate; teliospores 50-65 m long; 20-26 m wide, clavate or obovoid; rounded at apical end; rounded or narrowed at pedicel, slightly or not constricted at septum; cell wall 1-1.5 m thick, thickened at apex; smooth; germ pores apical and adjacent to septum. pedicel shorter than spore, deciduous, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Puccinia deprecanae is distinguished from other Vernonia rusts by the presence in the uredinial sori of abundant, conspicuous, thin-walled parphyses, and the light colored, smooth and thin-walled teliospores appreciably thickened at the apex (Jackson, 1932). New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but five from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia destruens P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 92. 1895. Probably PROSPODIUM sp. on Vebenaceae or Bignoniaceae, but reported to be on Euphorbiaceae, Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 92).

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Puccinia diaziana Arthur, see PUCCINA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. Puccinia dichondrae Berkeley, see PUCCINIA DICHONDRAE Montagne. PUCCINIA DICHONDRAE Montagne in C. Gay, Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile 8: 46. 1852. TYPE on Dichondra sericea Swartz [D. repens Forster var. sericea (Swartz) Choisy] from Chile, place and date not reported, Gay s.n. (-/-,-/III), or ?(?-/?,IIcv/III). = Puccinia dichondrae Berkeley, J. Linn. Soc. 13: 173. 1872. Puccinia berkelyana De-Toni, in Sacc., Syll. Fung. 7:717. 1888. Nom. nov. for Puccina dichondrae Berkeley. On Convolvulaceae: Dichondra repens Forster, Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F7151). Dichondra sericea Swartz, So Paulo (Hennings, 1896: 230), Brazil (Rick, 1911: 178). Dichondra sp., Rio Grande do Sul (Juel, 1897: 19; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 127), Rio de Janeiro (Pazschke, 1896: 52), Santa Catarina, Serra Geral (Dietel, 1897: 30). Puccinia dichondrae has been reported on Dichondra spp. from Argentina to the United States of America, and from South Africa, Austrailia, and New Zealand. The life cycle has not been determined with certainty. Aecidium dichondrae Hariot (Bull. Soc. Myc. France 7: 149. 1891. TYPE on Dichondra sp. from Chile, location and date not reported, Poeppig s.n. Syn. Aecidium dichondrae Neger, 1896, p. 51) has been found with telia in some collections but no spermogonia are known.. The function of the Aecidium has not been determined. Possibley they could function as uredinia, or as aecia, or as both, or they could be an Endophyllum. McAlpine (1906) illustrated unicellular and variously shaped multicellular teliospores that he found in Australian specimens. Puccinia digitariae Pole-Evans, see PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhart. Puccinia digitariae-velutinae Viennot-Bourgin, see PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhart. PUCCINIA DICHORISANDRAE (P. Hennings) Hennen et al., stat. nov.(This catalogue), basionym Uromyces dichorisandrae P. Hennings, see below. (?/?,?/III). ' Uromyces dichorisandrae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 91. 1895. TYPE on Costus pumilus fide Hennings, 1895: 320, not Commelinaceae as originally reported by Hennings, 1895: 91, from Brazil, Gois, Feb. 1893, Ule-1987. ' Uromyces costi P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 320. 1895. A later unnecessary nom. nov. for U. dichorisandra P. Hennings. Type same as for U. dichorisandrae. ' Puccinia costi (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 6: 141. 1908. On Zingiberaceae: Costus pumilus Petersen, Gois (Sydow, 1908: 141). Costus sp., So Paulo (Hennen & Hernndez-98-86). Hennings (1895) published the host of Uromyces dichorisandrae as Dichorisandra sp. in the Commelinaceae. He found and described only one-celled teliospores, thus he used the genus name Uromyces. Hennings soon discovered that the host genus was Costus, not Dichorisandra. So the same year he published a correction that the host was Costus sp. in the Zingiberaceae. At the same time he published a new name for the rust, Uromyces costi P. Hennings, to conform with the new identification of the host. However, The Code does not permit this kind of name change for the rust. Uromyces costi P. Hennings is then, an unnecessary new name for Uromyces dicorisandrae. Later, the Sydows (1908) found that the type specimen of U. dichorisandrae had both one-celled and two-celled teliospores. They described the teliospores and transferred the name U. costi P. Hennings to Puccinia as P. costi (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow. Unfortunately, the Sydows used Uromyces costi Hennings as the basionym, not U. dichorisandrae P. Hennings the name that has priority. Thus, the correct name for this rust should be Puccinia dichorisandrae (P, Hennings) Hennen et al. Puccinia dietelii Saccardo & Sydow, see PUCCINIA CHLORIDIS Spegazzini.

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PUCCINIA DIOICAE P. Magnus, Amt. Ber. 50 Versammt. D. Naturf. rzte Mnchen, p. 199. 1877.  TYPE ? information not available. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia extensicola Plowright, British Uredinales and Ustilaginales, p. 181. 1889. = Puccinia fusiformis Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 29. 1897. TYPE on Carex sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Jan 1891, Ule-1760. = Puccinia caricis Rebent. A nomen ambiguum fide Wilson and Henderson(1966). Not Puccinia caricis (Schum.) Schroet. which is a synonym of Puccinia caricina DeCandolle. Anamorph host Aecidium erigeronatum Schweinitz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 292. 1832. On Compositae: Erigeron sp. Serra do Mel, Rio Branco (Sydow,H. & P. 1916: 71). Teleomorph hosts On Cyperaceae: Carex straminea Schenk , Santa Catarina (PUR-F5266). Carex sp., Santa Catarina, Serra Geral (Dietel, 1897: 29). Puccinia dioicae has been reported worldwide especially in temperate areas. Hyalander et al. (1953) and Cummins (1962) reported that Puccinia dioicae is a species complex that includes a number of synonyms that were previously in use. For North America Arthur (1934) used the name Puccinia extensicola for this rust under which he included ten varieties based on presumbed aecial host specialization. Six of these varieties were on genera of the Compositae, and one each on Onagraceae, Phrymaceae, Valerianaceae, and Thymelaceae. Wilson and Henderson (1966) included five varieties of Puccinia dioicae in Great Britain all with spermogonia and aecia on genera of Compositae. Arthur (1934) reported Uromyces perigynius Halstead as a correlated heteroecious species in North America that has genera of Compositae for its spermogonial and aecial hosts. Arthur also included two microcyclic species of Uromyces and three microcyclic species of Puccinia on Compositae, and one microcyclic species of Puccinia on Onagraceae as correlated taxa. Important traits for identification of Puccinia dioicae sensu lato include: urediniospores 20-26 x 1520 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, walls 1-1.5 m thick, pale cinnamon-brown, echinulate, with two supraequatorial germ pores. If only telia are preset, identification is very difficult. Some populations apparently persist only in the uredinial stage. Puccinia caricina DeCandoll, often reported by the name Puccinia caricis (Schum.) Schroeter is another wide ranging species complex on Carex spp. It has been reported from Argentina and Chile but not yet from Brazil. It differs from the Puccinia dioicae complex mainly because its urediniospores have 3(-4, -5) equatorial germ pores. Wilson and Henderson (1966) included 15 varieties of Puccinia caricina in Great Britain alone based on presumed host specialization and some micromorphology. Puccinia discolor Fuckel, see TRANZSCHELIA DISCOLOR (Fuckel) Tranzschel & Litvinov. Puccinia dispersa Erikson & Hennings, see PUCCINIA RECONDITA. Puccinia distenguinda H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA PUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway. Puccinia ditassae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia doloris Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA DOLOSA Arthur & Fromme var. DOLOSA, Torreya 15: 262. 1915. TYPE on Paspalum tenellum Willdenow from Mexico, Guadalajara, September, 1903, Holway (distributed in the Excicatti Sydow-Uredineen, number 1986 as Puccinia substriata Ellis & Everhart). (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae Paspalum mandiocanum Trinius, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, ?1967: 56), So Paulo (Cummins, 1942: 681). Paspalum multiflorum Doell, So Paulo (Cummins, 1942: 681). Paspalum paniculatum Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, ?1967: 56); Rio

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de Janeiro (Cummins, 1942: 681); So Paulo (Cummins, 1942: 681). Paspalum plicatulatum Michaux, Minas Gerais (Cummins, 1942: 681), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 56), So Paulo (Cummins, 1942: 681). Paspalum regnelli Mez, So Paulo (PUR-F4928). Paspalum riograndense Barreto, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 56). Paspalum usteri Hackel, So Paulo (Cummins, 1942: 681). Paspalum virgatum Linnaeus, So Paulo (PUR-F4936). Paspalum virgatum var. conspersum (Schrader) Doell (reported originally as Paspalum. conspersum Schrader), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 56). Paspalum sp., Amapa (IBI-16590), Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1942: 681), So Paulo (Cummins, 1942: 681). Puccinia dolosa var. dolosa has been reported on Paspalum spp. also from Argentina, Venezuela, Central America, Mexico, The West Indies, and The United States of America. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on abaxial surface, pale cinnamon-brown; paraphyses mostly cylindrical, colorless, inconspicuous; urediniospores (19-)24-29 x (17-)20-24 m, mostly obovoid, triangular in end-view, wall 1-1.5 m thick, golden or pale cinnamon-brown, finely echinulate, germ pores 3, equatorial, in the angles. Telia covered by the epidermis, blackish brown, inconspicuous; teliospores (27-)34-40(-44) x (l7-)23-26 m, variable and often angular, mostly oblong or oblong-clavate, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides 2-4 m apically, very brittle chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels yellowish, thin-walled and mostly collapsing, to 45 m long, often broken much shorter. (Cummins, 1971). Traits that help to identify Puccinia dolosa var. dolosa include: uredinia with paraphyses inconspicuous, these often hard to find, cylindrical, wall thin and colorless, urediniospores (19-)22-27(-29) x (17-)20-24 m, obovoid, often triangular in end view, wall 1-1.5 m thick, golden or pale cinnamon, echinulate, pores 3, more or less equatorial; telia minute, blackish, long covered by the epidermis, teliospores variable, (27-)30-40(-44) x (17-)23-26 m, brittle and easily crushed, pedicel to 25 m long, usually shorter, yellowish or colorless. Cummins (1971) included four varieties of Puccinia dolosa, only two of which have been reported from Brazil. Puccinia dolosa var. catervaria which occurs on Setaria geniculata (Lamarck) Beauvois in Bolivia, has urediniospores with four equatorial germ pores and P. d. var. biporula, which occurs on Setaria grisebachii Fourn. in Mexico, has urediniospores with two equatorial germ pores. The long covered, small telia and the brittle and easily crushed teliospores help separate Puccinia dolosa from Puccinia huberi, P. puttemansii, P. substriata, P. arguata, and P. levis. The urediniospores of Puccinia dolosa var. dolosa are easily confused with those of Uromyces setariae-italicae. The following reports of Puccinia dolosa Arthur & Fromme var. dolosa on Panicum spp.are probably Uromyces setariae-italicae, because Cummins and Ramachar, 1965; and Cummins, 1971 record P. dolosa var. dolosa as infecting only species of Paspalum. P. dolosa var. circumdata is recorded as infecting only species of Panicum. Panicum maximum Jacquin, Mato Grosso (PUR-F19029), Paran (PUR-F19028), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F19026), So Paulo (PUR-F19019). Panicum sp., So Paulo (PUR-F19025). PUCCINIA DOLOSA Arthur & Fromme var. CIRCUMDATA Ramachar & Cummins,Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 25: 13. 1965. (?/? IIpe/III). Puccinia circumdata Mains, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 101. 1935. TYPE on Panicum fasciculatum Swartz from Mexico, Yucatan: Uxmal, 20-21 July 1932, Swallen-2592. On Gramineae: Panicum parvifolium Lamarck, Bahia (Cummins, 1971: 89). Puccinia dolosa var. circumdata has been reported also from Central America, some West Indian islands, Mexico, and Texas in The United States of America. Puccinia dolosa var. circumdata has smaller teliospores [(25-)27-34 x (17-)20-24 m] and larger urediniospores [(23-)25-29(-32) x (17-)19-22(-23) m] than P. d. var. dolosa. Puccinia dominicana Gonzales-Fragoso & Cifferi, see PUCCINIA LEONOTIDICOLA P. Hennings.

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Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Piptocarpha and Vanilosmopsis, Asteraceae 1. Paraphyses absent, teliospores (43-)45-60(-72) m long, urediniospores with (3-)4 scattered germ pores. Puccinia piptocarphae (?/?,IIpe/III). 1. Paraphyses present in uredinia and telia 2. Paraphyses 3-4 multiseptate, teliospores 46-64 x 24-28 m, urediniospores -- m-Puccinia macumbae (0/I,IIpe/III). 2. Paraphyses not septate or septate only at base. 3. Paraphyses wall thickened only at apex, teliospore walls reticulate 4. Paraphyses ----m thick at apex, --m long. Puccinia manoelae (?/?,IIpe/III). 3. Paraphyses wall thickened unilaterally or not thickened, teliospore walls reticulate or smooth. 4. Teliospore walls reticulate or minutely verrucose-punctate 5.Teliospore wall reticulate. Puccinia pipta (?/?,IIpe/III). 5. Teliospore wall minutely verrucose-punctate. Puccinia valentula (?/?,IIpe/III). 4. Teliospore walls smooth 6. Teliospores 50-120 x 16-26 m, cylindrical to oblong, paraphyses -m long, wall unilaterally thickened. Puccinia seorsa. ?(1/2cv,3pe /4) Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Piptocarpha based mainly on paraphyses 1. Paraphyses absent or not reported. 2. Teliospores 27-34 m wide. Teliospores 45-60 x 27-34 m, ellipsoid to oblong, rounded above and below, constricted a little at the septum, wall not thickened at apex, smooth, yellowPuccinia leptoderma brown, uredinia unknown 2. Teliospores (17-)19-26(-27) m wide 3. Pore apical in upper cell, depressed to the lower half in the lower cell. Teliospores 3446(-52) x 18-25 m, ovoid to oblong, broadly rounded above, constricted at septum, mostly rounded obtusely below, wall 1-1.5 m thick, smooth, pore apical in upper cell, depressed to the lower half in the lower cell Puccinia jahnii 3 Pore apical in both upper and lower cell, Teliospores (30-44) 45-58(-60) x (17-)19-26(27) m, oblong-clavate, rounded at apex, constricted at septum, wall a little thicker at apex, smooth, yellowish brown, pedicel short hyaline, urediniospores 26-32 m in diameter, globose to subglobose, wall yellow-brown, echinulate, pores 3-4, Puccinia piptocarphae. scattered. 1. Paraphyses present in uredinia Puccinia macumbae. 4. Paraphyses multiseptate, cells in rows 4. Paraphyses not multiseptate or septate only at the base 5. Paraphyses uniformly thin-walled. Puccinia leptoderma. 6. teliospores 45-60 x 27-34 m 6. Paraphyses (35-)40-60(-90) x 8-10 m, cylindrical or irregularly cylindrical, wall ca 1 m thick or less, sometimes thickened at apex, Puccinia douradae teliospores 31-40 x 34-37 m 5. Paraphyses wall thickened unilaterally or apically. 7. Paraphyses wall mostly unilaterally thickened. Puccinia seorsa. 7. Paraphyses wall mostly apically thickened 8. Paraphyses wall variable from not to greatly thickened apically. Puccinia manoelae 8. Paraphyses wall not or only in some paraphyses greatly thickened apically. 9. Paraphyses apical wall not or only in some paraphyses greatly thickened. 9 Puccinia valentula, Puccinia pipta 9. Puccinia dubia Mayor, see PUCCINIA SPEGAZZINI DeToni.

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Puccinia elegans Schroeter, see PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins. Puccinia eleutherantherae Dietel, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres Puccinia elongata Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA VERBENIPHILA Lindquist. Puccinia elytrariae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farlow. Puccinia emaculata Schweinitz, Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 295. 1832. Albuquerque (1971: 148) reported P. emaculata on Panicum maximum Jacquin, Gramineae, from Par. Cummins (1971) records P. emaculata only from Mexico and the United States of America. Many recent collections of rust on Panicum maximum from Brazil are all Uromyces setariae-italicae. We regard the report by Albuquerque as Uromyces setariae-italicae. Puccinia emiliae P. Hennings see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. Puccinia enecta Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA LITHOSPERMI Ellis & Kellerman. Puccinia ensenadensis Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA ASPILIAE Dietel. PUCCINA ERIANTHICOLA Cummins, Uredineana 4: 42. 1953. TYPE on Saccharum angustifolium Erianthus angustifolius Nees), from Brazil, Garlugua near Taipas, June (Nees) Trin. (reported as 1922, Holway-1954 (?/? IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo rubida Arthur & Holway in Arthur, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc 64: 216. 1925. TYPE on Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. reported as Erianthus angustifolius Nees [reported originally as Andropogon condensatus Kunth, = Schizochyrium condensatum (Kunth) Ness] from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, Oct 1921, Holway-1256. On Gramineae: Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. (reported as Erianthus angustifolius Nees), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F5041), So Paulo (PUR-F19053). Saccharum asperum (Nees) Steud. (reported as Erianthus asper Nees), Rio de Janeiro (PURF5042). Puccinia erianthicola has been reported only from Brazil. The report of Kern et al. (1934) of Uredo rubida from Venezuela requires confirmation. Cummins (1953) reidentified the host of the type of Uredo rubida as probably Erianthus angustifolius (Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin.). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, without paraphyses cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (20-)23-28 x (17-)20-24 m, broadly ovoid or globoid, flattened on the pore-bearing sides, wall 2-2.5 m thick, usually 2-3.5 m on the side walls that lack the two equatorial pores, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia like the uredinia but pulvinate and blackish brown; teliospores (29-)32-42(-47) x (14-)16-20 m, mostly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick at sides, 5-8 m apically, clear chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 40 m long, yellowish or brownish, thin-walled and usually collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia erythroxyli Vigas, see MARAVALIA ERYTHROXYLI (Vigas) Ono & Hennen. PUCCINIA ESCLAVENSIS Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 29. 1897 TYPE on Panicum bulbosum H. B. K. from Mexico, Eslava, 3 Oct 1896 E.W.D.Holway var. PANICOPHILA (Spegazzini) Ramachar & Cummins, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 25: 55. 1965. (0/Icv IIpv/III). = Puccinia atra Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 29. 1897 (not that of Sprengel, 1827). ' Puccinia panicophila Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 300. 1909. TYPE on

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Digitaria insularis (L. ) Fedde [reported as Panicum insulare (L.) G. Mey]. from Argentina, Cacheuta, Spegazzini Anamorph Uredo panicophila Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Crdoba (Argentina) 29: 149. 1926. TYPE on Digitaria sacchariflora (Nees) Henrard [reported as Panicum penicilligerum (Spegazzini) Hackel] from Argentina, Sierra de Crdoba, location and date not available, C. Bruch-s.n.. On Gramineae: Digitaria insularis (Linnaeus) Fedde, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 297), So Paulo (IBI-17683). Puccinia esclavensis var. panicophila has been reported from Argentina to the southwestern United States of America. Cummins (1971) recognized Puccinia esclavensis var. esclavensis on Panicum and Pennisetum, also widespreaed from Argentina to the United States, and Puccinia esclavensis var. unicellula on Digitaria from Tamaulipas, Mexico. Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium mirabilis Dietel & Holway) reported on Mirabilis (Nyctaginaceae) in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico; aeciospores 21-28 x 16-19 m, wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, verrucose. Uredinia mainly on abaxial side of leaves, without paraphyses, cinnamon-brown or darker; urediniospores 26-33(-39) x 19-23(-25) m , wall (2-)2.5-3.5 m thick, golden or darker, closely verrucose rugose with wartlets fused into a labyrinthiform pattern, germ pores 4-6, equatorial or scattered in occasional spores. Telia on both sides of leaves, early exposed, pulvinate, blackish brown; teliospores 28-36(-41) x 22-27(-31) m, mostly ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3.5 m thick at sides, 4-8 m apically, deep chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 80 m long, thick-walled and not collapsing, yellowish (Cummins, 1971). The urediniospores resulting from infection by aeciospores have thinner and paler walls, perhaps indicating that spores produced later in the season tend to be amphisporic. (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia eugeniae Rangel, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. PUCCINIA EUPATORII Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 32. 1897. LECTOTYPE on Eupatorium ballotaefolium Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth or from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra Geral, March 1891, Ule-1687 (lectotype chosen by Cummins, ). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Puccinia pachyspora Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 32. 1897. TYPE on Eupatorium oblongifolium (Spreng.) Baker from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra Geral, April 1891, Ule-1684. = Puccinia uraguayensis Spegazzini, Revista Argentina de Botanica 1: 128. 1925. TYPE: Spegazzini listed two collections: on Eupatorium macrocephalum Lessing from Argentina, Sierra Ventana, Dec 1896, ?Spegazzini s.n.; and on same host species from Uruguay, near Arazati, March 1883, ? Spegazzini s.n. = Puccinia tinctoria Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 93. 1884. TYPE on Eupatorium tinctorii Pohl ex Baker nom. nud. from Paraguay, Cordillera de Peribebuy, July 1883, ?Collector-3892. Lindquist (1982) keeps this as a separate species. It occurs in Argentina and Paraguay. On Compositae: Eupatorium ballotaefolium Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 32). Eupatorium betonicaeforme (DeCandolle) Baker, Santa Catarina (PUR-F18086), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 123). Eupatorium inulaefolium Humbolt, Bonpland & Kunth, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 25; IAC1558). Eupatorium macrocephalum Lessing, Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1956: 463; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 142), Santa Catarina (PUR-F8027), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 123), Serra Geral (Dietel, 1897: 32). Eupatorium oblongifolium (Spreng.) Baker, Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 32; Lindquist, 1953: 141). Eupatorium pumilum Robinson, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932;123). Eupatorium purpurascens Schultz-Bip., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 123), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 123). Eupatorium squalidum DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 298). Eupatorium sp., Mato Grosso (IBI-16759), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI- 14385), Minas Gerais

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(Thurston, 1940: 298; IBI-14493), So Paulo (IBI-13806). Puccinia eupatorii has been reported from Argentina to Mexico on more than a dozen species of Eupatorium. Most collections are from Brazil. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves. Aecia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, grouped around the spermogonia, chestnut brown; aeciospores pedicellate, (30-)33-40(-43) x (26-)28-33 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall (2-)2.5-3 m thick, nearly chestnut brown, echinulate except an area around pores, pores 2, equatorial in slightly flattened sides. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, scattered; urediniospores similar to aeciospores except 28-34(-38) x 25-30(-32) m and wall (1.5-2-2.5) m thick. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, blackish brown, rather pulverulent; teliospores (38-)40-52(-56) x (28-)30-34 m, mostly broadly obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 2(-2.5) um thick at sides, smooth, clear chestnut brown except the 4-7 m thick, pale umbos over pores, pore apical in upper cell, at septum in lower cell; pedicels colorless, to 65 m long (Cummins, 1978). Cummins (1978) reported traits that help identify this species as being long cycled, having aeciospores and urediniospores similar in morphology, both produced on pedicels, broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, the wall more or less evenly about 2 m thick, with two equatorial pores; the telia are not loculate, teliospores 40-50 m long, teliospore walls smooth, clear chestnut-brown, side walls about 2.5 m thick or less but thicker near the pores which have a nearly colorless umbo, the pedicels are fragil and collapse laterally. Nearly 30 species of Puccinia have been reported on Eupatorium, all from the New World. Only three of these have been reported from Brazil. PUCCINIA EUPATORII-COLUMBIANI Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 514.1913. TYPE on Eupatorium columbianum Heering, from Colombia. A lectotype needs to be chosen from the two collections with telia made in 1910 listed by Mayor (Mayor-298, -298a). (?/?Ipe,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Eupatorium adenanthum DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 123; PUR-F8031). Eupatorium inulaefolium Humbolt, Bonpland & Kunth, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 123), So Paulo (Jackson 1932: 123; IBI-14086). Eupatorium sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 123), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 123). Puccinia eupatorii-colombiani has been reported also from Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Trinidad. Teliospores are 40-47 x 18-21 m, ellipsoid, rounded above and below but with an apical, colorless papilla up to 7 m high, wall about 2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, smooth, pore apical in upper cell and at septum in lower cell, pedicel more or less persistent, up to 48 m long and 5-7 m wide near base of spore. Urediniospores are globose, 21-26 m or ovoid 31-38 x 18-21 m, the wall evenly about 2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, minutely echinulate, and with 2 equatorial pores. Nearly 30 species of Puccinia are known on Eupatorium, all from the New World. Only three of these are known from Brazil. PUCCINIA EVADENS Harkness, Bull. California Acad. Sci. 1: 34. 1884. TYPE on Baccharis pilularis from The United States of America, California: San Francisco, Nov, 1883, Harkness-3384. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Coleosporium baccharidis Cooke & Harkness, Grevillea 9:7. 18880. Not Eriosporangium baccharidis Bertero, 1854, nor Dicaeoma baccharidis Arthur & H. S. Jackson, 1920. = Eriosporangium evadens Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 343. 1906. Anamorph Caeoma negerianum Dietel, Bot. Jahrb. 22: 357. 1896. On Compositae: Baccharis calvescens DeCandolle, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 242). Baccharis dracunculifolia DeCandolle, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 18996: 242). Baccharis platypoda DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 143). Baccharis sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 143; Thurston 1940: 298), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932;143), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 354). Puccinia evadens has been reported also from Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico, and the Southern United States of America.

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Spermogonia and aecia mostly on stems causing fusiform swellings and often witches' brooms; aecia, Caeoma negerianum, often columnar, bright yellow when fresh, tan when dry; aeciospores (32-)36-55(60) x (17-)23-25(-28) m, variable but mostly ellipsoid, wall (1.5-)2-3 m thick at sides, (4-)6-12(-15) m at apex, sometimes thickened basally, rugosely verrucose with irregular verrucae that often unite in labyrinthiform patterns, often striate apically, colorless or pale yellowish. Uredinia with Uredo sp, morphology, on abaxial side of leaves and on stems and branchlets, colored like the aecia, urediniospores (25)30-38(-42) x (19-)22-27(-30) m, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, colorless to pale yellowish, echinulate, pores obscure, about 6, scattered or tending to be bizonate. Telia on abaxial side of leaves and branchlets, exposed, pulvinate, dark cinnamon-brown, becoming gray from germination; teliospores (48-)54-74(-80)x (22-)26-30(-33) m, mostly oblong ellipsoid, wall (1-)1.5(-2) m thick at sides, 3-5(-6) m at apex, about golden brown, smooth pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell at septum; pedicels to 160 m long, colorless (Cummins, 1978). Although Arthur (1922) included Caeoma negerianum as an anamorph name under Puccinia evadens, Dietel (1914), Jackson (1932), and Lindquist (1958, 1982) included it as an anamorph name under Puccicnia henningsii. But Oehrens (198?) working with specimens from the type locality, reported Caeoma negerianium as an anamorph of Puccinia valdiviana in Chile. Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. At least 53 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Lindquist, 1957). Thus, the New World genus Baccharis, which itself has about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. Puccinia exigua Dietel, see PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth var. POAE-NEMORIALIS (Otth) Cummins & H.C. Greene. PUCCINIA EXILIS H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 481. 1903. TYPE on Pavonia leucantha Garcke from Brazil, place and date not published, collector ? Poeppig or Regnell. (-/-,-/III). On Malvaceae: Pavonia leucantha Garcke, Brazil (Sydow, 1903: 481). Pavonia rosea Schlechtendahl, Minas Gerais (PUR-F6561), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 479). Puccinia exilis has been reported also from Guatemala (Arthur et al., 1922). From Brazil it has been reported only from the three collections cited above. Sori solitary, compcact, whitish, in small yellowish-brown spots on the abaxial side of leaves, teliospores 27-40 x 10-14 m, oblong-clavate, rounded to slightly acute at the apex, rounded to attenuate at the base, slightly constricted at the septum, wall evenly 1-2 m thin, not or slightly thickened at the apex 3-4 m, smooth, subcolorless, the pedicel equal to or a little longer than the spore, thin, subpersistent (Sydow, P & H., 1903). See Puccinia heterospora for keys that may help identify microcyclic species of Puccinia on Malvaceae. PUCCINIA EXORNATA Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 38: 370. 1911. TYPE on Baccharis thesioides Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Guatemala, Guatemala City, 2 Feb 1905, W. A. Kellerman5368. (0/Icv-spiral,IIpe-in lines/III). On Compositae: Baccharis oxyodonta DeCandolle, So Paulo (Vigas,1945: 25; IAC-129). Puccinia exornata has been reported also from Costa Rica to Mexico in North America and in South America from Venezuela. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves in wall groups. Aecia yellowish when dry, bright orange when fresh. without a peridium, opening by irregular rupture of the hosts on abaxial leaf surface; spores (25-)27-32(-35) x (22-)24-27 m. broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 2-3(-5) m thick or thicker apically, colorless, ornamented with warts or more typically with ridges of varying lengths arranged longitudinally or spirally. Uredinia on abaxial surface, yellowish when dry, bright yellow when fresh; spores (24-)26-34(-40) x (19-)21-24 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, pale yellowish, echinulate, pores 3. equatorial, obscure. Telia on abaxial surface, exposed, cinnamon brown becoming gray from germination, compact; spores variable in size in different collections, (40-)44-55(-66;-74) x (17-)20-26(-29) um, mostly elongately ellipsoid or more or less oblong ellipsoid, wall 1(-1.5) m thick at sides, pale golden brown,

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(2-)2.5-4(-4.5) m over pores by a nearly colorless, low umbo smooth, pore apical in each cell; pedicel colorless, to 90 m long but usually shorter. (Cummins, 1978). For identification of species of Puccinia on Baccharis using the literature available, both telia and anamorph sori are necessary. But even then, little confidence may be put in the identification. .Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. Nearly 60 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Berndt, 1998; Lindquist, 1957). The New World genus Baccharis, with about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. Puccinia extensicola Plowright, see PUCCINIA DIOICAE P. Magnus PUCCINIA FACETA H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 32: 289. 1934. TYPE on Olyra fasciculata Trin. (=Olyra heliconiae Lindeman), Gramineae, from Brazil, Gois: Santa Rita do Araguaia, 15 April 1930, A. Chase-12047, holotype lost, isotypes at BPI & PUR. (?/? IIpe/III). Puccinia faceta has been reported only from the specimens cited here. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial leaf surface, about cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (22-)23-26(-28) x (16-)l8-20(-2l) m, mostly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 4, equatorial. Telia on abaxial surface, blackish brown, early exposed, pulvinate; teliospores (26-)29-35 x (16-)18-20 m, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick at sides (2.5-)3-4 m apically, clear chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 100 m long, thin-walled and collapsing, yellowish (Cummins, 1971). See Phakopsora phakopsoroides for a key to rust species reported on Olyra. Puccinia fallaciosa Arthur, see Puccinia fallax Arthur. Puccinia fallax Arthur in Mains, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 461: 103. 1935. Nom nov, for Puccinia fallaciosa Arthur, 1922; not P. fallaciosa Thuemen, 1876, or P. fallaciosa (Arthur) Arthur, 1917. (?/?,II/?III). Anamorph Uredo fallaciosa Arthur, Mycologia 7: 323. 1915. TYPE on Psychotria patens Swartz from Puerto Rico, Maricao, 3 April 1913, Stevens-774. Puccinia fallaciosa (Arthur) Arthur, Mycologia 9: 84. 1917. (not Thuemen, 1876). Puccinia fallax Arthur in Mains, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 461: 103. 1935. Nom nov, for Puccinia fallaciosa (Arthur) Arthur, 1917; not P. fallaciosa Thuemen, 1876. On Rubiaceae: Palicourea guianensis Aublet, Par (Albuquerque,1971: 148; IAN-420). Psychotria sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F15184). Specimens in BPI identified as Puccinia fallax have been recorded from the Virgin Islands, the Dominican Republic, and Papua, New Guinea. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.1-0.5 mm across, in irregular groups, on somewhat discolered spots, on abaxial side of leaves; without paraphyses; urediniospores 24-29 x 18-23 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, moderately echinulate, pale yellow or light yellow-brown, pores obscure. Telia few, scattered, punctate, small, early naked, pulvinate, surrounding tissues much browned, ruptured epidrmis inconspicuous; teliospores 26-31 x 13-16 m, ellipsoid, rounded or slightly narrowed above and below, moderately constricted at the septum, germinating at maturity; wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, colorless or pale yellow, smooth; pedicel short, colorless (Arthur, 1922). The species is very similar to Puccinia palicoureae. The identification of the Brazilian records need to be confirmed. Arthur (1917) transferred Uredo fallaciosa Arthur to Puccinia but without reporting any information about telia except that teliospores ("iii") occur in one collection from Puerto Rico, Maricao, 23 March 1913, F. L. Stevens-353. Thus, because Arthur published no telial information, Puccinia fallasiosa (Arthur) Arthur, 1917, can apply only to the anamorph Uredo fallaciosa Arthur, not to a teleomorph. Arthur (1922) did described telia and teliospores in !922 but ascribed original publication of the name to his 1917 paper. We

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ascribe the publication of the teleomorph name to Arthur (1922), and likewise, we asscribe Puccinia fallax Arthur in Mains nom. nov. to Puccinia fallaciosa Arthur, 1922. PUCCINIA FARAMEAE Kern, Ciferri & Thurston, Ann. Mycol. 31: 13. 1933. TYPE on Faramea occidentalis (Linnaeus) Richard from The Dominican Republic, 23 Aug 1929, Cifferi-2623. (-/-,/III). On Rubiaceae Alibertia edulis (Richard) A. Richards ex DeCandolle, So Paulo (IBI-13389). Puccinia farameae has been reported only from the Dominican Republic and from the Cerrado in Horto Florestal at Mogi-Mirim, So Paulo, Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown, probably not formed. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-0.8 mm across, confluent, in groups or circles 2-3 mm across, slowly erumpent, ruptured epidermis evident, pulvinate, dark choclate-brown; teliospores 51-62 x 29-39 m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded above, saepe narrowed below, not or slichtly constricted at the septum, wall 2 layered, 4-6 m thick, slightly thicker above, chestnut-brown, outer layer not conspicuous, smooth; pedicel as long as or to twice as long as spore, colorless or pale yellow; one celled teliospores 30-55 x 26-35 m, not numerous (Kern et al., 1933). We observed that telia begin as shiny bright yellow-orange spots, they increase in size to 2-3 mm across, long covered by the shiny epidermis, remaining shiny bright yellow-orange for a long time, and as they mature they turn black; and are finaly erumpent. Kern et al. (1933) reported telia as more or less powdery but we did not observe this in the Brazilian specimens. Ramakrishnania ixorae Ramachar & Bhagyan. on Ixora sp., Rubiaceae, from Kerala, India, for which also only telia are known, seems to be very similar. But Cummins and Hiratsuka (2004) included it as a genus separate from Puccinia. The main traits of Ramakrishnania reported to separate it from Puccinia were its greatly elongated teliosporogenous cells, and very long, 1-septate pedicels. Our specimens from Mogi-mirim, S. P. also have elongated sporogenous cells and long pedicels. PUCCINIA FARINACEA Long, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 115. 1902. TYPE on Salvia farinacea BenthamLabiatae from The United States of America, Texas: Austin, 12 Nov 1901, W. H. Long833. (0/Ic,IIp/III). ' Dicaeoma farinaceum (Long) Arthur, N. Am. Flora 7: 411. 1921. = Puccinia prospera Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 118, 1919. TYPE on Salvia microphylla from Mexico, Hidalgo: Pachuca, 5 Oct 1899, Holway-3579. ' Dicaeoma prosperum (Arthur) Arthur, N. Am. Flora 7: 414. On Labiatae: Salvia sp., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 135; Rick, 1911: 177). In North America Puccinia farinacea, which Baxter (1951) divided into three varieties, is reported from Guatemala to Texas. In South America it has been reported from Bolivia and Argentina plus the one record for Brazil which is the collection of Rick cited above. Rick identified his specimen, consisting of three small leaves, as Uredo varia Dietel on an unidentified species of Acanthaceae. Lindquist and Costa Neto (1963) found uredinia and telia on Ricks specimen which they identified as Puccinia farinacea and the host as Salvia sp., Labiatae. Additional collections of this rust are needed to confirm that it is present in Brazil. In addition to the typical pigmented, thick-walled overseasoning spores, the telia of a few specimens contain numerous pale, thin-walled teliospores which germinate without a resting period. The lability exhibited by such collections may be an indication that P. farinacea is tending to develop a microcyclic derivative (Baxter, 1951). PUCCINIA FAUSTA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 111. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia macrophylla Lessing [ Lessingianthus macrophylla (Lessing) H. Robinson], from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Teresopolis, 13 Oct 1921, Holway-1216. (?/?,II/III). On Compositae: Vernonia macrophylla Lessing [ Lessingianthus macrophylla (Lessing) H. Robinson], Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 111), So Paulo (PUR-F19408). Puccinia fausta has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, widely scattered or often densely grouped, 0.3-0.5 mm. diam, erumpent, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, cinnamon-

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brown; urediniospores, 24-28 x 20-22 m globoid, ellipsoid, or obovoid; wall 2-2.5 m thick, finely echinulate, colorless or pale golden-brown, germ pores 4-6,scattered, obscure. Telia not seen, teliospores found in uredinial sori; teliospores 35-40 x 27-30 m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, not constricted at septum, wall 3-4 m thick, to 5-6 m at germ pore of upper cell, obscurely rugose or obscurely verrucose, appearing smooth, chestnut brown, lower cell germ pore pore in the middle of cell, pedicel short, breaking near spore, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Jackson reported that Puccinia fausta is separable from P. inaequata by the nearly smooth walled teliospores and and the scattered germ pores in the urediniospores. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA FILOPES Arthur & Holway in Arthur, Mycologia 10: 131. 1918. TYPE on Byttneria lateralis Presl, from Guatemala: Escuintla, 17 Feb 1916, Holway-501. (-/-,-/III). On Sterculiaceae: Byttneria (Buettneria) australis Saint-Hilaire, So Paulo (IAC-4466). Melochia sp., Amazonas (PUR-F15191). Puccinia filipes has been reported from Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia. The host identifications of the Brazilian records need to be confirmed. Arthur (1918) reported that Puccinia filopes is a microcyclic rust with sori mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.1-0.3 mm across, crowded or confluent in circular groups 2-5 mm across, the groups on larger discolored spots, the sori pulvinate, golden-brown, becoming cinereous by germination, early naked, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, teliospores 30-40 x 13-16 m, oblong-obovoid, rounded above, somewhat narrowed below, slightly constricted at septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick, slightly or not thickened at apex, pale goldenbrown, sometimes lighter below, pedicel once to twice length of spore, 7-9 m in diameter next to spore, slender, tapering downward, colorless. PUCCINIA FIMBRISTYLIDIS Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 28. 1906. TYPE on Fimbristylis polymorpha Boeckeler from Mexico, Morelos: Cuernavaca, 27 Sept 1898, Holway-3227. (?/? IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae: Fimbristylis complanata Link, Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1956: 483). Ascolepis brasiliensis Bentham (Cyperaceae), Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1956: 483). Puccinia fimbristylidis has been reported on Fimbristylis spp. also from Colombia, some islands in the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, Texas, and from Africa, East Asia, and New Guinea. Uredinia hypophylous and caulicolous, 0.5-1 mm long, browinsh-yellow, rather tardily naked, opening by a longitudinal slit with the ruptured epidermis noticeable, urediniospores 18-26 x 15-20 m, broadly ellipsoid to globoid, wall more or less evenly ca 1.5 m thick, cinnamon- or golden brown, moderately or sparsely and evenly echinulate, pores 2, supra-equatorial. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves and caulicolous, up to 1.5 mm long, compound with each component sorus round, surrounded by abundant, dark-brown hyphal stroma, tardely naked, finally dehiscent by longitudinal slits, pulvinate, dark chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis conspiculous; teliospores 34-55 x 16-19 m, oblong, acute or obtuse above, somewhat narrowed at base, slightly constricted at the septum,; wall 1.5-2.5 m thick laterally, 4-9 m at apex, cinnamon-brown, smooth, pedicel usually about as long as spore, tinted (Arthur, 1920). Puccinia fimbristylidis could be confussed with Puccinia angustatoides or Puccinia dioicae, because they each have urediniospores with two supraequatorial germ pores. Joerstad (1956) was uncertain about the identification of the rust listed above on Ascolepis because only uredinia were present. Puccinia flaccida Berkeley & Broome in Berkeley, Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 91. 1873. See PUCCINIA ABNORMIS P. Hennings. PUCCINIA FLAVO-VIRENS H. S. Jackson & Holway in H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 18: 142. 1926. TYPE on Cyperus ferax L. C. Richard from Equador, Quito, 17 August 1920, Holway-908. (?/? IIpe/III).

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On Cyperaceae Cyperus diffusus Vahl., Amap (Soto-910222a). Cyperus sp., Amap (IBI-16090), So Paulo (IBI-14284). Puccinia flavo-virens was not reported in the first edition of this work but has been reported from Mexico and Ecuador. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on yellow leaf spots the abaxial side of leaves, sori 0.5-3 mm across, scattered or gregarious, elliptic, tardely naked, powdery, long covered by the golden-yellow epidermis, urediniospores 24-28 x 16-18 m, ellipsoid, wall evenly 1-1.5 m thick, colorless or nearly so, very finely and moderately echinulate, pores obscure, probably 2 or 3, equatorial. Telia hypophylous, scattered or confluent and covering large areas 1-5 mm across, often surrounded by the old uredinia, blackish brown, long covered by the epidermis; teliospores 32-48 x 12-14 m, ellipsoid, clavate, or cylindrical, apex obtuse, base rounded or narrowed to the pecicel, scarcely constricted at the septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick laterally, 3-6 m thick at the apex, light greenish yellow, smooth, pedicel about as long as the spore, about the same color as the spore (Jackson, 1926). Puccinia flosculosorum var. hieracei Roehling, see PUCCINIA HIERACEI (Roehling) Martius, var. HIERACII. Puccinia foveolata (Schweinitz) Berkeley & Curtis , see DASYSPORA GREGARIA (G.Kunze) P. Hennings. PUCCINIA FUCHSIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway in Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 4: 30. 1906. TYPE on Fuchsia thymifolia from Mexico, Amecameca, 10 Oct 1903, Holway-5210. (-/-,-/III). On Onagraceae: Fuchsia sp., Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 221). Puccinia fuchsiae has been reported only from the type from Mexico and this Brazilian record that requires confirmation. Puccinia fuirenicola Arthur, see PUCCINIA FUIRENICOLA Kern, Ciferri & Thurston. PUCCINIA FUIRENICOLA Kern, Ciferri & Thurston ( as "Puccinia fuirenicola Arthur"), Ann. Mycol. 31: 13. 1933. TYPE on Fuirena umbellata Rotthboel from The Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata Province: Cabarete, 31 March 1930, Ekman-3426. (?/? II/III). Kern et al. described telia from the specimen cited above. Thus, it automatically becomes the type and the name is to be ascribed to Kern et al., not to Arthur who did not describe telia. Anamorph Uredo fuirenae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (70). 1899. TYPE on Fuirena umbellata Rotthboel from Brazil, Santa Catarina: near So Francisco, 10 Sept 1884, Ule-15. ' Puccinia fuirenicola Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 109. 1919. TYPE same as for Uredo fuirenae P. Hennings (the name based on an anamorph). Dicaeoma fuirenicola Arthur, N. Amer. Fl. 7: 349. 1920. Based on Puccinia fuirenicola Arthur. On Cyperaceae: Fuirena umbellata Rottboell, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1956: 483), Santa Catarina [Hennings, 1899A: (70)]; So Paulo (Joerstad 1956: 483). Puccinia fuirenicola has been reported also from The West Indies, The Philippines, and Taiwan. Arthur (1920) reported uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 0.5-1 mm long, elliptic or oblong, tardily dehiscent by a longitudinal slit, ruptured epidermis conspicuus, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 23-27 x 18-23 m, broadly ellipsoid, globoid, or obovoid; wall 2-2.5 m thick, golden- or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, the pores 2, approximately equatorial. Kern et al. (1933) report telia as on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, oblong, dark brown, paraphyses absent; teliospores 40-56 x 13-19 m, cylindric, ellipsoid, or clavate, rounded or somewhat pointed above, and usually narowed below, constricted at septum; wall 1-1.5 m thick laterally, 4-7 m thick at apex, cinnamon-brown, upper cell somewhat darker; pedicel about the length of the spore or shorter, slightly pigmented.

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PUCCINIA FUNDATA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 112. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia discolor (Sprengel) Lessing [ Vernonanthura discolor (Sprengel) H. Robinson] from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 12 Nov 1921, Holway-1294. (?/?,II/III). On Compositae: Vernonia discolor (Sprengel) Lessing [ Vernonanthura discolor (Sprengel) H. Robinson], Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 112; PUR-F7935). Vernonia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 112). Puccinia fundata has been reported only from the two specimens listed above, both from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.4-0.8 mm across, few, widely scattered or densely grouped, pale cinnamon-brown, , becoming naked, powdery, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, paraphyses 60-90 x 15-20 m, curved or straight,, numerous, peripheral, wall uniformly 1 m or less thick, colorless or slightly tinted; urediniospores, 26-30 x 19-23 m, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless or pale golden-brown, closely and finely echinulate, pores obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm across, compact, pulvinate, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous,.densly grouped and widely scattered, few, pale chestnut-brown, becoming ashy-gray in color by germination, paraphyses like those in uredinia. Teliospores 44-65 x 24-28 m, clavate to broadly ellipsoid, rounded above, rounded or narrowed below, not or slightly constricted at septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 6-9 m at apex, cinnamon-brown, smooth; pedicel equal to spore or shorter, fragile, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Distinguishable from other Vernonia rusts by the presence of thin walled paraphyses and thin walled, light colored teliospores broadly thickened at apex (Jackson, 1932). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia fusiformis Dietel, see PUCCINIA DIOICAE P. Magnus. PUCCINIA GESNERACEARUM Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 6: 96. 1908. TYPE on an unidentified woody, climbing species of Gesneriaceae from Brazil, Par: Belm, botanical garden of Museu Goeldi, Dec 1907, Baker-101. (?/?,?/III). ? = Puccinia codonanthes H. Sydow & P. Sydow. 1916. Ann. Mycol. 14: 67. 1916. TYPE on Codonanthe formicarum Fritsch, Gesneriaceae, from Peru, Rio Acre: Seringal Aristella, May 1911, Ule-3420. Known only from the type. Puccinia gesneracearum has been reported only from the type. Dietel (1909: 264) published the same species again in 1909. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. The description of Puccinia codonanthe from Peru is almost identical to that of Puccinia gesneracearum. We list it tentatively as a synonym. Dietel (1908) records Puccinia gesneracearum as having telia on the abaxial side of leaves in large round, occasionally confluent, yellow or dark brown spots, sori punctiform, very numerous, crowded together in groups up to 1 cm across, but not confluent, naked, pulvinate, dark chestnut-brown, teliospores two-celled but with numerous one-celled spores (mesospores), two-celled spores 22-35 x 17-25 m, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, or wedge-shaped below, wall presumably smooth, pale brown, apex darker, and moderately thickened, pedicel sometimes inserted obliquely, firm, moderately long, mesospores 18-27 x 15-25 m, obovate or clavate. Soon germinating. PUCCINIA GIBERTII Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 9. 1880. TYPE on Hyptis fasciculata Bentham from Uruguay, B. Gibert-s.n.. (?/Icv,IIpe/IIIsm & IIIver). Puccinia hyptidis Tracy & Earle, Bull. Miss. Exp. Sta. 34: 86. 1895. Based on telia of Puccinia gibertii fide Laundon, 1975, p. 154. [Not Puccinia hyptidis (Curtis) Tracy & Earle, 1895, which is a synonym of Puccinia gibertii. ' Gymnoconia hyptidis Lagerheim [as " (Curt.) Lagerheim], Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 17: 83. 1895. Lagerheim was first to describe telia. TYPE, Lagerheim reported two collections: from The United States of America on Hyptis radiata: Alabama, date not reported, M. A. Curtis; and South Carolina, date not reported, Ravenel (type of Uredo hyptidis Curtis). Argotelium hyptidis (Tracy & Earle) Arthur in Laundon, Mycotaxon 3: 154. 1975. = Puccinia hyptidicola P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 1: 280. 1904. TYPE on Hyptis

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fasciculata from Uruguay, Concepcion, date not recorded, G. P. Lorentz-s.n. = Puccinia perfuncta H. S. Jackson & Holway, in Jackson Mycologia 24: 70. 1932. TYPE on Hyptis fasciculata Bentham from Brazil, Juqueiri, 2 Feb 1922., Holway-1527. Synanamorphs Uredo gibertii Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 10. 1880. TYPE on Hyptis fasciculata Bentham from Uruguay, date not reported, Gibert-s.n. The type specimen is the same as for Puccinia gibertii Spegazzini. Aecidium tucumanense Spegazzini An Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 80. 1881. not Saccardo & Sydow, 1902. TYPE on Hyptis spicata Poit. from Argentina, Tucumn, date not reported, Lorentz and Hieronymus-s.n. = Eriosporangium tucumanensis (Spegazzini) Arthur, (in part) N. Am. Flora 7: 212. 1912. Uredinia and telia described by Arthur but not from the type of Aecidium tucumanense. ' Puccinia tucumanense (Spegazzini) Arthur, Mycologia 8: 247. 1916. Arthur reported a few uredinia and telia present in the type of Aecidium tucumanensis but did not give a description of the telia. Therefore, the name must be placed as a nomenclatural synonym of Aecidium tucumanensis Spegazzini.. = Aecidium hyptidis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 337. 1895. TYPE on Hyptis sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, July 1888, Ule-897. On Labiatae Hyptis fasciculata Bentham, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932:70), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:70). Hyptis sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932:70), Santa Catarina (PUR-F7276,). So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1919: (84) as Aecidium tucumanense). [Spegazzini, C. 1919. Reliquiae Mycologicae Tropicae. Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Crdoba, Argentina 23: (84).]. Puccinia gibertii has been reported also from Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Ecuador. Spermogonia not reported. Aecia on galls and malformations on locally systemic infections. Aecia cupulate, peridium well developed, fragile; aeciospores 24-37 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m, pale yellow or colorless, coarsely verrucose. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, yellowish or cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 18-24 m in ndiameter, globoid; wall 1-1.5 m thick, echinulate, yellow or pale cinnamonbrown, germ pores 2, usually obscure, equatorial or mostly supra-equatorial. Telia of two sorts, in one teliospores 29-36 x 15-21 m, ellipsoid, constricted at septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick, smooth, colorless or yellowish, germinate without dormancy; in the other teliospores 26-39 x 19-25 m, ellipsoid or oblong, slightly constricted at septum, wall 1.5-3 m, chestnut- or cinnamon-brown, finely and closely verrrucose, pore of the upper cell apical, of lower next to the septum, pedicel short or occasionally up to 50 m long, usually breaking away near the point of attachment, colorless, thin-walled, remain dormant for a period of time. Some sori have both kinds of teliospores (Baxter, 1962; Lindquist, 1982). Puccinia giberti and P. neohyptidis may be separated by the following comparison: P. giberti: aecia with well developed peridia; teliospores 35-45 x (15-)18-25 m, ellipsoid to oblong ellipsoid, two different forms, some with wall colorless and smooth, others with wall pigmented and verrucose. P. neohyptidis: aecia without peridia or only a few peridial cells; teliospores 70-80 x 16-18 m, fusiform or oblong fusiform. Puccinia gnaphalii Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA GNAPHALLIICOLA P. Hennings. Puccinia gnaphalii (Spegazzini) P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA GNAPHALIICOLA P. Hennings. PUCCINIA GNAPHALIICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (68). 1899. TYPE on Gnaphalium sp from Brazil, Rio de Jainero, Rio de Janeiro, published as 9 January 1896, Ule-2162 but recorded on type packet in B as 9 September 1896, Ule-2126. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Puccinia gnaphalii Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 309. 1909. TYPE on Gnaphalium purpureum Linnaeus from Argentina, Patagonia, Lago Blanco, March 1903, C. Spegazzini s.n. Anamorph

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Uredo gnaphalii Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 73. 1881. TYPE on Gnaphalium americanum Greene or Mill., from Argentina, ?LaPlata, Chacarita, vere 1880, C. Spegazzini s. n. )Puccinia gnaphalii (Spegazzini) P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 4l: (66). 1902. = Uredo facelidis Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 73. 1881. TYPE on Facelis apiculata Cass., from Argentina ?LaPlata, Chacarita, hieme, 1880, C. Spegazzini s. n. On Compositae: Gnaphalium purpureum Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 299), Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 471), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 157). Gnaphalium sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899A: 68; Dietel, 1899: 251), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D: 295; Puttemans-342, IBI-15240). Puccinia gnaphaliicola has been reported from Southern Argentina to the Southeastern United States of America and from New Zealand and Australia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial leaf surface and stems; cinnamon brown; spores (21-)22-25(-27) x (19-)21-24 m, broadly obovoid or globoid, wall (1.5-)2(-2.5) m (2.5-3 m fide Joerstad, 1947) thick, uniformly echinulate, yellowish brown, pores 2, rarely 3, equatorial or slightly above, in slightly or not flattened sides, with slight or no caps. Telia like the uredinia but blackish brown, exposed, compact; spores (32-)35-50(-55) x (17-)19-23(-25) m oblong ellipsoid or elongately obovoid, wall 1-1.5(-2) m thick at sides, (4-)5-7(-10) m at apex, uniformly golden or clear chestnut brown, smooth, pore apical in each cell; pedicels to about 65 m long, colorless (Cummins, 1978). See Puccinia achyroclines for comparison. Puccinia gonolobi Ravenel in Berkeley & Curtis, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA GOUANIAE Holway, Ann. Mycol. 3: 21. 1905. TYPE on Gouania polygama (Jacquin) Urban (reported originally as Gouania tomentosa Jacquin) from Cuba, Gebara, 15 March 1903, Holway (isotypes distributed in the exciccati by Bartholomew-N. Am. Ured. 544). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Rhamnaceae: Gouania corylifolia Raddi, So Paulo (Jackson,1931: 474). Gouania polygama (Jacquin) Urban, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 299), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 474). Gouania sp., Gois (IBI-13351), Minas Gerais (IBI-13199). So Paulo (IBI-13974). Puccinia gouaniae has been reported also from Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, The West Indies, Central America, Mexico, and Africa (Hansford, C. G., 1937). Spermogonia on small gall-like thickenings 1-4 mm across on leaves. Aecia 0.2-0.7 mm across, surround the spermogonia, without paraphyses, aeciospores similar to the urediniospores, 26-32 x 21-27 m, obovoid to triangular-obovoid, wall 2.5-4 m thick, echinulate (with smooth spots ?), cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial. Uredinia usually scattered on abaxial side of leaves, 0.1-0.3 mm across, powdery, dark cinnamon-brown, paraphyses 50-80 x 12-18 m, peripheral, numerous, cylindric or somewhat clavate, rounded above, usually 1-septate, wall uniformly 1 m thick or less, colorless, smooth; urediniospores 24-30 x 21-26 m, obovoid or triangular obovoid, wall 1-2.5 m thick, dark cinnamon-brown, strongly and sprarsely echinulate, pores 2, equatorial, opposite, in smooth spots (at least in the Brazilian collections), reported as occasionally 3, supraequatorial in North America. Teliospores 34-45 x 24-32 m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, not constricted at the septum, wall uniformly 3-5 m thick, moderately and rather coarsely verrucose, dark chestnut-brown, pedicel about the length of the spore, fragile, colorless but tinted next to spore (Arthur et al., 1907-1940, p. 487). Viennot-Bourgin (1953) reviewed six species of Puccinia known to infect Gouania: Puccinia gouaniae, Puccinia gouaniicola, Puccinia invaginata, and Puccinia paraensis occur in the warmer regions of the New World; Puccinia gouaniae-tilliaefoliae Sydow in the Philippines, and Puccinia gouaniae, Puccinia incallida and Puccinia paraensis in Africa. Puccinia gouaniicola Spegazzini (Lindquist, 1982) is a microcyclic species that has been reported from far Northwest Argentina on Gouania latifolia Reiss. Spermogonia and telia occur on galls 0.2-0.5 cm across on stems and leaves. Teliospores are 38-52 x 25-31 m, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rounded above and below, not constricted at the septum, wall uniformly 5-7 m thick, laminate, coarsely verrucose, golden

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yellow, pores not visible; pedicel short, fragil, sometimes on side of spore. This species is probably a microcyclic derivative of Puccinia gouaniae. Puccinia goyazensis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA LEVIS var. GOYAZENSIS (P. Hennings) Ramachar & Cummins. PUCCINIA GRAMINELLA Dietel & Holway in Dietel, Erythea 3: 80. 1895. TYPE on Stipa lepida Hitchcock (reported as Stipa eminens) from The United States of America, California: Berkeley, May 1894, Holway & Blasdale s.n. (?/? IIcv/III), or (?/Icv,IIcv/III). Previously reported as(/Icv,-/III). Anamorph Aecidium graminellum Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 77. 1881. TYPE on Stipa sp. from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires, Spring 1880, Spegazzini s.n. This anamorph name may serve for either aecia or uredinia. Allodus graminella (Spegazzini) Arthur, Result. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 345. 1906. On Gramineae: Gen. undetermined, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 256, as Aecidium graminellum, Ule-504). Although the type of Puccinia graminella is on Stipa sp. from California in The United States of America, this rust is best known from Argentina and Chile (Cummins, 1971). In addition to Stipa, its host genera include Nassella and Piptochaetium. Only the one collection has been reported from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia with the morphology of Aecidium, loosely grouped or scattered, cylindrical or tongue-shaped, peridium whitish or yellowish, variously lacerate or breaking basally, urediniospores (16-)20-23(-28)x(18-)22-25(-33) m, mostly globoid, wall (2-)3-4.5(-6) m thick, colorless or yellowish, finely and labyrinthiformly verrucose or rugose. Telia on adaxial side of leaves, mostly associated with the uredinia, pulvinate, chestnut to chocolate, elliptical, attaining 3 mm in length, teliospores variable, tending to be dimorphic, resting type (23-)26-30(-33)x31-)37-43(-51) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall 2-3 m thick at sides, 6-18 m thick apically, mostly golden in both types; pedicel colorless, or pale yellowish, thick-walled,and not collapsing, attaining 200 m in length (modified from Greene & Cummins, 1958) Using the morphological system of life cycle terminology, Puccinia graminella has traditionally been reported to have only aecia and telia in its life cycle and no spermogonia or uredinia. The sori that were interpreted as aecia belong to the anamorph genus Aecidium. They are scattered over the infected grass leaves, and if telia are present, the telia are closely associated with the Aecidium graminellum sori. We know of no experimental observations that support the interpretation that these Aecidium graminellum sori are aecia as defined by ontogeny. We use the ontological definitions of the life cycle stages and propose that the species could be either: 1. heteroecious, the Aecidium graminellum sori are uredinia, and that spermogonia and aecia are unknown on some other non-grass host, or 2. autoecious, and spermogonia are unknown or not produced and aecia and uredinia are morphologically identical. Inoculation experiments are required to determine which hypothesis is correct. PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon, Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 288. 1801. See Cummins, 1971, for complete synonomy. (0/Icv IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Avena sativa Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-657), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4654), So Paulo (Vigas,1945: 26; IBI-1772). Briza sp., Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17719). Calamagrostis monteseensis Nees, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 56). Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus, Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70), Rio Grande do Sul (IAN723). Lolium multiflorum Lamarck, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 114). Secale cereale Linnaeus, So Paulo (IAC-?113). Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1949: 299; IBI-3611), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 137), Rio Grande do Sul (IAN-724), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 26; IAC83, IBI-17503). Triticum sphaerococcum Percival, Rio Grande do Sul (IAN-707).

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Puccinia graminis is a species complex, cosmopolitan in distribution, with many gradations of specialization for at least 50 genera of grasses, nearly all, if not all, belong to the grass subfamily Pooideae. Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium berberidis Persoon) occur on species of Berberis, sori cupulate or cylindrical, in groups; aeciospores 16-23 x 15-19 m, globoid or more or less oblong, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 5-9 m apically, verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or most commonly on sheaths and stems, about cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (22-)26-40(-45) x (13-)l6-22(-24) m, mostly oblong ellipsoid, wall mostly 1.5-2 m, rarely to 3 m or even 4 m, the apex usually thicker, yellowish to golden brown, echinulate, strongly so toward the ends and usually less so equatorially, germ pores ( 3)4 or 5, equatorial. Telia most commonly on sheaths and stems, early exposed, blackish brown, compact; teliospores (33-))40-60(-66;-76) x (l3-)16-23(-25) m, ellipsoid, or narrowly obovoid, wall (1-)l.5-2(-2-5) m thick at sides, (5-)7-10(-12) m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels usually brownish, usually collapsing, to 80 m long, usually about 50 m long (Cummins, 1971). Spermogonia and aecia occur on Berberis spp. in the Northern Hemisphere but there are no reliable records for infections on Berberis in the the Southern Hemisphere. Wild, close relatives of some of our most important cereals as well as the domesticated cereals themselves are hosts for this rust. Puccinia graminis is best known by its populations that are pathogens of wheat, Triticum aestivum. Other cereals that are attacked include oats, barley, and rye. This is the most studied of all rust species and has been used extensively as an example for teaching in classes of botany, mycology, and plant pathology. Important general concepts learned from research using Puccinia graminis include 1. how small genetic changes in one or a few genes in a pathogen may result in new races or populations that can attack formerly resistant hosts, and 2. for plant pathology the long distance dissemination of spores by wind currents and the subsequant development of plant disease epidemics (epiphytotics) that may develop in wheat growing regions of the world. Cummins (1971) followed Urban (Ceska Mykol. 21:12-16. 1967) in recognizing two subspecies, P. g. ssp. graminis and P. g. ssp. graminicola Urban Ceska Mykol. 21:14. 1967, based primarily on the length of the urediniospores. The subspecies are reasonably distinct, but there is some intergradation. The species itself is remarkably distinctive, despite variability in spore sizes. Within P. g. ssp. graminis Urban, again based on the sizes of urediniospores, recognized var. graminis, with spores (20-)26-36(-45) x (13-)16-21(-22) and var. stakmanii Guyot, Massen. & Saccas, with spores (20-)33-36-(-39) x (13-)14-21(-23). The rust of Triticum, Aegilops, and Elymus, is ssp. graminis var. graminis, that of Avena, Hordeum, Secale, and various other genera, is ssp. graminis var. stakmanii. PUCCINIA GRANCHACOENSIS Joerstad. 1956, Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 3:464. 1956. TYPE on Mikania sp. from Bolivia, Gran Chaco: Tatarenda, 2 April 1902, R. E. Fries-s. n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Puccinia granchacoensis has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or confluent to 0.4 mm across, powdery, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; urediniospores 28-32 x 23-27 m, subgloboid, clavate, to broadly ellipsoid; wall 1.5-2 m thick, loosely echinulate, cinnamon-brown, pores 2, near the hilum. Telia scattered on the abaxial side of leaves, to 0.4 mm across, blackish, subcompact, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; teliospores 36-47 x 26-33 m, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, rounded at both ends, not or slightly constricted at the septum; wall smooth, 2-3 m thick at sides, with a pale umbo to 8 m thick over pores, pore in upper cell apical, pore in lower cell at septum; pedicel to 45 m long, deciduous, colorless (Joerstad, 1956). Joerstad (1956) reported that this species is very similar to Puccinia eupatorii except that the urediniospore pores are near the hilum, not equatorial as in P. eupatorii. We believe the host may be Eupatorium, not Mikania. See Chrysocyclus mikaniae for a key to help identify rusts on Mikania in the Neotropics. Puccinia gregaria G. Kunze, see DASYSPORA GREGARIA (G. Kunze) P. Hennings. PUCCINIA GRISELINIAE Pazschke, Hedwigia 35: 52. 1896. TYPE on Griselinia ruscifolia Taubert from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra do Itatiaia, "Argulhas Negras", March 1894, Ule-2101. (-/-,-/III). On Cornaceae: Griselinia ruscifolia Taubert, Rio de Janeiro (Pazschke, 1896: 52), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931:

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490), Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 28). Puccinia griseliniae, known only from the collections from Brazil listed above, is a microcyclic rust characterized by large, circular telia that are 2-3 mm across, long covered by the epidermis, then erumpent and surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, pulvinate, and blackish brown, the sori are on pale circular spots 24 mm across, scattered on the abaxial side of leaves. Teliospores are 53-68 x 13-16 m, clavate or fusiform, rounded at the apex, narrowed below and constricted at the septum; the wall is not thickened at the apex, smooth, brownish yellow; the pedicel 50-60 m long, colorless, and persistent. Few other rusts are known on the family Cornaceae, none others in South America. Puccinia porphyrogenita Curtis on Cornus spp., another microcyclic rust from North America and Northeast Asia, is the only other species of Puccinia known on Cornaceae. Puccinia grumizamae Rangel, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. PUCCINIA GUARANITICA Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 26: 12. 1888. TYPE on Gouinia latifolia (Grisebeck) Vasey (reported originally as Tricuspis latifolia Grisebeck) from Paraguay: Guarapi, Oct 1888, B. Balansa-3966. (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia chichenensis Mains, Carnegie Inst. of Washington Publ. 461: 100. 1935. TYPE on Gouinia latifolia var. guatemalensis (Hackel) J.J.Ortz (reported as Gouinia ramosa Swallen from Mexico, Yucatan: Chichenitza, 7-13 July 1932, Swallen-2484. On Gramineae: Gouinia latifolia (Grisebeck) Vasey, Guarapi, Brasiliae (Sydow, 1904: 819). Puccinia guaranitica has been reported from Paraguay and Bolivia to Mexico. All collections are on species of Gouinia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown, without paraphyses; urediniospores (few seen) 20-25(-27) x (l5-)l7-2l(-23) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) m, pale yellow to cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 4 or 5 equatorial or 4-6 scattered. Telia on both sides of leaves, early exposed, blackish, compact; teliospores (26-)28-31(-33) x 20-23(-25) m, broadly ellipsoid, (tending to be diorchidioid on Gouinia virgata), wall 2-3(-4) m laterally, 4-7 m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels attaining a length of 100 m, thin-walled and collapsing, golden (Hennen and Cummins, 1956; Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA GYMNOPOGONICOLA Hennen in Hennen & Cummins, Mycologia 48: 134. 1956. TYPE on Gymnopogon burchellii (Munro ex Dll) Ekman from Brazil, So Paulo: Mandaqui, 25 May 1922, E.W.D. Holway and Mary M. Holway 1888. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Gymnopogon burchellii (Munro ex Dll) Ekman, So Paulo (Hennen & Cummins, 1956: 134; Reliquiae Holwayanae number 146, as Puccinia gymnopogonis). Gymnopogon spicatus (Spring.) Kuntze, Gois (Joerstad, 1959: 62), Mato Grosso (Hennen & Cummins, 1956: 134), Minas Gerais (Hennen & Cummins, 1956: 134), Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 62). Puccinia gymnopogonicola has been reported also from Argentina. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on adaxial side of leaves, without paraphyses, yellow; urediniospores 16-22 x 13-16 m, ovoid or nearly globoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, colorless or yellowish, finely echinulate, pores obscure, probably scattered. Telia on both sides of leaves, blackish, early exposed, pulvinate; teliospores (26-)28-41 x (16-)18-22 m, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 3-5 m thick laterally, 4-6 m apically, golden or clear chestnut-brown, bilaminate, smooth; pedicels to 80 m long, thin-walled, collapsing, colorless or brownish (Hennen and Cummins, 1956; Cummins, 1971). The thick, golden- to clear chestnut-brown, bilamellate wall of the teliospores is a useful trait that helps to identify this species. Puccinia gymnopogonis P. Sydow & H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA BOUTELOUAE (Jennings) Holway. PUCCINIA GYMNOTHRICHIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 242. 1896. TYPE on Pennisetum latifolium Sprengle, (reported originally as Gymnothrix latifolia Schultz ) fron Argentina, Tucumn: Sierra de Siambn, March 1872, P. G. Lorentz s.n. (?/? IIpe/III).

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= Puccinia burmeisteri Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires. 6: 222. 1899. TYPE on Pennisetum tristachyum Sprengle from Argentina, Buenos Aires: La Plata., autumn 1888, Spegazzini-s.n. On Gramineae: Pennisetum latifolium Sprengel, Paran (PUR-F4954), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 57; IAN-722), So Paulo (PUR-F4951). Pennisetum tristachyum (Kunth) Sprengel, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 114). Pennisetum sp., So Paulo (IBI-1677). Puccinia gymnothrichis has been reported also on Pennisetum spp. from Argentina, Bolivia, and Ecuador (Cummins, 1971). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown or paler; urediniospores (24-)26-32(-34) x (20-)22-26 m, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid, or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 3 or 4, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, early exposed, compact, blackish brown; teliospores (26-)32-45(-52) x (14-)16-21(-26) m, mostly ellipsoid or narrowly ellipsoid with a differentiated, pale, apical umbo, wall 2 m thick at sides, (4-)5-9(-13) m apically, golden or chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 80 m long, colorless, thin-walled and collapsing (Ramachar and Cummins, 1965; Cummins, 1971). A trait that especially helps to identify Puccinia gymnothrichis is the presence of a pale, well differentiated umbo on the apex of most teliospores. Puccinia hedysari-paniculati Schweinitz, see UROMYCES HEDYSARI-PANICULATI (Schweinitz) Farlow. PUCCINIA HELIANTHI Schweinitz, Schr. Naturf. Ges. Leipzig 1: 73. 1822. TYPE: Neotype designated by Parmelee, 1967. Puccinia helianthorum Schweinitz, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 296. 1832. On Helianthus tuberosus Linneaus from The United States of America, Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, date not available, Schweinitz-s.n. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Puccinia viguierae Peck, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 35. 1885. TYPE on Helianthus sp. fide Arthur(1905), reported misrtakenly as on Viguiera sp., from The United States of America: New Mexico, April, year not reported, M. E. Jones. = Puccinia xanthifoliae Ellis & Ever. J. Mycol. 6:120. 1891. On Compositae: Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (IBI-14458), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 142; IAN-726; IBI-13050), So Paulo (IBI-6109). Puccinia helianthi, originally from North America and reported to infect at least 32 species of Helianthus there, is now circumglobal and occurs nearly everywhere Helianthus annuus is grown. It has been reported also on Heliopsis sp., Iva sp., and Xanthium sp. Puccinia helianthi may be very destructive in cultivated fields of girassol. Up to now no spermogonia and aecia have been reported from Brazil although the species is autoecious. These stages have been reported from North America. Spermogonia mostly on adaxial leaf surface. Aecia on abaxial surface in groups, peridium short; spores (16-)20-25(-30)x (13-)16-21(-23) m ellipsoid or globoid, wall (0.5-)1-1.5(-2.5) m thick, colorless, minutely verrucose. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (23-)26-33(38) x (14-)18-28(-32) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid with pores in face view, oblong ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid with pores lateral, wall 1-1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate except around pores, pores 2, equatorial, in flattened sides; telia on both sides of leaves or mostly on abaxial side, compact, blackish brown; teliospores (33-)38-60(-70) x (18-)21-30(-33) m, oblong ellipsoid or elongately obovoid; wall (1-)1.5-2(-2.5) m thick at sides, clear chestnut-brown or golden-brown, (5-)7-10(-12) m at apex, and at pore of lower cell, the umbos pale, smooth, pore of each cell apical; pedicel to 170 m long but commonly less than 100 m, colorless (Cummins, 1978). PUCCINIA HELICONIAE Arthur [as (Diet.) comb. nov.], Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 45: 144. 1918.

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TYPE on Heliconia latispatha Bentham [as Bihai latispatha (Benth.) Griggs] from Panama, Canal Zone: Montelinio, 4 March 1913, E. Bethel s.n. Arthur described telia from the specimen cited here as type. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Uredo heliconiae Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 35. 1897. TYPE on Heliconia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, Dec 1891, Ule-1823. On Heliconiaceae: Heliconia sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 165), Par (IBI-16053), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 83, IAC-3831), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 35). Musa textilis Nees, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 83; IAC-3032). Puccinia heliconiae has been reported also from Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, West Indies, Central America, and Mexico. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on on brown discolored spots on abaxial side of leaves, sori 0.2-0.5mm across, roundish, numerous, closely grouped or confluent, sometimes in circles, rather early naked, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis noticeable; urediniospores 23-32x18-24 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-3 m, cinnamon-brown, moderately and noticeably echinulate, the pores obscure, probably 2, equatorial. Telia scattered on abaxial side of leaves, 0.3-0.5mm across, round, soon naked, ruptured epidermis evident, cinnamon-brown; teliospores 15-19x60-72 m, elongate-clavate, rounded above, not or slightly constricted at septum, wall 1 m thick at sides, thickened 9-13 m above, pale cinnamon-brown, smooth; pedicel short, colorless. The teliospores that have nearly colorless, very thin, lateral walls and very thick apical walls helps to identify P. heliconiae. PUCCINIA HELIOCARPI P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Mon. Ured. 1: 447. 1903. TYPE on Heliocarpus americanus Linnaeus from Ecuador, Puenta de Chimbo, date not published, Lagerheim s.n. (-/-,/III). On Tiliaceae: Heliocarpus americanus Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1959: 90). Puccinia heliocarpi has been reported also from Argentina and Venezuela. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia not produced. Teliospores 38-52 x 13-16 m, oblong to oblong clavate, often narrowed to acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, slightly or not constricted at the septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick, not or slightly thicker at apex, smooth, pale yellow, pedicel up to 80 m long. Puccinia hemipogonis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA HENNINGSII Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 31. 1897. TYPE on Baccharis dracunculifolia DeCandolle from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Aug 1888, Ule-910. (0/Icv,?/III) or ?(0/Icv,IIcv/III). Anamorph ? Caeoma negerianum Dietel, in Dietel P. and F. Neger. 1896. Engler's bot. Jahrb. 22: 357. TYPE on Baccharis elaeoides Remy, Chile, near Valdivia (Corral), ? date, Neger s.n. On Compositae: Baccharis calvescens DeCandolle, Santa Catarina (PUR-F8121). Baccharis dracunculifolia DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 144; PUR-F8125), Santa Catarina (Dietel 1897: 31), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 144; Lindquist, 1958: 20). Baccharis genistelloides (Lamarck) Persoon, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 299), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 64). Baccharis sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 144), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 144). Heterothalamus brunioides Lessing, Minas Gerais (Thurston,1940: 299). Puccinia henningsii has been reported with certainty only from Brazil but the anamorph Caeoma negerianum has been reported from Argentina and Chile . Spermogonia globoid with emerging periphyses, in groups on the adaxial side of leaves. Aecia, Caeoma negerianum, on abaxial side of leaves or more frequently on swollen, fusiform areas of branchlets, covered by the ruptured epidermis, yellowish, powdery; aeciospores 28-56x16-22 m, fusiform, ellipsoid, ovoid, or irregularly polygonal; wall 1.5-2 m thick, verrucose in irregular rows or at times reticulate.

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Uredinia, if present, like the aecia but without spermogonia. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, small, somewhat elevated, cinnamon-brown, turning gray by germination; teliospores 47-65x22-25 m, ellipsoid to oblongellipsoid, rounded above, narrowed or rounded below, at times slightly curved, constricted at the septum, wall 2-2.5 m thick at sides, 3-3.5 m thick above, smooth; pedicel to one and a half times length of spore, colorless (Lindquist, 1982). Lindquist (1982) did not record uredinia in the life cycle. Probably uredinia are present and have the morphology of the Caeoma. Anamorph sori are frequently on stems in slightly swollen, fusiform areas up to 7 cm long. The main traits are telia early exposed, teliospores mostly more than 50 m but less than 65 m long, walls 2-2.5 m thick laterally, 3-3.5 m thick at the apex, smooth, yellowish or almost colorless, anamorph spores catenulate, 28-56 x 16-22 m, fusoid, ellipsoid, ovoid or irregularly polygonal, wall 1.5-2 m thick, verrucose with verrucae in striae or forming a reticulum-like pattern. Although Arthur (1922) included Caeoma negerianum as an anamorph of Puccinia evadens, Dietel (1914), Jackson (1932), and Lindquist (1958, 1982) reported that Caeoma negerianum is an anamorph of Puccinia henningsii. But Oehrens (1970), working with specimens from the type locality in Chile, determined that Caeoma negerianum Dietel is part of the life cycle of Puccinia valdiviana Oehrens (1970), which has been reported only from Chile. [in Dietel & Neger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 357. 1896. TYPE on Baccharis elaeoides Remy from Chile,Valdivia: near Corral, date not reported, Neger s.n.] Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. At least 53 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Lindquist, 1957). Thus, the New World genus Baccharis, which itself has about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA HETEROPTERIDIS Thuemen, Mycotheca Univ. no. 839. 1877. TYPE on Heteropteris angustifolia Grisebech from Argentina, Concepcion del Uruguay, April 1876, Lorentz s.n. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo uleana Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 36. 1897. TYPE on Heteropteris sp. (reported as undetermined Malpighiaceae) from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Caraca, March 1892, Ule-1833. Telia are present on the type but they were not described. On Malpighiaceae: Heteropteris angustifolia Grisebach, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 131). Heteropteris coriacea Jussieu, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 306). Heteropteris sp., So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 2; Spegazzini 1908: 8; Jackson, 1913: 361; IBI17198). Gen. undetermined, Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 36), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 91; IAC-2633). Puccinia heteropteridis has been reported also from Argentina and Uruguay. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves in groups of 10-20 on spots about 1 mm across, subepidermal in origin, globoid, honey-yellow when fresh. Aecia on both sides of leaves surrounding the spermogonia, irregular to oval in outline but becoming confluent and surrounding the spermogonia, cinnamon-brown, aeciospores like the urediniospores. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered or in circinnate groups, irregularly oval to circular in outline, 0.3-0.5 mm across, blister-like at first and covered by the raised epidermis that splits irregularly, powdery, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 30-37(-40) x 20-28 m, mostly ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, sometimes slightly flattened on sides, wall mostly 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, cinnamon-brown but lighter in the equatorial region, more or less evenly moderately to sparsely echinulate with echinulae 1.5-3 m apart, germ pores 2-3(-4), more or less equatorial, often with slightly raised cuticular caps. Telia on both sides of leaves, oval to circular in outline, 0.2-0.8 mm across, blackish-brown, ruptured epidermis usually remaining, powdery, without paraphyses; teliospores (40-)46-54 x 28-33 m, ellipsoid to fusiform-ellipsoid, usually narrowed into an acute to acuminate rostrate apex, rounded or narrowed below, not constricted at septum, wall ca 5 m thick at sides, 7-12 m thick at apex, chestnut brown but paler at apex, two-layered, inner layer darker than outer layer, outer layer reticulate-pitted, germ pores obscure, pedicel 3570(-90) m long, sometimes slightly thicker below, persistent or not, mostly colorless. Traits that help identify Puccinia heteropteridis include: teliospores with a rostrate apex, walls thick, bilaminate with punctate-reticulate sculpture, pedicels lacking a bulbous swelling; urediniospore walls relatively thin, echinulations small dot-like, germ pores 2-3(-4), equatorial. See under Puccinia banisteriae for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae.

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Spermogonia and aecia, which were not reported before, occur on the exsiccati Sydow, Uredineen, n. 2621. PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10: 356. (1868) 1869. TYPE on Malvaceae, genus undetermined, Cuba, C. Wright-283. (-/-,-/III). = Uromyces malvacearum Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Ci. Argentina 12: 72. 1881. TYPE on Abutilon mendoncae E. G. Baker from Argentina, Sierra Chica, January 1877, G. Hieronymous s.n. = Uromyces malvicola Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Ci. Argentina 17: 94. 1884. TYPE on Abutilon sp. from Argentina, Guarapi, July 1883, Spegazzini 3885. = Uromyces pavoniae Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 1. 1904. TYPE on Pavonia racemosa Linnaeus, Puerto Rico, between Mayaguez and Joyua, 1901, L. M. Underwood 193. Micropuccinia heterospora (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur & H. S. Jackson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 41. 1921. = Puccinia mikania-micranthae Vigas, Bragantia 5: 37: 1945. TYPE on Malvaceae, genus undetermined (originally identified mistakenly as Mikania sp., Compositae) from Brazil, Paraba, Guarabira, December 1939, J. Deslandes 586. On Malvaceae: Abutilon molle Sweet , Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 131). Abutilon pauciflorum Saint-Hilaire, Bahia (IAC-7888), Rio de Janeiro (Joerstad, 1959: 78). Abutilon pedunculare Humbolt, Bonpland & Kunth, Bahia (PUR-F6527). Abutilon permolle Sweet, Esprito Santo (IBI-4658). Abutilon tiubae Schumann, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-3243). Abutilon umbelliflorum Saint-Hilaire, Santa Catarina (Joerstad, 1959: 78). Abutilon sp., Alagoas (IAC-3654), Cear (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-3659, -3841), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 28), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 79; IAC-4672, So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 105; Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-2560). Gaya guerkeana K. Schumann, So Paulo (Joerstad, 1959: 78). Gaya pilosa K. Schumann, So Paulo (Joerstad, 1959: 78). Hibiscus tiliaceus Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 299). Pseudabutilon sp.,Maranho (IBI-5474), Par (IBI-6884). Sida cordifolia Linnaeus, Bahia (IBI-3006), Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-3000, -4084), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 479; Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-130). Sida glutinosa Cavanilles, Rio de Janeiro (Joerstad, 1959: 78). Sida paniculata Linnaeus, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 479). Sida spinosa Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1949: 299), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC3439), Rio Grande do Sul ( PUR-F19130), Santa Catarina (Joerstad, 1959: 78). Sida tomentosa Miquel (?S. cordifolia Linnaeus), Minas Gerais (IBI-3653), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 479). Sida urens Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 299), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-3728), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 479; IAC-113). Sida sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 93), Minas Gerais (IAC-5381), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-3641, -3664).Pernambuco (Batista & Bezerra, 1960: 27), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 233; Dietel, 1897: 28; Dietel, 1899: 250), So Paulo (PUR-F19131). Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fries, Rio de Janeiro (Joerstad,1959: 78). Wissadula hernandioides (LHeritier) Garcke, Bahia (PUR-F6550), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 479), So Paulo (Vigas,1945: 28; IAC-598). Wissauduula hirsuta Presl, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-2666). Wissaudula periplacifolia (Linnaeus) Presl, Mato Grosso (Joerstad,1959: 78), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-3640). Wissadula spicata Presl, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 299). Wissadula sp., Amap (Soto 910225); Paraba (IAC-3647), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC2759), Sergipe (Vigas, 1945: 28; IAC-3639), Serra do Mel, Rio Branco (Sydow, 1916: 67). Malvaceae gen. undetermined, Alagoas (IAC-3644), Paraba (IAC-3848). Triumfetta sp. (Tiliaceae), So Paulo (IAC-7411). Puccinia heterospora has been collected relatively frequently and is widespread in the warmer areas of the Western Hemisphere. It has also been reported from Africa, Australia, and Asia. See Puccinia

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arechavaletae for notes about similarity to P.uccinia heterospsora and P. lantanae. See Puccinia schedonnardi for possible correlation with that heteroecious species. Puccinia heterospora is similar to several other microcyclic species of Puccinia on various genera of Malvaceae. The following comparison key, modified from Lindquist (1982), may help identify these species. Key to help identify microcyclic species of Puccinia on Malvaceae 1. Spermogonia absent, only teliospores in the life cycle 2. Teliospores mostly one-celled Puccinia platyspora 3. Spores oblong to fusiform, wall pale to cinnamon. 3. Spores narrowly ellipsoid ,ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall pale chestnut-brown or Puccinia heterospora darker. 2. Teliospores mostly two-celled. 4. Spores 30-40 x 18-26 m, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid Puccinia lobata. Puccinia malvacearum. 4. Spores 41-70 x 14-25 m. fusiform to oblong-fusiform Puccinia anodae 4. Spores 37-52 x 17-22 m ovoid to ellipsoid. 1. Spermogonia present, teliospores fusiform or linnear with many irregular shapes because of pressures Puccinia modiolae. within the sorus. Arthur et al. (1922) reported the following key to help identify microcyclic species of Puccinia on Malvaceae in North America. 1. Teliospores large, 38-75 m long Puccinia malvacearum. 2. Telia usually light-brown, scattered 2. Telia usually dark-brown, in tight groups 3. Teliospores up to 75 m long, wall moderately thick, 1.5-4 m Puccinia sherardiana. Puccinia sidalceae. 3. Teliospores up to 48 m long, wall very thick, 3-5 m 1. Teliospores small, 18-45 m long 4. Telia usually dark-brown Puccinia heterospora. 5. One-celled teliospores predominating Puccinia lobata. 5. One-celled teliospores rare or absent 4. Telia usually light-brown to nearly colorless Puccinia anodae. 6. Teliospore-wall thick, 2-3 m, much thicker above Puccinia exilis. 6. Teliospore-wall thin, 1-2 m, scarcely thicker above The above keys include three species not yet recorded from Brazil: Puccinia anodae, widespread in the Americas, Puccinia sidalceae from the western United States of America, and Puccinia platyspora from Argentina and Bolivia. PUCCINIA HIERACEI (Roehling) Martius, var. HIERACII Prodr. Fl. Mosq. Ed. 2, p. 227. 1817. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Puccinia flosculosorum var. hieracei Roehling, Deutsch Fl. Ed. 2. III 3: 131. 1813. TYPE on Hieracium sp. from Germany (Cummins, 1978). = Puccinia taraxici Plowright, Mon. Ured. 1889: 186. On Compositae: Cichorium endiva Linnaeus, So Paulo (IBI-18567). Taraxacum officinale Weber, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & CostaNeto, 1967: 64). Taraxacum sp., Brazil (Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 164. 1904). Puccinia hieracei is a species complex, probably with specialized populations on at least 20 genera of Compositae, mostly in the tribe Cichorieae. The complex is circumglobal in distribution, but occurs mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. Some populations have been described as separate species that has resulted in many synonyms (see Cummins, 1978). Heavy infections may cause leaf death and discoloration of almeiro, a plant that is used in salads and cooking in Brazil. Aeciospores and urediniospores are morphologically alike, sori on both sides of leaves, scattered; spores (21-)24-30(-35) x (17-)19-25(-29) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid with pores in face view, wall 1.5-2 m, thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate except below each pore, pores 2 (3), from supra equatorial to almost near the apex in flattened sides, with slight or no caps. Telia on both sides of leaves, exposed, blackishbrown, pulverulent, teliospores (26-)30-40(-45) x (17-)20-26(-29) m, ellipsoid or oblong ellipsoid, wall uniformly (1-)1.5-2(-3) m, chestnut brown, verrucose with verrucae spaced about 2-2.5 m, pore of upper

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cell apical or depressed, pore of lower cell usually depressed 1/2 or more, with slight or no caps, pedicel always broken near the hilum, colorless (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia holcina Erikson, see PUCCINIA HORDEI Otth.

PUCCINIA HORDEI Otth, Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Bern 1870: 114. 1871. (0/I IIpe/III). See Cummins (1971) for citations of 28 synonyms. = Puccinia brachypus Spegazzini var. loluphila Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 109. 1925. = Puccinia holcina Erikson, Ann. Sci. Nat. 8 ser. 9: 274. 1899. NEOTYPE on Holcus lanatus Linnaeus from " Kohlhausenbrueck p. Berolinum" (Sydow, Uredineen No. 1876), designated by Greene & Cummins, 1967). Anamorph Aecidium ornithogaleum Bubak on Allium sp., Ornithogalum sp., and Sedum sp. in the Mediterranean region. On Gramineae: Hordeum vulgare L., Paran (IBI-15467), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist, 1982: 243). Vulpia bromoides (Linnaeus) Dunal, Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17718). Puccinia hordei, a species complex more or less like Puccinia recondita, is circumglobal especially in littoral climates. At least 20 genera of grasses are hosts, but the only records for Brazil are listed above (Cummins, 1971). Greene and Cummins (1967) regarded Puccinia holcina as a separate species but Cummins (1971) included it as a synonym of Puccinia hordei. Spermogonia and aecia, Aecidium ornithogalum Bub., occur on Allium, Ornithogalum and Sedum in the Mediterranean region, cupulate, in groups; aeciospores (18-)20-26(-29) x (l5-)18-21(-22) m, wall 1.5(-2) m thick, colorless, finely verrucose. Uredinia mostly on adaxial side of leaves, yellow or brownish yellow; urediniospores (18-)21-30(-32) x (l5-)l8-25(-28) m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall (l-)1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, yellowish to very pale brownish, echinulate, pores 7-9,obscure, scattered. Telia on both sides of leaves or mostly abaxial, covered by the epidermis, blackish, loculate with abundant brown paraphyses; teliospores (36-)45-63(-74) x (15-)19-25(-32) m, mostly elongate obovoid or oblong-clavate, often angular, wall 1-1.5(-2) m thick in lower cell, side wall of upper cell (1-)1.5-2.5(-3.5) m thick, usually gradually thickened to (3-)4-7(-10) m thick at apex, deep golden brown or clear chestnut-brown, often paler basally, commonly with surface ridges, otherwise smooth, 1-celled spores common, 3-celled spores occasional; pedicels 20 m or less long, yellowish (Cummins, 1971).
PUCCINIA HORIANA P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 40: (25). 1901. TYPE on Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from Japan, Tokyo: Nishigahara, Kita-ku, 28 July 1895, S. Hori(-/-,-/III). On Compositae: Chrysanthemum sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-14586), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-17451), So Paulo (IBI12217). Puccinia horiana, known as the white rust of Chrysanthemum, recently introduced into Brazil probably from Argentina, is now widespread in Brazil. The rust is probably native of Japan, has become distributed circumblobally by international trade, and is an important disease of the cut flower industry. Infected plants cannot legally be sold in the international market. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia whitish, very compact, anastomose together with an irregular pulvinate apperance; teliospore walls thin, colorless; spores germinate without dormancy. There seems to be no yellow-orange carotinoid pigments in the protoplasm. Puccinia huallagensis P. Hennings see PUCCINIA CLAVIFORMIS Lagerheim. PUCCINIA HUBERI P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 39: (78). 1900. TYPE on Panicum trichoides Swartz (mistakenly reported first as Panicum ovalifolium) from Brazil, Par: Belm, botanical at garden, 1896, Huber-3. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Panicum trichoides Swartz, Amap (IBI-15560), Par (Hennings, 1900: 76;Cummins, 1942: 692). Puccinia huberi has been reported also from Venezuela, Costa Rica, Honduras, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Eboh (1978) reported Puccinia huberi from Nigeria on Panicum sp.

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Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, pale cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (20-)24-27 x (17-)20-24 m, mostly obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5 m thick, pale cinnamon-brown or golden, echinulate, germ pores 3 or 4, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, exposed, blackish brown, compact; teliospores (27-)31-39 x (17-)20-26 m, mostly ellipsoid or ellipsoid-clavate, wall 2 m thick at sides, 3-5 m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicels to 15 m long, golden, thin-walled but mostly not collapsing, frequently inserted somewhat laterally; 1-celled spores numerous (Ramachar and Cummins, 1965; Cummins, 1971). Cummins (1971) stated that the sori of Puccinia huberi are always located in brown necrotic spots. PUCCINIA HYDROCOTYLES Cooke [as "Puccinia hydrocotyles (Mont.) "], Grevillea 9: 14. 1880. TYPE on Hydrocotyle sp. from South Africa, Natal: Inanda, date not reported, J. M. Wood-450. Cook described telia for the first time so the name is ascribed to Cooke alone, not as a transfer of Uredo hydrocotyles Montagne. (?/?,IIpe/III) or (?0/?Icv,IIpe/III). Anamorph Caeoma hydrocotyles Link, in Willdenow, Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 6: 22. 1825. TYPE (information not available) = Uredo hydrocotyles Bertero ex Montagne, Anal. Sci. Nat. II, 3: 356. 1835. TYPE (information not available). = Uredo bonariensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 171. 1880. TYPE on Hydrocotyle bonariensis from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires, spring 1880, Spegazzini-s.n. On Umbelliferae: Hydrocotyle barbarosa Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 30; IAC-2846). Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lamarck, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 486; PUR-6897). Hydrocotyle leucocephala Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F6905), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96). Hydrocotyle quinqueloba Ruiz & Pavon, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F6909), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 30; IAC-2847). Hydrocotyle umbellata Linnaeus, Bahia (IBI-13696), Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 30; IAC4083), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 30; IAC-1587). Hydrocotyle sp., Mato Grosso (IBI-16774); Paran (IBI-12149), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 133, IBI-13983), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 250; Sydow, 1907: 354; Jackson, 1931: 486), Santa Catarina (IBI-13983); So Paulo (Saccardo & Berlese, 1885: 156; Hennings, 1902C: 106; Sydow, 1907: 354; Jackson, 1931: 486; IAC-2527; IBI-12095; Puttemans-264). Puccinia hydrocotyles occurs circumglobally mostly in warmer regions and has been reported on more than 20 species of Hydrocotyle. Spermogonia and aecia known with certainty only from New Zealand. Uredinia on both sides of leaves but mostly on the abaxial side, scattered, cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 24-32x19-28 m, globoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, echinulate, spines 2-6 m apart, the pores 2, equatorial, conspicuous; telia on both sides of leaves or only on the abaxial side, dark chestnut-brown, teliospores 30-42x19-26 m, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, slightly constricted at the septum, wall 2-2.5 m thick, a little thicker above, smooth, cinnamon-brown, smooth (with a few coarse warts in New Zealand collections), pore apical or slightly depressed in the upper cell, variable in lower cell, near septum to much depressed, each pore with a small colorless papilla, pedicel short, colorless, fragile (Arthur, 1934; Joerstad, 19xx). Most collections of Puccinia hydrocotyles contain only uredinia. The spermogonial and aecial stages have been reported only rarely, with certainty only from New Zealand, and reports of these stages in the Western Hemisphere require confirmation. Puccinia hymenochaetoides Schroeter, see PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins. ? Puccinia hyptidis (Curtis) Tracy & Earle, see PUCCINIA GIBERTII and also PUCCINIA NEOHYPTIDIS Laundon. PUCCINIA HYPTIDIS-MUTABILIS Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 496. 1913. TYPE on

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Hyptis mutabilis (Richards) Briq. from Colombia, Dept. Magdalena: El Banco, 27 July1910, Mayor121. (0/I,IIpe/Xps/III). ' Dicaeoma hyptidis-mutabilis (Mayor) Arthur, N. Am. Flora 7: 410. 1921. ' Eriosporangium hyptidis-mutabilis (Mayor) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 20: 121. 1922. = Puccinia amphiospora Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 67. 1940. [as (Jacks. et Holw.) comb. nov.]. TYPE on Hyptis spicata from Bolivia, Cochabamba, 25 Feb 1920, E. W. D. Holway and Mary M. Holway-324. Cummins found and described telia from the Holway type of Uredo amphiospora. Anamorph Uromyces dubiosus P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 91. 1895. TYPE on Hyptis sp., originally reported mistakenly as Lantana sp., from Brazil, Gois: Corumb, Aug 1892, Ule-1900. The stage described by Hennings is that of an anamorph. This name must be transferred to an anamorph genus. = Uredo amphiospora H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 72. 1932. TYPE on Hyptis spicata Poir. from Bolivia, Cochabamba, 25 Feb 1922, E.W.D. Holway and Mary M. Holway-324. On Labiatae: Hyptis dubia Pohl, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 70). Hyptis lutescens Pohl, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1959: 71). Hyptis mutabilis , So Paulo (IBI-14591). Hyptis pectinata Poiteau, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 70). Hyptis suaveolens (Linnaeus) Poiteau, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932). Hyptis umbrosa Selzmann, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 70). Hyptis sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895: 91), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 70), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 70); So Paulo (PUR-F19060). Puccinia hyptidis-mutabilis has been reported from Florida in the United States of America, Central America, South America, and Africa (Baxter, 1961). The species is characterized by its urediniospores that are oblate-spheroid or globoid, 23-26 m wide x 17-23 m high, with walls that are cinnamon-brown or yellowish, 1-2 m thick, echinulate, and with 2 equatorial pores. Its amphispores are broadly ellipsoid or globoid, 20-25 x 25-29 m, with walls that are chestnut- or cinnamon-brown, 2-3(-4) m thick, obscurely echinulate or frequently nearly smooth, with 2 equatorial pores. Teliospores are cylindrical, clavate or narrowly ellipsoid, 16-20 x 27-57 m with walls that are smooth, ca 1 m thick, yellowish, and with the pore of the upper cell apical and that of the lower cell at the septum, each capped with a colorless umbo 2-5 m thick. The pedicel is thin-walled, colorless, and up to 25 m long. The amphispores are similar to teliospores of Uromyces. PUCCINIA ICHNANTHI Mains, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 619. 1939. TYPE on Ichnanthus hirtus (Raddi) Chase [reported as Ichnanthus candicans (Nees) Doell] from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca, 28 April 1930, Chase-12143A. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae (Paniceae): Ichnanthus axillaris (Nees) Hitchcock & Chase, So Paulo (PUR-F19052). Ichnanthus hirtus (Raddi) Chase [reported as Ichnanthus candicans (Nees) Doell], Rio de Janeiro (Mains, 1939: 619). Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchcock & Chase, So Paulo (IBI-15569). Puccinia ichnanthi has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown, without paraphyses; urediniospores (29-)32-38(-42) x 23-27(-29) m, broadly obovoid or ellipsoid. wall 1.52 m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 2 or 3, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, yellowish, early exposed, teliospores 28-34 x 12-14 m, nearly ellipsoid, or fusoid, wall uniformly 0.5-1 m thick, colorless, smooth, pedicels to 30 m long, thin-walled, and collapsing but usually broken short, the spores germinating without dormancy and collapse (Cummins, 1971). Telial sori are colorless and difficult to find. Teliospores are very delicate, have colorless, thin walls, and germinate without dormancy, traits very unusual for Puccinia on Gramineae. Cummins (1971) reported that Puccinia panici-montani Fujikuro, which has been reported only in Asia from New Guinea to the Ryukyu Islands in Japan and is on Panicum and Setaria species, is very similar

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but differs by having urediniospores that are slightly wider (31-)34-37(-42) x (22-)26-29(-31) m and obovoid to obovoid-triangular. PUCCINIA ILLATABILIS Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 112-113. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia scorpioides (Lamarck) Persoon [ Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lamarck) H. Robinson] from Bolivia, Nor Yungas: Coroieo, 11 June 1920, Holway-729. Compositae Vernonia sp Sao Paulo (? 75-64). Puccinia illatabilis has been reported with certainty only from the type. The identification of the specimen cited here is preliminary. Spermogonia on discolored, slightly hypertrophied spots the adaxial side of leaves, few, in groups, periphyses few. Aecia on adaxial side of leaves, large, cylindrical to saccate; peridial cells in face view 36-54 x 20-28 m, wall closely minutely verrucose; aeciospores 24-48 x 20-23 m, irregulaerly ellipsoid to globoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, to 3-5 m thick at apex, pale golden brown, closely verrucose-tuberculate with large prominernt tubercles. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scaterred, 0.2--0.4 mm. diam. powdery, tardily naked, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis evident, without paraphyses; urediniospores 26-30 x 21-24 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, closely and minutely echinulate, dark cinnamon- to pale chestnutbrown, pores 3, about equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 0.2-0.3 mm. diam., soon naked, pulvinate, chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; teliospores 54-90 x 15-24 m, cylindrical to clavate, rounded to obtuse above, rounded to narrowded below, mostly constricted at the septum, wall irregularly 11.5 m thick at sides, 6-12 m thick at apex, smooth, cinnamon-to chestnut-brown, pedicel a little shorter than the spore, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Distinguished from other Vernonia rusts by the epiphyllous aecia, the long narrow teliospores strongly thickened albove and the entire absence of paraphyses. The teliospores are much like those of P. veniabilis. The pore of the upper cell is at one side of the thickened apex and that of the lower cell at the septun is not in line with the upper pore but in a plane at right angles so that the two pores are not in view at the same time (Jackson, 1932). PUCCINIA IMACULATA Juel, Bih. Skvenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 20. 1897. TYPE on Jobinia hernandifolia Fourier, Asclepiadaceae, from Rio Grande do Sul, place and date not published, S. Martins-s.n. (-/-,-/III). Puccinia imaculada has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telial infections locally systemic, telia cover the whole abaxial side of leaves without noticeable discoloration of the leaf, sori ca 0.33 mm in diameter, equally spaced, not confluent, punctiform, and blackish-brown; teliospores 22-29 x 14-19 m, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends , not or slightly constricted at the septum; wall not or only slightly thickened at the apex, smooth, pale brown; pedicel up to 50 m long, colorless but brownish at point of attachment, flexuous, often obliquely inserted, mesospores intermixed (Juel, 1897, Sydow, 1902). The type specimen of Puccinia imaculata (1897) needs to be studied to determine if it is a synonym of Puccinia roulineae (1896). PUCCINIA IMPETRABILIS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 113. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 1 Nov 1921, Holway-1265. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Vernonia sericea Richard [ Lepidaploa sericea (Richard) H. Robinson] , Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 113). Vernonia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 113), So Paulo (PUR-F18948). Puccinia impetrabilis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or more often abaxial; widely scattered; erumpent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter; round; becoming naked, pulverulent; cinnamon brown; urediniospores 28-32 m x 26-28 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid; wall 3-4 m thick; pale cinnamon or somewhat colorless; sparsely but strongly echinulate; pores obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves; widely scattered; few; small; round; 0.4-0.6 mm in diameter; pale chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis not visible, pulvinate, becoming ashy-gray in color by germination; teliospores: 65-95 x

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15-18 m, cylindrical; narrowing at apical end, truncate at base; scarcely constricted at septum; wall 1-1.5 m thick; not thickened at apex, cinnamon-brown; smooth; pedicel equal to spore or shorter, fragile; colorless (Jackson, 1932). Jackson reported that Puccinia impetrabilis is similar to P. erratica but may be distinguished from it and others by the narrow, 15-18 m wide teliospores, and the urediniospores with walls 3-4 m thick, sparsely and strongly echinulate, and the absence of paraphyses. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA IMPROCERA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 145. 1932. TYPE on Baccharis anomala DeCandolle from Brazil, So Paulo, Campos do Jordo, 20 April 1922, Holway1740. (0/Icr,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Baccharis anomala DeCandolle, Paran (Jackson, 1932: 145), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 64), So Paulo (IBI-17852; Jackson, 1932: 145). Puccinia improcera has been reported only from Brazil where it is relatively common on Baccharis anamola in the Mata Atlntica in So Paulo state where the host is a common roadside weed in moist areas. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, 95-110 m high, 90-100 m wide, few, on yellowish to discolored spots, globoid to ellipsoid, with a fasicle of periphyses 30-45 m long. Aecia (Caeoma sp.), on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-0.8mm across, single or in groups of 2-4 opposite the spermogonia, deeply immersed, tardily erumpent, pulverulent; whitish, aeciospores 22-30x18-24 m, ellipsoid, wall prominately but moderately rugose. Uredinia usually on the adaxial side of leaves, sometimes on stems, , 0.2-0.4mm across, rounded to elongate, pale cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis noticeable, urediniospores 21-26x18-20 m, ellipsoid, to obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, sparsely and finely echinulate, with smooth areas around the 2 equatorial pores. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.4mm across, scattered, dark cinnamon-brown to pale chestnut-brown, turning gray by germination, pulvinate, ruptured epidermis not visible; teliospores 30-46x15-20 m, ellipsoid, oblong to clavate, rounded to obtuse above, rounded to narrowed below, usually constricted at septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 3-4 thick above, smooth; pedicel about equal to or shorter than the spore (Jackson, 1932). Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. At least 53 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Lindquist, 1957). Thus, the New World genus Baccharis, which itself has about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA IMPROVISA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 114. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia subsquarrosa DeCandolle [ Lepidaploa subsquarosa (DeCandolle) H. Robinson], from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 23 August 1921, Holway-1064. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Vernonia eriolepis Gardner [ Lepidaploa eriolepis (Gardner) H. Robinson], Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 114). Vernonia subsquarrosa DeCandolle [ Lepidaploa subsquarosa (DeCandolle) H. Robinson], Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 114). Spermogonia on discolored spots on adaxial side of leaves; sori 2-5, closely grouped; deep-seated; 140-150 m wide; punctiform and subgloboid, periphyses short. Aecia few, on the abaxial side of leaves; opposite the spermogonia; 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter; cylindrical to saccate, white to yellowish , peridial cells 45-60 m long; 20-26 m wide, irregularly polygonal, inner facing wall closely and finely but prominently verrucose; white or pale yellow; aeciospores in tightly packed vertical rows, spores 30-36 m long; 22-26 m wide, broadly ellipsoid, obtuse to subacute above; wall 2-3 m thick, prominently yet finely verrucosetuberculate, colorless. Uredinia usually on abaxial side of leacves, few; widely scattered or densely grouped; epidermal rupture conspicuous; 0.5-1 mm in diameter; round; becoming naked, pulverulent; cinnamon brown; paraphyses not present; urediniospores 28-32 m long; 24-28 m wide, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid; wall 2-3 m thick; almost colorless or pale cinnamon, sparsely but strongly echinulate, pores obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves,numerous, widely scattered and in groups, 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter; chestnut-brown, turning gray with germination, epidermal rupture not visible. Teliospores 58-88 x 18-26 m, cylindrical,

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oblong, and ellipsoid; rounded or obtuse aabove; rounded at pedicel; slightly constricted at septum; wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick; smooth, cinnamon-brown; pedicel equal in length to spore or shorter, colorless (Jackson, 1931). Jackson reported that Puccinia improvisa is similar to P. impetrabilis but differs in the length and width and in shape of the teliospores. The apex is usually rounded in P. improvisa while in P. impetrabilis the upper cell usually tapers gradually to the apex. A comparison has been made with P. membranacea Dietel. Our species differs markedly in the size and character of the aecia. In P. membranacea the peridium is lacerate, not highly developed, and the wall markings are distinctly rugose. The collection on V. eriolepis is placed here provisionally. The aeciospores are somewhat more strongly marked and it may prove to be better assigned elsewhere. The teliospores are narrower and more like those of P. allaudabilis, but the urediniospores correspond better with this species (Jackson, 1931). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA INAEQUATA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 65: 309. 1918. TYPE on Vernonia patens Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth [ Vernonanthura patens (Kunth) H. Robinson] from Guatemala, Esquintla, 17 Feb 1916, Holway-502. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). ' Bullaria inaequata (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Arthur & Mains, N. Am Fl. 7: 498. 1922. On Compositae: Vernonia paludosa Gardner [ Vernonanthura paludosa (Gardner) H. Robinson], So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 115). Vernonia westiniana Lessing [ Vernonanthura westiniana (Lessing) H. Robinson], Paran (IBI1681), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 115). Vernonia sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 115; IBI-2366). Puccinia inaequata has been reported also from Ecuador and Central America. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves. Aecia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves around the spermogonia, cinnamon-brown, like the uredinia. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter, scattered, cinnamon-brown, powdery; urediniospores pedicelate, (21-)23-26(-28) x (17-)18-21(-23) m, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid; wall 1.5-2.5(-3) m thick, uniformly echinulate, cinnamon-brown, pores 2 or mostly 3, with slight caps, about equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, exposed, blackish brown, becoming powdery; teliospores (29-)33-38(-41) x (20-)22-25(-27) m, broadly ellipsoid to oblong ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick at sides, 4-5 m at apex as a low scarcely defined umbo, rugose or pseudo reticulate, tending to be bilaminate, chestnut-brown, pore of the upper cell apical, of lower cell in lower half; pedicel to 50 m long, but usually broken short, colorless (Cummins, 1978). Jackson reported that Puccinia inaequata is easily separated from all other species of Puccinia on Vernonia by the the small 30-38 x 22-26 m teliospores with walls slightly thickened at the apex and their distinct rugose sculpture. Urban reported that only the specimen PUR-7946 on Vernonia westiniana is Puccinia inaequata, the others differ in having finely punctate teliospore walls. Their identification needs clarification. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA INCLITA Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 115. 1919. TYPE on Ichnanthus pallens (Sw,) Munro ex Bentham from Puerto Rico, El Yunque, 12 April 1916, Whetzel & Olive-397. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Ichnanthus glaber (Raddi) Hitchcock, So Paulo (PUR-F4974). Ichnanthus hirtus (Raddi) Chase [reported as Ichnanthus candicans (Nees) Doell], Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F4973). Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Bentham [reported as Ichnanthus axillaris (Nees) Hitchcock & Chase], So Paulo (IBI-13002).

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Ichnanthus sp., Rio de Janeiro (IBI-1680). Puccinia inclita has been reported from Brazil, Ecuador, Central America, and the West Indies on Ichnanthus and Oplismenus species. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial leaf surface, yellowish, probably brightly so when fresh; urediniospores (25-)27-34(-40) x (20-)22-26(-28) m, ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, echinulate, germ pores 3, equatorial, obscure. Telia mostly on abaxial surface, blackish brown, exposed; teliospores 35-42(-50) x (23-)26-29 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall 2-3(-3.5) m thick at sides, 3-5(-6) m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 60 m long but usually broken short, brownish, thin-walled and collapsing,; 1-celled and incompletely septate spores are common in the type (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia incomposita H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA ITATIAYENSIS Lindquist. PUCCINIA INCONSPICUA Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 33. 1897. TYPE on undetermined Compositae genus (? Aspilia) from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, Feb (? or March) 1891, Ule-1694. (?/?,IIpe/III). Puccinia inconspicua has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. PUCCINIA INDAGATA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 146. 1932. TYPE on Baccharis sp. from Brazil, So Paulo, Alto da Serra, 5 Feb 1922, Holway-1537. [0/Ice,(IIce?),III]. On Compositae: Baccharis sp., Rio Grande do Sul (IBI 12946), Santa Catarina (IBI 12946), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 146; IBI 12100). The aecia have the morphology of the anamorph genus Caeoma. The sori are without a peridium, and deep seated in origin. The aeciospores are produced catenulately but do not remain in columns. Unlike many species of Caeoma, whose spores have verrucose walls, the aeciospore walls of this species are strongly echinulate. Uredinia have not been seen with certainty. If they occur in the life cycle they are alnost certan to resemble the aecia. Teliospores germinate in situ with little or no dormancy. Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. At least 53 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Lindquist, 1957). Thus, the New World genus Baccharis, which itself has about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA INFUSCANS Arthur & Holway in Arthur, Am. Jour. Bot. 5: 463. 1918. TYPE on Bothriochloa saccharoides (Schwartz) Rydberg (mistakenly reported originally as Imperata brasiliensis) from Guatemala: Guatemala City, 3 Jan 1915, Holway-15. (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia meridensis Kern Mycologia 30:547. 1938. TYPE on Bothriochloa alta (Hitchcock) Henrard (reported as Andropogon altus Hitchcock) from Venezuela, Mrida: Bailadores, 8 May 1934, Kern & Toro-1798. On Gramineae: Bothriochloa exaristata (Nash) Henrard (reported as Bothriochloa hassleri Hackel), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 57). Puccinia infuscans has been reported also from Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela on species of Bothriochloa. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaf, cinnamon-brown or paler, urediniospores 25-29(-32) x (19-)21-24(-26) m, mostly globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3(-3.5) m, thick, golden-, or cinnamon-brown finely and closely verrucose, germ pores 3-5, equatorial or sometimes with 1or 2 extra-equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaf, exposed, pulvinate, chocolate-brown; teliospores (26-)30-40(-46) x (l6-)18-21(-23) m, mostly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2(-3) m thick at sides, (3-)5-7(-9) m apically golden or clear chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 60 m long, thin-walled and collapsing, colorless or yellowish; 1-celled teliospores relatively common (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia infuscans has larger urediniospores and more variable and paler teliospores than Puccinia ellisiana, but otherwise is similar. Puccinia ellisiana occurs from the southern United States of America northward to Canada east of the Contenintal Divide on species of Andropogon. Puccinia infuscans, whose

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teliospores are usually not more than 20 m wide, and Puccinia ellisiana are in Cummins' grass rust morphological group VII whose traits are: sori without paraphyses, and urediniospore walls verrucose with equatorial germ pores (Cummins, 1953). PUCCINIA INRECTA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 361. 1931. TYPE reported to be on Banisteria campestris Juss. but the host may be Peixotoa sp. from Brazil, So Paulo, Jardin da Aclimao, 15 Apr 1922, Holway-1734. (?/?,II/III). On Malpighiaceae: Banisteria campestris Jussieu (identification needs to be confirmed), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 361). Peixotoa sp., Goas (IBI-16680), Mato Grosso (IBI-16700), Minas Gerais (IBI-14882), So Paulo (IBI-14086-104, 81-50). Puccinia inrecta has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter, cinnamon-brown, early naked, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, urediniospores 20-24 x 28-34 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown, sparsely, prominently, and rather sharpely echinulate, pores 4, commonly scattered or at times equatorial. Telia like the uredinia but more commonly on the adaxial side of the leaves, blackish brown, teliospores 3238 x 25-29 m, somewhat irregularly ellipsoid, slightly constricted at the septum, wall 2.5-3 m thick, slightly thickened to 4.5 m over the pores, chestnut-brown, evenly and closely rugose-reticulate, the depressions often arranged in longitudinal rows, pedicel usually attached on one side of lower cell or near the septum, colorless, apex swelling considerably in water, usually deciduous below the swelling (Jackson, H. S. 1931). See under Puccinia banisteriae for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae. PUCCINIA INSITITIA Arthur, Mycologia 7: 248. 1915. TYPE on Hyptis lantanaefolia Poiteau from Brazil, Amazonas: Manaos, 1901, Ule-7. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Dicaeoma insititia (Arthur) Arthur, N. Am. Flora 7: 409. 1921. On Labiatae: Hyptis lantanaefolia Poiteau, Amazonas (Arthur, 1915: 248). Puccinia insititia has been reported also from the West Indies. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospores with walls cinnamon-brown or yellowish, finely verrucose-echinulate, germ pores 3, equatorial. Teliospores 16-24 x 48-55 m, narrowly ellipsoid to clavate, walls about 1 m thick laterally, 2-3 m at the apex, cinnamon-brown, yellowish, or occasionally colorless, the pore of the upper cell apical, pore of the lower cell at the septum (Baxter, 1961).

PUCCINIA INSUETA Winter, Hedwigia 26: 27. 1887. TYPE on Stigmaphyllon sp., Malpighiaceae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, April (? or June) 1885, Ule-66. (0/Ipe?,IIpe/III). )Diorchidium insuetum Magnus, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 9: 192. 1891. = Puccinia circinata Arthur, Amer. J. Bot. 6: 471. 1918. [as (Schwein.) comb. nov., but Arthur reported that he described telia from the Kellerman-5457 specimen, not from Schweinitz herbarium]. TYPE on Stigmaphyllon sp. from Guatemala, Dept. Zacapa, Gualan, 28 Dec 1905, Kellerman-5457. Anamorph Uredo circinata Schweinitz in Berkeley & Curtis, Jour. Acad. Philadelphia 2: 282. 1835. TYPE on Stigmaphyllon sp., Malpighiaceae, from Surinam, originally reported as on some unknown plant, Weigelt s.n. = Uredo insueta Pennington, Annal. Soc. Cient. Argent. 53: 268. 1902. TYPE the same specimen as that cited above for Puccinia insueta Winter. On Malpighiaceae: Stigmaphyllon acuminatum Jussieu, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 362). Stigmaphyllon affine Jussieu, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 362).

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Stigmaphyllon ?affine Jussieu, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F19121), Santa Catarina (PUR-F19122). Stigmaphyllon jatrophifolium Jussieu, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 230). Stigmaphyllon lalandianum Jussieu var. grisebachianum Netz, So Paulo (Joerstad, 1959: 77). Stigmaphyllon littorale Jussieu, Rio de Janeiro (Puttemans-1664). Stigmaphyllon tomentosum Jussieu, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 362). Stigmaphyllon vitifolium Saint-Hilaire, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 362; IBI-1682; IAC-4416). Stigmaphyllon sp., Amap (87-98) Brazil (Winter, 1887: 27), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 299), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 29; Jackson, 1931: 362; IBI-1683), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-642), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96; Hennings, 1896: 230), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 31; IAC-4053). Puccinia insueta has been reported also from Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia (Jackson, 1931), Surinam, and from Central America and the West Indies (Joerstad, 1959). Spermogonia and aecia rarely collected. Uredinia scattered or in groups on both sides of leaves on irregular or indefinite yellowish or pale brownish, often confluent spots, occasionally involving the whole leaf; sori up to 0.75 mm diam., erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, powdery, brownish; urediniospores (26-)28-38(-44) x (22-)26-31(-36) m, globoid, subgloboid, or broadly ellipsoid; wall 2layered, swelling in liquid, 3-6.5 m thick around sides, 4-9 m apically, outer layer pale, strongly and sparsely echinulate, inner wall pale brownish, smooth, pores obscure, 2(-3), more or less equatorial. Telia similar to the uredinia but blackish, teliospores 35-45(-47) x (24-)26-33(-34) m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, slightly constricted at septum, wall 2-6.5 m thick, slightly thickened over pores, densely reticulate, dark chestnut-brown to blackish; pedicel usually attached laterally, about equal to the spore in length, inflated 17-24 m just below spore, hyaline (Soto et al., 2001). Traits that help to identify Puccinia insueta include teliospores reticulate, teliospore wall usually dark chestnut-brown, not smokey black as in Puccinia picturata, pedicel swollen greatly just below the spore, urediniospore outer wall swelling greatly, echinulations large and widely spaced. See under Puccinia banisteriae for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae. PUCCINIA INVAGINATA Arthur & J.R. Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 146. 1918. TYPE on Gouania lupuloides (Linnaeus) Urban, Rhamnaceae, from Cuba, Isle of Pines, Caleta Cocodrilos, 8 March 1916, Wilson & Leon-15275. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo gouaniae Ellis & Kelsey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 209. 1897. TYPE on Gouania lupuloides (Linnaeus) Urban, from Saint Croix Island, 1896, Ricksecker s.n. On Rhamnaceae: Gouania sp, Goas (IBI-13351), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14398), Minas Gerais (IBI-15340), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931; 474; IBI-14714). Puccinia invaginata has been reported also from The West Indies, Guatemala, Mexico, and The United States of America (Florida). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered on the abaxial side of the leaves, early naked, cinnamon-brown, powdery, paraphyses peripheral, 29-45 x 9-16 m, cylindric or clavate, often branched at the base, some slightly incurved, wall thin, colorless, smooth; urediniospores with pore in optical section 2631 x 16-19, reniformto obovoid reniform, woth pore in face or surface fiew 26-31 x 19-23 m, obovoid, wall more or less evenly 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, moderately echinulate, pore one, equatorial in the concave or flattened side. Telia on both sides of leaves, scattered, early naked, powdery, dark choclate- to blackish-brown, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, teliospores, 29-37 x 26-29 m, broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, rounded at both ends, slightly or not constricted at the septum, wall uniformly 3-4 m thick, dark chestnut-brown, moderately verrucose, pedicel 19-50 m long, colorless, fragile. This is one of the few species of Puccinia in which the urediniospores are reported to have only one germ pore. It is located equatorially on the slightly concave or flattened side of the spore. PUCCINIA INVESTITA Schweinitz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Ser. 2, 4:309. 1832. NEOTYPE on Gnaphalium obtusifolium Linnaeus from The United States of America, New York: Shelter Island. 20 Oct 1905, Farlow s.n. Cummins (1978) designated a neotype because the original specimen was lost. (0/Icv,?IIcv/III).

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Puccinia investita has been reported on Gnaphalium and ?Achyrocline. Includes Caeoma (Aecidium) gnaphaliatum Schweinitz, and Puccinia gnaphaliata (Schweinitz) Arthur & Bisby. Puccinia investita has not yet been reported from Brazil but is to be expected. Reported from Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru on Achyrocline and from North America on Gnaphalium. See Puccinia achyroclines and P. gnaphaliicola for comparison. Urediniospores if produced Aecidium-like (sori cupulate, peridiate, spores catenulate, verrucose), spores (19-)20-26(-29) x (16-)18-22(-24) m, wall 1-1.5 m thick, finely verrucose Teliospores (36-)40-53(58) x 14-)18-23(-25) m, lateral walls (1-)1.5)(-2) m, apical walls (5-)8-10(-13) m. Puccinia ipomoeae Cooke, see PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia ipomoeae-panduratae (Schweinitz) P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 323. 1902. The basionym, Aecidium ipomoeae-panduranae Schweinitz, is based on Albugo sp, not a rust. See PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA IRREGULARIS Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 33. 1897 (Feb). TYPE on Verbesina subcordata DeCandolle from Brazil, Santa Cartarina: Serra Geral, March 1891, Ule-1691. Not Puccinia irregularis Ellis & Tracy, 1897 (June), on Solidago sp. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo affinis Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10(l): 10. 1880. TYPE on Verbesina auriculata DeCandolle from Argentina, near Chacarita, May 1880, ? Spegazzini s.n. On Compositae: Verbesina subcordata DeCandolle, Santa Catarina, Serra Geral (Dietel, 1897: 33). Verbesina deslandesii Toledo, Alagoas(Vigas, 1945: 51; Lindquist, 1982: 450). Puccinia irregularis Dietel has been reported also from Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uraguay, Colombia, and Central America. The specimens reported by Vigas (1945: 51) on Verbesina deslandesii Toledo, Compositae, IAC 3616, -3649, from Alagoas as Puccinia verbesinae Schweinitz (Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 73. 1822) were identified later by Lindquist (1982) as Puccinia irregularis Dietel. Puccinia irregularis Ellis & Tracy (1897, June), was given a new name, P. tracyi Saccardo & Sydow, and was placed as a synonym of Puccinia grindeliae Peck, which is a common microcyclic species in North America, but does not occur in Brazil. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, pale cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (21-)24-29(-32) x (17-)2024(-27) m, mostly obovoid or ellipsoid; wall (1-)1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, about cinnamon-brown, echinulate except a small area around pores, pores 2 equatorial in scarcely or not flattened sides; telia on abaxial side of leaves, covered by the epidermis, tardily exposed, blackish brown; teliospores (35-)40-53(-57) x (18-)22-29(32) m, irregular but mostly ellipsoid or elongately obovoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, (3-)4-7(-8) m at apex, clear chestnut-brown or slightly paler apically, smooth or minutely punctate, pore apical in each cell; pedicel to 70 m long but usually less than 35 m, golden. Teliospore walls are reported to be minutely roughened but this trait can be seen only with difficulty under an oil immersion lens (Cummins, 1978). Puccinia verbesinae Spermogonia on adaxial leaf surface. Aecia an abaxial surface in groups cylindrical, erose; spores (17-)20-25(-27) x (15-)17-20(-21) m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5 m thick, colorless, finely and closely verrucose. Uredinia mostly on abaxial surface, cinnamon brown; spores (18-)20-24(-27) x (18-)19-23(-25) m, mostly slightly higher than wide, mostly obovoid with pores face view, obovoid or triangularly obovoid with pores lateral, wall 1-1.5 m thick, cinnamon brown, echinulate except around pores, pores 2, subequatorial. Telia mostly on abaxial surface, exposed, more or less pulverulent, blackish brown; spores (33-)36-42(-45) x (22-)24-28(-30) m broadly ellipsoid, wall (1.5-)2-3(-3.5) m thick at sides, (5-)6-8(-10) m at pores, chestnut brown except a pale umbo over each pore, smooth, pore apical in each cell; pedicel to 65 m long but usually broken shorter. (Cummins, 1978) Puccinia ischaemi Dietel, see PUCCINIA ZOYSIAE Dietel. PUCCINIA ITATIAYENSIS Lindquist, Revista Faculd. Agron. (LaPlata) 36: 74. 1960. Nom. nov. .

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(-/-,-/III). ' Puccinia incomposita H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 146.1932, not that of Bartholomew, 1928. TYPE on Baccharis sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Reserva Florestal, 7 May 1922, Holway-1814. (-/-,-/III). On Compositae: Baccharis sp., Rio de Janiero (Jackson, 1932; 146; Lindquist, 1960: 74; PUR-F8195). Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. At least 53 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Lindquist, 1957). Thus, the New World genus Baccharis, which itself has about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. Puccinia jambolana Rangel, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Puccinia jambosae P.Hennings, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. PUCCINIA JOANNESIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 229. 1896. TYPE on ? Joannesia brasiliensis (Joannesia princeps Velloso), Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Oct 1888, Ule-481b. (?/?,IIpe/III). Puccinia joanesiae has been reported only from the type. Traits that help to identify it include: urediniospores 12-22 m in diameter, globose or subglobose, wall echinulate, brown; teliospores 19-27 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, or slightly flatrtened at the apex, slightly constricted at the septum, wall unifrorm in thickness, chestnut-brown, densely verrucose, pedicel up to 32 m long, persistent, colorless, with a few short basal appendages. The Sydow's (1903) description of the morphology of the teliospores suggests that this rust perhaps is a Prospodium sp., not a Puccinia. If true, then the host is either a member of the Bignoniaceae or Verbenaceae. PUCCINIA JOERSTADIANA Lindqist, Revista Fac. Agron. (La Plata) 36: 138. 1960. TYPE on Carex phalaroides Kuekenthal, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, 18 Sept 1892, C. A. M. Lindman. (?/?. IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae Carex phalaroides Kuekenthal, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist, 1960: 138). Puccinia joerstadiana has been reported also from one collection from Argentina but nowhere else. Lindquist (1960) reported traits that helped to identify Puccinia joerstadiana included mainly that the urediniospores have cell walls that are colorless, without visible germ pores, and swell in the mounting medium to 2.5-3 m. Otherwise the species is very similar to Puccinia caricina DeCandolle, a widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere and reported from Argentina and Chile in South America. Lindquist (1960) reported traits of Puccinia caricina as: urediniospores 27-38 x 19-23 m, globoid, ellipsoid or irregular and variable in shape and size, walls 2.5-3 m thick, golden-yellow, with variable number of equatoral pores, 3-4(-05); teliospores 36-50 x 12-20 m, oblong-clavate, obtuse or rounded above, narrowed below, not or only slightly constricted at septum, wall 2-2.5 m thick at sides, 4-12 m above, clear chestnutbrown but lighter in the lower cell, pedicel short and fragile. PUCCINIA JUNGIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 36: 214. 1897. TYPE on Jungia floribunda Lessing from Brazil, date not recorded, Sellow s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Jungia floribunda Lessing, Brazil (Hennings, 1897: 214), Paran (IBI-12894), So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1919: 82). Puccinia jungiae has been reported also from Ecuador. The Sydows (1904) and Sydow (1939) reported traits that may help to identify Puccinia jungiae as: uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, >3-1 mm across, golden, to dark brown, urediniospores 29-38 x 27-29 m, broadly ellipsoid, wall evenly 1.5 m thick, finely echinulate, dark brown, germ pores 4, equatorial, obvious, with noticeable caps; telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 0.3-0.6 mm across, punctiform, blackish; teliospores (35-)38-50(-56) x (20-)25-30 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, rounded above and below, not or slightly

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constricted at the septum, wall thickened above 5-8 m, thinner along sides, verrucose (?smooth), brownish; pedicel up to 70 m long, persistent, thick, colorless. PUCCINIA JUSSIAEAE Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 68. 1881. TYPE on Ludwigia longifolia (DeCandolle) H. Hara (reported originally as Jussiaea longifoliae DeCandolle) from Argentina, Ensenada, Feb 1881, Spegazzini s.n. (0/Icv,IIcv/III). Anamorph Aecidium jussiaeae Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 174. 1880. TYPE on Ludwigia longifolia (DeCandolle) H. Hara (reported originally as Jussiaea longifoliae DeCandolle) from Argentina, Buenos Aires: dried areas around Rio de la Plata, common in "Aest., 1880". Spegazzini sn. This anamorph name is for both aecia and uredinia. On Onagraceae: Jussiaea sp. (perhaps host is Ludwigia sp.), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904), Brazil (Joerstad, 1959: 81). Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nuttall) H. Hara (reported originally as Jussiaea leptocarpa Nuttall), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300). Ludwigia sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F19209), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto. 1963: 133). Puccinia jussiaeae has been reported from Argentina to the the United States of America. Probably all of the species of Jussiaea reported to be hosts of Puccinia jussiaeae have been transferred to Ludwigia. Lindquist (1982) reported traits that help to identify Puccinia jussiaeae as : life cycle in which both aecia and uredinia have the morphology of Aecidium jussiaeae. PUCCINIA JUSTICIAE Puttemans, Ligeira Contribuico a Phytopatologia Brasileira, p. 15. 1934, e O Campo, p. 24. 1934. TYPE on Justicia pectoralis Jacquin from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Horto Nacional, 27 July 1910, Puttemans-1680. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Puccinia diantherae H. Sydow, Ann. mycol. 37: 299. 1939. TYPE on Justicia pectoralis from Ecuador, Pinchicha: Mindao, 10 Nov 1937, H. Sydow. Only uredinia were described. The name needs to be transferred to an appropriate anamorph genus. On Acanthaceae: Justicia pectoralis Jacquin, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-623), Rio de Janeiro (Puttemans, 1934: 15; Puttemans-1680 type, 2811). Justicia sp., So Paulo (IBI-15500). Puccinia justiciae has been reported from Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, The West Indes, and Texas in The United States of America. Hernndez and Hennen (2002) reported uredinia of Puccinia justiciae from Tucumn, Argentina on Chaetothylax umbrosus, a previously unreported host genus. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of the leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm diam, irregularly scatterd or often in concentric groups ca 3 mm in diameter, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 25-30 x 20-26 m spheroid, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate, golden-yellow to pale cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial and opposite. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, a few on adaxial side, 0.2-0.5 mm diam, mostly concentrically arranged in groups to 5 mm diam, dark brown to almost black; teliospores 31-44 x 28-33 m, broadly ellipsoid to short cylindrical, rounded obtuse at both ends, slightly bullate over the pores, not or only slightly constricted at septum, wall 3-5 m thick at sides, 6-8 m at the pores, caps 2-4 m thick, two layered, both layers chestnut-brown, sparsely verrucose or echinulate especially above, pedicel to 40 m long, persistent, colorless, roughend below (Laundon, 1963). An important trait for identification is the verrucose to echinulate teliospores. Teliospores of other species of Puccinia on Acanthaceae are not echinulate. Puccinia kaernbachii Arthur, see PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter. Puccinia kunzeana P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia kimurai N. Hiratsuka f. & Yoshinaga, see PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo &Bizzozero) Magnus

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var. PANICI-SANGUINALIS (Rangel) Ramachar, & Cummins. Puccinia kyllingiae-brevifoliae Miura, see UREDO KYLLINGIAE P.Hennings. Puccinia lagoensis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveill. PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farlow, Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 83. 1883. TYPE on Lantana odorata from Bermuda. (-/-,-/III). = Uromyces lantanae Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 93. 1884. TYPE on Lantana sp., Verbenaceae, from Paraguay, Paraguari, Dec. 1881, Balansa s.n. = Puccinia elytrariae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 320. 1895. TYPE on Elytraria crenata Vahl, Acanthaceae, from Brazil, place and date not reported, Glaziou-14167. = Puccinia accedens P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 309. 1902. TYPE on Lippia aristata Schauer, Verbenaceae, from Brazil, Mato Grosso, date and collector not reported. = Uromyces privae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 5: 338. 1907. TYPE on Priva lapulacea, Verbenaceae, from Cuba, Baracoa: El Yunque, 10 March 1903, E.W.D. Holway-s.n. = Uromyces lippiae Spegazzini , Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 313. 1909. TYPE on Lippia canescens Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Verbenaceae, from Argentina, Salta: Rio Sora, April 1905, Spegazzini s. n. On Acanthaceae: Elytraria crenata Vahl, Gois (Hennings, 1895: 320). On Verbenaceae: Lantana brasiliensis Link, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 63). Lantana camara Linnaeus, Maranho (15605), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC-3807), Pernambuco (Vigas 1945: 32; IAC-3671), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17730), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC-1554). Lantana monteseensis (Sprengel) Briquet, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 134). Lantana nivea Ventenat, So Paulo (IBI-12836). Lantana robusta Schauer, Santa Catarina (PUR-F7177). Lantana trifolia Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 63). Lantana selloiana Link & Otto, Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-12190). Lantana sp., Bahia (IBI-15289), Minas Gerais (IBI-12782) Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC36619), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 30; Dietel, 1899: 250; IBI-12836), ), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC-1906, IBI-12221). Lippia aristata Schauer, Mato Grosso (Sydow, 1904: 309). Lippia rhodocnemis Martens & Schauer, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 63). Lippia sp., So Paulo (IAC-4398).
Puccinia lantanae is widespread in warm regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia 0.1-0.5 mm in diameter, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, erumpent, ruptured epidermis not evident, usually arranged in large dense or occasionally loose irregular to circular groups to nearly 8 mm across, chestnut to almost black, occasionally a few on the adaxial side of leaves, or on stems in elongated groups several cm long, not stromatic; teliospores very irregular, nearly all one-celled, 17-42 x 11-27 m, spherical, ellipsoid, obovoid, cylindrical, clavate, somewhat angular, obtuse above, slightly constricted when septate, obtuse or sometimes narrowed below; wall 1-5 m thick at sides, 2-8 m above, cinnamon- or chestnut-brown, smooth or ocassionally finely reticulate; pedicel 10-100 m long, basal or sometimes lateral, persistent, colorless or colored slightly paler than the spores (Laundon, 1963). Puccinia lantanae is unusual because it parasitizes genera in two host families, the Acanthaceae and the Verbenaceae. Laundon (1963) recorded nine genera of Acanthaceae as hosts worldwide and listed fifteen synonyms. We have included only those synonyms whose types are from the Americas. In the Verbenaceae only species in the genera Lantana, Lippia, and Priva have been reported as hosts.
Puccinia lantanae has been considered experimentally as a biological controle agent for Lantana camara, reported as one of the World's worst weeds (Barreto et al., 1995).

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See also Puccinia arechavaletae on genera of Sapindaceae and P. heterospora on genera of Malvaceae which are very similar microcyclic species that also do not produce spermogonia and have very irregular teliospores that are nearly all one-celled. PUCCINIA LATERITIA Berkeley & Curtis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia II,2: 281. 1853. TYPE on probably Spermacoce laevis Lamarck [ Borreria laevis (Lamarck) Grisebeck; reported originally as Spermacoce sp.] from Surinam, place, date, colector not reported. (-/-,-/III). = Puccinia spermacoces Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 3: 53. 1874. = Puccinia houstoniae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Hedwigia Beiblatt 40:(126). 1901. On Rubiaceae: Borreria sp., Bahia (IBI-2133), Par (Dietel, 1909: 264). Diodia prostrata Swartz, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300). Diodia radula Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 99; Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC1559). Diodia rigida Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 22), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 99; Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC-4070). Diodia teres Walter, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC-1436). Diodia sp., Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC-3833), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 29), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 32; IAC-2596). Hemidiodia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 29). Spermacoce latifolia Aublet [ Borreria latifolia (Aublet) Schumann], Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300). Spermacoce ocymoides Burm. f. [ Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DeCandolle], Par (PURF9518). Spermococe verticillata Linnaeus [ Borreria verticillata (Linnaeus) Meyer], Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-498). Spermacoce sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 79). Rubiaceae, gen. undetermined, Bahia (IBI-12747), So Paulo (IBI-12253). Puccinia lateritia is widespread from Argentina to the Southern United States of America. Arthur (1922) reported it on ten genera of Rubiaceae in North America Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia 0.1-0.4 mm across, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, erumpent, ruptured epidermis not noticeable, round, compact, sometimes pulvinate, cinnamon- or chestnut-brown, becoming grayish in germinating sori, solitary or more commonly in groups 0.2-10 mm across, often circinnating; teliospores 26-40 x 16-23 m, broadly ellipsoid, oblong or obovoid, rounded above and below or occasionally somewhat narrowed below, not constricted at septum; wall 2.5-4 m thick at sides, slightly thickened above 4-7 m, golden or chestnut-brown; pedicel once to twice the lengtrh of the spore, colorless or slightly tinted, usually persistent (Arthur, 1922). Arthur (1934) reported that Puccinia lateritia is correlated with Uromyces spermococes, a long cycle species on Diodia spp., Spermococe, and Houstonia (Rubiaceae), widespread in the Southeastern United States of America. Also, there exists an unknown, corresponding long cycle form of Puccinia. Puccinia lateritia also has been reported questionably from Africa. Puccinia bakoyana Patouillard & Hariot (Journ. de Bot. 1900, p. 237) from Africa was reported as a synonym of Puccinia lateritia by Yen (1976) but Eboh (1977) Trans. British Mycol. Soc. 69: 136-137) reported evidence that Puccinia bakoyana was a different species with uredinia that had the morphology of Aecidium with the anamorph name Aecidium mitrocarpi Sydow. PUCCINIA LEONOTIDICOLA P. Hennings in H. Baum, Bot. Ergebrisse der Kunene-Sambesi Exped., 2: 157. 1903. TYPE on Leonotis nepetifolia from Angola, River Longa, 18 April 1800, Baum-826. (?0/?I,IIpe/III). = Puccinia dominicana Gonzales-Fragoso & Cifferri, Bol. R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat.26: 248. 1926. TYPE on Leonotis sp. from The Dominican Republic. Original not available. ' Dicaeoma leonotidis Arthur as (P. Hennings) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 407. 1921. TYPE same as for Puccinia leonotidicola P. Hennings. Arthur described telia from the type of Puccinia leonotidicola P. Hennings from Africa. Synanamorphs

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Aecidium leonotidis P. Hennings in Engler, Die Pflanzenwelt Ostafrikas, Teil C(3): 52. 1895. TYPE on Leonotis velutina from Tanzania, Kilimandjaro, Marangu, 10 June 1894, Volkens-2336a. Uredo leonotidis P. Hennings in Engler, Die Pflanzenwelt Ostafrikas, Teil C(3):52. 1895. TYPE on Leonotis velutina from Tanzania, Kilimandjaro, Marangu, 10 June 1894,Volkens-2336. = Uredo cancerina P. Hennings, Hedwigia 38: 330. 1895. TYPE on Leonotis sp. from Ethiopia, Erythrea: Mai-Metammet, 27 March 1894, Schweinfurth s.n. = Uredo leonoticola P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (69). 1899. TYPE on Leonotis sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, June 1884, Ule-57. ' Puccinia leonotidis (P. Hennings) Arthur, Mycologia 7: 245. 1915. Telia not described. On Labiatae: Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Brown , Minas Gerais (Thurston,1940: 300; Vigas, 1945: 33; IAC4058), Pernambuco (Batista & Bezerra, 1960: 30), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 80; Jackson, 1932: 66; IAC-4667), Rio Grande do Sul (Vigas, 1945: 33; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 62; IAC-2669), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1899: (69), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 66; Vigas, 1945: 33; IAC-224, IBI-13786). Puccinia leonotidicola has been reported from the warmer regions of the New World from Paraguay to Mexico where the weedy host occurs, and also from Africa, and India. Spermogonia and aecia questionable. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-1(-2) mm across, at first covered by the epdermis, erumpent, ruptured epidermis evident, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 24-30 x 22-28 m, globoid to oblate spheroid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, a little thicker above, finely and closely echinulate, cinnamon-brown, pores 3-4(-5), basal around the hilum (Arthur, 1921; Viegas, 1945). Telia on both sides of leaves, about 0.5 mm in diameter, rather pulverulent, brown; teliospores 25-32 x 18-23 m, rounded at both ends, slightly or not constricted at the septum, wall yellowish -brown, smooth, apex thickened up to 5 m with a papilla; pedicel as long as spore, colorless (Arthur, 1921). Telia have been reported for Puccinia leonotidicola only from the type specimen from Africa. Aecia have been reported only from the type of Aecidium leonotidis. All records from the New World are based on uredinia. The arrangement of the pores around the hilum at the proximal end of the urediniospores is unusual. Puccinia leonotidis (P. Hennings) Arthur, see PUCCINIA LEONOTIDICOLA P. Hennings. PUCCINIA LEPTOCHLOAE Arthur & Fromme, Torreya 15: 263. 1915. TYPE on Gramineae, from Mexico, Sonora: Guaymas, 1887, E. Palmer-694. (0/Icv IIep/III). Anamorph Aecidium talini Spegazzini Revista Argentina Hist. Nat. 1(6): 399-400.1891. TYPE on Talinum patens (Jacq.) Willdenow (Portulaccaceae) from Paraguay, Posta-cu, Feb 1884, Balansa4314. On Phytolaccaceae: 0,I Phytolacca thyrsiflora Fenzl ex J. A. Schmidt, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist, 1960: 107-108; Lindquist & Costa Neto 1963: 122). Puccinia leptochloae has been reported from Argentina northward to the southern United States of America. Spermogonia in groups in the center of small leaf spots on the adaxial side of leaves. Aecia in groups or concentric circles on reddish-yellow to yellow-brown spots 0.5-2 cm across on the abaxial side of leaves; short cylindric; peridial cells 18-24 x 14-16 m, firmly united, rhomboid, overlapping, outer facing wall 5-7 m thick, striate, inner facing wall 3 m thick, verrucose; aeciospores (15-)17-21(24) x 14-16(-18) m, globoid, subgloboid to broadly ovoid, wall 1 m thick, finely verrucose, nearly colorless. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 19-26 x (16-)18-24 m, globoid to obovoid; wall 1.52.5 m, verrucose, pores 4-6 scattered. Telia mostly on abaxial side, blackish, early exposed, pulvinate; teliospores 25-34 x 17-24 m, broadly ellipsoid; wall 2.5-4 m thick at sides, 4-7 m apically, dark chestnut, smooth; pedicel up to 95 m long, thick-walled, usually not collapsing, golden; 1-celled teliospores sometimes are common (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923; Hennen &Cummins, 1956, Lindquist, 1982). Only spermogonia and aecia have been reported from Brazil but uredinia and telia are expected to be found. Leptochloa mucronata (Michaux) Kunth (reported as Leptochloa filiformis (Lamarck) Beauvois) is the only host reported for uredinia and telia. Hennen &Cummins (1956) and Joerstad (1959) reported the

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morphological similarity between Puccinia leptochloae and Puccinia opuntiae Arthur & Holway from Bolivia and Peru, the latter with uredinia and telia on Bouteloua sp. and spermogonia and aecia on Opuntia sp., Cactaceae. Puccinia leptoderma Dietel, see PUCCINIA PIPTOCARPHAE P. Hennings. PUCCINIA LEUCADIS P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Mon. Ured. 1: 281. 1904. On Labiatae: Leucas martinicensis R. Brown, Rio de Janeiro, (IAC-4662). PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 9: 190. 1891. (?/? IIpe/III). See also the varieties listed below. ' Diorchidium leve Saccardo & Bizzozero, Michelia 2: 648. 1882. TYPE on Hackelochloa granularis (reported originally as Manisuris granularis Linneus) from Brazil (location in Brazil not reported, probably Amazonia, Serra do Mel, Rio Branco, Aug 1909, Ule-3335), specimen collected from Herbario Horti Patavini by Bezzozero. See below under the varieties for additional synonyms. On Gramineae (We could not place the following records in a variety of PUCCINIA LEVIS that were proposed by Ramachar & Cummins, 1965): Panicum rugulosum Trinius sensu lato Doell, includes reports of Panicum millegrana Poiret, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300), So Paulo(IBI-1688); and Panicum sellowii Nees, Minas Geais (Thurston, 1940: 300). Panicum sp., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 249), Santa Catarina (Dietel,1899: 249). Paspalum pilosum Lamarck, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300), So Paulo (IBI-1689, -1691). Paspalum plicatulum Michaux, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 34; IAC-3902). Paspalum urvillei Steudel, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300). Urochloa plantaginea (Link) R. D. Webster (reported as Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchcock, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300), So Paulo (IBI-16947). Puccinia levis occurs circumglobally in warm regions and has been divided into four varieties based on slight morphological differences as shown in the key below (Ramachar and Cummins, 1965). In his study of Holwayscollections of grass rusts from South America, Arthur (1925) was the first to report the extensive synonomy of P. levis. The principle traits of the species are the sori lack paraphyses, the urediniospores are dark brown, echinulate, with 2-4 equatorial germ pores, and the teliospores are nearly opaque or very dark brown, usually have a near vertical septum (diorchidioid), and have long pedicels. Cummins (1971) recorded the varieties of Puccinia levis on about 18 genera of grasses, all in the tribe Paniceae. Key to help identify varieties of Puccinia levis, on Poaceae 1. Teliospores mostly exceeding 30 m high, side wall mostly 3 m or more thick 2 1. Teliospores mostly less than 30 m high, side wall mostly less than 2.5 m thick other species of Puccinia on Paniceae. Puccinia levis var. panici-sanguinalis 2. Urediniospores with 3 or rarely 4 equatorial pores 2. Urediniospores with 2 pores 3 Puccinia levis var. goyazensis 3. Teliospores mostly 29-35 m high 3. Teliospores larger 4 4. Apical wall of teliospores mostly 7-12 m thick and much paler externally Puccinia levis var. levis 4. Apical wall of teliospores mostly 5-7 m thick and nearly concolorous Puccinia levis var. tricholaenae PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. LEVIS. TYPE see Puccinia levis above (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia paspali Tracy & Earle, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 174. 1895. TYPE on Paspalum virgatum from The United States of America, Louisiana: New Orleans, November, 1892, Tracy sn.

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On Gramineae: Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning & Sosef [Hackelochloa granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze (reported originally as Manisuris granularis Linnaeus), Amazonia, Serra do Mel, Rio Branco (Sydow, 1916: 67). Paspalum dilatatum Poiret, Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17727). Paspalum geminiflorum Steudel, (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 43). Paspalum inaequivalve Raddi, Gois (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965:). Paspalum pilosum Lamarck, Minas Gerais (PUR-F9818), So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 43). Paspalum urvillei Steudel, Minas Gerais (PUR-F9819), Paran (PUR-F11692), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17726). Paspalum sp., So Paulo (Arthur, 1925: 176). Also see Puccinia levis above. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, dark cinnamon- or chestnut-brown; urediniospores (23-)25-31 x (20-)23-27 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid with pores face-view, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate, cinnamon- or near chestnut-brown, germ pores 2, in flattened sides, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, or mostly on abaxial side, pulvinate, early exposed, blackish brown; teliospores 31-43(-46) x (22-)26-33(-36) m, varying from ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, usually tending to be diorchidioid and often strongly so, wall (1.5-)2.5-4(-5) m thick at sides, (5-)7-12(-14) m over pores, dark chestnut or darker except over pores, smooth; pedicels to 175 m long, colorless, thick-walled and not collapsing (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. GOYAZENSIS (P. Hennings) Ramachar & Cummins, Mycopath, Mycol. Appl. 25: 43. 1965. (?.?. IIpe/III). ' Puccinia(Diorchidium) goyazensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 94. 1895. TYPE on Panicum sp. from Brazil, Gois: Formosa, Sept. 1892, Ule-1928. ' Puccinia goyazensis (P. Hennings) P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 1: 773. 1904. Based on the above species of Hennings. On Gramineae: Panicum missionum Mez, So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 44). Panicum rugulosum Trinius sensu lato includes reports on Panicum millegrana Poiret, Rio de Janeiro (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 44), So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 44). Panicum sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 94; Sydow, P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1904;773; Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 44). Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 249), Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1899: 249). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospores 26-31 x 22-24 m with pores face-view, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon- or dark cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 2, in flattened sides, equatorial. Teliospores (26-)29-35(-42) x (22-)26-30(-32) m, broadly obovoid, broadly ellipsoidal cuboidal or rarely ellipsoid, mostly diorchidioid, wall (2-)2.5-3(-4) m thick at sides 5-7(-9) m over the pores, dark chestnut-brown except over the pores; pedicels thin- or thick-walled, collapsing or not, to at least 150 m long. PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. PANICI-SANGUINALIS (Rangel) Ramachar & Cummins, Mycopath. Mycol. Appli. 25: 44. 1965. (?.?. IIpe/III). ' Uromyces panici-sanguinalis Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 159. 1916. TYPE on Digitaria sanginalis (Linaeus) Scopeli [reported as Panicum sanguinale L.] from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Cubango near Niteroy, April 12914, E. Rangel-1103 = Puccinia seteriae-viridis Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 15: 493. 1917. TYPE on Setaria viridis = Puccinia kimurai N. Hiratsuka f. & Yoshinaga, Mem. Tottori Agr. Coll. 3: 314. 1935. TYPE on = Diorchidium digitariae Ahmad, Biologia 2: 31. 1956. TYPE on Anamorph Uredo paspali-perrottetii Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 6.216. 1917. TYPE on Paspalum perottetii from Sri Lanka On Gramineae: Digitaria horizontalis Willdenow, Santa Catarina (PUR-F4885).

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Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopeli, Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916; Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 45). Panicum cyanescens Neesex Trinius, Santa Catarina (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 45). Panicum demissum Trinius, So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 45). Paspalum plicatulum Michaux, So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins,1965: 45). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospores (23-)25-28(-30) x (18-)20-25 m, wall 1.5-2(-3) m, dark cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 3 (rarely 4), equatorial. Teliospores (25-)29-37(-40) x (22-)23-30(-32) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, mostly diorchidioid, wall 2-3 thick at sides, (4-)5-7(-9) m over the pores, dark chestnut-brown except usually paler over the pores; pedicels to at least 140 m long, mostly thick-walled and not collapsing (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var.TRICHOLAENAE (H. Sydow & P.Sydow) Ramachar & Cummins, Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 25: 44. 1965. (?/? IIpe/III). ' Diorchidium tricholaene H.Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 10: 33. 1912. TYPE on Rhynchelytrum repens (Willldenow) C.E. Hubbard (reported originally as Tricholaena rosea Nees) from South Africa, Transvaal: Barberton, 9 June 1903 ("9. 6. 1903"), J. B. Davy (J. B. Pole Evans-286). Puccinia tricholaenae (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) T. S. Ramakrishnan & K. Ramakrishnan, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 28: 63. 1948. = Uromyces tricholaenae Fragoso y Gonzales & Ciferri, Bol. R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 25: 357. 1925. TYPE on Rhynchelytrum repens (Willldenow) C.E. Hubbard (reported originally as Tricholaena rosea Nees) from Dominican Republic, Haina, date not reported, Ciferri-90. Probably 1-celled teliospores (amphispores) of Puccinia described to give the name Uromyces. On Gramineae: Rhynchelytrum repens (Willldenow) C.E. Hubbard [synonyms include: Tricholaena rosea Nees, Tricholena repens (Willdenow) Hitchcock, and Rhynchelytrum roseum Stapf & Hubbard], Bahia (IBI-15300), Federal District (IBI-12508), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 300), Paraba (Vigas,1945: 34; IAC-3805), Rio Grande do Sul (IAN-729), Rio de Janeiro (Arthur, 1925: 176), So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 44; IBI-12004). Puccinia levis var. tricholaenae occurs circumglobally in warmer areas (Cummins, 1971). Its host, Rhynchelytrum repens ("Natalgrass"), is native of Africa but has become widespread and is a common weed of disturbed places in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospores (24-)26-33 x (21-)23-27(-29) m with pores face view, wall 2 m thick, dark cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 2, in flattened sides, equatorial. Teliospores 37-47(-55) x 29-33 m, wall (2.5-)3-4 m thick at sides, (4-)5-7(-8) m over the pores, chestnut-brown, not much paler over the pores; pedicels to 175 m long, thick-walled, mostly not collapsing. Puccinia l. var. tricholaenae differs from the other varietes because its teliospores are larger, their apical walls are not as greatly thickened, and there are no clearly differentiated umbos over the pores. Urediniospore walls are echinulate but with smooth areas around the two equatorial pores (Ramachar and Cummins, 1965). PUCCINIA LIBERTA Kern, Mycologia 11: 142. 1919. TYPEon Eleocharis sp. from Nicaragua, Granada, Granada, 11 Feb 1903, C. F. Baker-2385. (?/? IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae: Eleocharis nodulosa (Roth) Schultes , Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301). Puccinia liberta has been reported also from Argentina, Venezuela, Central America, The West Indies, The United States of America, New Zealand, Australia, and Asia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scaterred on stems, tardely naked, urediniospores small, 18-27 x 13-21 m, wall 1-2 m thick, pores 2, equatorial, telia covered by epidermis, with well developed paraphyses forming sunken locules (Arthur, 1920; Cummins, 1935). Savile (1972) proposed that the tropical Puccinia liberta and temperarte North American Uromyces eleocharidis formed a correlated complex that may intergrade. Puccinia lippiae Spegazzini. see PROSPODIUM LIPPIAE (Spegazzini) Arthur.

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PUCCINIA LISIANTHI H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 491. 1931. TYPE on Lisianthus elegans pedunculatus from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, 8 Dec 1921, Holway-1372. (?/?,II/III). On Gentianaceae: Lisianthus elegans var. pedunculatus Martius (Eustoma), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 491). Puccinia lisianthi has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia hypophyllous and caulicolous, gregarious, 0.5-1 mm across, round or oval in outline, cinnamon brown, deep seated, tardily naked, pulverulent, long covered by the overarching epidermal and subepidermal tissues; urediniospores 25-34 x 18-21 m, obovoid or ellipsoid,; wall 1-2 m thick, colorless or slightly tinted golden brown, rather closely and finely echinulate with smooth areas surrounding the pores; pores two, equatorial or slightly superequatorial. Telia like the uredinia, compact, cinnamon brown; teliospores 44-56 x 14-18 m, cylindrical or elongate terete, obtuse above, narrowed and truncate or less commonly rounded below, constricted at septum; wall 1.5 m thick, apex thickened 3-4 m, colorless or slightly tinted golden brown, smooth; pedicel colorless, equalling the spore or longer, broad at point of attachment, 5-6.5 m, soon collapsing. An apparently distinct form in which the uredinia appear to be locally systemic. The uredinia are very characteristic, originating quite deeply in the tissues and covered by the epidermis and three or four layers of the rather compact spongy parenchyma. The hymenium of the sorus is flat as in those forms in which the sorus originates just beneath the epidermis. Teliospores are not abundant in this material but occasionally occur in sori essentially like the uredinia and germinate at once (Jackson, 1921). Melampsora lisianthi Patouillard, published in Rev. Mycol. 1886: 1, and Hedwigia 26: 71. 1887, was reported to be on Lisianthus elegans Martius from Sul do Brasil but is only an anamorph and not a Melampsora (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured., vol. 3: 393. 1915). Probably it belongs here. PUCCINIA LITHOSPERMI Ellis & Kellerman, J. Mycol. 1: 2. 1885. TYPE on Evolvulus nuttallianus Ruis & Pavon from The United States of America, Kansas: Manhattan, date and collector not available, not in NY. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Puccinia enecta Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 3: 62. 1902. TYPE on Evolvulus sp. Argentina, Crdoba, March 1901, T. Stuckert s.n. Anamorph Uredo evolvuli Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 72-73. 1881. TYPE on Evolvulus sericeus Swartz from Argentina, Belgrano, Feb 1881, Spegazzini s.n. On Convolvulaceae: Evolvulus nummularius Linnaeus, Rio Branco, So Marcus, (H. Sydow & P. Sydow, 1916: 72). Evolvulus sericeus Swartz, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 62). Evolvulus sp., Rio de Janeiro (Carvalho & Hennens-2003-1). Puccinia lithospermi has been reported also from Argentina to The United States of America and Japan. Joerstad (1956) reported that Puccinia desertorum H. Sydow & P. Sydow from southwest Africa and India does not appear to be very different. Uredo evolvuli is included as an anamorph on the basis of Lindquist (1982). PUCCINIA LOBATA Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 3: 54. 1874. TYPE on Sida lepidota A. Gray from The United States of America, Texas, (-/-,-/III). On Malvaceae Sida sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 233). Puccinia lobata has been reported also on species of Abutilon, Althea, Fugosia, Pseudabutilon, and Wissadula, and from Argentina, Mexico, and The United States of America. Hennings' record (1896) from Brazil cited above was overlooked and not included in the first edition of our Index. Puccinia lobata is similar to several other microcyclic species of Puccinia on various genera of Malvaceae. See Puccinia heterospora for keys that may help identify microcyclic species of Puccinia on Malvaceae. PUCCINIA LORENTZII P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 239. 1896. TYPE ? on Vernonia scorpioides

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(Lamarck) Persoon [ Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lamarck) H. Robinson] (reported as Vernonia lorentzii Hieronymus) from Argentina, Entre Rios, Feb 1878, P. G. Lorentz s.n. (? Lectotype designated by Jackson, 1918). (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Vernonia scorpioides (Lamarck) Persoon [ Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lamarck) H. Robinson], Rio deJaneiro (Hennings, 1896: 239; Jackson, 1932: 116), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 116; IBI-17218). Vernonia sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 239). Although the application of the name Puccinia lorentzii P. Hennings is uncertain as explained below, we use this name tentatively for a common rust on Vernonia scorpioides in Brazil and Argentina. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side, 0.20.5mm accross, scattered or in small circular grioups, tan to brown, powdery, ruptured epidermis membranous, remaining around sori; urediniospores 22-28(-30) x (19-)20-24(-25) m, globoid to subgloboid, wall 1.5 m thick cinnamon-brown, more or less evenly echinulate, echinulae 1.5-2 m apart, pores 2-3, equatorial, often obscure. Telia mostly on abaxial sidd of leaves, like the uredinia but dark brown, not pulverulent, teliospores 40-65 x (18-)21-30 m, oblong, rounded above narrowed below, constricted at septm, wall ca 1-2 m thick at sides, 4-7 m thick at apex, chestnut brown, smooth, pore at apex in upper cell, at septum in lower cell but obscure, pedicel to 150 m long, hyaline (Hennen-94-6). Hennings (1896) listed five collections with the original description, two from Argentina and three from Brazil. Two of the collections from Brazil were collected by Ule and they have only uredinia. Which of the two, or if both of the collections from Argentina have telia and teliospores is not recorded. Hennings described telia as on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, minute, punctiform and blackish, teliospores as elongate-clavate to oblong, rounded apically, and constricted at the septum, the wall smooth, 4 m thick, only slightly thickened apically, and chestnut-brown, the pedicel colorless, 8-11 m thick and up to 150 m long. The Sydows (1902) also did not record which specimen from Argentina they used for teliospore data but they clarified and gave more information about the species including measurements for teliospores as 40-65 x 2130 m, and the wall thickened apically 4-7 m. For urediniospores the Sydows reported them to be 22-28 x 20-24 m, globose to subglobose, the walls echinulate, and yellow-brown. Jackson (1918) added the important trait that the uredinospores have three equatorial pores. We have made more than 100 collections of rust on Vernonia scorpiodes from Brazil that we have identified as Puccinia lorentzii but only one of these has teliospores. These teliospores fit the description given by the Sydows. Jackson (1918) states that "the type of this species was collected by Lorentz in Argentina, February 1878, on Vernonia lorentzii Hieron." However, Jackson states that he did not examine either of the two specimens from Argentina and thus his designation of the Lorentz specimen as "type" was probably based on it being the first listed by Hennings. Notes in the Arthur Herbarium by Hennen contradict that the walls of the teliospores on the type of Puccinia lorentzii are smooth, they state that they are verrucose. A freehand sketch of teliospores labeled as "type" of Puccinia lorentzii by Buritic show the teliospore wall as verrucose and not or only slightly thickened apically. Additionally, paraphyses are noted by Hennen to occur in the uredinia. To resolve these discrepancies, the two collections from Argentina listed by Hennings need to be reexamined to determine which one has paraphyses in the uredinia and teliospores with walls verucose and not or only slightly thickened apically. This specimen should be excluded from Puccinia lorentzii. The specimen that fits more closely the descriptions by Hennings and the Sydows can then be designated as the lectotype. Vernonia scorpioides, a common weedy plant from Northern Argentina to Central America, is often common along shady roadsides in the eastern part of the state of So Paulo and at least uredinial infections of the rust are common in these areas. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA LYGODII Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 55. 1924 [as (Hariot) comb. nov., but we designate Arthur alone as the author of the teleomorph name because he described telia from the specimen listed here as the type]. TYPE on Lygodium polymorphum (Cavanilles) Humboldt,

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Bonpland & Kunth, Schiziaceae, from Brazil, Bahia: 28 May 1915, Rose & Russell-19664a. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo lygodii Hariot, J. Bot. 14: 117. 1900. TYPE on Lygodium sp. from Brazil, Pernambuco: date not reported, Gardener s.n. (in P, number 1229, fide Faull, 1932) . = Milesina lygodii H. Sydow, Mycologia 17: 255. 1925. TYPE on Lygodium sp. from Surinam, Tumatumari, 11 July 1922, Stevens-54. On Schiziaceae (Pteridophyte) Lygodium polymorphum (Cavanilles) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Bahia (PUR-F3717). Lygodium venustum Swartz, Cear (IBI-17127), Maranho (IBI-13621), Mato Grosso (IBI16768). Lygodium volubile Swartz, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 140; IBI-12839), So Paulo (IBI12041). Lygodium sp., Amap (Soto et al., 2001; IBI-17073), Maranho (79-147), Mato Grosso (IBI16768), Pernambuco (Sydow, 1924: 533), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F19407), So Paulo (IBI16550). Puccinia lygodii has been reported also from Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Central America, and Florida and Louisiana in the United States of America. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia blister-like, subepidermal in origen, erumpent, ruptured epidermis remains partially covering the sorus, a thin, obscure, membranous peridium also breaks open with the epidermis, urediniospores pedicellate, 24-31 x 16-23 m, mostly obovoid, broadly rounded above, broadly narrowed below, the wall more or less evenly 1 m thick, golden, echinulate but with 2(-3) irregular, lateral, smooth spots, pores 2(-3), equatorial, mostly with slight, often obscure, cuticular caps. Teliospores in uredinial sori, 22--33 x 19-26 m, mostly globoid to globoid-ellipsoid, septa mostly perpendicular or oblique, not constricted at septa, wall ca 1-2 m thick laterally, ca 4.5 m on top, smooth, colorless, pedicel shorter than the spore (Soto et al., 2001). This is the only species of Puccinia reported on Pteridophytes. Although the pedicellate, two-celled teliospores with smooth, colorless walls fit well in Puccinia, the thin, evanescent uredinial peridium suggests that the correct genus for this species is problematic. Puccinia macrocephala Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA MACROPODA Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 8. 1880. TYPE on Iresine celosioides from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Recoleta, Chacarita, 25 April 1880, Spegazzini-s.n. (?/Icv,IIpstr/III). Synanamorphs: Uredo striolata Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 10. 1880. TYPE on Iresine celesoides from Argentina, "autumo 1880", Spegazzini s.n. Anamorph name for uredinia. Puccinia striolata (Spegazzini) Arthur & J.R. Johnston, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club. 1918. Arthur and Johnston did not describe telia. = Uredo saphena Arthur & Cummins, Ann. Mycol. 31: 44. 1933. TYPE on Iresine sp., mistakenly reported originally as Physalis pubescens Linnaeus, Solanaceae, from Cuba, Oriente: Halguin, 31 Oct 1921, J. R. Johnston-3513. Aecidium bonariense Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 174. 1880. TYPE from Argentina, Buenos Aires, Riachuelo, Feb 1880, Spegazzini s.n.. Anamorph name for aecia. On Amaranthaceae: Iresine sp., Rio de Janeiro (Sydow, 1907: 355). Puccinia macropoda has been reported also from Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. All collections are on Iresine. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia in groups of 20-30 on discolored spots on the adaxial side of leaves, cupulate, peridial cells 22-25 x 14-18 m, more or less rectangular in face view, outer facing wall smooth, inner facing wall striate verrucose; aeciospores 16-18(-20) x 14-16 m, m in diameter, angular spheroid, wall about 1 m thick, unevenly verrucose, colorless. Urediniospores 25-33 x 20-30 m, spheroidal or broadly ellipsoid, walls 2-4 m thick, pale yellowish, striate, lines often sinuous, 1-1.5 m apart, pores obscure, probably 3, equatorial; teliospores 38-56 x 30-42 m, broadly ellipsoid to almost spheroid, wall (4-

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)6-7 m thick at sides, 8-10 m thick above, smooth, chestnut-brown, pedicel to 80 m long, mesospores sometimes common (Laundon, 1965). PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bertero ex Montagne in Gay, Hist. Fis. y Polit. de Chile 8: 43. 1852. TYPE on Althaea officinalis,from Chile, date and collector not available. (-/-,-/III). On Malvaceae: Alcea rosea (Linnaeus) Cavanilles, (Althea), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301). Anoda sp., Brazil (Joerstad, 1959: 79). Hibiscus esculentus Linnaeus, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 222). Malva parviflora Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301), RioGrande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 131), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 36; IAC-1, IBI-2076). Malva rotundifolia Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301). Malva sylvestris Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301), So Paulo (IBI-1892). Malva sp., Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 147), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 233), So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1889: 101; Vigas, 1945: 36; IAC-1352). Malvastrum coromandelianum (Linnaeus) Garcke, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301; IBI2238), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17793), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 36; IAC-111). Sida sp., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 61), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96). Malvaceae, gen indeten., Alagoas (Vigas, 1945: 36; IAC-3643). Puccinia malvacearum is widespread on many genera of Malvaceae. It is believed to have originated in the Andean region of South America. Puccinia malvacearum is similar to several other microcyclic species of Puccinia on various genera of Malvaceae. See Puccinia heterospora for keys that may help identify microcyclic species of Puccinia on Malvaceae. Puccinia mandevillae H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia mariae H. S. Jackson, see PROSPODIUM PERUVIANUM (P. Sydow & H.Sydow) Cummins. PUCCINIA MARISCI Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 474. 1913. TYPE on Mariscus hermaphroditus (Jacquin) Urban from Colombia. A lectotype needs to be chosen from the two collections with telia made by Mayor in 1910: Mayor278, and -278b. (?/? IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae: Mariscus flavus Vahl, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 484). Puccinia marisci was reported before only from Colombia. Mayor (1913) reported traits that may help to identify Puccinia marisci as: uredinia on stems, or on the abaxial side of leaves, urediniospores 21-25 x 16-19 m, subglobose or often ovoid, wall about 2 m thick, minutely and loosely echinulate, yellowish, pores 2, equatorial; teliospores 28-40 x 14-17 m, oblongellipsoid, rounded at apex, narrowed below, constricted at septum, lateral walls about 1-1.5 m thick, apical wall thickened up to about 7 m, dusky, pedicel up to 20 m long, 5-7 m wide, deciduous. Puccinia maublancii Rangel, see PUCCINIA CHAETOCHLOAE Arthur. Puccinia maydis Berenger, see PUCCINIA SORGHI Schweinitz. PUCCINIA MEDELLINENSIS Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 497. 1913. TYPE on Hyptis pectinata (Linnaeus) Poit. from Colombia, Medellin, 26 Aug 1910, Mayor-295d. (?/?,II/III). ' Dicaeoma medellinense Arthur, N. Am. Flora 7: 408. ' Eriosporangium medellinense (Mayor) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 20: 122. 1922. Anamorph Coleosporium brasiliense Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 5: 246. 1907. TYPE on Hyptis sp., reported originally as unidentified Labiatae, from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Sept 1906, A. Usteri s.n. Only anamorph sori were described. The species needs to be transferred to an appropriate anamorph genus.

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= Uredo atro-rubentis Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat. 5: 593. 1913. TYPE on Hyptis atro-rubens Poir. from Colombia: A lectotype needs to be chosen from the four collections listed by Mayor. (Mayor-238, -238a, -238b, -238c). On Labiatae: Hyptis muricata Schott, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301). Hyptis verticillata Jacquin, Minas Gerais (Hennings, 1896: 261). Hyptis sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 167), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1895C: 337), So Paulo (Dietel, 1907: 246), Tagua, Serra do Mar (Hennings, 1896: 261). Puccinia medellinensis has been reported also from Central America, The West Indies, and South America on six different species of Hyptis. Urediniospores with two equatorial pores, teliospores 30-40 m long, walls smooth, and unthickened at the apex of the spore. The morphologically similar Puccinia hyptidis has teliospores that are 45-84 m long (Baxter, 1961). Puccinia medusaeoides Arthur, nom. nov.for Puccinia ornata Harkness, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur. Puccinia melampodii Dietel & Holway, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres.

PUCCINIA MELANOCEPHALA H. Sydow & P. Sydow in H. Sydow, P. Sydow, and E. J. Butler, Ann. Mycol. 5: 500. 1907. TYPE on Erianthus sp.(probably E. ravennae, reported mistakenly as Arundinaria sp.in the original publication) from India, Wahjain, Khasi Hills, 17 May, 1905, Butler 512. (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia erianthi Padwick & Khan, Imp. Mycol. Inst. Kew Mycol. Papers 10-33. 1944. TYPE on Erianthus fulvus Nees from India, Simla, 23 Sept 1943, G. W. Padwick-688. On Gramineae Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus, Cear (IBI-17504), So Paulo (IBI-15983). Cummins (1971) published the corrected identification of the host of the type of Puccinia melanocephala as shown above. He also clarified the taxonomy of P. melanocephala indicating that it and Puccinia kuehnii Butler were two different rust species that attack sugarcane. Koike et al (1979) first reported the occurrence of Puccinia melanocephala in the Western Hemisphere, and also reported that Puccinia kuehnii had been reported previously from Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and the Dominican Republic but these reports were all based on missidentifications of the rust. Only P. melanocephala has been reported in the Western Hemisphere. Puccinia melanocephala was first introduced into Brazil about 1986 and spread rapidly throughout the sugarcane regions. The infections reduce the amount of sugar in the juice. Although many clones and varieties of sugarcane grown in Brazil are resistant, sugarcane plant pathologists must continue to monitor the development of this rust and to test all new clones and varieties for their resistnace. This monitoring and testing of varieties and clones is an expensive process and increases the cost of the research needed to produce new improved types of sugarcane. (look up reference in Rev. Bot. Bras. 1992or 93). PUCCINIA MELANOSORA Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 170. 1880. TYPE on Acicarpha tribuloides Jusseae from Argentina, Federal Capital (Buenos Aires): Boca del Riachuelo, Feb 1880, Spegazzini s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Calyceraceae: Acicarpha tribuloides Jussieu, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist, 1955: 18). Puccinia melanosora has been reported also from Paraguay and Uruguay. The report of P. melanosora on Trichachne sacchariflora (Raddi) Nees (Gramineae) from Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 37) is mistaken. Puccinia melicina Arthur & Holway, see PUCCINIA SCHEDONNARDI Kellerman & Swingle.

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PUCCINIA MELANTHERAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 36: 214. 1897. TYPE reported originally as on Melanthera deltoidea Richard from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, June 1885, Ule-78. But the label of the isotype specimen in HBG, Ule-78, records the host as Eupatorium tubarauense Hieronymus and the collection from So Francisco, Santa Cartarina, not Blumenau (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Eupatorium tubarauense Hieronymus (?Melanthera deltoidea Richard), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1897). Presumably known only from the type specimen. Arthur (1918, 1922) reported Puccinia melantherae from Guatemala based on the collection Holway-69, but Parmelee (1967) could not confirm the identification snd excluded it from North America. The Sydows (1902) and Parmelee (1967) report traits that may help to identify Puccinia melantherae as: urediniia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, minute, cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 20-24 m in diameter, broadly ellipsoid, wall more or less evenly echinulate, echinulae spaced at 2.1-3.5 m, pale brown; telia on the abaxial side of leaves, like the uredinia but dark brown, teliospores 3242 x 24-30 m, broadly ellipsoid, to subovoid, not constricted at the septum, wall slightly thickened to 5 m and rounded at the apex, smooth, cinnamon-brown; pedicel short, colorless. Puccinia melothriae Stevens, see PUCCINIA SPEGAZZINI DeToni. Pccinia membranacea Dietel, see PUCCINIA BACCHARIDICOLA P. Hennings.

PUCCINIA MENTHAE Persoon, Syn. Meth. Fung., 227. 1801. TYPE on Mentha sylvestris from Europe, place and date of collection not available, presumably collected by Persoon. Lectotype chosen by Joerstad (1958). (0/Icv,IIpe/III). On Labiatae: Mentha arvensis Linnaeus, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 37; IAC-4224). Mentha piperita Linnaeus, So Paulo (IBI-4817). Mentha sp., Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 150; IBI-10936), So Paulo (IAC-5477; IBI-17595). Puccinia menthae is distributed worldwide on at least 16 genera of the Labiatae (Lamiaceae), subfamily Stachyoideae (Baxter & Cummins, 1953). It is especially common and damaging on cultivated species of Mentha. Baxter (1959) organized the morphological variation that had long been recognized in Puccinia menthae into four varieties. All of these varieties occur in South America, mainly in the Andean region, but only Puccinia menthae var. menthae has been reported from Brazil. Puccinia metastelmatis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA MEYERI-ALBERTI P. Magnus, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 320. 1892. TYPE on Berberis sp.from Chile. Lectotype needs to be chosen from the three species listed by Magnus from the high cordillera of Chile. ? (0/Icv,IIcv/III) or ? (III). Anamorph ? Aecidium leveilleanum P. Magnus, Ber. deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 323. 1892. TYPE on Berberis buxifolia Lamarck from Chile, San Carlos, 19 Dec 1839, Gay. On Berberidaceae: Reported as Aecidium leveilleanum P. Magnus Berberis laurina Billberg, Thunberg, So Paulo (Jackson, 1927). Berberis laurifolia Billb., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 123). Berberis spinulosa Saint-Hilaire, Santa Catarina (PUR-F19682). Berberis sp., So Paulo (Joerstad, 1957: 46). Reported as PUCCINIA MEYERI-ALBERTI P. Magnus Berberis buxifolia Lamarck, Santa Catarina (PUR-F6155). Berberis laurina Billbg., Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F18698), So Paulo (Jackson, 1927;64; IBI12742).

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Berberis spinulosa Saint-Hilaire, Santa Catarina (PUR-F19684). Puccinia meyeri-alberti has been reported from Southern Argentina and Chile, Uruguay, and Brazil on at least nine species of Berberis. Although Jackson (1927) reported that he found Aecidium leveillianum P. Magnus with six of eight specimens of Puccinia meyeri-albertii collected by the Holways in South America, he preferred not to connect this anamorph with this teleomorph. Jackson made no mention of spermogonia in his report and stated that inoculation experiments are necessary to etablish the connection. The Sydows (1923) reported the peresence of spermogonia but Lindquist (1982) stated that he did not see spermogonia in his study of the species. This suggests that this name, Aecidium leveilleanum, may apply to both aecia and uredinia of Puccinia meyeri-albertii. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered singly or in confluent, brownish, compact, groups, on irregular roundish yellow-brown spots; teliospores are 70-95 x 11-16 m, long narrow, cylindrical, rounded or narrowed at the apex, not or slightly constricted at the septum, slightly narrowed to the pedicel below, walls 1-1.5 m thick laterally, 4-6(-7) m thick at the apex, colorless or very pale brown, smooth; pedicel up to 220 m long, thick, persistent, colorless. Sometimes one-celled teliospores mixed with the two celled. Puccinia berberidis Montagne, a closely related species reported from Argentina and Chile and not accompanied by an Aecidium sp. anamorph, has shorter teliospores with shorter pedicels. PUCCINIA MICROSPORA Dietel, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 101. 1905. TYPE on Hemarthria japonica Roshev. (reported originally as Rottboellia compressa var. japonica) from Japan, Tokyo, 12 Oct 1904, Namu-s.n. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trinius (reported as Erianthus angustifolius Nees), So Paulo (Cummins, 1953: 13, rust identified originally as Puccinia kaernbachii Arthur). Saccharum villosum Steud. (reported as Erianthus trinii Hackel), So Paulo (Cummins, 1953: 14). Erianthus sp. (reported originally as "? Andropogon sp."), Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1953: 13). Imperata brasiliensis Trinius, Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1953: 14). Imperata tenuis Hackel, Minas Gerais (Cummins, 1953: 14). Puccinia microspora has been reported also from Argentina, the United States of America, Japan, the Philippines, China, and Borneo, and on Rottboellia as another host genus. Cummins examined specimens from diverse regions and host genera but stated that he could find no morphological differences to separate them into more than one recognizable species. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Sori mostly on abaxial side of leaves, seriate. Uredinia cinnamon-brown, with colorless or pale golden, capitate paraphyses, the apical wall 6-18 m thick; urediniospores (21-)23-27(-29) x 16-21(-23 m, mostly ovoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 4(5). equatorial. Telia blackish brown, compact, early exposed; teliospores (25-)28-35(-38) x (14-)l6-21(-23) m, wall 1.5 m thick at sides, 2-3(-5) m thick apically, smooth, chestnut-brown; pedicels to 20 m long, persistent, brown, thin-walled but usually not collapsing (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA MIKANIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 124. 1932. TYPE on Mikania argyreiae DeCandolle from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 10 Aug 1921, Holway-1015. (?/?,IIcv/III). Anamorph: see below for notes about possible anamorph nomenclature. On Compositae. Mikania argyreiae DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932:). Mikania buddleiaefolia DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 124). Mikania glomerata Sprengel, Rio Grande de Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto. 1963: 142). Mikania micrantha Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Paraba (IAC-3860). Mikania pohliana Schultz-Bipontius, Minas Gerais (PUR-F18270). Mikania sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 124), So Paulo (IBI-18303).. Spermogonia and aecia not seen. Uredinia (Aecidium sp.) on the abaxial side of leaves, in groups 1-8 mm across, cupulate, pale yellowish, the margin erect, erose; peridium cells 28-32 x 14-16 m, broadly rhomboid, imbricate at ends, outer facing wall transversely striate, inner facing wall coarsely verrucose; urediniospores catenulate, 16-20 m diam, angularly globoid, wall 1 m or less thick, verrucose and with

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large refractive granules, colorless. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, between and around the uredinia, in groups 2-5 mm across, confluent in blackish, non-erumpent, loculate, stromatic crusts composed of numerous elongate brownish paraphyses; teliospores 30-48 x 12-13 m, angular clavate to cylindrical, rounded or obtuse above, mostly narrowed at pedicel, not or only slightly constriced at the septum; wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 3-6 at apex, smooth, chestnut brown; pedicel nearly equal to or shorter than the spore, colorless or similar in color next to the spore (Jackson, 1932; Cummins, 1978; Carvalho Jr., A. A. de. 2001). The telia of Puccinia mikaniae are stromatic but those of Puccinia mikanifolia, a species also from Brazil, are not. Uromyces mikaniae Vigas in which the telia are paraphysate, loculate, and teliospores are all or mostly one-celled, may be a variation of Puccinia mikaniae. See Chrysocyclus mikaniae for a key to help identify rusts on Mikania in the Neotropics. Possible anamorph nomenclature: Jackson (1932) reported that it is entirely possible that Aecidium mikaniae P. Hennings is connected to Puccinia mikaniae. But Cummins (1978) made no mention of this. Carvalho, Jr. (2001) and Carvalho, Jr. et al. (2002) published photos that clearly demonstrated that the urediniospores (Aecidium sp.) of Puccinia mikaniae have large refractive granules, a trait not reported before, but one that helps to identify an anamorph of P. mikaniae. The type and other specimens previously identified as Aecidium mikaniae need to be reexamined to determine if they have similar refractive granules before a connection can be assumed. Some of these specimens also could be the morphologically similar teleomorph Dietelia portoricensis (Whetzel & Olive) Buritic & Hennen, in which the spore walls do not have refractive granules. The nomenclature and reports of this anamorph are as follows: Aecidium mikaniae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 261. 1896. TYPE on Mikania confertissima Schultz-Bipontius and Mikania sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Nov. 1888, Ule-911; 1435; -146; -314. A lectotype needs to be chosen. = Aecidium expansum Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 258. 1899.. TYPE on Mikania scandens? from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Mau, Sept 1896, Ule-1073. Not Arthur 1915 & 1925. On Compositae. Mikania confertissima Schultz-Bipontius, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 261). Mikania sp., Bahia (IBI-13590), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-12940), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 261); So Paulo (IBI-16835), Brazil (Rick,1911: 177); Peru, Seringal, So Francisco, Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916: 71). Aecidium mikaniae has been reported from Brazil and Peru northward to Central America and the West Indies. The report of this species from Africa is probably a mistake (Joerstad, 1956). Aecidium mikaniae Spermogonia epiphyllous, few in the center of epiphyllous spots, Puccinia mikania-micranthae Vigas, see PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA MIKANIFOLIA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 125. 1932. TYPE on Mikania sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, 18 May 1922, Holway-1856. (0?/-,-/III). On Compositae: Mikania sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 125), Santa Catarina (IBI-80-113). Puccinia mikanifolia has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia on pale spots on abaxial side of leaves, in close groups 1-1.5 mm across; sori 0.2-0.4 mm across, pulvinate, compact, often confluent, ruptured epidermis not evident, choclate-brown, becoming ashy-gray on germination; teliospores 28-45 x 9-12 m, slightly irregularly clavate to cylindrical, rounded to obtuse above, narrowed below, slightly constricted at the septum, wall about 1 m or less thick, apex 3.5-6.6 m, smooth, cinnamon-brown; pedicel about equal to or shorter than the spore, colorless. Puccinia mikanifolia which has dark chestnut-brown sori, and spores shorter and narrower, and considerably more thickened at the apex, appears to be quite distinct from P. spegazzinii, the most common microcyclic species on Mikania. The telia of Puccinia mikanifolia are not stromatic and only very rarely has an Aecidium been found associated with it. Otherwise it is similar to Puccinia mikaniae which has stromatic telia and Aecidium mikaniae as an uredinial anamorph. See Chrysocyclus mikaniae for a key to help identify rusts on Mikania in the Neotropics.

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PUCCINIA MILLEGRANAE Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 83: 228. 1956. TYPE on Panicum millegrana Poiret from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Reserva Florestal Itatiaia, 9 May 1922, Holway-1834. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Panicum rugulosum Trinius sensu lato includes the reportof Panicum millegrana Poiret, Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1956: 228; Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 34). Puccinia millegranae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial leaf surface, pale brownish; urediniospores (24-)26-30(-34) x (17-)21-24 m, ovate or ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick, colorless or yellowish, finely echinulate, germ pores 3, equatorial. Telia on abaxial surface, exposed, brown; teliospores (30-)35-43(-46) x 15-19(-21) m, variable but mostly oblong-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick at sides, 4-7 m apically, yellow or golden with the apical umbo paler; pedicels to 45 m long, colorless, thin-walled and collapsing; the teliospores germinate without dormancy (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia millegranae is probabley most closely related to Puccinia puttemansii but with more elongate and much paler teliospores. The side wall is thinner and the apex is conically papillate rather than broadly rounded and umbonately thickened. Puccinia mimosae Sydow, see DIORCHIDIELLA AUSTRALIS (Spegazzini) Lindquist. PUCCINIA MINUTA Dietel in Atkinson, G. F., Bull. Cornell Univ. (Science) 3: 19. 1897. TYPE on Carex verrucosa Muhlenberg, from United States of America, Alabama: Auburn, 29 August 1891, Chiefly-2068. (?/? IIpe/III). Dicaeoma minutum (Dietel) Arthur, Res. Sci. Cong. Internat. Bot. Vienne p. 344, 1900. On Cyperaceae Genus undetermined, Amap, (IBI-16047A), Par (IBI-13280). Puccinia minuta has been reported before only from the Southeastern United States of America. If the identification of the rust is correct, the host almost surely is Carex sp. Arthur (1934) reported traits that help to identify Puccinia minuta as : urediniospores 29-39 x 19-26 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, walls 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, sparsely and strongly echinulate, pores 3(-4), equatorial; teliospores 32-55 x 16-23 m, clavate-oblong or cuniate, not or only slightly constricted at septum, usually rounded above, wall 1-1.5 m thick laterally, 5-9 m at apex, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels about half the length of spore slightly tinted. PUCCINIA MODICA Holway, J. Mycol. 10: 164. 1904. TYPE on Arenaria sp. from Mexico, Oaxaca: Etla, month not reported, 1903, Holway-5401. (?/?,IIpv/III). Anamorph Uredo arenariicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 353. 1896. TYPE on Arenaria diffusa Ell. from Argentina, Salta: Nevado del Castillo, 24 Marvh 1873, G. Hieronymus & Lorentz s.n. A new name is needed for this anamorph because of Uredo arenariicola Plowright, 1887. ' Puccinia arenariicola (P. Hennings) H. S. Jackson n. comb. , Mycologia 19: 63. 1927. Telia not described by Jackson. Not Uredo arenariicola of Plowright, 1887. On Caryophyllaceae: Arenaria lanuginosa (Michaux) Rohrbach, So Paulo (Jackson, 1927: 63, IBI-1652; Joerstad, 1956: 458). Puccinia modica has been reported on Arenaria spp. from Argentina, Guatemala, and Mexico, and on Drymaria sp. from Ecuador. Jackson (1927) found telia on a specimen from Campos do Jordo, So Paulo but did not describe them. His name must be regarded as a synonym of Uredo arenariicola P. Hennings. Gallegos & Cummins (1981) report spermogonia and presumably aecia with aeciospores similar to the urediniospores. But their report is not clear about the aecia. Urediniospores are 19-26 x 18-23 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, golden brown, finely and closely verrucose, with 3-6 scattered or sometimes equatorial pores. The teliospores are 2935 x 23-29 m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, usually not constricted at the septum, the wall 3-4 m thick laterally, up to 7-8 m thick at the apex, the pedicel persistent, colorless, up to 120 m long.

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PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) (Crawfordsville) 45: 469. 1918. TYPE on Achyranthes sp. from Peru, Pasco, 6 Aug 1914, Dr. & Mrs. J. N. Rose-18804. We consider this specimen as lectotype because it is recorded to have both uredinia and telia. It is one of two collections with telia recorded by Arthur, the other, also from Peru: Oroya, 14 July, 1914, Dr. & Mrs. Rose-19498, recorded to have only telia. (0/Icv,IIpv/III). Anamorph Uredo maculans Patouillard & Gaillard, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 4: 98. 1888. TYPE on Alternanthera sp. (reported originally as mearly Amaranthaceae), from Venezuela, Caracas, date?, collector? This is the uredinial anamorph. The aecial anamorph belongs to the genus Aecidium but has not been named. = Uredo mogiphanis Juel, Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 24. 1897. TYPE on Mogiphanes sp. from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Cuiba, 17 June 1894, Lindman s.n.. = Uredo telantherae Vigas, Bragantia 5: 90. 1945. TYPE on Alternanthera sp. from Brazil, Parahyba , March 1940, Deslandes-854. = Uredo panamensis Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 45: 155. 1918. TYPE on Alternanthera sp. (originally identified mistakenly as Phytolacca sp., Phytolaccaceae) from Panama, Panama, 7 Dec 1915, Holway-234. On Amaranthaceae: Achyranthes ramosissima (Martius) Standley, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F5962). Achyranthes sp., Rio de Janeiro (Laundon, 1965: 16). Alternanthera brasiliana Linnaeus Kuntze, Minas Gerais (IBI-12756), So Paulo (IBI-12168). Alternanthera dentata (Moquin) Stuchl., Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 446). Alternanthera moquinii (Webb ex Moquin) Dusen, Minas Gerais (Laundon, 1965: 16), So Paulo (PUR-F5969). Alternanthera puberula Dietrich, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1927: 57; Laundon, 1965: 16). Alternanthera ramosissima (Martius) Chodat, Rio de Janeiro (Laundon, 1965: 16), So Paulo (Jackson, 1927: 57; Laundon, 1965: 16). Alternanthera sp., Cear (IBI-14985), Maranho (IBI-13230), Mato Grosso (Laundon, 1965: 16), Minas Gerais (IBI-12297), Paraba (Laundon, 1965: 16), So Paulo (IBI-12040). Mogiphanes sp., Mato Grosso (PUR-F5976). Telanthera elongata Moquin, So Paulo (IAC-4076). Telanthera sp., Paraba (IAC-3851). Puccinia mogiphanes has been reported also from Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, sometimes caulicolous, up to 1 mm across, cinnamon-brown, powdery, irregularly scattered or in groups, urediniospores 28-43 x 24-40 m, spheroidal, to broadly ellipsoid, walls 1.5-4 m thick, densely verucose-echinulate or densely verrucose, cinnamon-brown, often with a thin paler outer layer, and pores 3-6, often difficult to see, mainly equatorial or scattered. Telia like the uredinia but black and not powedery, teliospores 48-56 x 30-37 m, ellipsoid, rounded obtusely above, rounded or narrowed below, slightly constricted at septum, wall 3.5-6 m thick at sides, to 12 m above, chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicel to 60 m long, wall yellowish. Laundon (1965) placed Uredo maculans as an anamorph of Puccinia mogiphanis but Kern & Thurston (1944) believed it not to belong. The reports of Puccinia mogiphanes on Achyranthes, Mogiphanes, and Telantheraa are probably all on Alternanthera (Laundon, 1965). Puccinia moelleriana P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 336. 1895. TYPE on Baccharis sp., Compositae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Brassa, 1 Nov 1891, A. Moeller-s.n. (?/?,II/III). Puccinia moelleriana (sometimes spelled "molleriana") has been reported only from the type. Lindquist (1958) regards the species as dubious. He examined isotype material from the Stockholm Museum, which consisted of a single leaf, and found only an Aecidium sp. Jackson (1932) did not include it in his key to species of Puccinia on Baccharis. Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. At least 53 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Lindquist, 1957). Thus, the New World genus Baccharis, which itself has about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas.

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Puccinia mucronata Persoon, see PHRAGMIDIUM MUCRONATUM (Persoon) Schlectendahl. PUCCINIA NASSELLAE Arthur & Holway in Arthur, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 64: 196.1925. TYPE on Nassella caespitosa Grisebach from Bolivia, Sorata, 12 April 1920, E. W. D. Holway-508. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Nassella sellowiana (Nees ex Trinius & Ruprect) Peailillo [reported originally as Stipa sellowiana Nees], Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 63). Cummins (1971) reported Puccinia nassellae on Stipa sp. and Nassella sp. and also from Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. The Stipa spp. reported to be hosts for P. nassellae were transferred later to Nassella spp. Spermogonia and aecia unknown . Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, about cinnamon-brown, powdery; paraphyses mostly clavate, curved, colorless to golden, wall 3-5 m thick apically becoming progressively thinner below; urediniospores (21-)26-30(-36) x (l8-)23-26(-3l) m, oval to nearly globoid; wall 1-2 m thick, echinulate, golden, germ pores, 6-8, scattered. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, blackish brown, compact, pulvinate, exposed; teliospores (30-)36-44(-56) x (l8-)2l-25(-28) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid; wall 2-2.5 m thick at sides, 5-12 m apically, chestnut-brown , smooth; pedicels to 60 m long, thick-walled, colorless to golden, non-collapsing, persistent (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA NASSELLAE Arthur & Holway var. platensis Lindquist Rev. Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 38: 86-87. 1962. TYPE on Nassella neesiana (Trinius & Ruprect) Barkworth [originally reported as Stipa neesiana Trinius] from Argentina, Buenos Aires: La Plata, 14 Nov 1947, Lindquist. Lindquist reported that this variety differs because it has both smaller urediniospores (22-28 x 22-25 m) and teliospores (29-40 x 18-24 m). . PUCCINIA NEGRENSIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 159. 1904. TYPE on Panicum sp., from Brazil, Amazonas: Moura on the Rio Negro, January 1902, Ule-2788. (?/?/ IIpe/III). = Triphragmium graminicola Beeli, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles 8: 5. 1923. TYPE on unidentified Gramineae, probably Panicum sp., from The Congo, Nyungu, 1914, Vanderyst-3357. On Gramineae. Panicum rugulosum Trinius sensu lato includes the report of Panicum millegrana Poiret, So Paulo (IBI-17888). Panicum sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 159). Cummins (1971) reported Puccinia negrensis also from The Congo. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, without paraphyses, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (19-)24-27 x (15-)17-21 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 3, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, spores very loosely attached, blackish brown; teliospores (20-)24-26 x (17-)19-22 m, the septa mostly vertical or oblique, mostly broadly ellipsoid, or globoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 2-4 m apically, golden or chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 50 m long but fragile and broken short, colorless, thin-walled and collapsing, (Cummins, 1971). The dark blackish, almost powdery telia with very loosely attached teliospores that are often irregularly globoid with mostly oblique or vertical septa, help to identify this species. ? PUCCINIA NEOHYPTIDIS Laundon (nom. nov. for Gymnoconia hyptidis Lagerheim), Mycotaxon 3: 154. 1975. Not nom nov. for Puccinia hyptidis (Curtis) Tracy & Earle, 1895, which is a synonym of Puccinia gibertii Speggazini (Laundon, 1975). ' Gymnoconia hyptidis Lagerheim [as " (Curt.) Lagerheim], Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 17: 83. 1895. Lagerheim was first to describe telia. TYPE, Lagerheim reported two collections: from The United States of America on Hyptis radiata: Alabama, date not reported, M. A. Curtis; and South Carolina, date not reported, Ravenel (type of Uredo hyptidis Curtis). Anamorph Uredo hyptidis Curtis, Amer. J. Sci. II 6: 353. 1848. On Labiatae

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Hyptis sp., Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1899: 250). Previous reports of Puccinia neohyptidis have been recorded as Puccinia hyptidis. The only record of Puccinia neohyptidis in Brazil is that of Ule's (collection number 2534) from Nova Friburgo, Santa Catarina that has only urediniospores (Dietel, 1899). Jackson (1932) stated that this was a doubtful record. Otherwise, Puccinia neohyptidis has been reported from Uruguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Trinidad, and Central America, The West Indies, The United States of America, and The Phillipines. Spermogonia and aecia on both sides of leaves. Aecia without peridia, spores catenulate; aeciospores 27-40 x 20-32 m, ellipsoid or globoid, wall 2-3 m thick, colorless, coarsley verrucose. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 23-30 x 20-26 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid; wall 1-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, cinnamonbrown or yellowish; teliospores 45-84 x 13-20 m, cylindrical, fusiform or clavate; wall about 1 m thick, yellow or colorless, smooth; pore or upper cell apical, of lower next to the septum; pedicel up to 95 m long, colorless, thin-walled, persistent (Baxter, 1961). Puccinia giberti and P. neohyptidis may be separated by the following comparison: P.giberti: aecia with well developed peridia; teliospores 35-45 x 18-25 m, ellipsoid to oblong ellipsoid, two different forms, some with wall colorless and smooth, others with wall pigmented and verrucose. P. neohyptidis: aecia without peridia or only a few peridial cells; teliospores 70-80 x 16-18 m, fusiform or oblong fusiform. PUCCINIA NEOROTUNDATA Cummins, Mycologia 48: 606. 1956. Nom nov. for P. rugosa Spegazzini, TYPE same as for P. rugosa Spegazzini(-/-,-/III). ' Puccinia rugosa Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 92. 1884. TYPE on Vernonia sp., from Paraguay, Paraguari, December 1881, Balansa-3433. (not that of Billings, 1871). = Puccinia rotundata Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 32. 1897. TYPE on unknown Compositae, now identified as Vernonia sp. from Brazil, Serra Geral, February 1891, Ule-1686. (not Puccinia rotundata Bonorden, 1860). On Compositae Vernonia brasiliana (Linnaeus) Druce [ Vernonanthura brasiliana (L.) H. Robinson], Minas Gerais(Thurston, 1940: 303). Vernonia ferruginea Lessing [ Vernonanthura ferruginea (lessing) H. Robinson], Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 118; Thurston, 1940: 303). Vernonia missionis Gardner [= Vernonanthura cymosa (Velloso) H. Robinson], Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932; 118). Vernonia petiolaris DeCandolle[ Vernonanthura petiolaris (DC.) H. Robinson], Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 118; PUR-7955), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 118). Vernonia platensis (Sprengel) Lessing [ Chrysolaena platensis (Sprengle) H. Robinson], Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 143). Vernonia polyanthes Lessing [= Vernonanthura phosphorica (Velloso) H. Robinson], Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 46; IAC-4249), Santa Catarina (PUR-F17885), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 46; IAC-1362). Vernonia westiniana Lessing [ Vernonanthura westiniana (Lessing) H. Robinson], So Paulo (Jackson,1932: 118). Vernonia sp., Federal District (IBI 15571), Mato Grosso (88-623/IBI 16732), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI 14328), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 18; IBI 12780), Paran (IBI 12889), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 46;IAC-2696), Rio Grande do Sul (12925), Rio de Janeiro (Maublanc & Rangel, 1915: 13; Jackson, 1932: 118; IBI 12837), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 354; Vigas, 1945: 46; IAC-302; IBI 13412) Gen. undetermined, Serra Geral (Dietel, 1897: 32). Puccinia neorotundata is common in Southern Brazil and has been reported from Argentina, Paraguay, Colombia, Venezuela, and Costa Rica. Spermogonia ?, aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia scattered on leaves, along leaf veins, and on petioles and stems, dark brown, powdery, in groups on hypertrophied or small gall-like areas, galls may not occur in all infections. Teliospores 00 x00 m, walls uniformly 3-4 m thick, or slightly thicker over the pores, rugose with small verrucae and ridges of various lengths, these tending to fuse in pseudoreticulate

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patterns; germ pore of the upper cell apical or nearly so, of the lower cell depressed midway or below; pedicels fragile, always breaking near the hilum. The reports of spermogonia require confirmation. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia lacking. Telia on both sides of leaves, in groups on slightly hypertrophied areas or along the veins, exposed, pulverulent, dark cinnamon brown; spores (30-)35-42(-45) x (20-)22-26(-28) m, broadly ellipsoid, wall uniformly 3-4 m thick or slightly thicker over pores, scarcely bilaminate but decidedly paler externally, rugose with small verrucae and ridges of various lengths, these tending to fuse in pseudoreticulate patterns, golden brown or paler, often almost lemon yellow, pore of upper cell apical or nearly so, of lower call midway or below; pedicels colorless, fragile, always breaking near hilum (Cummins, 1978). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA NIEDERLEINII P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 238. 1896. TYPE on Manettia cordifolia Martius, reported originally as Manettia lianthiflora Grisebach, Rubiaceae, from Argentina: Missiones, Esquina del Rio alto Paran, 29 March, 1883, J. Niederlein. (-/-,-/III.). On Rubiaceae: Manettia bicolor Poiret, Santa Catarina (Ule-1679, in HBG). Manettia cordifolia Martius, Rio Grande do Sul (Rick, 1911: 176 or 180?, host reported as Manettia ignata Schumann; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 139). Puccinia niederleinii has been reported also from Argentina, and Paraguay on Manettia sp.(Juel, 1897) and Cuba on M. uniflora Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth (Joerstad, 1959). Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, about 0.3 mm across, pulvinate, blackish brown when mature, in concentric groups 2-6 mm wide, teliospores 21-30 x 14-22 m, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, rounded above and below or narrowing below, not constricted at the septum, wall 2-2.5 m thick at sides, not or only 4-6 m thick above, pale yellowish-brown, smooth, pore of lower cell at the septum, pedicel up to 60(-70) m long, one-celled teliospores often abundant (Lindquist, 1982). PUCCINIA NOACKII P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Ann. Mycol. 5: 352 (?354). 1907. TYPE on Eupatorium sp. Compositae, from Brazil: So Paulo, horto botan. So Paulo, April 1898, F. Noack-374. (?/?,II/III). Puccinia noackii has been reported only from the type collection. The Sydows (1907) saw only a few urediniospores and they were in telia. Urediniospores 21-27 x 18-22 m, ellipsoid to ovoid, the wall 1-1.5 m thick, shortly echinulate, teliospores were 42-58 x 18-25 um, oblong to clavate, slightly constricted at the septum, mostly rounded above and somewhat narrowed or rounded below, wall smooth, yellowish, thickened above up to 14 m, paler or yellowish brown in thickened area; pedicel up to 75 m long, persistent, thick, colorless to subcolorless (The Sydows, 1907). Nearly 30 species of Puccinia are known on Eupatorium, all from the New World. Only three of these are known from Brazil. PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 435. 1895. TYPE on Digitaria setigera Roth [reported as Digitaria pruriens (Fisch. ex Trin.) Buse] from Hawaii: Oahu Island, summer, 1895, Heller- 1976 (host identity reported by G. B. Cummins, 1943, 1965; reported and originally as "On some unknown grass resembling Panicum or Holcus"). (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia digitariae Pole-Evans, Ann. Bolus Herb. 2: 111. 1917. TYPE on Digitaria sp., South Africa. = Puccinia digitariae-velutinae Viennot-Bourgin, Bull Soc. Mycol. France 65: 432.1951. TYPE on Digitaria velutinae (Forssk.) P. Beauvois in West Africa, Ivory Coast: Abidjan, Research Station dAdiopodoume, August 1951, Viennot-Bourgin-s.n. Anamorph. Uredo digitariaecola Thuemen, Mycoth. Univ. No. 2041. 1882. TYPE on Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. from South Africa: Cape of Good Hope, Somerset-East, McOwan s. n. = Uredo digitariae-ciliaris Mayor, Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 41: 101. 1914. TYPE on Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler from the Philippines. = Uredo duplicata Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 160. 1916. TYPE on

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Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli from Brazil, Rangel 1200. = Uredo syntherismae Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 31: 398. 1951. TYPE on Digitaria sanguinales (Linnaeus) Scopoli, from Paraguay, Spegazzini-4750. On Gramineae: Digitaria eriantha Steud. (reported as Digitaria decumbens Stent), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto 1967: 58). Digitaria horizontalis Willdenow, Minas Gerais (Ramachar &Cummins, 1965: 16), So Paulo (PUR-F4886). Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli, Minas Gerais (PUR-F9821); Par (PUR-F17651), Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916: 160), Rio Grande doSul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 115). Digitaria sp. Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F19017). So Paulo (IBI-12490). Puccinia oahuensis is circumglobal in warm regions on species of Digitartia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, yellowish brown, pulverulent, with colorless, thin-walled, mostly incurved, usually clavate paraphyses; urediniospores (23-)25-32(-40) x (18-)20-25(-28) m, mostly ovoid or obovoid, wall 1.5 m thick, golden or light cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores (3-)4 or 5(-6), equatorial or in some specimens tending to be scattered. Telia blackish, long-covered, with few peripheral brownish paraphyses; teliospores (27-)35-45(-52) x (l2-)l6-22(-26) m, clavate, obovoid-clavate, or oblong, wall 1-1.5(-2) m thick at sides, 2-5(-7) m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels colorless to brownish, thin-walled and collapsing or not, to 20 m, persistent (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia oblectaneus H. S. Jackson & Holway, see UROMYCES OBLECTANEUS H. S. Jackson & Holway. Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA OBLIQUO-SEPTATA Viennot-Bourgin, Urediniana 5: 219. 1958. TYPE on Olyra sp.,[probably Parodiolyra micrantha (Kunth) Davidse & Zuluaga; =O. micrantha Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth], from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, 27 July 1913, A Maublanc. (?/? IIpe/III). Anamorph. Uredo bambusarum P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 225. 1896. TYPE on Olyra sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Ule-866. (not on Bambusa sp.as originally reported). = Uredo dentata Mains, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 66: 621. 1939. TYPE on Parodiolyra micrantha (Kunth) Davidse & Zuluaga [=Olyra micrantha Kunth] from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: 2 Nov 1929, A. Chase-9981A. On:Gramineae. Parodiolyra micrantha (Kunth) Davidse & Zuluaga (=Olyra micrantha Kunth), MinasGerais (Thurston, 1940: 297), Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 60, as Puccinia bambusarum Arthur); Rio de Janeiro (Arthur, 1925: 168, as Puccinia bambusarum Arthur; Mains, 1939: 621; IBI-1653); So Paulo (Arthur, 1925: 168, as Puccinia bambusarum Arthur; Vigas, 1945: 17; as Puccinia bambusarum Arthur; IAC-3099, IBI-1656). Parodiolyra sp. or Olyra sp., Amap (Hennen & Soto 87-97); Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 255), So Paulo (Sydow,1907: 356). Puccinia obliquo-septata has been reported also from Paraguay. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on abaxial leaf surface, cinnamon-brown, with inconspicuous peripheral, cylindrical to capitate, paraphyses, the wall usually thin, yellowish to pale or dark brownish, urediniospores (27-)30-36(-39) x (22-)24-31 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 2-2.5(-3-5) m thick, cinnamon-brown, strongly echinulate, germ pores 3 or 4, equatorial. Telia mostly on abaxial surface, chocolate-brown, early exposed, compact; teliospores (25-)28-40(-44) x (12-)15-20(-23) m, mostly ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, the septum commonly oblique but diorchidioid spores rare, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 4-8(-10) m apically, yellowish to golden brown, smooth; pedicels to 60 m long but usually shorter, colorless or yellowish, moderately thick-walled but usually collapsing, (Cummins, 1971).

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The mature uredinial paraphyses are cylindrical to more frequently broadly capitate, short stalked, with brownish, thin walls. Sori are often hyperparasitized with other fungi. The three other species of Puccinia on Parodiolyra and Olyra do not have paraphyses. Phakopsora phakopsoroides also on Olyra sp. has uredinia with abundant phakopsoroid paraphyses. See Phakopsora phakopsoroides for a key to the species of rusts known on Olyra. PUCCINIA OBREPTA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 164. 1932. TYPE on Wedelia isolepis Blake, Compositae, from Bolivia, Sorata, 14 April 1920, Holway-517. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Wedelia hookeriana Gardner, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 38; IAC-3861). Puccinia obrepta has been reported only from two specimens from Bolivia and one from Brazil. Jackson (1932) characterized Puccini obrepta by its teliospore apical walls thickened 5 m or more and urediniospores with 5-7 scattered germ pores. The following key may aid in identifying species of Puccinia on Wedelia in the Americas. Key to help identify species of Puccinia on Wedelia, Asteraceae in the Americas 1. Uredinia produced, spores pedicelate 2. Teliospore walls reticulate, urediniospore pores 2, equatorial with encircled by smooth areas 1. Puccinia guatemalensis Parmelee Central America, Mexico, also on Zexminia. 2. Teliospore walls smooth, urediniospore pores 2, aecia a Caeoma sp., without peridia 2. Puccinia wedeliicola H. S. Jackson & Holway Brazil 2. Teliospore walls smooth, urediniospore pores 3 or more, aecia where known with well developed peridia 3. Teliospores not or slightly thickened at apex, 3 m or less 4. Teliospores not thickened at apex, germinate without dormancy, urediniospores rare, 3-4 scattered pores 3. Puccinia inaudita H. S. Jackson & Holway Central America, Mexico 4. Teliospores slightly thickened at apex, 3 m or less, urediniospores with 4 equatorial pores 4. Puccinia caracasana H. Sydow; Barbados, Venezuela 4. Urediniospores with 6 scattered pores 5. Puccinia ecuadorensis Arthur; Ecuador 3. Teliospore apprediably thickened at apex, 5 m or more 5. Urediniospores with 5-7 scattered pores 6. Puccinia obrepta H. S. Jackson & Holway Bolivia, Brazil 5. Urediniospores with 3-4 equatorial pores 6. Urediniospores 18-21 x 24-27 m, depressed globoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, pale cinnamon to golden brown 7.Puccinia aubaquila H. S. Jackson & Holway Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador 6. Urediniospors 19-22 x 23-26 m, slightly broadly transversely ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown 8. Puccinia spegazziniana De-Toni Argentina, Uruguay, Central America 6. Uredinisopores 27-34 x 22-27 m,mostly globoid, wall 3-3.5 m thick, chestnut-brown 9. Puccinia puntana Lindquist; Argentina 1. Uredinia absent, microcyclic 10. Puccinia cnici-oleracei (Puccinia wedeliae) Colombia If teleomorfic stage belongs to Uromyces Uromyces cuculatus

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PUCCINIA OBVOLUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 18: 143. 1926. TYPE on Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 20 December 1921, Holway-1414. (?/? IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae. Cyperus ferax Richard, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson,1926: 143). Puccinia obvoluta has been reportedfrom only the two specimens from Rio de Janeiro that were cited by Jackson (1926). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered or in groups on yellowish spots 1-2 mm across on abaxial side of leaves, tardily naked, long covered by the overarching epidermis that splits open on one side, cinnamon-brown, powdery; urediniospores 26-30 x 22-24 m, globoid or ellipsoid, the wall 1.5-2 m thick, golden brown, finely and sparsely echinulate, with 2 slightly superequatorial pores. Telia tardely naked, long covered by the epidermis, somewhat pulverulent, blackish brown, teliospores 42-60 x 12-16 m, irregularly clavate or cylindrical, obtuse or acute above, narrowed below, scarcely constricted at the septum, the wall 1 m or less thick laterally, rather abruptly thickened at the apex 3-4 m, smooth, the pedicel commonly less than half the length of the spore, reddish brown (Jackson, 1926). PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins, Mycotaxon 5: 405. 1977. Nom. nov. for Dicaeoma pluchaea Arthur & Jackson. TYPE, lectotype designated by Cummins (1956) on Pluchia fastigiata Grisebach, Compositae, from Argentina, Jujuy: Quinta near Laguna de la Brea, 13 June 1901, (Vest. Microm. Rar. Sel. 1368) in BPI. (?/I?,II/III). The name Puccinia plucheae (Arthur) Cummins stat. nov. cannot be used because the basionym was published by Arthur, 1922, without a description of teliospores. Puccinia biocellata (Arthur) Vestergren, in Micromycetes rar. Sel. Nos. 1267, 1368. 1908. Nom nud. ' Dicaeoma plucheae (Sydow) Arthur & Jackson, in N. Am. Fl. 7: 793. 1926. Puccinia biocellata Vestergren ex Cummins, Mycologia 48: 606. 1956. Nom. Illegit., telia described but the name a later homonym. Anamorph Uredo plucheae H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 333. 1903. TYPE on Pluchia camphoratae, Compositae, United States of America, Florida: Eustis, Lake County , G. V. Nash s. n, = Uredo biocellata Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 517. 1906. TYPE on Pluchia purpurascens (Linnaeus) DeCandolle from United States of America, Florida: Florida Keys, 1898, C. L. Pollard-143. = Uredo plucheae Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 319. 1909. TYPE on Pluchea quitoc from Argentina, Salta: Ledesma, April 1905, Speggazzini s. n. Nom. illegit., a later homonym. = Puccinia plucheae Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 194. 1922, teliospores not described. On Compositae. Pluchea quitoc DeCandolle (Compositae), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 158). Puccinia ocellifera has been reported also from Florida in the United States of America, Mexico, Guatemala, Puerto Rico, and Bolivia and Argentina in South America, only on Pluchea spp. Spermogonia not seen. Aecia on abaxial surface in small groups, peridium fragile; spores 13-17 m diam. angularly globoid, wall 1 m thick, colorless, minutely verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, dark brown; spores (24-)28-33(-35) x (22-)24-27 m obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate except over pores, cinnamon brown, pores 2, equatorial in the strongly flattened sides of spore, overlaid by large caps. Telia on abaxial leaf surface, exposed, compact, about cinnamon-brown becoming gray from germination; spores (40-)43-55(-67) x (16-)18-24(-26) m, ellipsoid or oblong ellipsoid, wall 1(-1.5) m thick at sides, golden brown, 5-8 m thick apically by an abrupt, pale, umbo, smooth, pore of upper cell apical, of lower cell at the septum; pedicels colorless, to 65 m long but often broken short. (Cummins, 1978)

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Puccinia ocellifera is characterized by unique urediniospores with two equatorial germ pores, one on each of the two flattened sides, and each pore covered with a large lens-like cap 18-25 m in diameter, plus the teliospores 43-55 m long. The Aecidium sp. anamorph described for this species by Cummins (1978) requires confirmation. The only specimen known to have an Aecidium sp. believed to be connected to P. ocellata was in the Arthur Herbarium (PUR-33900), but it no longer has any of these sori. Puccinia offuscata Arthur, see PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini var.OFFUSCATA (Arthur) Cummins. PUCCINA OLDENLANDIICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 267. 1908. TYPE on Oldenlandia herbacea DeCandolle, Rubiaceae, from Brazil, Bahia: Tambury, Oct 1906, Ule-3328. (?/?,?/III). Puccinia oldenlandiicola has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. PUCCINIA ONCIDII Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 87: 39. 1960. TYPE on Oncidium sp. from Mexico, place and month not recorded, 1957, intercepted in customs, Miami, Florida, 21 Aug 1957, inspector A. S. Mills, Miami number 4794. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Orchidaceae: Oncidium sp., Brazil, state not recorded (PUR-F16440). Cummins (1960) did not report the above collection of Puccinia oncidii from Brazil, which was intercepted by customs, but he did report a collection of from Ecuador, another customs interception in Miami. Cummins (1960) reported traits of Puccinia oncidii as: urediniospores 26-30 x 22-26 m, mostly broadly obovoid, the wall 2(-3) m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, and with 2(-3) equatorial germ pores; the teliospores (43-)46-58(-64) x 20-24 m, clavate-ellipsoid, rounded at the apex, the wall 2-3 m thick at the sides, 4-7 m thick at the apex, chestnut-brown to golden-brown, smooth, the pore apical in the upper cell and at the septum in the lower cell, the pedicel up to 50 m long, colorless, thin and persistent. PUCCINIA OPULENTA Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 170. 1880. TYPE on Ipomoea acuminata from Argentina, la Boca del Riachuelo, Buenos Aires, 1880, ?Spegazzini-s.n. Puccinia ordinata H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. Puccinia ormosiae Arthur, see DICHEIRINIA ORMOSIAE (Arthur) Cummins. Puccinia ornata Harkness, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter)Arthur. PUCCINIA OXALIDIS Dietel & Ellis in Dietel, Hedwigia 34: 291. 1895. TYPE on Oxalis sp. from Mexico, place and date not reported, E. Palmer-s. n. A specimen recorded in BPI data base as collectedby E. Palmer, 5 Jan-6 Feb 1892 from Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico perhaps is an isotype. ? (O/Icv IIpe/III), ? (?/? IIpe/III), or ? (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo oxalidis Lveill, Ann. Sci. Nat. II, 16: 240. 1841. TYPE on Oxalis sp. from Venezuela, place, date, and collector not reported. = Uredo oxalidearum Cooke, Grevillea 10: 123. 1882. Argomyces (?) oxalidis (Lveill) Arthur , N. Am. Flora 7:217. 1912. (basionym is an anamorph). Dicaeoma oxalidis (Lveill) Kuntze, Rev. Ger. 3 (3): 469. 1898. (basionym is an anamorph). On Oxalidaceae (uredinia and telia): Oxalis corymbosa DeCandolle, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 129), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 97; Hennings, 1896: 247).

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Oxalis martiana Zuccarini, [Ionoxalis martiana (Zuccarini) Small], Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 301; Vigas, 1945: 38; IAC-3989), Santa Catarina (PUR-F6289), So Paulo (IAC4363). Oxalis salva +, Minas Gerais (IBI-552). Oxalis sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-16238), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 155), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1895: 291; 1899; 250; Jackson, 1931; 359; Vigas, 1945: 38; IAC-4088; IBI-1699), Santa Catarina (IBI-12953), So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1908: 9; Jackson, 1931: 359; Vigas, 1945: 38; IAC-69, IBI-15617). Puccinia oxalidis has been reported throughout tropical and subtropical America from Argentina to the southern United States of America on several species of Oxalis. Also, it has been introduced into Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and probably elsewhere. Spermogonia and aecia uncertain (see below). Uredinia 0.2-0.5 mm across, scattered or closely crowded, sometimes in circles, mostly on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, bright golden- to orange-yellow when fresh, without paraphyses; urediniospores 17-24 x 16-19 m, globoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick, minutely echinulate, colorless, germ pores obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, pale brownish yellow to nearly colorless, teliospores 18-28 x 13-20 m, oblong, wall, 0.5-0.8 m, colorless, pedicel about as long as spore or shorter, germinating without dormancy (Arthur, 1934) Infected leaflets are easily seen because of the many crowded, bright yellow, powdery uredinial sori mostly on the abaxial side of leaflets. Teliospores are not commonly reported but they are easily identified because they germinate without dormancy and their walls are very thin, smooth, and colorless. Although Long (1917) reported inoculations that indicated that spermogonia and aecia of P. oxalidis occur on Mahonia repens (Lindley) Don (Berberidaceae) in New Mexico in the United States of America, these results have never been confirmed by additional inoculation experiments nor field observations. Other rusts that have been reported to produce Aecidium-like aecia on species of Mahonia include, the well known heteroecious Puccinia graminis Persoon, and the autoecious, long cycle rust, Cumminsiella mirabilissima (Peck) Nannfeldt and other species of Cumminsiella. Two other heteroecious rusts on Gramineae have been reported to produce spermogonia and aecia on Oxalis spp. in the Western Hemisphere: Puccinia andropogonis, which produces uredinia and telia on Andropogon spp., and Puccinia sorghi which produces uredinia and telia on Zea spp. Jackson (1931) mistakenly listed Aecidium mexicanum Maublanc (not Aecidium mexicanum Dietel & Holway) and Ae. maublancii Sydow nom. nov. for Ae. mexicanum Maublanc as synonyms of Puccinia oxalidis. Puccinia oxypetali P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia pachyspora Dietel, see PUCCINIA EUPATORII Dietel. PUCCINIA PALICOUREAE Mains, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 461: 102. 1935. TYPE on Palicourea triphylla DeCandolle from Belize (British Honduras): Belize, 7 May 1931, H. H. Bartlett-13091. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph See Uredo psychotricola which is probably an anamorph of Puccinia palicoureae. On Rubiaceae Palicourea coriacea (Chamisso) K. Schumann, Federal District (IBI-12474), So Paulo (IBI12609). Palicourea guianensis Aublet, Amap (Hennen et al., 2001: 139). Palicourea marcgravii A. Saint-Hilaire,. Minas Gerais (IBI-14571). Palicourea rigida Kunth, Federal District (IBI-12450), Minas Gerais (IBI-12795). Par (IBI13286), Paran (IBI-12151), So Paulo (IBI-12595). Palicourea sp., Amap (Hennen et al., 2001: 140; IBI-16012), Minas Gerais (IBI-12795), Par (IBI-16035), So Paulo (IBI-13854). Psychotria sp., Gois (IBI-13348), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14340), Par (S97-427), So Paulo (IBI-16530). As Uredo psychotriicola Psychotria sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895B: 321); Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 256; Jackson, 1832:

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100), So Paulo (Hennings, 1908B: 2; Jackson, 1932: 100). Puccinia palicoureae has been reported previously only from the type from Belize listed above. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospores (20-)22-32 x (16-)22-24 m, broadly ellipsoid, obvoid, or subgloblid, the wall evenly 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, pale yellow or cinnamon, somewhat sparsely echinulate, the echinulations prominent, up to 2 m long and almost as wide at the base, usually with irregular, smooth areas on sides of the spore, the pores obscure, probably 2 associated with the smooth spots. Teliospores from Amap 24-33 x 13-18 m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded above and below, slightly constricted at the septum, germinating without dormancy; wall very thin, uniformly 0.5-1 m, colorless or slightly tinted, smooth; pedicel short (Mains, 1935). When compared to the closely related Puccinia fallax (Mains, 1935), Puccinia palicoureae has more pronounced echinulations on the urediniospores and larger teliospores. In the original description, Mains (1935) reported teliospores from Belize as 32-42 x 12-16 m, and fusiform-oblong. PUCCINIA PALLIDISSIMA Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12:69. 1881. TYPE on Stachys arvensis from Argentina, Crdoba: near San. Jos. Sierra Chica mountains, date not reported, Heironymous s.n. (-/-,-/III). = Puccinia albida Dietel & Neger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24:160. 1897. TYPE on Stachys from On Labiatae: Stachys sp., So Paulo (Hennings, 1902B:105; Puttemans-267). Puccinia pallidissima has been reported also from Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Mexico. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, minute, numerous in anastomosed groups to 1 mm across, the groups on slightly larger pale leaf spots; teliospores 34-42 x 12-15 m, elongate-clavate to obovoid-clavate, rounded or abruptly narrowed above, gradually narrowing below, slightly constricted at the septum, wall about 1 m thick at sides, 2-5 m thick above, smooth, colorless or pale yellow, pedicel fragile, thin, colorless, about as long as the spore. Teliospores germinate without dormancy with a two-celled metabasidium (Jackson, 1932). PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 290. 1880. TYPE on Salpichroa origanifolia (Lamarck) Baillon from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Chacarita, 2 May 1880, Spegazzinis.n. (0/IIIendo/IIIpuccinia). = Puccinia araucana Dietel & Neger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 159. 1897. LECTOTYPE on Solanum cyrtopodium Dun. from Chile, Cordillera de Villarica, Jun 1897, F. Neger (Exsiccati, Vestergren, Micromycetes rariores selecti, century XII, no. 1160). See also below. = Puccinia solanina Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 23: 26.1912. TYPE on Acnistus parviflorus Grisebeck from Argentina, Jujuy: Calilegua, Nov 1911, ? Spegazzini s.n. ' Dicaeoma pampeana (Spegazzini) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 467, 470. 1898. = Puccinia paulensis Rangel, Arch. Jardin Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 70. 1918. TYPE on Capsicum anuum Linnaeus from Brazil, So Paulo, Rangel-1530, & -1530a. = Puccinia gonzalezii Mayor (as Gonzalezi) Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 502. 1913. TYPE on Capsicum sp. Colombia, Eastern Andes, El Buqueron de Guachuni, 24 Oct. 1910, Mayor-365. = Puccinia capsici Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5:506. 1913. TYPE on Capsicum cf. baccatum L. from Colombia, Tolima: Central Andes, Soledad, on road to Mariquita, 6 Oct 1910, Mayor-84. = Puccinia capsici Averna-Sacc, Molestias Cryptogamicas das Plantas Horticolas, SoPaulo, p. 1, 1917, TYPE on Capsicum sp. from Brazil, So Paulo, no known extant specimens. (not Mayor, 1913). Second telial stage: Endophyllum pampeanum (Spegazzini) Lindquist, Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot.10: 114. 1963. ' Aecidium pampeanum Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 11. 1880. TYPE on Salpichroa origanifolia (Lamarck) Baillon (originally identified as S. rhomboidea Miers), from Argentina, Buenos Aires, Chacarita, 2 May 1880, Spegazzini s.n. = Aecidium capsici Kern & Whetzel, J. Dept. Agri. Puerto Rico 14: 341. 1930. TYPE on

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Capsicum baccatum Linnaeus from Colombia, Antioquia: Fredonia, 10 Apr 1927, Toro-197. = Puccinia capsicola Kern & Thurston , Mycologia 32: 625. 1940. TYPE on Capsicum baccatum L. from Colombia, Antioquia: Fredonia, 10 Apr 1927, Toro-197. (no description of teleomorph). On Solanaceae: Capsicum annuum Linnaeus, So Paulo (Rangel, 1918: 70; IBI-5851). Capsicum baccatum Linnaeus, So Paulo (PUR-F19365). Capsicum frutescens Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 302; Vigas, 1945: 39; IBI-2017; IAC-4004), So Paulo (Averna-Sacca, 1917: 61; Vigas, 1945: 39; IBI-4955). Capsicum microcarpon DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 302). Capsicum pendulum Willdenow, So Paulo (IBI-3394). Capsicum sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 297, as Puccinia capsici Mayor); Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 120, as Puccinia capsici Mayor),So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 39; IBI247, IAC-348, -1142). Salpichroa rhomboidea Miers (Solanaceae), Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1959: 89). Salpichroa sp., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899; 205). Puccinia pampeana occurs from Argentina to Mexico on species of Capsicum, Salpichroa, Solanum and probably other species of Solanaceae. In older literature it has been reported as Puccinia paulensis on species of Capsicum. The life cycle of Pucinia pampeana, in which there are two teleomorph generations, has been studied in detail by Figueiredo, Hennen, Lopez-Franco, and colleagues (1984, 1990, 1995). For a detailed discussion of this species, see information given in the section on life cycles. We prefer to unite Puccinia araucana with Puccinia pampeana but if it is separtated the following arrangement should be followed: PUCCINIA ARAUCANA Dietel & Neger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 159. 1897. LECTOTYPE on Solanum cyrtopodium Dun. from Chile, Cordillera de Villarica, Jun 1897, F. Neger (Exsiccati, Vestergren, Micromycetes rariores selecti, century XII, no. 1160). (?/?/IIcv/III, but see Puccinia pampeana). = Puccinia solanina Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 23: 26.1912. TYPE on Acnistus parviflorus Grisebeck from Argentina, Jujuy: Calilegua, Nov 1911, ? Spegazzini s.n. Anamorph Aecidium solaninum Spegazzini, Anales Soc. Ci. Argentina Pug. IV, 12:79. 1881. TYPE on Acnistus parviflorus g Grisebeck (host originally missidentified as Acnistus arborescens Schlechtendahl) from Argentina, Crdoba: Sierra Chica (near San Jos), 11 Jan 1877, Hieronymus s.n. = Aecidium solaninum Spegazzini var. laevis Spegazzini. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 19: 470. 1909. TYPE on Acnistus parviflorus Grisebach from Argentina, Tucumn, April 1905, Spegazzini ? On Solanaceae Reported as Puccinia solanina: Acnistus breviflorus Sendtner, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 137; IAN-719). Acnistus parviflorus Grisebach, Santa Catarina (PUR-F7437). Acnistus sp., Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 95; Hennings,1896: 260), Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 103). Acnistus sp., Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 95,as Aecidium solaninum; Hennings,1896: 260), Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 103). Reported as Puccinia araucana: Acnistus breviflorus Sendtner, Rio Grande do Sul (BPI-103502). Puccinia araucana has been reported also on Solanum spp. and from Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia. Lindquist (1983) reported this species as Puccinia solanina but states that he considers it the same as Puccinia araucana. He also lists host genera in Argentina as Cestrum and Dunalia. Perhaps the records from Brazil listed above as on Acnistus refer to Dunalia. This species is morphologically almost identical to Puccinia pampeana Spegazzini which has an Endophyllum stage directly associated with its Puccinia stage. No experimental germination of the Aecidium-

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like spores of P. araucana has been done to determine if they function as teliospores as in P. pampeana. If they prove to be an Endophyllum stage then P. arauacana should become a synonym of P. pampeana. Puccinia panici Dietel, see PUCCINIA EMACULATA Schweinitz. Puccinia panicola Arthur, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. Puccinia papillifera Sydow, see DIORCHIDIUM PUIGGARII Spegazzini. PUCCINIA PARANSIS Dietel Ann. Mycol. 6: 96. 1908. TYPE on Gouania pyrifolia Reiss, from Brazil, Par: Belm, bairro Marco, Dec. 1907, C. F. Baker-60. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Rhamnaceae: Gouania blanchetiana Miguel, Par (Dietel, 1908; Jackson, 1931); Rio de Janeiro, (Jackson: 1931). Gouania cornifolia Reiss, Par (Albuquerque, 1971). Gouania pyrifolia Reiss, Amap, (Hennen et al., 2001: 142), Par (Soto, S97-568). Gouania sp., Amap (Hennen et al., 2001:142 ; IBI-17060), Bahia (IBI-13464), Goas (IBI13229), Maranho (IBI-17105), Par (IBI-13640). Puccinia paraensis has been reported only from Brazil in the New World. Viennot-Bourgin (1953) recorded Puccinia paraensis also from Africa on Gouania longipetala Hemsley. Spermogonia intermixed between the aecia. Aecia on both sides of the leaves on slightly hypertrophied spots, often extending along the veins; aeciospores similar to urediniospores. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, without paraphyses, often with both urediniospores and teliospores; urediniospores 2938 x 24-30 m, obovoid to subglobose, wall 2-2.5 thick, echinulate but with smooth spots near pores, pores 2, equatorial. Teliospores 30-44 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid to cuneate, rounded above, often narrowed below, constricted at the septum, walls thin, colorless, pedicel thin-walled, colorless, variable in length, metabasidia formed without dormancy (Hennen et al., 2001:142). Aecia and telia were found but uredinia were not found in specimens from Amap and Par. Puccinia incallida Cummins on Gouania longipetala from Gold Coast, Africa seems to be a microcyclic derivitive of Puccinia paraensis. See also Puccinia gouaniae Puccinia paraguayensis Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM PARAGUAYENSE Spegazzini. PUCCINIA PARANAHYBAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 320. 1895. TYPE on Ruellia sp. from Brazil, Gois: Paranahyba, Feb 1893, Ule-2004. (-/-,-/III). ' Dicaeoma paranahybae (P. Hennings) O. Kuntze, Revisto Genarum Plantarum 3: 470. 1898. = Puccinia fuhrmanii E. Mayor, Mem. neuchatel Sci. nat. 5: 507. 1913. TYPE probably on Ruellia sp. but reported originally as on Justicia cf. secunda cf. intermedia from Colombia, Antioquia: Manizalis area, 1 Oct 1910, E. Mayor-62. On Acanthaceae: Ruellia angustifolia (Nees) Lindmann, Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1956: 444; IAN-716). Ruellia graecizans Baker, So Paulo (IBI-12522). Ruellia longifolia (Pohl) Grisebach, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 235), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 95). Ruellia puri Martius, Brazil (Joerstad, 1956: 444). Ruellia sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895B: 320). Puccinia paranahybae has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, 0.1-0.4 mm across, dark cinnamon-brown, not stromatic, in dense irregular or more or less circular groups on dried out spots to 5 mm diam; teliospores 30-50 x 16-22 m, cylindric to clavate, sometimes ellipsoid, obtuse-rounded above, slightly constricted at septum, narrowed below, wall 0.5-1.5 m thick at sides, 1-5 m thick above, pedicel to 70 m long, colored similar to or paler than the spore, persistent (Laundon, 1963). Puccinia parodii Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA PILOCARPI Cooke.

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Puccinia parthenicola H. S. Jackson, see PUCCINIA SCHILEANA Spegazzini var. PARTHENIICOLA (H. S. Jackson) J. C. Lindquist. Puccinia parthenii Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 570. 1910. TYPE on Parthenium argentatum A. Gray, from Mexico, Zacatecas: Mazapil, 27 March 1908, Lloyd s.n. (?/?,II/III). The inclusion of this species in the original Index is an error. The report was bssed on Vigas, 1945:87; IAC-1961, a collection of uredinia on Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus, Compositae, from Campinas, So Paulo, originally identified as Uredo parthenii Spegazzini which is an anamorph of Puccinia schileana var. partheniicola. Puccinia paspali Tracy & Earle, see PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus. Puccinia paspalicola (P. Hennings) Arthur, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew. Puccinia paulensis Rangel, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. PUCCINIA PELARGONII-ZONALIS Doidge, Bothalia 2:98. 1926. TYPE, a lectotype needs to be chosen from the specimens on Pelargonium zonale L'Heritier from South Africa listed by Doidge in the original publication. A specimen in BPI marked "type" is from South Africa, Natal: Scottsburgh, ? 7 May 1913 ("5.7.13"), Pole Evans-6843. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Geraniaceae: Pelargonium zonale LHeritier, Gois (IBI-14890), Minas Gerais (IBI-14947), So Paulo (IBI14562). Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis, native in South Africa, is widely distributed in warmer regions wherever oranamental Pelargonium spp. of the zonale type are grown. These plants often are given the common name of geraniums. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered or often in circles on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 21-29 x 19-22 m, broadly ovoid to subglobose, walls 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate, pores 2, equatorial. Telia rarely formed, teliospores sometimes mixed in uredinia, 36-50 x 16-24 m, ellipsoid to clavate, rounded to somewhat narrowed above, rounded or somewhat narrowed at the base, slightly constricted at the septum, lateral walls 1-2-3 m thick, apical wall up to 5 m thick, germ pores apical and just below the septum, pedicel up to 40x 7 m, rather short, persistent, colorless. If heavely infected, the leaves become yellowish, may die, and the plants may stop blooming. Three other species of Puccinia have been named on Pelargonium, all from the Southern Hemisphere. Puccinia granularis Kalchbrenner & Cooke, from South Africa, has urediniospore walls 3-3.5 m thick, a trait that separates it from P. pelargonii-zonalis with urediniospore walls 1.5-2 m thick.. Doidge (1926) placed P. pelargoni H. Sydow & P. Sydow as a synonym of P. granularis and suggested that Puccinia morrisoni McAlpine from Australia is very similar and perhaps should also be considered a synonym of P. granularis. Spermogonia and aecia with Aecidium morphology have been reported for P. granularis and P. morrisoni but not for P. pelargonii-zonalis. Puccinia penniseti Zimmerman, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew. PUCCINIA PEPEROMIAE Lindquist, Rev. Facult. Agr. La Plata. 29: 41. 1953. TYPE on Peperomia sp. from Argentina, Tucumn: camino a Taf del Valle, falda este del Aconquija, 11 Nov 1952, A. T. Hunziker-10085. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo peperomiae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (69). 1899. TYPE on Peperomia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, October 1887, Ule-1500. = Uredo piperis P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (70). 1899. TYPE on Piper sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro Museum park, July 1895, Ule-2159. On Piperaceae.

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Peperomia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899A: (69)). Piper sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899A: (70); Dietel, 1899: 256; Hennings, 1904A: 79), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 107; Puttemans 266). In addition to Brazil, an anamorph of Puccinia peperomiae has been reported also from Peru, Colombia, and Puerto Rico. Telia have been reported only from Argentina. Puccinia perfuncta H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA GIBERTII Spegazzini. PUCCINIA PERTRITA H.S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 116. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia lessingioides Schultz-Bipontius [= Lepidaploa barbata (Lessing) H. Robinson] from Brazil, So Paulo: Santa Anna, 28 May 1922, Holway-1901. (?/?,II/III). On Compositae: Vernonia cognata Lessing [= Chrysolaena platensis (Spring.) H. Robinson], So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:116). Vernonia lessingioides Schultz-Bipontius [= Lepidaploa barbata (Lessing) H. Robinson], So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:116; PUR-F7926). Vernonia sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:116). Puccinia pertrita has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or more often abaxial; many; widely scattered; erumpent or epidermal rupture conspicuous; 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter; round; pulverulent or naked late; cinnamon brown. Urediniospores globoid; 26-26 m long; 22-22 m wide; cell wall 1.5-2 m thick; cinnamon; closely and finely echinulate; germ pores scattered randomly; 4, 5, and 6. Telia usually abaxial or on both sides of leaves; widely scattered; many; round; 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter; dark brown; powdery; teliospores 45-60 x 30-36 m, broadly ellipsoid or oblong; umbonate at apex, thickened at apex, or rounded at apical end; rounded at pedicel; slightly constricted at septum; wall 3-5 m thick; 6-8 m at germ pores of both cells, wall dark chestnut brown; inconspicuously verrucose-rugose; pedicel shorter than spore, breaking off at spore, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Jackson reported that Puccinia pertrita is separable from other species of Puccinia on Vernonia by its large, 45-60 x 30-36 m, essentially smooth and thick-walled teliospores, and large, 22-26 m diam, globose urediniospores with walls nearlly colorless, and finely and closely echinulate with 4-6 scattered pores. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia peruviana Sydow, see PROSPODIUM PERUVIANUM (P. & H. Sydow) Cummins. PUCCINIA PESTIBILIS H.S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 117. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia oppositifolia Lessing [= Critoniopsis stellata (Spreng.) H. Robinson], Compositae, from Bazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 20 Oct 1921, Holway-1233. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Puccinia pestibilis has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, sori few; deep-seated; 105-120 m wide; in close groups; punctiform and flask-shaped; 120-150 m high (thick); ostiolar filaments short. Aecia on adaxial side of leaves, few, densly grouped, and surrounding the spermogonia; small; peridial cells irregularly polyhedral, 45-60 x 20-28 m; wall prominently verrucose-rugoseI; aeciospores 30-36 x 20-24 m, broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, prominently verrucose-tuberculate, colorless. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, few; widely scattered, 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter, becoming naked, epidermal rupture inconspicuous, pulverulent; round, pale cinnamon brown; paraphyses 40-50 x 12-15 m, straight or curved, few, wall uniformly thin, colorless or tinted. Urediniospores 28-34 x 22-27 m, obovoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, colorless or pale golden-brown, sparsely but strongly echinulate, pores 4, 5, or 6, scattered, obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm across, widely scattered and densly grouped, erumpent, epidermal rupture inconspicuous, pulvinate, chestnut-brown, becoming ashy-gray in color; paraphyses like the uredinial paraphyses; teliospores 50-80 x 23-30 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid; rounded or obtuse apically; narrowed or rounded at pedicel, slightly constricted at septum; wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides; thickened 4-10 m at apex and septum of lower cell; smooth, pale cinnamon-brown; pedicel equal to spore or shorter, colorless (Jackson, 1932).

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Puccinia pestibilis is one of a group having light colored, smooth teliospore walls, thickened at the apex. It differs from P. fundata in the character of the markings of the urediniospores and from P. deprecanea in aeciospore characters, and in the absence of conspicuous paraphyses. The latter are present, but very poorly developed. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA PHRAGMITIS (Schumacher) Koernicke, Hedwigia 15:179. 1876.. (0/Icv IIpe/III). ' Uredo phragmitis Schumacher, Enum. Pl. Saell. 2: 231. 1803. TYPE, Cummins (1971) reported that in this publication telia described" and designated the NEOTYPE as Koernicke, on Phragmites communis, Waldau (Ostprussen) (B). Anamorph Aecidium rubellum Persoon is reported by Cummins (1971) on species of Fagopyrum, Polygonum, Reynoutria, Rumex, and Rheum, all in Polygonaceae, but not known from South America. On Gramineae: Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trinius ex Steud. (reported as Phragmites communis Trinius), Rio de Janeiro (Silveira, 1977:42). In South America Puccinia phragmitis has been reported also in Argentina and Chile and is widespread otherwise especially in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The single report known from Brazil requires confirmation. Spermogonia and aecia, Aecidium rubellum Persoon, occur on species of Fagopyrum, Polygonum, Reynoutria, Rumex, and Rheum; aeciospores 16-23 x 15-19 m, ellipsoid or broadly so, wall thick, colorless, prominently verrucose, commonly in a band. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (23-)26-33(-36) x l8-)20-24(-26) m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 2.5-4 m thick, yellow to golden brown, echinulate, germ pores (3)4 or 5(6), equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, exposed, large, deeply pulvinate, chocolate-brown; teliospores (36-)40-60(-66-74) x (l6-)l9-24(-28) m, ellipsoid, wall (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) m thick at sides, 5-8(10) m apically, the apex usually a paler umbo, deep golden brown to clear chestnut-brown, long narrow spores usually are paler than the robust ones, smooth; pedicels to 200 m long, persistent, colorless or tinted, thick-walled, not collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Traits that help to identify Puccinia phragmitis include sori without paraphyses, urediniospore walls 2.5-4 m thick, echinulate, germ pores equatorial, mostly 4-5, teliospores mostly less than 24 m wide [(36)40-60(-66;-74) x (16-)19-24(-28) m], apical wall 5-8(-10) m thick, the apex usually a paller umbo, pedicel thick-walled, not collapsing, colorless to lightly tinted, to 200 m long. Puccinia picrosiae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA ARGENTINA Spegazzini. PUCCINIA PICTURATA H.S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23:363. 1931. TYPE reported as on Heteropterys sp. (perhaps the host is Stigmaphyllon sp.) from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Juis de Fora, 17 Dec 1921, Holway-1401. (?/?,II/III). On Malpighiaceae: ? Heteropterys sp. or Stigmaphyllon sp., Amap (IBI-16093), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931:363). Puccinia picturata has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side, scattered, cinnamon-brown, round, 0.5-0.8 mm across, tardely naked, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, urediniospores 35-45 x 32-40 m, broadly ellipsoid, or obovoid, approaching globoid, wall 6-9 m thick, often gradually thickening toward the apex to 12 m, 2-layered, the outer nearly colorless, the inner goldenbrown, strongly, sparsely, and sharply echinulate, the echinulae spaced 6-8 m apart, and reaching a height of 2.5 m. Telia like the uredinia, blackish, teliospores 38-46 x 25-32 m, ellipsoid or oblong, rounded at either end, slightly or not constricted, wall opaque in water mount, appearing to be of two layers in lacto-phenol, the outer thin, slightly tinted golden-brown, the inner thick, dull blackish brown, 3.5-5 m thick, slightly thickened to 7.5 m on side with pores, noticeably ruggose-reticulate by anastomosing ridges having an

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uneven edge, especially in the upper part of the spore, tending to be smooth on the side to which the pedicel is attached; pedicel colorless, below, inflated to a depressed globoid sack 20-25 m wide at point of attachement which is usually on one side near the septum, the wall on side of swelling next to the spore often slightly tinted brownish, pedicel usually deciduous at lower side of inflation (Jackson, 1931). See under Puccinia banisteriae for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae. Puccinia pilgeriana P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew. PUCCINIA PILOCARPI Cooke, Grevillea 9:11. 1880. TYPE on Pilocarpus sellowanus from Paraguay, place and date not reported, Balansa-1290. (-/-,-/III). = Puccinia parodii Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10:133. 1880. TYPE on Pilocarpus pinnata Martius from Paraguay, place and date not reported, Parodi s.n. = Puccinia sebastianiae (H.) Sydow in Theissen, Ann. Mycol. 8:452. 1910. TYPE on Pilocarpus pinnatifolius Lemaire (mistakenly reported originally as on Sebastinia sp., Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: So Leopoldo, 1907, Rick-194. = Puccinia cumula Arthur & Cummins, Ann. Mycol. 31: 41. 1933. TYPE on Pilocarpus sp. (mistakenly reported originally as Eugenia sp., Myrtaceae) from Brazil, Bahia: Toca de Ona, 27-29 June 1915, J. N. Rose & P. G. Russell-20123. On Rutaceae: Pilocarpus pinnatifolius Lemaire, Gois (Hennings, 1895A:93), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Ceto, 1963:130). Pilocarpus selloanus Engler, Rio Grande do Sul (Juel, 1897:21; IAN-720). Pilocarpus sp., Brazil (Rick, 1907B:335), Bahia (Arthur & Cummins, 1933: 41). Puccinia pilocarpi has been reported from Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, compact, firm, blackish, in round groups 2-5 mm across, confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epicermis; teliospores 40-76 x 18-24 m, oblong to sub clavate, rounded or somewhat narrowed at apex, narrowed or rarely rounded at the base, not or slightly constricted at the septum, wall 3-3.5 m thick at sides, 4-6 m thick at apex, dark chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicel up to 200 m long, persistent, brownish near the spore (The Sydows, 1903; Lindquist, 1982). Lindquist and Costa Neto (1963) first reported that Puccinia sebastianiae was a synonym of P. pilocarpi. PUCCINIA PINDORAMAE Vigas, Bragantia 5:40. 1945. TYPE on Phytolacca sp., Phytolaccaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Pindorama, Agronomy Institute Experiment Station at Pindorama, 20 Jan 1925, H. P. Krug & A. S. Costa s.n. (IAC-572). (-/-,-/III). Puccinia pindoramae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Vigas (1945) reported that except for its host, Puccinia pindoramae resembles very closely Puccinia heterospora, which infects species in the Malvaceae. Spermogonuia, aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, blackish brown, punctiform, usually arranged in dense groups 2-3 mm across, becoming cinerous at maturity by germination, teliospores 25-50 x 15-25 m, variable in form, often oblong, constricted or not at the septum, wall slightly thickened at the apex, one-celled teliospores present but not numerous, these 25-26 x 20-22 m (Vigas, 1945). PUCCINIA PINGUIS Dietel, Hedwigia 36:32. 1897 (February). TYPE on Vernonia platensis Lessing [ Chrysolaena platensis Llessing) H. Robinson], from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra Geral, Feb 1891, Ule-1692. (?/?,?/III). Not Puccinia pinguis Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) (Crawfordsville) 24: 34. 1897 (July) on Brickelia sp. from Mexico. On Compositae: Vernonia declivium Malme, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956:476). Vernonia platensis Lessing [ Chrysolaena platensis Llessing) H. Robinson], Serra Geral (Dietel, 1897:32).

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The label of Ules collection number 1692 in HBG states that the month of collection was March but in the publication by Dietel the month is recorded as February. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia cinnamon brown or darker; spores (23-)26-32(-35) x 23-29 m broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, 18-23(-25) m wide, ellipsoid or oblong ellipsoid with pores lateral, wall 2-3(-4) m thick, thinner on pore-bearing sides, dark cinnamon brown, echinulate, pores 2. Teliospores (35-)40-52(-60) x 30-37 m, broadly ellipsoid, wall 4-6(-7) ) m thick at sides, 8-10 m over pores by a paler umbo, chestnut brown, pore of upper cell apical or subapical, of lower cell midway to hilum, smooth; pedicels to 75 m long but usually shorter. (Cummins, 1978) At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia piptadeniae P. Hennings, see DIORCHIDIUM PUIGGARII Spegazzini. PUCCINIA PIPTOCARPHAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 240. 1896. LECTOTYPE on Piptocarpha oblonga (Gardner) Baker from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Nov 1888, Ule-1317. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Puccinia leptoderma Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 251. 1899. TYPE on Piptocarpha sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Mau, August 1896, Ule-2334. On Compositae: Piptocarpha axillaris Baker, So Paulo (Puttemans-1332). Piptocarpha cinerea (Schultz-Bip.) Baker, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932:103). Piptocarpha oblonga (Gardner) Baker, Brasilia, D.F. (PUR-F18751, as Puccinia leptoderma). Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896:240), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:103). Piptocarpha sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B:158), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932:103), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 251, as Puccinia leptoderma), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:103; Puttemans-1322; PUR-F18895, as Puccinia leptoderma). Puccinia piptocarphae has been reported only from Brazil. Sori on abaxial side of leaves, very small, scattered or in small groups, without paraphyses. Uredinia yellow-brown, pulverulent, urediniospores 29-34 x 17-32 m (Jackson, 1918), m, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall densely echinulate, pores (3-)4, scattered with hyaline cuticular caps.. Telia on yellowish spots mostly on abaxial side of leaves in irregular groups, dark brown, subpulvinate, (Teliospores (30-44) 45-60(72)x ? 17-26 (26-33) m, broadly ellipsoid to clavate to oblong, rounded at apex, constricted at septum, rounded or somewhat narrowed below, smooth, yellowish-brown, pore apical in upper cell, at septum in lower cell, pedicel more or less as long as spore, collapsing, colorless) teliospores 35-58 x 19-27 m or 45-60 x 2734 m, (Sydows, 1902), 45-56(-60) x 26-29 m (Jackson, 1918, 1932), , clavate, ellipsoid to oblong, rounded above, constricted at septum, rounded or narrowed below, wall 1-2 m thick, 2-3 m around pores wall 1 m or less thick, a little thicker at apex to 2.5 m, smooth, yellowish-brown, pedicel short, colorless, fragile. (Sydows, 1902; Jackson, 1932). We place Puccinia leptoderma, for which only telia have been reported, as a synonym of Puccinia piptocarphae because the size of teliospores of these two taxa overlap. PUCCINIA PIPTOCHAETII Dietel & Neger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27:3. 1899. TYPE on Piptochaetium sp. from Chile, near Concepcion, Neger. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Piptochaetium lasianthum Grisebach, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963:115). Puccinia piptochaetii has been reported also from Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Uruguay. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves and on sheaths, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (17-)19-25(-27) x (l4-)l7-2l(-23) m, mostly obovoid, wall thick but thicker when immature, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores (2)3(4), equatorial. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves and on sheaths, blackish brown, early exposed, pulvinate; teliospores (25-)30-43(-45) x (l4-)l6-2l(-23) m, variable but mostly ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, the apex usually conical; wall (1-)1.5-2) m thick at sides, (3-)4-7 m apically, deep golden or clear chestnut-brown except the conical apex paler, smooth; pedicels to 50 m long, thin-walled and collapsing, colorless (Cummins, 1971).

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Puccinia pisi DeCandolle, see UROMYCES PISI (DeCandolle) Otth. PUCCINIA PITCAIRNIAE Lagerheim in Dietel & Lagerheim, Bull. Soc. Myc. France 11:214. 1895. TYPE on Pitcairnia sp. from Ecuador: Panoptico near Quito, date not reported, Lagerheim s.n. On Bromeliaceae: Pitcairnia palmeri S. Watson, Brazil (Silveira, 1951:223). The occurrence of Puccinia pitcairniae in Brazil needs to be confirmed. Cummins and Pollack (1974) listed no specimens from Brazil. They recognized two subspecies: P. p. subspecies pitcairniae from Ecuador and P. p. subspecies chapalensis from Mexico. Puccinia pithecoctenii Pazschke, see PROSPODIUM PITHECOCTENII (Pazschke) Cummins. Puccinia pittieriana P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43:147. 1904. TYPE on Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus from Costa Rica, Volcano Irazu, September 1903, Pittier-s.n. (-/-,-/III). The report of Puccinia pittieriana in Brazil on Lycopersicon esculentum Miller (Solanaceae) from Esprito Santo by Hennen et al. (1982) was based on a report by Silveira (1951:223). Later we examined the specimen on which the report was based and determined that the host and rust were misidentified. The host is an unidentified genus of Sapindaceae and the rust is Puccinia arechavaletae Spegazzini. Puccinia pittieriana has been reported on Solanum spp. and Lycopersicon esculentum in the Andean region of South America, Central America, and Mexico. Puccinia plucheae Arthur, see PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins. Puccinia poae-nemoralis Otth, see Puccinia brachypodii var. arrhenatheri (Klebahn) Cummins & H. C. Greene. PUCCINIA POARUM Nielson, Bot. Tiddsskr. III, 2:34. 1877. LECTOTYPE on Poa trivialis from Denmark. Designated by Greene and Cummins, 1967. (0/I IIpe/III). Anamorph Aecidium tussilaginis Persoon. Reported on seven genera of Compositae by Cummins (1971) but none from South America. On Gramineae: Calamagrostis montevidensis Nees, Paran (Arthur, 1925:165; IBI-1706), Rio de Janeiro (Arthur, 1925:165; IBI-1704), So Paulo (Arthur, 1925:165, IBI-1705.). Poa annua Linnaeus, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896:244. This record not reported by Greene & Cummins, 1967). Cummins (1971) reported Puccinia poarum on nine genera of grasses and from Europe to China and North and South America and twelve teleomorph synonyms. Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium tussilaginis Persoon on species of Brickelia, Helenium, Liatris, Ophryosporus, Petasites, Senecio, Tussilago, as first demonstrated by Nielsen, loc. cit. Not reported from South America). Aeciospores (18-)20-(-31) x (l5-)l8-24(-27) m, wall 0.-5-)1(-l-5) m thick, incompletely verrucose-echinulate. Uredinia mostly on adaxial side of leaves, bright orange-yellow when fresh, usually without but occasionally with a few short, capitate, peripheral paraphyses; urediniospores (21-)23-30(-37) x (l4-)l7-24(-26) m, mostly obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1-5 m thick, colorless or pale yellowish, echinulate, pores scattered, (4-)5-8, very obscure. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, covered by the epidermis, with variable development of colorless or brownish paraphyses but the sori rarely loculate; teliospores (36-)40-58(-65;-77) x (l4-)l7-25(-28) m, mostly elongately obovoid or oblong-clavate, wall 0.5-1.5 m thick at sides, (2-)3-6(-8) m apically, chestnut-brown above, golden basally; pedicels 15 m or less long, colorless or yellowish (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia poarum is difficult to distinguish from P. recondita but has paler yellow uredinia and urediniospores and usually fewer telial paraphyses. Traits that help to identify Puccinia poarum include: uredinia not in chlorotic streaks, usually without paraphyses, urediniospores usually 30 m or less long [(21)23-30(-37) x 14-)17-24(-26) m], wall 1.5 m thick, yellowish, echinulate, germ pores scattered [(-4)5-8, very obscure], telia covered by the epidermis, with variable development of colorless or brownish paraphyses,

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not or rarely loculate, teliospores usually more than 42 m long [36-)40-58(-65;-77) x (14-)17-25(-28) m], teliospore pedicels less than 40 m long (15 m or less long) (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia polygoni Albertini & Schweinitz, see PUCCINIA POLYGONI-AMPHIBII Persoon. PUCCINIA POLYGONI-AMPHIBII Persoon, Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 227, 1801. TYPE on Polygonum amphibii var. terrestre from Europe. (0/I II/III). = Puccinia polygoni Albertini & Schweintiz, Consp. Fung. 127. 1805. ' Dicaeoma polygoni-amphibii Arthur, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1898: 184. 1899. Synanamorphs Aecidium geranii-maculati Schweinitz, Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 67. 1822. Uredo polygoni Schumacher; Enum. Pl. Saell. 2: 233. 1803. On Polygonaceae: Persicaria setacea (Boldw.) Small, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:302). Polygonum acre Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967:61),Santa Catarina (Schroeter, 1875: 169, as Puccinia polygoni Pers.; Hennings, 1897: 233 as Puccinia polygoni Pers.), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945:41; IAC-1082). Polygonum convolvulus Linnaeus., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963:121). Polygonum punctatum Elliott, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1927:55; IBI-1708), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F19233). Polygonum sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1927:55; IBI-1707). This nearly cosmopolitan heteroecious species has been reported on many species of Polygonum. See Arthur et al. (1907) for a list of thirteen synonyms for this species. At least six varieties have been recognized in the North Temperate zone where spermogonia and aecia occur on species of Geranium (Geraniaceae). The variety that occurs in Brazil has not been identified. PUCCINIA POLYPOGONIS Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19:300. 1909. TYPE on Polypogon monspeliensis (Linaeus) Desfontaines from Argentina, Patagonia: Lago Muster, Dec 1902, Spegazzini-sn. (?/? II/III). Anamorph Uredo polypogonis Spegazinni, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6:240. 1899. A LECTOTYPE needs to be chosen from the four or five specimens listed by Spegazzini, from Argentina. On Gramineae: Polypogon elongatus Kunth, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:302; IBI1709), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967:58). Puccinia polypogonis has been reported also from Argentina, Uruguay, and South Africa. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (22-)24-28(-30) x (20-)22-26 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall (1-5-)2-2.5(-3) m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 5-7(-8), with conspicuous caps, scattered. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, compact, blackish brown; teliospores (35-)40-55(-60) x (I7-)20-24(-30) m, varying from broadly clavate to ellipsoid, wall (2.5)3-4 m thick at sides, 4-6(-8) m apically, deep golden brown, smooth; pedicels to 70 m long but usually broken shorter, colorless to brownish, mostly collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Cummins (1971) could not confirm the identifications that Arthur (1925) reported as Puccinia polypogonis on Polypoogon elongatus in Holway's collections from Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and So Paulo. He stated that they are mistaken, but he could not identify the material because it contained only uredinia. PUCCINIA POLYSORA Underwood, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:86. 1897. TYPE on Tripsacum dactyloides from The United States of America, Alabama: Auburn, Oct 1891, Duggar. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Tripsacum australe Cutler & Anderson, Par (Albuquerque, 1971:148; IAN-541). Tripsacum laxum Nash, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F17289). Tripsacum sp., Par (IBI-13244), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967-58).

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Zea mays Linnaeus, Bahia (IBI-17574), Minas Gerais (IBI-14448), Par (Albuquerque, 1971:148; IAN-619), Paran (IBI-15419), So Paulo (IBI-17772). Puccinia polysora is one of the three rusts that infect Zea mays. This rust has been responsible for severe epiphytotics in various regions of the world, the most natable is the one in Africa that occurred during the late 1940s and early 1950s. This rust seems to be especially adapted to warmer regions as compared to Puccinia sorghi. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brawn; urediniospores 29-36(-40) x (20-)23-29 m, mostly ellipsoid or obovoid, often angular, wall 1-1.5 m thick, echinulate, golden or yellowish, germ pores 4 or 5, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, covered by the epidermis, indehiscent, small, blackish brown; teliospores 29-41 x (18-)20-27 m, usually angularly ellipsoid or oblong but highly variable, wall evenly 1.5 m thick or very slightly thicker apically, cbestnut-brown, smooth, very brittle; pedicels yellow or brownish, thin-walled, to 30 m long; 1-celled teliospores often abundant (Cummins, 1971). Cummins (1941) reported traits that clearly separate the three species of rusts that infect Zea mays. The two species of Puccinia have teliospores with pedicels. Puccinia polysora has telia that are covered by the epidermis, unlike those of Puccinia sorghi which are erumpent. Phakopsora zeae has teliospores in vertical rows that form two or three layers of teliospores. PUCCINIA POROPHYLLI P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 39: (153). 1900. TYPE on Porophyllum ellipticum Cassini from Venezuela, Caracas, June 1899, Moritz-255 (Prof. Urban). (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo aperta Winter in Rabenhorst, Hedwigia 26: 24. 1887. TYPE on Porophyullum ruderale (Jacquin) Cassini from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, July 1884, Ule-56. On Compositae: Porophyllum ellipticum (Linnaeus.) Cassini, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:302), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963:143). Porophyllum ruderale (Jacquin) Cassini, Federal District (PUR-F18107), Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17202), Mato Grosso (IBI-16133), Minas Gerais (IBI-14491), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892:96), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945:41, 79; IAC-1444; IBI-12514). Puccinia porophylli has been reported from Argentina to Mexico on at least seven species of Porophyllum. Lindquist (1982) found aecia on specimens from Mendoza and Crdoba in Argentina and was first to describe them in detail. Spermogonia and delicate peridiate aecia have been reported (Davidson, Mycologia 24:227. 1932) but without a description. Uredinia 0.1-1 mm across, scattered mostly on undersides of leaves, blister-like at first, erumpent, ruptured epidermis usually obvious, cinnamon-brown, powdery, a few peripheral paraphyses usually present, these 35-85 x 10-19 m, narrowly oblong, usually collapsing laterally, wall 0.5-1 m thick, colorless to pale orange, urediniospores 19-26 (27) x 18-22 m globoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, closely verrucose-echinulate, pale yellow to pale cinnamon-brown, pores usually obscure, or 6-8, scattered or sometimes appearing as in two bands, with slight caps. Telia 0.2-0.9 mm across, mostly on undersides of leaves, sometimes on stems, scattered, circular or sometimes elongate, then up to 2 mm long, blackish-brown, pulvinate, not powdery but not tightly compact; paraphyses sometimnes present similar to those in the uredinia, teliospores (33-)35-49 x 25-35 m, broadly ellipsoid, slightly obovoid to oblong, not or only slightly constricted at the septum, rounded above and below, or sometimes obtuse above, wall (3-)4-10 m thick above, 3-6 m thick on sides of upper cell, appearing smooth, very closely verrucose under oil, pore of upper cell apical or slightly to one side, pore of lower cell at septum, both usually obscure, pedicel up to 130 m long, light yellow, a little darker next to spore, usually not collapsing laterally. Puccinia porri (Sowerby) Winter, see PUCCINIA ALLII Rudolphi. PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 21:691. 1912. nom. nov. for Puccinia andropogonicola Spegazzini. (?/? IIpe/III). Puccinia andropogonicola Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19:299. 1909 (Dec). TYPE on Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Ness (reported as Andropogon condensatus Kunth) from Argentina, Misiones: Posadas, Jan 1901, Spegazzini-s.n. (Not P. andropogonicola Hariot & Patouilard, May 1909, from French Congo, Africa).

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= Puccinia venustula Arthur, Mycologia 10:128. 1918. TYPE on Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Buse (reported as Andropogon brevifolius Sw. from Costa Rica, Orotina, Dec 1915, Holway-317. = Puccinia kaernbachii Arthur, [as " (P. Henn.) comb. nov."] Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46:110. 1919. The name needs to be ascribed to Arthur alone and not as a "comb. nov" of Uredo kaernbachii P. Hennings. A lectotype needs to be chosen from the two specimens on Schizachyrium scoparium var. stoloniferum (Nash) Wipff. [reported as Andropogon stolonifera (Nash) Hitchcock] from Florida, United States of America, that Arthur cited and used as the source of data for description of telia. Cummins (1963) reported that Uredo kaernbachii P. Hennings {Bot Jahrb. 18: (Beibl. 44:23). 1894] probably belongs to Puccinia nakanishiki Arthur, an Old World rust that infects Cymbopogon citratus, lemon grass. Anamorph Uredo andropogonicola Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19:315. 1909. TYPE on Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Ness (reported as =Andropogon condensatus Kunth),from Argentina, Tucumn, Spegazzini-s.n. = Uredo venustula Arthur, Mycologia 8:21. 1916. TYPE on Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Buse (reported as Andropogon brevifolius Sw.) from Puerto Rico, Las marias, July 1915, Stevens-8147. On Gramineae: Andropogon bracteatus Willdenow, Paran (Joerstad, 1959:64). Andropogon macrothrix Trinius, Minas Gerais (Cummins, 1953:22). Andropogon sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:300; So Paulo (Cummins, 1953:22;). [Imperata brasiliensis Trinius, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:300)]. [Imperata contracta (Kunth) Hitchcock, Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1953:22)]. Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Ness (reported as Andropogon condensatus Kunth), Maranho (PUR-F11316), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:300; Cummins, 1953:22), Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1953:21; IBI-1685), Rio Grande do Sul ( Joerstad, 1959:64), So Paulo (Cummins, 1953:22). Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston [reported as Andropogon semiberbris (Nees) Kunth], Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:300). Schizachyrium scabriflorum (Ruprecht ex Hackel) A. Camus, Ann [reported as Andropogon scabriliflorus Ruprecht, Mato Grosso (Cummins, 1953:22). Schizachyrium sulcatum (Ekman) S. T. Blake [reported as Andropogon sulcatus Ekman], Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1959:64). Puccinia posadensis has been reported from Argentina to the Southern United States of America. The identifications of the hosts reported as Imperata sp. may be incorrect. Cummins suggested that they may actually be Andropogon sp. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Sori mostly in abaxial surface of leaves. Uredinia dark cinnamon-brown, with pale golden to cinnamon-brown, capitate paraphyses, the wall 2.5 m thick in stipe, 5-10 m thick in apex; urediniospores (26-)28-33(-35) x 19-25 m, mostly obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, usually darker apically, echinulate, pores 4 or 5, equatorial. Telia blackish brown, compact, early exposed; teliospores (33-)36-50(-58)x (15-)17-20(-24) m, mostly elongate obovoid or oblong-obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, (4-)6-9 m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 20 m long, usually shorter, thick-walled, not collapsing, brown, persistent (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA PRAECULTA H. S. Jackson & Holway, Mycologia 24: 150-151. 1932. TYPE on Baccharis sp. from Bolivia, Sur Yungus: San Felipe, 21 May 1920, Holway-635. (0/Ic,IIpe/III). On Compositae Baccharis sp., Santa Catarina (Ule-964, in HBG). Puccinia praeculta has been reported also from Bolivia and Ecuador. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves along the leaf veins, in small groups, globoid to conidal, periphyses 40-60 m long. Aecia mostly on abaxial or sometimes on adaxial side of leaves, 0.8-1.0 mm long, opening by longitudinal slits, ruptured epidermis evident, without peridia, powdery; aeciospores catenulate, (28-)30-42 x (14-)18-24 m, narrowly ellipsoid to obovoid; wall (1.5-)2(2.5) m thick, apex 3-6 m, with sparse, irregular longitudinal ridges, spaced 3-5 m apart. Uredinia uncertain, urediniospores in telia,

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pedicelate, 20-25 x 18-21 m, about globoid or broadly ovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, finely and thickly echinulate, brown, pores 2, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.3-0.8 mm across, scatered or in groups, pale chestnut-brown, pulvinate, compact, becoming ashy gray by germination, ruptured epidermis not evident; teliospores 40-50(-54) x 21-30 m, ellipsoid to clavate or irregular, rounded above, rounded to narrowed to the pedicel, not or slightly constricted at the septum; wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, 5-10 m above, smooth, pale chestnut-brown; pedicel about as long as or shorter than the spore, hyaline, sometimes inserted laterally (Jackson, 1932; H. Sydow, 1939; Lindquist, 1958). This record of Puccinia praeculta in Brazil is based on a previously unidentified collection made by E. Ule from Blumenau, Santa Catarina, July 1888 in the Hamburg Botanical Garden Herbarium. The identification is tentative because only a very few rust sori are present. An old Caeoma anamorph sorus has mostly collapsed spores with very distinctive traits as reported by Jackson (1932): walls have sparsely placed longitudinal ridges, these sometimes extending the length of the spore or sometimes they are interrupted elongate markings. They may be strictly longitudinal or oblique, giving a somewhat spiral effect. Teliospores in the Ule collection are around 45-50 x 15-20 m, narrowly ellipdoid to somewhat clavate, rounded above and narrowed below, often with a paler umbo over both the pore in the upper cell and in the lower cell, lateral wall about 1 m thick, apical wall including the umbo 4-6 m, smooth, pale chestnut-brown to cinnamon-brown; pedicel about as long as the spore, thin-walled, colorless. PUCCINIA PRAEDICTA H.S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24:152. 1932. LECTOTYPE to be selected from amomg the collections from So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro reported by Jackson & Holway. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Baccharis serrulata DeCandolle, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:152). Baccharis sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932:152), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:152). Puccinia praedicta has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia commonly in groups on yellowish spots mostly on adaxial side of leaves, or scattered on both sides of leaves, often arranged concentrically, round, 0.2-0.8 mm. across, yellowish, tardily naked, powdery, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; urediniospores 26-33 x 22-24 m, obovoid; wall 2-2.5 m thick, finely and rather sparsely echinulate, colorless or slightly tinted, pores obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, small, round, 0.2-0.6 mm. across, light chestnut brown, becoming ashy-gray through germination, early naked, applanate becoming pulvinate, ruptured epidermis usually not noticeable; teliospores 33-44 x 20-22 m, ellipsoid, oblong or subclavate, rounded above, rounded or occasionally narrowed to pedicel below, not or slightly constricted at septum; wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 57 m at apex and at the angles in the upper cell, cinnamon brown, smooth; pedicel equalling the spore or shorter, colorless (Jackson, 1932). The species suggests P. montserrates Mayor, but differs in several characters. The teliospores of that species have thicker, darker colored walls and the urediniospores are considerably larger and the echinulate markings more closely placed. Although Jackson (1932) placed Uredo baccharidicola as an anamorph of Puccinia praedicta, Lindquist (1958) reported that it should not be included in that species, but kept as an unconnected anamorph. Uredo Baccharidis Spegazzini (1884) was based on two collections on Baccharis sp. made by Balansa (3434 and 3437) in Paraguay. This name was found untenable, as there was already a Uredo Baccharidis Lv. (1846), and Spegazzini, in 1925, renamed the species Uredo baccharidicola. At that time he recorded the above collections and others (one of which was collected in So Paulo, Brazil (Uster 10)) as on Baccharis serrulata. Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. Baccharis, a New World genus of about 380 known species, harbors at least 53 species of Puccinia (Lindquist, 1957), more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. PUCCINIA PROCERULA H.S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24:181. 1932. TYPE on Senecio pellucidinervis Schultz-Bipontius from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, 18 May 1922, Holway-1865. (?/?,II/III). On Compositae: Senecio pellucidinervis Schultz-Bipontius, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 181; PUR-F8469).

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PUCCINIA PROLUVIOSA H.S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 181. 1932. TYPE on Senecio pellucidinervis Schultz-Bipontius from Brazil, So Paulo: Campos do Jordo, 24 Apr 1922, Holway-1767. (?/?,II/III). On Compositae: Senecio pellucidinervis Schultz-Bipontius, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932:181) Puccinia proluviosa has been reported lso from Argentina and Ecuador. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. II. Uredosoris epiphyllis, in maculis decoloratis singulatim dispositis, bullatis, castaneo-brunneis, 0.3-0.6 mm. diam., tarde nudis, non conspicue pulverulentis, epidermide inflata diu tectis; uredosporis ellipsoideis vel obovatis, 23-26 x 32-38 m, tunica pallide castaneo-brunnea 1.5-2 m cr. sparse prominenterque echinulata et poris 2 aequatorialibus praeditis. III. Teleutosoris hypophyllis, sparsis vel gregariis, 0.2-0.4 mm. diam., castaneo-brunneis, dein germinando cinereis, mox nudis, applanatis, tandem pulvinatis; epidermide fissa primo visibili; teleutosporis oblongoclavatis vel ellipsoideis, 22-28 x 45-72 m, supra rotundatis, infra rotundatis vel contractis, septo constrictulis; tunica cinnamomeo- vel pallide castaneo-brunnea, in cellula inferiore 1-1.5 m cr. sed in cellula superiore leniter paulatimque ad 2-2.5 m incrassata, levi; pedicello hyalino, sporam aequante vel saepius breviore. Senecio pellucidinervis Sch. Bip. Campos do Jordo, So Paulo, Brazil, Apr. 24, 1922, 1767. This species, while obviously related to the two preceding, differs markedly from P. procerula in that the teliospores are essentially unthickened at the apex, and from P. majuscula in the much smaller, narrower teliospores, as well as in urediniospore pore characters. Whether or not the epiphyllous uredinia in this species are primary could not be determined. They are badly parasitized in our material and no pycnia could be detected.

PUCCINIA PROMATENSIS R. Berndt, Mycologia 91: 1046. 1999. type on Caleaphyllolepis Baker, Compositae, from Brazil Rio Grande do Sul: So Francisco de Paula, Pro Mata, March 1997, W. Maier-s.n. (?/?,IIcv/III). Puccina promatensis has been reported only from the type. The uredinia have the morphology of the anamorph genus Aecidium. Puccinia pruni-spinosae Persoon, see TRANZSCHELIA DISCOLOR Tranzschel & Litvinow. PUCCINIA PSEUDOATRA Cummins, Mycologia 34:688. 1942. TYPE on Paspalum pallidum Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Ecuador: Quito, Aug 1920, Holway-954.(reported originally 30 as Puccinia macra in Holway, Reliq. Holw. 100) (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Digitaria insularis (Linnaeus.) Fedde, Rio de Janeiro (Ramachar and Cummins, 1965:58). Ramachar and Cummins (1965) recorded Puccinia pseudoatra on Digitaria from Brazil and also on Paspalum friom Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. But Cummins (1971) did not report this rust from Brazil, only from Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. New collections are required to confirm the presence of this species in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, pale cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (23-)24-27(-28) x (2l-)23-25(-26) m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, closely and finely verrucose, the wartlets often uniting in labyrinthiform patterns, germ pores (5)6-8, scattered. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, blackish brown, early exposed; teliospores (28-)31-37(-39) x (20-)22-25(-26) m, wall (2-)2.5-3.5 m thick at sides, 5-8 m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to about 90 m long, colorless, thick-walled or sometimes thin-walled and collapsing (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter, Hedwigia 23: 171. 1884. TYPE on Psidium guajava Linnaeus, reported as Psidium pomiferum, from Brazil, Santa Catarina, April 1884, Ule-14. All hosts of this rust are in the Myrtaceae. (-/-,IIpe/III). = Puccinia jambosae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 105. 1902. TYPE on Syzygium jambos

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(Linnaeus) Alston, reported as Jambosa vulgaris DeCandolle, Myrtaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo, 7 May 1901, Puttemans-223. = Puccinia cambucae Puttemans in Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 153. 1916. TYPE on Marlieria edulis Niedenzu, Myrtaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo, May 1911, Puttemans-411. = Puccinia brittoi Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 154. 1916. TYPE on Campomanesia maschalantha (O. Berg) Kiaersk. (reported originally as Abbevillea maschalantha O. Berg), Myrtaceae, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, January 1914, E. S. Britto-1036. = Puccinia barbacensis Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 154. 1916. TYPE on undetermined genus of Myrtaceae, ?Eugenia sp., from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Barbacena, March, 1911, Puttemans-296. = Puccinia grumixamae Rangel., Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 69. 1918. TYPE on Eugenia brasiliensis from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rangel-1515. = Puccinia eugeniae Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 16: 154. 1916. TYPE on Eugenia grandis Wight from Brazil, So Paulo, April, 1901, Puttemans 261. = Puccinia jambolana Rangel, Bol. Agr. So Paulo 21: 37. 1920. TYPE on Syzygium jambolanum DeCandolle, reported as Eugenia jambolana Lamarck, 1912, Rangel s. n. = Puccinia camargoi Puttemans, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 6: 314. 1930. TYPE on Melaleuca leucodendri Linnaeus from Brazil, So Paulo, Campinas, July 1930, Camargo s.n. = Puccinia actinostemonis H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 466. 1931. TYPE on undetermined genus of Myrtaceae, not Actinostemon sp., Euphorbiaceae, as originally reported, from Brazil, So Paulo: Lapa, 27 February 1922, Holway-1600. (?/?,II/III) Anamorph Caeoma eugeniarum Link in Linnaeus, Systema vegetabilium plant. 2: 29. 1825. TYPE literature not available. This seems to be the oldest available valid name for an anamorph of Puccinia psidii. If so, it needs to be transferred to a more appropriate genus = Uredo neurophila Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 122-123. 1884. TYPE on unidentified genus of Myrtaceae from Paraguay, Villa Rica, Jan 1882, Balansa-3466 (Fungi Guaranitica pug. 1, number 143). Puccinia neurophila (Spegazzini) Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 120. 1925. Telia not described. = Uredo flavidula Winter, Hedwigia 24: 260. 1885. TYPE on undetermined genus of Myrtaceae from Brazil, Santa Catarina, So Francisco, September 1884, Ule-41. = Uredo myrtacearum Pazschke in Rabenhorst & Winter, Hedwigia 29: 159. 1890. TYPE on Eugenia sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina, December 1883, Ule-10. = Uredo eugeniarum P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 337. 1895. TYPE on Eugenia sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, date not reported, Moller-227. = Aecidium glaziovii P. Hennings, Hedwigia 36: 216. 1897. TYPE on undetermined genus in Myrtaceae, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, date not reported, Glaziou-20621. Placement in Aecidium is in error. = Uredo pitanga Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 240. 1899. TYPE on Stenocalyis pitanga Berg, Uraguay, December, 1881, Arechavaleta s.n.. = Uredo puttemansii P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 106. 1902. TYPE on Myrtaceae, probably Melaleuca quinquinervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake (Melaleuca leucadendra) sp. from Brazil, So Paulo, Puttemans-197. Host is not Acacia, Leguminosae, as originally reported (specimen seen in IBI, fide JFH. Nov 1984 and March 1994). = Uredo goeldiana P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 42: (188). 1903. TYPE on Eugenia sp. from Brazil, Par, Belm, 1883, Goeldi s.n. = Uredo rochaei Puttemans, Revista Polytechnica So Paulo, no. 11, p. 272. 1906. TYPE reported on Myrciaria jaboticaba (Velloso) Berg, now known as Myrcia jaboticaba Berg, from Brazil, So Paulo, So Paulo, date not reported, A. Rocha s.n. = Uredo myrciae Mayor. Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 590. 1913. TYPE on Myrcia cf. acuminata (Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth) DeCandolle from Colombia, Medillin, 14 Aug 1910, Mayor-209. 18: 153. 1916.

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On Myrtaceae: Abbevillea moschalanthe, Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916: 154; HNR320), see Campomanesia moschalantha (O. Berg) Kiaerski below. Callistemon speciosus DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 42; IAC-4000). [Campomanesia aurea Berg, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 132), Santa Catarina (PUR-F17736). The rust was misidentified, it is Phakopsora rossmaniae Dianese et al.]. Campomanesia moschalantha (O. Berg) Kiaerski, Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916: 154). Eucalyptus ? capitata, Rio de Janeiro (IBI-4849). Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker, Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4198), So Paulo (Joffily, 1944: 475; IBI4617). Eucalyptus ? grandiflora, Minas Gerais (IBI-13501). Eucalyptus ? phoetricha, Minas Gerais (PUR-F19161). Eucalyptus sp., Esprito Santo (IBI-2883), Pernambuco (IBI-4351). Eugenia brasiliensis Lamarck, Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1918: 69). Eugenia ? cambucae, So Paulo (IBI-12065). Eugenia grandis Wight, So Paulo (Hennings, 1902: 106; Rangel,1916: 154). Eugenia pungens Berg, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 132; IBI-5003). Eugenia sp., Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 35; Rangel, 1916: 154; Thurston, 1940: 302), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 134), Rio de Janeiro(Dietel, 1899: 256; Sydows, 1907: 356: Jackson, 1931: 483), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1895: 337, 1896: 23), So Paulo (IBI2465). Eugenia uvalha Berg, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 42; IAC-1376; IBI- 4392). Marlierea edulis Niedenzu, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 302), So Paulo(Rangel, 1916: 153; Vigas, 1945: 42; IAC-1446). Melaleuca leucodendron Linnaeus, So Paulo (Puttemans, 1930: 314; IBI-774). Melaleuca sp., So Paulo (IBI-13472). Myrcia jaboticaba (Velloso) Berg, Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 153), So Paulo (Puttemans, 1906: 272; Vigas, 1945: 42:IAC-122). Myrcia sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 302), Par (IBI-13251), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 483). Myrciaria cauliflora (Martius) Berg (now known as Myrcia jaboticaba (Velloso) Berg), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 302; IBI-3650), So Paulo (IBI-6). Myrciaria plicata-costata Berg, So Paulo (IBI-574). Myrtaceae Genus undetermined, Gois (PUR-F19207), Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 35; Jackson, 1931: 483; Thurston, 1940: 302; IBI-13163), Par (IBI-13264), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1897: 216; Dietel, 1899: 256; Hennings, 1904: 79), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 132; Rick, 1907A: 29), Santa Catarina (PUR-F6631), So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1908: 8; Vigas, 1945: 42; IAC-3112). Phyllocalyx involucratus (DeCandolle) Berg, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist, 1960: 101; 1963: 132). Pimenta dioica Merrill, So Paulo (IBI-12271). Pseudomyrcianthes pyriforme (Cambessedes) Kausel, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto (1963: 132). Psidium guajava Linnaeus, Esprito Santo (Vigas, 1945: 42; IBI-2845), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 302), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-286), Paraba (IAC-2905), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 166; IBI-6092), Pernambuco (Pickel, 1936: 212), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 483;Vigas, 1945: 42; IBI-5846), Rio Grande do Sul (PURF19190), So Paulo (Sydows, 1907: 355; Vigas, 1945: 421 IAC-148). Psidium incanescens Martius, So Paulo (IBI-892). Psidium sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 483; Thurston, 1940: 302), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1895: 337), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945:43; IAC-1937). Syzygium jambos (Linnaeus) Alston (Eugenia jambosa Linnaeus), Esprito Santo (PUR-F19163), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 302; IAC-469), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-588), Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 80), Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 42; IAC-7992), Rio Grande do

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Sul (PUR-F6630), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902: 105; Sydows, 1907: 355; Vigas, 1945: 42; IAC-150). Puccinia psidii is a native rust in the warmer regions of the Western Hemisphere. It has been reported from Argentina to Florida in the United States of America and on at least a dozen genera of Myrtaceae. Puccinia psidii causes a severe disease of guajava, Psidium guajava, infecting leaves, stems, and fruit. Infected fruit may become mummified when infections occur early. Other economically important fruits that are infected include jaboticaba, uvaia, pitanga, cerreja do Rio Grande, cambuca, and jambo. Introduced species of Myrtaceae have become infected with this rust, such as Callistemon, Eucalyptus and Syzygium. The rust is feared by commercial interests on other continents where Eucalyptus is very important in agroforestry and much effort is going into keeping the rust from spreading to these areas. Puccinia psidii is probably autoecious but no spermogonia or aecia have been identified from field collections. Experimental inoculation studies (Figueiredo, et al., 1984) indicate that basidiospores may infect the host species on which teliospores are produced and the resulting infections produce no visible spermogonia but do produce aecia and aeciospores that are indistinguishable from uredinia and urediniospores. These experiments need to be repeated to confirm these results. Puccinia rompelii P. Magnus in or ex Rick (Ann. Mycol.5: 29. 1907) was listed as a synonym in our first edition but Lindquist (1983) questioned the identity of the host as in the Myrtaceae. We exclude P. rompelii as a synonym because its teliospore walls are described as thicker than in P. psidii and its host is probably not in Myrtaceae. The rust in collections on Campomanesia aurea Berg from Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 132), and Santa Catarina (PUR-F17736) were misidentified. The rust is Phakopsora rossmaniae Dianese et al. The names listed below were placed as synonyms of Puccinia psidii by the Sydows, (1903), Jackson (1931), Lindquist (1982), and Farr (1973). A fragment of an isotype of U. subneurophila in PUR has a pencil sketch of a sorus and a group of this fungus spores made by F. D. Kern, 6 March 1903. A note with the sketch by an unknown person, perhaps J. C. Arthur, states not a rust. The sketch shows a suprastomatal, long-stalked synnema. This unusual kind of rust sorus characterizes a new species of an unnamed anamorph rust genus. The host is a member of the Apocynaceae. We have compared the rust and the host to other collections of this anamorph on Apocynaceae from So Paulo, Brazil and find that they are the same. Uredo subneurophila Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 123. 1883. TYPE on an unidentified genus of Apocynaceae, reported originally erroneously as Psidium sp.,, Myrtaceae, from Paraguay (Fungi Guraran. pug. 1, number 144, collected by Balansa-3800, July 1883, Plantas du Paraguay) ' Puccinia subneurophila (Spegazzini) Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires31: 32. 1922. When Spegazzini published Puccinia subneurophila (Spegazzini) Spegazzini, he thought he was establishing a name for the species of Puccinia that infects Psidium guajava . He believed that his name would have priority over Puccinia psidii published by Winter in 1884 because he was transferring Uredo subneurophila Spegazzini which was published in 1883 to Puccinia. But the Code does not allow an anamorph name to be transferred to a teleomorph genus. In addition, the host of the type of Uredo subneurophila is not Psidium nor is it in the Myrtaceae. It is in the Apocynaceae and the rust is not an anamorph of Puccinia psidii. PUCCINIA PSYCHOTRIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 44: 57. 1905. TYPE on Psychotria sp., Rubiaceae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Negro, Manaos, March 1901, Ule-3152. (?/?,IIpe/III). Puccinia psychotriae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on adaxial side of leaves, scattered or cirinnate, on brownish or no spots; urediniospores 15-22 x 10-16 m, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall sharply echinulate, colorless or pale brownish. Teliospores occasionally intermixedwith urediniospores, 30-35 x 13-16 m, oblong to clavate, rounded at apex, not or only slightly constricted at the septum, wall not or only slightly thickened at the apex, colorless to pale brownish; pedicel about 10 m long, 3-4 m wide, colorless (Hennings, 1905). PUCCINIA PTEROCAULI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 240. 1896. TYPE on Pterocaulon spicatum DeCandolle from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, July 1888, Ule-907. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Pterocaulon alopecuroideum (Swartz) DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 303).

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Pterocaulon pycnostachyum (Lamarck) DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 303). Pterocaulon spicatum DeCandolle. Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 240). Pterocaulon virgatum DeCandolle, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 240). Puccinia pterocauli has been reported also from Argentina. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia sacattered on both sides of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm across, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, ruptured epidermis evident, powdery, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 2732 x 22-25 m, ellipsoid, globoid to subgloboid; wall 2.5-3 m thick, echinulate, pores 2, equatorial, covered by obvious cuticular caps. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, like the uredinia but dark-brown, hidden in the host tomentum; teliospores 43-47 x 20-27 m, ellipsoid to oblong clavate, rounded or subpapillate above, rounded below, constricted slightly at the septum; wall 2.5-3 m thick at sides, 7-10 m above, smooth, brown, germ pore apical in upper cell, at the septum in the loser cell; pedicel about 1.5 times as long as the spore, persistent, colorless (Lindquist, 1982). Puccinia pterocauli is very similar to P. biocellata. Puccinia puiggarii (Spegazzini) Sydow, see DIORCHIDIUM PUIGGARII Spegazzini. ? PUCCINIA PULVERULENTA Greville, Fl. Edinburg, p. 432. 1824. (O/Icv,IIpe/III). = Puccinia vagans Arthur, Man. Rusts United States and Canada, p. 313. 1934. . [see Arthur et al. (1920) and Arthur (1934) for Fmany other synonyms and hosts] On Onagraceae: Jussiaea anastomosans DeCandolle [Ludwigia anastomosans (DeCandolle) H. Hara], Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 223), Esprito Santo (IBI-4659). Puccinia pulverulenta, or one of its synonyms such as P. epilobii-tetragoni or P. vagans, has been reported to be widespread in the Northern Hemisphere and in the Southern Hemisphere from Australia, New Zealand, Bolivia, and Venezuela. At least 11 host genera in the Onagraceae have been reported, mostly Epilobium, Gayophytum, and Oenothera species. Arthur et al. (1920) and Arthur (1934) record many synonyms and hosts for P. pulverulenta. But they nor any other author list Jussiaea or Ludwigia as a host genus. The occurrence of Puccinia pulverulenta in Brazil needs to be confirmed. PUCCINIA PURPUREA Cooke, Grevillea 5: 15. 1876. TYPE on Sorghum vulgare from India, date and colector not available. (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia penniseti Barclay 1891, not Zimm. = Puccinia sanguinea Dietel ex Atkinson, Bull. Cornell Univ. 3: 19. 1897. = Puccinia prunicolor H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Butler, Ann. Mycol. 4: 435. 1906. = Puccinia sorghi-halapensis Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 31: 386. 1922. Anamorph Uredo sorghi Passerini, Comm. Soc. Critt. Italy 2: 449. 1867. = Uredo sorghi Fuckel, Bot. Zeit. 29: 27. 1871. = Uredo sorghi-halepensis Patouillard, Bull. Soc. Myc. France 19: 253. 1903. On Gramineae: Sorghum almum Parodi , Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 116). Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench (= Sorghum vulgare Persoon), Minas Gerais (IBI-13518), Pernambuco (Pickel, 936: 209; IBI-15516), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F5106), Rio Grande do Sul (IAN-717), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 43; IAC-6; IBI-17619), Sergipe (Vigas, 1945: 43; IAC-405). Sorghum halapense Persoon, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 303; IBI-15192) Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 43; IAC-2665), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 43; IAC-392; IBI-18778). Sorghum sp., Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 43; IAC-2667), Rio Acre (Sydow,1916: 67), Rio Grande do Norte (Vigas, 1945: 43; IAC-3246), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 43; IAC-442; IBI-1556). Puccinia purpurea is circumglobal in warmer regions where the hosts occur. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Sori mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, in purple spots. Uredinia nearly chestnut-brown, powdery, with clavate or clavate-capitate, mostly curved, colorless or yellowish (or purple stained from the host) paraphyses, with the wall 4-7 m apically becoming progressively paler below; urediniospores (26-)30-40 x 23-29(-32) m, variable, ellipsoid, obovoid, or nearly globoid, often

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angular, wall 2 m thick, cinnamon or slightly darker, echinulate, pores 5-8, scattered or tending to be bizonate. Telia blackish brown, compact, pulvinate, exposed, teliospores (37-)40-50(-55) x (22-)24-30(-33) m, mostly ellipsoid, or oblong-ellipsoid, wall (2.5-)3-3.5 m thick at sides, 4-5(-7) m apically, chestnut, smooth; pedicels to 95 m long, thick-walled and mostly not collapsing, colorless or yellow, persistent (Cummins, 1971). Traits that help identify Puccinia purpurea include: uredinia and telia usually occur on purple leafspots, uredinia with strongly developed, peripheral, clavate-capitate paraphyses with walls 4-7 m thick apically becomming thinner below, and urediniospores with walls 2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, with 5-8 scattered germ pores or tending to be bizonnate. Although LeRoux and Dickson (Phytopathology 476: 101-107. 1957) published that they had demonstrated that Oxalis corniculatea is a spermogonial and aecial host for this rust, they gave no description of the sori or spores and they reported no voucher specimens of their experimental work. Their results must be questioned. It is very likely that they mistakenly were using Puccinia sorghi on Zea mays, not Puccinia purpurea on Sorghum sp. PUCCINIA PUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway, in Kern, Thurston & Whetzel, Mycologia 25: 477. 1933. (Nom. nov. for Puccinia distinguenda H. S. Jackson & Holway). (?/?,IIcv/III). Puccinia distinguenda H. S. Jackson & Holway, Mycologia 23: 497. 1931. [as Puccinia distinguenda (Sydow) Jackson & Holway, basionym Aecidium distenguindum Sydow, Monog. Ured. 4: 131. 1923, but Jackson (1931) described teleomorph]. TYPE on Ipomoea fistulosa Martius, Ecuador: Guayaquil, 30 July 1920, Holway-794.. Not Puccinia distinguenda Sydow, 1908. Anamorph Aecidium distinguendum P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 4: 131. 1923. TYPE on Ipomoea sp. from Peru: Tarapoto, Ule-3244. = Puccinia agnesiae H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 32: 288. 1934. TYPE on Ipomoea crassicaulis Robinson from Brazil: Bahia, Rio Salitre, 45 km wsw of Joazeiro, 15 Dec 1924, Agnes Chase-7942. Teleomorph not described. On Convolvulaceae Ipomoea crassicaulis Robinson, Bahia (H. Sydow, 1934: 288), Cear (Almeida, 1985). Ipomoea sp., Amazonas [P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923: 131. The Sydows (1923)reported two specimens of Ule as being from Brazil, without name of state or city. Labels of these two specimens state that Ule-2692 is from Amazonas: Juru Miry, Jun 1901 and Ule-2693 is from Amazonas: Mai 1901 (Batista et al., 1966, identified this specimen as Aecidium distinguindum),]. Puccinia puta has been reported also from Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Mexico. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia, Aecidium distinguendum, mostly on abaxial side of leaves, solitary or in dense groups 1-4 mm across, cupulate, peridial cells 24-34 x 15-18 m, wall uniformily 4-6 m thick, outer wall delicately striate, inner wall verrucose, urediniospores 24-30 x 20-26 m (33-40 x 24-33 m fide Hennen, type), catenulate, angular-globoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, apical walls up to 8 m or more thick, verrucose, warts 1(-1.4) m apart. Teliospores 42-56 x 28-32 m (56-61 x 33-37, fide Hennen, type), ellipsoid or oblong, rounded above and below, or sometimes obtuse above, not constricted at septum, lateral wall 3.5-4 m [(2-)2.5-3.5(-4) fide Hennen, type] thick, apical wall 5-6 m and at angles formed by septum, dark chestnut- to blackish-brown, verrucose, warts (1.5-)2-2.5(-3) m apart; pedicel once to twice length of spore, colorless or slightly tinted next to spore, 10-11 m thick at point of attachment, soon collapsing. Two other species of rusts on Ipomoea from the Neotropics with uredinia in the genus Aecidium have apically thickened urediniospore walls: Aecidium nocticolor has been reported from Mexico on shrub or tree species of Ipomoea,and Puccinia ibrae on vining species of Ipomoea from Mexico and Honduras. PUCCINIA PUTTEMANSII P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 105. 1902. TYPE on Panicumsp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Mattos da Serra da Cantareira, 28 April 1900, Puttemans-140. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Panicum sciurotis Trinius, [Dicanthelium sciurotis (Trinius) Davidse, fide Tropicos, 1992], Rio de Janeiro (Cummins, 1942; 693).

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Panicum rugulosum Trinius sensu lato Doell (see below for synonyms), Minas Gerais (IBI14580), Rio de Janeiro (IBI-12838), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 45; IAC-2518, IBI-12589). Reported as Panicum millegrana Poiret , Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1959: 64), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F9827), So Paulo (PUR-F4784). Panicum sp., So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 105; Puttemans-140). Puccinia puttemansii has been reported also from Trinidad. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mainly on the abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (20-)22-24 x (17-)20-24 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5 m thick, golden or pale cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 4, rarely 3, equatorial. Telia mainly on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, blackish-brown, pulvinate; teliospores (27-)34-37 x (17-)20-24 m, mostly clavate or oblongellipsoid, wall 1.5 m thick at sides, 4-7 m apically, deep golden or clear chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 30 m long, yellowish, thin-walled, mostly collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Panicum rugulosum, in the broad sense, has been divided into at least seven varieties and includes Panicum sellowii Nees, and Panicum millegrana Poiret (Mo Bot. Gard., Tropicos database, May, 2004). Puccinia pygmaea Dietel, see PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth var. POAE-NEMORALIS (Otth) Cummins & H.C. Greene. Puccinia pygmaea Eriksson var. chisosana Cummins, see PUCCINIA BRACHYPODIIPHOENICOIDIS Guyot & Malencon var. CHISOSANACummins & Greene. PUCCINIA RAUNKAERII Ferdinansen & Winge, Bot. Tiddskr. 29: 8. 1908. TYPE on Rivina humilis Linnaeus, Phytolaccaceae, from The West Indies, Saint Thomas, Lovenlund, ('10. 5. 06"), ?10 May 1906, Raunkiaer s.n. (a LECTOTYPE-needs to be selected from the three collections reported). (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Puccinia rivinae Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 304. 1909. TYPE on Rivina laevis, Phytolaccaceae, from Argentina, Corrientes: Bella Vista, Sept 1904, ? Spegazzini s.n. (LECTOTYPE). Anamorph Aecidium rivinae Berkeley & Curtis, Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 358. 1869. TYPE on Rivina octandra (? Rivina humilis), Phytolaccaceae, from Cuba, May, ? collector. = Aecidium rivinae Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 232. 1899. TYPE on Rivina laevis, Phytolaccaceae, from Argentina, Tucumn, Jan 1895, Spegazzini s. n. Endophyllum rivinae Arthur, N. Am. Ured. 7: 126. 1907. TYPE on Rivina octandra, Phytolaccaceae, from Cuba, same as for Aecidium rivinae. Puccinia raunkaerii has not yet been reported from Brazil but is to be expected because it has been reported on Rivina humilis, from nearby Argentina. It has also been reported from Colombia, The West Indies, and Texas in the United States of America. Spermogonia and aecia on distorted shoots or witches' brooms, aecia cupulate, peridial cells rectangular, inner walls striate-verrucose, outer walls smooth, aeciospores 26-37 x 14-25 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, finely verrucose, with two equatorial germ pores; uredinia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 23-30 x 17-23 m, globoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, sparsely and strongly echinulate, with two equatorial germ pores; telia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, 0.2-1 mm across, chestnut-brown, pulverulent, numerous, gregarious in small groups, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, teliospores 29-43 x 21-26 m, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, slightly or not constricted at the septum, wall uniformely (1.5-)2(-2.5) m thick, cinnamon-brown, with a thin outer layer, sparsely verrucose, pore of upper cell apical, pore of lower cell much depresed to near the pedicel, pedicel short, fragile, colorless (Lindquist, 1982). PUCCINIA RECONDITA Roberge ex Desmazieres, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 798. 1857. TYPE on Secale sp. from France, date not available, Roberge-s.n. (isotypes distributed in the exsiccati of Desmazieres' Plantes Cryptog. France No. 252). (0/Icv IIpe/III). See Cummins (1971) for extensive synonomy that includes 51 names. = Puccinia rubigo-vera (DeCandolle) Winter (?or Puccinia rubigo-vera Winter), Rahb. Kryptog.

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-Fl. Ed. 2. 1: 217. 1882. = Puccinia dispersa Erikson & Hennings, Z. Pflanzenkr. 4:17: 1898. Synnamorphs Uredo rubigo-vera DeCandolle Fl. Fr. 5: 83. 1815. Aecidium clematidis DeCandolle, Aecidium spp. anamorphs of Puccinia recondita hav not been reported from South America. Aecidium asperifolii Persoon On Gramineae: Avena sp., So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D: 296). Briza calotheca (Trinius) Hackel, So Paulo (IBI-1663). Briza subaristata Lamarck, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 116). Bromus catharticus Vahl, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 58). Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus, So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1908: 8; ?IBI-10509). Secale cereale Linnaeus, Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 171), Rio Grande do Sul, IAC7500), So Paulo (Vigas , 1945: 45; IAC-229). Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, Federal District (IBI-12507), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304; Vigas, 1945: 46; IAC-4016), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1977/70: 176; IBI-13463), Rio Grande do Sul (IAN-713, -725), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355; Vigas, 1945: 46; IAC-222; IBI-12486). Triticum spelta Linnaeus, Santa Catarina (Diete, 1899: 249). Triticum sp., So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D: 296). Puccinia recondita is a species complex, world wide in distribution, and has been reported on close to 40 genera of grasses..In older literature it was reported often as Puccinia rubigo-vera. Various degrees of host specialization occurs within the complex. Because of slight morphological differences, the name Puccinia triticina Erikson has been taken up for the rust on cultivated wheat by some recent authors. Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium clematidis DC. ) occur on the Balsaminaceae, Boraginaceae Hydrophyllaceae, and Ranunculaceae; localized, cupulate, aeciospores (18-)21-26(-28) x -22(-24) x (14-)1722(-24) m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1-2 m thick, colorless, verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly about cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (20-)24-32(-36) x (17-)20-25(-28) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1-2 m thick, yellowish brown to cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 6-10, scattered. Telia mostly on abaxial side but commonly on the adaxial side of leaves and the sheaths, covered by the epidermis, blackish-brown, brown paraphyses present, the sori usually loculate; teliospores variable in size and shape, (32-)40-60(-75) x (12-)l5-22(-25) m, mostly oblong-clavate, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 3-5(-7) m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels usually less than 20 m long, brown or brownish (Cummins, 1971). Spermogonia and aecia have not been reported in South America. Puccinia rhamni (Persoon) Wettstein, see PUCCINIA CORONATA Corda. Puccinia rivinae Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA RAUNKAERII Ferdinansen & Winge. Puccinia rochaei Puttemans, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Puccinia rompelii P. Magnus, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Puccinia rotundata Dietel, see PUCCINIA NEOROTUNDATA Cummins. PUCCINIA ROULINIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 238. 1896. TYPE on Roulinia convolvulacea Gr. from Argentina, Salta: passaje del Rio Juramento Feb 1873, G. Hieronymus et Lorentz s.n..(-/-,/III). = Puccinia tassadiae H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 328. 1903. TYPE on Tassadia comosa Fournier, Asclepiadaceae, from Brazil, state, place, and date of collection not reported, Glaziou s.n. = Puccinia aequatoriensis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 325. 1903. TYPE on

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Marsdenia sp. from Ecuador, Palmira, place and date of collection not reported, A. Sodiro s.n. = Puccinia rouliniae Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 31: 385. 1922. TYPE on Roulinia fluminensis from Paraguay, near Asuncion, Puerto Sajenia, July 1919, ? Spegazzini s.n. On Asclepiadaceae: Calostigma multiflorum Malme, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Metastelma odoratum Decaisne, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Nephradenia sp. Mato Grosso do Sul (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Roulinia fluminensis Decaisne, Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1956: 450). Tassadia comosa Fournier, Brazil, state not reported (H. Sydow & P. Sydow, 1903: 328). Puccinia rouliniae has been reported also from Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecuador, and Cuba. See Puccinia araujae Lveill for a comparison key of three closely related microcyclic species of Puccinia on Asclepiadaceae, subfamily Cynanchyoideae. Lindquist (1982) reported that Puccinia balansae Spegazzini (Anal Soc. Cient. Argentina 16: 50. 1883. TYPE on Araujia sp. according to Arthur, but mistakenly reported originally as Echites funiformis Veloso, Apocynaceae, from PARAGUAY, Guarapi, 1880, B. Balansa-2743) is the same as Puccinia roulineae. If Lindquist is followed then the correct name is Puccinia balansae Spegazzini because it has priority. Puccinia rouliniae Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA ROULINIAE P. Hennings. Puccinia rubigo-vera (DeCandolle) Winter, see PUCCINIA RECONDITA Robergeex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA RUDERARIA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 153. 1932. TYPE on Baccharis oxyodonta DeCandolle from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 11 Nov 1921, Holway-1291. (0/Itr,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Baccharis oxyodonta DeCandolle, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 153; PUR-F8168, Thurston, 1940: 304), Rio De Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 153). Baccharis sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F8174). Puccinia ruderaria has been reported also from Bolivia. Spermogonia and aecia too old for good description. Aeciospores 28-35 x 20-24 m, wall prominently tuberculate-rugose, colorless. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-0.8 mm across, scattered on brownish leaf spots, tardily erumpent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, powdery, yellowish; urediniospores (22-)26-30(-34) x 16-20(-22) m, globoid to obovoid; wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, minutely echinulate, spines moderately spaced, colorless to pale golden-brown, pores obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.4 m across, scattered, tardely erumpent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, compact, subpulvinate, pale chestnut-brown, becoming ashy-gray by germination; teliospores 42-60 x 20-26 m, ellipsoid to subclavate, rounded above, mostly narrowed below, not or slightly constricted at septum; wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, broadly thickened above 6-9 m, smooth, golden- to pale chestnut-brown, mostly pale at apex; pedicel as long as or a little longer than the spore, colorless (Jackson, 1932; Lindquist, 1958). These collections were at first referred to P. evadens. The teliospores are, however, much narrower. A few old aecia were found, too old for adequate description, which, however, served to make clear that the species was quite different from P. evadens. The aeciospores are 20-24 by 28-35 m, with colorless walls, prominently tuberculate-rugose. The species is somewhat like P. salebrata. The aeciospores of that species are, however, much more coarsely tuberculate. Fifteen species of Puccinia have been reported on Baccharis in Brazil. At least 53 species of Puccinia have been reported to parasitize species of Baccharis in the Americas (Lindquist, 1957). Thus, the New World genus Baccharis, which itself has about 380 known species, harbors more Puccinia species than any other host genus in the Americas. Puccinia ruelliae Lagerheim, Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 17: 71. 1895.

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Joerstad, (1956) reported this name as a species from Brazil, [on Ruellia longifolia (Pohl) Grisebach, Acanthaceae, from Rio de Janeiro, 29 Oct 1901, P. Dusen]. We believe this report is mistaken because Laundon (1963) states that Puccinia ruelliae Lagerheim is a synonym of Puccinia ruelliae H. Sydow & P. Sydow (1902), a species that has been reported only in Africa, Asia, and Australia. The identification of the specimen on which Joerstad's report was based needs to be confirmed. Puccinia rugosa Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA NEOROTUNDATA Cummins. PUCCINIA SANGUINOLENTA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 228. 1896. TYPE on Heteropteris sp. (mistakenly reported originally as Myrcia sp. in the Myrtaceae, see below) from Brazil, So Paulo, So Paulo, Vila Mariana, May 1887, Ule-675 (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Puccinia rubricans Holway, J. Mycol. 10: 165. 1904. TYPE on Banisteria portillana (S. Watson) C. B. Robinson ex Small (reported originally as Heropteris portillana S. Watson) from Mexico, Jalisco: Guadalajara, 28 Sept 19034, Holway-5063. = Prospodium pseudo-zonatum A. P. Vigas, Bragantia 5: 13. 1945. TYPE on an unidentified genus of Malpighiaceae (mistakenly reported originally as an unidentified genus of Bignoniaceae), from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Pampulha, 14 June 1941, A. P. Vigas, M. Barreto-s.n. On Malpighiaceae: Heteropteris confertiflora A. Jussieu (identification on packet is Banisteria confertiflora A. Jussieu) , Minas Gerais (ex Kew). Banisteria sp., So Paulo (Hennings, 1896: 228). Heteropterys sp., Gois (PUR-F6332). Undetermined, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945). Puccinia sanguinolenta has also been reported from Argentina, Venezuela and Mexico. Spermogonia globoid, yellowish or whitish, crowded in circular groups 1-1.5 mm across, on abaxial side of leaves; aecia circinate in groups around the spermogonia on brilliant red spots, aecia and aeciospores like the uredinia and urediniospores. Uredinia 0.2-0.8 mm across, mostly scattered on brilliant reddish, indeterminant, broadly effused spots on the abaxial side of leaves, erumpent, ruptured epidermis noticeable, powdery, cinnamon-brown; without paraphyses, urediniospores 34-43 x 32-35 m, mostly globoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall 4-7 m thick, sometimes with a colorless outer layer 1 m or less thick, sparsely and prominently echinulate, pores 4, equatorial, rather indistinct. Telia 0.3-0.8 mm across, scattered on the abaxial side of leaves, erumpent, ruptured epidermis noticeable, compact, blackish, teliospores 50-58 x 37-41 m, broadly ellipsoid, rounded or obtuse above, rounded below, not constricted at the septum; wall 4-7 m thick at sides, 8-10 m at apex, chestnut-brown, paler above, closely reticulate-pitted, the pits 2-3 m across, pedicel up to 70 m long, yellowish brown next to the spore, colorless and roughened below, and slightly swollen at the base (Arthur, 1922). Hennings (1896) published the the location as the state of Rio de Janeiro, but the label of the isotype in HG records the location of "E. Ule n. 675" as "So Paulo, Villa Mariana, Mai 87". Holway (1905) first reported that Puccinia rubricans Holway is a synomym of Puccinia sanguinolenta. He also identified the host of the type of P. sanguinolenta as Heteropteris sp. based on comparison with the type of his P. rubricans, which he reported as Heteropteris portillana S Watson from Guadalajara, Mexico. Later Heteropteris portillana was transfered as Banisteria portillana (S. Watson) C. B. Robinson ex Small. The identification of the genus of the host of the type of P. sanguinolenta is not clear. Vigas (1945) proposed Propospodium pseudo-zonatum because its host was missidentified as Bignoniaceae. He provided a good description and ilustrations showing urediniospores with two opposite, equatorial pores with distinct cuticular caps. See under Puccinia banisteriae for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae. PUCCINIA SCHEDONNARDI Kellerman & Swingle, J. Mycol. 4: 95. 1888. TYPE on Schedonnardus paniculatus (reported originally as Schedonnardus texanus) from The United States of America, Kansas: Manhattan, March 1888, W. A. Kellerman & W. T. Swingle-1268. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia melicina Arthur & Holway in Arthur, Pro. American Philos. Soc.64: 191. 1925. TYPE on Melica scabra Kunth from Bolivia, La Paz, 12 May 1920, Holway-598.

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Anamorph (0/I on Malvaceae) Aecidium hibisciatum Schweinitz [as "Caeoma (Aecidium) hibisciatum"], Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 293. 1832. Not reported from Brazil. On Gramineae (II/III): Melica sarmentosa Nees, Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 65), Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1959: 65). Puccinia schedonnardi has been reported from North and South America and from the Philippines and Japan and as infecting six genera of grasses; Lycurus, Melica, Muhlenbergia, Schedonnardus, Sporobolus, and Triplasis (Cummins, 1971). Including anamorph names, Hennen and Cummins (1956) list 18 synonyms for Puccinia schedonnardi. Spermogonia and aaecia, Aecidium hibisciatum Schweinitz., occur on Hibiscus and other genera of Malvaceae, aeciospores (l6-)20-24(-28) x (12-(16-19(-23) m, ellipsoid or globoid, wall (0.5-)l-l.5(.2.5) m thick, colorless, finely verrucose. Uredinia and telia on both sides of leaves, without paraphyses, urediniospores (18-)21-26(-30) x (15-)18-24(-28) m, globoid to obovoid, wall 1-2 m thick, pale cinnamonbrown, echinulate, pores 6-8, scattered; teliospores (24-)28-36(-45) x (16-)18-25(-29) m, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, rarely diorchidioid, wall (1-)1.5-2(-3) m thick laterally, 3-7(-10) m apically, chestnutbrown, smooth; pedicels to 120 m long but usually less than 100 m, wall colorless, thick-walled but sometimes collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Cummins (1971) reported that Aecidium hibisciatum, the aecial anamorph of Puccinia schedonnardi, may occur on at least seven genera of Malvaceae: Abutilon, Callirhoe, Hibiscus, Malvastrum, Napaea, Sida, and Sidalcea. This anamorph has been reported from Argentina (Lindquist, 1982) but not from Brazil. These malvaceous genera also are the main hosts for the microcyclic Puccinia heterospora which Arthur (1934) reported is correlated with P. schedonnardi. Puccinia heterospora is common in South and North America. There are still reports that the spermogonial and aecial stages (Aecidium hibisciatum) of Puccinia schedonnardi infect cultivated cotton (Gossypium spp.), but Hennen and Cummins (1956) reported that that rust on cotton (Aecidium gossypii) is part of the life cycle of Puccinia cacabata, not Puccinia schedonnardi. PUCCINIA SCHILEANA Spegazzini var. PARTHENIICOLA (H. S. Jackson) Lindquist, J. C. 1982. Royas de la Republica Argentina y Zonas Limitrofes. Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganaderia de la Nacion, Instituto Nacional de Technologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Buenos Aires, 574 pp. p. 452. (?/?,II/III). ' Puccinia partheniicola H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 24: 166. 1932. TYPE on Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus from Bolivia, Cochabamba, 29 Feb. 1920, Holway-349. Puccinia abrupta Dietel & Holway var. partheniicola (H. S. Jackson) Parmelee, Canad. J. Bot. 45: 2293. (1967) 1968. Anamorph Uredo parthenii Spegazinni, Anal. Museu Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 239. TYPE on Parthenium hysteophorus from Argentina, from the provences of Cordoba, Tucuman, and Salta, "summer 1887-97". A lectotype needs to be chosen from the specimens seen by Spegazzini. On Compositae: Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus, Paran (IBI-12973), So Paulo (IBI-12551). Puccinia schileana var. partheniicola has been reported from Argentina to The United States of America on three or four species of Parthenium. Uredinia scattered on leaves, orange-brown, powdery; urediniospores 21-30.5 x (17.5-)21-27 m, ellipsoid, obovoid, flattened to cuneate in side view; wall 1-1.7 m thick, very finely echinulate with an indistinct pattern, spines 0.7 m or less high, 2-3 m apart, yellow-brown, pores 2, subequatorial and usually 1 apical. Telia on stems and leaves; teliospores 30.5-40 x 27-33.5 m, broadly ellipsoid, not constricted at septum, wall 2.4-3.2 m thick at sides, 4.8-8 m at apex and paler, smooth, laminate, red-brown, pores apical and septal; pedicel to 160 m long, flexuous, persistent, colorless, often broken in mount (Parmelee, 1967). Lindquist (1982) included the following key to differentiate between three varieties of Puccinia schileana Key to help identify varieties of Puccinia schileana on Verbesina and Vigiera, Asteraceae Puccinia schileana var. abrupta has larger teliospores 27-51 x 21-38 m, and thicker teliospore wall than Puccinia schileana var. schileana. 1. Urediniospore pores 2, subequatorial Puccinia schileana var. schiliana 2. Teliospores 27-38 x 25-33 m, wall cark chestnut

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on Verbesina; Argentina 2. Teliospores 32-41 x 25-31 m Puccinia schileana var. abrupta (Dietel & Holway) Lindquist, on Vigiera; Bolivia, Peru, N. America Puccinia schileana var. partheniicola 1. Urediniospore pores 3, 2 subequatorial and 1 apical on Parthenium; S. America, N. America. Puccinia schnyderi Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveill.

 PUCCINIA SCLERIAE (Pazschke) Arthur, Mycologia 9: 75. 1917. (0/Icv IIpe/III). ' Rostrupia scleriae Pazschke, Hedwigia 31: 96. 1892. TYPE on Scleria sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Itaja, Nov 1885, Ule-589. ' Dicaeoma scleriae (Pazschke) Arthur, N. Am Fl. 7: 349. 1920. Anamorph Aecidium passifloricola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 168. 1904. TYPE on Passiflora sp. from Peru, Tarapoto, Nov 1902, Ule-3235. On Passifloraceae (0/Icv) or ?(-/Icv) Passiflora edulis Sims, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-500) Passiflora glandulosa Cavanilles, Par (IAN-560). On Cyperaceae (IIpe/III): Scleria mitis Berg, Minas Gerais (Vigas & Teixeira, 1945: 54; IAC-5051). Scleria panicoides Kunth, So Paulo (IBI-1635). Scleria sylvestris Poeppig & Kunth, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 144), So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 144). Scleria sp., Par (IAN-860), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 249), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96). Puccinia scleriae has been reported as widespread from scattered places in warmer regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. A report of Puccinia scleriae on Rhynchospora sp. (Silveira, 1951: 223) is based on a misidentification of the Scleria sp. host. The genus name Rostrupia, a synonym of Puccinia, was used in some older reports because the teliospores of Puccinia scleriae are frequently more than two-celled. The connection of Aecidium passifloricola to Puccinia scleriae that was made by Thomas (1918) in Puerto Rico has never been confirmed by aditional inoculation experiments. Puccinia scleriae has urediniospores that are 19-27 x 13-19 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, walls evenly about 1 m thick, pale cinnamon-brown or colorless, moderately echinulate, pores 3-4, equatorial, indistinct; telia loculate enclosing the teliospores, teliospores 1-4 celled, often more than 2-celled. Puccinia scleriae may occur on the same hosts as those of Uromyces scleriae. Urediniospores of Uromyces scleriae are 23-35 x 18-26 m with walls thickened at the apex and sparsely echinulate. The apically thickened walls of the urediniospores of Uromyces scleriae are especially important for identification.
PUCCINIA SCUTIAE Lindquist, Hickenia 1: 15. 1978. TYPE on Scutia buxifolia Reissek, Rhamnaceae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Encruzilhada do Sul, Coxilha de Sul, 27 June 1975, N. Martius & N. Camilia-8328. (?/?,?/III). Puccinia scutiae has been reported only from the type collection. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia on adaxial side of leaves, dark brown. Teliospores 39-51 x 15-18 m, ellipsoid, rounded or somewhat narrowed above and below, not or only slightly constricted at the septum, wall 2-2.5 m thick laterally, 2.5-3 m at the apex, dark brown, smooth, pedicel colorless, a little longer than the spore, sori with many, intermixed, obovoid, one-celled teliospores (Lindquist, 1978). Puccinia sebastianiae H. Sydow in Theissen, see PUCCINIA PILOCARPI Cooke. PUCCINIA SEMIINSCULPTA Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 40: 204. 1905. TYPE on Vernonia

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alamanii DeCandolle from Mexico, Mexico: Amecameca 31 Oct 1899, Holway-3754. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Vernonia bardanoides Lessing [ Lessinganthus bardanoides (Lessing) H. Robinson], So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 118). Vernonia elegans Gardner [ Lessingianthus elegans (Gardner) H. Robinson], Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 477). Vernonia obscura Lessing [ Lessinganthus obscurus (Lessing) H. Robinson],, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 118). Puccinia semiinsculpta has been reported also in Mexico. Spermogonia an adaxial leaf surface. Aecia on adaxial surface in slightly hypertrophied spots, , pale yellowish brown; aeciospores pedicellate, (22-)24-30(-32) x (I8-)21-24(-26) um, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2(-3) m thick, pale golden to nearly colorless, uniformly echinulate, pores 2 or 3(4), equatorial. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered, pale yellowish brown; urediniospores similar to the aeciospores. Telia mostly on adaxial surface, exposed, mostly not compact; spores of two types the germinating kind (38-)42-48 x (20-)22-30(-33) m from narrowly to broadly obovoid, golden brown, the pore apical in each cell under an umbo, resting kind (40-)44-56 .(-60) x (28-)30-40 m broadly ellipsoid, wall (3-)5-7(-8) m at sides, 6-10(-1l) m over pores. dark chestnut brown or slightly paler over pores but not as a defined umbo, wall in both types from rugose with short anastomosing ridges to rugosely reticulate, pore of upper cell apical, of lower call next to septum or midway to hilum, pedicels colorless, to 85 m long but usually shorter, rugose basally in intact pedicels (Cummins, 1978). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia semota H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA SEORSA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 103. 1932. TYPE on Piptocarpha axillaris (Lessing) Baker from Brazil, So Paulo: Taipas, 6 Feb 1922, Holway-1540. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Piptocarpha axillaris (Lessing) Baker, Minas Gerais (IBI 12803), Paran (IBI 12883), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 103). Piptocarpha sp., Federal District (IBI-12457), Minas Gerais (IBI-12803), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 103), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 1003). Puccinia seorsa has been reported with certainty only from Brazil. Urban (1973) reported that the identification of a specimen recorded as Puccinia seorsa from Guatemala by Cummins (1978) is doubtfull. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, in small groups. Aecia on abaxal side of leaves below the aecia; peridium short cylindrical, yellowish; aeciospores (28-)30-36(-41) x (24-)27-30(33) m, broadly ellipsoid, globoid or sometimes lemon shape, wall 2-2.5(-3) m thick, colorless or pale yellowish, finely verrucose with rod-like verucae, discrete or fusing in striae. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, chestnutbrown, paraphyses 12-18 m wide, peripheral, long, incurved, dorsally thick-walled, pale golden; urediniospores (28-)30-35(-38) x (26-)29-33(-34) m, mostly globoid, wall 2-2.5(-3) m thick, nearly chestnut-brown, echinulate, pores (3)4or 5(6), scattered or sometimes nearly equatorial, with slight or no caps. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, chestnut-brown, becoming grayish from germination, relatively compact, with paraphyses as in the uredinia, teliospores (50-)70-115(-122) x (17-)20-25(-31) m, mostly fusiform cylindrical, wall 1 m thick at sides, 2-4 m thick at apex, pale chestnut-brown, or deep golden-brown, smooth, pore of upper cell apical of lower cell at septum, pedicels to 115 m long, colorless, thin-walled and collapsing. Puccinia serjaniae Ellis & Everhart, see PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini. PUCCINIA SESSILIS Schneider in Schroeter, Abh. Schles. Nat. Abth. 1869-1872: 19. 1870. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae:

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Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray (reported as Festuca bromoides Linnaeus), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 59). Cummins (1971) reports Puccinia sessilis on species of Festuca and Phalaris from the temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere but does not include this Brazilian record in his distribution. Additional collections are needed to confirm that this species occurs in Brazil. We have not included the teleomorph synonyms and anamorph names listed by Cummins (1971). Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium majanthae Schumacher) on Araceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae, and Orchidaceae but unknown in South America; aeciospores (16-)18-25(-27) x 15-20(-22) m, globoid or more or less ellipsoid, wall 1(-1.5) m thick, finely verrucose, colorless or yellowish. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, about cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (23-)27-32(-36) x (20-)22-26(-28) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5(-2) m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores (4)5 or 6 scattered or tending to be equatorial (Japan), (5) 6 or 7(8) mostly 6, scattered (Europe), 7-9. mostly 8, tending to be bizonate (N. America). Telia on both sides of leaves, blackish, covered by the epidermis, not or weakly loculate with scant brown paraphyses; teliospores (34-)40-56(-60) x (15-)18-23(-26) m, oblong or oblongclavate, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, (2-5-)3-5(-6) m apically, clear chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels mostly less than 15 m long, brownish (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia setariae-viridis Dietel, see PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. PANICISANGUINALIS (Rangel) Ramachar & Cummins. PUCCINIA SHERARDIANA Koernicke, Hedwigia 16: 19. 1877. TYPE on Malva sherardiana from Armenia, place, date, and colector not available. ( 0/-,-/III). On Malvaceae: Abutilon sylvaticum Schumann, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 223). Malva parviflora Linnaeus, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 223). Malvastrum coromandelianum Garcke, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 480), Rio de Janeiro (PURF6503); So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 480). Sida rhombifolia Linnaeus, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 223). Puccinia sherardiana is widespread from Chile to Canada, and has been reported also from eastern Asia. In North America host genera include Althea, Sidalcea, and the most common, Sphaeralcea. Host identification of of some of the Brazilian reports need to be confirmed. Arthur (1934) reports that Puccinia sherardiana is a microcyclic correlated form of Puccinia interveniens Bethel, a macrocyclic, heteroecious species with uredinia and telia on the grass genera Stipa and Nassella and spermogonia and aecia on genera in the Malvaceae: Callirhoe, Sidalcea, and Sphaeralcea. Puccinia interveniens has been reported from Chile and Argentina, but not yet from Brazil. Traits that help identify Puccinia sherardiana include telia that are closely grouped and dark brown, teliospores that are up to 75 m long with walls moderately thick 1.5-4 m. Puccinia sherardiana is similar to several other microcyclic species of Puccinia on various genera of Malvaceae. See Puccinia heterospora for keys that may help identify microcyclic species of Puccinia on Malvaceae. PUCCINIA SIMASII Rangel, Arch. Jard. Bot. 2: 69. 1918. TYPE reported on Breweria burchelii Choisy (the host is probably Jacquemontia sp.) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Icarahy near Niteroi, date not recorded, F. Simas s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Convolvulaceae: Jacquemontia grandiflora (reported as Breweria burchelii Choisy), Rio de Janeiro, (Isotype, PUR-F7117), So Paulo (IBI-17167, II,III). The original type of Puccinia simasii could not be found in the herbarium at the National Botanical Garden in Rio de Janeiro. The species has been reported only from a very small leaf piece in a specimen in PUR that is probably an isotype, and our recent collection cited above. Puccinia smilacis Schweinitz, Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 72: 1822. TYPE on Smilax sp. from The United States of America (0/I IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo smilacis Schweinitz, Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 70: 1822.

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On Liliaceae: Smilax sp., Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 355). The reports of this rust from Brazil cited above are based on misidentifications of the rust. Puccinia smilacis is mainly from North America where it has been reported to produce spermogonia and aecia on Apocynum spp. in the Apocynaceae in The United States of America. It has also been reported from China. Puccinia solanicola Mayor see PUCCINIA CLAVIFORMIS Lagerheim. Puccinia solanina Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini. PUCCINIA SOLANI-TRISTIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 236. 1896. TYPE on Solanum triste Jacquin from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Therezpolis, Serra do Mar, December 1886, Ule556. (-/-,-/III). On Solanaceae: Solanum citrifolium Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultz, Minas Gerais (IBI-12758), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-12198). Solanum didymum Dunal, (Vigas, 1945: 47; IAC-2572). Solanum gemellum Martius, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1959: 89). Solanum gracillimum Sendtner, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1959-89). Solanum neves-armondii Dusen, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 83; Joerstad, 1959: 89). Solanum rufescens Sendtner, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 83). Solanum triste Jacquin, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 236). Solanum sp., Amap (Hennen et al., 2001: 151; IBI-16037, IBI-16040), Minas Gerais (IBI14577), Par (IBI-16040), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 83), So Paulo (IBI-12555, IBI14664 Sydow, 1907;354; Jackson, 1932: 83). Pucinia solani-tristis has been reported also from Ecuador and Venezuela. Pucinia solani-tristis and P. claviformis are the two microcyclic species of Puccinia on Solanum spp. that have been reported from Brazil. Kern (1933) published a key for the nine microcyclic species of Puccinia that are known on Solanum spp. from the Neotropics. These are known mostly from the western cordilleras. Some are difficult to separate by their morphology.. Kern (1933) uses the following traits for identifying Puccinia solani-tristis: Telia in groups, not distributed evenly over large areas, teliospores mostly two-celled, clavate to ellipsoidclavate, more or less constricted at the septum, 23-35 m long, wall 1-1.5 m thick, not or only slightly thicker at the apex. Puccinia solmsii P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CONGESTA Berkeley & Broome. Puccinia sordida Dietel, see PUCCINIA CONYZAE P. Hennings.

PUCCINIA SORGHI Schweinitz, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 4: 295. 1832. TYPE, lectotype designated by Cummins (1971) on Zea mays from The United States of America, Pennsylvania: Bethlehem,  date not available, Schweinitz s.n. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia maydis Berenger, Atti Soc. Ital. 6: 475. 1845. = Puccinia zeae Berenger in Klotzsch, Herb. Viv. Suppl. No. 618. 1851. Annamorph: Aecial anamorph on Oxalidaceae: Aecidium oxalidis Thuemen, Flora 59: 425. 1876. This anamorph has not been reported from Brazil. On Gramineae: Zea mays Linnaeus (Gramineae), Esprito Santo (IBI-2828), Mato Grosso (IBI-12971), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304; IBI-3619), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 48; IAC-3247), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 180; IAC-7975), Pernambuco(Pickel, 1936: 209; IBI15519), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4658), Rio Grande do Sul(Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963:

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116; HNR-157), Santa Catarina(Pazschke, 1892: 96; Hennings, 1896: 244), So Paulo (Hennings,1902D: 296; Sydow, 1907: 355; Vigas, 1945: 48; IAC-124; IBI-13915). Puccinia sorghi is widespread almost everywhere Zea mays is grown. Puccinia sorghi has been studied extensively by plant pathologists and mycologists. Spermogonia and aecia have not been reported from Brazil and are only rarely collected. Spermogonia and aecia, Aecidium oxalidis Thuemen, occur on species of Oxalis; aeciospores 18-26 x 13-19 m, mostly globoid or ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, pale yellowish, verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (24-)26-31(-33) x 21-)24-28(-30) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, golden or cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 3 or 4 equatorial or approximately so. Telia on both sides of leaves, early exposed blackish brown, compact; teliospores (26-)30-42(-46) x (14-)18-23(-25) m, oblong, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall (1-)1.5-2(-3) m thick at sides (4-)5-7(9) m apically, chestnut-brown or the longer narrower spores usually golden brown, smooth; pedicels mostly thin-walled and collapsing, pale yellowish to brownish, to 80 m long (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA SPARGANIOIDES Ellis & Bartholomew, Erythea 4: 2. 1896. TYPE on Spartina pectinata Link, originally reported mistakenly as Carex sparganioides, from The United States of America, Kansas: Rooks Co., 24 Aug 1895, E. Bartholomew-s.n. (0/I II/III). Synanamorphs Aecial Anamorph (unknown in Brazil). Aecidium fraxini Schweinitz, Schr. Ges. Nat. Leipzig 1:66. 1822. TYPE on Fraxinus sp., Oleaceae, from The United States of America, North Carolina: place and date ?, Schweinitz. = Caeoma fraxinatum Link, in Wild. Species Plantarum 6 (2): 62. 1825. TYPE on Fraxinus sp. from The United States of America Uredinial anamorph Uredo peridermiospora Ellis & Tacy, J. Mycology 6: 77. 1890. Puccinia peridermiospora Arthur, Science II, 10: 565. 1909. On Gramineae: Spartina alterniflora Loisel (reported originally as Spartina brasiliensis Raddi), Bahia (Hennen & Cummins, 1956: 131). Puccinia sparganioides is widespread east of the Rocky Mountains in North America. Only one specimen from Brazil has been reported . Spermogonia and aecia, Aecidium fraxini Schweinitz, occur on species of Forestiera and Fraxinus; aeciospores 26-35 x 21-27 m, globoid or ellipsoid, wall 2-3 m thick g sides, 7-13 m apically, finely verrucose, colorless. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, yellow; urediniospores (27-)30-43(-47) x (l6-)20-27(-30) m, mostly ellipsoid or oblong, wall 1.5-3 m thick laterally, 8-10 m apically, colorless, echinulate, pores 4, equatorial, obscure. Telia mostly on abaxial surface, exposed, pulvinate, blackish; teliospores (37-)40-58(-64) x (14-)1723(-25) m, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall I.5 m thick at sides, 5-7 m apically, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 100 m long, colorless or yellowish, rather thick-walled but usually partially collapsing (Cummins, 1971). PUCCINIA SPEGAZZINII DeToni in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 7: 704. 1888. Nom. nov. for Puccinia australis Spegazzini. (-/-,-/III). Puccinia australis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 7. 1880. TYPE on Mikania cordifolia from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Boca del Riachuelo, April 1880, O. Schnyder. Not Puccinia australis Koern, 1876. = Puccinia melothriae Stevens, Bot Gaz. 43: 283. 1907. TYPE on Mikania sp. (mistakenly identified originally as Melothria pendula L., Cucurbitaceae) from The United States of America, North Carolina: West Raleigh, 15 Sept 1906, F. L. Stevens & J. G. Hall-471. = Puccinia dubia Mayor, Mem. Sox. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 482. 1913. TYPE on Mikania sp., mistakenly reported originally as unidentified "? Ampelidaceae" (Vitaceae), from Colombia, Antioquia: near Angelopolis, 2 Sept 1910, Mayor-315. On Compositae: Mikania cordifolia Willdenow, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 144). Mikania micrantha Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN-639).

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Mikania scandens Willdenow, Rio de Janeiro (Puttemans-31), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 241). Mikania smilacina DeCandole, Federal District (IBI-15853). Mikania sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 158), Minas Gerais (IAC-5342; IBI-13175), Par (IBI-16064), Paran (IBI-12148), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 251; Jackson, 1932: 126), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-12924), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 105, 1902D: 296; Sydow, 1907: 354; Jackson, 1932: 126; Vigas, 1945: 49; IAC-2628; IBI-12557). Puccinia spegazzinii is widespread from Argentina to the Southern United States of America on various species of Mikania. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, about 0.25 mm across, compact, tightly grouped and often confluent, pale cinnamon-brown, may become greyish-white from germination, erumpent, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, teliospores (35-)38-60(-70) x (10-)14-18(-20) m, cylindrical, narrowly elloipsoid or clavate, rounded above, narrowed below, not or slightly constricted at the septum, wall about 0.5-1 m thick at sides, 2.5-3.5(-4) m thick above, smooth, pale yellowish, pore of each cell apical; pedicel as long as the spore or shorter, often somewhat expanded immediately below the spore, collapsing, colorless (Cummins, 1978). See Chrysocyclus mikaniae for a key to help identify rusts on Mikania in the Neotropics. Puccinia spermacoces Berkeley & Curtis, see PUCCINIA LATERITIA Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia spermacoces Schweinitz, see UROMYCES SPERMACOCES (Schweinitz) M. A. Curtis. Puccinia sphaeroidea P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia sphaerospora H Sydow, P. Sydow & P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia sphenospora P. Sydow & H. Sydow, see SPHENOSPORA PALLIDA (Winter) Dietel. PUCCINIA SPIGELIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 66. 1916. TYPE on Spigelia sp., Loganiaceae, from Brazil, Cear: Serra de Baturit, Sept 1910, Ule-3403. (-/-,-/III). Puccinia spigeliae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. PUCCINIA SPILANTHICOLA Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 5: 531. 1913. TYPE on Spilanthes americana (Mutis) Hieronymus from Colombia: Antioquia, 31 July 1910, Mayor-248. (-/-,-/III). On Compositae Spilanthes ocymifolia-radiifera A. H. More, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 168). Spilanthes uliginosa Swartz, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 168). Puccinia spilanthicola has beren reported also from Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Except for the numerous one-celled teliospores it could be placed in Puccinia cnici-oleracei. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not produced. Telia on roundish spots up to 5 mm in diameter on the abaxial side of leaves, sori mostly densely grouped, compact, and confluent, dark brown to blackish, Teliospores one- or two-celled, one-celled spores numerous, 21-35 x 11-16 m, ellipsoid to elongate, rounded, truncate or slightly conical above and narrowed at the base, wall ca 1.5 m thick at sides, 2-5 m thick above, smooth, yellow-brown above, smooth, pedicel up to 35 m long x 3-4 m wide, yellowish, persistent; two-celled spores similar but 30-42 x 11-16 m, oblong -ellipsoid to elongate -ellipsoid. Puccinia spilanthis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. Puccinia stakmanii Presley, see PUCCINIA CACABATA Arthur & Holway. PUCCINIA STRAMINEA Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 249. 1899. TYPE on Sisyrinchium sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Orgos, 8 Oct 1896, Ule-2458. (?/?,IIpe/III).

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On Iridaceae: Sisyrinchium sp., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 249; Jackson, 1926: 159). Puccinia straminea has been reported only from Brazil but Jackson (1926) suggested that Puccinia straminea is the same as Puccinia sisyrinchii Montagne that has been reported from Argentina and Chile. PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS Westendorp, Bull. Roy. Acad. Belgium Cl. Sci. 21: 235. 1854. LECTOTYPE on Triticum aestevum from Belgium: Courtray, date and collector not availabe, lectotype designated by Hyalander et al. (1953). (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Triticum sp., Paran (PUR-F19047). Puccinia striiformis (stripe rust) is worldwide in distribution in cool climates where its hosts occur. Cummins (1971) records that grass species in nearly 50 genera may serve as hosts. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia in chlorotic streaks and, although not always easy to find, paraphyses colorless, peripheral, urediniospore walls colorless, echinulate, germ pores (9-)10-14(-15) scattered, pores more easily seen if mounted in chloral hydrate solution. Telia long covered by epidermis, blackish with brown peripheral paraphyses or these forming locules (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia striiformis has been reported in much of the older literature as Puccinia glumarum Erikson & Hennings. In some cooler Andean regions of South America Puccinia striiformis may be a limiting factor in the production of Hordeum vulgare (barley). In addition to Puccinia striiformis (stripe rust), P. graminis and P. recondita are two other rust species that infect Triticum spp. PUCCINIA STYLOSANTHIS Vigas Bol. Soc. Bras. Agron. (Rio de Janeiro) 8: 164. 1945. (?/?,IIpe/III). Vigas published a description of telia in Portuguese, not Latin, and treated the name as a transfer of Uredo stylosnathis P. Hennings, thus the name applies to only an anamorph, not a teliomorph, and the species must be published as new in Latin with a new name. Anamorph Uredo stylosanthis P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (68). 1899. TYPE on Stylosanthes viscosa Swartz from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, May 1884, Ule-38. On Leguminosae: Stylosanthes guyanensis (Aublet) Swartz, So Paulo (Vigas, 1948: 164; IAC-4827; IBI15419A). Stylosanthes viscosa Swartz, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1899: (68). Stylosanthes sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-15311). Puccinia stylosanthis, which is probably closely related to Puccinia arachidis Spegazzini, has been reported also from South Africa as Uredo stylosanthis (Lenne', J.M., 1990). Lenne' and Sousa Cousta (1995) also reported records from Brazil. Puccinia subcollapsa Ellis, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. PUCCINIA SUBCORONATA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 94. 1895. TYPE on Cyperus sp. from Brazil, Goas: Goas, Feb 1893, Ule-1985. (?/? IIpe/III). = Puccinia antioquiensis Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat. 5: 473. 1913. TYPE on Cyperus difussus Vahl from Colombia (a lectotype needs to be chosen from the two collections listed by Mayor, both of which are reported to have telia). On Cyperaceae. Cyperus diffusus Vahl, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 141). Cyperus malaccensis Lamarck, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 223). Cyperus sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 94). Puccinia subcoronata has been reported also from Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, some Islands in the West Indies and Central America. Puccinia subdiorchidioides P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA ABNORMIS P. Hennings. Puccinia subneurophila Spegazzini, see discussion under PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter.

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PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew, Erythea 5: 47. 1897. TYPE on Paspalum setaceum Michaux from The United States of America, Kansas: Rooks Co., 20 Aug 1896, Bartholomew t2237. (0/Icv IIpe/III). See below for notes on the varieties of Puccinia substriata designated by Ramachar and Cummins (1965) = Puccinia pilgeriana P. Hennings, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 226. 1908. TYPE on Paspalum sp. from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Cuiaba, 1899, Pilger. = Puccinia penniseti Zimmerman, Berichti ber Land und Forstwirth. Deutsch Ostafrika. 1904. I. p.16, tab I, fig. 5. TYPE on Pennisetum spicatum Koern from East Africa, Amani Synonyms are given only for those names that have been used in the Americas. Synanamorphs: On Solanaceae, Aecia Aecidium tubulosum Patouillard & Gaillard, Bull. Soc. Myc. France 4: 97. 1888. TYPE on Solanum sp. from Venezuela, Rio Mapire, Upper Orinoco, April, 1887, A. Gaillard. = Aecidium uleanum Pazschke, Hedwigia 31: 95. 1892. TYPE on Solanum sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarrna: Tubero, Oct 1890, Ule-1027. Puccinia tubulosa (Patouillard & Gaillard) Arthur, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 464. 1918. Telia not described. = Aecidium solaniphilum Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 101. 1925. TYPE on Solanum sordidum Sendtner from Argentina, Missiones: Bompland, Aug 1910, Spegazzini s.n. On Gramineae, Uredinia: Uredo cubangoensis Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 160. 1916. TYPE on Paspalum ? mandiocanum Trinius from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Cubango near Niteroi, April

1914, Rangel-1143.
Puccinia paspalicola (P. Hennings) Arthur, Manual Rusts U.S. & Canada. Purdue Res. Found. 438 p. (p. 127), 1934. Telia not described. See explanation below. On Gramineae: Digitaria eriantha Steud. (reported as Digitaria decumbens Stent), Rio Grande do Sul (PURF18071). Paspalum corcovadense Raddi, So Paulo (PUR-F4925). Paspalum coryphaeum Trinius, Brazil (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 25). Paspalum humboltianum Fluegge, So Paulo (PUR-F4839). Paspalum malacophyllum Trinius, So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 25; IBI-1719). Paspalum mandiocanum Trinius, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304), Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916: 160; Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 25; PUR-4903), So Paulo (IBI-1712). Paspalum paniculatum Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304), Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 66), So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 25; IBI-1711). Paspalum pilosum Lamarck, So Paulo (PUR-F4857). Paspalum plantigenum Nees, So Paulo (IBI-1715). Paspalum plicatulum Michaux, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304), Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 66), So Paulo (IBI-1710). Paspalum pruinosum Trinius, So Paulo (IBI-1716). Paspalum urvillei Steudel, Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17720). Paspalum usteri Hackel, So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1965: 25). Paspalum sp., Brazil (Hennings, 1908: 226), Mato Grosso (PUR-F4870), So Paulo (IBI-1713). Pennisetum glaucum (Linnaeus) R. Brown (=Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf & Hubb., (Charchar & Anjos, 2000). Setaria geniculata Beauvois, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304). On Solanaceae (0/I): Solanum aethiopicum Linnaeus (reported originally as Solanum gilo Raddi), Federal District (Lima, M. L. P. et al., 2002: 106), Paraiba (Vigas, 1945: 77). Solanum bonariense Linnaeus (Solanaceae), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 116; IAN-711).

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Solanum melongena Linnaeus, So Paulo (Figureido, M. B.,et al., 1971: 173, IBI-10810, IAC2491). Solanum paniculatum Linnaeus, Pernambuco (IBI-4365), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 106). Solanum sordidum Sendt., (Vigas, 1945: 77). Solanum subscandens Velloso, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 83). Solanum tequilense A. Gray, (Vigas, 1945: 77). Solanum torvum Swartz, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 83). Solanum variabile Martius, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 77, IBI-167). Solanum sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 83), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 95; Hennings, 1896: 260, Sydow, H & P., 1907: 355) So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 83). Puccinia substriata is widespread in warm regions of the world as a species complex composed of at least five varieties that Ramachar and Cummins (1965) separated by minor morphological traits of telia and uredinia. They reported only variety substriata from Brazil. Charchar and Anjos (2000) reported a rust on the cultivated Pennisetum glaucum (Pennisetum typhoideum, pearl millet) from Brazil as P. s. var. penicillariae. But perhaps this rust is P. s. var. indica, the common variety on cuiltivated pearl millet in other parts of the world. Traits of telia are required to identify varieties as shown in a key below (Ramachar and Cummins, 1965). Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium tubulosum Patouillard & Gaillard on Solanum spp.) cupulate, aeciospores (23-)26-31(-37) x 18-23 m or 21-28 m, wall 1-1.5 m thick, evemly verrucose, verrucae ca 1(1.5) m apart. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mainly on abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 24-31(-37) x (20-)24-27(-3l) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores (3 or)4(or 5), equatorial. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, early exposed (tardily exposed in P. s. var. indica), compact, dark brown; teliospores (29-)34-50 x 20-26(-29) m, [or teliospores (41-)51-71 x (l4-)l7-20(-24) m] mostly oblong-ellipsoid, or clavate, wall 1.2-2 m thick at sides, 3-7 m apically, clear chestnut-brown or golden, smooth; pedicels to 30 m long, colorless or yellowish, thin-walled and mostly collapsing (Cummins, 1971). The variability of this complex is on the order of P. recondita and P. graminis. Aecia, where known or hypothesized, are on species of Solanum, Solanaceae. This species complex has been recorded on at least six genera of grasses, all in the tribe Paniceae. Puccinia substriata var. indica is the best known population because it attacks the widely cultivated Pennisetum glaucum (= Pennisetum typhoideum), pearl millet, in many warm areas of the world. In some older literature the rust on pearl millet has been reported as Puccinia penniseti Zimmerman (Ber. Land Forstw. Deutsch.. Oest Afr. 2: 11.1904-1906, not Barclay, 1891) and P. substriata var. pennicillariae. Figueiredo et al. (1971) was first to report the Aecidium tubulosum state of Puccinia substriata (Puccinia penniseti) on Solanum melongenum in Brazil. Vigas (1945: 77) was first to report the Aecidium tubulosum state of Puccinia substriata on Soalnum gilo from Brazil, not Paz Lima et al., (2002: 106). Ramachar & Cummins (1965) attribute the name Puccinia paspalicola (P. Hennings) Arthur to Arthur alone as Puccinia paspalicola Arthur but they nor Arthur made any specific reference to type material with telia. Cummins (1971) reported that Uredo paspalicola P. Hennings belongs with Phakopsora compressa not with Puccinia substriata and that Uredo stevensiana Arthur ( Mycologia 7: 326. 1915) on Paspalum spp. from Puerto Rico is a synonym of an anamorph of Phakopsora compressa, not Puccinia substriata as mistakenly reported by the Sydows (Monog. Ured. 4:607. 1924). Key to help identify varieties of Puccinia substriata, Poaceae (after Ramachar and Cummins, 1965) 1.Telia tardily exposed, teliospores mostly 43-60 x 19-24 m Puccinia substriata var. indica. 1. Telia early exposed 2 2. Urediniospore pores mostly slightly subequatorial Puccinia substriata var. substriata. 2. Urediniospore pores mostly equatorial 3. 3. Urediniospore pores mostly 3, sometimes 4, teliospores mostly 38-50 x 23-28 m Puccinia substriata var. imposita. 3. Urediniospore pores mostly 4, sometimes 3 or 5 4. Puccinia substriata var. penicillariae. 4. Teliospores mostly 43-60 x 23-27 m Puccinia substriata var. insolita. 4. Teliospores mostly 30-43 x 18-23 m see images of I spores.

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Puccinia synedrellae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA TAGETICOLA Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 26. 1897. TYPE on Tagetes tenuifolia Cav. (Tagetes patula Linnaeus) from Mexico, Jalisco: Guadalajara, 12 Oct 1896, Holway-s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Tagetes sp., Brazil, a collection not reported (Silveira, 1951: 223). Puccinia tageticola has been reported also from Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America, The West Indies, and Mexico on at least nine species of Tagetes, but its occurence in Brazil requires confirmation. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves and on stems, 0.2-2.5 mm in diameter, powdery, light cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, urediniospores 23-30 x 18-21 m, broadly ellipsoid to globoid, somewhat flattened laterally, wall 1.5-2 m thick, moderately echinulate except around pores, yellow, orange-yellow to golden brown, germ pores 2, equatorial, usually obscure, covered by low, colorless cuticular caps. Telia on both sides of leaves 0.3-1 mm across, blister-like at first, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, pulvinate, dark chocolate-brown to blackish, not internally compact but not powdery, teliospores 42-58(-62) x 27-39 m, broadly elipsoid to slightly broadly obovoid, rounded above and below, slightly or not constricted at the septum, upper cell slightly larger than the lower, wall 4-6 m thick laterally, 7-10 m above, smooth, dark chestnut-brown, pore of upper cell apical, pore of lower cell at septum, both with large pale umbos, pedicel up to 90 m long, usually thick-walled next to the spore, not collapsing laterally (Cummins, 1978). Puccinia indecorata from Bolivia is another rust reported on Tagetes: spermogonia and aecia unknown, uredinia an Aecidium sp., teliospores 40-65 x 20-24 m, ellipsoid, oblong to clavate, wall 1-1.5 m thick laterally , 5-9 m thick above, may germinate without dormancy. PUCCINIA TANACETI DeCandolle var. TANACETI, Fl. France 2: 222. 1805. TYPE on Chrysanthemum vulgare (Linnaeus) Bernh. from Europe (Nannfeldt et al., 1953). (?/?,IIpe/III). = Puccinia chrysanthemi Roze, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 16: 92. 1900. On Compositae: Chrysanthemum indicum Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (IBI-15911), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4674), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 19; IAC-3753, IBI-17597). Cummins (1978) reported that Puccinia tanaceti var. tanaceti is the name of the well known brown leaf rust of cultivated chrysanthemum which is distributed world wide. In much of older literature this rust has been reported under the name Puccinia chrysanthemi. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, commonly in circles, cinnamon-brown, powdery; without paraphyses; urediniospores (25-)28-32(-35) x (20-)22-26(-28) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or obovoid; walls more or less evenly 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, echinulate except over the pores, germ pores usually 3, equatorial, each with a conspicuously smooth cap. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, commonly in circles, compact, blackish-brown; teliospores (36-)40-56(-60) x (19-)22-28(30) m, mostly ellipsoid; walls (1-)1.5-2(-2.5) m thick at sides, (4-)6-8(-10) m at apex, finely punctateverrucose, verrucae spaced (0.5-)1-1.5(-2) m, appearing striate at apex; germ pore at apex in upper cell, at septum in the lower cell, nearly uniformly clear chestnut-brown; pedicel to 10 m long, colorless (Cummins, 1978). Puccinia tanaceti var. dracunculina differs from P. tanaceti var. tanaceti because the former has narrower urediniospores with thinner walls (Cummins, 1978). Another rust, the microcyclic white rust of chrysanthenum, Puccinia horiana, has recently become of more importance on commercially grown chrysanthemums. PUCCINIA TANACETI DeCandolle var. DRACUNCULINA (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Puccinia absinthii DeCandolle, Flore Fr. 5: 56. 1815. Puccinia dracunculina Fahrendorf, Ann. Mycol. 39-181. 1941. TYPE on Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh from The United States of America, Colorado: Boulder, Bartholomew and Bethel s.n. On Compositae

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Artemisia pontica Linnaeus, So Paulo (Figueredo & Hennen, 1979: 427; IBI-13398). Cummins (1978) reported that the rust that infects Artemisia spp. is Puccinia tanaceti var. dracunculina. Spermogonia and aecia have not been reported from Latin America. Figueiredo and Hennen (1979) first recorded this rust in Brazil. The rust was found on the experimentally cultivated Artemisia pontica that was grown in Brazil and other countries for absinth production, a bitter liquid that is used as a flavoring for liqouers, such as vermouth. Puccinia taraxici Plowright, see PUCCINIA HIERACEI (Roehling) Martius. Puccinia tassadiae H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PUCCINIA ROULINIAE P. Hennings. Puccinia tecomae Saccardo & P. Sydow, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM(Winter) Arthur. Puccinia tecomicola Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini)H. S. Jackson & Holway. Puccinia tetranthi H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 250. 1899. TYPE on Thalia dealbata Frasier (Marantaceae) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, March 1898, Ule-1044. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Puccinia cannae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 105. 1902. TYPE on Canna sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Horto Florestal, 23 April 1901, Puttemans s. n. Anamorph Uredo cannae Winter, Hedwigia 23: 172. 1884. TYPE on Canna sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, 23 April 1901, Ule19. Dicaeoma cannae (Winter) Arthur, N. Amer. Fl. 7(5): 380. 1920. = Uredo ischnosyphonis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 164. 1904. TYPE on Ischnosyphon leucophaeus Schumann (Marantaceae) from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru-Mirim, September 1901, Ule-2695. On Cannaceae: Canna indica Linnaeus, Amap (Hennen et al., 2001:153; IBI-17089), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 297; Vigas, 194: 18; IAC-3986; IBI-15190), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 148; IAN503), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 18; IAC-2909), Pernambuco (IBI-15585), Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4673), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 18; IAC-606; IBI-17712). Canna patens +, So Paulo (Puttemans-208). Canna sp., Bahia (IBI-13601), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 297), Par (IBI-13635), Pernambuco (Pickel, 1936: 212; IBI-13052), Rio de Janeiro (Sydow, 1907: 355; Jackson, 1926: 161), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 105; IBI-12315). On Marantaceae Calathea sp., Amap (Hennen et al., 2001: 152), Par (Sot-et al.-S98-136). Ctenanthe sp., So Paulo (IBI-12036). Ischnosiphon aruma (Aublet) Koernicke, Par (Albuquerque,1971: 149; IAN-649). Ischnosiphon leucophaeus Koernicke, Amap (Hennen et al., 2001: 153), Amazonas (Hennings, 1904: 164), Par (Dietel, 1909: 264). Ischnosiphon simplex Huber, Par (IBI-13270). Ischnosiphon sp., Par (Soto et al.-S97-385). Maranta arundinacea Linnaeus, So Paulo (IBI-9861). Maranta sp., Maranho (IBI-15633), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 50; IAC-3248), Rio Grande Do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 120), So Paulo (IBI-18285). Thalia dealbata Fraser, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 250). Marantaceae gen.indeten., Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14371), So Paulo (IBI-12085A). Puccinia thaliae is widespread in the Neotropics and subtropics where it is native on both Cannaceae and Marantaceae. It has also spread to other warm tropical regions of the world where the hosts are cultivated. This rust is best known on Canna spp. ("biri"), ornamental plants grown in parks and gardens in all of Brazil. It can be very descructive on leaves and eventually may kill the plants.

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Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.1-0.5 mm across, mostly on abaxial side of leaves, on small, inconspicuous, yellow to dark spots 1-2 mm across scattered or in irregular groups, subepidermal in origen, erumpent, powdery, bright yellowish when fresh; urediniospores 21-32 x 18-25 or 50-83-14-21 m, ovoid to pyriform, wall 1(-1.5, -2) m thick, echinulate, colorless, pores obscure. Telia 0.2-0.5 mm across, scattered or sometimes around the uredinia, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, long covered by the epidermis, blackish, loculate surrounded by blackish brown paraphysed, teliospores variable in different collections, 35-53 x 13-22, or 50-83 x 14-21 m, clavate to oblong, rounded, broadly rounded to pointed above, rounded or somewhat narrowed below, constricted or not at the septum, pedicel short, broken near the spore. Beause of the differences in the size of urediniospores in various collections, more than one taxon may be involved here. Puccinia tinctoria Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA EUPATORII Dietel. Puccinia trachytela H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA BANISTERIAE P. Hennings. Puccinia tuberculata Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM TUBERCULATUM (Spegazzini) Arthur. Puccinia tubulosa Arthur, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew. PUCCINIA TUYUTENSIS Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 70. 1881. TYPE on Cressa truxillensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth (reported as Evolvulus falcatus Grisebach by Spegazzini) from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Tuy, Dec 1880, Spegazzini s.n. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). ' Dicaeoma tuyutensis (Spegazzini) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plt. 3: 468. 1898. = Puccinia cressae Lagerheim [as (DC.) Lagerheim], Bol. Soc. Brot. 7: 131. 1889. TYPE on Cressa villosa. from Portugal, Villanova da Rainha, date of collection not determined, Welwitsch s.n. ' Dicaeoma cressae (Lagerheim) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plt. 3: 468. 1898. = Puccinia cretica Holway , Erythea 5: 31. 1897. TYPE on Cressa cretica from The United States of America, California: San Pedro, date?, McClatchie s.n. Synanamorphs Aecidium cressae DeCandolle, Fl. franc. 6: 89. 1815. TYPE on Cressa cretica from France, Perauls, near Montpelier (fide Arthur, 1920). = Aecidium tuyutensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 80. 1881. TYPE on Cressa truxillensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth (identified originally as Evolvulus falcatus) from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Tuy, Dec 1880, Spegazzini s.n. Uredo tuyutensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 76. 1881. TYPE on Cressa truxillensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth (identified originally as Evolvulus falcatus) from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Tuy, Dec 1880, Spegazzini s.n. On Convolvulaceae: Evolvulus falcatus Grisebach, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 223). This report requires confirmation. Puccinia tuyutensis has been reported from Argentina to The United States of America, the Mediterranean region, and the Middle East (mostly as P. cressae Lagerheim). Lindquist (1953, Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 5: 35-36) determined that P. cressae is a synonym of P. tuyutensis. Lindquist reported that spermogonial and aecial infections are systemic and induce swellings and malformations of infected areas. PUCCINIA ULEANA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 93. 1895. TYPE on Calea sp. (Compositae) from Brazil, Gois: Sobradinho, Feb 1893, Ule-2015. (?/?,?/III). Puccinia uleana has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Puccinia uliginosa Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CONSPERSA Dietel.

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PUCCINIA URBANIANA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 37: 278. 1898. TYPE on Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Vahl from Jaimaca, Port Antonio, date collected not available, Hymphrey s.n. (-/-,-/III or ?/?, IIIendo/IIIpuccinia). On Verbenaceae: Stachytarpheta (Valerianoides) cayenensis Rich, Bahia (PUR-F7175). Puccinia urbaniana has been reported also from Jamaica, Guyana, and Mexico. This record from Brazil requires confirmation. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia minute, confluent in compact groups on abaxial side of leaves, on rounded yellowish spots 5-10 mm in diameter, teliospores 30-45 x 13-22 m, oblong to oblong-clavate, rounded or rarely narrowed or truncate at the apex, slightly constricted at the septum, rounded or narrowed below, wall not or only slightly thicker above, pedicel up to 40 m long, thick, persistent, brownish (The Sydows, 1902). Several collections of Endophyllum stachytarphetae also have telia of Puccinia urbaniana , indicating a life cycle plasticity similar to Puccinia pampeana and Endophyllum pampeanum (Buritic & Hennen, 1980). Puccinia uraguayensis Spegazzini see PUCCINIA EUPATORII Dietel. PUCCINIA USTERII Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 5: 245. 1907. TYPE on Malpighiaceae genus undetermined, from Brazil, So Paulo, Villa Mariana, Nov 1905, Usteri s.n. (?/?,?/III). Puccinia usterii has been reported only from the type collection. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. See under Puccinia banisteriae for a key that aids in identification of species of Puccinia on Malpighiaceae. Puccinia vagans Arthur, see PUCCINIA PULVERULENTA Greville. PUCCINIA VALENTULA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 105. 1932. TYPE on Piptocarpha axillaris (Lessing) Baker from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, 6 Feb 1922, Holway-1539. (?/Icv?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Piptocarpha axillaria (Lessing) Baker, Minas Gerais (IBI-13202), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 105; IBI-14086-149). Piptocarpha regnellii (Schultz-Bipontius) Cabrera, Santa Catarina (IBI-12905). Piptocarpha sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F18932), Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F18930), So Paulo (IBI14264). Puccinia valentula has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia not reported. Aecia on adaxial side of leaves, aeciospores 30-39 x 26-28 m, irregularly broadly ellipsoid, wall (1-)2 m thick, hyaline, strongly verrucose but with a spot of coalessed verrucae that form irregular ridges. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, light chestnut-brown, powdery, paraphyses 90-160 x 12-22 m, long cylindrical, numerous, peripheral, wall more or less evenly ca 1 m thick, sometimes a little thicker at the apex to 3 m, pale golden-brown. Urediniospores 24-28 m in diameter, globoid, wall 2-3 m thick, a little thicker around pores, pale yellow-brown, minutely and moderately echinulate, spines 1.5-2.5(-3,5) m apart, pores obscure (+/- 3-6, scattered). Telia like the uredinia but chestnut-brown, teliospores 32-39 x 26-34 m, broadly ellipsoid to subgloboid, not constricted at septum, wall 3.5 m thick at apex, 2-2.5 m at sides, 5-6 m at septum, minutely inconspicuously verrucose, may appear minutely punctate or sometimes smooth, chestnut-brown, pores evident, near apex in upper cell, basal in lower cell, pedicel short, hyaline. ? PUCCINIA VALENTULA var thinner walled III-form. var. nov. J. F. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo. Puccinia valenzuelianae Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis. Puccinia vanillosmopsidis H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA VELATA Dietel.

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PUCCINIA VARIA Arthur, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 487. 1918. TYPE on an undetermined species of Acanthaceae from Guatemala, Panajachel, Solola, 30 Jan 1915, Holway-160. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Uredo varia P. Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 35. 1897. TYPE on an undetermined species of Acanthaceae from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, Dec 1891, Ule-1817. On Acanthaceae: Genus undetermined, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 35; Arthur, 1918: 487; PUR-F7521), So Paulo (Puttemans-1730). Not Rick, 1911: 177. Puccinia varia has been reported also from Costa Rica and Guatemala. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.3-0.8 mm diam, irregularly scattered or in more or less irregular concentric groups to 3 mm diam, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 27-35 x 22-30 m, obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate except around the pores, golden- yellow, pores 2, equatorial and opposite. Telia not seen, teliospores in uredinia 49-60 x 32-37 m, cylindrical to ellipsoid, obtuse-rounded above and below, usually slightly constricted at septum, wall 4-6 m thick at sides, 5-8 m thick above, smooth, chestnut-brown, pedicel to 30 m long, persistent, colorless, smooth (Laundon, (1963) Arthur (1918) and Laundon (1963) reported that the host may be Ruellia sp. or Jacobinia sp. and that no more teliospores are present on the type. Another anamorph (synanamorph) may be Aecidium venezuelanum. PUCCINIA VARIOIDES Joerstad, Ark. Bot. Series 2, 3: 445. 1956. TYPE on Aphelandra sp. from Ecuador, San Jorge, 1892, Lagerheim-sn. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo aphelandrae H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 96. 1932. TYPE on Aphelandra prismatica Hieronymus from Brazil, So Paulo: Alto da Serra, 14 June 1922, Holway-1970. On Acanthaceae: Aphelandra prismatica Nees, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 96; Laundon, 1963: 71). Puccinia varioides has been reported also from Ecuador. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, about 0.2-1 mm wide, tardily naked, ruptured epidermis evident, powdery, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (30-)39-45(-50) x 23-29(-31) m, obovoid to pyriform or clavate, wall 1-1.5 m thick, echinulate except around pores, yellow-brown, pores 2, equatorial and opposite. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-1.5 mm diam, irregularly scattered, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis noticeable; teliospores 46-65 x 20-30 m, ellipsoid, cylindrical, clavate, somewhat rounded above, constricted at septum, somewhat narrowed below, wall 0.5-1.5 m thick at sides, slightly thickened above 2-5 m, smooth, colorless to pale yellowish, smooth, pore apical above, at septum in lower cell, pedicel to 55 m long, 12 m thick, colorless, deciduous. PUCCINIA VELATA Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 31. 1897. (not Arthur, 1918). TYPE on Vanilosmopsis sp. (reported originally as on an unidentified genus of Compositae) from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Oro Preto, Feb 1892, Ule-1863. (?/?,?/III). = Puccinia vanillosmopsidis H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 105. 1932. TYPE on Vanillosmopsis erythropappa (DeCandolle) Schultz-Bipontius from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca, 23 Dec 1921, Holway-1420. On Compositae: Vanillosmopsis erythropappa (DeCandolle) Schultz-Bipontius, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 105). Vanilosmopsis sp., Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 31, IBI-12781). Puccinia velata has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia not seen, probably not formed. Aecia and uredinia not known. Telia hypophyllous, 0.2-0.4 mm in diam., without paraphyses, densly grouped, or scattered, chestnut-brown, pulverulent; teliospores 24-30 x 18-21 m [new measurements, (27-)29-32 x 21-22(-24 m], broadly ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, slightly or not constricted at the septum, wall 2.5-3 m thick [new measurements, lat wall 1.5-2 m, api wall 2-3 m], pale chestnut-brown, minutely verrucose, pore in upper cell apical, pore in lower cell next to the pedicel, pedicel mostly deciduous, hyaline, short (modified from Dietel, 1897).

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We compared the host of isotypes of Puccinia velata in BPI and HBG with our collections of Vanillosmopsis and determined that it also is Vanillosmopsis. Apparently when Jackson and Holway named Puccinia vanillosmopsidis they did not compare their material with Puccinia velata Dietel because it had been reported on an unidentified Compositae and they did not know that it was a species of Vanilosmopsis. PUCCINIA VENIABILIS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 119. 1932. TYPE on Vernonia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Teresopolis, 4 Oct 1921, Holway-1189. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Vernonia diffusa Lessing [ Vernonanthura diffusa (Lessing) H. Robinson], Santa Catarina (PUR-F17896), So Paulo (PUR-F7921, -F7922). Vernonia sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F18946), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 119), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 119; IBI-12078). Puccinia veniabilis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, in close groups, deep-seated, 100-135 x 75-90 m, punctiform, ostiolar filaments short. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves, solitary and in groups opposite the spermogonia, in groups of 2 to 4, peridium cylindrical, white, membranous; peridial cells 45-60 x 20-30 m, polyhedral,inner facing wall finely verrucose; aeciospores catenulate, 28-36 x 20-24 m, ellipsoid, cell wall 1.5-2 m thick, strongly verrucose-tuberculate and often striate, colorless or pale golden. Uredinia not seen. Urediniospores in telia 22-28 long. 22-28 m, . globoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, strongly echinulate, pale cinnamon-brown, germ pores scattered randomly 3 and 4, obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, widely scattered and densly grouped, 0.2-0.4 mm across, erumpent, pulvinate, chestnut-brown, becoming ashy-gray from germination, paraphyses peripheral, 60-100 m. 12-15 m, copius, incurved, 2-3 septate. cinnamonbrown. teliospores 17-24 x 60-100 m, cylindrical, rounded and frequently pointed at apical end, rounded at pedicel, truncate at base, not or slightly constricted at septum, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, thickened at apex, cinnamon-brown and pale chestnut brown, smooth; pedicel equal to spore or shorter, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Traits that help to identify Puccinia veniabilis include: long narrow teliospores, greatly thickened at the apex, the thickening usually much stronger on one side of the germ pore, and the strongly developed, thick-walled, 1-2 septate paraphyses. At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but three from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). PUCCINIA VERBENIPHILA Lindquist, Revista Fac. Agron. (La Plata) 44: 152. 1969. Nom. nov. for Puccinia elongata Spegazzini. (?/?,IIcv/III). Puccinia elongata Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 188. 1880. Not Puccinia elongata Schroeter, 1879. TYPE on Verbena littoralis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Argentina, Buenos Aires: "Boca del Riachuela", February 1880, C. Spegazzini-s.n. Anamorph Aecidium spegazzinianum Saccardo & Trotter, Syll. Fung. 21: 775. 1912. Nom. nov. for Aecidium verbenae Spegazzini. This is the anamorph for uredinia and probably for aecia if they are discovered. Aecidium verbenae Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient, Argentina 9: 174. 1880. TYPE on Verbena litoralis from Argentina, Rio de la Plata, ("spring") 1880, ? Spegazzini-s.n. Not Aecidium verbenae Roberge in Desmazieres, 1847. = Aecidium elongatum Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 95. 1925. Nom. nov. for Aecidium verbenae Spegazzini, not Aecidium elongatum Roberge in Desmazieres, 1847. = Aecidium verbenicola Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19 (ser. 3, v. 12): 323. 1909. TYPE on Verbena tenerae from Argentina: Buenos Aires: near Lazama, Nov 1904, Spegazzini-s.n. Not Aecidium verbenicola Ellis & Kellerman, 1884. = Aecidium verbeniphilum Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 102. 1925. Nom. nov. for Aecidium verbenicola Spegazzini. On Verbenaceae: Verbena bonariensis Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 24; IAC-234, -1970, -5540), So

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Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 24; IAC-2482, 3049). Verbena litoralis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, (V. brasiliensis Vell.), Minas Geais (Thurston, 1940: 298), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel,1899: 258; Jackson, 1932: 62), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 134), So Paulo (IBI-4165). Verbena monteseensis Sprengel, Paran (PUR-F19384). Verbena sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 62; Puttemans-2708), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1902D: 296), Santa Catarina (as Aecidium verbenae Spegazzini: Pazschke, 1892: 95; Hennings, 1896: 257), So Paulo (Lindquist, 1947: 375). Lindquist (1983) reported Puccinia verbeniphila also from Argentina. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia, Aecidium spegazzinianum, on the abaxial side of leaves and on stems, scattered in small groups of up to 6-10 sori, often closely grouped with telia, cupulate, yellowish; peridial cells polygonal, outer facing wall mostly smooth, inner facing wall verrucose to verrucosestriate; urediniospore catenulate, 14-22 x 14-8 m [19-26(-30) x 14-19(-21) m, fide Hennen from Puttemans-2708, Brazil] , globoid, wall 1-1.5(-2) m thick, strongly verrucose and with numerous, regularly placed, refractive granules 3-3.5 m in diameter, colorless. Telia mostly on stems, subepidermal in origin, erumpent but some remain covered within the stem tissues, up to 2-3 mm in diameter, compact, dark chestnut-brown; teliospores 44-75 x 12-14(-18) m, clavate-cylindrical, the upper cell usually shorter than the lower cell, obtuse above, narrowed below, little or not constricted at the septum, wall 1.5 m thich at sides, 710 m at apex, smooth, chestnut-brown; pedicel short, slightly pigmented. Often with one-celled teliospores 25-36 x 10-14 m (Lindquist, 1983). In specimens from Brazil the urediniospores have numerous, very obvious refractive granules, a trait not reported by other authors. Previous authors have referred to the Aecidium sori as aecia but because spermogonia have not been reported and telia often occur within or along side of the Aecidium anamorph we believe that they are uredinia. When aecia are discovered, we expect they will resemble these uredinia. Puccinia verbesinae Schweinitz, see PUCCINIA IRREGULARIS Dietel. Puccinia verbesinae Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA SPEGAZZINIANA De Toni. PUCCINIA VERBESINAE-DENTATAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 170. 1932. Type on Verbesina brachypoda Blake from Ecuador, Cuenca, 12 Sept 1920, Holway-983. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo verbesinae-dentatae Sydow, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift 52: 185. 1902. TYPE on Verbesina dentata Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Ecuador, place and date of collection not found, Lehmann-s.n. On Compositae: Verbesina glabrata Hooker & Arnott, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 170; PUR-F8321), So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 170). Pucinia verbesinae-dentataehas been reported only from Ecuador and Brazil. Jackson (1932) treated Pucinia verbesinae-dentatae as a new combination based on Uredo verbesinae-dentatae P. Sydow & H. Sydow. But because Jackson (1932) described telia from the specimen Holway-983, it must be taken as the lectotype and the name ascribed to Jackson alone. Jackson (1932) reported that the specimens cited from Brazil do not have telia and are assigned to Pucinia verbesinaedentatae tentatively. Jackson and The Sydows (1924) reported traits that may help to identify Pucinia verbesinaedentatae as: uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, about 1 mm across, scattered singly or in groups, dark brown, powdery; urediniospores 22-31 m in diameter, globoid, subgloboid, or ovoid, wall 2.5-4.5 m thick, shortly echinulate, chestnut-brown, germ pores 2, subequatorial in the lower 1/3 of the spore, opposite; telia pulvinate, light chestnut-brown, germinating at once; teliospores 75-120 x 18-24 m, long cylindrical, usurally tapering somewhat at each end, strongly constricted at the septum, the lower cell usually longer and narrower than the upper; wall 1-1.5 m thick, not thickened at the apex except very slightly so at the edge of the pore, golden-brown, smooth; pedicel equaling the length of the spore or shorter, colorless. PUCCINIA VERNONIPHILA Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19 (ser. 3, v.12): 306. 1909.

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TYPE on Vernonia flexuosa Sims [ Chrysolaena flexuosa (Sims) H. Robinson] from Argentina, Buenos Aires, Nov 1907, Spegazzini-s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Compositae: Vernonia glabrata Lessing [ Lessingianthus glabratus (Lessing) H. Robinson], So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 120). Vernonia squarrosa (Lessing) Lessing [= Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Kuntze) H. Robinson], So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 120). Vernonia sp., So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 120). Puccinia vernoniphila has been reported as very commun in Argentina and Uruguay (Lindquist & Rosengurtt, 1967). Although Jackson lists several collections under Puccinia vernoniphila, he reported that the exact status of this species is in doubdt. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, round, ruptured epidermis evident, powdery, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 23-29 x 22-25 m, globoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick, echinulate, golden yellow, pores 4, 5 or 6, scattered. Telia on abaxial or both sides of leaves, pulvinate, compact, dark choclate-brown; teliospores 48-57 x 25-29 m, ellipsoid, rounded or pointed at upper end, narrowed to pedicel, not or only slightly constricted at septum, wall 3.5-4 m thick on sides, 6-8 m at apex, smooth to lightly verrucose, chestnut-brown, pedicel about 1.5 times longer than the spore, flexuous, colorless (Lindquist, 1982). At least 45 species of Puccinia have been named on Vernonia spp., all but five from the Americas. Twenty of these are reported from Brazil. Descriptions and keys for these species are in Jackson (1918, 1932), and Urban (1973). Puccinia venustula Arthur, see PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter. PUCCINIA VERSICOLOR Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 28. 1897. TYPE on Heteropogon melanocarpus (Elliott) Bentham from Mexico, Jalisco: Guadalajara, 12 Oct 1896, Holway. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia trachypogonis Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 301. 1909. TYPE on Trachypogon spicatus (L. f.) Kuntze [reported as Trachypogon montufarii (Kunth) Nees] from Argentina, Catamarca: Jan 1903, Spegazzini-s.n. = Puccinia calchakina Spegazzini, Rev. Argent. Bot. 1: 110. 1925. TYPE on Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultz from Argentina, Salta, Dec 1896, Spegazzini-s.n. = Puccinia variospora Arthur & Holway, in Arthur, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 64: 86. 1925. TYPE on Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.)Rydberg from Bolivia, Nor Yungus: Hacienda Anacuri, June 1920, Holway-709. = Puccinia filipodia Cummins, Ann. Mycol. 35: 98. 1937. TYPE on Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultz from the Philippine Islands, Luzon: Hocus Sur Prov., Jan 1928, Clemens-17757. Synanamorphs (as reported in The Old World). Uredo themedae Dietel, uredeinial anamorph. Aecidium plectronae Cooke, aecial; anamorph. On Gramineae: Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultz, Cear (Cummins, 1953). Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston [reported as Andropogon hirtflorus (Nees) Kunth], Minas Gerais (Cummins, 1953). Puccinia versicolor has been reported in the New World from Argentina to Mexico and Texas near Mexico, and from warmer regions in Africa and Asia. Puccinia versicolor also parasitizes species in at least eight other genera of grasses in the tribe Andropogoneae (Cummins, 1971). Spermogonia and aecia reported as Aecidium plectroniae Cooke on species of Canthium, Rubiaceae, in India and Africa; and Lantana, Verbenaceae, in India; aeciospores 23-25 x 19-21 m, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, to 5 m apically, verrucose. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, yellow, without paraphyses; urediniospores (22-)25-33(-38) x (19-)2l-28(-30) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall 3-6(-8) m thick, the inner surface irregular and giving a stellate appearance to the lumen, colorless, moderately echinulate, germ pores 8-11, scattered, very obscure; occasional collections have cinnamon-brown spores with a uniformly

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2-2.5 m thick wall. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, to 4 mm long, early exposed, pulvinate, blackish brown; teliospores (33-)35-46(-50) x (22-)25-32(-35) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall (2.5-)3-4(-5) m thick at sides, 4-8(-12) m apically, deep golden or clear chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 130 m long, colorless, mostly thin-walled and collapsing at least in the lower part (Cummins, 1971). Traits that help to identify Puccinia versicolor include: uredinia without paraphyses, urediniospores wall colorless or nearly so, echinulate, pores scattered, (Cummins' group VI), pores are usually obscure in urediniospores of Puccinia versicolor but they are assumed to be scatterred and located in the thinner parts of the wall which is thickened in a stellate manner, teliospore pedicel mostly exceding 100 m long. PUCCINIA VINCAE Berkeley in Smith, Engl. Fl. V 2: 364. 1836. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo vincae DeCandolle, Fl. Fr. 6: 70. 1815. On Apocynaceae: Vinca major Linnaeus, So Paulo (Joerstad, 1959: 92). Puccinia vincae has been reported from Latin America only by Joerstad as cited above. Joerstad (1959) reported spermogonia, aecia, and telia in the specimen which came from So Paulo in the year 1847 collected by J. F. Widgren. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still exists in Brazil. Arthur (1934) reported that Puccinia vincae is adventive in the United States of America and Canada from Europe. Spermogonia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered among the aecia. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, systemic; aeciospores pedicellate, two sorts, early forms 38-40 x 22-24 m, ellipsoid, wall 4-4.5 m thick, colorless, echinulate, pores obscure, later forms 24-40 x 23-25 m, ellipsoid, wall 2-3 m thick, brown, echinulate, pores 3 or 4, equatorial. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, often among the aecia, dark cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 27-35 x 19-24 m, ellipsoid or oblong; wall 2-2.5 m thick, echinulate, dark cinnamonm-brown, pores 3-4, equatorial. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, chestnut-brown; often among the aecia or scattered separately, teliospores 31-40 x 19-26 m, ellipsoid or oblong, rounded at both ends, slightly or not constricted at the septum; wall uniformly 1.5-2.5 m thick, chestnut-brown, verrucose or verrucose-reticulate, the verrucae often in irregular longitudinal lines, pore of upper cell mostly apical, covered with a hyaline papilla, of the lower cell much depressed; pedicel to 10 m long, fragile, colorless (Arthur, 1934; Wilson & Henderson, 1966). PUCCINIA VINULLA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 100. 1932. TYPE on Valeriana scandens Loefling, Valerianaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo, Campos do Jordo, 21 April 1922, Holway-1746. (?/?,IIpe/III). Puccinia vinula has been reported only from the type. Jackson (1932) reported that the nearly colorless, smooth walled teliospores is an important trait to help identify this species. PUCCINIA VIRGATA Ellis & Everhart, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1893: 154.1893. TYPE on Sorghastrum nutan (Linnaeus) Nash from The United States of America, Kansas: Rooks County, s 23 Jan 1892, Bartholomew-s.n. (?/? IIpe/III). On Gramineae: Sorghastrum nutans (Linnaeus) Nash, Rio de Janeiro (Arthur, 1925: 192); So Paulo (Arthur, 1925: 125; Cummins, 1953: 25; IBI-1720). Sorghastrum pellitum (Hackel) Parodi, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 59). Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash, Gois (Cummins, 1953: 25. 1953). Puccinia virgata has been reported also from Mexico and The United States of America and on Erianthus sp. . Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia chestnut-brown, on both sides of leaves, paraphyses clavate or capitate, golden-brown, wall 1.5-3 m thick in stipe, 3-9 m apically; urediniospores 31-40(-43) x (16-)20-27(-30) m, mostly obovoid, wall 2-3 m thick, often 3-6 m apically, chestnut-brown apically, usually paler below, echinulate, pores 4(5), equatorial. Telia blackish brown, compact, early exposed; teliospores (40-)45-60(-75) x 18-26 m, mostly clavate, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 5-10(-12) m apically, chestnut-brown; pedicels to 20 m long, thick-walled, not collapsing, brown (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia vonguntenii Mayor, see PROSPODIUM VONGUNTENII (Mayor) Dietel.

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Puccinia wedeliae Mayor, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA WEDELIICOLA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 171. 1932. TYPE on Wedelia trichostephia DeCandolle, Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, 7 May 1922, Holway-1822. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Puccinia wedeliicola has been reported only from the type. Jackson reported that the aecia lack peridia. See Puccinia obrepta for a key to species of Puccinia on Wedelia. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves in groups of 4-8, punctiform, blackish, each with an obvious fascicle of periphyses, on discolored, somewht hypertrophied leaf spots. Aecia on the adaxial side of leaves, in groups around the spermogonia, without peridia, tardily erumpent, ruptured epidermis evident, whitish, powdery, aeciospores 18-21 x 24-36 m, ellipsoid, often irregular, wall 2-3 m thick, verrucosetuberculate crasse crebreque, colorless. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, subepidermal in origin, early erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, 0.3-0.5 mm. diam, powdery, cinnamonbrown; urediniospores 21-24 x 21 -27 m, irregularly globoid to ovoid, wall 1.5 2 m thick, minutely and sparsely echinulate, chestnut-brown, pores 2, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, erumpent, ruptured epidermis not evident, compact, flattened to subpulvinate by coalesence, chestnut brown but soon turning grayish by germination; teliospores 16-24 x 42-54 m, ellipsoid, oblong to clavate, rounded above, rounded or narrowded below to the pedicel, slightly constricted at the septum, wall smooth, 1-1.5 um thick at sides, 6-9 m at the apex with a broad pale yellowish umbo,; pedicel as long as or shorter than the spore, colorless (Jackson, 1932). Puccinia wedeliicola is quite different from others on Wedelia having thickened apices to the teliospores; on account of the number of pores in the urediniospore wall, and the abscence of a peridium in the aecia. See Puccinia obrepta for a key to species of rusts on Wedelia. Puccinia winteri Pazschke in Rabenhorst & Winter, see DASYSPORA GREGARIA (G. Kunze) P. Hennings. Puccinia zeae Berenger, see PUCCINIA SORGHI Schweinitz. Puccinia zinniae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, see PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres. PUCCINIA ZOYSIAE Dietel, Bot. Jahrb. 32: 48. 1902. TYPE on Zoysia japonica Steudel from Japan, Komaba in Tokyo, Sept 1899, Kusano-249. [?on Zoysia pungens Willd.: (= Z. matrella)]. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Puccinia ischaemi Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 15: 493. 1917. TYPE on Anamorph on Rubiaceae: 0/Icv Aecidium paederiae Dietel,1897, unknown in Brazil. On Gramineae, II/III: Zoysia matrella (Linnaeus) Merrell (reported originally as Zoysia pungens Willdenow), So Paulo (IBI-15485). Puccinia zoysiae was only recently found in Brazil (1990) and not reported in our Index (Hennen et al., 1982). But it has been reported from China, Japan, and The United States of America. The spermogonial and aecial infections were reported on Paederia chinensis, Rubiaceae, in Asia. Aecia (Aecidium paederiae Dietel) occur on species of Paederia, Rubiaceae, in Asia; peridia short; aeciospores 16-21 x 12-17 m, globoid or broadly obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 3-8 m apically, hyaline, finely verrucose. Uredinia on adaxial side of leaves, bright yellow when fresh, nearly colorless when dry; urediniospores 17-22 x (14-)15-18 m, mostly obovoid or ellipsoid; wall uniformly 1.5-2.5 m thick or thickened apically to 8 m, the thick-walled spores common in some collections, rare in others, echinulate, yellowish or colorless, germ pores very obscure, probably about 6, scattered. Telia on both sides of leaves, early exposed, blackish brown; teliospores (28-)30-40(-42) x (15-)16-22(-24) m, mostly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, (3-)4-6(-7) m apically, chestnut-brown except usually a pale differentiated area at the apex, smooth; pedicels to 100 m long, mostly thick-walled and not collapsing, yellowish (Cummins, 1971).

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The presence and proportion of urediniospores with a thickened apical wall varies greatly. Short, colorless, thin-walled paraphyses occur in some collections but apparently not in all. Asuyama (Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Japan 5:23-29 1935) proved the life cycle by inoculation of Paederia chinensis (Cummins, 1971). Puccinia zoysiae may cause unsightely foliage damage to lawns composed of Zoysia grass. Puccinia zorniae Dietel, see PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini var. OFUSCATA (Arthur) Cummins. PUCCINIASTRUM G. Otth, Mitth. Nat. Ges. Bern 1861: 71. 1861. TYPE species Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth on Epilobium sp Onagraceae, from Europe. Pucciniastrum is a genus of forty or more heteroecious species, widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. Where known, spermogonia and aecia occur on species of the Gymnosperm genera: Abies, Picea, and Tsuga. These host genera do not occur naturally in the Southern Hemisphere. Pucciniastrum agrimoniae is a wide ranging species that survives in the uredinial phase. Pucciniastrum epilobii on species of Onagraceae that also survives in the uredinial phase has been reported from Argentina. Telia may be difficult to detect because they are in short layers either within or immediately beneath epidermal cells. Teliospores are two to four celled by vertical septa. Uredinia barely protrude above the epidermis and are surrounded by a thin-walled, membranous peridium that opens by a pore. Peridial cells that surround the pore, "ostioler cells", are often enlarged and sometimes sculptured with warts or spines. These are useful for identifying some species. PUCCINIASTRUM AGRIMONIAE (Dietel) Tranzschel, Scripta Bot. Hort. Univ. Petropol. 4: 301. 1895. (?/? IIpe/III). )Thekopsora agrimoniae Dietel, Hedwigia 29: 153. 1890. TYPE on Agrimonia pilosa, from Russia, Siberia, Altai, date not reported by Dietel, Martianoff (Dietel reported, l.c., that the specimen was distributed in the ecsiccata Mycoth. univ. No. 2046). Anamorph Uredo agrimoniae (Caeoma (Uredo) agrimoniae) Schweinitz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 291. 1832. TYPE on Agrimonia parviflora Solander, from The United States of America, North Carolina, Salem, date not reported by Schweinitz, D. von Schweinitz. = Coleosporium ochraceum Bonorden, Beitr. z. Coniomyceten p.20: 1860. (only II). = Uredo agrimoniae-eupatoriae Winter, in Rabenhorst, Krypt. Fl.9:252. 1881. On Rosaceae (II,III): Agrimonia hirsuta Bongard, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 104). Agrimonia parviflora Alton, Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 33). Pucciniastrum agrimoniae is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. In South America, it has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia are unknown but Arthur (1934) predicted that when discovered they will be found on species of Tsuga, Pinaceae, in the Northern Hemisphere. The rust survives as urediniospores or as perenial uredinial mycelium in the roots of Agrimonia spp. (Ziller, 1974). PUCCINIASTRUM AMERICANUM (Farlow) Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 47: 468. 1920. (0/Icv II/III). Pucciniastrum arcticum var. americanum Farlow, Rhodora 10: 16. 1908. TYPE on Rubus sp. from The United States of America, Massachusets: near Cambridge, October 1875, Farlow-s.n. On Rosaceae Rubus idaeus Linnaeus (includes Rubus strigosus), So Paulo (Figueiredo, M. B. et al., 2003; IBI2002-12). Pucciniastrum americanum is native to North America and perhaps northern Eurasia. It was introduced accidently into Chile between 1975-1980 by importation of infected plants from North America. More recently, it was probably introduced similarly into Brazil. This rust species has also been intercepted by plant quarantine officers in the Miami, Florida on fruits of Rubus idaeus imported from Colombia.

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A disease of Rubus idaeus ("framboesa, red raspberries"), caused by the rust fungus Pucciniastrum americanum, was found for the first time in Brazil on cultivated plants and fruits from near Ibima, S. P. in May 2002. P. americanum is a heteroecious, long cycle rust native to Canada, The United States of America, and perhaps northern Eurasia. In its native areas it produces spermogonia and aecia on the Gymnosperms, Picea spp. ("spruce"). But in much of its geographic range the fungus persists by uredinial infections. [Records in the Arthur Herbarium, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U. S. A. show that] This rust was introduced from The United States of America into Chile between 1975-1980. [Records from The U. S. Department of Agriculture's National Fungus Collections show that] The rust has also been introduced into Colombia.

PUCCINIASTRUM GOEPPERTIANUM (Kuehn) Klebahn, Wirtsw. Rostp. p. 391. 1904. (0/Icv /III). = Calyptospora goeppertiana Kuehn, Hedwigia 8: 81. 1869. TYPE on Vaccinium vitis-idaea Linnaeus from Poland, montibus giganteis, loco Krummhbel, autumn, 1868, J. Khn. This is the type species of the genus Calyptospora Kuehn. Anamorph on Pinaceae(0/I, on Abies spp.in the Northern Hemisphere only): Peridermium ornamentale Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. C.ub 28: 665. 1901. TYPE on Abies lasiocarpa Nuttall from The United States of America, Washington: Mount Pado, 4 Sept 1900, W. N. Suksdorf s. n. (see Hiratsuka, Y. et al., 1967, for discussion of this species). = Peridermium holwayi H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 19. 1903. TYPE on Pseudotsuga douglasii from Canada, British Columbia: Glacier, date not recorded, Holway s.n. On Ericaceae (III): Gaylussacia brasiliensis Meissner, Rio de Janeiro (Silveira, 1974: 121). The record of Pucciniastrum goeppertianum in Brazil needs to be confirmed. Ziller (1974) reported telia of this rust from the Northern Hemisphere on Vaccinium spp. and the spermogonial and aecial anamorphs on Abies spp. Uredinia are not produced. He reported that some observations indicate that at least some populations of the rust may be microcyclic and that basidiospores produced on Vaccinium may reinfect Vaccinium. The telial infections incite witches brooms with characteristic continuous, glossy, reddish brown sori that surround the infected stems.
Pucciniola Marchand, Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 4: 47. 1829. See Laundon (1965A) for the complex details about the type species. Arthur (1921) used the genus name Pucciniola (= Uromycopsis) for 25 species that were formerly placed in Uromyces. Arthur proposed that Pucciniola be based on a confusing mixture of variations in the morphological and ontogenic concepts of life cycles. In ontogenic terminology the species are long cycled and autoecous, both the uredinia and aecia when known, have the morphology of the anamorph genus Aecidium. In herbarium specimens aecia can be identified only if spermogonia are present. In morphologic terminology the species have no uredinia. Teliospores are one celled. Later, Arthur abandoned the use of Puccinioloa and it is not used any more. Most of the species are now placed in Uromyces. See also Allodus and Uromycopsis. Pucciniola cestri (Montagne) Arthur, see Aecidium cestri Montagne (UROMYCES CESTRI Montagne). Pucciniola tweediana (Spegazzini) Arthur, see UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Holway. PUCCINIOSIRA Lagerheim, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 9: 344. 1891. TYPE SPECIES Pucciniosira triumfettae Lagerheim, a synonym of Pucciniosira pallidula (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. Family Pucciniosiriaceae. There are about 17 species worldwide, seven of which are in the neotropics. Probably Pucciniosira species are derived from species of Puccinia in which the life cycles are shortened. The telia have some traits of the telia and some traits of the aecia of the parental Puccinia species (Buritic & Hennen, 1980). Spermogonia subepidermal, globoid. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia short to long erumpent columns with a cylindrical peridium. Teliospores in vertical rows, ovoid or ellipsoid, 2-celled by a horizontal

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septum, with intercalary cells between the spores, spores weakly to strongly adherent, usually easily dividing into two cells; wall colorless to lightly pigmented, smooth or verrucose, germ pore one or obscure. Key to help identify species of Pucciniosira in Neotropica 1. On Tiliaceae A. Teliospores 20-28 x 10-18 m, walls smooth, colorless, ca 1 m thick 1. P. pallidula. On Heliocarpus, Triumfetta, South America, Central America, West Indies A. Teliospores 18-30 x 16-20 m, walls finely verrucose, pigmented, more than 1 m thick. 2. P. dorata. On Heliocarpus, Mexico. 2. On Solanaceae. A. Apical wall of lower cell of teliospores thickened all the way across. 3. P. solani. On Solanum, Ecuador. A. Apical wall of lower cell of teliospores not thickened or only partially so. 4. P. holwayi. On Solanum, Brazil. 3. On Compositae (Eupatoriae) . A. Peridial cells weakly developed, becoming widely separated in mature sori. 5. P. arthuri. On Eupatorium, Ecuador. A. Peridial cells well developed, remaining mostly intact in mature sori. B. Teliospores of two sizes, 28-42 x 18-42 m & 20-26 x 12-14 m, walls granularverrucose. 6. P. brickelliae. On Brickellia, Central America, Mexico. B. Teliospores mostly 26-40 x 18-28 m, wall smooth or minutely verrucose. 7. P. cumminsiana. On Eupatorium, Central America, Mexico. Pucciniosira albida Buritic & Pardo-Cardona, see PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. PUCCINIOSIRA HOLWAYI H. S. Jackson, Mycologia 26: 84. 1932. TYPE on Solanum laxiflorum Sendter from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 29 Dec 1921, E. W. D. Holway-1434. (0/-,-/III). = Pucciniosira hyphoperidiata Vigas, Bragantia 5: 51. 1945. TYPE on Solanum sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Ubatuba, Aguatuba, Alto da Serra, 23 Nov 1938, Vigas-2772. On Solanaceae: Solanum laxiflorum Sendter, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 84; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 31; PUR-8693). Solanum sp., So Paulo (Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 31; IAC-2772). Pucciniosira holwayi has been reported only from Brazil from the reports cited above. (Buritic, & Hennen, 1980). Pucciniosira hyphoperidiata Vigas, see PUCCINIOSIRA HOLWAYI H. S. Jackson. PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim, Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 16: 122. 1894. (0/-,-/III). ' Coleosporium pallidulum Spegazzini, Fungi Guaranitici, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 95. 1884. TYPE on Triumfetta sp., originally reported as Malvaceae, from Paraguay: Guarapi, July 1883, B. Balansa-s.n. = Pucciniosira triumfettae Lagerheim, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 9: 344. 1891. TYPE (Lectotype) on Triumfetta sp. from Ecuador, Guyas: Playas, Dec 1890, Lagerheim-s.n. Two other collections were also reported by Lagerheim. ' Pucciniosira pallidula (Spegazzini) P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 247. 1895. = Aecidium triumfettae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 259. 1896. TYPE on Triumfetta sp. from Argentina, Missiones: Loreto, 21 March 1884, Niederlein-s.n. = Aecidiella triumfettae Ellis & Kelsey, Bul. Torrey Bot. Club 245: 208. 1897. TYPE on Triumfetta sp. from St. Croix Island, Dutch West Indies, Jan-Feb 1896 (10 Feb 1896), A. E. Ricksecker-23. On Tiliaceae:

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Triumfetta abutiloides Saint-Hilaire, Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 96). Triumfetta astilboides, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 247). Triuimfetta rhomboidea Jacquin, Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17802). Triumfetta semitriloba L., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 477). Triumfetta sp., Mato Grosso (IBI-16769), Minas Gerais (IBI-12754), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 149; Buritic & Hennen, 1980: 30; IAN-691), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 477; IBI12824), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 131), Santa Catarina (PURF8682), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 52; IAC-1366; IBI-12222). Pucciniosira pallidula is widespread from Argentina to Mexico on species of Heliocarpus and Triumfetta (Buritic and Hennen, 1980). Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves; telia crowded in groups 1-2.5 mm across on small yellowbrown spots on abaxial side of leaves below the spermogonia,in short columns 0.1-0.15 mm across, pale yellow; peridium adherent to the teliospore column, peridial cells 16-24 x 10-16 m, oblong, inner facing wall 2-3 m thick, minutely verrucose, outer facing wall 5-8 m thick, more or less smooth; teliospores 20-28 x 10-18 m, ovoid, to oblong, rounded at both ends or one conical, slightly constricted at the septum, wall ca 1 m thick, without intercalary cells in mature part of sorus. (Buritic, & Hennen, 1980). Pucciniosira albida Buritic & Pardo-Cardona (Rev. Acad. Colombia. Scienc. 22: xx. 1998) on Triumfetta lapula Linnaeus from Colombia was reported to be almost identical to P. pallidula except for its white telia and teliospores. Pucciniosira pallidula (Spegazzini) P. Hennings, see PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. Pucciniosira triumfettae Lagerheim, see PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) Lagerheim. RAVENELIA Berkeley, Gard. Chron. 1853: 132. 1853. LECTOTYPE SPECIES Ravenelia epiphylla Schweinitz, originally reported as = Ravenelia glandulosa Berkeley & Curtis on Tephrosia virginiana (Linnaeus) Persoon from United States of America, South Carolina. Spermogonia mostly subcuticular (GroupVI, type 7), in a few species subepidermal (GroupVI, type 5). Aecia subepidermal or sometimes subcuticular in origin, erumpent, mostly with pedicellate spores (Uredo form), or in a few species with catenulate spores (Aecidium or Caeoma form). Uredinia mostly subepidermal or sometimes subcuticular in origin, erumpent, powdery, the Uredo form often with well developed, peripheral paraphyses; urediniospores born singly on pedicels, mostly echinulate, a few with spiral sculpture patterns. Telia subepidermal or sometimes subcuticular in origin, dark brown to nearly black, teliospores complex, with up to four kinds of cells, forming discoid shaped teliospores, with few up to 80 or more probasidial cells in a spore, these mostly in one layer of strongly, laterally adherent probasidial cells, in a few species 2 layers in the center part of the spore due to transverse or oblique septa, distal surface of teliospores smooth or sculptured and with polygonal outlines of the probasidial cell walls, with obscure germ slits or rarely germ pores, 1 in each cell, probasidial cells often subtended by small, dificult to observe, sterile, intercalary cells, these subtended by few to many, colorless, hygroscopic cysts, these in one series, "uniseriate", or in more than one series, "multiseriate", teliospores pedicellate, pedicel composed of 2 to a few, coherent hyphal strands united in fascicles, metabasidia external. Keys are presented below that may help to identify the species of Ravenelia in Brazil and the New World. Morphology of Ravenelia The teliospores of Ravenelia are the most complex of all fungal spores and are the largest of all rust spores. In some species individual spores can be seen by the unaided eye or a 10X hand lens. They have four kinds of cells: 1. Usually eight or more (up to at least 80) probasidial cells united laterally into a discoid layer. In some species two layers of probasidial cells occur in the central part of the spore. In distal view the probasidial cells appear polygonal, resembling the surface of a soccar ball. In most species of Ravenelia the probasidial cells have germ slits located in the distal cell walls immediately adjacent to the angle of a corner of a lateral wall (Lopez-Franco & J. F. Hennen, 1989). Some species produce germ pores, also difficult to observe. These slits and pores are difficult to observe because of the pigmentation and the refraction

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produced by the inner lateral walls. For most species neither germ slits nor pores have been demonstrated but it can be assumed that one or both occur. 2. The probasidial cells are often subtended by an inconspicuous layer of sterile intercalary cells. 3. Hygroscopic cysts subtend the sterile cells. In water the cysts expand, may burst, and release a gelatinous sticky substance. and 4. The complex spore is borne on a pedicel composed of two to several elongated, laterally united hyphal strands. Pedicels are attached either strongly or loosely at the base of the spore to either the cyst cells, or to intercalary cells, or directly to the probasidial cells. However, the precise internal structure and ontogeny of the teliospores is not well known. Because of their complexity, Ravenelia teliospores have been referred to as teliospore heads or "compound teliospores". Some mycologists have assumed that Ravenelia teliospores are the result of an evolutionary union of several single teliospores. But how ever these spores have evolved, they function as one unit of dispersal, thus we refer to these multicellular, complex structures as teliospores. The paraphyses found in uredinia of Ravenelia species are usually well differentiated and mostly peripheral. Some authors have reported intrasoral, long, narrow, usually thin-walled, hyaline, pedicel-like structures that arise sympodially from the urediniosporogenous cells as paraphyses. Each sporogenous cell produces pedicellate urediniospores that are deciduous, leaving a long, old pedicel still attached to the sporogenous cell. After a few spores have been produced, the sporogenous cell remains in the sorus with the old pedicels still attached. These may appear to be paraphyses. It is not clear if the sporogenous cells also produce structures similar to these old pedicels but without spores. If so these could be called paraphyses. However, because these pedicel-like structures occur with all pedicellate urediniospores of Ravenelia, we have not described them as paraphyses, but assume that they are old pedicels. In nature many species of Ravenelia seem relatively benign on their hosts, but some species incite spectacular galls and witches brooms. The galls of R. edulis, a species in India on Acacia sp., are said to be eaten when young and fresh. Host and geographic range of Ravenelia species Although Ravenelia species have been reported on Euphorbiaceae, Tiliaceae, and Zygophyllaceae, those rust species have been transferred to other genera or hosts were missidentified. Ravenelia species occur only on the Leguminosae. All three subfamilies of legumes have their own Ravenelia species. These various specificity relations between host and parasite is another important area for speculation about coevolution. Although Ravenelia species are most numerous in tropical and subtropical arid regions where many Faboideae, Caesalpinneae and Mimoseae host species abound, very dry deserts and even rain forests also have species of Ravenelia. The Neotropics have the most species, followed by the tropics and subtropics of Africa and then Asia. Nearly 115 species of Ravenelia are known in the Western Hemisphere. About 40-45 of these are from Brazil occurring commonly on Acacia, Calliandra, Cassia (including Senna and Chamaecrista), Lonchocarpus. No species have been reported Europe, and until recently, Australia. Most species of Ravenelia are known only from their type specimen or only a few collections. At least one species, R. opaca, reported to be on Gleditisia triacanthus from southern Illinois in the United States of America, is probably extinct. The host is a very common weedy tree in the eastern half of the USA, but no reports exist for the occurrence of this species except for that of the type which was collected 13 Aug 1890. Several mycologists have made special efforts to search for this species without success. Mimosa. Taxa related to Ravenelia Kernkampella is a rust genus that was formerly included in Ravenelia but all of its species parasitizes species in the Euphorbiaceae. Only one species, K appendiculata on Phyllanthus spp., has been reported in the New World, from Bolivia to Mexico. The other species are from Asia, mostly from India. The separation of these two genera is problematical. Except for Kernkampella, no other rust genus has spores with multihyphal pedicels. Only the pedicels of teliospores of some species of Tranzschelia, which are laterally united only partway toward their base, approach this condition. A few species of Ravenelia may have a few of their teliospores with pedicels composed of only a single hyphal cell intermixed with teliospores with multihyphal pedicels. A closely related genus, Spumula, has complex teliospores similar to Ravenelia but its pedicels are always composed of a single hyphal strand. Comparative morphology suggests combining Cystomyces (a genus with only one species, C. costaricensis, from Costa Rica) with Ravenelia or designating Cystomyces as a satellite genus directly related to R. atrocrustacea. A difference between these two taxa is that R. atrocrustacea has multihyphal pedicels in teliospores that have four or more probasidial cells. Spores with three cells have two cysts and unihyphal

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pedicels just as in Cystomyces. Teliospore cells in both species have similar distal germ slits and both lack intercalary (patelliform layer) cells. Savile (198?) speculated that because the teliospores of Ravenelia appear to mimic the compound pollen grains (polyads) of the Mimoseae subfamily of legumes, that they are gathered and disseminated by bees. Savile suggested coevolutionary phenomena, that he did not explain, to account for this. interaction between host, fungus, and insect. A more obvious adaptation from field observation sugggested by Thirumalachar and Mundkur (1950) and others is that the hygroscopic cysts that subtend the multicellular spores swell and burst when wet and act as a glueing agent for the spores when they are dislodged from their sori, disseminated, and land in a new place some distance from the original sorus. Sori that are adaxial are often shaped like little splash-cups which may further aid dissemination by rain drops. The teliospores are too large for long distance dissemination by wind. Also the gelatinous material of the burst hygroscopic cysts probably absorbs and retains sufficient water to aid in germination of the probasidial cells. This germination process results in the formation of several metabasidia and basidiospores from the same multicelled teliospore. The descriptions of species and some keys recorded here are mostly from an unpublished manuscript by Hennen and Cummins. Most of the World's species of Ravenelia are included in the United States Department of Agriculture, National Fungus Collection Web site. 1. See Ravenelia bakeriana for a key to to help identify species of Ravenelia on Lonchocarpus and Derris. 2. See Ravenelia cohniana for a key to help identify species of Ravenelia on Caesalpinia and Cenostigma in the Neotropics. 3. See Ravenelia comptula for a key to help identify species of Ravenelia reported on Calliandra. 4. See Ravenelia dentifera for a key to help identify Ravenelia species on Cassia sensu lato in the Americas, genera:, Cassia, Chamaecrista, and Senna, in the Neotropics. 1. Key to Ravenelia on Caesalpiniodeae (Caesalpiniaceae) in the Americas (host leaves mostly once pinnate). (21 rust species) Host genera: Caesalpinia, Cassia, Cenostigma, Chamaecrista, Senna. Br = reported from Brazil 1. Teliospore probasidial cells smooth. 2. Paraphyses lacking. 1. R. cassiaecola var.berkeleyi. 3. Urediniospore pores scattered (Chamaecrista). 2. R. microcystis.(Cassia) Br. 3. Urediniospore pores equatorial 2. Paraphayses present (3 leads for #4) 4. Urediniospore pores scattered, spores echinulate. 5. Central probasidial cells mostly 13-17 m across 3. R. mesillana.(Senna). 5. Central probasidial cells mostly 18-22 m across 4. R. arthuri.(Senna). 4. Urediniospore pores bizonate, spores echinulate 5. R. macrocarpa.(Senna) Br. 4. Urediniospore pores unizonate, spores striated. 6. R. corbuloides.(Caesalpinia). 6. Urediniospore pores equatorial, 3-5 6. Urediniospore pores basal, 2 7. R. spiralis. (Cenostigma). 1. Teliospores with some probasidial cells ornamented. 7. Paraphayses lacking. 8. Urediniospore pores scattered. 9. Urediniospores mostly 20 m or longer. 10. Probasidial cells each with 1 tubercle 4-8 m long 8. R. bella. (Senna). 10. Probasidial cells merely finely rugose 9. R. uleana. (Chamaecrista). 9. Urediniospores mostly less than 20 m long. 11. Teliospore pedicel deciduous, spores with spines

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10. R. mirandensis. (Senna). 11. Teliospore pedicel persistent, to 25 m wide, spores with few beads/warts or smooth 11. R. cassiaecola var. cassiaecola (Chamaecrista) 8. Urediniospore pores equatorial. 12. Probasidial cells each with 5-7 spines/cones 12. R. cohniana. (?Caesalpinia, etc.) Br. 12. Probasidial cells unadorned except peripheral cells. 13. Peripheral cells each with rounded tubercle to 7 m long; urediniospores 12-14 m long 13. R. microspora. (Senna) Br. 13. Peripheral cells each with tooth or prong to 17 m long; urediniospores 18-20 m long 14. R. dentifera. (Senna) Br. 7. Paraphayses present. (add Ravenelia faceta, Spumula faceta) 14. Teliospores with sterile peripheral cells with outgrowths that branch finely and profusely apically, urediniospore walls with spiral, finely notched flanges 15. Ravenelia cenostigmatis (Cenostigma) Br. 14. Teliospores without such peripheral outgrowths 15. Urediniospore pores scattered, spores echinulate. 16. Teliospores smooth except peripheral cells rarely with 1 papilla 3. R. mesillana. (Senna). 16. Teliospores rarely smooth, ornamentation various. 17. Probasidial cells each with 0-5 beads/warts 16. R. humphreyana. (Caesalpinia). 17. Probasidial cells with other ornamentation. 18. Probasidial cells each with 1 tubercle/cone 17. R. spinulosa. (Senna). 18. Probasicial cells each with 3 or more tubercles. 19. Paraphyses thick-walled; urediniospores 14-17 m long 18. R. humphreyana var. inconspicua. (Caesalpinia). 19. Paraphyses thin-walled; spores 21-25 m long . 19. R. indigoferae (Papilionoideae) Br. 15.Urediniospore pores equatorial, spores striated spirally. 20. Peripheral probasidial cells each with 1 prominent tubercle, inner 20. R. corbula. (Caesalpinia). spores warted 20.All probasidial cells with similar tubercles/spines 21. R. pileolarioides. (Caesalpinia) Br. 2. Key to Species of Ravenelia on Papillionoideae in the Americas (22 species) (leaves once pinnate or trifoliolate) Andira, Brongniartia, Cratylia, Erythrina, Gleditsia, Indigofera, Lonchocarpus, Piscidium, (Senna), Tephrosia 1. Teliospores with unadorned (smooth) surface 2. Species with telia only (microcyclic) 1. R. opaca. (Gleditisia) USA 3. Telial cysts pendent with narrow base 3. Telial cysts united from margin to pedicel 4. Sori with paraphyses to 170 m long

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2. R. sydowiana. (Lonchocarpus) Br 4. Sori lacking paraphyses 5. Teliospores mostly 3-5 cells wide 6.Spermogonia subepidermal 3. R. atrocrustacea. (Lonchocarpus) Br 6. Sori subcuticular 4. R. lonchocarpicola. (Lonchocarpus) 5. Teliospores mostly 6-9 cells wide 7. Central cells mostly 12-17 m across 5. R. mera var mera. (Lonchocarpus) 7. Central cells mostly 16-22 m across 6 R. mera var. robusta (Lonchocarpus) 2. Species with uredinia and telia 8. Uredinia with paraphyses; inner probasidial cells 2-layered 7. R. laevis (Indigofera) 8. Uredinia without paraphyses 9. Urediniospore pores scattered 10. Urediniospores mostly 19-23 m long; all probasidial cells 18. R. caulicola. (Tephrosia) layered 10. Urediniospores mostly 23-27 m long; inner probasidial cells 29. R. similis. (Brongniartia) layered 9. Urediniospore pores equatorial 11. Urediniospores mostly 27-33 m long; inner probasidial cells 10 . R. epiphylla (Tephrosia) 2-layered 11. Urediniospores mostly 33-42 um long; all probasidial cells 111. R. platensis (Erythrina) Br layered 1. Teliospores with at least some cells surface adorned 12. R. goyazensis. (?Andira) Br 12. Species with telia only (microcyclic) 12. Species with uredinia and telia 13. Peripheral probasidial cells each with a long projection 14. Inner probasidial cells unadorned (smooth) 13. R. fimbriata. (Senna) Br 14. Inner probasidial cells with warted surface 15. Paraphyses lacking 14. R. brongniartiae. (Brongniartia) 15. Paraphyses present, branched with Uromyces-like apex 15. R. bakeriana. (Lonchocarpus) Br 13. Peripheral probasidial cells with surface as the inner cells 16. Uredinia lacking paraphyses 17. Urediniospore pores scattered 16. R. irregularis (Tephrosia) 17. Urediniospore pores equatorial 18. Germ pores 3; all teliospore cells 1-layered 17. R. pernigra. (Cratylia) Br 18. Germ pores 3-5 (-6); inner teliospore cells 2-layered 19. Probasidial cells each with usually 6-9 tubercles 18. R. rubra. (Tephrosia) 19. Probasidial cells each with 3-15 bead-like warts 19. R. talpa (Tephrosia) 16. Uredinia with paraphyses 20. Urediniospore pores scattered 21. Inner probasidial cells 2-layered, each with tubercles 20. R. indigoferae (Indigofera) Br 21. All probasidial cells 1-layered, surface obscurely warted 21. R. piscidiae. (Piscidium) 20. Urediniospore pores zonate

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22. Pores 2, basal, spores reniform 22. R. lonchocarpi. (Lonchocarpus) Br 22. Pores several, bizonate (also some scattered) 21. R. piscidiae. (Piscidium)

Species of Ravenelia in Brazil

Ravenelia acaciae-farnesianae P. Hennings, see RAVENELIA HIERONYMI Spegazzini. Ravenelia affinis P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , see RAVENELIA DIETELIANA P. Hennings. Ravenelia amazonica Sydow, see UREDO AMAZONICA (H. Sydow) J.W. Baxter. Ravenelia antiguana Cummins, see RAVENELIA INDIGOFERAE Tranzschel. RAVENELIA ARMATA H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 68. 1916. TYPE on Calliandra sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Roraima: Dec 1909, Ule- 3381 (B). (?/?,II/III). Ravenelia armata has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves but mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, becoming erumpent and surrounded by upturned epidermis, without paraphyses, cinnamon-brown, commonly circinately arranged, urediniospores (26-)29-35(-38) x 18-24(-25) m, mostly obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, to 3 m at base and 3-4.5 m at apex, cinnamon-brown but at the apex the outer part paler brown., echinulate, pores 5-7, mostly 6, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia but blackish brown, teliospores (65-)75-80(-85) m diam., chestnut-brown, mostly with 4 central and 6 peripheral probasidial cells, 3-4 cells across, cells in one layer, each with a small intercalary cell and germ slit, central cells 28-33 m across, each cell with several, 8-20 colorless papillae or rounded spines to 5 m long and 2-3 m wide at base, cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, coherent, appressed or appressed pendent, pedicel colorless, of few (2 ?) hyphae, deciduous. The species is similar to Ravenelia echinata Lagerheim & Dietel var. ectypa (Arthur & Holway) Cummins in typically having teliospore heads with 4 central and 6 peripheral cells but that fungus has scattered pores in the urediniospores. RAVENELIA ATROCRUSTACEA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 159. 1904. TYPE on Lonchocarpus sp. (reported originally as Swartzia sp.) from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru Miry, Aug 1901, Ule 2930. (0/-.-/III). = Ravenelia tauaensis Vigas, Bragantia 5: 57. 1945. TYPE on Lonchocarpus sp. from Brazil, Paraba: Taua, Alagoinha, 11 Dec 1938, Deslandes-147. On Leguminosae: Lonchocarpus sp., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 159), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 57; IBI-3159). Ravenelia atrocrustacea has been reported also from Peru. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, type 5. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Teila on the adaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, surounding the spermogonia, mostly confluent, blackish, without paraphyses, teliospores (40-)50-90 m diam, dark chestnut-brown or often opaque, without a discrete, pale outer layer, smooth, 3-5 probasidial cells across, with germ slits, cells in one layer, central cells (18-)22-28 m across, intercalary cells not seen, cysts uniseriate of same number as or fewer than the peripheral cells, large, firmly united, adherent to spore, swelling together to about the same size as the spore, pedicel of one or a few hyphae, mostly persistent, to 180 m long. Baxter (1969) first discovered that spermogonia of R. atrocrustacia were subepidermal in origin, a trait that separates it from other species of Ravenelia on Lonchocarpus. He also was first to determine that R. tauensis Vigas is a synonym of R. atrocrustacea. Baxter (1969) also identified the anamorph spores that Vigas had erroneously determined as urediniospores of R. tauensis as spores of another species, Uredo irensis Dale. See notes with the description of the genus Ravenelia for speculation about the relation of R. atrocrustacea with the genus Cystomyces. See Ravenelia bakeriana for a key to species of Ravenelia on Lonchocarpus and Derris

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RAVENELIA BAHIENSES P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 267. 1908. TYPE on Mimosa misera Bentham (Mimosa remansoana Harms), Leguminosae, from Brazil, Bahia: Remanso, Jan 1907, Ule 3321. (-/,-/III). Ravenelia bahiense has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia unknown, probably not produced. Telia on stems on somewhat deformed young branches, confluent over extended area, on the abaxial side of on leaflets but not common, black, without paraphyses, teliospores (40-)55-65(-67) m diam, chestnut-brown, smooth, with a thin, pale outer wall layer, (3) 4 or 5 (6) probasidial cells across, cells in one layer, with intercalary cells and germ slits, central cells (18-)20-22(-23) x (15-)16-19 m in surface view, cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, pendent, globoid, pedicel colorless, of few hyphae, deciduous. The specimen has the aspect of a part of a witches broom but Hennings describes it aspaulo deformantibus. The species undoubtedly is mirocyclic. RAVENELIA BAKERIANA Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 6: 97. 1908. TYPE on Lonchocarpus sp.,from Brazil, Par: hort. bot. Belm, 15 Apr 1908, Baker s.n. isotypes Sydow, Fungi exotici exsiccati No. 18. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo margine-incrassata P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 41:(15). 1902. TYPE on Lonchocarpus sp.from Brazil, Par: Belm, Apr 1900, Huber 27. On Leguminosae: Derris glabrescens (Bentham) Macbride (Lonchocarpus glabrescens Bentham), Par (PUR89529). Derris spruciana (Bentham) Ducke, Par (IBI-13256). Lonchocarpus sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-15334), Maranho (IBI-17102). Ravenelia bakeriana has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia subcuticular (type 7), on both sides of leaves, in close groups up to 1 mm across, in brownish leaf spots. Aecia (Uredo margine-incrassata) on both sides of leaves, in a circle around the spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, with abundant peripheral, 1- or 2- septate, often branched paraphyses which are united basally and with capitate, brown, apically thick-walled, Uromyces-like apices, aeciospores pedicellate, (28-)30-41(-43) x (24-)26-35 m, asymmetrical, more or less triangular with 3 conspicuous supraequatorial lobes with 1 pore each, the aspect of the spore differing with differing orientation, wall cinnamon-brown, uniformly echinulate. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, paraphyses and spores similar to those of aecia or somewhat darker nearing chestnut-brown. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, blackish brown, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, with encircling paraphyses as in uredinia, teliospores (44-)55-74(-85) m wide, (2) 3-5 probasidial cells across, most commonly 4 probasidial cells across with 4 central and 8 peripheral, cells in one layer, central cells (18-)22-26(-28) m across in surface view, dark chestnut-brown, densely verrucose or tuberculate with warts mostly 3-4 m high except some to 10 m near the cysts, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, pendent, mostly free, sometimes with a few tubercles, pedicel multihyphal, deciduous. Traits that help identify Ravenelia bakeriana are its unusual anamorph spores that are three lobed in the equatorial region with a germ pore in each lobe, and paraphyses 1- or 2- septate, often branched, united basally, and with capitate, brown, apically thick-walled, Uromyces-like apices. Cummins (1937) and Baxter (1968) reported that these anamorph spores and paraphyses are indistinguishable from those of Dicheirinia guianensis Cummins on Lonchocarpus nicou DeCandolle. ? See Ravenelia lonchocarpi for comparison of tuberculate teliospores in two Holway collections from So Paulo, Brazil identified as R. lonchocarpi. 3. Key to help identify Species of Ravenelia on Lonchocarpus and Derris spp. Also see keys to help identify species of Dicheirinia 1. Teliospores with at least some cells with surface sculpture; pedicellate anamorph spores produced 2. Peripheral probasidial cells with long projections, central probasidial cells closely, irregularly tuberculate, anamorph spores 3-lobed or quadrangular, paraphyses often mimic Uromyces or Puccinia teliospores Ravenelia bakeriana (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) (Brazil) 2. All probasidial cells with surface sculpture as columnar or conical projections, anamorph spores

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asymmetrical, reniform in side view, obovoid to pyriform in face view, paraphyses incurved, dorsal wall thickened, apex sharp pointed Ravenelia lonchocarpi (0/Ipe,IIpe/III) (Brazil) 1. Teliospores with cells not sculptured, no pedicellate anamorph spores produced Ravenelia sydowiana (0/-,-/III) 3. Sori with paraphyses to 170 m long. (Brazil, Argentina) 3. Sori lacking paraphyses 4. Teliospores mostly 3-5 cells across Ravenelia atrocrustaceae (0/-,-/III) 5. Spermogonia subepidermal. (Brazil, Peru) Ravenelia lonchocarpicola (0/-,-/III). 5. Spermogonia subcuticular. (Argentina) 4. Teliospores mostly 6-9 cells across. 6. Central teliospore cells mostly 12-17 m diam. Ravenelia mera var. mera (0-/,-/III) (Mexico, Central America, Bolivia) 6. Central teliospore cells mostly 16-22 m diam Ravenelia mera var. robusta (0-/,-/III) (Guatemala) RAVENELIA BEZERRAE J. C. Dianese, Medeiros & Furlanetto in J. C. Dianese et al., Fitopatol. Bras. 18: 444. 1993. TYPE on Enterolobium ellipticum Bentham from Brazil: Federal District: Papuda, 3 Apr 1993, J. C. Dianese s. n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Ravenelia bezzerrae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia, unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, light brown, ? paraphyses hymenial, 24-35 x 2-3 m, abundant, cylindrical, rounded at tip, grouped around each urediniospore. Urediniospores (24-) 25-26 x (15-)16-18 m, wall 3-5 m thick, germ pores 4, equatorial, sporogenous cells 20-25 x 4-6 m. Telia mostly on the adaxial side of leaflets, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brown to dark brown; teliospores (65-) 72-77(-80) m diameter, 4-5 probsidial cells across, each cell with 3-5 spines, mostly with 2-4 central spores and 6 peripheral cells, central cells 25-21 m across, cysts 6, uniseriate, coherent, appressed to lower face of spore; pedicel unihyphal, thick, persistent (Dianese et al., 1993). The hymenial paraphyses included above are probably old urediniospore pedicels. See notes under the description of the genus Ravenelia. The teliospore pedicels were reported as composed of a single hyphal strand. Unless multihyphal pedicels can be demonstrated, this rust may be a Spumula. Ravenelia capituliformis P. Hennings, see OLIVEA CAPITULIFORMIS Arthur. RAVENELIA CEBIL Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 295. 1909. TYPE on Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Bentham) Bren. (originally reported as Piptadenia macrocarpa Benthan) from Argentina, Tucumn: Parque Roca, 10 Apr 1906, Spegazzini s. n. (LPS 4950; unsatisfactory condition for study!). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Ravenelia mineirosensis Rezende & Dianese sp. nov., see discussion below. Anamorph Uredo vilis (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) J. W. Baxter, Mycologia 67: 437. 1975. ' Ravenelia vilis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 68. 1916. TYPE on Anadenanthera sp. (reported originally as Piptadenia sp.) from Brazil, Cear: Serra de Maranguape, Oct 1910, Ule-3408. Telia not described. On Leguminosae Anadenanthera colubrina (Vall.) Bren. var. cebil (Grisebach) V. Reis, from Argentina. Anadenanthera peregrina (Linnaeus) Spegazzini var. falcata (Bentham) V. Reis, So Paulo (IBI16897). Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, Gois (IBI-16662), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14360), Minas Gerais (IBI-15342), So Paulo (IBI-15111).

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Anadenanthera sp., Amap (IBI-16617), Mato Grosso (IBI-16719), Cear (IBI-17116). Ravenelia cebil has been reported also from Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and perhaps Puerto Rico. Spermogonia few in a group, on both sides of leaves, sub-cuticular in origin. Aecia, aeciospores, and paraphyses as in uredinia but among and opposite spermogonia. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, paraphyses, peripheral, abundant, brown, capitate, apically thick-walled to 10 m; urediniospores pedicellate, (18-)21-28(-33) x (10-)12-15(-16) m, ellipsoid, elongately obovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 1.5(-2) m thick or slightly thicker at apex, about cinnamon-brown, inconspicuously echinulate, often appearing smooth apically, pores 4-6 equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves in small groups, subcuticularin origin, erumpent, blackish brown, teliospores (50-)70-100(-100) m diam, chestnutbrown with a pale, thin, outer layer, smooth or minutely verrucose, (5-)6-8(-9) probasidial cells across, inner cells 2-layered, central cells (14-)15-18(-19) m across, cysts multi-seriate, pendent, pedicel colorless, multihyphal, deciduous. Lindquist (Rev. Fac. Agron. 30: 122. 1954) cites LPS 4959 as the type for Ravenelia cebi,but the specimen labelled type received from Instituto Spegazzini bears LPS 4950. The packet has drawings by Spegazzini on the front. The type is not satisfactory for study but the identity of R. cebil is not in doubt. The seeds of the hosts give a potent hallucinogenic snuff (Mabberley, D. J. 1987. The plant book, p. 27, Univ. Cambridge Press). We believe that Ravenelia emaensis and R. mineirosensis, both reported on Anadenanthera and their description and notes copied from the original publication as shown below, are probably synonyms of Ravenelia cebil. But we have not yet been able to examine the type specimens. 1. R. cebil, 2.R. mineirosensis, 3. R. emaensis, (comparisons from literature) II spores m wall pores sculpture 1. (18-)21-28(-33) x(10-)12-15(-16) 1.5(-2) 4-6 equa echin, smooth apically 2. (17-)23(-28) x (14-)15(-18) 2(-3) 4-6 scat equat strongly echin 3. (22-)27(-30) x (10-)13(-15) (?) 2-3-4 equat cylindrical echin III spores cells across 1. (5-)6-8(-9) 2. 5-7 3. 6-7 1 or 2 layers 2-layer (?) ? 2-layer wide m (50-)70-90(100) (85-)96(-110) (89-)96(-110) cysts multiser 6-8 uniser outer layer pale thin ? ? sculpt smo/verr smo smo

RAVENELIA MINEIROSENSIS Rezende & Dianese sp. nov. Etymology: after Mineiros, a city of the State of Gois close to the site where the type was collected. Holotypus: in foliis vivis Anadenantherae colubrinae (Vell.) Brenan var. colubrinae; Brazil, Goias, "Parque Nacional das Emas", in agro gramineo, Mineiros, , 13 April 1997, M. Sanchez 2657, UB Col. Micol. 14369. Isotypus: in foliis vivis Anadenantherae colubrinae (Vell.) Brenan var. colubrinae; Parque Nacional das Emas, via flumen Jacuba, Mineiros, GO, 11 IV 1997, Pfenning 102, UB Col. Micol. 14258. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia (33-)55(-95) x (33-)38(-63) mm, hypophyllous, subepidermal, erumpent, cinnamon-brown (Figures 5A,B). Paraphyses 48-52 m long x 4-6 mm wide, clavate with globoid to obovoid tips (16-)18(-20) x (15-)16(-17) mm, mostly peripheral, golden-brown (Figures 5B,C). Urediniospores (17-)23(-28) x (14-)15(-18) mm, ellipsoid to obovoid, strongly echinulate; echinulations conical, 5-7 mm high, with a depressed halo around of the base (Figure 5D); wall 2 mm thick at the sides, 2-3 mm at the spore apex and 1,5-2 mm at the base; germ pores 4-6, scattered, mostly equatorial and subequatorial. Telia (50-)75(-100) x (33-)50(-70) mm, amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous, rusty-brown, paraphysate as uredinia; paraphyses mostly peripheral (Figures 6A,B). Teliospore heads (85-)96(-110) x (86)91(-110) mm, smooth, 5-7 seven cells across; central cells 4, pentagonal, (17-)18(-20) x (15-)18(-20) mm, with prominent lines around each cell; marginal cells 6-8 rectangular, smooth, (17-)22(-25) mm,; walls 3-4 mm thick (Figures 6C,D). Cysts 6-8, mostly 8, globoid, (18-)19(-20) x (17-)18(-20) mm, hygroscopic, pendent (Figure 6E). Pedicels multihyphal, 16 x 6 mm, not persistent. Several leguminous species belonging in Piptadenia Benth. were recombined in Anadenanthera Speg. (Lewis, 1987). Thus the Ravenelia species previously reported on the Piptadenia species were compared with this new species here described because there is no record of a Ravenelia species infecting

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Anadenanthera. According to Sydow & Sydow (1915) the Ravenelia spp. found on the Piptanenia species are: R. henningsiana Diet. on Piptadenia sp., R. simplex Diet. on P. stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke. (=P. communis Benth.), and R. cebil Speg. on Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Gris.) Alts. (= P. macrocarpa Benth. var. cebil (Gris.) Chad. & Hass). Hennen et al. (1982) listed R. henningsiana, R. simplex, and Uredo vilis (Syd. & P. Syd.) Baxter (= R. vilis Syd. & P. Syd.) (Baxter, 1975; Sydow & Sydow, 1916) as the Ravenelia species occurring in Brazil. The new Ravenelia species on Anadenanthera was compared with other smoothly-teliospored species found on this host genus and also with those four species parasitic on Piptadenia spp (Ravenelia emaensis sp. nov. on Anadenanthera sp.; R. simplex on P. communis; R. henningsiana on Piptadenia sp.; R. cebil on P. macrocarpa and Uredo vilis on Piptadenia sp.). Uredo vitis with two germ pores[4 equatorial in original description] in its thin-walled urediniospores [1-1.5 to -2 mat apex] is not the uredinial phase of R. mineirosensis sp. nov. which shows thick-walled [2 at sides, 2-3 at apex, 1.5-2 m at base]spores with 4-6 germ pores. Ravenelia simplex clearly differs from R. mineirosensis sp. nov. based on size and shape of the teliospores. Neither R. henningsiana with epiphyllous aparaphysate telia and uredinia, and tuberculate smaller teliospores, nor R. sydowiana with aparaphysate telia can not be confused with the new species. Ravenelia chacoensis reported from Argentina (Lindquist, 1946) shows shorter paraphyses (30mm) and at least seven central cells in the teliospore head, a number much higher than four central cells found in R. mineirosensis which forms 52 mm long paraphyses. Finally, R. cebil described as another variety of Anadenanthera colubrina (= Piptadenia macrocarpa) showing 3-5 ovoid cysts and amphigenous uredia is also different from this new fungus which forms 6-8 globoid, cysts and shows only hypophyllous uredinia. Thus, this discussion leads to the conclusion that the fungus here described belongs to a new species which is designated R. mineirosensis sp. nov. 4 - Ravenelia emaensis Rezende & Dianese sp. nov. (Figures 7. A-E; 8. A-F) Holotypus: in foliis vivis Anadenantherae sp., Parque Nacional das Emas, via flumen Jacuba, Mineiros, GO, L. Pfenning no. 102, 12 IV 1997, UB Col. Mycol. 14258. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia (55-)58(-62) x (15-)19(-22) mm, hypophyllous, subepidermal, erumpent, cinnamon-brown, paraphysate; paraphyses orange-rusty, 40-50 mm long, with ovoid or globose tips, up to 7 mm diameter (Figures 7A,B). Urediniospores (22- 27(-30) x (10-)13(-15) mm, obovoid, clavate to piriform, pale brown, with cylindrical echinulations 4-5 mm long, 2-4 germ pores, often three; pores equatorial, unizonate (Figures 7C,D,E). Telia (14-)22(-24) x (12-)17(-24) mm, hypophyllous, sometimes also forming urediniospores, paraphysate (Figures 8A,B,C); paraphyses same as those of the uredinia. Teliospores compound, multicellular, (89-)96(-110) x (82-)88(-110) mm, with perimeter irregular or round, 6-7 cells across, smooth, orange-rusty; central cells 9-12, with hexagonal perimeter, (21-) 23 (-26) x (17-) 19 (-21) mm; marginal cells 18-24, wall 0,5-1,0 mm of thickness at sides and 5-6 mm at the spore top, (18-) 23 (-27) x (-10) 14 (-17) mm, (Figures 8D,E). Cysts 18-24 corresponding on number to the marginal cells, 18x16 mm diam., adherent, non hygrophylous, hyaline. Pedicels compound, with 4-6 hyphal strings, 30x14 mm, deciduous (Figures 8E,F). Other specimen examined: on living leaves of Anadenanthera sp., km 44 on the road to Mineiros from Parque Nacional das Emas, in the right lane near the sign indicating Emaus, Mineiros, Gois, 12 IV 1997, Pfenning 122, UB Col. Mycol. 14330. The Ravenelia species which showed a closer relationship with this new species were described in Sydow & Sydow (1915), Cummins (1978) and listed by Hennen et al. (1982). They show smooth teliospore heads or are either parasitic to Piptadenia or to the Anadenanthera species. The new species can be easily separated from all related species (Ravenelia simplex; R. henningsiana; R. cebil; R. sydowiana; R. spegazziniana; R. chacoensis; Uredo vilis and R. mineirosensis) because of the extremely high number of adherent cysts present in its teliospore heads (18 to 24), and due to the formation of uniquely verrugose instead of echinulate urediniospores. The closest species is R. sydowiana with 6-19 pendant cysts which also has just 3-5 central cells found in heads (50-85 mm diam.) which, however, are much smaller than those of R. emaensis sp. nov. Dimensional and morphological differences also allow to segregate this new species from R. mineirosensis sp. nov. which shows only four central cells in the teliospore heads, a number much lower than the 9-12 cells found in R. emaensis sp. nov. For these reasons the specimen studied is considered a new Ravenelia species, namely R. emaensis sp. nov.

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RAVENELIA CENOSTIGMATIS Berndt & F. Freire, Mycoscience 41: 227. 2000. TYPE on Cenostigma gardnerianum Tul., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Piau: So Raimundo Nonato County, Luiziana Farm, 28 Aug 1999, F. Freire-sn. (?/?,IIp str/III). Ravenelia cenostigmatis has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia not seen, urediniospores scattered in telia, 24-31 x 20-24 m (27 x 22.2 m on average), broadly ellipsoid, obovoid or subglobose, reddish brown to light brown; wall 2-2.5 m thick, apically thickened slightly or up to 5-7(-9) m, two-layered, the outer very thin, nearly colorless, with spiral, delicate, very finely notched riges closely spaced ca 2 m apart; germ pores (2-)3(-4), in the proximal third of the spore. Telia densely scattered on the abaxial side of leaflets, 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter, blackish brown, basket-like, surrounded by a dense border of stout, subacute to obtuse, incurved paraphyses, ca 55-130 x 8-12 m, walls much thickened apically and dorsally, golden-yellow. Teliospores 60-100 m across, round to broadly ellipsoid; 3-6 probasidial cells across, one layered, central cells 18-27 x 15-20 m (Berndt & F. Freire, 2000). See Ravenelia cohniana for a key to help identify species of Ravenelia on Caesalpinia and Cenostigma in the Neotropics. RAVENELIA CERRADENSIS Rezende & Dianese sp. nov. Fitopatol. bras. 26: 628. 2001. Holotypus: in foliis vivis Chamaecristae clauseniorum var. cyclophyllae Irwing & Barneby (= Cassiae clauseniorum var. cyclophyllae); 4.1 km via Chapada dos Guimares ad Morro So Gernimo, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimares, Chapada dos Guimares, MT; M. Sanchez, no 2448; 20 V 1997; UB Col. Mycol. 13781. Spermogonia and aecia not observed. Uredinia (0,2-)0,3(-0,4) x (0,1-)0,2(-0,3) mm, amphigenous, light brown, paraphysate. Paraphyses hymenial or peripheral, 50 mm long x 4 mm wide, cylindrical with globoid to ovoid tips (18-20 mm diam.) (Figure 1A,B); Urediniospores (20-)24(-29) mm long x (19-)23(-29) mm wide, echinulated, yellowish, with scattered 6-12 germpores, thick walled; walls (0,8-)1,5(-2,0) mm thick (Figure 1B,C). Telia amphigenous, (0,20-)0,28(-0,38 x (0,13-)0,20(-0,32) mm, subepidermal, erumpent, dark brown, forming rows around small galls, covered by a thin membrane (Figure 2A,B), paraphysate. Paraphyses mostly hymenial similar to uredinial paraphyses (Figure 2D). Teliospores compound, light brown, forming teliospore heads, (60-)66 (80-)x (61-)68(-75) mm, smooth, tending to a subconical shape (Figure 2E); central cells 10, (52-)57(-72) x (45-)52(-70) mm, (Figures 2C,E), 8-10 rusty yellow; marginal cells (20-)31(-40) x (17-)21(-27) mm. Cysts 8-10, hyaline, uniseriate, hydrophylic, globoid to ovoid (15-)21(-25) x (15-)21(-27) mm, pendants. Pedicel persistent, compound, consisting of 4-6 hyphal strands (Figure 2F). Several Cassia sensu lato (s.l.) species are presently accommodated in Chamaecrista Moench. and Senna Mill. (Lewis, 1987). Thus, when comparing Ravenelia species infecting Chamaecrista spp. all previous records of the fungus on Cassia and Senna have to be considered in the discussion. Sydow & Sydow (1915) described 15 known Ravenelia species on Cassia s.l. Among them 10 species showed aparaphysate telia. Thus all five remaining paraphysate species [R. mesillana Ellis & Barth. (=R. longiana Syd. & P. Syd.), R. spinulosa Diet. & Holw. var. papillifera (Syd. & P. Syd.) Cumm. & J.W. Baxt. (=R. papillifera Syd. & P. Syd.), R. spinulosa Dietel & Holw., R. macrocarpa Syd., and R. testui Maubl.] will be discussed because some of the Cassia spp. reported as host could now belong in Chamaecrista. Among those five species only R. macrocarpa which has also been listed in Hennen et al. (1982) shows teliospores which are not superficially papillate or tuberculate as in this new species. However, R. macrocarpa shows subcuticular uredinia instead of subepidermal sori. It also shows teliospore heads with a more elliptical surface reaching a length of 140 mm while R. cerradensis sp. nov. shows heads which are more globoid (an average of 66 x 68 mm). Ravenelia spinulosa v. papillifera has papillate marginal cell, R. mesillana forms multiseriate cysts, and showed only paraphysate uredinia. Finally in R. testui all of the teliospores are unipapillate not smooth as in the new species. Thus, all five species are different from R. cerradensis sp. nov. Furthermore, Hennen et al. (1982) mentioned R. faceta H.S. Jacks. & Holw. another species with paraphysate sori on Cassia in Brazil. However, this species differs from R. cerradensis due to smaller (45-60 mm) tuberculated teliospores. More recently Hennen & Cummins (1990) described 15 Ravenelia species being ten from Brazil. Among those, two were found on Senna species (R. densifera Henn. & Cumm. and R. eminens Henn. & Cumm.) both with aparaphysate telia and producing highly tuberculate teliospores. The other species in Hennen & Cummins (1990) were found on hosts not related to Cassia s.l. all of them showing major differences from the new species and thus do not require a comparison with R. cerradensis sp. nov. This is

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also the case of the following species collected in Brazil: R. corbuloides Henn. & Cumm., R. geminipora Henn. & Cumm., R. lata Henn. & Cumm., R. pernigra Henn. & Cumm., R. septata Henn. & Cumm., R. spiralis Henn. & Cumm., R. tessellata Henn. & Cumm., and R. tortuosa Henn. & Cumm. Based on the discussion above it becomes clear that the specimen described belongs to a new Ravenelia species, now designated R. cerradensis sp. nov. Ravenelia chapadensis Resende & Dianese, see RAVENELIA ULEANA Dietel. RAVENELIA COHNIANA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 246. 1896. TYPE on Caesalpinia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, July 1887, Ule 703. (?/?,II/III). = Ravenelia distans Arthur & Holway, in Arthur, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 424. 1918. TYPE on undetermined Mimosoideae (perhaps Calliandra sp.) from Guatemala. Retalhuleu, 26 Feb 1916, Holway 535. = Ravenelia concinna H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 28: 46-47. 1930. TYPE on Acacia sp. (close to A. polyphylla DeCandolle, A. riparis Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth, and A. glomerosa Bentham), from Venezuela, Caguita, 29 Dec 1927, H. Sydow 135. = Ravenelia lindquistii Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 28: 7. TYPE on Acacia praecox Grisebach, from Argentina, Salta: Alemania, 12 Aug 1936, Cabrera-3753. Anamorph Uredo imperspicua Spegazzini Rev. Arg. Bot. 1 (2a-3a): 136. 1925. TYPE on Acacia precox Griseb. from Argentina, Salta: north of Orn, Rio Pescado, Feb 1905, Spegazzini s.n. On Leguminosae: Caesalpinia pulcherrima Swartz, Cear (IBI-17126.). Caesalpinia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 246), So Paulo (IBI-16539). Ravenelia cohniana has been reported also from Argentina (as Ravenelia lindquistii and Uredo imperspicua), Venezuela (as Ravenelia concina), and Guatemala (as Ravenelia distans). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves and caulicolous, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, cinnamon-brown, without paraphyses; urediniospores (17-)20-28(-32) x 13-17(-19) m, variable in shape, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid, commonly pointed apically, wall 1.5-2 m thick, often thicker in the acuminate apex, finely and rather sparsely echinulate, pale golden brown, pores (3) 4 (5) equatorial. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown; teliospores (38-)45-70(-78) m diam, clear chestnut brown with an outer colorless thin layer, (3-)4-5(-6) probasidial cells long, 3-4 cells wide, each cell bearing (2-)3-5(-8) sharp cones 3-5 m long, 2-3 m wide at base, central cells 15-20(-24) m diam, cells in one layer; cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, globoid, coherent, appressed or semipendent; pedicel colorless, of 2 hyphae in larger spores but 1 in small spores (fide Dietel, 1906). We propose Ravenelia distans Arthur & Holway, perhaps on Calliandra sp. from Guatemala, Ravenelia lindquistii Hennen & Cummins on Acacia praecox from Argentina, and R. concinna H. Sydow on Acacia sp. from Venezuela as synonyms because they have sori subepidermal in origin, urediniospores often with pointed or apiculate apices, (3-)4(-5) equatorial germ pores, and similar spiny teliospores. The sori in R. concinna are subepidermal in origin, not subcuticular as originally reported. The somewhat more pointed spines on the teliospores of R. distans are not significantly different from the more rounded ones in R. concinna. Although identification of the hosts requires confirmation, if host identifications of the collections and our proposed synonomy are correct, then Ravenelia cohniana is unusual because it infects hosts in two subfamilies of legumes, the Caesalpinioideae and the Mimosoideae. 4. Key to help identify species of Ravenelia on Caesalpinia and Cenostigma based on teliospores in the Neotropics (add R. cenostigmatis; Cenostigma; Brazil) The teliospore walls are smooth. Ravenelia cenostigmatis has very similar urediniospores but its teliospores are remarkably different. In Mexico, R. striatispora Cummins & J. W. Baxter has similarly striate urediniospores but with interconnecting ridges and the sori lack paraphyses. It occurs on Pithecellobium. R. corbula J. W. Baxter on Caesalpinia, also in Mexico, has spirally verrucose anamorph spores and a basket-like sorus formed by the peripheral paraphyses but differs in having tuberculate teliospores and urediniospores with equatorial pores. 1. Teliospore probasidial cells smooth throughout 2. Central probasidial cells of teliospores 20-25(-27) m across 1. Ravenelia corbuloides

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(Caesalpinia; Brazil).

2. Central probasidial cells (12-)14-17(-18) m across 3. Central probasidial cells (16-)18-22 m across, spores 80-100 m across, 5-6 cells
2. Ravenelia striatispora (host reported as Pithecellobium) 3. Central probasidial cells (12-)14-17(-18) m across, spores 60-85 m across, 3. Ravenelia spiralis (4-)5-6(-7) cells across. (Cenostigma; Brazil) 1. Teliospore probasidial cells with at least some sculpture. 4. Central probasidial cells +/- smooth, peripheral cells with 0-5 bead-like warts 4. Ravenelia humphreyana var. humphreyana (Caesalpinnia) 4. Teliospores with all or nearly all probasidial cells sculptured 5. Each peripheral probasidial cell with a mamiform protuberance, other cells 5. Ravenelia corbula inconspicuously warty, cysts multiseriate. (Caesalpinia, Mexico) 5. All cells more or less uniformly sculptured, cysts uniseriate. 6. Each probasidial cell with (2-)4-7(-10) tubercles 4-7 m long, 6. Ravenelia humphreyana var. inconspicua (Caesalpinia) 6. Each probasidial cell with 3-8 cones 1-5 m long. 7. Each probasidial cell with 5-7 cones 3-5 m high, 2-3 m wide at 7. Ravenelia cohniana base. (Caesalpinia, Acacia; Brazil, Venezuela, Guatemala) 7. Each probasidial cell with 4-8 cones 1-3 m high 8. Ravenelia pileolarioides (Caesalpinia; Brazil) across. RAVENELIA COMPTULA H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 37: 312: 1939. TYPE on unidentified Mimosoideae, either Calliandra or Acacia, from Ecuador, Prov. Guayas: Chagon, 31 August 1937, H. Sydow-4 (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae Acacia sp. (or ? Calliandra sp.), Minas Gerais (IBI- ). Ravenelia comptula has been reported only from the type from Ecuador and two collections from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia unknown. Urediniospores in telia (19-)20-23(-25) x (9-)10-13(-14) m, narrowly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall uniformly 1 m thick, pale golden, evenly finely echinulate, pores (2) 4 or 5 (6), equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, with numerous intermixed urediniospores but without paraphyses, blackish brown, teliospores (50-)55-66(-75) m diam., chestnut-brown, overlaid with a thin pale layer, (3) 4-6 probasidial cells across, spores most commonly with 8 peripheral and 6 interior cells each cell bearing 3-8 spines to 8 m long, often slightly irregularly bent toward the apex, central cells variable 18-25 x (14-)16-19 m, cells 1-layered, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, appressed, with spines as those of the spores, pedicel colorless of 2 or few hyphae, deciduous. The host plant, a . . . kraftigen, stark bestachelten Baum. . . ., has very small and numerous leaflets and is more likely to be Acacia than Calliandra but Sydow comments that the teliospores are reminiscent of the Ravenelias on Calliandra. He did not mention the spines on the cysts. The sori are subepidermal, not subcuticular as reported by Sydow. One other specimen has been reported in addition to the type, presumably on a closely related spiny host that also has numerous small leaflets: BRASIL. Minas Gerais: near Monte Belo, 2 June 1988, Hennen et al. 88-149, II, III. (?and 90-116). 5. Key to help identify species of Ravenelia reported on Calliandra 1. Uredinia without paraphyses 2. Urediniospores oblong-ovate, 35-60 x 15-24 m, wall thickened at apex, germ pores 4,

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Ravenelia lagerheimiana (Ecuador) equatorial 2. Urediniospores globoid to ellipsoid, 16-20 x 14-16 m, germ pores 6-8, scattered Ravenelia echinata (Mexico to Bolivia) 1. Uredinia with paraphyses 3. teliospores with papillae 4. Each probasidial cell with 6-10 papillae to 3 m long Ravenelia paszchkeana (Brazil) 4. Each probasidial cell with 2-4 papillae to 9 m long Ravenelia mexicana (Mexico) 3. Teliospores smooth 5. Teliospores 35-46 m in diam., with 6 peripheral probasidial cells Ravenelia dieteliana (Brazil) 5. Teliospores 46-58 m in diam., with 8 marginal probasidial cells Ravenelia affinis (Brazil) To be added: R. comptula, R. distans, R. linda, R. santos-costae. Ravenelia concina H. Sydow, see RAVENELIA COHNIANA P. Hennings. RAVENELIA CORBULOIDES Hennen & Cummins, Rep. Tottori Mycol. Inst. (Japan)28: 2. 1990. TYPE on Caesalpinia bracteosa Tulasne from Brazil, Bahia: hwy. 324, km. W of Feira de Santana, 29 June 1979, J. F. & M. M. Hennen 70-121. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae: Caesalpinia bracteosa Tulasne, Bahia (Hennen& Cummins, 1990: 2). Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tulasne, Alagoas, Bahia (Hennen & Cummins, 1990: 2). Ravenelia corbuloides has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, few in a group. Aecia on both sides of leaves, closely associated with spermogonia, subcuticular in origin, becoming erumpent, paraphyses blackish brown, paraphyses and aeciospores as those of uredinia, uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subcuticular,in origin, erumpent, dark brown, with abundant, thick-walled pale yellowish, incurved, to 40 m long, 7-9 m wide paraphyses, urediniospores (23-)26-30(-36) x (14-)17-20(-22) m, mostly ellipsoid, the apex rounded or cone-shape, wall 2-3 m thick at sides, the apex to 7(-8) m thick, usually with a pale cone-shaped or broadly apiculate cap, adorned with beaded ridges spaced 2-3(-3.5) m and spirally arranged, pores 3-5, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, blackish, without paraphyses when formed de novo, teliospores 60-110 m diam, chestnut-brown, overlaid by a pale, discrete layer, smooth, 4 -6 probasidial cells across, , cells in one layer, , central cells 22-25(-27) m, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, appressed or semipendent, pedicel colorless, multihyphal, semipersistent. Ravenelia corbuloides differs from Ravenelia pileolarioides H. Sydow & P. Sydow in having smooth teliospores. The host of R. pileolarioides was reported to be Pithecellobiium sp. but almost certainly is a Caesalpinia. See Ravenelia cohniana for a key to help identify species of Ravenelia on Caesalpinia and Cenostigma in the Neotropics. RAVENELIA DENTIFERA Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. (Japan)28: 3. 1990. TYPE on Senna silvestris (Velloso) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia silvestris Velloso)from Brazil, So Paulo, Campinas, Instituto Agronomico 27 Aug 1976, Hennen & Figueiredo 76-316. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo cassiicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 98. 1895. TYPE on Senna (Cassia sp. aff. C. silvestris) from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Uberaba, June 1892, Ule-1903. On Leguminosae: Senna silvestris (Velloso) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia silvestris Velloso), Gois, Minas Gerais, So Paulo (Hennen & Cummins, 1990: 3). Ravenslia dentifera has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, especially obvious on adaxial side of leaflets, brownish yellow, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, often circinately arranged, without paraphyses, urediniospores (16-)18-20(-22) x (11-)13-15 m, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid; wall (1.5-)2(-2.5) m thick, pale yellowish brown, echinulate, pores 4, equatorial. Telia on the adaxial side of leaves,

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teliospores (60-)65-95(-106) m diam, chestnut brown, with a thin, pale, outer wall layer, peripheral cells and sometimes adjacent cells each with 1 tapered, colorless prong to 13 m long, other cells smooth, (4) 5-7 (8) probasidial cells across, central cells 16-19(-20) x (13-)15-17(-18) m, diam, cells in one layer with intercalary cells and germ slits; cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, appressed, coherent, colorless, pedicel not seen. The teliospores of Ravenelia dentifera are distinctive because of the prong-like teeth that project from the peripheral probasidial cells. In erumpent sori, a thin, collapsed, membranous peridium occurs closely appressed to the ruptured host cuticle. 6. Key to help identify Ravenelia species on Cassia sensu lato, genera: Cassia, Chamaecrista, and Senna, in the Neotropics 1. Teliospores smooth throughout. 2. Paraphyses lacking, R. microcystis (Cassia) Brazil Urediniospore pores equatorial R. cassiaecola var. berkeleyi (Cassia) Mexico Urediniospores scattered 2. Paraphayses present 3. Urediniospore pores scattered or more or less bizonate in longer spores R. mesillana 4. Central teliospore cells mostly 13-17 m across (Senna) Mexico, sw U. S. A R. arthuri 4. Central teliospore cells mostly 18-22 m across (Senna) West Indies, Venezuela 3. Urediniospore pores scattered or more or less bizonate, 6-8, wall echinulate but tending R. macrocarpa to be smooth on proximal 1/3 of spore (Senna) Argentina, Brazil, Peru 1. Teliospores with some or all probasidial cells sculptured 5. Paraphayses lacking 6. Urediniospore pores scattered 7. Urediniospores mostly 20 m or longer 8. Central cells of teliospores smooth, outer cells each with 1 tubercle R. bella (Senna) Mexico 4-8 m long R. uleana (Chamaecrista) 8. Teliospore cells merely finely rugose Brazil 7. Urediniospores mostly less than 20 m long. 9. Teliospore pedicel deciduous, cells with spines R. mirandensis (Senna) Venezuela 9. Teliospore pedicel persistent, to 25 m wide, cells with few R. cassiaecola var. cassiaecola beads/warts or smooth (Chamaecrista) West Indies, U.S.A. 6. Urediniospore pores equatorial, teliospores unadorned except peripheral cells 10. Peripheral probasidial cells each with rounded tubercle to 7 m long; R. microspora urediniospores 12-14 m long (Senna) Brazil 10. Peripheral probasidial cells each with tooth or prong to 17 m long; R. fimbriata urediniospores 18-20 m long (Senna) Brazil 10. Peripheral probasidial cells and sometimes adjacent cells each with tooth or prong to 13 m long; urediniospores 18-20 m long R. dentifera (Senna) Brazil 5. Paraphayses present, urediniospore pores scattered 11.. Probasidial cells smooth except peripheral cells rarely with 1 papilla R. mesillana (Senna) Mexico, SW U.S.A R. spinulosa 11. Probasidial cells each with 1 tubercle/cone, rarely smooth (Senna) Guatemala, Mexico Ravenelia faceta, [perhaps on Cassia excelsa (Schrader) ?, = Senna spectabilis] teliospore pedicels unihyphal, to be transferred to Spumula faceta.

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RAVENELIA DIETELIANA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 96. 1895. TYPE on Calliandra macrocephala Bentham from Brazil, Gois: Formosa, , Sept 1892, Ule-1935. (?/?,II/III). = Ravenelia hassleri Spegazzini, An. Mus. Buenos Aires 23: 21. 1912. TYPE on Calliandra macrocephala Bentham from Paraguay, locality and date not recorded, Hassler s.n. = Ravenelia affinis P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Monogr. Ured. 3: 256. 1914. TYPE on Calliandra turbinata Bentham from Brazil, . Mato Grosso: Santa Anna das Chapadas, G. O. A. Malme s. n. On Leguminosae: Calliandra dysantha Bentham, Federal District (Franco 29, ex NY); Gois (Irwin et al. 14472, ex NY), Minas Gerais (Hatchback 27784, ex NY). Calliandra macrocephala Bentham (Federal District, Hunt 5492, ex NY), Mato Grosso do Sul, Archer s. n.), Minas Gerais, Claussen820 (?), ex NY). Calliandra parviflora Bentham, Mato Grosso, Hennen & Lopez-F. 88-595). Calliandra sp., Minas Gerais (Emygdio et al. 3586). Ravenelia dieteliana has been reported also from Paraguay on Calliandra macrocephalla (Spegazzini, 1912; Lindquist, 1945). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, yellowish brown, subepidermalin origin,erumpent, with abundant clavate of capitate paraphyses, the head to 20 m wide, nearly solid, golden-brown to chestnut-brown; urediniospores (18-)20-25(-28) x (14-)15-18(-19) m, variable in shape, obovoid, broadly obovoid or oblong, wall 2 m thick at sides, 2-3.5 m at apex and base, pale golden brown apically to nearly colorless basally, echinulate, pores 4 or 5, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia but blackish brown, without paraphyses when developed de novo, teliospores (31-)35-48(-54) m diam, chestnut-brown with a thin but discrete outer pale layer, smooth, typically with 6 peripheral and 2 or 3 innner probasidial cells (or 7-11 peripheral and 4(-5) inner cells in R. affinis), (2) 3 or 4 cells wide, central cells mostly 18-22 x 15-18 m, intercalary cells well developed, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, pendent, pedicel of few, perhaps 2 hyphae, deciduous. Dietel described the teliospores heads as apedicellatis. Spegazzini, using the name R. hassleri, described the pedicel as hyalino, persistente, breviusculo, 30 x 8-10. The only pedicel seen in R. affinis apparently was bihyphal. Lindquist (Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 1: 123-125. 1946) first determined that R. hassleri is a synonym. Compared to R. dieteliana, R. affinis has larger teliospores with a greater number of probasidial cells. This size difference is not significant for separating it as another species. Ravenelia distans Arthur & Holway, see RAVENELIA COHNIANA P. Hennings. Ravenelia emaensis Rezende & Dianese, see RAVENELIA CEBIL Spegazzini. Ravenelia eminens Hennen & Cummins, see RAVENELIA FIMBRIATA Spegazzini.

RAVENELIA FACETA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 341. 1931. TYPE on Cassia sp. [perhaps Cassia excelsa (Schrader) ?, = Senna spectabilis] from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Jacarpagu, 4 Sept 1921. E. W. D. & M. M. Holway-1091 (?/?,II/III). Ravenelia faceta has been reported only from the type. Because the teliospores are unihyphal the species will be transferred to Spumula. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia not seen, urediniospores in the telia 26-29(-31) x 18-22 m, mostly obovoid, wall near chestnut-brown, 1-1.5 m thick laterally, the same or slightly thicker apically, rather closely echinulate with low cones, each surrounded at its base with a a halo, pores 4, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, paraphyses mostly peripheral, numerous, about 6-10 m wide and to 50 m long, with 2 or 3 septa, cylindrical, straight or incurved, colorless; teliospores (45-)50-60(-65) m diam, chestnut-brown, 3 or 4 probasidial cells across, each cell with 6-12, brownish, apically lobed or furcated, cylindrical tubercles to 6 m long, cells in one layer, central cells (17)20-24(-28) m across, cysts pendent, globoid, 3-5 but mostly 4, pedicel 10-12 m wide, unihyphal, colorless.

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The apically lobed or furcated appendages on the teliospores and the septate paraphyses help to identify Ravenelia faceta. With SEM the halos around the bases of the echinulae on the urediniospores have radiating butresses. RAVENELIA FIMBRIATA Spegazzini. Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11: 480. 1889. TYPE on Senna multijuga (L. C. Richard) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia multijuga L. C. Richard), originally reported mistakenly as Sesbania sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Apiahy, , Aut.1888", Puiggari-2765. (?/?,II/III). = Ravenelia eminens Hennen & Cummins. Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. (Japan) 28: 4. 1990. TYPE on Senna multijuga (L. C. Richard) Irwin & Barneby from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Sete Lagoas, EMBRAPA center for corn and sorghum research, 20 June, 1979, J. F. & M. M. Hennen & A. Ferreira 79-79. Anamorph Uredo fimbriata Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11: 481. 1889. TYPE same as for Ravenelia fimbriata Spegazzini. On Leguminosae: Senna multijuga (L. C. Richard) Irwin & Barneby, Federal District (Irwin et al. 15863ex MICH), Minas Gerais (IBI-13556); So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1889: 480, 481; IBI-18116). Ravenelia fimbriata has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent; without paraphyses, urediniospores 13-16 x 10-13 m, ellipsoid, ovoid or obovoid, wall 1.5 m thick, often slightly thicker at apex and base, yellowish to pale brownish, finely echinulate, pores 4 or 5, equatorial, small, obscure. Telia on both sides of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, brownish black, without paraphyses; teliospores 65-100 m diam, chestnut-brown, consisting of 30-60 or more probasidial cells, overlaid with a pale outer layer, (6)7-9 probasidial cells across, each peripheral cell with a brownish, cylindrical, smooth or minutely verrucose tubercle 7-12 or more m long and 5-8 m wide, central cells 10-14 m across, smooth or with a few irregular ridges, cells in one layer; cysts multiseriate, pendent; pedicel multihyphal, colorless, deciduous. Our recent collections of Ravenelia fimbriata in the vicinity of the type location, Apia, So Paulo, have made it possible to reidentify the host of the type specimen as indicated above and to determine that Ravenelia eminens is a synonym. The cylindrical tubercles that usually occur only on each peripheral cell of the teliospores aid in identifying this species. A thin, multicellular, membranous peridium occurs on the inner side of the small pieces of host epidermis that surround the erumpent sori. Ravenelia stuhlmanii P. Hennings on Cassia spp. from Africa has similar but variable tubercles on each cell of the teliospores but otherwise is very similar. See Ravenelia dentifera for a key to the species of Ravenelia on Cassia. Chamaecrista, and Senna. RAVENELIA GEMINIPORA Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. (Japan) 28: 4. 1990. TYPE on Plathymenia reticulata Bentham from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Sete Lagoas, 16 Mar 1984, J. F. Hennen & M. M. Hennen-84-296. (0/I,II/III). On Leguminosae: Plathymenia reticulata Bentham, Bahia, Gois, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, So Paulo (Hennen & Cummins, 1990: 4). Ravenelia geminipora has been reported only from Brazil and only on Plathymenia spp. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves in close groups. Aecia on both sides of leaves or mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, around and opposite the spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brown, with abundant, mostly peripheral apically dark golden or clear chestnut-brown, cylindrical or elongately spatulate paraphyses, the wall to 30 m thick apically, thin and pale basally, aeciospores pedicellate (24-)2833(-36) x (20-)22-25(-27) m and mostly obovoid with pores face-view, much narrower and ellipsoid with pores lateral, wall (2-)3-4.5 thick at sides, 4-7 m at apex, yellowish or golden brown, strongly echinulate except around pores, pores 4, equatorial, in pairs in the opposite, much flattened sides of the spores. Uredinia on the adaxial side of leaves, similar to aecia except scattered and not associated with spermogonia, urediniospores as the aeciospores. Telia mostly in loose epiphyllous groups, blackish brown, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, teliospores (55-)80-112(-120) m diam, very dark brown and nearly opaque when mature but with a discrete, much paler, thin, outer wall layer, smooth, (5) 6 or 7 (8) probasidial cells across, central

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cells (15-)16-20(-22) m across, cells in one layer, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, coherent and appressed to the spores, pedicel colorless to pale brownish, multihyphal, deciduous. The two pairs of twin germ pores in the urediniospores, one pair on each side, are important identifying characteristics and the reason for the epithet for Ravenelia geminipora. In young, less pigmented teliospores the outer wall surface beneath the pale outer layer is sinuate striate, not smooth. RAVENELIA GOYAZENSIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 96-97. 1895. TYPE on Andira pisonis Martius, from Brazil, Gois: near Meiponte, Aug 1892, Ule-2022 (?/?,?/III). Ravenelia goyazensis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to confirm host identification and to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, blackish brown, without paraphyses, teliospores 70-86(-90) m diam, chestnut-brown with a very thin, pale outer wall layer, (3)4 or 5 probasidial cells across, each cell bearing 1-4 cylindrical papillae 4-6 m long, central cells large, (20-)23-28(-33) x 22-25 m, cells in one layer cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, apparently appressed and coherent, pedicel multihyphal, deciduous. There is no subsequent record of this species which has teliospore heads with unusually large central cells. Although only telia are known it is improbable that the species is microcyclic. The identification of the host requires confirmation. Ravenelia hasseleri Spegazzini, see RAVENELIA DIETELIANA P. Hennings. RAVENELIA HENNINGSIANA Dietel, Beih, Bot. Centralbl. 20: 388. 1906. TYPE on Piptadenia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca, 26 May 1899, Ule-s n. (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae: Piptadenia sp. Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1906: 388; Jackson, 1931: 334). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the adaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin erumpent by a break in the elevated epidermis, brown, without paraphyses, urediniospores (22-)24-29(-33) x (14-)16-19(-20) m, variable, oblong-ellipsoid, obovoid, or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, or to 3 m at apex, echinulate, cinnamon-brown, pores 4, equatorial, obvious. Telia as the uredinia, but blackish brown, teliospores 63-100 m diam, 4-6 probasidial cells across, cells 1-layered, intercalary cells well developed, central cells variable but mostly 22-29(-31) x 15-20 m, chestnut-brown overlaid with a thin but discrete pale layer bearing warts about 3 m high and wide on the peripheral cells but the interior cells smooth, cysts pendent, free, more or less globoid, multiseriate, pedicel multihyphal, colorless, fragile and deciduous. Other specimens examined: on Piptadenia sp. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, 23 Aug, 11 Sept 1921, Holway-1066, -1101. The Holway collections agree in all respects with the holotype. RAVENELIA HIERONYMI Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentinensis 12: 67. 1881. TYPE on Acacia caven (Molina) Molina, from Argentina, Crdoba: Sierra Chica, San Jos, 11 Jan 1877, Hiernonymus s. n. (0/Icv,-/III) or ?(0/Icv,IIcv/III). ' Pleoravenelia hieronymi (Spegazzini) Long, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 37: 127. 1903. ' Cystingophora hieronymii (Spegazzini) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 131. 1907. = Ravenelia mimosae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 95. 1895. TYPE on Mimosa sp. from Brazil, Gois, Paranahyba, July 1892, E. Ule-1942. = Ravenelia acaciae-farnesianae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 321. 1895. An unnecessary nom. nov. for Ravenelia mimosae P. Hennings. = Ravenelia deformans (Maublanc) Dietel, Biehefte Botan. Centralblatt 20: 404. 1906. [ Pleoravenelia deformans Maublanc, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 73. 1906. TYPE on Acacia sp. (? A. arabica), Mozambique, Mhalume, 11 Oct 1904, LeTestu-7616]. Anamorph Aecidium heironymi Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentinensis 12: 78. 1881. TYPE on Acacia caven (Molina) Molina from Argentina, Crdoba: Sierra Chica, near San Jos, Jan 1877, Hieronymus s. n.. ? = Uredo hieronymi Spegazzini, Anal. mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 23: 30. 1912. TYPE on Acacia caven (Molina) Molina, Catamarca, Argentina, Nov 1909, LPS. [Not Uredo hieronymi Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentinensis 12: 73. 1881. TYPE

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on Acacia caven (Molina) Molina Uredinial stage of Ravenelia australis Dietel & Neger fide Lindquist, 1954]. On Leguminosae: Acacia caven (Molina) Molina, Rio Grande do Sul,(Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 125). Acacia farnesiana Willdenow, Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 95; 1895B: 321; PUR-F2077), Bahia (Hennings, 1908: 267), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 53; IAC-2664), So Paulo (IAC-8002). Ravenelia hieronymi has been reported also from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.l. The reports of Ravenelia heironymi from North American are probably all Spumula heteromorpha (Cummins, 1978). If our placement of Ravenelia deformans on Acacia from Mozambique as a synonym is correct, Southern Africa is added to the range of R. hieronymi. Spermogonia, when present, aecia, and telia produced in great abundance from systemic infections in witches' brooms. Spermogonia subcuticular, irregularly hemisphaeroid or cushion-shaped, 30-40 x70-130 m, cinnamon-brown at first, becoming dark in age, hymenium flat. Aecia with long cylindrical peridia, aeciospores catenulate, (18-)20-26(-28) x (13-)15-20 m, variable in size and shape, often angular, mostly broadly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, pale yellowish or pale golden in mass, wall 2-3 m thick, densely and finely verruculose, pores 7-10, scattered, relatively obscure. Uredinia, if produced, as the aecia. Telia scattered among the aecia, or uredinia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, or following in the old aecia or uredinia, blackish brown, teliospores (65-)75-120(-140) m diam, clear chestnut-brown or dark golden brown, smooth, with an outer, pale, discrete layer, variable in shape, flat or often folded so the under side is concave and the upper side is strongly convex thus appearing to be thick centrally, 5-9(-12) probasidial cells across but the number difficult to determine, especially in the folded teliospores, peripheral part of teliospores commonly 1-layered, inner part of spores 2-layered, central cells variable, (18-)21-25(-27) x (14)16-22 m, germ slits one in each cell to one side in the distal cell wall, cysts apparently uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, appressed to underside of teliospore, coherent, but often swelling to appear pendent, pedicel multihyphal, colorless, usually deciduous. The only sori known for Ravenelia hieronymi are those produced on the systemic infections in witches' brooms. Presumably all of these systemic infections are a result of infections.produced by basidiospores. Teliospores were seen germinating and producing basidiospores in one Brazilian collection (Pitta-76-310). The germination of the Aecidium anamorph spores has not been observed and sori presumably derived from infections made by the Aecidium spores are unknown. Spermogonia have been seen only in the specimens listed above from Brazil. Thus, the role of the Aecidium spores in the life cycle is only speculative. Presumably they could be either aeciospores, urediniospores, or teliospores, or even a combination of these depending on environmental conditions. Theoretical possibilities of the role of the Aecidium spores are as follows: 1. they could be aeciospores but non functional. 2. they could be aeciospores and produce systemic infections more or less identical to infections induced by basidiospores but without spermogonia. In this case the Aecidium spores from the latter infections would be urediniospores and could repeat the systemic sort of infections but without spermogonia. 3. they could be Endophyllum teliospores in which case the life cycle would have two kinds of telia, Endophyllum telia and Ravenelia telia, as occurs in Puccinia pampeana. In this case, the production of spermogonia would be variable. 4. they could be variable in the way they germinate depending, perhaps, on temperature or other environmental factors. Spore germination and inoculation experiments are required to resolve this problem. Although Ravenelia hieronymi lacks pedicellate anamorph spores as occurs in Ravenelia subtortuosae reported from Texas (0/Icv,IIpe/III), and R. australis reported from Argentina, Chile, and Mexico (-/Icv,IIpe/III), these three species seem to be closely related as evidenced by their using species of Acacia as hosts, systemic spermogonial and Aecidium infections on withces brooms, and the two cell layers in the teliospores. The peridium in the Aecidium sori of Ravenelia australis is often poorly developed. The oblique distal cell walls of the lower level probasidial cells raise one side of the cell almost to the distal surface of the spore. A germ slit occurs in this region next to a similar germ slit in an upper level cell. These paired germ slits can be seen when the top of the spore is viewed. We place R. deformans (Maublanc) Dietel from South Africa as a synonym because it is morphologically identical. Thus, R. hieronymi is one of the few species of Ravenelia that occurs in both the Old and New World. A closely related long cycle species in South Africa is R. macowaniana Pazschke. It is a long cycle species that produces spermogonia and Aecidium-type aecia on witches' brooms and Uredo-type uredinia and telia on leaflets of Acacia sp.

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RAVENELIA IDONEA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 335. 1931. TYPE on Acacia riparia Bentham from Brazil, So Paulo: Santa Anna, 25 May 1922, Holway-1879. (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae: Acacia cavenia Bertoloni, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1959: 74). Acacia riparia Bentham or ?Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 335Holway 1112, II,; So Paulo, Jackson, 1931: 335). Acacia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931335, Holway 1055; ii III, Holway 1028, II III, (Reliq. Holw. No. 268); Santa Catarina (IBI-12960). Mimosa separia Bentham, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 335). Ravenelia idonea has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, cinnamon-brown, paraphyses peripheral, colorless, mostly cylindrical, thin-walled or slightly apically thickened, urediniospores mostly broadly obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, sometimes oblatesphaeroid, often flattened on the two sides with pores, wall uniformly 1.5 m thick, dark cinnamon- or nearly chestnut-brown, echinulate, but smooth around the pores, pores 4, 2 on each flattened side, irregularly equatorial. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown, teliospores (45-)55-75(-77) m diam, chestnutbrown, smooth, 4-6 probasidial cells across, central cells (18-)19-22 x 16-18(-21) m, cells in one layer, cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, globoid, pendent, pedicel colorless, multihyphal, deciduous. The four equatorial germ pores of the urediniospores, two on one side and two on the other, each pair surrounded by a smooth area, are useful for identifying the species. The host originally identified as Mimosa appears more probably to be an Acacia. RAVENELIA INDIGOFERAE Tranzschel in Dietel, Hedwigia 33: 369. 1894. TYPE on Indigofera palmeri Watson, from Mexico, Jalisco: Rocky hills near Guadalajara, Pringle s. n. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). ' Pleoravenelia indigoferae (Tranzschel) Long, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 35: 129. 1903. = Ravenelia schroeteriana P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 245. 1896. Type on Indigofera sp. from ARGENTINA, Salta: between Salta and Campo Santo, April 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus s. n. = Ravenelia antiguana Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 608-609. 1940. TYPE on Indigofera sp., originally reported mistakenly as Cassia biflora Linnaeus, from GUATEMALA. Dept. Sacatepeteguez: near Antigua, Nov 1938 - Feb 1939, Standley63356. Anamorph Uredo anilis P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (68). 1899. Type on Indigofera sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, May 1884, Ule-145. On Leguminosae: Indigofera suffruticosa Miller (= Indigofera anil Linnaeus), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 350; Thurston, 1940: 304; IBI-13185), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 350), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1899: 68), So Paulo(Vigas, 1945: 53, IAC-3181; IBI-12024). Ravenelia indigoferae has been reported from Argentina northward to southern Arizona, The West Indues, Bermuda, and from Africa and Asia. Spermogonia few in a group, on both sides of leaves, subcuticular, type 7. Aecia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves and on rachis, usually grouped in a circle around the spermogonia, otherwise as the uredinia. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, yellowish brown, with numerous, mostly capitate paraphyses, 15-30 m diam apically, wall mostly 2-3 m thick, brown apically, colorless and thinner below; urediniospores (21-)23-25(-27) x (18-)20-22(-24) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall (1-)1.5(-2) m thick, golden or pale cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 912, scattered. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, but may be on rachis and stem, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, blackish, teliospores (65-)85-120(-135) m diam, chestnut-brown, without a thin paler outer layer, (3)4-7(8) probasidial cells across, each cell with (0)3-7(-10) cylindrical tubercles 3-7 m long, central cells (18-)20-27(-29; -32) m across, central cells 2-layered; cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, appressed to teliospore, pedicel multihyphal, colorless, deciduous. Ravenelia ingae (P. Hennings ) Arthur see YPSILOSPORA TUCMENSIS J. Hernndez & J. F. Hennen.

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Ravenelia irregularis H. S. Jackson & Holway, see RAVENELIA RIOENSIS Hennen & Cummins. Ravenelia juruensis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see Uredo juruensis (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) J. W. Baxter. Not Uredo juruensis P. Hennings, 1904. RAVENELIA LATA Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Institute 28: 6. 1990. Holotype: on Acacia glomerosa Bentham?, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Sete Lagoas, EMBRAPA center for corn and sorghum research, 20 June 1979, J. F. & M. M. Hennen & Ferreira, 79-79, II III (PUR, IBI13557). Ravenelia lata has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on adaxial side of leaflets, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brown, paraphyses peripheral, capitate, dark chestnut-brown, to 24 m wide, wall in apex to 10 m thick, thin and pale below; urediniospores (22-)25-32(-36) x (12-)14-17(-18) m, mostly elongately obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 2.5-4 m at apex, finely echinulate, golden-brown to cinnamon-brown, pores (4)5 or 6, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia but blackish brown, without paraphyses when formed de novo, teliospores 53-64 m wide, dark chestnut-brown, covered by a thin but discrete, pale outer layer, mostly 4 probasidial cells across, typically with 4 central and 6 peripheral cells, each cell with 6-20 conical spines, central cells (18-)22-26 m across, cells1-layered, cysts uniseriate, of same number (6) as peripheral cells, pendent, globoid, pedicel usually persistent, of few coarse hyphae. Other specimens. On Acacia glomerosa Bentham, BRAZIL. state of Bahia: 20 km. W of Victoria, 9 Mar 1984, J. F. & M. M. Hennen 84-229, II (IBI-15299); state of Minas Gerais: Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Sete Lagoas, 20 June 1979, J. F. & M. M. Hennen & A. Ferreira 79-80, III (ibi-13558); Itau de Minas, J. F. & M. M. Hennen & Y. Ono 88-224, II III (IBI-16333). The conically spined teliospores of R. lata, usually composed of four inner and six outer probasidial cells with six uniseriate cysts, are almost identical in structure to those of R. lagerheimiana Dietel and R. pazschkeana Dietel, both of which reportedly infect Calliandra spp. Although we describe the sori as subepidermal in origin, telial sori probably begin development intraepidermally (i.e. intracellular) on the inner surface of proximal epidermal cell walls. Abundant intracellular hyphae occur next to and close to the sori. Many of these hyphae have a characteristic form similar to, but much smaller than, those of R. geminipora. The sori usually emerge through an opening made by a circular crack in the epidermis, which remains attached in one place as a hinge-like structure. After the sori become erumpent, a thin membranous, cellular, peridium-like structure occurs closely adherent to the pieces of the ruptured host epidermis. This kind of structure occurs in nearly all species of Ravenelia, either adherent to the cuticle or epidermis. Ravenelia leucene-microphyllae Dietel, see RAVENELIA LYSILOMAE Arthur. Ravenelia lindquistii Hennen & Cummins, see RAVENELIA COHNIANA P. Hennings. RAVENELIA LONCHOCARPI Lagerheim & Dietel in Dietel, Hedwigia 33: 67. 1894. TYPE on Lonchocarpus campestris Martius from Brazil, Minas Gerais: date and locality not given, Regnell s. n. (S). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae: Derris floribunda (Bentham) Ducke, Amap (IBI-16591). Derris sp., So Paulo (IBI-16655). Lonchocarpus campestris Martius ex Bentham, Minas Gerais (Dietel: 1894A: 67); Maranho, (Rezende et al. (200?). Lonchocarpus latifolius Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Brasil (Silveira, 1951: 34). Lonchocarpus nitidus (Vogel) Bentham, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 125). Lonchocarpus sp. So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 150; these are Holway collections with tuberculate teliospores; IBI-12105).

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Ravenelia lonchocarpi has been reported only from Brazil with certainty. There is one very doubtful report from Ecuador. Reports of R. lonchocarpi from Cuba, Santo Domingo, and Central America are based on missidentifications of Sorataea nephroidea. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular, type 7. Aecia on both sides of leaves, around the spermogonia, deep-seated below the pallisade when on the adaxial side of leaves, strongly pustular, about cinnamon-brown, with abundant peripheral and inmixed, yellowish paraphyses and brown pedicellate spores as in the uredinia. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, cinnamonbrown, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, somewhat basket-like with abundant, pale brownish, falcate paraphyses with a thick dorsal and thin ventral wall, united basally and mostly 1-septate above, urediniospores radially asymmetrical, reniform in one view, obovoid when rolled 90, (22-)24-28(-30) x 1122 m, 11-18 m wide in the reniform aspect, dark-cinnamon brown, wall 1.5 m thick, echinulate but smooth on the invaginated side around the pores, pores 2, subequatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, blackish-brown, usually with paraphyses as the uredinia, teliospores (35)45-75(-88) m wide, dark chestnut-brown, more or less opaque with no discrete outer wall layer, commonly 4 or 3-5(-6) probasidial cells across, each cell with (5-) 6-8(-10) columnar or conical projections 3-4(-5) m long, (?or with numerous irregular tubercles, see below), cells in one layer, the central cells (14-)15-19 m wide, intercalary cells not seen between the probasidial cells and the cysts, cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, coherent, smooth (?or with irregular tubercles, see below), pedicel multihyphal, deciduous. Rezende et al (2002) reported, among others, the following measurements which seem not to be significantly diferent from those above. Uredinia-(98-)102(-108) x (69-)81(-98) m; Peripheral paraphyses-(35-)80(-100) x (-5)7(-8) m; Urediniospores-(24-)30(-32) x (-16)18(-20) m, reniform, (-obovoid to piriform); Teliospores-(50-)75(-92) x (32-) x 60(-72) m, 6 cells across, each cell with 6-10 columnar or conical projections 2-7 m long. Jackson (1931) reported two Holway collections from So Paulo identified as R. lonchocarpi. Their teliospores and teliospore cysts are conspicuously tuberculate. Other collections of R. lonchocarpi have teliospores with (5-) 6-8(-10) columnar or conical projections 3-4(-5,-7) m long on each probasidial cells and smooth teliospore cysts. Costa Netos collection from Rio Grande do Sul differs also in having more conspicuously erumpent sori with protective, longer paraphyses, 45-60 m vs. 25-40 m long. Sorataea nephroidea (Sydow) Eboh & Cummins has almost identical reniform urediniospores. Paraphyses of Sorataea nephroidea are relatively thin-walled, rounded apically and usually septate, those of Ravenelia lonchocarpi are relatively thick-walled, pointed at the tip and less frequently septate. Because of this similarity, reports of Ravenelia lonchocarpi from Cuba, Santo Domingo, and Central America are based on missidentifications of Sorataea nephroidea. (Kern, 1928). See Ravenelia bakeriana for a key to species of Ravenelia on Lonchocarpus and Derris. ? RAVENELIA LYSILOMAE Arthur var. LYSILOMAE, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 39: 392. 1905. TYPE on Lysiloma tergemina Bentham from Mexico, Guerrero: Iguala, 3 Nov 1903, Holway 5317. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Ravenelia leucanae-microphyllae Dietel, Bot. Centralbl. (Beih.) 20: 375. 1906. TYPE on ? Acacia sp. from Mexico, Guerrero: Igualla, 3 Nov. 1903, Holway 5314. Dendroecia lysilomae (Arthur) Arthur, Res. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 340, 1906. Ravenelia lysilomae var. lysilomae has been reported with certainty only on Acacia and Lysiloma from Guatemala and Mexico. The report by Jackson (1931: 337) from Brazil of R. leucaenae-microphyllae, which is a species from Mexico and a synonym of R. lysilomiae, needs to be confirmed. His report was based on a specimen collected by Holway on Acacia sp. from Gavea, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 8, 1921, Holway1100. Spermogonia in small groups on adaxial side of leaflets, subcuticular, type 7. Aecia similar to uredinia. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brownish, paraphyses clavate or capitate, yellowish or golden, to about 15 m diam apically, the apical wall 4-6 m thick, urediniospores (24-)27-33(-37) x (11-)13-17(-19) m, mostly elongately ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 1.5 m thick at sides, 2-2.5 m at apex, cinnamon-brown, usually paler below, finely and rather remotely echinulate, pores 4 or 5 (6) in an almost colorless equatorial band, large but difficult to count. Telia on both sides of leaves, often with thin-walled, saccate paraphyses, otherwise as the uredinia except blackish brown, teliospores (75-)88-110(-125) m diam, smooth, chestnut-brown with a paler outer but scarcely discrete layer over the spore, (6) 7-9 probasidial cells across, cells in one in one layer, outer cells laterally compressed and

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partly subtending spore, central cells (9-)12-19(-21) m across, cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, appressed to underside of spore, pedicel multihyphal, colorless, deciduous. RAVENELIA MACROCARPA H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 329. 1903. Holotype: on Cassia bicapsularis Linnaeus, now probably Senna pendula (Willdenow) Irwin & Barneby, from Brazil. No locality or date given, collector Sello (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). ' Haploravenelia macrocarpa (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 19: 165. 1921. Anamorph Uredo cyclogena Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9:172. 1880. TYPE on Senna corymbosa (Lamarck) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia corymbosa Lamarck) from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Boca del Riachuelo, Feb 1880, Spegazzini-s.n.. On Leguminosae: Senna floribunda Cavanilles, Santa Catarina ( ex NY). Senna neglecta (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby, Santa Catarina (ex NY) Senna pendula (Willdenow) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia bicapsularis Linnaeus, Cassia coluteoides DeCandolle ex Colladon), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 343), So Paulo (Holway 1875). Senna sp. (Cassia laevigata Willdenow), Rio de Janeiro (Holway 14490). Senna sp.(Cassia sp.), So Paulo (IBI-14552, -18578); Brasil (Hennings, 1896: 252, as Uredo cyclogena). Ravenelia macrocarpa has been reported also from Argentina, and Peru. Spermogonia and aecia on Ferreyra 7271 from Peru. Uredinia (Uredo cyclogena Spegazzini) on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, often in circles on pale chlorotic spots, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, pale cinnamon-brown, paraphyses 50-60 m long, 3.5-5 m wide stalk, 8-12 m wide head, few, clavate capitate, wall very thick in stipe, thinner in head, colorless; urediniospores (20-)22-28(-30) x (16-)1820(-22) m, mostly obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3(-3.5) m thick, pale cinnamon-brown or goldenbrown, echinulate but mostly less so to nearly smooth on proximal 1/3 of spore, spines (1-)1.5-2 m apart, pores 6-8(-9) mostly 8, scattered or tending to be bizonate in a wide equatorial area. Telia on both sides of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, blackish brown; teliospores (80-)93-120(-145) m diam, dark chestnut-brown, smooth, with no discrete outer wall layer, (6)7-10(-11) probasidial cells across, central cells (13-)17-18(-20) x (12-)13-17 m, variable both in size and shape, cells in one layer; cysts multiseriate, numerous, globoid, pendent; pedicel multihyphal, fragile, deciduous (Hernndez & Hennen, 2002: ). For comparison, we include a description of Ravenelia messilana,which occurs in Mexico and the SW United State of America, and is almost identical to Ravenelia macrocarpa. Ravenelia mesillana Ellis & Bartholomew in Ellis & Everhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 508. 1898. Holotype: on Senna bauhinioides A. Gray (Cassia bauhinioides A. Gray), near Mesilla, New Mexico, Oct 1897, Wooton s. n. (NY: isotype PUR 6307). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Ravenelia longiana H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Hedwigia 40 (Beibl.): 128. 1901. Holotype on Senna roemeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia roemeriana Scheele), Austin, Texas, 24 Aug 1901, W. H. Long Jr. (isotypes, Sydow, Uredineen 1736). = Ravenelia cassiae-covesii Long & Goodding in Long, Bot. Gaz. 72: 42. 1921. Holotype on Senna covesii (A. Gray) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia covesii A. Gray), Sabino canyon, (NY, isotype PUR). Catalina Mts., Arizona, 11 Mar 1920, Gooding and Thurston 79. Haploravenelia mesillana (Ellis & Bartholomew) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 19: 165. 1921. Spermogonia amphigenous especially along veins and on petioles and stems, subcuticular in origin, type 7. Aecia often extensively confluent around spermogonia, subcuticular in origin, brown, aeciospores and paraphyses as in uredinia. Uredinia amphigenous, subcuticular in origin, cinnamon-brown, paraphyses variable in number, cylindrical or capitate, the capitate ones with solid stipe and thin-walled head, the cylindrical ones usually uniformly thin-walled, urediniospores (19-)22-26(-29) x (15-)17-19(-21) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall (2-)2.5-3 m thick, cinnamon-brown or dark golden brown, echinulate, pores (6) 7-10, irregularly bizonate or scattered. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown, teliospores (60-)80-115(-150) m diam, chestnut-brown, overlaid with a thin but discrete, nearly colorless layer, smooth or rarely a few peripheral cells with 1 papilla, (5) 6-9 (10) probasidial cells across, central cells (11-)13-17(-19) m across, cells in one layer, cysts multiseriate, pendent, pedicel multihyphal, colorless, deciduous.

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Ravenelia mesillana has been reported on Cassia bauhinioides Gray from U.S.A.: Texas; on C. covesii Gray from MEXICO, U.S.A.: Arizona; on C. durangensis Rose from U.S.A.: Texas; on C. roemeriana Scheele from U.S.A.: New Mexico. This species is common in southern Arizona and Texas; it also occurs southward to central Sonora but is not yet recorded in Neotropica. See Ravenelia dentifera for a key to the species of Ravenelia on Cassia. Chamaecrista, and Senna. RAVENELIA MICROCYSTIS Pazschke in Rabenhorst-Winter-Pazschke. Fungi europaei No. 3922, 1893, in Dietel, Hedwigia 33: 62. 1894. TYPE on Cassia sp.from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Dec 1886, Ule s. n. (0/I,II/III). ' Haploravenelia microcystis (Pazschke) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 19: 165. 1921. On Leguminosae: Cassia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Ule-1350,), Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1894A: 62, Ule 10090; Hennings, 1896: 246), Rio de Janeiro (Ule s. n.). Ravenelia microcystis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves in small groups. Aecia on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular in origin, without paraphyses, arranged concentrically around the spermogonia, yellowish brown, aeciospores pedicellate, (17-)18-22(-24) x (9-)10-12(-13) m, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 1.5 m thick at sides, 2-2.5(-3) m at apex, yellowish to pale golden brown, echinulate, pores 4-6, equatorial. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered, otherwise and urediniospores essentially as the aeciospores. Telia on the adaxial side of leaves subcuticular in origin, blackish, teliospores (58-)75-105(-120) m, (7) 8 or 9 (10) probasidial cells across, chestnut-brown with a thin pale outer layer, smooth, cells in one layer, of rather uniform size (10-)11-15(-16) m across, cysts multiseriate, globoid, small, pendent, pedicel not seen (F. europ.: Hyphae stipitales in stipit m compositum non conjunctae). See Ravenelia dentifera for a key to the species of Ravenelia on Cassia, Chamaecrista, and Senna. RAVENELIA MICROSPORA Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 6: 98. 1908. TYPE on Senna sp. (Cassia sp.), from Brazil, So Paulo: Nossa Senhora, Mar 1907, Usteri s. n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae: Senna multijuga (L. C. Rich.) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia multijuga L. C. Rich), Par (IBI-13239). Senna sylvestris var. excelsa (Schrader) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia excelsa Schrader), Federal District: (Irwin et al. 18102, ex NY); Gois (Macedo s.n., ex US); Minas Gerais (IBI15357), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 343, Holway et al. 1239), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 343, Holway et al. 1682 298). Cassia sp., So Paulo(Dietel, 1908: 98). Ravenelia microspora has been reported also from Venezuela and is characterized especially by small urediniospores. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, pale cinnamon-brown, the overarching cuticle conspicuous, without paraphyses, urediniospores (11-)12-14 x 9-10 m, obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick pale yellowish, echinulate, pores 4 or 5, equatorial. Telia as such not seen, teliospores associated with the uredinia, chestnut-brown, (55-)66100(-110) m diam, 7-9 (10) probasidial cells across, without a discrete outer wall layer,cells in one layer, most of the peripheral cells each with 1 cylindrical or slightly capitate, brownish tubercle 4-5 m wide and to 7 m long, other cells smooth, central cells (10-)12-15(-17) m across, cysts multiseriate, globoid, pendent, pedicel multihyphal, colorless, deciduous. See Ravenelia dentifera for a key to the species of Ravenelia on Cassia. Chamaecrista, and Senna. Ravenelia mimosae P. Hennings, see RAVENELIA HEIRONYMI Spegazzini. RAVENELIA MIMOSAE-SENSITIVAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 246. 1896. Holotype: on Mimosa sensitiva Linnaeus (or more probably M. argentinensis Burkhart), Tucumn, Argentina, Lorentz s. n. (B), n. v., isotype BPI. (-/-,IIpe/III). = Ravenelia mimosae-albidae Dietel, Bot. Centralbl. (Beib.) 20: 378. 1906. Lectotype on Mimosa albida Humboldt & Bonpland, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico 29 Sept 1898, Holway 3125, PUR 6283 (lectotype designated here). = Ravenelia mimosae-caeruleae Dietel, Bot. Centralbl. (Beib.) 20: 378. 1906. Holotype on

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Mimosa caerulea Rose, Cuautla, Morelos, Mexico, 20 Oct 1903, Holway (fide note by Arthur in PUR). = Ravenelia mimosicola Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 137. 1907. Holotype on Mimosa stipitata Robinson, Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, 4 Nov 1903, Holway 5326, PUR 6269. = Ravenelia victotia-rossetii Dianese, L., T. P. Santos, R. B. Medeiros & M. Sanchez in Dianese, J. C. et al., Fitopatol. bras. 18: 442. 1993. TYPE on Mimosa radula var. imbricata from Brazil, Federal District,: Biology Experiment Station of the University of Brasilia, 12 March 1993, R. B. Madeiros & Hennen s.n. Anamorph: Uredo sensitiva Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 236-237. 1898. Holotype on Mimosa sensitiva Linnaeus, Valley of Rio Chico near Tucumn, Argentina, Jan 1895, collector presumably Spegazzini, LPS?. ' Ravenelia sensitiva (Spegazzini) Spegazzini, Rev. Argentina Bot. 1: 132. 1925. Basionym, Uredo sensitiva Spegazzini, telia not described, an anamorph. = Uredo assumptionis Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 31: 392. 1922. Holotype on Mimosa balansae Micheli, Asuncon, Paraguay, July 1919. = Ravenelia mimosae-pudicae Kern, Thurston & Whetzel, Mycologia 25: 483. 1933. Holotype on Mimosa pudica Linnaeus, Itagui, Colombia, 17 Aug 1930, Archer H-108, PAC, telia not described, an anamorph. On Leguminosae Mimosa radula var. imbricata Bentham, Federal District, Gois (Dianese et al., 1993). Mimosa sp. Minas Gerais (Hennen & Figueiredo-86-180). Ravenelia mimosae-sensitivae has been reported from Argentina to Mexico. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia amphigenous and on pods, subcuticular in origin, erumpent, yellowish brown, with abundant mostly spatulate or clavately capitate, golden brown paraphyses to 20 m wide apically but usually only 8-12 m wide, the wall to 8 m thick apically, the stalk usually solid, urediniospores (17-)18-21(-25) x (13-)15-18(-20) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, golden or pale cinnamon-brown, closely verrucose-echinulate with hub and spoke pattern, pores 8-10, scattered. Telia as the uredinia except blackish brown and without paraphyses, teliospores (55-)69-90(-100) m diam, (3) 4-6 (7) probasidial cells across, chestnut-brown with an outer, thin but discrete pale layer bearing more or less cylindrical tubercles 2.5-3 m wide and (2-)3-7 m long, with (3) 4-8(-10) on each cell, all cells in one layer with small intercalary cells, central cells (16-)19-25(-28) m across, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, pendent, pedicel multihyphal, colorless, deciduous. Baxter (1965) determined that R. mimosae-albidae, and R. mimosicola were synonyms of R. mimosae-sensitivae. Earlier Lindquist (1954) suggested that R. mimosae-caeruleae was synonymous but did not make the formal transfer because he did not have type material for comparison. He also determined that Uredo sensitivae (R. sensitivae) is an anamorph of R. mimosae-sensitivae. Lindquist (1982) placed U. assumptionis and we place U. mimosae-pudicae as synanamorphs of U. sensitivae. SEM photos reveal the reticulate pattern on the underside of the cuticle that is formed very early in development by the distal layer of a very young telial sorus. The cylindrical tubercles on the teliospores become almost full size while the spore is immature. The uniseriate cysts are pendent. SEM photos also reveal urediniospores, with hub and spoke sculpture pattern in which the spoke has two saturn-like rings, a smaller one above and a larger one below, are almost identical to those of R. fragrans Long on Mimosa spp. from Mexico and the southwestern United States of America. Ravenelia mineirosensis Rezende & Dianese see RAVENELIA CEBIL Spegazzini. RAVENELIA [Spumula] MINUTA H. Sydow & P. Sydow. Ann. Mycol. 14: 69. 1916. TYPE on ?Pithecellobium sp. ,Leguminosae, from Peru, Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, June 1911, Ule-3492. (-/-,IIpe/III). Ravenelia minuta, which has been reported only from the type collection from nearby Peru, should be transferred to Spumula because the teliospores are unihyphal. The moniliform paraphyses were not mentioned by the Sydows and are easily overlooked or might be mistaken for spores of an anamorph. Spermogonia. and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular in origin, paraphyses not seen, urediniospores l8-23 x (10-)11-12 m, elongately obovoid, wall finely echinulate, pores 4, equatorial. Telia on the adaxial side of leaves, small with pore-like opening, subcuticular in origin,

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paraphyses cylindrical. moniliform. 4-5 celled, pale golden, united below, the free part about 70 x 8 m, apex rounded, the whole adherent to the upturned cuticle, teliospores 33-45 m diam, but irregular in outline, 3-5 probasidial cells wide, with no outer discrete layer, typicallv comprised of 1-4 central cells and 6 peripheral cells, in 1 layer, all cells with 1-5 conical spines about 3 m high and 3 m wide at base, central cells 17-20 x 15-18 m, wall clear golden brown, cysts 3, globoid, pendent, pedicel deciduous, unicellular judging by remnants attached to a few spores. ? RAVENELIA PAPILLOSA Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 229. 1899. TYPE on Acacia visco Lorentz ex Grisebach. (A. platensis), originally mistakenly determined as Albizzia julibrissen, from Argentina, Buenos Aires: horto botanico, La Plata, 8 June 1847, Spegazzini s. n. (LPS 4956). ). (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo leguminicola Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 317-318. 1909. TYPE on Acacia visco Lorentz ex Grisebk from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Botanical Garden of Buenos Aires, March 1906, E. Autran s.n. The host was originally identified mistakenly as Acacia lophanta Willdenow and reidentified by Spegazzini as Acacia platensis Manganaro fide Lindquist (1954). Acacia platensis is a synonym of Acacia visco Ravenelia papillosa has ben reported with certainty only from Argemtina. Grillo (1936: 42) recorded Ravenelia papillosa for Brazil but the report is probably mistaken. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia and telia developed on conspicuous witches brooms. Uredinia on both sides of leaves and on rachises and branches, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brown; paraphyses intermixed, numerous, clavate or clavate-capitate, 40-50 m long, about 14-16 m wide in head, wall yellowish to brown, stalk ca 5 m across, thick-walled; urediniospores (18-)20-24 x (12-)14-19 m, broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick, pale brownish or golden, echinulate, pores difficult to count in the holotype, about 10-12, scattered. Telia following in uredinia, or formed de novo without paraphyses, blackish, teliospores 88-120(-130) m diam, dark chestnut-brown 7-10 probasidial cells across, each cell with 5-10 cones or conical papillae 2-3 m high, especially obvious peripherally, cells 1-layered; cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells(?), coherent; pedicel multihyphal, deciduous (Hernndez and Hennen, 2003). Lindquist (1982) reported this species only from around La Plata, Argentina, and that the numerous witchesbrooms of this species do much damage to the hosts. Hernndez and Hennen (2003).reported Ravenelia papillosa also from Tucumn and Catamarca provence on Parapiptadenia excelsa (Grisebach) Lillo. . Ravenelia parahybana Vigas, see RAVENELIA PILEOLARIOIDES H. & P.Sydow. RAVENELIA PAZSCHKEANA Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 253. 1899. TYPE on undetermined Mimosaceae (considered probably to be Calliandra sp. by Sydow) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca, Sept 1897, Ule 2437. Not otherwise known (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae (the records below are all based on the type collection, and probably on Calliandra sp. Calliandra sp., Brazil state not recorded (Silveira, 1951: 34.) Leucaena sp. Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F2058). Mimosoideae, genus undetermined, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 253; Hennings, 1904A: 79). Ravenelia pazschkeana has been reported only from the type collection. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, yellowish, paraphyses cylindrical, clavate or capitate, wall uniform or apically thickened in cylindrical ones or to 3-6 m thick apically in capitate ones, colorless to pale brownish; urediniospores (22)25-35(-39) x 12-16(-19) m, variable, ovoid, oblong-ellipsoid, obovoid, or elongately obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, (2-)4-5(-7) m at apex, cinnamon-brown or golden brown, evenly echinulate, pores 4 or 5 (6), equatorial. Telia as the uredinia but blackish brown, without paraphyses when formed de novo, teliospores (45-)55-77(-80) m diam, 4 or 5 probasidial cells across, cells 1-layered, typically with 6 peripheral and 4 inner cells, dark chestnut-brown with a very thin, pale outer layer, each cell with 4-10 conical spines 2-3 m long, central cells 20-25 x 17-23 m, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, pendent or semipendent (sometimes with short papillae or tubercles, fide J. W. Baxter), pedicel of 2 (or few) hyphae, colorless, deciduous.

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RAVENELIA PERNIGRA Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol Inst. (Japan) 28: 8. 1990. TYPE on Cratylia sp. (?C. argentea) from Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul: 5 km. NE of Coxim on Rio Taquari, 18 Apr 1983, J. F. Hennen, M. M. Hennen & R. Antunes 83-220 (IBI-14372). (?/?,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae Cratylia argentea (Desv.) O. Kuntze (includes C. floribunda Bentham), Cear, Paran (Hatschbach s. n., Hatschbach 19788). Cratylia hypargyrea Martius ex Bentham, Espirito Santo (R. P. Belm-1578). Cratylia mollis Martius ex Bentham, Bahia (L. M. C. Gonzalves-130, A. Fernandes et al. 14076), Pernambuco (J. M. Santos s. n.). Cratylia sp., Cear (IBI-17120), Mato Grosso (IBI-16731). Ravenelia pernigra has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, subepidermal in origin, scattered, without paraphyses, dark brown, urediniospores (16-)18-22(-24) x (13-)15-18 m, globoid or broadly obovoid, wall 1.5 m thick, dark cinnamon brown, echinulate with prominent spines spaced (2-)2.5-4 m, pores 3, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia except blackish, teliospores mostly 60-75(-80) m diam, 4 (5) probasidial cells across, comprised typically of 3 or 4 central cells and 6 or 8 peripheral cells, central cells 2327(-29) x (19-)20-22(-24) m, cells 1-layered, wall dark chestnut-brown, rather opaque, with a scarcely discrete, paler, thin, outer layer bearing (3-)5-8 pale yellowish, slightly tapered, papillae (3-)4-7 m long, 33.5 m wide on each cell, cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral spores, appressed, pedicel of few coarse hyphae, deciduous. The first three records listed above are from vascular plant herbarium specimens. The specimen from Pernambuco state listed above has similar teliospores but urediniospores are larger, darker brown, and with thicker walls. Cratylia species, the hosts of Ravenelia pernigra, are used as animal forage in some parts of Brazil. RAVENELIA PILEOLARIOIDES H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 68-69. 1916. TYPE on Caesalpinia sp. (originally determined mistakenly as Pithecellobium sp.) from Brazil, Cear: Serra de Maranguape, Oct 1910, Ule-3407. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Ravenelia parahybana Vigas, Bragantia 5: 54. 1945. TYPE on Caesalpinia sp. from BRAZIL, Paraba: Flores, Municipio. de Alagoa Grande, Aug 1938, Deslandes s. n. On Leguminosae: Caesalpinia pyramidales Tulasne, Cear (Sydow, 1916: 68; R. T. de Almeida-355). Caesalpinnia sp., Cear (IBI-17132), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 54; IAC-2698). Ravenelia pileolarioides has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, dark brown, paraphyses peripheral to 100 m long, 8-10 m wide, incurved, very thick-walled dorsally and apically, golden to brown; urediniospores (24-)28-33(-36) x (14-)17-20(-23) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m at sides, dark cinnamon- to chestnut-brown, 4 m thick at apex by a nearly colorless, broadly cone-shaped cap, with spiral beaded ridges, 0.5 m wide spaced (2-)2.5 (-3.5) m, usually 8-10 showing in a surface focal plane, pores 3 (4), equatorial, obvious. Telia similar to uredinia, teliospores (50-)58-80(-100) m diam, (3)4 or 5 probasidial cells across, central cells 20-24(-26) x 17-22 m, cells in one layer, wall dark chestnut-brown, overlaid with a discrete, pale brownish layer, each cell bearing 4 to 8 broadly rounded cones or tubercles 1-3 m long and wide, cysts uniseriate, same number as peripheral cells, colorless, coherent, more or less globoid, each with a few tubercles, pedicel of few hyphae, colorless, deciduous. In our collection of Ravenelia pileolarioides from the type region (Hennen & Almeida 90-90) some teliospores are smooth or almost so, indicating a close relationship to R. corbuloides. See Ravenelia cohniana for a key to help identify species of Ravenelia on Caesalpinia and Cenostigma in the Neotropics. RAVENELIA PITHECOLOBII Arthur, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 39: 394. 1905. TYPE on Pithecellobium dulce (Roxbury) Bentham from Mexico, Jalisco: Guadalajara, 27 Sept 1903, Holway 505. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III).

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On Leguminosae: Pithecellobium sp., Cear (Vigas, 1945: 55; IAC-3811, Almeida, 1985). Ravenelia pithecolobii is know also from Colombia, Venezuela, and Mexico. We have not seen the collections of Ravenelia pithecolobii from Sobral and Forteleza, Cear, Brazil reported by Vigas (1945) and Almeida (1985). Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, subcuticular, type 7, numerous in close groups on small, distorted, light brown leaf spots 0.5-1.5 mm across. Aecia surrounding the groups of spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, or distorted, light brown leaf spots 3-5(-8) mm across; aeciospores (24-)2733(-38) x (15-)16-20(-22) m, pedicellate, ellipsoid or elongately obovoid; wall 2 m thick laterally, 4-6 m thick apically, uniformly echinulate; pores 4-6 equatorial, without caps. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, often in circles, subepidermal in origin, about cinnamon-brown, without paraphyses, urediniospores (24-)2733(-40) x (15-)16-20(-22) m, mostly ellipsoid or elongately obovoid, wall (1.5-)2(-2.5) m thick at sides (3)4-6(-7) m at apex, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 4-6, commonly 5, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia but blackish brown, teliospores (60-)70-85(-100) m diam, (4) 5-8 probasidial across, cells in one layer, chestnut-brown with a thin but discrete, pale outer layer which bears (1) 2 or 3 (4) aculeae 5-7 m long, 2-3 m wide at base on each cell, central cells 12-16(-18) m across, cysts uniseriate, appressed to spore, of same number as peripheral cells, pedicel of few coarse hyphae or, in small spores of only 1 or 2 hyphal strands, colorless, semipersistent. RAVENELIA PLATENSIS Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 228. 1899. TYPE on Erythrina crista-galli Linnaeus from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Santa Catalina, Verano 1890, Spegazzini s. n. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae: Erythrina crista-galli Linnaeus, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 345; Holway 1288). Erythrina verna Velloso (reported as E. mulungu Martius), Alagas (Vigas, 1945: 55, IAAC3817). Erythrina sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 345, Holway 1157. Ravenelia platensis has been reported also from Argentina, and Uruguay. Spegazzini (1899) listed localities as ...prope La Plata, in Santa Catalina, In Isla de Martn Garca et in Chaco, per ann: 1883-98. Lindquist (Rev. Fac. Agron. 30: 323. 1954) cited the type as above where we consider it to be lectotype. Lindquist (1954) reported this rust as wide-spread and recognizable from a distance because of the large galls on the branches. Lindquist and Rosengurt (1967) reported it from Montevideo, Uruguay and as widespread in the La Plata River area. In the Holway specimens listed above, the teliospores are variable and mostly with few probasidial cells, some even uni-celled, some bi-celled as Dicheirinia, or often tri-celled. The cysts also vary and may be absent in spores with only one probasidial cell, or like the intercalary cells of Dicheirinia teliospores, thus non-hygroscopic. The host species is the national flower of Argentina (Cabrera, 1967), widespread in southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina, and a widely cultivated ornamental that has various other folk uses. Spermogonia subcuticular, on both sides of leaves when on leaves, also on stem and petiole galls. Aecia on both sides of leaves and associated, often circinately, with the spermogonia, subepidermal becoming erumpent and often confluent, without paraphyses, aeciospores pedicellate, (28-)33-42(-46) x (22-)24-30(-35) m, flattened obovoid or in occasional orientation reniform, wall (3-)4-5 m thick, pale golden, strongly and rather sparsely echinulate, the spines 2-3 m long, with smooth areas around pores on the two flattened sides, pores 3 -4, equatorial, usually large and obvious. Uredinia and urediniospores similar to aecia and aeciospores spores. Telia also on both sides of leaves or caulicolous, blackish brown, teliospores (75-)85100(120) m diam, dark mahogany, smooth, (1-, 2-, several-), 5 or 6 probasidial cells across, cells in one layer, cysts (0-, 2-, several-)15-20, adherent, circling the pedicel as a collar, not different in water, pedicel composed of various hyphae, colorless but often pigmentede next to the spore, persistent. Our observations of infections of this species in a city park in La Platra, Argentina on 1 Oct 1997 revealed numerous dead galls up to 15 x 8 cm.from the last season. The galls seemed to be annual, dying after one season. New infections were abundant on young stems, petioles and leaflets producing large hypertrophied areas with neumerous spermogonia that were oozing honey-dew and with a detectabler odor. No other new sori had developed on this date. Old detached teliospores were found stuck by the gelatinized

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cysts to dead branchlets. The galls were much deteriorated and no spores were found on them. The galls are initiated probably only by infections from basidiospores. RAVENELIA [Spumula]RATA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 337. 1931. TYPE on Acacia pedicellata Bentham, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 13 Aug 1921, Holway-1032. (0/-/-/III). Ravenelia rata has been reported only from the type collection. The teliospores of this species are unihyphal and the species will be transferred to Spumula. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves in small groups, subcuticular. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia on both sides of leaves with the spermogonia, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, pale brown, teliospore when seen from the top or bottom (30-)33-40(-44) m diam, golden brown, 7-9-celled, most commonly comprised of 6 peripheral and 3 internal cells, central cells variable, 14-20 x 12-17 m, wall uniformly 1.5 m thick, ornamented with variable tubercles, varying from columnar to apically bifurcate or knobbed, 2-3 m high, colorless, cysts small, globoid, discrete, most often 3 with 1 to each peripheral cell, pedicel monohyphal, colorless, semipersistent to deciduous. RAVENELIA RIOENSIS Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 28: 9. 1990. nom. nov. for R. irregularis. (?/?,II/III). ' Ravenelia irregularis H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 336. 1931. TYPE on Acacia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 20 Dec 1921, Holway-1416. Not Arthur 1907 for a rust on Tephrosia sp. On Leguminosae: Acacia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 336). In addition to the type Ravenelia rioensis has been reported from two other collections, Holway 1065, 1109, from the same area and on apparently the same small leaflet Acacia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the adaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, brown, without paraphyses, urediniospores (17-)19-24(-27) x (10-)12-14(-15) m, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5 m thick or thickened at apex to 2.5 m, cinnamon-brown, finely and sparsely echinulate, pore 4-6, equatorial. Telia as the uredinia but dark chestnut-brown, teliospores (35-)7090(-99) m diam, 4-6 probasidial cells across, chestnut-brown, , inner cells 2-layered with smaller basal intercalary cells, each cell with 4-8 tubercles or rounded cones 2-3 m high, discrete outer layer lacking, central cells 17-23(-26) x 12-15 m surface view, cysts globoid, small, biseriate, pendent, pedicel colorless, multihyphal, deciduous. RAVENELIA SANTOS-COSTAE J. C. Dianese, Medeiros, Santos & A. C. Dianese in J. C. Dianese et al., Fitopatol. Bras. 18: 443. 1993. TYPE on Calliandra dysantha Bentham from Brazil, Federal District: Brasilia, 7 Sept 1992, Dianese s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Ravenelia santos-costae was reported from one other collection from the Federal District, Brasilia. . Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 20-85 m (!) diam, mostly on the abaxial side of leaflets, subepidermal in origin, light brown, paraphyses numerous, (70-)80-96 x 4-6 m, cylindrical with globoid to ovoid tips,14-24 m diam., urediniospores (25-)26-31(-32) x (16-)17-20(-22) m, elongate, obovoid, to elliptical, base truncate, wall 2-3 m thick at base, 1.5-2 m at sides and apex, echinulate, yellowish, pores 2-4, equatorial, sporogenous cells 25-38 x 4-6 m, urediniospores and paraphyses formed blasticly by sympodial proliferations from the sporogenous cells. Telia on adaxial side of leaflets, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brown to dark brown, paraphyses hymenial, 35-42 x 4-6 m, cylindrical to clavate, teliospores 51-64 m across, mostly 4 probasidial cells across, usually 2-4 central cells surrounded by 6 peripheral cells, central cells 18-20 x 20-22 m, each cell with 10-16 echinulations, echinulae 4-7 x 2.5-3 m, cells 1-layered, cysts 6, uniseriatem globoid, each with a short stalk, pedicel composed of 2 hyphal strands, persistent (Dianese et al., 1993) An illustrtation (Fig. 7e) in the original publication of Ravenelia santos-costae indicates (perhaps) that the walls of the heads of the capitate parayhyses are sculptured, either verrucose or echinulate. Cysts also appear to be sculptured (Fig. 7b). These traits, which may be useful to help identify the species, were not included in the original description and need to be confirmed. Ravenelia schroeteriana P. Hennings, see RAVENELIA INDIGOFERAE Tranzschel.

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RAVENELIA SEPTATA Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. (Japan) 28: 9. 1990. Type on Mimosa sp. from Brazil, Minas Gerais: 15 km NW of So Gotardo, 4 April, 1986, Hennen & Panchoni-86-75. (?/?,IIpe/III). Ravenelia septata has been reported only from the type locality on the type host. The species is the only Ravenelia on Mimosa that has two layers of inner probasidial cells in the teliospores. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mainly hypophyllous, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, yellowish, with inconspicuous, peripheral, slightly incurved, cylindrical, from uniformly thinwalled to dorsally thick-walled paraphyses, urediniospores (19-) 20-24 x (13-) 15-19 m, broadly ellipsoid, less often obovoid; wall 1.5-2 m thick, essentially colorless, echinulate, pores 7 or 8, scattered, obscure. Telia mostly epiphyllous, blackish brown, teliospores (65-) 75-100 (-120) m diam, (4) 5 or 6 (7) probasidial cells across, chestnut-brown, an outer, thin, pale wall layer conspicuous, the peripheral cells each with 2-5 cones 3-5 m long, 2.5-3 m wide at base, 1-layered, the inner cells with fewer or no cones, 2-layered, central cells 20-24 (-25) x (17-) 18-21 (-23) m, cysts colorless, globoid, multiseriate, separate, pedicel colorless, multihyphal. Ravenelia septata is the only Ravenelia on Mimosa in which the inner probisidial cells of the teliospores are in two layers. RAVENELIA SIMPLEX Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 252. 1899. TYPE on Piptadenia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Mau, Aug 1897, Ule 1080. (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae: Piptadenia communis Bentham, Minas Gerais (IBI-13512), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 252). ? Leguminosae undetn., Pernambuco, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 56). Ravenelia simplex has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, brownish, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, with cylindrical, yellowish, septate, dorsally thick-walled, peripheral paraphyses, urediniospores 23-29 x 15-18 m, obovoid, pale brown, verrucose, pores 6, equatorial (not seen; from Dietel, 1899). Telia on both sides of leaves but mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, chestnut-brown, paraphysate, teliospores varying from 1-celled (uncommon) to 2-celled and typically dicheirinioid (common) to 12-celled and typically ravenelioid, thus 1 to 2 to 3, to 4, to 5 probasidial cells across and from 15-60 m diam, near chestnut-brown, probasidial cells in one layer, each with 6-12 narrowly rounded cones or papillae 2-3.5 m long, without a discrete outer wall layer, cysts stalked, pendent, ovoid to globoid, hygroscopic and colorless present on multiple-celled (ravenelioid) spores, fewer than the cells, pedicel mostly few to often 2-hyphoid, or cysts small, non-hygroscopic and appearing as intercalary cells at the distal end of the pedicel (like Dicheirinia) on few, especially 2- and 3-celled spores, pedicel unihyphal. The teliospores of Ravenelia simplex are unusually variable. Some are typical Ravenelia-like and some are typical Dicheirinia-like, with various intermediates, all occurring in a single sorus. Dicheirinia spinulosa (J. W. Baxter) Hennen & Cummins, a Mexican species, has similarly variable teliospores but unlike Ravenelia the multicelled spores lack hygroscopic cysts and have unihyphal pedicels. RAVENELIA SPIRALIS Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst (Japan). 28: 11. 1990. .TYPE on Cenostigma sp.from Brazil, Gois: hwy. 153, 33 km. S of Araguaina, 3 Dec 1977, J. F. & M. M. Hennen 77-307. (0/Ipstr,IIpstr/III). On Leguminosae: Cenostigma macrophylla Tulasne , Bahia, Gois, Maranho, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais (Hennen & Cummins, 1990: 11-12). Ravenelia spiralis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves in close or loose groups, type 7, conspicuous. Aecia subepidermal in origin, on the abaxial side of leaves opposite the spermogonia, cinnamon-brown, with abundant, incurved, peripheral paraphyses as in the uredinia but golden to deep golden-brown, aeciospores pedicellate and as the urediniospore. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, dark chocolate-brown, subepidermal in origin, conspicuously erumpent and basket-like because of the abundant, incurved, basally united paraphyses, 50-100 x 8-9 m, the wall thin at base but thick above, especially apically and dorsally, golden to chestnut-brown, urediniospores (18-)20-26(-28) x (15-)17-20 m, broadly ellipsoid ovoid, or

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obovoid, wall1 0.5-2.5 m at sides, 2-8 m at apex, cinnamon-brown to light chestnut-brown, spirally striate with ridges 0.5 m wide and spaced 2-3 m, pores 2 near the hilum. Telia not seen, teliospores in uredinia 60-85 m wide, chestnut-brown, smooth, (4)5-6(7) probasidial cells across, the pigmented wall overlaid by a thin but discrete, nearly colorless layer, cells in one layer, central cells (12-)14-17(-18) m across, cysts uniseriate of same number as peripheral cells, appressed, pedicel of few hyphae, deciduous. Ravenelia spiralis is identified most easily by its uredinia which under low magnification appear as superficial, minute, dark brown rings or balls because of the numerous peripheral slightly incurved, brown paraphyses, and uredinisopores whose walls have spirally striate, thin ridges about 0.5 m wide, spaced 2-3 m apart, and two germ pores near the hilum. The teliospore walls are smooth. Ravenelia cenostigmatis has very similar urediniospores but its teliospores are remarkably different. In Mexico, R. striatispora Cummins & J. W. Baxter has similarly striate urediniospores but with interconnecting ridges and the sori lack paraphyses. It occurs on Pithecellobium. R. corbula J. W. Baxter on Caesalpinia, also in Mexico, has spirally verrucose anamorph spores and a basket-like sorus formed by the peripheral paraphyses but differs in having tuberculate teliospores and urediniospores with equatorial pores. See Ravenelia cohniana for a key to help identify species of Ravenelia on Caesalpinia and Cenostigma in the Neotropics. RAVENELIA SYDOWIANA Rick, Ann. Mycol. 5: 337. 1907. TYPE on Lonchocarpus sp. (reported originally as Leguminosae indet.) from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Nova Petropolis, 1907, Rick No. 151 Fungi austro-americani. (0/III). On Leguminosae: Lonchocarpus leucanthus, Rio Grande do Sul (G. Malme). Lonchocarpus sp., Rio Grande do Sul (Rick, 1907B: 337, ex Theissen, Decades fungorum brasiliensium; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 126). Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F17345), So Paulo (IBI-13783). Ravenelia sydowiana has been reported also from Argentina. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, subcuticular, type 7. Aecia and uredinia not produced. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, at times caulicolous, closely associated with the spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, blackish, paraphyses commonest peripherally but also inmixed, numerous, cylindrical, straight, curved or flexuous, wall thick, colorless or pale yellowish; teliospores (40-)52-82(-88) m diam, dark chestnut-brown, more or less opaque, without a thin, pale outer layer, 4-6 probasidial cells across, central cells (16-)18-22(-24) m diam, peripheral cells commonly twice as many as central cells, 5 central and 10 peripheral is common, probasidial cells in one layer; cysts uniseriate, same number as peripheral cells, coherent and appressed to base of spore from margin to pedicel, pedicel multihyphal, to 170 m long, semipersistent. Both Lindquist & Costa Neto (1963) and Baxter (1968) concluded that the host plant of the type of Ravenelia sydowiana is a species of Lonchocarpus because the fungus is similar to several other rusts on Lonchocarpus differing mainly by the paraphyses. Later collections of this rust from several phanerogamic specimens, identified positively as Lonchocarpus spp. and our own field collections from Brazil, leaves no doubt that the host of the holotype is Lonchocarpus. The paraphyses, first reported by Baxter (1968), give the impression of a Hyphomycete but in section it is obvious that they are part of the rust sorus. As is true for several other species of Ravenelia and the closely related Cystomyces costaricensis on Lonchocarpus, germ slits can be discerned in the mature probasidial cells even though they are nearly opaque. See Ravenelia bakeriana for a key to species of Ravenelia on Lonchocarpus and Derris. Ravenelia tauensis Vigas, see RAVENELIA ATROCRUSTACEA P. Hennings. RAVENELIA TESSELLATA Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. (Japan) 28: 12. 1990. TYPE on ? Parkia sp. from Brazil, Par: 15 mi. E of Belm on Pirelli rubber plantation, 11 July 1979, J. F. & M. M. Hennen 79-161. (?,?,IIpe/III). Ravenelia tessalata has been reported only from the type collection. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia in groups on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, brown; paraphyses 35-55 x 6-9 m, abundant, incurved, golden, dorsally thick-walled, basally united; urediniospores (20-)24-27(-30) x (13-)16-20(-22) m, very variable in shape but mostly obovoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick at sides golden to cinnamon-brown, usually with an apical, colorless crest or

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umbo 2-7 m thick, finely, often obscurely echinulate, especially basally, pores 2-3, typically equatorial but variable in placement in the odd-shaped spores. Telia as the uredinia, blackish brown, teliospores (40-)5580(-86) m diam, (3)4 or 5 probasidial cells across, cells in one layer, central cells 23-25 x (18-)20-22 m, wall chestnut-brown, closely irregularly tesselate, warts low, mostly 2-4.5 m across of various shapes, cysts uniseriate, of same number as peripheral cells, pendent, globoid, pedicel of few colorless hyphae, deciduous. Ravenelia tessalata is most easily identified by its teliospore wall sculptured that is irregularly chequered with angular, low warts mostly 2-4.5 m across of various shapes (tesselate) and urediniospores with irregular distal, colorless crests or umbos 2-7 m thick. RAVENELIA [Spumula]THEISSENIANA H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 258. 1916. TYPE on undetermined Leguminosae, probably Piptadenia sp., from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: So Leopoldo, July 1914, J. Rick, com. F. Theissen. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae: ? Piptadenia sp., Santa Catarina (Sydow & Sydow, 1916: 258), So Paulo (IBI-17875). Ravenelia [Spumula] theisseniana has been reported only from Brazil. The hosts probably belong to the Mimosoideae, Piptadenia sp. The teliospore pedicels are unihyphal, not bihyphal as reported originally by the Sydows (1916). This trait suggests that the species should be placed in the genus Spumula. The grappling hook-like processes on the teliospores are similar to those of Ravenelia stevensii from Mexico and Puerto Rico. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal, becoming semi-erumpent, yellowish, with abundant, cylindrical, incurved, basally 1-septate, subcolorless or yellowish, to 75 m long paraphyses, the wall varying 3-5 m thick except almost solid at apex, urediniospores 20-28 x 15-22 m, ovoid or pyriform, wall 1.5 m thick, yellowish brown, echinulate, pores 4, equatorial, rather obscure. Telia as the uredinia except blackish, teliospores 55-65 m diam, chestnut-brown, usually with 5 central and 10 peripheral probasidial cells , cells in one layer, central cells 11-15 m across, peripheral cells with 1-3 yellowish or yellowish brown processes 8-12 m long and capitately 3 m thick and often recurved or furcate at apex, cysts uniseriate of same number as marginal cells, pendent, globoid, pedicel subpersistent, colorless, unihyphal. RAVENELIA TORTUOSA Hennen & Cummins, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. (Japan) 28: 13. 1990. TYPE on unidentified spineless Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, BRAZIL, Bahia: 55 km. N of Vitoria da Conquista, hwy. 116, 10 Mar 1984, J. F. & M. M. Hennen 84-234. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Ravenelia tortuosa has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia on the abaxial side of leaves, 30-40 x 70-80 m, intraepidermal, aecia associated with spermogonia, on the abaxial side of leaves, intraepidermal, surrounded by elongate, few-septate, peridiumlike paraphyses, 40-50 x 2-3 m, aeciospores borne catenulately but do not remain in chains, 22-28(-34) x (14-)20-22 m, irregularly narrowly to broadly ellipsoid, often truncate or obliquely truncate below, broadly rounded above, pores 4-6, equatorial or scattered around the lateral walls; wall 1-1.5 m thick, up to 2-2.5 m at apex, echinulate. Uredinia on both sides of leaves intraepidermal, causing a palisade-like hypertrophy of the lower epidermis, brown, erumpent, without paraphyses, urediniospores variable in size and shape, (18)22-30(-35) x (13-)15-18(-20) m, ellipsoid or obovoid, sometimes ovoid with a broadly rounded base, wall 1.5-2 m at sides, about cinnamon-brown 2.5-3.5(-4) m at apex and usually near chestnut-brown, pores (4)5 or 6, equatorial. Teliospores in uredinia 60-88 m diam, 3-5 probasidial cells across, central cells 28-33 x (18-)19-24(-26) m, cells in one layer, chestnut-brown with a very thin, pale outer layer, each cell bearing 510 apically rounded cones or tubercles about 3 m long, cysts pendent, uni- or biseriate, pedicel colorless, multihyphal, semipersistent. The host of Ravenelia tortuosa is without spines, has bipinnate leaves with numerous small leaflets and two pronounced flattened glands, one petiolar about midway between the base of the petiole and the first pair of pinnae, and another on the distal part of the rachis. These characters suggest the Albizia group or perhaps Leucaena of the Mimosoideae. No other Neotropical species of Ravenelia have intraepidermal sori. The urediniospores are probably produced by percurrent proliferation, the sporogenous cells producing each new spore through the pedicel of the previous spore. The aecia, which are produced on witches brooms, have rudimentary peridia and catenulately produced spores. Only eight of the 113 Neotropical species of Ravenelia are known to have anamorph sori with catenulately produced spores.

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RAVENELIA ULEANA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 96. 1895. TYPE on Chamaecrista clausseni (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby (first identified as Cassia sp.), from Brazil, Gois: Maranhogebiet, Sept 1892, Ule-1914. (?/?,II/III). = Ravenelia urbaniana P. Hennings, Hedwigia 36: 215. 1897. TYPE on Chamaecrista clausseni (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby (first identified as Cassia sp.) from Brazil, Gois: Glaziou22750. = Ravenelia chapadensis Resende & Dianese, Fitopatol. bras. 26: 629. 2001. TYPE on Chamaecrista decumbentes (Bentham) H. S. Irwin & Barneby from Brazil, Goas: near Chapada dos Veadeiros Nacional Park, 17 Oct 1994, Sanchez-259. On Leguminosae: Chamaecrista clausseni (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby, Gois (Anderson 936030 ). Chamaecrista conferta (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby var. virgata Irwin & Barneby, Federal District, Gois (Resende & Dianese, 2001). Chamaecrista decumbentes (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby, Gois (Resende & Dianese, 2001). Chamaecrista orbiculata (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby, Federal District (IBI-12441, IBI-12462). Chamaecrista venatoria (Irwin & Barneby) Irwin & Barneby, Gois: (Irwin et al.). Chamaecrista sp., Fed. Dist. (Heringer-1822). Ravenelia uleana has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, often in circinate groups, the ruptured epidermis conspicuous, without paraphyses, urediniospores (18-)21-24(-28) x (17-)18-22 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick, yellowish or golden brown, evenly echinulate, pores numerous, 15-20, scattered, usually obvious. Telia more or less as the uredinia but blackish brown, teliospores (55-)72-95(-106) m diam, 4 to 7 probasidial cells across, cells in one layer, chestnut-brown, the pigmented. distal wall inconspicuously verrucose or rugose, overlaid with a nearly colorless, smooth, very thin but discrete outer wall, central cells irregular in size and shape, (19-)22-29(-30) m across, probasidial cells with a narrow layer of proximal intercalary cells, cysts biseriate, free, oval, pendent, often with a short stalk, pedicel multihyphal, mostly wide, long and persistent. The pendent biseriate cysts of Ravenelia uleana teliospores are reminiscent of those of R. cassiaecola. We determined that the type of Ravenelia uleana (Ule-1914) in the Berlin herbarium is Chamaecrista sp. as reported above. Resende and Dianese (2001) did not report that they compared their material to R. uleana, probably because its host was reported originally as Cassia sp. and they did not know that it was a Chamaecrista. The conclusion that their rust was a new species was based on comparisons with other rust species on Chamaecrista and Cassia, but not R. uleana. There are some measurment differences between the published description of Ravenelia chapadensis and R. uleana but they are overlapping with our mesurements (Resende and Dianese, 2001). We do not believe they are sufficient to propose the new species and we consider R. chapadensis a taxonomic synonym of R. uleana. Important observation reported by Resende and Dianese (2001), that we did not include in our description, were the presence of intercalary cells in the teliospores and supposed paraphyses in the uredinia. We have observed intercalary cells in at least sixteen species of Ravenelia. They probably occur in many more but were not easily observed. Intercalary cells probably do indicate a close relationship with Kernkampella in which the teliospores have a well developed "patella layer" composed of intercalary cells. Resende and Dianese (2001) reported long, usually hyaline, thin-walled, pedicel-like structures in the uredinia as paraphyses. We have observed that they arise sympodially from the urediniosporogenous cells. Each sporogenous cell produces pedicellate spores that are deciduous, leaving an old, long pedicel still attached to the sporogenous cell. After a number of spores have been produced, the sporogenous cell remains in the sorus with the old pedicels still attached. These may appear to be paraphyses. It is not clear if the sporogenous cells also produce structures similar to these old pedicels but without spores. If so, these could be called pediceloid paraphyses. We have chosen not to record these in our descriptions as paraphyses because they seem to be present in all anamorph sori that produce pedicellatre spores. See Ravenelia dentifera for a key to the species of Ravenelia on Cassia. Chamaecrista, and Senna. Ravenelia urbaniana P. Hennings, see RAVENELIA ULEANA P. Hennings.

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Ravenelia vilis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see UREDO VILIS (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) J. W. Baxter (RAVENELIA CEBIL Spegazzini). Ravenelia victoria-rossetii Dianese, Santos, Medeiros & Sanchez, see RAVENELIA MIMOSAESENSITIVAE P. Hennings. Ravenelia whetzeli Aarthur, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. Rostrupia Rostrupia praelonga Spegazzini, see CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic. Rostrupia scleriae Pazschke, see PUCCINIA SCLERIAE (Pazschke) Arthur. SCHROETERIASTER Schroeteriaster argentinensis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PHAKOPSORA ARGENTINENSIS (Spegazzini) Arthur. Schroeteriaster fenestrala Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA FENESTRALA Arthur. Schroeteriaster ulei H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see PHAKOPSORA ULEIl (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen. SCOPELLA Mains, Ann. Mycol. 37: 58. 1939. Ono (1984) placed all species of Scopella in Maravalia. Scopella amazonensis Albuquerque, see MARAVALIA AMAZONENSIS (Albuquerque) Ono. Scopella bauhiniicola Cummins, see MARAVALIA BAUHINIICOLA (Cummins) Y. Ono. Scopella confluens (P. Hennings) Cummins, see UREDO CONFLUENS P. Hennings. Scopella jarini Albuquerque, see MARAVALIA SWARTZIAE Ono. Scopella lucumae (Dietel) Cummins, see MARAVALIA LUCUMAE (Dietel) Y. Ono. Scopella palaquii Cummins, see MARAVALIA PALAQUII (Cummins) Y. Ono. SKIERKA Raciborski, Paras. Algen Pilze Javas. 2: 30. 1900. TYPE SPECIES Skierka canarii Raciborski on Canarium commune Linnaeus (Burseraceae) from Java. Skierka is characterized by its unique anamorph spores whose walls have a longitudinal, circumpolar, thin wing-like extension whose margin is irregularly echinulate or crenulate. The teliospores are also easy to recognize because they are one-celled, often with a narrow apical horn-like or spear-like extension, and are produced in irregular succession, strongly adherent, and extruded from the sorus in long whitish, hair-like columns. About a fifteen species have been reported circumglobally in tropical areas. The only monographic treatment of the genus is that of Mains (1939b) who included ten species. Family, uncertain (Cummins & Hiratsuka, 1983). SKIERKA CRISTATA Mains [as (Speg.) Mains comb. nov.]. Mycologia 31: 182. 1939. TYPE, a lectotype needs to be chosen from the two specimens with telia listed by Mains: Johnston-779 on Cupania macrophylla A. Rich. from Cuba: San Antonio de las Baos, 11 June 1916; or C. F. Baker88, on Cupania sp. from Cuba, Santiago de las Vega, 6 June 1905. (0/I,II/III).

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= Cionothrix cupaniae Arthur, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 115. 1918. TYPE on Cupania glabra Swartz from Cuba: Oriente: Paso Estancia, 3 May 1916, Johnston-694. Anamorph Uredo cristata Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Ci. Argentina 17: 119. 1884. TYPE on undetermined Sapindaceae, probably Cupania sp. from Paraguay, Villa Rica, Jan 1882, Balansa-3474. This anamorph name applies to both aecia and uredinia. ' Uromyces cupaniae Arthur & Johnston, nom. nov., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 134. 1918. Not Uromyces cristatus Schroeter & Niessl, 1877, on Caryophyllaceae. ' Ctenoderma cristatum (Spegazzini) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 17: 103. 1920. On Sapindaceae. Cupania sp., So Paulo (76-706). This is the first record of this species from Brazil. SKIERKA DIVINOPOLENSIS J. C. Dianese, Medeiros & Santos in J. C. Dianese et al., Fitopatol. Bras. 18: 446. 1993. TYPE on Mataybae guianensis from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Municpio Araguar, 25 Feb 1993, M. Sanchez s.n. On Sapindaceae Cupania rugossa Radk., Minas Gerais (J. C. Dianese, 1993: 449). Mataybae guianensis Minas Gerais (J. C. Dianese, 1993: 449).

SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM Magnus, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 9: 121. 1891. TYPE SPECIES: Sphaerophragmium acaciae (Cooke) Magnus. Sphaerophragmium is a genus of sixteen species, 13 on Leguminosae and three on Annocaceae, all native of Asia and Africa, except the questionable S. silveirae listed below. Family Sphaerophragmiaceae. See the monograph by Lohsomboon et al. (1994). The genus is characterized by multicellular teliospores that are pedicellate and both vertically and horizontally septate (muriform). The teliospore walls are sculptured with simple or often furcate spines or projections. SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM ACACIAE (Cooke) Magnus, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 9: 121. 1891. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Triphragmium acaciae Cooke, Grevillea 8: 94. 1880. TYPE on Albizia lebbek (Linnaeus) Bentham from India, Bombay: Belgaum, 1879, Hobson-K17. = Sphaerophragmium luzonicum Yates, Philippine J. Sci. Bot. 13: 374. 1918. TYPE on Albizia procera (Roxb.) Bentham from The Philippines, Luzon: Rizal, date not reported, Yates s.n. On Leguminosae. Albizzia lebbeck Bentham, Rio de Janeiro (Silveira, 1974: 119), Minas Gerais (IBI-14122, 15657). This is an introduced rust species that has become widespread on its introduced host that is used in reforestation and as an ornamental. Sphaerophragmium debile P. Sydow & H. Sydow, see SPUMULA DEBILE (P. Sydow & H. Sydow) Lohsomboon et. al. Sphaerophragmium luzonicum Yates, see SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM ACACIAE (Cooke) Magnus. SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM SILVEIRAE Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 93: 111. 1922. TYPE on Acacia pedicellata Bentham, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sept 1921, F. Silveiras.n.. (?/?,?/III). Sphaerophragmium silveirae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil.

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Sphaerophragmium sorghi Batista & Bezerra, Nova Hedw. 2: 347. 1960. Not a rust.

SPHENOSPORA Dietel,
Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 63. 1892. TYPE SPECIES Sphenospora pallida (Winter) Dietel, see below. Family Raveneliaceae. Sphenospora is characterized by telia that are waxy-oily cushions when moist, hard when dry, teliospores are pedicellate with two probasidial cells separated by a vertical septum. The probasidial cells are thin-walled, without sculpturing, colorless or very pale, and germinate without dormancy to produce well differentiated metabasidia. The metabasidia are straight, not curved as most other metabasidia. Several teliospores arise from a well differentiated teliosporogenous cell. Free hand sections or mounts of teliospores have abundant oily droplets. Uredinia are pulverulent and yellowish to brownish, often cinnamon-brown. Spermogonia and aecia are unknown for the genus. About ten species are known, most of them in the tropics of the Americas. The basic structure of the teliospores of Sphenospora is the same as that of Diorchidium but up to now only two-celled teliospores are known. Sphenospora differs from Diorchidium because its telia contain a gelatinous-oily matrix that upon drying is hard or leathery. Hennen et al. (1998) discuss the relation of Sphenospora to Diorchidium.. A comparison of the urediniospores of three species Sphenospora on Orchidaceae: 1. Urediniospores a little smaller: (20-)22-26(-29) x (17-)19-22(-23) m, pores 3(-4), equatorial Sphenospora mera. 2. Urediniospores a little larger: (22-)24-33 x 18-26 m, pores 1, 2, or 4, equatorial Sphenospora kevorkianii. 3. Urediniospores larger: (26-)30-40(-45) x (18-)20-23(-25) m, pores 3, equatorial, obscure. Sphenospora saphena. Sphenospora copaiferae P. Sydow & H. Sydow, see DIORCHIDIUM COPAIFERAE (P. Sydow & H. Sydow. ) Cummins & Y. Hiratsuka. SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder, Mycologia 36: 464. 1944. TYPE on Epidendrum difforme Jacquin from Nicaragua, Capo: Bilwas Karma, 6 Apr 1943, Kevorkian s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo nigropunctata P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 254. 1896. TYPE on Cyrtopodium sp.( published as Stanhopea sp.) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, July (?Aug) 1887, Ule-652. (This name has priority because it was published just above Uredo epidendri on the same page). = Uredo epidendri P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 254. 1896. TYPE on Epidendrum sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Tubero, Feb 1889, Ule-1267. = Uredo cyrtopodii H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 1: 77. 1901. TYPE on Cyrtopodium sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Maua, 18 Aug 1896, Ule-( ?2447) or -2457. = Uredo wittmackiana P. Hennings & Klitzing in P. Hennings, Gartenflora 53: 397. 1904. TYPE from Mexico, other data not available. = Uredo guacae Mayor, Mem. Soc. neuchteloise Sci. nat. 5: 583. 1913. TYPE on Epidendrum sp. from Colombia, Antioquia: near Guaca 12 Sept 1910, Mayor108. See also Uredo carnosa Spegazzini which probably belongs here. On Orchidaceae. Catasetum sp., So Paulo (IBI-16795). Cyrtopodium punctatum (Linaeus) Lindley, Mau (Sydow, 1924: 503). Cyrtopodium sp.,(published as Stanhopea sp.), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 254). Epidendrum sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 254). Natylia lyrata, Brasil (PUR-F16894). Prescottia sclerophylla, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F19210), So Paulo (IBI-12052).

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Sauroglossum nitidum (Velloso) Schlechter, So Paulo (IBI-17379). Spiranthes sp., So Paulo (IBI-13881). Stanhopea graveolens Lindley, So Paulo (PUR-F52698). Stenorrhynchus sp., Serra dos Orgos (Dietel, 1899: 256). Zygostates lunata Lindley, Brasil (PUR-F16442). Sphenospora kevorkiani, or as one of its anamorph synonyms, a native rust widespread in the tropics of the Americas, has been reported to infected at least twelve genera of Orchidaceae including Bletia and Oncidium, not listed above But the identifications of the hosts in most cases require confirmation. Most of the specimens in PUR and IBI have come from plant quarantine interceptions or submitted by orchid growers for identification Infections by Sphenospora kevorkianii on different host genera result in different symptoms. Infected leaves have powdery, yellow rust sori that are associate with small reddish or blackish discolored leafspots. This latter trait was the source of the epithet for the anamorph name Uredo nigropunctata. Variability in symptoms may have influenced the naming of the different synonyms listed above.. Telial sori have a waxy, yellow-brown to blackish appearance. Management includes the removal and destruction of the infected leaves. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, blister-like at first, erumpent, yellowish brown; urediniospores (22-)24-33 x 18-26 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-3 m thick, yellowish, echinulate, pores 1, 2 or 4, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, erumpent, scattered or often circinately arranged, pulvinate, blackish- brown or black, waxy, hard when dry, teliospores 23-28 x 13-16 m, ellipsoid or oval, wall uniformly 1 m thick, colorless, smooth, germ pore 1 in each cell, apical, if differentiated, pedicel colorless, 40-65 m long 6-8 m wide, persistent. SPHENOSPORA MERA Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 214. 1945. TYPE on Cycnoches chlorochilum Rolfe, from Venezuela, unknown locality, intercepted in Plant Quarantine at San Juan, Puerto Rico, 16 Nov 1943 by L. J. Mc Connell 8719, PUR (isotypes PAC, US). (?/?,IIpe/III). On Orchidaceae Eulophidium maculatum (Lindley) Pfitzer; Brazil, (BPI US 042051). Sphenospora mera has been reported also on seven other genera of Orchidaceae and from Peru, Central America, Mexico, and The West Indies, all intercepted in Plant Quarantine. Host identification requires confirmation. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, subepidermal becoming erumpent, pale cinnamon-brown, urediniospores (20-)22-26(-29) x (17-)19-22(-23) m obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, yellowish to nearly cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 3(4), equatorial, with slight cuticular caps. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, pulvinate, scattered or circinately disposed, dark brown, waxy when fresh, hard when dry, paraphyses or some kind of sterile elements present, cylindrical, colorless, teliospores (20-)23-28(-30) x 11-14(-15) m, more or less oblong-ellipsoid, wall uniformly 0.5 m thick, colorless, smooth, pedicel 30-45 m long, nearly as wide as the spore at the hilum, persistent. SPHENOSPORA PALLIDA (Winter) Dietel in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. 1(1): 70. 1897. (?/?,IIpe/III). ' Diorchidium pallidum Winter, Grevillea 15: 86. 1887. TYPE on Dioscorea sp., originally reported as an unidentified vine, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, August 1884, Ule-143. ' Puccinia sphenospora P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Mon. Ured. 1: 838. 1907. Nom. nov. for Diorchidium pallidum Winter, not Puccinia pallida Tracy. Anamorph Uredo dioscoreae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 255. 1896. TYPE on Dioscorea grandiflora from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, August 1887, Ule-1342. [not Uredo dioscoreae (Berkeley & Broome) Petch, 1912, on Dioscorea sp. from Sri Lanka, an anamorph of Goplana dioscoreae Cummins]. = Uromyces taubertii P. Hennings, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 14. 1892. TYPE on Dioscorea piperifolia Willdenow from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, date not reported, Glaziou-4266. Only urediniospores. = ?Uredo aristolochiae Albuquerque, Pesq. Agropec. Bras. Ser. Agron. 6: 147. 1971 (Not U. aristolochiae DeCandolle from Europe).?may be OK as sp. nov.

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On Dioscoreaceae. (Some hosts from So Paulo collections are Cissampelos in Menispermaceae). Dioscorea grandiflora Martius, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 157; IBI-1725). Dioscorea lagoa-santa Uline, So Paulo (Joerstad, 1956: 485). Dioscorea monadelpha (Kunth) Pax, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 485). Dioscorea piperifolia Humbolt & Bonpland &Kunth, Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1956: 485). Dioscorea trifida L., Rio Acre (Sydow, 1916: 67). Dioscorea sp., Amap (IBI-16008), Bahia (IBI-13580), Minas Gerais (IBI-15893), Par, (PURF18962), Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 485), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 157), Santa Catarina (Sydow, Mon. Ured. 1: 1907), So Paulo (IBI-12080). Sphenospora pallida has been reported also from Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Belize. Reports have been often only as the anamorph, Uredo dioscoreae. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, supepidermal in origin becoming erumpent, dull yellow when dry, probably bright yellow when fresh, urediniospores (20-)2226(-29) x 19-22 m, broadly obovoid, broadly ellipsoid, or globoid, wall (1.5-)2-2.5(-3) m thick, pale yellowish or almost colorless, echinulate, pores equatorial, 3(-4?), obscure. Telia much as the uredinia except compact and waxy, teliospores (24-)25-29 x 12-14(-16) m, mostly narrowly ovoid with septum parallel to the optical axis, wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, colorless, smooth, pedicel broad at apex, narrowing below, thin-walled, colorless, collapsing. SPHENOSPORA SAPHENA Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 87: 40. 1960. TYPE on Oncidium tetrapetalum (Jacquin) Willdenow from The United States of America, Florida: Pass-A-Grille, June 1959, J. H. Bollick Accession No. 0-6628, State Plant Board of Florida, infected plants were supposedly imported from Jamaica in January or February, 1959. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Orchidaceae Notylia lyrata S. Moore, Brazil (BPI-US 042200-0 1). Oncidium sp., Brazil (BPI-US 042122). The Brazilian records were specimens intercepted by the US plant quarantine service from specimens sent to the United States of America from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin becoming pustulate, brownish, in dense groups, urediniospores (26-)30-40(-45) x (18-)20-23(-25) m, broadly ellipsoid or mostly ellipsoid, wall 2-3(-3.5) m thick, yellowish or golden brown, echinulate, pores 3 or 4, equatorial, obscure. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal becoming erumpent, pulvinate, without paraphyses, brown, waxy when moist, hard when dry, teliospores 25-45 x 10-14 m, mostly oblongellipsoid, wall 0.5 m thick, colorless, pedicel 25-45 m long, colorless. SPHENOSPORA SMILACINA H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 23: 318. 1925. TYPE on Smilax sp. from Guatemala, San Felipe, 14 Jan 1917, Holway-718. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo yurimaguasensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 164. 1904. TYPE on Smilax sp. from Peru, Yurimaguas, August 1902, Ule-3251. ' Sphenospora yurimaguasensis (P. Hennings) H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 18: 153. 1926. Teleomorph not describerd. On Smilacaceae (Liliaceae in first edition). Smilax domingensisWilldenow, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 153; PUR-F2202). Smilax japecanga Grisebach, Par (IAN-694). Smilax papyracea Poir, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304). Smilax santarenensis, Amap (Soto-910216). Smilaxsyphilitica, Par (Soto-920218). Smilax sp., Par (Soto et al.-S95-344), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 91; IAC-3849; Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 153), So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 153, IBI-12166). Sphenospora smilacina has been reported also from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly hypophynous, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pulverulent, near cinnamon-brown, often arranged in circles, urediniospores 25-30(-33) x (19-)21-24(-26) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall (1.5-)2-2.5(-3) m thick, cinnamon-brown or yellowish brown, echinulate, pores 2, equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, early erumpent, scattered or grouped, often

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circinately, pulvinate, honey color or reddish, waxy, teliospores (22-)24-3 0 x (11-)12-15 m, oblongfusiform or oblong-ellipsoid, wall uniformly 1 m thick, colorless, smooth, germ pore, if differentiated one, apical in each cell, pedicel colorless, usually collapsing laterally, 30-50 m long, persistent. Sphenospora yurimaguasensis H. S. Jackson & Holway, see Uredo (SPHENOSPORA SMILACINA H. Sydow).

yurimaguasensis P. Hennings

Spirochina Spirochina loeseneriana Arthur, see KUEHNEOLA LOESENERIANA (Arthur) H. S. Jackson & Holway.

SPUMULA Mains,
Mycologia 27: 638. 1935. TYPE SPECIES Spumula quadrifida Mains on Calliandra bijuga Rose, Leguminosae, from Mexico, Jalisco: trail from San Sebastian to Real Alto, Ynes Mexia-1638. Spumula is characterized by teliospores with three to several, laterally united, smooth or sculptured probasidial cells, subtended by colorless more or less hygroscopic cysts, each probasidial cell has one germ pore and germinates with a well differentiated metabasidium, each spore is borne on a unihyphal pedicel. Family Raveneliaceae. Spumula differs from Ravenelia mainly by having teliospore pedicels composed of only one hyphal strand instead of two or several. It, like Ravenelia, occurs only on Leguminosae. SPUMULA DEBILE (P. Sydow & H. Sydow) Lohsomboon et al. Mycol. Res. 98: 918. 1994. (?/?,II/III). ' Sphaerophragmium debile P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 3: 186. 1914. TYPE on Calliandra tweediei Bentham, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, 19 Sept 1892, Lindman. Spumula debile has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil.

Spumula (RAVENELIA) RATA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 337. 1931. TYPE on Acacia pedicellata Bentham, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 13 Aug 1921, Holway-1032. (0/-/-/III). Spumula (RAVENELIA) THEISSENIANA H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 258. 1916. TYPE on undetermined Leguminosae, probably Piptadenia sp., from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: So Leopoldo, July 1914, J. Rick, com. F. Theissen. (?/?,IIpe/III). Teleutospora Arthur & Bisby in Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 38. 1921. See Laundon (1965A) for the designation of the type species. Arthur (1922) proposed that Teleutospora should be used for microcyclic species of Uromyces. In ontogenic terminology the species are short cycled, i. e. only telia are produced, spermogonia may or may not be produced. Teliospores are one-celled and pedicellate. Later, Arthur abandoned the use of Teleutospora and it is not used any more. Most of the species are now placed in Uromyces. Thirumalachariella Thirumalachariella holwayi (H. S. Jackson) Kamat & Sathe, see PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic. Trachyspora Trachyspora vestita (Dietel) Lindquist, Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 7: 18. 1957. ' Uromyces vestitus Dietel, Annal. Mycol. 6: 94. 1908. Not a rust. Lindquist (1958) reported that Trachyspora vestita is Chlamydomyces palmarum (Cooke) Mason (Moniliales).

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TRANZSCHELIA Arthur, Rs. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 340. 1906. TYPE SPECIES Puccinia cohaesa Long [ Tranzschelia cohaesa (Long) Arthur on Anemone sp., Ranunculaceae, from The United States of America, Texas]. Lopez-Franco and Hennen (1990) characterized Tranzschelia as having conical, subcuticular spermogonia with periphyses, receptive hyphae, and a flat hymenium, aecia when produced belong to the anamorph genus Aecidium, uredinia have oblong to capitate paraphyses, urediniospores are borne singly on pedicels, easily deciduous, with echinulate walls that are smooth at the apex, and germ pores around the equatorial region or slightly sub- or supra-equatorial, teliospores usually two-celled by a horizontal septum, borne singly on pedicels which in several species tend to adhere to others for more than 2/3 their length, then tending to be in fascicles, or in other species teliospores remain independent, wall pigmented, echinulate or verrucose, one germ pore in each cell in various positions depending on the species. About 15 species are known world wide, all occur only in the Northern Hemisphere except for two species on cultivated species of Prunus. About eight species occur in North America, only the two on cultivated Prunus are in South America. Heteroecious species produce spermogonia and aecia on Ranunculaceae, uredinia and telia on Prunus spp. in the Rosaceae. All autoecious species parasitize genera in the Ranunculaceae. A few of these are microcyclic. Family Uropyxidaceae. TRANZSCHELIA DISCOLOR (Fuckel) Tranzschel & Litvinov, Bot. Zh. SSSR 24: 248. 1939.  (0/ I II/III). Puccinia discolor Fuckel, Fungi Rheneni 2121, 1867. TYPE on Prunus insititia from Europe. Tranzschelia punctata Arthur, Res. Sci. Congr. Vienne, p. 350. 1906. Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Persoon) Dietel f. discolor (Fuckel) Fischer, Beitr. Kryptogamenfl. Schweiz 2: 157-159. 1904. Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Persoon) Dietel var. discolor (Fuckel) Dunegan, Phytopathology 28: 424. 1938. Anamorph Uredo persicae Spegazzini, Revista Mus. La Plata 15: 9. 1908. TYPE on Prunus persicae, from Brazil, So Paulo: autum around So Paulo, A. Usteri s.n. (We have not determined all of the older anamorph names available in European literature that may have priority as the correct names for the uredinial and aecial anamorphs). On Rosaceae. Prunus americana L., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 124.). Prunus cerasus L., So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 57; IAC-171). Prunus domestica L, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304; Vigas, 1945: 57; IAC-3952), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 163), Santa Catarina (IBI-5419), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 57; IAC-164). Prunus persica L., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 304; Vigas, 1945: 57; IAC-3961,), Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 164), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 57; IAC-47). Tranzschelia discolor, the rust of peaches, plums, apricots and cherries (Prunus spp.), is native to southwest Eurasia and has spread throughout the world where Prunus spp. are cultivated. It has been reported often in older literature as Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae or Tranzschelia punctata. Spermogonia and aecia not reported for South America. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, numerous, scattered, small, powdery, dark brown; often on the adaxial side of leaves above the sori, appear angular, yellow leaf spots, these may become necrotic; sori with numerous, often capitate paraphyses, urediniospore walls thickened apically. Teliospores not common in Brazil. The upper cells of the teliospores are coarsely verrucose, the verrucae of the lower cells tend to be elongate to striate, the germ pore in both cells tend to be at the septum (Lopez-Franco and Hennen, 1990). To prevent very early infections plant pathologists recommend prunning of older branches and application of fungicides during the dormant period of the fruit trees. In the Mediterranean region and other areas of Eurasia spermogonia and aecia occur on Anemone spp., Ranunculaceae. Spermogonia and aecia have been reported only rarely in North America. In most parts of the world the rust survives by its urediniospores, and at times by overseasoning uredinial infections in young stems. As is common in rusts that attack many widely spread cultivated plants, physiologic specialization has been reported for Tranzschelia discolor. See Lopez-Franco and Hennen (1990) for more information about species of Tranzschelia in the Americas.

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Triactella H. S. Jackson Triactella holwayi H. S. Jackson, see ESALQUE HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Hennen et al. Trichobasis Lveill, in Orbigny, Dict. Nat. Hist. 12: 785. 1848. A TYPE or LECTOTYPE SPECIES has never been chosen. The name is not in use. It is considerded as a synonym of the morphological anamorph genus Uredo. Trichobasis crotonis Cooke, see PHAKOPSORA CROTONIS (Burrill) Arthur. Trichobasis howei Peck, see Uredo asclepiadis Schweinitz (UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke). Trichobasis hyperici W. Gerard, see Uredo hyperici Sprengle (UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke). Trichobasis lynchii Berkeley, see UREDO LYNCHII (Berkeley) Plowright. Triphragmium Triphragmium acaciae Cooke, see SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM ACACIAE (Cooke) Magnus. Triphragmium binatum Berkeley & Curtis, see DICHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur. Tunicopsora bagchii Singh & Pandey, see KWEILINGIA. Uleiella Schroeter, Hedwigia Beiblatt 33: (65). 1894. TYPE SPECIES: Uleiella paradoxa Schroeter, see below. Although two species of Uleiella have been named, we consider Uliella chilensis from Chile as a synonym of Uleiella paradoxa from Brazil. See the note below about this species. Uleiella paradoxa Schroeter, Hedwigia Beiblatt 33: (65). 1894. TYPE on Araucaria imbricata from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, May 1891, E. Ule-1057. On Pinaceae. Araucaria brasiliensis angustifolia Kuntze, Santa Catarina [Schroeter, 1894: (65)]. Uleiella paradoxa infects cones of Araucaria and produces large, black, ovoid, ellipsoid, or globoid, non-prdicellate, multicellular phragmospores. Because the unusual morphology of the spores and they have never been reported to germinate some authors state that this fungus is probably not a rust. Oehrens (1963) reported Uleiella chilensis Dietel & Neger from Chile which we consider as a synonym of Uleiella paradoxa. See Barth (1964), and Thirumalachar (1949). UNCOL Buritic & P. A. Rodriguez, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 24: 112. 2000. Type species Uncol diazii Buritic & P. A. Rodriguez on unidentified Cyatheaceae from Colombia.. Uncol is characterized by its suprastomatal telial sori that are morphologically similar to those of Calidion, except teliospores are catenulate, and develop as sessile, blastic single cells. Buritic & P. A. Rodriquez emphasize that other genera of rusts in which the telial sori are suprastomatal have pedicellate teliospores. UNCOL DIAZII Buritic & P. A. Rodriguez, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 24: 112. 2000. TYPE on unidentified Cyatheacea from Colombia, Caquet: 19 km from Florencia on the way to Altamera, 16 Jan 1976, K. P. Dumont, P. Buritic et al.-76-171 (?/?,II?/III). Anamorph Calidion dumontiae Buritic, or Calidion lindsaeae (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 16: 243. 1918. TYPE

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same as for Uredo lindsaeae P. Hennings.

' Uredo lindsaeae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 165. 1904. TYPE on Lindsaea ulei

Hieronymus (Pteridophyta) from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-Mirim, Aug 1901, Ule-2998.

On Pteridophyta Lindsaea lancea (Linnaeus) Bedd., Mato Grosso (PUR-F18273). Lindsaea ulei Hieronymus, Amazonas (Hennings, 1904: 165; Sydow, 1918: 243). Polypodium brasiliensis Poiret, Rio de Janeiro (Silveira, 1974: 119). The anamorph genus Calidion was established for a rust species that produces sori with well developed peripheral paraphyses and has been reported from a few collections on ferns in Amazonia. It is caharacterized by its sori that have three well defined zones, two within a substomatal chamber and one suprastomatal zone. Within the substomatal chamber there is a basal pseudoparenchymatous layer about ten cells deep and a middle layer of a palisade of irregularly cylindrical sporogenous cells. Suprastomatally there is an upper zone composded of a circle of numerous, dorsally thick-walled, peripheral paraphyses that enclose the maturing spores that have emerged from the sporogenous cell layer. The sori appear to be on the leaf surface but they are not truly suprastomatal because the epidermis is partially broken around the sori. Superficially the sori of Calidion resemble sori of Desmella, but the sori of Desmella are truly suprastomatal and they do not have paraphyses. Two species have been published, C. lindsaeae and C. dumontiae. Buritic and Rodriguez (2000) published a connection between Calidion dumontiae Buritic from Colombia and a new teleomorph genus, Uncol Buritic & P. A. Rodriquez. Uncol diazii has been reported from Colombia and from Brazil from the above records. The anamorph genus Calidion, with only C. lindsaeae and the Colombian species C. dumontiae Buritic, is characterized by sori that have strongly laterally thickened, almost colorless, incurved peripheral paraphyses. Buritic and Rodriguez (2000) published a connection between C. dumontiae and Uncol Buritic & P. A. Rodriquez. Uraecium Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 476. 1933. TYPE SPECIES Uraecium holwayi (Arthur) Arthur ( Uredo holwayi Arthur). Arthur established Uraecium to include sori that had traits of Uredo (without a clear definition of Uredo, apparently the only morphological trait necessary being pedicellate spores) and the sori had to be intimately associated with spermogonia. Therefore, these sori probably function as aecia. Arthur coined the name at a time when he tried to use the life cycle stage as the primary characteristic for separating anamorph ("form") genera. The name combines the two words uredo and aecium. The type species, Uredo holwayi Arthur, parasitizes leaves (needles) of the Gymnosperm genus Tsuga in North America. It is characterized by having pedicellate spores and the sorus is surrounded by paraphyses that overlap in such a way as to form a covering around the sorus simulating a peridium. Ainsworth and Bisby (1950) and Thirumalachar and Narasimhan (1951) considered Uraecium as a synonym of Uredo. We propose that Uraecium should be abandoned and that the name is a nomen confusum in terms of the ICBN. Uraecium lucumae (Arthur & Johnston) Arthur, see Uredo lucumae Arthur & Johnston, CHROTELIUM LUCUMAE Cummins. UREDINOPSIS Magnus, Atti congr. internat. Bot. Genova 1892. p. 167. 1893. TYPE SPECIES, Uredinopsis filicina Magnus on Phegopteris vulgaris from Europe. Uredinopsis is a heteroecious genus of about ten species in the Northern Hemisphere; spermogonia and aecia are mostly on the gymnosperm genus Abies; uredinia and telia are on ferns. One species occurs in Brazil, U. pteridis Dietel & Holway on the fern genus Pteridium. This rust, although with a heterecious life cycle, probably persists in Brazil by means of repeated infections by urediniospores because its spermogonial and aecial hosts do not occur in Brazil. The urediniospores are often extruded from the sori on the abaxial side of fern leaves as minute white thread-like tendrils visible to the unaided eye. In water these spores separate readily.

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Uredinopsis macrosperma Magnus, see UREDINOPSIS PTERIDIS Dietel & Holway. UREDINOPSIS PTERIDIS Dietel & Holway in Dietel, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 13: 331. 1895. TYPE on Pteridium sp. from The United States of America, California, place or date not reported, Blasdale s.n. (0/I II/III). Anamorph Uredo macrospermum Cooke,Grevillea 8: 71. 1879. = Uredinopsis microsperma Magnus, Hedwigia 43: 122. 1904. On Pteridophyta (?Polypodiaceae). Pteridium sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 140),. Santa Catarina (Ule-1197b, Blumenau, Oct 1888, HBG), So Paulo (IBI-12492). Uredinopsis pteridis has been reported in scattered places worldwide on Pteridium spp. The urediniospores of Uredinopsis pteridis are narrowly ellipsoid, with colorless walls, and with a line of cog-like warts in a lengthwise spiral around the spore. UREDO Persoon:Persoon, anamorph Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 214, 1801. LECTOTYPE Uredo betae Persoon on Beta vulgaris Linnaeus (Chenopodiaceae) from Europe (chosen by Laundon, 1965 A). The anamorph genus Uredo has been used extensively in the past as a kind of waste basket for almost any kind of sori thought to function as uredinia. Unfortunately, this has resulted in a great mixture of combinations of morphological traits to be placed in this genus. Therefore, when we find a species of Uredo named in the literature, we know little about its morphology based on its name. For modern usage this genus must be restricted to those anamorphs that have only the basic morphological traits of its lectotype species, Uredo betae Persoon. As a rust anamorph name based on morphology alone, it cannot be restricted to uredinia. A more complete classification of rust anamorphs is needed based on morphology alone. This would give a clearer picture of the great morphological diversity of the anamorphs of rust fungi. Arthur (1924) reported that Uredo is a "form genus" that he defined as "Species whose life-cycle is not known, or is not readly assumed from related forms...These genera do not represent the whole cycle of development, and are not based upon type species" Later, he abandoned this usage presumably in favor of using Uredo as a anamorph genus. Uredo achyroclines P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA ACHYROCLINES H. S. Jackson & Holway. Uredo adenocalymmatis P. Hennings, see PHRAGMIDIELLA PAULISTA Buritic & Hennen. Uredo aeschenomenis Arthur, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur. Uredo affinis Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA IRREGULARIS Dietel. UREDO AGNOSTOICA Spegazzini, Revista Mus. La Plata 15: 8. 1908. TYPE on undetermined ? Sapotaceae from Brazil, So Paulo: Ipiranga, date not reported, A. Uster-s.n. On Sapotaceae.. Undetermined species., So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1908: 8). Uredo agnostica has been reported only from the type. Sori on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, deeply immersed in the parenchyma, blister-like, opening by a pore; paraphyses peripheral and within the sori, walls thick, colorless; urediniospore 34-41 x 24-31 m, ovoid or polyhedral, pointed apically, flatened at the base, wall 3-3.5 m thick at sides, 7-10 m thick above, golden yellow, echinulate, spines often most pronounced apically (Lindquist, 1982). Lindquist (1982) was not sure that the spores were urediniospores nor that the host belonged to the Sapotaceae. UREDO ALAGOINHENSIS Urban, Acta Univ. Caroline Biolgica (Praha) 1971 (1973): 79. (Nom. nov.

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for Uredo centratheri Vigas). (?/?,II/?).

' Uredo centratheri Vigas, Bragantia 5: 81. 1945..TYPE on Centratherum violaceum (Schrank)
Gleason from Brazil, Paraiba: Alagoinha, Oct 1939, Deslamdes-251. Not Uredo centratheri H. Sydow in Sydow & Petrak, Ann. Mycol. 26: 428. 1928, from The Philippines.

On Compositae. Centratherum violaceum (Schrank) Gleason, Bahia (IBI-13611), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 81). Uredo alagoinhensis has been reported only from Brazil. Sori mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, tardely dehiscent, then pulverulent; paraphyses 35-45 x 8-12 m, numerous, peripheral, incurved, capitate, wall smooth; spores 16-18 x 12-16 m, ovoidgloboid, wall 3 m thick, densely echinulate, dark yellow, pores indistinct (Vigas, 1945). UREDO ALCHORNEAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 252. 1896. TYPE on Alchornea iricurana Casaretto [Alchornea glandulosa Poeppig sub species iricurana (Cassarato) Secco], Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: near Tubero, July 1889, Ule-1498, -1618. One of these Ule specimens needs to be chosen as the lectotype. Uredo alchorneae has been reported from Brazil only from the two Ule specimens and from Venezuela. Sori on fruits or pedicels slightly deforming the host, 0.5-0.75 mm diameter, scattered or mori or less grouped and confluent, soon erumpent, powdery, cinnamon-brown; spores 16-22 x 15-19 m, subgloboid, ovoid, or ellipsoid, often slightly angular, wall 1-1.5 m thick, yellowish-brown, echinulate or echinulateverrucose, germ pores 2, equatorial (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1924). Paraphyses have not been reported for Uredo alchorneae. The relation to Olivea capituliformis, if any, requires clarification. UREDO ALEMQUERENSIS Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 93: 112. 1922. TYPE on Acacia alemquerensis Huber, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Par: dry forest by Rio Par, July 1919, ? colecter. Uredo alemquerensis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia scattered on abaxial leaf surface, minute, more or less 0.1 mm across, erumpent, pale cinnamon; spores 14-16 m in diameter, globose or polygonal from mutual pressure within the sorus; wall 2-2.5 m thick, reddish-yellow (ochraceous), "smooth"; pores 2 - 3, equatorial. (Spegazzini, 1922). The spore walls are probably not "smooth" as the original descriptions state. Uredo alibertiae P. Hennings, see Malupa notata (Arthur) Buritic [CROSSOPSORA BYRSONIMATIS (P. Hennings) R.S. Peterson. Uredo alstroemeriae Dietal, see UROMYCES ALSTROEMERIAE P. Hennings. UREDO AMAZONENSIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 44: 58. 1905. TYPE on Bauhinia sp. (Leguminosae) from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-Miry, July 1901, Ule-2913. Uredo amazonensis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine a teleomorph and if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia on pale effused spots on abaxial side of leaves, sori 0.2-0.25mm across, rounded, yellow-brown, scattered or in loose groups, urediniospores 22-35 x 18-23 m, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate with long aculeae, yellow-brown, germ pores 3-4 (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1924: 471). See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. UREDO AMAZONICA (H. Sydow) J. W, Baxter, Mycologia 67: 473. 1975. ' Ravenelia amazonica H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 69. 1916. TYPE on Telia not described. On Leguminosae. Pithecellobium glomeratus Bentham, San Marcos, Rio Branco (Sydow, 1916: 69). Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia epiphyllous, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, on small yellowish spots, in close groups up to 1 cm long, round to elliptic, 0.3-0.4 mm diameter; without

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paraphyses. Urediniospores 27-40 18-24 um, ellipsoid to oblong, cell wall 1.5-2 m thick, up to 2.5-5 at the apex, scarcely echinulate, yellowish brown to rusty-brown, , germ pores 4-6, equatorial. Host and distribution: On Feuilleea divaricata (= Zygia divaricata, = Pithecellobium divaricatum, = Zygia cataractae), Paraguay. On Pithecellobium glomeratum (= Inga glomerata, = Zygia glomerata, = Zygia cataractae), Brazil. Uredo amphiospora H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA HYPTIDIS-MUTABILIS Mayor. Uredo andropogonicola Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter. Uredo aneimiae P. Hennings, see DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow. Uredo anilis P. Hennings, see RAVENELIA INDIGOFERAE Tranzschel. UREDO ANTHURII (Hariot) Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 11:229. 1895. Caeoma anthurii Hariot, Jour. Bot. (France) 6: 458. 1892. = Uredo anthurii Hariot, Les Encyclop. Scient. P. 308. 1908. On Araceae. Anthurium andreanum Linden, So Paulo (IBI-12845; Cardoso & Hennen, Fitopatologia Brasileira 3: 111. 1978; IBI-11323). Anthurium sp., Amap (IBI-17087), Par (IBI-13268), Minas Gerais (Ule-1895, HBG). Uredo anthurii has been reported also from Colombia, The Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. The type specimen of Caeoma anthurii, the basionym of Uredo anthurii, came from an infected plant in the greenhouse at the Paris, France Botanical Garden, which, no doubt, had been brought in from the Neotropics. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm across, scattered or in groups, subepidermal in origin, blister-like at first, erumpent, epidermis remaining overarching the sorus with a pore like opening, tan, rarely with a few incurved peripheral paraphyses; urediniospores (30-)35-47(-52) x (28-)30-37 m, borne without obvious pedicels, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1-2 m thick, strongly and evenly echinulate, colorless to pale golden, pores obscure or 4, more or less equatorial. Uredo anthurii may cause unsightly spots on species of Anthurium that are cultivated as ornamentals. Uredo anthyllidis Greville ex Berkeley, see UROMYCES ANTHYLLIDIS Schroeter. Uredo aperta Winter, see PUCCINIA POROPHYLLI P. Hennings. Uredo aphelandrae H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PUCCINIA VARIOIDES Joerstad. Uredo apocynaceae P. Hennings, see CROSSOPSORA ASCLEPIADACEAE Buritic & Hennen. Uredo appendiculata Persoon, see UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger. Uredo arachidis Lagerheim, see PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini. Uredo arenariicola P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA MODICA Holway. Uredo cabreriana Kern & Kellerman, see DICHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur. Uredo aristolochiae Albuquerque, see SPHENOSPORA PALLIDA (Winter) Dietel. Uredo arrabidaeae P. Hennings, see PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic. Uredo asclepiadina Spegazzini, see UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke.

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Uredo asclepiadis Schweinitz, see UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke. UREDO BACCHARIDICOLA Spegazzini, Rev. de Bot. 1(2a-3a): 133. 1925. TYPE on Baccharis serrulata DC. from Brazil, Guarap, Oct 1881, Balansa-3447. Uredo baccharidis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 16: 120. 1883. TYPE on Baccharis sp. from Brazil, Guarapi and Piray, Oct 1881, Balansa-3434 & 32447. Not Uredo baccharidis Leveille, 1816. On Compositae Baccharis serrulata DC., Piray (Lindquist, 1958, Balansa--3434), So Paulo (Lindquist, 1958). Baccharis oxydonta DC., So Paulo (Lindquist, 1958). Uredo baccharidicola has been reported only from Brazil. Sori on the adaxial side of leaves, scattered singly or in circular groups, long covered by the epidermis, erumpent; spores 25-32 x 20-25 m, globoid, ellipsoid or obovoid; wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate with large, well spaced spines, colorless, pores obscure, probably 2, equatorial (Lindquist, 1958). Jackson (1932) placed Uredo baccharidicola as an anamorph of Puccinia praedicta, but Lindquist (1958) reported that it should not be included in that species, but kept as an unconnected anamorph. Uredo bambusarum P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA OBLIQUO-SEPTATA Viennot-Bourgin. UREDO BANISTERIICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 80. 1904. On Malpighiaceae. Banisteria sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 80). Uredo batistae Lindquist, see PHAKOPSORA CHAVESII Dianese et al. Uredo bauhiniae P. Hennings, see UREDO ULEI P. Hennings. Uredo bauhiniicola P. Hennings, see MARAVALIA BAUHINIICOLA (P. Hennings) Y. OnoCummins. Uredo behnickiana P. Hennings, see CLADOMA BEHNICKIANA (P. Hennings) J. F. Hennen. Uredo bete var convolvuli Persoon, see PUCCINIA CONVOLVULI Castagne. Uredo bidenticola P. Hennings, see UROMYCES BIDENTICOLA Arthur. Uredo bidenticida Spegazzini, see UROMYCES BIDENTICOLA Arthur. Uredo bidentis P. Hennings, see UROMYCES BIDENTICOLA Arthur. Uredo bignoniacearum Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM BIGNONIACEARUM (Spegazzini) Cummins. Uredo biocellata Arthur, see PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins. Uredo bixae Arthur, see CROSSOPSORA BIXAE Buritic. Uredo blechnicola P. Hennings, see DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow. Uredo bomariae Lagerheim, see PUCCINIA BOMARIAE P. Hennings. UREDO BOMFIMENSIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 162. 1904. TYPE on Pithecellobium sp.,

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Leguminosae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Bomfim, Oct 1900, Lectotype Ule-2984, chosen by Sydow (Monogr. Ured. 4:483. 1924). Uredo bomfinensis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Sori 0.1-0.2 mm diameter, round, yellow-brown, on indeterminate, indistinct, yellowish spots on abaxial side of leaves, widely scattered to mostly loosely grouped, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis , urediniospores 15-21 x 12-16 m, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid; wall 1.5 m thick, yellow-brown, thinly echinulate; germ pores 4, equatorial (P. & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured. 4: 483. 1924). Uredo bonariensis Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA HYDROCOTYLES (Montero) Cooke. Uredo bonplandii Spegazzini, see DIORCHIDIUM AUSTRALIS (Spegazzini) Lindquist. UREDO BORRERIAE (P. Hennings) Kern & Whetzel, Mycologia 18: 42. ; 1926. (?/?,IIpe/?). ' Uromyces borreriae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 227. 1896. TYPE on Spermococe verticillata Linnaeus (= Borreria verticillata (Linnaeus) Meyer), from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, July 1889 (the year 1887 is recorded on the label of the type specimen in HBG), Ule-688. See below. On Rubiaceae. Spermacoces sp. (recorded originally as Borreria sp.), Amap (IBI-17067), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 305), Paraba (IAC-2902), Rio deJaneiro (Dietel, 1899: 249). So Paulo (IBI-16994). Spermacoces verticillata Linnaeus [ Borreria verticillata (Linnaeus) Meyer], Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 80; IAC-2663), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 22; Jackson, 1932: 100; IAC-4663), So Paulo, (Vigas, 1945: 80; IAC-4052). Uredo borreriae has been reported also from Venezuela and Puerto Rico. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia 0.25-0.75(-1) mm across, on both sides of leaves, sometimes on brownish spots, mostly abaxial, scattered, blister -like at first, erumpent, powdery, ruptured epidermis evident, yellowish-brown; urediniospores 21-31 x 16-24 m, globose, subglobose or ovoid, wall ca 1-1.5(-2) m thick, pale brown, , finely echinulate, spines (2-)2.5(-3) m apart,. germ pores 2 or 3, equatorial. Hennings (1896: 227) was confused about this rust because the type collection had two different rust species on it. The Uromyces teliospores that he described are one-celled teliospores of the microcyclic species Puccinia lateritia and the urediniospores are those of Uredo borreriae (Kern & Whetzel, 1926). Uredo byrsonimatis P. Hennings, see PHAKOPSORA CHAVESII Dianese et al. Uredo cabreriana Kern & Kellerman, see DICHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur. Uredo cammeliae Mayor, see PHAKOPSORA CAMMELIAE Buritic & Hennen. UREDO CAJANI H. Sydow & P. Sydow in H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Butler, Ann. Mycol. 4: 442. 1906. Type on Cajanus indicus from India, Pusa, 20 Feb 1905, E.J.Butler-600. (?/?,II/?). On Leguminosae. Cajanus cajan (Linnaeus) Millspaugh, So Paulo (IBI-12005). Uredo cajani is widespread in tropical regions where it is cultivated. The original home of the host and rust is probably India. We believe the rust species was introduced into the New World probably from Africa or Asia. Spermogonia, aecia and telia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, cinnamon-brown or darker; urediniospores (19-)21-26(-28) x (17-)18-22(-24) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid; wall (1.5-)2(-2.5) m thick, about cinnamon-brown, finely and uniformly echinulate, pores (2)3(4), equatorial, or slightly above, with obvious caps (Cummins, 1978). Viennot-Bourgin (1953) identified a rust with uredinia and telia on Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) from the Ivory Coast as Uromyces dolichi Cooke and discussed the problems of determining the correct holomorph names for rusts on Cajanus. Teliospores of Uromyces dolichi are reticulate. Up to now, all collections of

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rusts on Cajanus cajun from the New World that might be anamorphs of a Uromyces consist only of uredinia. Cummins (1978) identified these collections from North America consisting of only uredinia as Uromyces dolicholi Arthur. Teliospores of U. dolicholi are smooth, and its type is on Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hooker var. texana (Torrey & Grey) M. C. Johnston [identified originally as Dolicholus texensis (Torrey & Grey) Vail] from Texas. But no inoculation experiments have been done that demonstrate that the rust on Rhynchosia would infect Cajanus cajan. Because telia of a Uromyces have not been found on Cajanus in the New World, we believe it best to identify the populations on Cajanus in the New World as the anamorph taxon Uredo cajani as did Hennen and McCain (1993). See Uromyces dolicholi in this catalogue for its possible occurrence in Brazil and more on nomenclature of these rusts. When abundant Uredo cajani causes defoliation and reduces yield of Cajanus cajani ("feijo guando", "pigeon pea"), a leguminous shrub that produces pods with edible seed rich in proteins, and grown in Brazil most often in home gardens. Uredo caleae Mayor, see PUCCINIA CALEAE Arthur. Uredo cameliae Mayor, see PHYSOPELLA CAMELIAE (Mayor) Cummins & Ramachar. Uredo cannae Winter, see PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel. Uredo capituliformis P. Hennings, see OLIVEA CAPITULIFORMIS Arthur. UREDO CARNOSA Spegazzini. Revista Argentina Hist. Nat. 1: 176. 1891. TYPE on unidentified species of Orchidaceae from Paraguay: Caa-guazu, 10 Apr 1876, ? Balansa s.n. On Orchidaceae. Catasetum fimbriatum (E. Morren) Lindley & Paxton, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 80; IAC-454). Vigas (1945: 81) reported that Caa-guazu is in Brazil. Lindquist (1983: 525) reported this anamorph probably belongs to Sphenospora but there is not enough of the original specimen to make a definite judgement. Probably the rust is an anamorph of Sphenospora kevorkianii. UREDO CASSIAE-RUGOSAE Thurston, Mycologia 32: 305. 1940. TYPE on Cassia rugossa Don from Brasil, Minas Gerais: Uberlandia, 19 May 1936, Muller-1083. On Leguminosae. Cassia rugosa Don., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 305). Uredo cassiae-rugosae has been reported only from the type. Thurston (1940) reports traits as sori without paraphyses, spores 26-35 x 19-23 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, densely echinulate, golden- to pale cinnamon-brown, pores 3-4 equatorial. Uredo cassiicola P. Hennings, see RAVENELIA DENTIFERA Hennen & Cummins. Uredo cenchriphila Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA CENCHRI Dietel & Holway. Uredo centratheri Vigas, see UREDO ALAGOINHENSIS Urban. UREDO CENTROSEMAE Vigas, Bragantia 5: 81. 1945. On Leguminosae. Centrosema sp., So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 81; IAC-2634). Uredo cerotelioides H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PHAKOPSORA ARRABIDAEAE Buritic & Hennen. Uredo cestri Bertero, see Aecidium cestri Montagne (UROMYCES CESTRI Montagne). Uredo chaetochloae Arthur, see PUCCINIA CHAETOCHLOAE Arthur.

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Uredo chardoni Kern, see PUCCINIA BOUTELOUAE (Jennings) Holway. Uredo cherimoliae Lagerheim, see PHAKOPSORA NEOCHERMOLIAE Buritic & Hennen. Uredo chilensis Dietel & Neger, seeUROMYCES LATHYRINUS Spegazzini. Uredo chloridis-polydactylidis Vigas, see PUCCINIA CACABATA Arthur & Holway. UREDO CHRYSOPHYLLI Sydow, Hedwigia 49: 78. 1910. TYPE on Chrysophyllum sp., Sapotaceae, from Brazil, Par, 12 May 1908, C. F. Baker-350. (?/?,?IIpe/?). Uredo chrysophylli has been reported only from the type. Sori on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.1 mm wide, yellow-brown to brown, in rregular or circular groups on round, whitish spots 1-3 mm wide, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores 22-32 x 18-25 m, mostly ovoid or pyriform tending to reniform, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate, germ pores 2, equatorial, yellow-brown (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1924). . UREDO CHRYSOPHYLLICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 106. 1902. TYPE on Chrysophyllum sp. Sapotaceae from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo Botanical Garden, Puttemans-163. (?/?,IIpe/?). Uredo chrysophyllicola has been reported only from the type. Sori 0.3-0.75 mm across, pale yellow, surrounded by ruptured epidermis, pulverulent, mostly on the abaxial or on both sides of leaves, scattered or in small groups, on roundish, reddish-yellow spots 1-2 mm across, or some infections locally systemic; spores 16-24 x 15-20 m, globoid, subgloboid, ovoid or ellipsoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, colorless to pale yellow, loosely echinulate, pores obscure (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1924). Our measurements from an isotype were spores 28-31 x 24-31 m; wall 3.5-5 m, spines (2.5-)33.5(-5) m and (2-)2.5-3(3.5) m apart. Uredo cisneroana Spegazzini, see UROMYCES CISNEROANUS Spegazzini. Uredo coccolobae P. Hennings, see Physopella coccolobae (Hennings)Buritic [CEROTELIUM COCCOLOBAE Buritic & Hennen]. Uredo colubrinae Cummins, see PHAKOPSORA COLUBRINAE Vigas. Uredo commelinae Spegazzini, see UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke. Uredo commelyneae Kalchbrenner, see PHAKOPSORA TECTA H. S. Jackson & Holway. Uredo concors Arthur, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur] Uredo condylocarpi H. S. Jackson & Holway, see MALUPA CONDYLOCARPI (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen. UREDO CONFLUENS P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (69). 1899. TYPE on Manilkara subsericia (Martius) Dubard (fide Pennington, Fl. Neotropica), reported as Mimusops subsericea Martius, Sapotaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: restinga, Lagas de Freytas, Oct 1895, Ule-2154. Known only from the type collection. (0/Ipe,?/?). ' Uredo sapotacearum P. Hennings, Hedwigia 38: 256. 1899. TYPE on Manilkara subsericia (Martius) Dubard ( Mimusops subsericia Martius), from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Copacabana, Dec 1896, Ule-2154. ' "Uredo (= Scopella) confluens (P. Hennings) Cummins", Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 208. 1950. Telia not described. On Sapotaceae

& Hennen

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Manilkara subsericia (Martius) Dubard (Mimusops subsericia Martius), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899: (69). Uredo confluens has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia subcuticular, on both sides of leaves, 55-65 m high, 120-165 m wide, lenticular or hemispherical, reddish-brown; aecia on both sides of leaves on somewhat hypertrophied areas up to 2 cm in length along the midrib or lateral veins, (or cauliclous according to the Sydows, Monogr. Ured. 4: 437. 1924), densely grouped, becoming confluent around the spermogonia, 0.5-1 mm wide, chestnut-brown, pulverulent; aeciospores (20-)23-38 x (22) 27-33(-35) m, pedicellate, broadly elipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-3 m thick, often indistinctly bilaminate, cinnamon-brown, strongly echinulate, especially apically, with sharp spines up to 3 m long, germ pores 2, adjacent to the hilum. Cummins (1950: 208) Cummins (1950: 208) reported spermogonia in Ules type specimen and spores that had the morphology of those often associated with Scopella, so he assumed that the rust would be a Scopella even though he found no teliospores. But Ono (1984) did not include it in his paper in which he transferred Scopella to Maravalia. UREDO CONSANGUINEA Sydow, Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. 52: 184. 1902. TYPE on Dorstenia multiformis Miquel from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: place, date, and collector? On Moraceae. Dorstenia multiformis Miquel, Rio de Janeiro (Sydow, 1902: 184; IBI-1728; Jackson, 1927: 52), So Paulo (IBI-14169). The traits of the three species of Uredo reported on Dorstenia from the Neotropics are given below. No teleomorphs are known for these. Uredo consanguinea: Sori small, 0.1-0.2 mm across, reddish;. irregularly scattered on yellowish spots on abaxial sides of leaves, paraphyses 30-45 x 10-12 m, peripheral, cylindrical, with one or two septa, walls 1-1.5 thick, yellowish or light brown. Spores 20-28 x 16-23 m, globoid, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, walls evenly ca. 2 m thick, loosely echinulate, pale yellowish to pale brownish, germ pores obscure. Uredo rubescens Arthur on Dorstenia contrajerva Linnaeus from Puerto Rico: Sori irregularly grouped on indefinite pale spots on abaxial side leaves, 0.2-0.4 mm across, reddish, subepidermal in origin, erumpent by a small central pore, paraphyses 4060 x 7-9 m, peripheral, incurved, without septa, colorless, walls ca. 1 m thick; spores 18-19 x 25-28 m, ellipsoid, walls evenly 1.5 m thick, strongly and closely echinulate, pale cinnamon-brown, pores obscure. Uredo uncinata Kern, Cifferi & Thurston on Dortenia sp from Santo Domingo: Spores are easily identified by their long, appendage-like spines which are bent or even hooked. Aecidium bertonii Spegazzini on Dorstenia braziliensis from Paraguay is probably the same species as Uredo uncinata but was placed in the wrong genus by Spegazzini. Uredo copaiferae P. Hennings, see SPHENOSPORA COPAIFERAE Sydow. Uredo cordiae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CORDIAE Arthur. Uredo cristata Spegazzini, see SKIERKA CRISTATA Mains. Uredo crotalariae Dietel, see MILESIA CROTALARIAE (Dietel) Ono et al. UREDO CROTALARIAE-VITELLINAE Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 161. 1916. LECTOTYPE on Crotalaria vitellina Kern from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Botanical Garden, April 1914, Rangel-1181. (?/?,IIpe/?). On Leguminosae. Crotalaria vitellina Kern, Rio de Janeiro (Rangle, 1916A: 161). Crotalaria incanna, Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916: 161). Uredo crotolariae-vitellineae has been reported only from Brazil. Perhaps Uredo crotolariae-vitellineae is an anamorph of UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) Baxter.

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Uredo crotonicola P. Hennings, see PHAKOPSORA ARGENTINENSIS (Spegazzini) Arthur. Uredo crotonis P. Hennings, see Aeciure crotonis (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen (ARTHURIA CATENULATA H. S. Jackson & Holway). Uredo cubangoensis Rangel, see PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew. Uredo cumula Arthur, see PUCCINIA BUCHNERAE Cummins. Uredo cupheae P. Hennings, see PHAKOPSORA CUPHEAE Buritic. Uredo cuticulosa Ellis & Everhart, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur. Uredo cyclogena Spegazzini, see RAVENELIA MACROCARPA H. Sydow & P. Sydow. ? UREDO CYPERICOLA P. Hennings, in A. Engler, 1895. Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrika und der Nachbargebiete, Teil C, p. 52. TYPE on Cyperus sp. from Kilimandscharo, East Africa, location and date of collection not found. On Cyperaceae. Cyperus sp., Par (Hennings, 1908: 101). The report of Uredo cypericola by Hennings listed here requires confirmation. The Sydows (1924) did not include Brazil as a locatin for this rust. UREDO CYRTANTHERAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 96. 1932. TYPE on Jacobinia selloviana Hieronymus, Aanthaceae (reported originally as Cyrtanthera sellowiana Nees) from Brazil, So Paulo: Cantareira, 30 May 1922, Holway-1917. (?/?,II/?). Uredo cyrtantherae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia, aecia and telia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-1.0 mm diam, buff, scattered irregularly or mostly in concentric groups to 2 mm across; urediniospores 26-31 x 22-25 m, spheroid, ellipsoid to obovoid; wall 2-3 m thick, strongly echinulate except around the pores, straw color, pores difficult to see, probably 2 more or less equatorial and opposite. Uredo cyperi-tagetiformis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA CYPERI-TAGETIFORMIS Kern. Uredo cyrtopodii Sydow, see SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder. Uredo dactylocteniicola Spegazzini, see UROMYCES DACTYLOCTENII Wakefield & Hansford. UREDO DALBERGIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 98. 1895. TYPE on Dalbergia sp. from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Feb 1893, Ule-1995. (ANpe). = Uredo mararyensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 162. 1904. TYPE on Dalbergia sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Marary, September 1900, Ule-2916. = Uredo nidulans H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 332. 1903. TYPE on Dalbergia foliosa from Bolivia, Guani-Tipuani, date not reported, M. Bang s.n. On Leguminosae. Dalbergia variabilis Vogel, Santa Catarina, (Hennings, 1896: 251), Brasil (Joerstad, 1959: 75). Dalbergia sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895: 98), Mato Grosso (Joerstad, 1959: 75). Uredo dalbergiae has also been reported from Bolivia as shown above. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, on yellowish leaf spots, scattered or in loose or dense groups to 4 mm across, cinnamon-brown, erumpent, pulverulent; paraphyses 4080 x 5-8 m, numerous, peripheral, incurved, apically sharp-pointed, wall colorless to subcolorless, outer lateral wall 2.5-5 m thick, inner lateral wall 1-2 m thick; urediniospores 17-24 x 14-18 m, subglogoid,

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ovoid, to piriform, often slightly reniform, wall 1-1.5 m thick, pale brown, echinulate, germ pores probably several, obscure (P. & H. Sydow, 1924). Telia like the uredinia but spores elongate-needle-like, up to 9 septate, pointed on both ends, wall uniformily about 1 m, colorless to pale yellow. Telia found on isotype specimen of Uredo mararyensis in PUR-F8906. Uredo dalbergiae is probably an anamorph of Mimema sp. or Sorataea sp. The Sydows (1924) determined that Uredo mararyensis, which has been reported only from the type, is a synonym of Uredo dalbergiae. Uredo desmium (Berkeley & Broom) Peth, see PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) Hiratsuka. Uredo desmodii-leiocarpi P. Hennings, see UROMYCES HEDYSARI-PANICULATI (Schweinitz) Farlow. Uredo dentata Mains, see PUCCINIA OBLIQUO-SEPTATA Viennot-Bourgin. Uredo dianthi Persoon, see UROMYCES DIANTHI (Persoon) Niessl. Uredo dieteliana Saccardo & Sydow, see UROMYCES BRASILIENSIS Trotter. Uredo digitariae-ciliaris Mayor, see PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellils & Everhart. Uredo digitariaecola Thueman,see PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhart. Uredo dioscoreae P. Hennings, see SPHENOSPORA PALLIDA (Winter) Dietel. UREDO DIOSCOREICOLA Kern, Cifferi & Thurston, Ann. Mycol. 31: 24. 1933. . TYPE on Dioscorea altissima Lamarck from Dominican Republic, LaVega: Cordillera Central, Bonao at Rio Maimon, 17 Dec 1930, Cifferi & Ekman-3936. (Not Uredo dioscoreicola Sawada, 1943, from Taiwan). On Dioscoreaceae. Dioscorea sp., Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 149, identification needs confirmation). Kern et al. (1933) treated Uredo dioscoreicola as a new name, nom. nov., for Uredo dioscoreae Arthur (1924) but Arthur never propose such a name. Curiously Kern et al.(1933) also designated a type specimen that Arthur had not seen. In the publication that Kern et al. referred to as the place of publication, Arthur (1924) used the name Uredo dioscoreae P. Hennings which is an anamorph of Sphenospora pallida (Winter) Dietel. Kern states that the description given by Arthur is not that of Uredo dioscoreae P. Hennings but of another rust that Kern et al.(1933) reported from The Dominican Republic and which Arthur (1924) reported from Cuba and Puerto Rico. Because Kern et al. (1933) published some diagnostic traits for this rust, we believe that the name should be attributed to Kern et al as a new species and not as a new name. Uredo dombeyae Lindquist, Hickenia 1: 155. 1978. (not Uredo dombyae Doidge, 1948) TYPE on ?Dombeya walichii B. & H. (f.) (Bignoniaceae), from Brazil, So Paulo: Piracicaba, 5 Sept 1967, Allison & J. P. da Costa Neto-6407. Uredo dombeyae Lindquist, requires a new name, and has been reported only from the type. We question the identity of the host of this rust. The ornamental, D. walichii Bentham & Hooker is listed as in the Sterculiaceae, not Bignoniaceae, and native of the Mascarenes and Madagascar (Mabberley, 1997). If the host is in the Bignoniaceae, then the genus for Dombeya is Tourretia. Uredo duplicata Rangel, see PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhart. Uredo eichorniae Fragoso & Ciferri, see UROMYCES PONTEDERIAE Gerard. Uredo elephantopodis P. Hennings, see COLEOSPORIUM VERNONIAE Berkeley & Cooke.

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Uredo epidendri, see SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder. Uredo eriochloe Spegazzini, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. Uredo eriochloana Saccardo & Trotter, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. UREDO ERIOSEMAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 4: 351. 1931. TYPE on Eriosema crinitum (Kunth) G. Don (Leguminosae) from Brazil, So Paulo: Santana, 28 May 1922, Holway-1902. PUR-F8915 (?/?,II/?). Uredo eriosemae has been reported only from the type. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the adaxial side, 0.2-0.3 mm across, minute, chestnut-brown, soon naked, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; paraphyses none; urediniospores 18-22 x 17-20 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, brown, finely and moderately echinulate, pores 3 or 4, about equatorial (Jackson, 1931). Perhaps Uredo eriosemae is the uredinial stage of Uromyces dolicholii Arthur which has been reported from southern Africa. New collections are required to confirm this. Uredo erythroxylonis Graziani, see PHAKOPSORA COCA Buritic & Hennen Uredo eugeniarum P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. UREDO EUPATORIICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 337. 1895. TYPE on Eupatorium sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau, date not recorded, Moeller 821. (?/?,II/?). On Compositae. Eupatorium sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1895C: 337). Uredo eupatoriicola has been reported also from Paraguay and Nicaragua. Uredo evolvuli Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA LITHOSPERMI Ellis & Everhart. Uredo excipulata H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. Uredo fallaciosa Arthur, see PUCCINIA FALLAX Arthur. Uredo farinosa P. Hennings, Hedwigia 36: 216. 1897. This fungus is Clinoconidium farinosum (P. Hennings) Patouillard, not a rust. Uredo fenestrala Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA FENESTRALA Arthur. Uredo fici Castagne, see PHAKOPSORA NISHIDANA Ito. Uredo fici var. guarapaensis Spegazzini, see Physopella ficicola (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen [CEROTELIUM FICICOLA Buritic & Hennen]. Uredo ficina Juel, see Physopella ficicola (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen (CEROTELIUM FICICOLA Buritic & Hennen). Uredo ficicola Spegazzini, see Physopella ficicola (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen (CEROTELIUM FICICOLA Buritic & Hennen). Uredo fimbriata Spegazzini, see RAVENELIA FIMBRIATA Spegazzini. Uredo flavidula Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Uredo floscopae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES FLOSCOPAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow.

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Uredo fructicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (129). 1899. The fungus is Clinoconidiuim farinosum (P. Hennings) Patouillard, not a rust. Uredo fuirenae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA FUIRENICOLA Arthur ex Kern. Uredo gaudichaudii H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see UROMYCES BLAINVILLEAE Berkeley. UREDO GAYANAE Lindquist, Revista Fac. Agron. La Plata 39: 118. 1963. TYPE on Chloris gayana Kunth, Gramineae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Escola de Agron. e Veter., 22 July 1958, Costa Neto-986. Uredo gayanae has been reported only from the type. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, eliptic, 0.2-0.3mm across, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, urediniospores 34-42 x 24-31 m, globoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m, pale cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 4-5, equatorial (Lindquist, 1982). Uredo geophilae P. Hennings, see DIORCHIDIUM AMAPAENSIS Hennen & Soto. Uredo gibertii Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA GIBERTII Lindquist. UREDO GLECHONIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (69). 1899. TYPE on Glechon sp., Labiatae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 1 Jan 1896, Ule-2135. Uredo glechonis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Uredo globulosa Arthur, see UREDO HYPOXIDIS (Bressadola) P. Hennings. Uredo gnaphalii Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA GNAPHALIICOLA P. Hennings. UREDO GOELDII R. T. Almeida, ). see UROMYCES IPATINGAE Ferreira & Y. Hiratsuka. Fitopat. Bras. 1: 219. 1976. On Leguminosae. Clitoria fairchildiana Howard (= Clitoria racemosa Bentham), Par (Almeida, 1976: 219, IAN884 Uredo goeldiana P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Uredo gossypii Lagerheim, see PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) Hiratsuka. Uredo gouaniae Ellis & Kelsey, see PUCCINIA INVAGINATA Arthur & J. R. Johnston. Uredo guacae Mayor, see SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder. Uredo gymnogrammes P. Hennings, see DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow. UREDO GYNANDREARUM Corda, Icon. Fung.. 3: 3. 1839. TYPE on unidentified Orchidaceae from South America collected by Fieber. (?/?,II/?). On Orchidaceae. Species undetermined, So Paulo (Maire, 1908: 152). Uredo gynandrearum has been reported also questionably from Paraguay, and The West Indies. The aplication of the name Uredo gynandrearum is obscure and its occurence in Brazil needs to be confirmed. Previous descriptions of sori and spores are inconsistent.

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The Sydows ((1924) reported that probably the only specimen that could be identified as this species confidently was the type. Sori blister-like, scattered on leaves with or without pale yellowish spots, spores 16-22 m in diameter, ovoid, wall finely echinulate, colorless. UREDO HAMMARI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 107. 1902. TYPE on Hyptis sp., Labiatae, from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Horto Botanico de S. Paulo, now Horto Florestal, 1 Nov 1901, A. Hammer (Puttemans-179). (?/?,IIcv/?). Uredo hammari has been reported only from the type. The Sydows (1924) reported that Uredo hammari is an "Aecidiumform" but lacks a peridium. Thus, the correct anamorph genus is Caeoma, not Uredo. They did not make a transfer. Jackson (1932) believes that this anamorph probably belongs to Puccinia cavatica. Uredo harmsiana P. Hennings, see UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) J. W. Baxter. Uredo helianthi Schweinitz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 291. Hennings' (1896: 247) report of this rust name on Verbesina sp., Compositae. from, Rio de Janeiro is an error. The rust was reidentified later by Ule as Uromyces blainvilleae Berkeley on Blainvillea rhomboidea Cass. from a specimen in HBG. Uredo heliconiae Dietel, see PUCCINIA HELICONIAE Arthur. Uredo henningsii Saccardo & D. Saccardo, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshina. Uredo heterantherae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES HETERANTHERAE P. Sydow & H. Sydow. . Uredo hibisci Sydow, see KATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic. Uredo hieronymi Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentinensis 12: 73. 1881. TYPE on Acacia caven (Molina) Molina Uredinial stage of Ravenelia australis Dietel & Neger fide Lindquist, 1954]. Uredo hieronymi Spegazzini, Anal. mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 23: 30. 1912. TYPE on Acacia caven (Molina) Molina, Catamarca, Argentina, Nov 1909, LPS, see RAVENELIA HIERONYMI Spegazzini. Uredo holmbergii Spegazzini, see UROMYCES HOLMBERGII Spegazzini. Uredo hoveniae Lindquist & Costa Neto, see PHAKOPSORA COLUBRINAE Vigas. Uredo hydrocotyles Bertero ex Montagne, see PUCCINIA HYDROCOTYLES. Uredo hymenaeae Mayor, see CROSSOPSORA HYMENEAE Dianese, Buritic & Hennen. Uredo hyperici Sprengel, see UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke. UREDO HYPOXIDIS (Bresadola) P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 40: (173). 1901. (?/?,II/?). ' Doassansia hypoxidis Bresadola in Rabenhorst (Pazschke), Fung. Europ. 4201. 1901. TYPE on Hypoxis decumbens from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Tubero, Oct 1890, Ule-1033. = Uredo globulosa Arthur, Mycologia 8:22. 1916. TYPE on Hypoxis decumbens Linnaeus from Puerto Rico, Las Marias, 10 July 1915, F. L. Stevens-8127. On Liliaceae (Amaryllidaceae, Hypoxidaceae) Hypoxis decumbens L., Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 448), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson 1926: 157; Vigas, 1945: 84; IAC-3001; Joerstad, 1956: 448), Santa Catarina (PUR-F2674), So Paulo (Hennings, 1901: 73; Jackson, 1926: 157). Hypoxis sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 227), So Paulo (PUR-F2679), Brasil (Hennings, 1901: 173).

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Uredo hpoxidis has been reported also from Argentina to the Southeastern United States of America, and also on Curculigo sp. from Trinidad and Sierra Leone. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves on purplish-black spots 0.5-1 mm across, sori 60-80 m high x 150-325 m across, peridum thin, delicate, sac-like, sometimes difficult to demonstrate, usually deeply discolored sharply delimiting the sorus, opening by a central orifice, the cells polygonal with walls about 2 m thick, urediniospores pedicellate, (18-)20-26(-28) x (13-)15-19(-20) m broadly obovoid, wall ca 1.5 m thick, closely echinulate, colrless, pores obscure (Arthur, 1916; P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1923; Laundon, 1965). Uredo hypoxidis has been mistakenly reported as Uromyces affinis Winter (Hedwigia 24: 259. 1885). All rusts reported to be Uromyces affinis from Brazil are Uredo hypoxydis. The type of Uromyces affinis Winter is on Nothoscordum sp., not Hypoxis erecta Linnaeus as originally reported, and the rust is Uromyces primaverilis. The collection is from The United States of America, Missouri: Perryville, C. H. Demetrio s. n. Thus, Uromyces affinis is a synonym of Uromyces primaverilis. The description and records listed by Arthur (N. Am. Flora 7: 755. 1926) are a mixture. Those from New York and Connecticut are Uromyces necopinus, others from Florida, Mississippi, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and South America are Uredo hypoidis. Uredo hyptidis Curtis, see PUCCINIA NEOHYPTIDIS Laundon. UREDO HYPTIDIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 100. 1895. (Not Curtis, 1848). On Labiatae. Hyptis scabra Benth., Minas Gerais (Hennings, 1895: 100). Hyptis sp., Rio de Janeiro (IAC-4661). Uredo ignava Arthur, see KWEILINGIA DIVINA (H. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen. Uredo ignota Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 26: 14. 1888. An illegitimate name. Host undetermined. Brasil (Sydow, 1924: 554). UREDO ILLAUDANDA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 105. 1932. TYPE on Vanillosmopsis erythropappa (DeCandole) Schultz-Bipontius from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Teresopolis, 4 Oct 1921, Holway-1192. (?/?,II/?). On Compositae. Vanillosmopsis erythropappa (DeCandole) Schultz-Bip., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson,1932: 105). Uredo imperspicua Spegazzini, see RAVENELIA COHNIANA P. Hennings. Uredo ingae P. Hennings, see YPSILOSPORA TUCUMANENSIS Hernndez & Hennen. Uredo ipomoeae Schweinitz, see COLEOSPORIUM IPOMOEAE Burrill. Uredo ipomoeae-pentaphyllae P. Hennings,s see COLEOSPORIUM IPOMOEAE Burrill. Uredo ischnosyphonis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel. Uredo janiphae Winter, see UROMYCES JATROPHAE Arthur. Uredo jaranae Albuquerque, see Physopella jaranae (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen [CEROTELIUM NUXIAE Buritic & Hennen]. Uredo jatrophicola Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA ARTHURIANA Buritic & Hennen. Uredo juelii J. Walker, see [Physopella jueli P. Sydow& H. (PHAKOPSORA ROSSMANIAE Dianese et al.)

Sydow) Buritic & Hennen

Uredo juruensis (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) J. W. Baxter Mycologia 67: 437. 1975. A later homonym, not

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Hennings, 1904, a new name is necessary. ' Ravenelia juruensis H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 256. 1916. TYPE on Pithecellobium glomeratum Bentham ,Leguminosae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Bom Fim, November 1900, Ule-2926. Telia not described. Uredo juruensis (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) J. W. Baxter has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia on distinctive orbicular spots to 1cm across on the abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon-brown, densely grouped in the center of the spot, subepidermal becoming erumpent, small, round, surrounded by the torn epidermis, yellowish; without paraphyses; urediniospores 1621 14-17 um, globoid, sub-globoid to ovoid; wall 1.5 m thick at sides, 2 m at the apex, finely echinulate especially at the apex, less towards the bottom, yellowish-brown, germ pores obscure. [Zygia glomerata (= Pithecellobium glomeratum, = Inga glomerata, = Zygia cataractae), Brazil]. UREDO KYLLINGIAE P.Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 256. 1896. TYPE on Kyllinga caespitosa Nees (Kyllinga pumila Michaux) from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Itaja, Nov 1885, Ule-1421. (?/?,IIpe/?) ? = Uredo kyllingiae-brevifoliae Dietel, Bot. Jahrb. 34: 591. 1905. TYPE on Kyllinga brevifolia Rottboell from Japan, Tosa: Kochi, June 1903, T. Yoshinaga s.n. On Cyperaceae: Kyllinga brevifolia Rottboell, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 144). Kyllinga pumila Michaux, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1956: 481; as Puccinia cyperi), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 256). Uredo kyllingiae has been reported also from Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Africa and Asia. Uredo kyllingiae-brevifoliae Dietel (Bot. Jahrb. 34: 591. 1905) was regarded as a synonym of Uredo kyllingiae P. Hennings by Hiratsuka et al. (1992), and was connected to the teleomorph Puccinia kyllingiae-brevifoliae Miura.. As such, it was reported from Asia. But this connection has not been determined reliably for the Americas where telial collections have not been reported. Arthur (1924) reported Uredo kyllingiae asan anamorph of Puccinia cyperi. Some authors unite Puccinia kyllingiae-brevifoliae with Puccinia cyperi. Sometimes Kyllinga is spelled as Kyllingia. Uredinia scattered or a few aggregated into groups, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves or on both sides or on stems, on minute brown spots, the leaves sometimes completely brownish, sori 0.25-1 mm long, elliptical to oblong, brownish to pale brownish, long covered by the epidermis; urediniospores 20-28 x 15-19 m, subglobose or often ovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, for a long time colorless, then yellowish or yellowish-brown, germ pores mainly 2, rarely 3-4, equatorial. (The Sydows, 1924). Uredo kyllingiae-brevifoliae Dietel, see UREDO KYLLINGIAE P. Hennings. UREDO LAETICOLOR Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 47: 473. 1920. A new name for Uredo operculinae Arthur. (?/?,II/?). ' Uredo operculinae Arthur, Mycologia 9: 95. 1917. (Not Sydow, 1913, a rust also on Operculina sp.from the Philippines). TYPE on Operculina dissecta (Jacquin) House from Puerto Rico, Yauco, March 31, 1916, H. H. Whetzel & Olive-310. On Convolvulaceae. Operculina convolvulus Manso, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 86; IAC-1852). UREDO LAFOENSEAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 483. 1931. TYPE on Lafoensia pacari Saint-Hilaire from Brazil, So Paulo: Campos do Jordo, 26 April 1922, Holway1774. (?/?,II/?). On Lythraceae. Lafoensia pacari Saint-Hilaire, Federal District (IBI-15574), Minas Gerais (IBI-15907), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 483; IBI-14559). Uredo lafoenseae has been reported only from Brazil. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, scatterd or in groups, cinnamon-brown, 0.2-0.4 mm across, tardily erumpent, somewhat bullate, becoming pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; urediniospores 22-31 x 16-19 m, somewhat irregularly ellipsoid or obovoid; wall 1 m or less

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thick, moderately and finely echinulate, cinnamon-brown, pores 3, azproximately equatorial (Jackson, 1931: 483.). Uredo leonotidicola P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA LEONOTIDICOLA P. Hennings. Uredo leonotidis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA LEONOTIDICOLA P. Hennings. UREDO LICANIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 99. 1895. TYPE on Licania sp., Chrysobalanaceae, from Brazil, Gois: Meiponte, Aug 1892, Ule-1901. (?/?,II/?). Uredo licaniae has been reported only from the type. See Intrapes paliformis, which this species may prove to be. Uredo lilloi Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur. Uredo lindsaeae P. Hennings, see CALIDION LINDSAEAE (P. Hennings) H. Sydow. Uredo loeseneriana P. Hennings, see KUEHNEOLA LOESENERIANA (P.Hennings) H. S. Jackson & Holway. Uredo longiaculeata P. Hennings, see PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway. UREDO LONGIPEDIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34:; 97. 1895. TYPE on Calliandra longipedis, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Gois, Gois, Dec 1892, Ule-1893. Uredo longipes has been reported only from the type. Sori on both sides of leaves, in groups on spots 2-5 mm in diameter, sori minute, yellow-brown to brownish, surrounded by ruptured epidermis; paraphyses numerous, 40-50 m long, clavate to capitate, 12-18 m wide at top, wall 4-12 m thick at top, dark yellow-brown at apex, pale below and subcolorless at base; spores 18-28 x 14-18 m, subgloboid, ovoid, to piriform, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides and yellowish, 2-3.5 m at apex and dark yellow-brown, echinulate, germ pores 4, equatorial (H. & P. Sydow, 1924). Uredo lucumae Arthur & Johnston, see ACHROTELIUM LUCUMAE Cummins. UREDO LUEHEAE Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 23: 31. 1912. TYPE on Lueheae divaricata Martius from Argentina, Jujuy: Yuto, Nov 1911, Spegazzini-s.n. On Tiliaceae. Luehea sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-16258), Rio de Janeiro (IBI-12829), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 477; IBI-12829). Uredo lueheae has been reported also only from Argentina. Sori on adaxial side of leaves, scattered or in loose groups, 0.1-0.2 mm across, pulvinate, erumpent, tan,; paraphyses about 30 x 12 m, numerous, forming a basket like structure, straight or incurved, the apex more or less thickened or subcapitate, wall 0.5 m thick on sides, 2-4 m thick in curved, apex capitate; spores 18-20 m in diameter, (24-26 x 17-19 m, fide Lindquist, 1982), subglobose, broadly ellipsoid, or obovoid; wall 1.5-2 m thick, evenly echinulate, pores obscure (The Sydows, 1924). Uredo lygodii Hariot, see PUCCINIA LYGODII Arthur. UREDO LYNCHII (Berkeley) Plowright, Monog. Brit. Ured. p. 259. 1889. Trichobasis lynchii Berkeley, Gard. Chron. 8: 242. 1877. TYPE on Spiranthes sp. from Kew Botanical Gardens, England, originally from Trinidad, place and date not available, Lynchs.n. On Orchidaceae. Spiranthes nitida Cogn., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 162). Jackson (1926) was unsure of the identification of this specimen as Uredo lynchii. He reported the spores as 26-28 x 18-22 m, wall 2.5-3.5 m thick, and sparsely and prominently echinulate.

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UREDO MACEIENSIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 163. 1904. TYPE on leaves and twigs of ? Johannesia(sic) princeps Velloso, Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, Alagoas: Maceio, July 1900, Ule2663. Uredo maceiensis has been reported only from the type. The host genus was misspelled in the original publicartion. It should be Joannesia, but the host of the type specimen in HBG is probably not Joannesia princeps Velloso. Perhaps the genus is Maprounea sp. also Euphorbiaceae. Sori 1-2 mm in diameter or elongate, confluent and up to 4 mm long on petioles, irregularly distributed on both sides of the leaves, on petioles, (and on stems, Hennings, 1904), in groups on circular, yellowish, or brownish spots 3-5 mm. in diameter, solitary or finally confluent, erumpent, powdery, dark cinnamon brown; paraphyses numerous, peripheral, 30-50 x 15-16 m, clavate, yellowish above, colorless below, wall very thick above, lumen none or almost lacking; spores 24-34 x 18-25 m, mostly ovoid, wall 2.5-4 m laterally, up to 4-6 m at apex, germ pores 3, equatorial (H. & P. Sydow, 1924). Uredo macella H. S. Jackson & Holway, see UROMYCES OCCULTUS Lindquist. UREDO MACHAERII Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 36. 1897. TYPE on Machaerium sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Niteroi, Sept 1892, Ule-2048. Uredo machaerii has been reported only from the type. Sori very closely scattered and often confluent almost covering the deformed branches of witches' brooms, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; spores 11-16 x 10-14 m, globoid, subgloboid, to ovoid, wall ca 2 m thick, echinulate, yellowish to pale brown, germ pores 8-10, scattered (Dietel, 1897; P. & H. Sydow, 1924). Uredo maclurae Spegazzini, see Physopella maclurae (Spegazzini) Arthur. (CHACONIA APICRASSA Hennen et al. sp. nov. ined). Uredo macrospermum Cooke, see UREDINOPSIS PTERIDIS Dietel. Uredo maculans Patouillard & Gaillard, see PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur. Uredo malvicola Spegazzini, see CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen. Uredo maprouniae P. Hennings, see CHACONIA MAPROUNIAE Ono & Hennen. Uredo mararyensis P. Hennings, see UREDO DALBERGIAE. Hennings. Uredo margine-incrassata P. Hennings, see RAVENELIA BAKERIANA Dietel. Uredo mauriae H. Sydow, see KIMUROMYCES CERRADENSIS Dianese et al. Uredo melinidis Kern, see UROMYCES SETATIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. UREDO MICROTHELES Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Cordoba 11: 482. 1889 TYPE on Desmodium sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Apiahy, "spring" 1888, Puiggari-2720. Uredo microthelis has been reported only from the type. Sori mostly on abaxial side of leaflets, rarely on adaxial side, 0.15-0.25 mm diam, erumpent, subpulverulent, rust-brown; spores 17-18 m diam., globoid, wall thickened (crassiusculo), yellowish, minutely densely echinulate (Spegazzini, 1889). UREDO MIMOSAE-INVISAE Vigas, Bragantia 5: 85. 1945. TYPE on Mimosa invisae Martius, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Paraba: Alagoinha Experiment Station at Alagoinha, Jan 1940, J. Deslandes-s.n. Uredo mimosa-invisae has been reported only from the type. Sori numerous on both sides of leaflets, scattered, 0.33-0.25 mm across, at first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, pulverulent; spores 18-28 x 18-20 m, globoid-piriform, wall 3-3.5 m thick, minutely echinulate, yellowish, with 6-8 scattered germ pores (Vigas, 1945).

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Uredo mogiphanis. Juel, see PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur. Uredo mogi-mirim Vigas, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. Uredo monsterae Sydow, from Caxiuan, Sotao 97-381, Sotao97-618. Uredo myrciae Mayor, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. UREDO MYRSINES Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 256. 1899. TYPE on Cybianthus sp., Myrsinaceae (reported originally as undetermined genus of Myrsinaceae) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, May 1896, Ule-2363. (ANpe). Uredo myrsines has been reported only from the type. The host genus was determined by J. Pipoly, Dec. 1999 at BRIT from photo of type from HBG. Sori on the abaxial side of leaves, on small yellowish spots 1-2 mm across, sori ca 0.1-0.2 mm across, single or many aggregated together and sometimes confluent, long covered by the brown epidermis; spores 18-24 x 16-19 m variable in shape, mostly subglobose, ellipsoid or ovate, wall ca 1.5-2 m thick, yellowish, short echinulate, germ pores 6-8 scattered (Dietel, 1899). Uredo myrtacearum Pazschke, in Rabenhorst & Winter, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Uredo nectandrae Vigas, Bragantia 5: 86. 1945. Not rust. This fungus is Drepanoconis larvaeformis. See O Biolgico 12: 55. 1946. UREDO NEOPUSTULATA Cummins, Mycologia 48: 608. 1956. ' Uredo pustulata P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 35: (129). 1899. Not Persoon, 1801. TYPE on Stenorrhynchus sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Orgos, 23 Dec 1896, Ule2455. On Orchidaceae. Stenorrhynchus sp., Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899: (129); Cummins, 1956: 608). Uredo neopustulata has been reported also from Puerto Rico. Sori scattered and deeply immersed in infections covering all of the leaf, or few in scattered groups, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, opening by a central pore, spores 19-26 x 16-20 m, subgloboid, ovoid, to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, loosely echinulate, yellowish, germ pores obscure (The Sydows, 1924). Uredo nephrolepidis Dietel, see DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow. Uredo neurophila Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. UREDO NICOTIANAE Anasatasia, Saccardo & Splendore in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 17: 440. 1905. TYPE (lectotype needs to be chosen) on Nicotiana quadrivalvis and N. sylvestris from Italy, Neapolin: Scafati tobacco experimental station, date of collection and collector not available. = Uredo nicotianae Arthur in Blasdale, Univ. California Publ., Bot. 7: 141. 1919. Type on Nicotiana biglowii Watson from The United States of America, California: Rionido, date of collection and collector not available. On Solanaceae. Nicotiana tabacum L., Brasil (Averna-Sacca, 1922: 205). The Sydows (1924) saw no specimen of Uredo nicotianae but they reported that his anamorph probably belongs to a Coleosporium. The report of this rust from Brazil requires confirmation before it can be accepted. Uredo nidulans H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see UREDO DALBERGIAE P. Hennings. UREDO NIDULARII P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 37: (206). 1898. TYPE on Nidularium longiflorum Ule from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Orgos, 21 December 1896, Ule-2446 . (?/?,II,?). On Bromeliaceae.

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Nidularium longiflorum Ule, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1898: 206; Dietel, 1899: 256). Nidularium organense Ule, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 256). report Uredo nidularii also on Tillandsia spp. and from Jamaica, Central America, and Mexico. Sori in elliptical groups to 1 cm long or often seriately arranged in groups to at least 2 cm long, subepidermal in origin but not deep seated, yellowish to about cinnamon-brown; spores (22-)25-31(-35) x (18-)22-25(-28) m, mostly obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, echinulate with echinulae spaced (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) m, echinulae absent or with few and shorter around each pore, golden-brown to cinnamonbrown when mature, pores 2, equatorial in slightly flattened sides, with inconspicuous or no colorless caps (Cummins and Pollack, 1974). Uredo nigropunctata P. Hennings, see SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder. UREDO NOCIVIOLA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 18: 144. 1926. TYPE on Cyperus distans Linnaeus f. from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, 24 May 1922, Holway-1877. (ANpe). On Cyperaceae. Cyperus distans Linnaeus f., So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 144). Cyperus cayennensis (Lamarck) Britton, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 144). Uredo nociviola has been reported also from Colombia and the West Indies. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Sori on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 1-3 mm long, oblong or linear, long covered by the epidermis which usually opens by one longitudinal fissure, spore mass cinnamon-brown, spores small (18-22 x 15-16 m), walls 1.5-2 m thick, very finely verrucose, more strongly in the distal part of the spore, pores 2, supraequatorial (Jackson, 1926). Uredo notata Arthur, see CROSSOPSORA NOTATAE (Arthur & J. R. Johnston) Arthur. Uredo novissimus Spegazzini, see UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini. Uredo ochracea Dietel, see UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke. UREDO ONCIDII P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 41: (15). 1902. TYPE on Oncidium lanceanum from Brazil, Par, 1899, Huber-26. = Uredo aurantiaca Montimartini, Atti Ist. Bot. Pavia, N. Ser. 8: 101. plate 4. 1902. On Orchidaceae. Oncidium lanceanum, Par (Hennings 1902: (15). Oncidium lietzei Regel, Minas Gerais (Vigas & Teixeira, 1945: 50; IAC-5041. Oncidium varicosum, So Paulo (PUR-F8846). Oncidium sp., Brasil (PUR-F88445, -F9788). The United States Department of Agriculture's National Fungus Collection data base records about 100 specimens under the name Uredo oncidii, almost entirely from interceptions made by plant quarantine inspectors. Specimens have originated from Mexico, Central America, Islands in the Caribbean, and South America. Usually only the country name is recorded, not a specific location within a country. Cummins (1960) did not discuss Uredo oncidii when he described Puccinia oncidii on Oncidium sp. which also came from a customs intercept from Mexico. The two are probably not related. The Sydows (1924) reported Uredo oncidii as having sori on both sides of leaves on blackish brown spots, the sori 0.5-1 mm wide, of variable size, irregular and confluent, more or less numerous, covered by the pale epidermis, then opening by a minute central pore, orange, spores 22-30 x 15-22 m, ovoid to ellipsoid, loosely echinulate, more so at the apex, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, yellow or yellowish brown, pores obscure. Uredo operculinae Arthur, see UREDO LAETICOLOR Arthur. Uredo oxalidis Lveill, see PUCCINIA OXALIDIS Dietel & Ellis. Uredo pachystegia Dietel, see UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway.

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Uredo palaquii P. Hennings, see MARAVALIA PALAQUII (Cummins) Y. Ono . Uredo palicureae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES PSCHOTRIAE P. Hennings. UREDO PALLIDUSCULA Spegazzini, Revista Mus. La Plata 15 (ser. 2, v. 2): 9. 1908. TYPE on ? Coleus sp., Labiatae, from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, Uredo palliduscula has been reported only from the type. The idedntification of the host and rust needs to be confirmed. Coleus is a paleotropical genus but some species are widely cultivated as ornamental foliage plants. Uredo panamensis Arthur, see PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur. Uredo panici P. Hennings, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. Uredo panici-maximi Rangel, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. Uredo paraguayensis Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM PARAGUAYENSIS Spegazzini. Uredo paranensis Pennington, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 53: 269. 1902. Reported on Mogiphanes glauca, Amaranthaceae, Argentina, Island in Rio Paran (Pennington, 1902: 269). Lindquist (1983) reported that Uredo paranensis is probably an anamorph of Uromyces platensis Spegazzini and the host is probably Pfaffia sp. Uredo paranensis was reported mistakenly as from Brazil in the original Index. . Uredo parthenii Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA PARTHENII Arthur. Uredo paspalicola P. Hennings, see PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Mains) Buritic & Hennen. Uredo paspali-perrottetii P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. PANICI-SANGUINALIS (Rangel) Ramachar & Cummins. Uredo paulensis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth. UREDO PAULISTANA Spegazzini, Revista Mus. La Plata 15: 10. 1908. TYPE on Acalypha sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo, date not reported, Uster s.n. Uredo paulistana has been reported only from the type and the original description by Spegazzini. The identification of this rust and host needs to be confirmed. Uredo pavida H. S. Jackson & Holway, see PHAKOPSORA PAVIDA Buritic & Hennen. Uredo peckoltiae H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see CROSSOPSORA ASCLEPIDIACEAE Buritic & Hennen Uredo peperomiae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA PEPEROMIAE Lindquist. UREDO PERIBEBUYENSIS Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 123. 1884. TYPE on Monnina sp., Polygalaceae, from Paraguay, Cordillera de Peribebuy, 2 April 1883, Balansa-3772. On Polygalaceae. Polygala sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F8944). Uredo persicae Spegazzini, see TRANZSCHELIA DISCOLOR Transzchel & Litvinow. Uredo pezizaeformis De-Toni in Saccardo, see DICHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur.

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Uredo phyllanthi P. Hennings, see Milesia phyllanthi (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen [PHAKOPSORA ULEI (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen]. Uredo piperinum (Sydow) Berndt et al., see Malupa piperinum (Sydow) P Buritic Hennen (CROSSOPSORA PIPERIS Berndt et al.). Uredo piperis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA PEPEROMIAE Lindquist. Uredo pitanga Spegazzini, see PUCCCINIA PSIDII Winter. UREDO PITHECOLOBII P. Hennings (sic), Hedwigia 34: 98. 1895. TYPE on Pithecellobium sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Gois: "ditione fluv. Corumba", Oct 1892, Ule-1954. Uredo pithecollobii has been reported only from the type. Sori on deformed stems, powdery; spores 18-25 x 12-18 m, variable in shape, subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoid, piriform, to oblong; wall 1-1.5 m thick, densely minutely echinulate-verrucose, pale yellow brown, germ pores 4, distinct, equatorial (P. & H. Sydow, 1924). Uredo pluchiae Sydow, see PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins. Uredo polymniae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES POLYMNIAE Dietel & Holway. Uredo polypogonis Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA POLYPOGONIS Spegazzini. Uredo pontederiae Spegazzini, see UROMYCES PONTEDERIAE Gerard. Uredo proeminens DeCandolle, Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Lveill., Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Passerini., see UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck. UREDO PSYCHOTRIICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 321. 1895. TYPE on Psychotria sp. from Brazil, Gois: place not reported, Feb 1893, Ule-s.n. (?/?,IIpe/?). On Rubiaceae ? Ixora sp., Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F15205). Palecourea sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:305). Psychotria sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895B: 321); Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 256; Jackson, 1832: 100), So Paulo (Hennings, 1908B: 2; Jackson, 1932: 100). Uredo psychotriicola has been reported also from Peru. A specimen reported under this name from The Phillipines requires confirmation. See Puccinia palicoureae which is probably the teleomorph. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Sori 0.15-0.35 mm across, scattered or grouped on indeterminate yellowish or brownish spots on the adaxial side of leaves, urediniospores 24-30 x 18-25 m, subgloboid, ellipsoid to ovoid, the wall about 2 m thick, echinulate, colorless to pale yellowish, germ pores obscure (H. & P. Sydow, 1924). A specimen of Puttemans-1264 from So Paulo, Serra da Cantareira, 30 April (or ?May) 1905 had sori abaxial, long surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, golden brown, spores 30-33(-39) x 23-28 m, wall (1.5)2-2.5 m, and spines (2.5-)3-4(-5) m apart, and prominent. Uredo puttemansii P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Host is not Leguminosae as first reported. Uredo rectangulata F.G. Albuquerque, as retangulata, see CEROTELIUM RECTANGULATA Buritic & Hennen. UREDO REISSEKIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 5: 356. 1907. TYPE on Reissekia smilacina

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Endlicher (reported originally as Reissekia cordifolia, Rhamnaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: "Venda das Pedras", 7 Jan 1897, F. Noack-510. Uredo reissekiae has been reported only from the type. New collections are required to verify the nature of this rust. Sori on minute spots 1-3 mm in diameter on the abaxial side of leaves, spores 16-25 x 12-18 m, subgloboid to ellipsoid, wall ca 1.5 m thick, finely echinulate, yellowish-colorless, germ pores obscure. (P. & H. Sydow, 1924). Uredo rhombica Spegazzini see KIMUROMYCES CERRADENSIS Dianese et al. Uredo rochaei Puttemans, see PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter. Uredo rollinaiae Dale, specimens from Amap ? and MG.? Uredo roupalae Cummins, see KIMUROMYCES CERRADENSIS Dianese et al. Uredo rubida Arthur & Holway, see PUCCINIA ERIANTHICOLA Cummins. UREDO SALVIAE Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 36. 1897. TYPE on Salvia sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, April 1891, Ule-1720. On Labiatae Salvia sp., Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 36). Salvia paranensis Dusen, Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 72). Uredo salviae has been reported only from the two collection cited above. Sori scattered on adaxial side of leaves, sometimes in circular groups, 0.5 -1 mm in diameter, cinnamon-brown; spores 20-25 x 18-22 m, globoid, ovoid, to broadly elipsoid; walls 2-3 m thick, evenly echinulate, chestnut-brown, germ pores 2-3 (P. & H. Sydow, 1924). Joerstad (1959) reports somewhat different traits in his material: spores 20-24 x 18-19 m, obovoid or ellipsoid, wall about 1.5 m thick, light brown, sparsely but strongly echinulate, spines 3-4 m apart, about 2 m long and conical, with 2 equatorial or subequatorial pores. Uredo sapotacearum P. Hennings, see UREDO CONFLUENS P. Hennings. Uredo scopigena P. Hennings, see UROMYCES MEGALOSPERMUS Spegazzini. Uredo sebastianae Winter, see MARAVALIA SEBASTIANAE Lindquist. UREDO SECLUSA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 484. 1931. TYPE on Myrtaceae, species undetermined, Brazil, So Paulo: Villa Prudente, 31 May 1922, Holway-1925. (?/?,II/?). Uredo seclusa has been reported only from the type and Horto Florestal at Mogi-Mirim, So Paulo. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, or more commonly gregarious on small purplish spots, small, irregularly circular in outline, cinnamon brown, tardily naked, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; urediniospores 24-32 x 15-20 m, somewhat irregularly ellipsoid or obovoid,; wall 1 m or less thin, cinnamon-brown, moderately and finely echinulate, the pores two or three, super-equatorial. This Uredo is very distinct from the uredinia stage of Puccinia psidii Wint. and appears to differ from any previously described (Jackson, 1931). Uredo solenioides P. Hennings, see Dicheirinia solenioides Cummins (DICHEIRINIA ULEANAE Hennen & Cummins). Uredo smilacis Schweinitz, see PUCCINIA SMILACIS Schweinitz. UREDO SP. on Dipteryx sp., Leguminosae, from Mogi-Mirim has not been named. Dianese has it in her

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thesis. UREDO SP. on Platymiscium floribundum Vogel, Leguminosae, from Serra da Cantarerra, N of City of Sao Paulo, 82-168, IBI-14099, Sori mostly scattered on small pale brown spots on abaxial side of leaflets, sometimes circular, , ruptured epidermis obvious around slowly erumpent sori, ;paraphyses numerous, peripheral, short; wall greatly thickened, knob-like, and slightly incurved at apex, colorless; spores very small, 8-9(-9.5) x 6.5-7.5 m, broadly ellipsoid, wall ca 0.5 m thick, pale tan, echinulate, spines short, ca 0.5-1 m apart UREDO SPARGANOPHORI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 160. 1904. TYPE on Sparganophorus vaillantii Gaertner (Struchium), Compositae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Santa Clara, Oct 1900, Ule-2945. (?/?,II/?). Uredo sparganophori has been reported from Brazil only from the type collection. Urban (1973) reported this species also from The West Indies. Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia irregularly scattered or grouped on both leaf surfaces, without noticeable leaf spots, long-covered by the epidermis (diutius tectis), 0.25-0.50 mm diam., round, dark yellow; uredeiniospores 24-34 x 18-25 m, variable in shape, mostly ellipsoid, ovoid, to piriform, rarely subgloboid; wall 1.5-2 m thick, loosely echinulate, light yellow-brown; pores obscure. (the Sydows, Monogr. Ured. 4: 398. 1924). Uredo spegazzini De Toni, see UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke. Uredo spinulosa Dietel, see UROMYCES BRASILIENSIS Trotter. Uredo stevensiana Arthur, see PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Mains) Buritic & Hennen. Uredo striolata Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA MACROPODA Spegazzini. Uredo stylosanthis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA STYLOSANTHIS Vigas. Uredo subhyalina Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11: 483. 1889. On Desmodium sp., Leguminosae, from So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1889: 483). Not a rust but Synchytrium sp., a fungus often confused for a rust because of the superfically similar sori and yellow spores. Uredo subneurophila Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 123. 1884. This is PELASTOMA SYNNEMATIS Hennen & Figueiredo, ined., on Apocynaceae. Uredo syntherisme Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhard. Uredo tacita Arthur, see UROMYCES PEGLERIAE Pole-Evans. Uredo telantherae Vigas, see PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur. UREDO TENEBROSA H. S. Jackson in Jackson, Mycologia 18: 160. 1926. TYPE on Iridaceae, species undetermined, from Bazil, Paran: Curitiba, 20 June 1922, Holway-1976. (?/?,II/?). Uredo tenebrosa has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Sori on both sides of leaves, scattered or occasionally confluent lengthwise, intercostal, on purplish spots, elliptic or linear, 0.5-1.5 mm long, tardely naked, chestnut-brown, pulverulent, long covered by the epidermis which ruptures along one side; spores 24-30 x 20-24 m, obovoid, wall 2.5-3.5 m thick, cinnamon- to chestnut-brown, finely and rather sparingly echinulate, pores 3-4, equatorial (Jackson, 1926).

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UREDO TEPHROSIICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 163. 1904. TYPE on Tephrosia sp. from Peru, "Pompas bei Tarapoto", January 1902, Ule-3226. On Leguminosae. Tephrosia toxicaria Persoon, Serra do Mel, Rio Branco (Sydow, 1916: 72). Uredo tephrosiicola has been reported only from the two reports listed above, one from Peru and one from Brazil. At least seven species of Ravenelia parasitize Tephrosia spp. and probably Uredo tephrosiicola is an anamorph of a Ravenelia sp. Sori on both sides of leaves, in groups or scatterd, minute, 0.25 mm in diameter, yellow-brown to pale brown, covered by the epidermis at first, finally rupturing and remaining around the sori, spores 20-28 x 15-24 m, subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoid to oblong, wall about 2 m thick, echinulate, yellow to pale yellow brown, with 4 equatorial germ pores (P. & H. Sydow, 1924). Uredo teramni Mayor, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen (PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE (Arthur) Arthur). Uredo terminaliae P. Hennings, see UREDO BYRSONIMATIS P. Hennings. Uredo tessariae Spegazzini, see UROMYCES MEGALOSPERMUS Spegazzini. Uredo tijucae H. S. Jackson & Holway, see Milesia tijucae (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen (PHAKOPSORA TIJUCAE Buritic & Hennen). UREDO TORULINI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 44: 57. 1905. TYPE on Cyperus ferax L.C. Richard (Torulinium confertum Desv.), Cyperaceae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Bom Fim, Nov 1900, Ule-3078. Uredo torulini has been reported also from Colombia. Sori on both sides of leaves but mainly on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-1(-2) mm long, scattered, in groups, or seriate, often confluent, surrounded by or partially concealed from view by the ruptured epidermis, powdery, reddish-brown; urediniospores 16-22 x 13-18 m, subglobose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, wall 2 m thick, loosely and minutely verrucose-echinulate, brown, pores 2, equatorial (H. & P. Sydow, 1924). UREDO TRICHILIAE Arthur, Mycologia 9: 90. 1917. TYPE on Trichillia pallida Swartz from Puerto Rico, Maricao along Rio Grande, 24 March 1916, Whetzel and Olive-63. (?/?,II/?). On Meliaceae. Trichiilia pallida Swartz (= Trichilia weddellii C. DeCandolle), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 306). Uredo trichiliae has also been reported from Trinidad. Specimens in BPI identified as Uredo trichiliae are also from Venezuela and Costa Rica. Spermogonia, aecia and telia unknown. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, soon naked, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis evident, bright yellow, numerous, caulicolous, on etiolated shoots, on the midrib and veins, 0.5-3.5 mm long, oblong or linear, peridium and paraphyses none, urediniospores 16-23 x 13-15 m, borne singly on pedicels, obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m, closely and finely echinulate, colorless or nearly so, the pores obscure (Arthur, (1917). From Brazil, Uredo trichiliae has been reported only from the one collection by Thurston. Uredo tuberculata Spegazzini, see PROSPODIUM TUBERCULATUM (Spegazzini) Arthur. Uredo uleana Dietel, see PUCCINIA HETEROPTERIDIS Thuemen. UREDO ULEI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 44: 58. 1905. Nom. nov. for Uredo bauhiniae P. Hennings. Uredo bauhiniae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 162. 1904. LECTOTYPE on Bauhinia sp. (Leguminosae) from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-Miry, August 1901, E. Ule-2685. Not Uredo bauhiniae Berkeley & Curtis, 1858. Uredo ulei has been reported only from the lectotype listed above.

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Spermogonia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia on pale yellowish to pale brownish spots 2-4 mm across on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, sori 0.3-0.5mm across, pale yellowish, usually confluent in groups, spores 16-23 x 14-19 m, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulae short, germ pores obscure (Sydow, P. & H. Sydow, 1924: 471). Probably the paraphyses reported by Hennings (1904) were an error. The pale yellow sori and spores of Uredo ulei indicate that it is probably an anamorph of a Maravalia species. The Sydows (1924) reported that the host of the lectotype is Bauhinia splendentis and that the second specimen listed by Hennings (1905) as Uredo bauhiniae (from Peru, Yurimaguas, August 1902, E. Ule-3225) does not belong to Uredo ulei. See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. Uredo uviferae Sydow, see Malupa uvifera (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen on Coccoloba sp, Polygonaceae, under CEROTELIUM COCCOLOBAE. UREDO VALENTULA H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 469. 1931. TYPE on Croton sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Teresopolis, 15 Oct 1921, Holway-1221. (0/Ipe,IIpe/?). Uredo valentula has been reported only from the type. The name, Uredo valentula, applies to both aecia ("primary uredinia") and uredinia ("secondary uredinia"). Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, in small compact groups 0.3-0.8 mm across, subcuticular in origin, flattened, 88-115 x 38-64 m; aecia on both sides of leaves, more commonly on the abaxial side of leaves, in more or less circular groups 0.5-1.5 mm wide surronuding the spermogonia, or more elongate to 5 mm or more if along vein, cinnamon-brown, early erumpent, ruptured epidermis noticeable, powdery, uredinia mainly on the adaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm across, otherwise like the aecia; aecio- and urediniospores 25-31 x 15-18 m, obovate, broadly ellipsoid, or occasionally pyriform, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, apical wall 3-5.5 m, colorless or slightly tinted, sparsely and rather strongly echinulate, pores 3, slightly supra-equatorial. Telia unknown. (Jackson, 1931). A teleomorph connection, when discovered, will probably be Phakopsora. Uredo varia Dietel, see PUCCINIA VARIA Arthur. Uredo venustula Arthur, see PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter. Uredo vernoniae Mayor, see Uredo pachystegiae Dietel (UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway). Uredo viciae-fabae Persoon, see UROMYCES VICIAE-FABAE Schroeter. Uredo vicosiana Thurston, see COLEOSPORIUM IPOMOEAE Burrill. UREDO VIGASII Joerstad, Arkiv fr Botanik ser. 2, 4: 83. 1959. TYPE on Adiantum subcordatum Swartz from Brazil, state?: Serra Grande, date?, Pohl-s.n. On Polypodiaceae. Adiatum subcordatum Swartz, So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 89; Joerstad, 1959: 82; IBI-13859). Uredo vigasii has been reported only from Brazil. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, suberpidermal in origin, tardily erumpent, 0.3-1 x 0.2-0.4 mm, without a peridium, yellowish- or cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 32-38 x 31-34 m, broadly obovoid to ssubgloboid, wall 2.5-4.5(?-8) m thick, densely echinulate, yellowish, pores 8-10, scattered (Vigas, 1945; Joerstad, 1959). Faull (1947) reported this species as the teleomorph genus Hyalopsora sp from Brazil on the same host, but without reporting teliospores or specimen data (Joerstad, 1959). Uredo vignae Bresadola, see Malupa vignae (Bresadola) Ono, Buritic & Hennen (PHAKOPSORA

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MEIBOMIAE Arthur). Uredo vilis (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) J. W. Baxter, see RAVENELIA CEBIL Spegazzini. Uredo viticis Juel, see OLIVEA VITICIS Ono & Hennen. Uredo viticis-polygamae P. Hennings, see OLIVEA VITICIS Ono & Hennen. Uredo yurimaguasensis P. Hennings, see SPHENOSPORA SMILACINA H. Sydow. Uredo wittmackiana P. Hennings & Klitzing, see SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANA Linder. Uredo zizyphi-vulgaris P. Hennings, see PHAKOPSORA ZIZYPHI-VULGARIS Dietel. Uredo zorniae Dietel, see PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini var. OFFUSCATA (Arthur) Cummins. UREDOPELTIS P. Hennings, Ann. Mus. Congo Belga 2: 223. 1908. TYPE SPECIES, Uredopeltis congensis Hennings, Ann. Mus Congo Belga 2: 223. 1908. On Markhamia sp., Bignoniaceae, from Congo, Dembo, Aug 1906, H. Vanderyst s.n. Phakopsoraceae. Spermogonmia and aecia unknown. Uredinia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, paraphyses peripheral, united basally, incurved, Calidion-type; urediniospores appear sessile in mature sori, but borne singly on inconspicuus intercalary disjunctor cells, echinulate, pores scattered or equatorial. Telia subepidermal in origin, strongly erumpent as cushion-like or irregularly globoid masses, teliospores 1-celled, without pedicels, sometimes appearing in vertical rows, laterally adherent in irregular layers several spores deep. Traits that may help identifyUredopeltis include: telia subepidermal in origin, early erumpent, sometimes appearing superficial, pulvinate to globoid, often irregular in form, blackish, irregularly scattered, often with peripheral paraphyses, and composed of one-celled, adherent, ellipsoidal or polygonal teliospores, these in several irregularly arranged, layers and rows; teliospore walls usually thickened, and pigmented. The telia are reminescent of those of the genera Dasturella, and Kweilingia. Some species of Phakopsora are similar except they are subepidermal and not erumpent. Buritic (1998) reported two species from the Western Hemisphere, the one listed below and U. dominicana on Croton sp., Euphorbiaceae, from Mexico and the Dominican Republic. Before Buritic's report of the two species in the Neotropics, only the type species was known. UREDOPELTIS GUETTARDAE Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 22: 329. 1998. TYPE on Guettarda viburnoides Chamisso & Schlechtendal from Brazil, Gois: 18 kms SW of Jata, hwy 364, 18 July 1988, J. F. Hennen, M. W. Hennen & R. M. Lopez-F.-IBI-16685. (?/?,IIse/III). Anamorph Physopella guettardae Buritic & Hennen in Buritic, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 22: 329. 1998. TYPE, same specimen as for the teleomorph. On Rubiaceae Guettarda vibernoides Chamisso & Schlechtendal, Gois, Sao Paulo (Buritic, 1998: 329). Uredopeltis guettardae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, hymenium flat; paraphyses basally subtending and peripheral, 29-34 x 6-8 m, slightly curved, wall irregularly thickened 1-3 m, colorless to yellowish; urediniospores 19-24 x 16-18 m, kidneyshaped, wall evenly about 1 m thick, finely echinulate, but with a large smooth spot on the concave side, colorless to pale brown, pores 2, equatorial near the edge of the smooth spot. Telia usually in old uredinia, teliospores 20-25 x 13-15 m, obovoid to ellipsoid, wall thickened apically 2-4 m, germ pore not seen; many spores united in irregular rows 4-5(-6) spores high, 9-11 spores across, the irregularly globoid mass strongly erumpent (Buritic & Hennen, 1998).

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UREDOSTILBE Buritic & Hennen ( anamorph), Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 19: 49. TYPE SPECIES Uredostilbe pistila Buritic & Hennen, on Annona nolosericea Safford, Annonaceae, from Honduras. Uredostilbe is characterized by sori that are surrounded by a single layer of long, straight paraphyses that are loosely united laterally to form a cylindrical, palisade-like structure. Spores are sessile with echinulate walls and sporogenous cells have a distal collar. Uredostilbe crucis-filii Buritic, see BATISTOPSORA CRUCIS-FILII Dianese et al.

UROMYCES (Link) Unger, nom. cons.

See Laundon (1965A) for details about the typification of Uromyces. In its modern usage Uromyces is characterized by pedicellate one-celled teliospores, with or without a single visible germ pore. Its spermogonia are classified as the same type as in Puccinia. In fact, except for the one-celled teliospores, in theory Uromyces is the same as Puccinia. Arthur (1922) reported that Uromyces is a "form genus" that he defined as "Species whose life-cycle is not known, or is not readly assumed from related forms...These genera do not represent the whole cycle of development, and are not based upon type species" Later, he abandoned this usage in favor of using Uromyces as a teleomorph genus. Almeida (1975, 1976, 1977) revised about 35 taxa of Brazilian species of Uromyces that parasitize species of Leguminosae and developed the following key. Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Leguminosae in Brazil based on uredinia and telia Section A 1. Teliospores smooth (2) 1. Teliospores ornamented Section B 2. Teliospores verrucose Section C 2. Teliospores reticulate Section A. Teliospores smooth (2) 1. Urediniospores with constant number of germ pores (6) 1. Urediniospores with variable number of germ pores l. U. belemensis (Ormosia). 2. Urediniospores germ pore 1 near the hilum; not distinct (3) 2. Urediniospores germ pores 2 (5) 3. Germ pores equatorial or slightly above the equator, with caps 3. Germ pores slightly below the equator, without caps, wall smooth around pores, spores obtrianguloid or (4) obovoid in side view, broadly globoid in top view 4. Sori with paraphyses in hymenium, 25-30 x 1.5-2.5 m, clavate at apex. Urediniospores (23-25 (-27) x(-21)23(-25) m, obtrianguloid or obovoid in side view, broadly globoid in top view [rhomboid, obovoid, to globose], wall (1-)1.5 m thick, echinulate (but with small smooth areas around pores), pores 2, slightly subequatorial or equatorial, without caps. Teliospores 25-)35(-41) x (9-)12(-17) m, oblong, ellipsoid to fusiform, wall 0.5-1 m thick at sides, 1.5-4 m at apex, smooth, colorless (Rezende & Dianese, 2003). 2. U. galactiae (Galactia, Clitoria) 4. Sori without paraphyes, urediniospores (19-)23-25(-28) x (18-)20-23(-25) m, obtrianguloid or obovoid in side view, broadly globoid in top view, wall 1-1.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate except around the pores, germ pores 2, slightly below the equator, without caps. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, sometimes associated with veins, compact, pulvinate, yellow-brown, later grayish; teliospores (25-)29-38(-41) x (10-)12-18(-19) m, mostly fusiform or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick at sides, 1.5-4 m at apex, smooth, pale yellowish; pedicel short, to length of spore, less frequently to 60 m long, colorless, slender (Almeida, 1975). 3. U. neurocarpi (Clitoria, Centrosema). 5. Germ pores equatorial or slightly above the equator, indistinct; teliospores mostly with few to many 4. U. appendiculatus var. appendiculatus (Phaseolus, Vigna). verrucae, rarely smooth. 5. Germ pores slightly above the equator, distinct; teliospores mostly smooth, rarely with few 4A. U. appendiculatus var. brasiliensis (Phaseolus). inconspicuous verrucae.

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5. U. lathyrinus(Lathyrus, Vicia). 6. Urediniospores germ pores (5)6-8, scattered. (7) 6. Urediniospores germ pores 2-5 7. Germ pores (3)4(5) equatorial or nearly equatorial, less frequently scattered, or with 3-4 equatorial and 1 6. U. viciae-fabae (Lens, Vicia). at apex; teliospores smooth. 7. Germ pores 2-3(4) equatorial or slightly above the equator; teliospores with few to many verrucae or 7. U. trifolii var. trifolii (Trifolium). smooth. Section B. Teliospores verrucose (add Uromyces ipatingae on Clitoria fairchildiana) (2) 1. Uredinia formed (11) l. Uredinia unknown (3) 2. Uredinia paraphysate (4) 2. Uredinia aparaphysate 3. Urediniospores germ pores 4-5, equatorial or approximately equatorial, or less frequently with 3-4 equatorial or approximately equatorial and 1 near or at apex.. 8. U. unionensis (Desmodium). 9. U. hedysari-paniculati (Desmodium). 3. Urediniospores germ pores (3)4-7(8), scattered. (5) 4. Urediniospores germ pores 2 (7) 4. Urediniospores germ pores variable in number 5. Germ pores equatorial or slightly above the equator, indistinct; teliospores mostly with few to many verrucae, rarely smooth 3. U. appendiculatus var. appendiculatus (Phaseoulus, Vigna). (6) 5. Germ pores slightly above the equator, distinct 6. Teliospores mostly smooth, rarely with few inconspicuous .4. U. appendiculatus var. brasiliensis (Phaseolus). 6. Teliospores appearing smooth but actually verrucose, verrucae numerous, distributed evenly or irregularly throughout the surface of spore and umbo. 10. U. bradburyae (Centrosema). (8) 7. Germ pores equatorial or slightly above the equator (9) 7. Germ pores scattered 11. U. striatus (Medicago). 8. Germ pores (2)3-4(5); teliospores verrucose-striate. 8. Germ pores 2-3(4); teliospores with few to many verrucae or smooth 7. U. trifolii var. trifolii (Trifolium). 9. Urediniospores with 6-8, mostly 8, germ pores; teliospores verrucose-echinulate 12. U. crotalariae (Crotalaria). (10) 9. Urediniospores with 3-8 germ pores 13. U. pisi (Pisum). 10. Germ pores 3-6; teliospores densely and minutely verrucose. 10. Germ pores 4-8, mostly 6-8; teliospores sparsely and strongly verrucose .14. U. anthyllidis (Lupinus). 11. Teliospores varying from verrucose, with irregular warts sometimes variously united or arranged to form a kind of labyrinth, to irregularly reticulate 15. U. orbicularis (on Desmodium). 11. Teliospores minutely and inconspicuously verrucose, appearing smooth. 16. U. nerviphilus [trifolii-repentis (on Trifolium). Section C. Teliospores reticulate (2) 1. Uredinia unknown (6) 1. Uredinia formed 2. Teliospores varying from verrucose, with irregular warts sometimes variously united or arranged to form a kind of labyrinth, to irregularly reticulate 15. U. orbicularis (on Desmodium). (3). 2. Teliospores not as above 3. Teliospores minutely reticulate, with meshes about 0.51.5 m diam (4). (5). 3. Teliospores with larger meshes 4. Teliospores pale brown, slightly and minutely reticulate, appearing smooth, with meshes about 0.5-1 m diam; pedicel mostly to 80-100 m long. 17. U. goyazensis (on Bauhinia). 4. Teliospores golden or light cinnamon-brown, minutely and uniformly reticulate, with meshes about 1-1.5 m diam; pedicel usually breaking near the hilum, rarely to about 80 m long 18. U. floralis(on Bauhinia). 5. Telia on flowers, without spots, 3-10 mm long; teliospores 18-25 x 18-22 m, mostly without a papilla 19. U. anthemophilus (on Bauhinia). at apex; wall 3-3.5 m thick at sides 5. Telia on leaves, minute, with brown spots, 1-5 mm diam, teliospores (15-)18-22(-24) x (13-)16-18(-20)

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20. U. viegasii (on Bauhinia). m, with a papilla at apex; wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides (7) 6. Uredinia paraphysate (8) 6. Uredinia aparaphysate 7. Urediniospores with 4-5 equatorial or approximately equatorial, or less frequently with 3-4 equatorial or 8. U. unionensis (on Desmodium). approximately equatorial and 1 near or at apex germ pores 9. U. hedysari-paniculati (on Desmodium). 7. Urediniospores with (3)4-7(8) scattered germ pores (9) 8. Teliospores with wall bilaminate (10) 8. Teliospores with wall single 9. Teliospores distinctly and uniformly reticulate with meshes to about 2-2.5 m diam; outer wall distinct, sometimes thicker at apex but without an umbo; pedicel usually breaking near the hilum 21. U. bauhiniae (on Bauhinia). 9. Teliospores reticulate, with meshes variable in shape and size, to about 2-2.5 p diam; outer wall not dis tinct, mostly with an umbo at apex; pedicel to about 20-25 m long, basally rugose .22. U. foveolatus (on Bauhinia). (11) 10. Teliospores with a broad and distinct papilla or corona at apex (15) 10. Teliospores not as above (12) 11. Urediniospores with constant number of germ pores (13) 11. Urediniospores with variable numbers of germ pores 12. Urediniospores 16-23 x 16-20 m, conspicuously echinulate, with 4 germ pores; teliospores 23. U. regius(on Bauhinia). reticulate with meshes variable in shape and size 12. Urediniospores 24-28 x 18-21 u, sparsely echinulate, with 3 germ pores; teliospores 24. U. peraffinis (on Bauhinia). indistinctly and minutely reticulate 13. Teliospores wall 3-3.5 m thick at sides; urediniospores with 4, rarely 5, germ pores. 25. U. perlebiae (on Bauhinia). (14) 13. Teliospores wall 1.5-3 P thick at sides 14. Telia scattered; teliospore wall 1.5-2.5 }z thick at sides; urediniospores with (3)4-5, rarely 6 or 7, equatorial or nearly equatorial germ pores 26. U. dietelianus var. dietelianus (on Bauhinia). . 14. Telia or uredinia mostly arranged linearly along or on the veins; teliospore wall 2-3 m thick at sides; urediniospores with 3-4, rarely 2, 5 or 6, equatorial germ pores. 27. U. dietelianus var. nervicola (on Bauhinia). 15. Urediniospores with 4 germ pores; teliospores yellow-brown, 18-22 x 16-18 m, minutely 28. U. hemmendorfii (on Bauhinia). reticulate (16) 15. Urediniospores with variable numbers of germ pores 16. Urediniospores with 4-5 equatorial or approximately equatorial, rarely 4 equatorial and 1 at apex germ pores, 22-29 x 20-24 u, conspicuously echinulate; teliospores pale yellow to golden brown, 17-22 x 15-20 m, wall 2-3 m thick at sides 29. U. vicosensis (on Bauhinia). (17) . 16. Urediniospores mostly with 3-4 germ pores 17. Teliospores (18-)20-24 x (15-)18-22 u; wall 2.5-4 m thick at sides; pedicel to 60-80 m, rarely to 100 30. U. castaneus (on Desmodium). m long 17. Teliospores 18-26 x 13-18 m; wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides; pedicel usually breaking near the hilum 18. Teliospores minutely reticulate, appearing minutely verrucose, with meshes to about 1 m diam; urediniospores with 3-4 equatorial or supraequatorial germ pores. 31. U. desmodiicola var. desmodiicola (on Desmodium). 18. Teliospores reticulate, with meshes to 1.5-2 m diam; urediniospores with 3(4), rarely 2, equatorial or slightly supraequatorial germ pores 32. U. desmodiicola var. desmodii (on Desmodium). UROMYCES ACTINOSTEMONIS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 470. 1931. TYPE on Actinostemon concolor (Spreng.) Mueller-Arg. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Gavea, 7 Sept 1921, Holway-1093. (Host identification?) (?/?,II/III). On Euphorbiaceae. Actinostemon concolor (Spreng.) Mueller-Arg. , Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 470; IBI-1729). Uromyces actinostemonis has been reported only from Brazil.

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Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, in groups 0.5-1.5 mm across, on discolored spots, occasionally locally systemic in actively growing tissues and then evenly distributed on all parts, sori 0.2-0.2 mm across, often confluent, tardily naked, ruptured epidermis noticeable, powdery, golden brown; urediniospores 15-19 x 12-14 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, finely and closely echinularte, slightly more prominent toward the upper half of spore; pores obscure. Teliospores in uredinia, 30 -40 x 12-20 m, obovoid or oblong, rounded above, rounded or somewhat narrowed below; wall 1 m or less thick, smooth, colorless, germinating without dormancy, no evidence of germ pore, pedicel short, colorless (Jackson, 1931). Uromyces aeruginosus Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini. Uromyces affines Winter, Hedwigia 24: 259. 1885. The TYPE of Uromyces affines Winter is on Nothoscordum sp. and the rust is UROMYCES PRIMAVERILIS. The host was mistakenly reported originally as Hypoxis erecta Linnaeus. The collection is from The United States of America, Missouri: Perryville, C. H. Demetrio s. n. All rusts reported to be UROMYCES AFFINIS Winter from Brazil are Uredo hypoxydis (Bresadola) P. Hennings. Uromyces albescens Sydow, see CHACONIA ALUTACEA Juel. UROMYCES ALSTROEMERIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 38: 248. 1899. TYPE on Alstroemeria sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra Itatiaya, 5 Dec 1896, Ule-2140. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo alstroemeriae P. Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 35. 1897. TYPE on Alstroemeria sp. from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Itabira do Campo, Feb 1892, Ule-1892. On Alstroemeriaceae (Amaryllidaceae). Alstroemeria aurantica D. Don, Brasil (Silveira, 1951: 29). Alstroemeria caryophyllea Jacquin, So Paulo (IAC-7383). Alstroemeria inodora Herberet, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 157; Laundon, 1965: 46). Alstroemeria isabellana Herbert, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 157). Alstroemeria nemorosa Herbert, Rio de Janeiro (Laundon, 1965: 46). Alstroemeria sp., Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 35), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899Aa: 67; Hennings, 1899: 248; Laundon, 1965:46), So Paulo (IBI-17408). Uromyces alstroemeriae has been reported also from Argentina and Chile. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, up to 1 mm in diameter, powdery, yellowish, irregularly scattered or in concentric groups up to 6 mm in diameter, urediniospores 23-29 x 20-26 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, yellowish, echinulate, pores 9-12, scattered. Telia like the uredinia but dark brown, semi stromatic, paraphyses yellow-brown, teliospores 25-36 x 20-28 m, spheroid or ellipsoid, often angular, wall 1-2 m thick at sides, 2-10 m above, smooth, yellow-brown, pedicel up to 20 m long, yellowish. (Laundon, 1965). Uromyces alstroemeriae has been known from Brazil since 1897 but only recently has it become economically important because of the relatively newly developed culture of the hosts as ornamental cut flowers. The flowers are long lasting and can be shipped long distances. New hybrids and varieties with beautiful flowers have been developed that utilize native species in their parentage. Under intensive cultivation in plastic houses and with irrigation the rust develops rapidly. Bright yellow sori develop abundantly and under heavy infections the flower production can be completely ruined. UROMYCES ANGURIAE H S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 101. 1932. TYPE on Anguria warmingiana Cogniaux from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis , 29 Dec 1921, Holway1432. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Cucurbitaceae. Anguria warmingiana Cogniaux, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 101; PUR-F3606; Silveiera, 1977: 41). Gurania pycnocephala Harms, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 306), Rio de Janeiro (Silveira, 1977: 41).

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Wilbrandia verticillata (Velloso) Cogn., Rio de Janeiro (Puttemans-1745). Uromyces anguriae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered or in groups, subcuticular in origin, slowly erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidernmis, 0.2-1 mm across, pulverulent, dull cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 24-28 x 18-21 m, ellipsoid to obovate, wall 1.5-2 m thick, minutely and sparsely echinulate, cinnamon-brown, pores 2, subequatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, 0.2-0.5 mm across, compact, often long covered by the epidermis, slowly erumpent, teliospores 30-38 x 24-27 m, subglobose or broadly ellipsoid, rounded below, obtuse or acute above, wall 2.5-4 m thick at sides, chestnut-brown, 6-12 m thick apically including a paler umbo over the pore, obscurely and very minutely verrucose-rugose, appearing, smooth, pedicel very short, colorless, and deciduous (Jackson, 1932). Uromyces poliotelis Sydow from Cost Rica is the only other rust species that has been reported on Anguria. Arthur & Cummins reported mistakenly the host of Puccinia anguriae as Anguria sp. but we determined it as an unidentified genus in the Sapindaceae and the rust as Puccinia arechavaletae. We have identified tentatively a collection, Puttemans-1745 recorded as on Wilbrandia verticillata from Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, as Uromyces anguriae: teliospores 42-48 x 25-30 m, irregularly broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, obtuse to acute above with a thick pale umbo, rounded below, wall two layered, the outer layer pale and thin but becoming thickened above into the large umbo, (8-)10-14 m above, 4-5 m on the sides, inner layer light chestnut-brown, outer layer pale, finely verrucose appearing smooth, pedicel thinwalled, usually broken off at less than 12 m or to 30-100 m long if unbroken. These measurements are larger than those reported by Jackson above. Key to help identify species of Uredinales on Cucurbitaceae in the Americas 1. Aecidium momordicae (Momordica, Brazil) 2. Puccinia cucumeris (Cucumis, Brazil) 3. Uromyces: the following key needs to be redone completely!! add Uromyces guraniae from Colombia Uromyces guraniae Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia(?) unknown. Urediniospores in telia, 19 26 x 15 - 19 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid, wall 1 - 1.5 m thick, yellowish or pale cinnamon-brown, moderately echinulate; pores 2, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaf, without spots, 1 - 1.5 mm across, scattered, to grouped, round, sometimes confluent, dark brown, soon erumpent powdery; teliospores 15 - 19 x 16 -24 m, globoid to ovoid, rounded or sometimes narrowed above; wall 2 - 2.5 m thick at sides, up to 7 m thick at apex, light brown but often darker aove, pore apical; pedicel up to 40 m long x 3 - 5 m wide, hyaline, persistent. (telial description after Mayer, 1913; uredinial description after Kern, et al., 1933) 1. Teliospore wall striate-verucose 1. Teliospolre wall smooth or finely verrucose 2. Teliospore apex papillate 2. Teliospore apex round or umbonate 3. Teliospore apex round, finely verrucose Uromyces corollocorpi. 3. Teliospore apex umbonate 4. Teliospore apex about 2-3 m thick, lateral wall 1 m or less Uromyces poliotelis. thick (Anguria, or ? Gurania, Costa Rica) 4. Teliospore apex thicker than 2.5 m 5. Teliospore pore normal in appearance, apex about Uromyces anguriae. 7-8 m thick (Anguria, Brazil) 5. Teliospore pore very prominent, extending to the central border of the spore Uromyces novissimus (Uromyces pentastriatus.) (Cayaponia, Brazil) Uromyces novissimus. (Cayaponia, Brazil)

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Uromyces ratus. UROMYCES ANTHEMOPHILUS Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 24. 1905. TYPE on Bauhinia longifolia D. Diedrick, (Leguminosae) from Brazil, Mato Grosso: Cuiab, 17 June 1902, G. Malme. (?/?,?/III). Uromyces anthemophilus has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. The species is probably microcyclic and the sori develop on flowers. Compared to Uromyces floralis the meshes of the reticulate teliospore walls are larger and the teliospores lack apical papillae. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia developed on flowers without spots, 3-10 mm long, pulverulent, dark brown; teliospores 18-25 x 18-22 m, globoid, subgloboid or ovoid, apex rounded, not or barely papillate, wall 3-3.5 m thick at sides, distinctly and regularly reticulate, pale brown; pedicel slender, colorless, deciduous (Almeida, 1975). Rusts on Bauhinia in Brazil Three teleomorph genera of rusts have been reported on Bauhinia world wide: Cerotelium bauhiniae Thirumalachar & Yadav from India, Maravalia bauhiniicola, reported only from Brazil, and Uromyces spp. Two unconnected species of the anamorph genus Uredo have been reported from Brazil. The report of Bauhinia as a host of Phakopsora bauhiniicola Ono, Buritic & Hennen is questionable. The host is probably Dioscorea sp. in the Dioscoreaceae. About 25 species of Uromyces have been reported to infect species of Bauhinia worldwide, one from India and Sri Lanka, four from tropical Africa, and the rest from the Neotropics. The following key is adapted mostly from Almeida (1975) who included 12 species of Uromyces on Bauhinia in his research on all Uromyces species reported on Leguminosae from Brazil. Rezende (1999) carefully reviewed and illustrated five species of Uromyces on Bauhinia from the Cerrado of Brazil (Rezende and Dianese, 2003). The identification of species is difficulat without both uredinia and telia available. Key to help identify rust fungi on Bauhinia in Brazil A. Sori pale yellowish or whitish, spore walls pale or colorless, urediniospore pores obscure, if teliospores formed, walls smooth Maravalia bauhiniicola B. Anamorph spores (19-)20-25(-26) m Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, in small groups or forming concentric rings, 0.2-0.8 mm diam, often confluent to 5 mm diam, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, pale yellow or whitish, urediniospores pedicellate, (19-)20-25(-26) m, subglobose, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, walls 1.5-2.5 m thick, evenly finely echinulate, colorless to pale yellow; germ pores obscure. Uredo ulei (probably an B. Anamorph spores 16-23 x 14-19 m anamorph of Maravalia) Uredinia on pale yellowish to pale brownish spots 2-4 mm across on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, sori 0.3-0.5mm across, pale yellowish, usually confluent in groups, spores 16-23 x 14-19 m, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulae short, germ pores obscure Uredo amazonensis B. Anamorph spores 22-35 x 18-23 m Uredinia on pale effused spots on abaxial side of leaves, sori 0.2-0.25mm across, rounded, yellow-brown, scattered or in loose groups, urediniospores 22-35 x 18-23 m, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate with long aculeae, yellow-brown, germ pores 3-4 A. Sori chestnut-brown or darker, urediniospore walls brownish, pores usually visible, teliospores if formed Uromyces (1) with walls sculptured, mostly reticulate (2) 1. Uredinia unknown , probably microcyclic (3) 2. Teliospores minutely reticulate, meshes about 0.5-1.5 m diam 3. Teliospores pale brown, slightly and minutely reticulate, appearing smooth, meshes about 0.5-1 m diam; pedicel mostly to 80-100 m long. Uromyces goyazensis 3. Teliospores golden or light cinnamon-brown, minutely and uniformly reticulate, meshes about 1-1.5 m diam; pedicel usually breaking near the hilum, rarely to Uromyces. floralis about 80 m long (4) 2. Teliospores reticulate with larger meshes

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4. Telia on flowers, without spots, 3-10 mm long; teliospores 18-25 x 18-22 m, mostly without a papilla at apex; wall 3-3.5 m thick at sides Uromyces. anthemophilus 4. Telia on leaves, minute, with brown spots, 1-5 mm diam, teliospores (15-)18-22(-24) x (13-)16-18(-20) m, with a papilla at apex; wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides Uromyces viegasii (5) 1. Uredinia formed, aparaphysate (6) 5. Teliospore walls bilaminate 6. Teliospores distinctly and uniformly reticulate, meshes to about 2-2.5 m diam; outer wall distinct, sometimes thicker at apex but without an umbo; pedicel usually Uromyces bauhiniae breaking near the hilum 6. Teliospores reticulate, meshes variable in shape and size, to about 2-2.5 m diam; outer wall not distinct, mostly with an umbo at apex; pedicel to about 20-25 m Uromyces foveolatus long, basally rugose (7) 5. Teliospore walls single (8) 7. Teliospores with a broad and distinct papilla or corona at apex (9) 8. Urediniospore germ pores a constant number 9. Urediniospores 16-23 x 16-20 m, conspicuously echinulate, with 4 germ pores;teliospores reticulate with meshes variable in shape Uromyces regius and size 9. Urediniospores 24-28 x 18-21 u, sparsely echinulate, with 3 germ pores; teliospores indistinctly and minutely reticulate Uromyces. peraffinis (10) 8. Urediniospore germ pores a variable number 10. Teliospore wall 3-3.5 m thick at sides; urediniospore germ pores Uromyces perlebiae 4, rarely 5 (11) 10. Teliospore walls 1.5-3 m thick at sides 11. Telia scattered; teliospore wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides; urediniospore germ pores (3)4-5, rarely 6 or 7, equatorial or nearly equatorial. Uromyces dietelianus var. dietelianus 11. Telia or uredinia mostly arranged linearly along or on the veins; teliospore wall 2-3 m thick at sides; urediniospore germ pores 3-4, rarely 2, 5 or 6, equatorial. Uromyces dietelianus var. nervicola 7. Teliospores not as above (12) 12. Urediniospore germ pores 4; teliospores yellow-brown, 18-22 x 16-18 m, Uromyces hemmendorfii minutely reticulate 12. Urediniospore germ pores variable in number Urediniospore germ pores 4-5, equatorial or approximately equatorial, rarely 4 equatorial and 1 at apex, 22-29 x 20-24 u, conspicuously echinulate; teliospores pale yellow to golden brown, 17-22 x 15-20 m, wall 2-3 m thick at sides Uromyces vicosensis

 UROMYCES ANTHYLLIDIS Schroeter, Hedwigia 14: 126. 1875. (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Uromyces renovatus Sydow, Monog. Ured. 2: 113. 1910. Anamorph Uredo anthyllidis Greville ex Berkeley, Smith, English Flora, 5 (2): 283. 1836. On Leguminosae. Lupinus albus L., Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 126; Almeida, 1975: 46), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 69, reported as Uromyces occidentalis but reidentified by Almeida). Uromyces anthyllidis has been reported from the New World also only from Argentina on cultivated Lupinus sp. (Lindquist, 1982), and more recently on Melilotus alba from the Argentine Chaco (Berndt, 2002).

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Spermogonia and aecia (not reported from the New World) resembling those of Uromyces pisi on Euphorbia spp. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered, minute, roundish, ruptured epidermis noticeable, powdery, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 16-25 m diam, mostly globoid or subgloboid, wall (1.5-)2-3 (3.5) m thick, golden-brown, finely echinulate, germ pores 4-8, mostly 6-8, scattered, with colorless, echinulate caps. Telia about chocolate-brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores 17-22 x 15-20 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall (l.5-)2-2.5(-3) m thick, about dark-brown, verrucose, with well developed and sparsely disposed verrucae, with no or a low, paler papilla at apex; pedicel colorless, thin-walled, breaking near the hilum (Almeida, 1975). Joerstad (1958) reported that the name Uromyces anthyllidis is for a collective species with many synonyms, and this name may not be valid for the collective species. But he did not report another name that should be used. We have not tried to include all of the synnonyms applied by European workers that are included in this collective species. In the Eastern Hemisphere the uredinial and telial phase has been recorded on at least sixteen genera of legumes (United States Department of Agriculture, National Fungus Collection Specimen Data Base) and its spermogonia and aecia have been reported on Euphorbia spp. Uromyces appelianus Gassner, see UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini. UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon:Persoon) Unger, Einfl. d. Bodens, p. 216. 1836. var. APPENDICULATUS. (0/Icv/IIpe/III). ' Uredo appendiculata Persoon. TYPE on Phaseolus vulgaris Linnaeus from Europe, date and locality not reported. Based on telia. ' Uromyces phaseoli (Persoon) Winter, Hedwigia 19: 37. 1880. TYPE same as for Uredo appendiculata above. ' Uromyces phaseoli (Persoon) Winter var. typica Arthur, Man. Rusts U.S. & Canada, p. 294. 1934. Anamorphs have not been named. On Leguminosae: Phaseolus caracalla Linnaeus, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 223; Almeida, 1975: 34). Phaseolus nanus ?, So Paulo (Hennings, 1902C: 105). Phaseolus ovatus Bentham, Rio Grande do Sul (Joerstad, 1959: 75; Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 126; Almeida 1975: 34). Phaseolus vulgaris Linnaeus , Bahia (Almeida, 1975: 34), Cear (Almeida: 34), Espirito Santo, (IBI-2848), Federal District (IBI-12506), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 307; Almeida, 1975: 34; IBI-2023), Paran (Almeida, 1975: 34; IBI-12157), Pernambuco (Pickel, 1936: 210; Almeida, 1975: 34), Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-9410), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 71, IAC2587). Phaseolus sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-15828); Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 351; IBI-1730), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 97), So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1889: 482; Sydow, 1907: 354). Uromyces appendiculatus has been reported to be circumglobal in nearly all areas woher the hosts are cultivated. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, in groups. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, in groups, peridium cupulate, whitish, margin erose; aeciospores mostly polygonoid-globoid, minutely verrucose, mostly 18-36 x 16-24 m, colorless. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown, on indistinct spots, scattered or in small groups, 0.2-1 mm across, soon naked, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; urediniospores mostly obovoid or broadly ellipsoid (18-)24-28(-32) x (18-)20-25(-28) m, wall 1-2 m golden-brown, echinulate, with 2 equatorial or slightly above the equator germ pores, indistinct when seen through the wall, caps smooth or rarely with echinulations. Telia on both sides of leaves, blackish brown, scattered or circinate around uredinia, early exposed, pulverulent; teliospores globoid, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, (24-)28-32(-35) x (19-)22-26(-29) m, wall 2.5-3.5 m at sides, 5-8 m thick at apex, chestnut-brown, with a pale umbo and few to many verrucae scattered or sometimes in lines, rarely smooth; pedicel colorless, collapsing, short to 50 m long. (Almeida, 1975) The nomenclature of Uromyces appendiculatus is based on Cummins (1978). This species causes one of the most important diseases of common beans (Phaseolus spp.) and occurs in most countries where beans are produced. Several varieties of this rust species have been named based on slight morphological differences, including U. appendiculatus var. brasiliensis Almeida, (Fitopat. Bras. 2: 244. 1977) on Phaseolus longipedunculatus Martius from So Paulo. Numerous physiological races have been identified by

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experimental inoculations of sets of differentially susceptible host varieties. Spermogonia and aecia have not been reported from Brazil, but are known from North America. Breeding for resistant varieties in Brazil has resulted in some varieties that produce very well even when the rust is present. A very closely related rust on Vigna spp., Uromyces vignae, has been included as a synonym of this species by some authors. UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger var. BRASILIENSIS Almeida. Uromyces phaseoli longepedunculati Vigas, Bragantia 5:566. 1944. nom. nudum. Uredinia long covered by epidermis, later pulverulent; urediniospores mostly 20-29 x 18-26 m with 2 slightly above the equator germ pores, distinct. Telia as the uredinia; teliospores mostly 29-35 x 20-26 m, smooth, rarely with few inconspicuous verrucae. (Almeida, 1975). Uromyces arachidis P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini. UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke, Grevillea 5: 152. 1877. TYPE on Asclepias sp. from The United States of America, Maine: Cape Elizabeth, date not reported, Fuller-80. (?/?,II/III). = Uromyces howei Peck, Rep. New York State Museum 30: 75. 1879. TYPE on Asclepias syriaca Linnaeus from The United States of America, New York, North Greenbush Anamorph Uredo asclepiadis Schweinitz in Berkeley & Curtis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 282. 1853. TYPE on Asclepias sp. from Surinam, place and date not reported, ?Weigelt s.n. = Trichobasis howei Peck, Ann. Rep. New York State Mus. 23: 587. 1873. Nigredo (?) howei (Peck) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 264. 1912. = Uredo asclepiadina Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 316. 1909. TYPE on Asclepias campestris DeCandolle from Argentina, Jujuy: Jan 1906, ?Spegazzini s.n. On Asclepiadaceae Asclepias campestris DeCandolle, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 225). Asclepias curassavica L., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 494; Thurston, 1940: 307; IBI-2255),. Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 494), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 59; IAC-133; IBI-13428). Oxypetalum capitatum Martius & Zuccarini, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 454). Uromyces asclepiadis is widespread in the Americas from Argentina to Canada. Species in at least three genera of Asclepeadaceae have been reported as hosts but most common is Asclepias. In Latin America the most common host is Asclepias curassavica, while in North America at least 12 species of Asclepias have been reported as hosts. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, about 0.5 mm across, scattered, powdery, light cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis evident, urediniospores 23-28 x 18-25 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, golden-brown, evenly echinulate, pores 4, equatorial. Telia similar to the uredinia but chestnut-brown, pulverulent, teliospores 20-30 x 18-23 m, broadly ellipsoid to globoid, rounded or somewhat obtuse at each end, wall about 1.5 m thick, a little thicker at apex because of the presence of a small semi-colorless papilla over the pore, chestnut-brown, finely and coarsely verrucose, pedicel colorless, fragile, short (Arthur, 1934). UROMYCES ASPILIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 172. 1932. TYPE on Aspilia phyllostachya Baker ,Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 3 Nov 1921, Holway-1271. (?/?,IIpe/III). Uromyces aspiliae has been reported only from the type in Brazil. It has also been reported from Argentina. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, 0.3-0.5 mm across, very powdery, ruptured epidermis not evideent; urediniospores 24-27 x 21-24 m, obovoid, ellipsoid, to subtriangular; wall more or less evenly 1.5-2 m thick, minutely echinulate, chestnut-brown, spines not very close together, pores 2, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, compact, becoming pulvinate, ruptured epidermis not noticeable, chestnut-brown to blackish -brown, becoming ashygray by germination; teliospores 27-36 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, rounded to subobtuse above, rounded to slightly narrowed below; wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, thickened 8-12 m above as a broad

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somewhat paler umbo, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicel up to twice the length of the spore or shorter, flexuous, colorless (Jackson, 1932). UROMYCES BAUHINIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 90. 1895. TYPE on Bauhinia sp. from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Paranaba, July 1892, Ule-1906. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Uromyces pretextus Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 19. 1905. Nom. nov. for U. bauhiniae P. Hennings because Vestergren thought that U. bauhiniae had been published earlier by Berkeley & Curtis for a different rust. = Uromyces guatemalensis Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 20. 1905. TYPE on Bauhinia sp. from Guatemala, Retalhuleu, March 1876, Bernoulli & Cario s.n.. Anamorph Uredo bauhiniae Berkeley& Curtis, Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 126. TYPE on Bauhinia sp from Nicaragua, place and date not recorded, Wright-s.n. On Leguminosae: Bauhinia bongardi Steudel, Mato Grosso (Vestergren, 1905: 20; Almeida, 1975: 53). Bauhinia cuyabensis Steudel, Mato Grosso, (Vestergren, 1905: 20; Almeida 1975: 53). Bauhinia hiemalis Malme, Mato Grosso (Vestergren 1905: 20; Almeida, 1975: 53). Bauhinia sp., Minas Gerais (Hennings, 1895A: 90; Almeida, 1975: 53), Paraiba (Vigas, 1945: 72; IAC-3829), Pernambuco (IBI 14303), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 19331: 343; Almeida, 1975: 53), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 343: Almeida, 1975: 53). Uromyces bauhiniae has been reported also from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Mexico. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, minute, scattered or in groups, cinnamon-brown, or urediniospores mixed with teliospores; urediniospores (18-)22-26 x 17-22(-26) m, mostly globoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-3 m thick, echinulate, golden-brown or dark golden-brown, germ pores 3-5(6), equatorial, nearly equatorial or somewhat scattered, with no or small, colorless, echinulate caps. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-1.5 mm across, blackish brown, scattered or sometimes in groups, confluent, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, teliospores (20-)22-28(-30) x (18-)22-25(-27) m, globoid, ellipsoid, obovoid or ovoid, wall conspicuously bilaminate, inner wall 1.5-3 m thick, chestnut-brown, outer wall distinct, (1-)1.5-2.5(-3) um thick at sides, about yellowish brown, thinner at base, to 6 m thick at or near the apex but without an umbo, distinctly and uniformly reticulate with meshes to about 2-2.5 m diam; pedicel to 40-50 m long, but usually breaking near the hilum, colorless, thin-walled (Almeida, 1975; Cummins, 1978). Traits that help identify Uromyces bauhiniae include teliospores that have uniformly reticulate walls with a distinct outer layer and without an umbo. See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. Uromyces bauhiniicola Arthur, Bot. Gaz, 39: 389, 1905. (0/-/-/III). TYPE on Bauhinia pringlei S. Watson, Leguminosae, from Mexico, Jalisco: Guadalajara, 28 Sept. 1903, Holway-5060. Cummins (1978) records this species only from Mexico. Vigas (1945: 59; IAC 3094,-3317,-4222) reported this species from So Paulo but Almeida reidentified these specimens: Vigas-3317 as Uromyces floralis Vestergren; and Vigas-3094 and Vigas-4222 as U. dietelianus var. nervicola Almeida. UROMYCES BELEMENSIS Albuquerque & M. M. Figueiredo, Pesq. Agropec. Bras.Ser. Agron. 6: 145. 1971. TYPE on Ormosia nobilis Tul., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Par: Belm, Instituto de Pesquisa Experimental Agropecuaria Norte, 28 April 1964, F. C. Albuquerque. (?/?,IIpe/III). Uromyces belemensis has been reported only from the TYPE. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, scattered or in small or dense groups, mostly along the veins; numerous, 0.1-0.5 mm diam, rounded, at first covered by epidermis, later pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (20-)24-32(-33) x (18-)22-28 m, asymmetrical, triangular in one view, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid when turned 90, wall 1 m thick, cinnamon-brown, conspicuously echinulate, germ pore 1 near the hilum, not distinct. Telia dark cinnamon-brown or reddish brown, otherwise as the uredinia, or teliospores mostly mixed with urediniospores. Teliospores subgloboid and rounded at apex, lateral view:(20-)22-28(-29) x (24-)26-32(-33) m, and top view: (26-)29-33(-35) x (24-)26-30(-33) m, dark cinnamon-brown, wall uniformly 1 m thick,

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smooth, with 1 germ pore at apex; pedicel 6-8 m wide, to 30 m long, less frequently to 60 m long, colorless, some collapsing (Almeida, 1975). Albuquerque and M. M. Figueiredo (1971) reported that the teliospores of Uromyces belemensis resemble those of Pileolaria spp. but the urediniospore walls of Pileolaria often have spiral sculpture patterns unlike the echinulation sculpture of U. belemensis. Also when Uromyces belemensis is compared to Dicheirinia spp., also on Ormosia, Dicheirinia spp have uredinia surrounded by numerous paraphyses. These are lacking in Uromyces belemensis. UROMYCES BIDENTICOLA Arthur, Manual rusts U. S. & Canada, p. 342. 1934. NEOTYPE on Bidens squarrosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Guatemala, Guatemala City, 31 Dec 1914, Holway-4. Neotype chosen by Cummins (1978). (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo bidentis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 251. 1896. LECTOTYPE on Bidens pilosus L. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, July 1884, Ule-232. (Lectotype chosen here). Klebahnia bidentis (P. Hennings) Arthur, N. Amer. Fl. 7: 481. 1922. Arthur described telia but designated a type specimen without telia. Not Uromyces bidentis Lagerheim. 1895. = Puccinia bidentis Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 32. 1897. TYPE on Bidens sp. from Mexico, Cuernavaca, 23 Sept 1896, Holway-s.n. Arthur (1922), Jackson (1932) and Lindquist (1982) cited this name, presumably based on an anamorph, as a synonym of Uromyces bidenticola. = Uredo bidenticola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 37: 279. 1898. TYPE on Bidens leucantha from Jamaica, Bog Walk, 3 March 1893. ' Uromyces bidenticola (P. Hennings) Arthur, Mycologia 9: 71. 1917. Telia not described. = Uredo bidenticida Spegazzini, Revista Argentina Bot. 1: 134. 1925. (a lectotype needs to be chosen from the specimens seen by Spegazzini which were from Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay). On Compositae. Bidens pilosa L., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 172; Vigas, 1945: 60), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1896: 251; Jackson, 1932: 172), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 144), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 60; IAC-1181). Bidens rubifolia Humbolt, Bonpland & Kunth, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1932: 172; Vigas, 1945: 60; IAC-5067), Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 470). Bidens sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 172), Santa Catarina (IBI 12952) So Paulo (Jackson,1932: 172). Uromyces bidenticola, a long cycle, autoecious species with aeciospores and urediniospores morphologically alike, is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where its weedy hosts occur, especially on Bidens pilosa. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, few in a group. Aecia on both sides of leaves. around the spermogonia, aeciospores like the urediniospores. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on abaxial side of leaves, cinnamon brown or darker; urediniospores (22-)26-33(-37) x (19-)21-24(-26) m. broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2,5 m thick, cinnamon brown, echinulate except around pores, pores 2, equatorial or slightly above, with obvious caps. Telia mostly on abaxial surface, exposed, compact, cinnamon brown but becoming gray with metabasidia; teliospores (30-)32-40(-45) x (15-)17-20(-23) m ellipsoid, oblong ellipsoid or elongately obovoid, wall 1 m thick at sides, golden brown. (3-)4-8(-10) m thick at apex with a colorless umbo; pedicels , to 55 m long, colorless (Cummins, 1978). Arthur (1934) and Cummins (1972) reported that Uromyces bidentis Lagerheim is a short cycle, correlated species with only teliospores. These two are the only species of Uromyces on Bidens in the Western Hemisphere. Jackson (1932) sugested that perhaps there is only one species with a variable life cycle. Lindquist (1972) mistakenly listed Uredo amazonensis P. Hennings, 1905, as an anamorph synonym. Its host is Bauhinia sp., not Bidens sp. Except for the two species of Uromyces reported here, Puccinia iniapii Buritic, known only on Bidens rubifolia from Ecuador, is the only other rust that has been reported on Bidens spp. from the New World.

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UROMYCES BIDENTIS Lagerheim, in Patouillard & Lagerheim, Bull. Soc. Myc. France 11: 213. 1895. TYPE on Bidens andicola from Ecuador, Chillo near Quito. June, year not reported, Lagerheim s.n. (-/-,-/III). = Uromyces densus Arthur, Mycologia 7: 196. 1915. TYPE on Bidens pilosa Linnaeus from Puerto Rico, Ponce, 8 Nov 1913, F. L. Stevens-4266. On Compositae. Bidens pilosa L., Alagoas (Vigas, 1945: 60; IAC-3812), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 249; Jackson, 1932: 173), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 60; IAC-4100; Puttemans-1497). Bidens sp., Minas Gerais (Sydow, 1907: 353), Paraba (Vigas,1945: 60; IAC-3808), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932 173), So Paulo(Vigas, 1945: 60; IAC-707). Uromyces bidentis has been reported with certainty only from the Neotropics. See under Uromyces bidenticola for notes. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia lacking. Telia on the abaxial surface of leaves in close, circinate groups, exposed, compact, cinnamon brown but soon gray from germination; teliospores (30-)32-40(-45) x (15-)17-20(-23) m, mostly oblong ellipsoid or elongately obovoid, wall 1 m thick at sides, golden brown, 4-9 m thick at apex with a nearly colorless defined umbo, smooth; pedicel to about 63 m long, colorless (Cummins, 1978). UROMYCES BLAINVILLEAE Berkeley in Berkeley & Broome, J. Linnean Soc. Bot. 14: 92. 1875. TYPE on Blainvillea sp. from Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Batticabra (Batticaloa) district, 1858, Thwaites s.n. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Uromyces cuculatus H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 2: 349. 1904. TYPE on Zexmenia aurantiaca Klatt. from Costa Rica, ? date, Tonduz-9836. = Uromyces piauhyensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 266. 1908. TYPE on Wedelia sp. from Brazil, Piau: reported originally as Pianhy, Serra Nova, Jan 1907, Ule-3329. Anamorph Uredo gaudichaudii H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 21. 1903. TYPE on Blainvillea rhomboideae Cassini from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, date not reported, Gaudichaud-s.n. On Compositae. Blainvillea biaristata DeCandolle, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 61; IAC-2685). Blainvillea dichotoma (Murray) Cassini, Bahia (IBI 13607), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 173). Blainvillea rhomboidea Cassini, Federal District (IBI-12470), Minas Gerais(Thurston, 1940: 307; IAC-5059), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 61; IAC-3859), Rio de Janeiro (H. & P. Sydow, 1903: 21; Hennings, 1904A: 79; IAC-4660). Blainvillea sp., Federal District (IBI-12470), Minas Gerais (IBI-15343), Rio de Janeirio (HNR353; Puttemans-336), So Paulo (IBI-16898). Wedelia sp. Piau (Hennings, 1908: 266). Genus unidentified, Minas Gerais (IBI 15934). Uromyces blainvilleae has been reported from Africa, India and the Neotropics. Other host genera not listed above include Baltimora, Perymenium, and Zexmenia. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, aecia on abaxial side of leaves, peridium cylindrical, becoming lacerate, whitish; aeciospores 22-26 x 19-24 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid, commonly angular, wall 1 m thick, pale yellowish, prominently verrucose; uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on adaxial side, about cinnamon-brown, urediniospores (16-)18-21 x (17-)18-22(-23) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid with pores in face view, mostly depressed globoid or more or less triangular with pores lateral, wall 1-1.5 m thick but usually thicker at hilum, about cinnamon-brown, echinulate except around pores, pores 2, equatorial or usually somewhat subequatorial, with slight or no caps. Telia on both sides of leaves or often mostly on adaxial side, exposed, blackish brown, somewhat powdery; teliospores (24-)28-33(-35) x (22-)2428(-30) m, mostly globoid or nearly so, wall (3.5-)4-4.5(-5) m thick at sides and deep chestnut-brown, (6)7-10(-12) m apically with a golden defined umbo, the side wall sometimes tending to be bilaminate, conspicuously verrucose with low conical verrucae spaced (2-)2.5-3(-5) m, pedicel to 120 m long, colorless, often flexuous or shorter and straight (Cummins, 1978). Cummins (1978) reported that Uromyces cuculatus differs from U. blainvilleae in having much longer and persistent pedicels on the teliospores and an umbo that is about 1/3 narrower. Possibly, U. cuculatus could be considered a variety of U. blainvilleae. We are treating these as only one taxon. See Puccinia obrepta for a key to species of rusts on Wedelia.

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UROMYCES BOMARIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 38: 67. 1899. TYPE on Bomarea sp. from Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Gavea, 14 Dec 1895. Ule-2169. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Alstroemariaceae (Amaryllidaceae). Bomarea sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 307), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings,1899A: 67; Dietel, 1899: 248; Laundon, 1965: 47), So Paulo (IBI 16833). Uromyces bomariae has been reported only from Brazil. Urediniospores 24-26 x 22-24 m, spheroid to broadly ellipsoid, wall about 2 m thick, yellowish, finely echinulate, pores not seen, telia on the abaxial side of leaves, iregularly scattered, up to 1 mm in diam, often covering intire underside of leaf, black, stromatic-loculate, teliospores 26-36 x 18-24 m, rather irregular and angular, more or less ellipsoid, or clavate, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 4-8 above, yellowishbrown, smooth, pedicel of an upper cell 8-12 m long and a lower cell 4-10 m long, their walls pale yellowish-brown (Laundon, 1965). UROMYCES BONARIENSIS Spegazzini, as "bonaeriensis", Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 133. 1880. TYPE on Gomphrena elegans Martius from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Boca del Riachuelo, May 1880, Spegazzin s.n. (?/?,IIpve/III). Anamorph Uredo argentina Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argent. 9:172. 1880. TYPE on Gomphrena gracilis from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Boca del Riachuelo, Jan 1880, Spegazzini s.n. On Amaranthaceae. Gomphrena elegans Martius, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 122; Laundon, 1965: 22). Uromyces bonariensis has been reported also from Argentina, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on abaxial side, 0.5-1.0mm in diameter, cinnamon-brown, powdery, scattered singly or in concentric groups, on chlorotic spots, urediniospores 22-29 x 20-26 m, globoid or narrowly ellipsoid, wall (1.5-)2(-2.5) m thick, golden-yellow, densely echinulate, pores 4-6, scattered. Telia irregularly scattered on both sides of leaves, sometimes on stems, up to 0.5 mm across, black, compact, teliospores 25-32 x 22-26 m, globoid to ellipsoid, rounded above or sometimes narrowed, rounded or sometimes narrowed below, wall (2.5-)3.5-4 m thick at sides, (5-)6-8 m above, chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicel up to 30 m long, fragil, colorless but pigmented next to the spore (Laundon, 1965; Lindquist, 1982). The 4-6 scattered pores in the urediniospores and the smaller size of the teliospores ( 25-32 x 22-26 m) with much longer pedicels (to 200 m long) aid in identifying Uromyces bonariensis when compared to Uromyces platensis (teliospores 32-46 x 18-24 m) (Lindquist, 1948). . Uromyces borreriae P. Hennings, see UREDO BORRERIAE (P. Hennings) Kern & Whetzel. UROMYCES BRADBURYAE H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 352. 1931. TYPE on Centrosema virginianum Bentham, reported originally as Bradburya virginiana (Linnaeus) Kuntze from Brazil, So Paulo, Campos do Jordo, 2 May 1922, Holway-1801 [and on Bradburya pubescens (Benth.) Kuntze, from the same location, 20 Apr 1922, Holway-1735]. (?/?,II/III). On Leguminosae. Centrosema pubescens Bentham, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 352; Almeida, 1975: 42). Centrosema virginiana Bentham, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 352; Almeida, 1975: 42). Uromyces bradburyae has been reported only from Brazil. The hosts were reported originally as in the genus Bradburya but that genus is now considered as a part of Centrosema. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, scattered or gregarious, 0.1-0.5 mm across small, round or irregular, light chestnut-brown, somewhat tardily naked, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, pulverulent; urediniospores 23-28(-31) x 18-24 m, obovoid, ellipsoid or broadly globoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, often 2.5-3 m thick at apex and base, pale brown to cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 2, slightly above the equator, distinct, with smooth, colorless caps. Telia dark chestnut-brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores (27-)31-37 x (16-)20-26 m, mostly ovoid to pear-shaped or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, light chestnut-brown, with a paler and clearly differentiated umbo, 5-7(-8) m thick at apex, appearing smooth but actually verrucose, with numerous

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verrucae distributed evenly or irregularly throughout the surface of spore and umbo; pedicel, to 20 m long, less frequently to 40 m long, mostly collapsing, colorless (Almeida, 1975). UROMYCES BRASILIENSIS Trotter, Ann. Mycol. 2: 533. 1904. Nom. nov. for Uromyces giganteus Dietel. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). ' Uromyces giganteus Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 26. 1897. (Not Uromyces giganteus Spegazzini, 1879). TYPE on Jacquemontia sp. (originally reported as on undetermined Convolvulaceae) from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Caraca, March 1892, Ule-1873. = Uromyces standleyanus Arthur, Bull Torr. Bot, Club 51: 57. 1924. TYPE on Jacquemontia sp. (mistakenly reported originally as Gaudichaudia schiedeana Juss., Malpichiaceae) from El Salvador, San Salvador: Tonacatepeque, 30-31 Dec 1921, P. C. Standley-19461. Anamorph Uromyces gemmatus Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley, Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 357. 1869. TYPE on Jacquemontia sp. (originally reported as Convolvulus sp.) from Cuba. Only uredinia described. This name needs to be transferred to an anamorph genus. Klebahnia gemmata (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 479. Although Arthur described teliospores, he listed the specimen of Berkeley and Curtis as the type which has only anamorph spores. = Uredo jacquemontiae P. Hennings, Englar Bot. Jharb. 18: 23. 1894. TYPE on Jacquemontia sp. from New Guinea, "Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Kelana, an der Terrasse", 3 July 1888, L. Kaernbach-s.n. = Uredo spinulosa Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 36. 1897. TYPE on Jacquemontia sp. (originally reported on undetermined Convolvulaceae) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, May 1892, Ule-2052. Not Uredo spinulosa Saccardo, 1891. Uredo dieteliana Saccardo & Sydow in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 14: 395. 1899. Nom. nov. for Uredo spinulosa Dietel. On Convolvulaceae: Jacquemontia ferruginea Choisy, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 498). Jacquemontia sp., Bahia (IBI 15295), Minas Gerais, (Jackson, 1931: 498 ), Rio de Janeiro (PURF3498), Santa Catarina (IBI-12957), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 498; IBI-12176). Genus undetermined (probably Jacquemontia), Rio de Janeiro (Saccardo, 1899: 395), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 97). Uromyces brasiliensis has been reported also from Ecuador, Venezuela, the West Indies, Central America, Mexico, New Guinea, Taiwan, and the Phillipines, only on Jacquemontia spp. Aecia as the uredinia but with spermogonia. Uredinia 0.2-0.7 mm across, on abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, blister-like at first, erumpent, ruptured epidermis conspiculus, powdery, dark cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 29-39 x 23-29 m, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, wall 2.5-3.5 m thick, laminate, outer layer colorless, usually hygroscopic, swelling, echinulate, inner layer cinnamon-brown, echinulae, pores often obscure, 3-6(-8), scattered. Telia like the uredinia but chestnut-brown, teliospores 3245 x 21-27 m, ellipsoid to ovoid, rounded above and frequently narrowed below, wall 1-1.5 m at sides, 720 m above, yellow-brown, usually lighter in the thickened apex, smooth, pedicel about a fourth the length of the spore, fragile, colorless. Teliospores are variable in size with variably greatly thickened apical walls (Jackson, 1931). Uromyces cajaponiae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini. UROMYCES CARTHAGENENSIS Spegazzini, Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6:217. 1898. TYPE on Manihot carthagensis (Jacquin) Muell.-Arg. from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Santa Catalina, "winter 1889-90", Spegazzini-s.n. (?/?,IIcv,III). On Euphorbiaceae Manihot sp., Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 61; IAC-3561). Uromyces carthagensis has been reported only from Argentina and Brazil. The following six species of Uromyces that infect Manihot in the Neotropics have been proposed: 1. Uromyces carthagenensis Spegazzini, sori on stems, petioles and blades on large, twisted orange

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cushions. III-spores 30-36 x 20-24 m, ellipsoid or ovoid, wall intensely black, and minutely roughened,but with a smooth, paler obtuse umbo, pedicel 20-3- m long, colorless. IIcv-spores Aecidium sp., Uromyces jatrophae Dietel & Holway, sori on both sides of leaves. III-spores, 26-42 x 17-29 m, ellipsoid to globoid, wall 2.5-5 m thick, thickened into an acute apex 7-12 m, laminate, the inner layer chestnut-brown, the outer layer golden-brown, somewhat hygroscopic, and frequently inconspicuous, closely and coarsely verrucose, sometimes forming longitudinal lines, pedicel colorless except with a slightly tinted collar next to the spore, once to oneand a half the length of the spore. IIpe-spores 19-32 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-3 m thick, brownish yellow or hyalione, moderately echinulate, pores obscure, probably 4-6 scattered. 0/Icv Uromyces manihoticola P. Hennings, sori on abaxiial side of leaves, blackish-brown. III-spores 26-35 m, globose to subglobose, wall to 10 m thick II spores, unknown Uromyces manihotis P. Hennings, sori on pedunlcles, flowers, leaves, and stems, blackish. III-spores, 32-45 x 20-30 m, ellipsoid, ovoid, to oblong, with an apical papilla to 10 m long; wall up to 7 m thick, smooth, chestnut-brown; pedicel up to 120 m long, fairly stout, persistent, yellowish to colorless. IIpe-spores with ] 8 scattered pores Uromyces manihotis-catingae P. Hennings, sori on adaxial side of leaves, dark brtown. III-spores 30-40 x 25-30 m, globose, subglobose, or ovlid, with a large apical papilla up to 14 m high, wall 5-7 m thick, coarsely and loosely verrucopse, chestnut-brown, pedicel to 40 m long, stout, hyaling to yellowish. IIpe-spores 20-28 x 15-20 m, ovoid or ellipsoid, sparsely and weeksy echinulate, almost verrucose, palle yellowish-brown. pores 2-3 equatorial. Uromyces tolerandus H. S. Jackson & Holway, on abaxial side of leaves. III-spores 27-38 x 18-22 m, ellipsoid, rounded below, apex acute, wall 2-3 m, apex 5-8 m, evenly, inconspiucuously verrucose, chestnut-brown. II-spores unknown

2.

3. 4.

5.

6.

Uromyces caryophyllinus (Schroeter) Winter, see UROMYCES DIANTHI (Persoon) Niessel. UROMYCES CASTANEUS P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 2: 94. 1910. TYPE on Desmodium incanum DeCandolle from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, July 1887, Ule-666. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae. Desmodium incanum DeCandolle, Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 62; IAC-3836; Almeida, 1975:; 63), Pernambuco (Vigas, 1945: 62;; IAC-3835; Almeida, 1975: 63), Rio de Janeiro (Sydow, 1910: 94; Jackson, 1931: 352; Almeida, 1975: 63). Desmodium sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 352; Almeida, 1975: 63), So Paulo (IBI-13439). Uromyces castaneus has been reported also from Argentina. Spermogonia and aecia unknown, Uredinia 0.1-0.5 mm across, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, more or less scattered or almost uniformly distributed on the entire leaf surface, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous on the lower leaf surface but noticeable or long covered on the upper leaf surface, light cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; urediniospores 15-20 x 14-18(-20) m, broadly ellipsoid to subgloboid or globoid, wall 1-1.5(-2) m thick, echinulate, golden-yellow to golden-brown, germ pores 3-4, slightly above the equator, with colorless, echinulate caps. Telia dark brown, otherwise as the uredinia or teliospores mixed with urediniospores; teliospores (18-)20-24 x (15-)18-22 m, globoid to subgloboid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2.5-4 m thick at sides, chestnut-brown, minutely and uniformly reticulate with meshes about 1 m diam, slightly thickened at apex to 5 m, with a paler, not abruptly differentiated umbo; pedicel to 60-80 m long, rarely to 100 m long, colorless, thin-walled, many collapsing (Almeida, 1975). Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Desmodium, Leguminosae, in Brazil Section A. Teliospores verrucose 1. Uredinia paraphysate, with pedicellate spores (Uredo) (2)

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2. Urediniospores with 4-5 germ pores equatorial or nearly equatorial, or less frequently with 3-4 equatorial or nearly equatorial and 1 near or at apex. .U. unionensis. 2. Urediniospores with (3)4-7(8) scattered germ pores U. hedysari-paniculati. l. Uredinia peridiate, with catenulate spores (Aecidium), teliospores verrucose, with irregular warts, these varying from sometimes variously united or irregularly ararranged to form a kind of U. orbicularis. labyrinth Section B. Teliospores reticulate 1. Uredinia peridiate, with catenulate spores (Aecidium, teliospores varying from verrucose, with irregular warts sometimes variously united or arranged to form a kind of labyrinth, to U. orbicularis. irregularly reticulate 1. Uredinia with pedicellate spores (Uredo (2) 2. Uredinia paraphysate (3) 3. Urediniospores with 4-5 equatorial or approximately equatorial, or less frequently with 3-4 equatorial or approximately equatorial and 1 near or at apex germ pores U. unionensis. 3. Urediniospores with (3)4-7(8) scattered germ pores U. hedysari-paniculati. 2. Uredinia aparaphysate, teliospores with wall single, urediniospores mostly with 3-4 germ pores 4. Teliospores (18-)20-24 x (15-)18-22 um; wall 2.5-4 m thick at sides; pedicel to 60-80 U. castaneus. m, rarely to 100 m long 4. Teliospores 18-26 x 13-18 m; wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, minutely reticulate, appearing minutely verrucose, with meshes to about 1 m diam; pedicel usually breaking near the hilum,; urediniospores with 3-4 equatorial or superequatorial germ pores U. desmodiicola var. desmodiicola. Uromyces cayaponiae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini.

UROMYCES CELOSIAE Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 326. 1901. TYPE on Iresine latifolia Bentham & Hooker (mistakenly reported originally as "Celosia latifolia") from Mexico, Oaxaca, 17 Oct 1899, Holway-3641. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Amaranthaceae. Achyranthes prostrata, Bahia (IBI 13585). Pfaffia erianthos (Poiret) Kuntze (as Iresine erianthos Poiret), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1927: 60; IBI-1732(has dendritic trichomes). Host identification by Laundon). Iresine sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1927: 60), So Paulo (IBI 12547A). Species undetermined, So Paulo (Jackson, 1927: 60). Uromyces celosiae has ben reported also from Central America, Mexico, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Hernndez and Hennen (2002) reported Uromyces celosiae also from Argentina and on Chamissoa altissima (Jacquin) Kunth (Amaranthaceae). Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered on large areas, sometimes crowed or ocassionally confluent, roundish, 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter, early naked, pulverulent, dark cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; urediniospores 24-32 x 19-26 broadly ellipsoid, wall 2-3.5 m thick, cinnamonbrown, strongly and sparsely echinulate, pores 2, equatorial, distinct. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered in large irregular areas, often crowed and ocassionally confluent, 0.2-0.6 mm in diameter, rather early naked, pulverulent, chocolate-brown or blackish, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; teliospores 27-34 x 23-29 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 3-5 m thick, choclate brown, inconspicuously and closely verucose, thickened above by a broad pale umbo, 7-9 m thick, pedicel once to twice length of spore, rather stout, colorless, slightly roughened below (Arthur et al., 1912). UROMYCES CELTIDIS Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 5: 244. 1907. TYPE on Celtis sp., Ulmaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Mandagni, Nov 1906, A. Usteri-s.n. (?/?,?/III).

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Uromyces celtidis has been reported only from the type. Telia on brownish spots on abaxial side of leaves, 1-3 mm wide, broadly flattened to convex, floccose, white when dried, not covered by epidermis; teliospores 32-45 x 12-18 m, ellipsoid to clavate, rounded above, wall very thin, not thickened above, colorless, irregularly striolate, pedicel long, spores germinating (The Sydows, 1910). The identification of the host is questionable. The rust needs to be compared to Chaconia apicrassa Hennen et al. on Maclura tinctoria, Moraceae. UROMYCES CESTRI Montagne in Gay, Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile 8: 49. 1852. TYPE on Cestrum parqui LHrit from Chile, Island of Juan Fernandez, date of collection not found, Botero-1740. (?/?,IIcv/III). ' Caeomurus cestri (Montagne) Kuntze , Rev. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 449. 1889. ' Uromycopsis cestri (Montagne) Arthur, Rsult. Sci. Congr. Internat. Bot. Vienna p. 345. 1906. Anamorph Aecidium cestri Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. II, 3: 356. 1835. TYPE on Cestrum parqui LHrit from Chile, Island of Juan Fernandez, date of collection not found, Botero-1740. ' Uredo cestri Bertero in Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) II 3: 356. 1835. TYPE (the same specimen as for Uromyces cestri) on Cestrum parqui LHrit from Chile, Island of Juan Fernandez, date of collection not found, Botero-1740. ' Pucciniola cestri (Montagne) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 452. 1921. Based on Aecidium cestri Montagne, an anamorph name. On Solanaceae. Cestrum latifolium Lamarck, Par (PUR-F17291). Cestrum schlechtendalii Don, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 84). Cestrum sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-15858), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 84), So Paulo (Sydow,1907: 254; Jackson, 1932: 84; IBI-13372). Uromyces cestri has been reported from Argentina to the United States of America and islands in the Caribbean on nearly 20 species of Cestrum. The life cycle of this rust has been confused. Spermogonia have never been reported but previous authors have stated that this species has aecia, but no uredinia. Obviously, these reports are based on morphological terminology of life cycle stages. The only anamorph sori found are bright yellow orange when fresh, and have the morphology of the genus Aecidium. We interpret them as uredinia because these sori are usually scattered over a leaf, often very abundant, spermogonia have never been reported, and telia are often closely associated with them. Probably aecia do occur with the same morphology as these uredinia, but until spermogonia are found with Aecidium-like sori, or until experimental inoculations with basidiospores confirm that aecia are formed without spermogonia, we believe that it is best to interpret these Aecidium cestri sori as uredinia. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia, Aecidium cestri Montagne, mostly on both sides of leaves and on stems, loosely grouped or closely circinnate in hypertrophied spots 2-10 mm across, cupulate or short cylindric, deep seated in mesophyll, peridium whitish, margin erose, usually not or only slightly projecting above the host surface; peridial cells irregularly and narrowly oblong or rhomboid in face view, 3258 x 12-13 m, ends overlapping, outer wall 1.5-3 m thick, closely and finely verrucose, , urediniospores 25-37 x 19-26 m, Anamorph spores 27-31 x 19-23 m, ellipsoid, oblong ellipsoid, and often angular by mutual pressure, wall 1.5-3 m thick, finely and closely verrucose, but more than one pattern of verrucae, colorless. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, loosely grouped in concentric circles or on spots with uredinia, early exposed, compact, becoming slightly pulverulent, blackish-brown, ruptured epidermis evident; teliospores 25-35 x 19-26 m, ellipsoid, oblong, or globoid, usually rounded above, sometimes slightly narrowed below; wall 2.5-4(-5) m thick at sides, (4-)5-7(-8) m thick above, slightly ruggose and laminate above, smooth or occasionally loosely and inconspicuously verrucose at sides, chestnut-brown; pedicel once or twice length of spore, colorless or pale yellow, fragile (Hernndez & Hennen, 2003). Cestrum is a native American genus with about 175 species. The following key, modified from Arthur (1918) and Lindquist (1982), may help identify the four species of Uromyces reported on Cestrum spp. Only Uromyces cestri has been reported from Brazil. Joerstad (1959) warned that "The species of Uromyces on Cestrum clearly need revising".

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Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Cestrum, Solanaceae 1. Teliospores 2. 1. Anamorph spores, mostly urediniospores (Aecidium spp.) 5. Uromyces venustus Dietel & Holway (Mexico). 2 . Teliospores rostrate 2. Teliospores rounded or obtuse 3. 3. Teliospore walls thin, 1.5-2.5 m thick Uromyces maculans (Patouillard) Arthur (Bolivia, Central America). 3. Teliospore walls thicker, 2.5-5 m 4. 4. Teliospores mostly elipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, lateral walls 2.5-4 m thick Uromyces cestri Montagne (The Tropical Americas). 4. Teliospores mostly globoid to narrowly globoid, lateral walls 4-5 m thick Uromyces cestricola Spegazzini (Argentina). 5. Anamorph spores mostly globoid, 24-29 x 18-26 m 6. 5. Anamorph spores mostly oblong, 25-37 x 19-26 m 7. Uromyces venustus Dietel & Holway (Mexico). 6. Peridial cells long, 48-67 m 6. Peridial cells short, 24-42 Uromyces maculans (Patouillard) Arthur (Bolivia, Central America). 7. Peridial cells distinctly verrucose, anamorph sori localized Uromyces cestri. Montagne (The Tropical Americas). 7. Peridial cells appearing smooth, anamorph sori appear systemic Uromyces cestricola. Spegazzini (Argentina). Uromyces chilensis Dietel & Neger, see UROMYCES LATHYRINUS Spegazzini. UROMYCES CIRCUMSCRIPTUS Neger, Anal. Univ. Santiago 1895: 4. 1895. TYPE on Loranthus verticillatus Ruiz & Pavon [Phrygilanthus verticilliatus (Ruiz & pavon) Eichler] from Chile, San Juan, date not reported, Dr. Phillippi-s.n. (?/?,IIcv/III). Anamorph Aecidium circumscribens Neger, Ann. Univ. Chile 90: 328. 1895. TYPE on Loranthus verticilliatus Ruiz & Pavon [Phrygilanthus verticilliatus (Ruiz & pavon) Eichler] from Chile, San Juan, date not reported, Dr. Phillippi-s.n. = Aecidium bulbifaciens Neger, Ann. Univ. Chile 90: 329. 1895. TYPE on Loranthus heterophyllum Ruiz & Pavon [Phrygilanthus heterophyllus (Ruiz & Pavon) Eichler from Chile, at the juncture of Rio Rahue and Rio Bueno, date not published, ?Neger-sn. On Loranthaceae. Loranthus sp., Brasil (H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Mon. Ured. 2: 244. 1910). Struthanthus complexus Eichler, Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 248). Uromyces circumscriptus has been reported also from Chile. Spermogonia have not been reported for Uromyces circumscriptus and the Aecidium circumscribens sori are intemately associated with telia. Thus, we believe these Aecidium sori are uredinia. Lindquist (1982) first connected Aecidium bulbifaciens (= Aecidium circumscribens) as an anamorph of Uromyces circumscriptus. Cummins (1939) provided the folowing key for species of Uromyces on Loranthaceae that occur in the tropics or subtropics of the New World. Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Loranthaceae in the tropics or subtropics of the New World Teliospores longitudinally ridged U. ornatipes Arthur. Teliospore pedicel long, rugosely inflated [Phrygilanthus, Mexico]. Teliospore pedicel short, fragile U. euphlebius Sydow. Teliospores large, 38-50 m long U. socius Arthur & Holway. Teliospores smaller, 32-37 m long [Struthanthus, Mexico]. Teliospores reticulate, sometimes striately so Species macrocyclic (uredinia with spores catenulate) U. loranthi Jackson & Holway. Urediniospores echinulate

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[Loranthus, Brazil]. U. neophtirusae Jackson Urediniospores longitudinally ridged [(nom nov. for U. phtirusae Mayor)., Colombia]. Species demicyclic (Aecia unknown, uredinia with the morphologh of Aecidium). Reticulation obscure, pits 0.5-0.8 m diam. U. circumscriptus Neger. Teliospores ellipsoid, 18-23 x 29-35 m [(Aecidium circumscribens Neger) Loranthus, Chile, Argentina, Struthanthus, Brazil]. Teliospores oblong-ellipsoid, 15-23 x 33-43 m U. urbanianus P. Hennings [Antidaphne, Colombia, Oryctanthus, Phrygilanthus, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Trinidad]. Reticulation obvious, pits 1-1.5 m diam. U. evastigatus Cummins. Teliospores oblong-ellipsoid, 20-25 x 39-53 m [Phthirusa, El Salvador]. UROMYCES CISNEROANUS Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 134. 1880. TYPE on Sapium sp. (reported as Sapium biglandulosum (Linnaeus) Muell. Arg. [reported as Excaecaria (Sapium) biglandulasa var. serrata] from Argentina, Barracas del Sur, June 1880, Cisneros-3817. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Uromyces vestitus Dietel, Anal. Mycol. 6: 94. 1908. TYPE on Sapium sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Taragna, 5 May 1907, Uster-s.n. Anamorph Uredo cisneroana Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 119. 1884. TYPE on Sapium aucuparium Jacq. from Paraguay, Guarapi, Dec 1881, ?Spegazzini-3468. On Euphorbiaceae. Sapium sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 470), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 470; Vigas, 1945: 62; IAC-3749). Uromyces cisneroanus has been reported from Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, and Venezuela. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.5-1 mm across, on yellowish spots on both sides of leaves and on stems, scattered or closely grouped, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, cinnamon-brown, powdery; urediniospores (28-)38-44(46) x 27-34(-39) m, oblong, clavate-oblong, some spores asymetrical, straight or curved: wall 2-2.5 m thick, sometimes slightly thickened above, echinulate with sharp spines, pores 2(3), equatorial. Telia as ther uredinia but compact and almost black; teliospores 3450 x 15-23 m, obovoid to ellipsoid, narrowed above, rounded below; wall 2-layered, outer layer colorless, prolonged above as a yellowish papilla 8-12 m high, smooth, or with indistinct rough places, inner layer choclate brown, 2.5-3 m thick; pedicel thick at atachement region, about as long as or a little longer than the spore (Lindquist, 1982). We follow Lindquist (1982) who placed Uromyces vestitus as a synonym of U. cisneroanus. Uromyces cissampelidis Dietel, see UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini. UROMYCES CLARUS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 19: 60. 1927. TYPE on Iresine celosia Linnaeus, from Bolivia, El Chaco, Sur Yungus, 25 May 1920, Holway-649. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Amaranthaceae. Iresine celosia L, So Paulo (Jackson, 1927: 60; Laundon, 1965: 23). Uromyces clarus has ben reported also from Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Trinidad. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.4-0.8 mm across, round or oval on both sides of leaves or mostly adaxial, scattered or in groups in more or less concentric circles, tardily naked, light golden-brown, ruptured epidermis conspicuous and persistent; urediniospores 25-34 x 18-26 m obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, prominently obliquely striate, or lines broken into warts, the lines 2-3 m apart, pores obscure, apparently 4, equatorial. Telia not seen, teliospores in uredinia 26-32 x 20-24 m, obovoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 4-7 m at apex, colorless, pedicel 60-90 m long, hyaline (Jackson, 1927; Laundon, 1965). Uromyces clavatus Dietel, see UROMYCES LATHYRINUS Spegazini.

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UROMYCES CNIDOSCOLI P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 90. 1895. TYPE on Cnidoscolus vitifolius (Miller) Pohl from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Jan 1893, Ule-1996. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Uromyces jatrophicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 266. 1908. TYPE on Cnidoscolus vitifolius (Miller)Pohl (originally reported as Jatropha sp.) from Brazil, Bahia: Caldero, Oct 1906, Ule-3322. Anamorph Aecidium cnidoscoli P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 102. 1895. TYPE on Cnidoscolus vitifolius (Miller) Pohl from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Jan 1893, Ule-1997. On Euphorbiaceae. Cnidoscolus vitifolius (Miller) Pohl, Bahia (Hennings, 1908: 266; IBI-13615), Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 90; Hennings, 1895A:102), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14373). Uromyces cnidoscoli has been reported also from Argentina (Berndt, 2002). Spermogonia mostly on adaxial side of leaves, in small groups. Aecia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves beneath the spermogonia, cupulate; peridial cells 30-40 x 20-26 m, irregular in shape; aeciospores 2132 x 17-23 m, subgloboid to ellipsoid; wall (1.5-)2(2.5) m thick, densely and minutely verrucose, colorless. Uredinia scattered on both sides of leaves but mostly on the abaxial side, about 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter, pale yellow, powdery; urediniospores 19-28 x 17-22 m, globoid, subgloboid, or ellipsoid; wall about (1.5-)2(-2.5) m thick, slightly irregularly to evenly echinulate, spines about 6-7 across at equator, colorless or pale yellowish, pores obscure. Telia scattered mostly on adaxial side of leaves, about 0.5 mm diameter, black, slightly powdery; teliospores (18-)22-32 x (28-)30-34 m in diameter at equator, flattened globoid to globoid; wall evenly about 3-4(-5) m thick, coarsely verrucose-rugose with irregular blunt warts with some partly connected by ridges, nearly smooth around the pedicel, dark chestnut-brown; pedicel 15-20 m long, swelling to a subglobose shape distally, colorless. The coarsely verrucose-rugose teliospore walls and the subglobose swellings of the pedicels aid in identifying Uromyces cnidoscoli. Uromyces jatrophicola was kept separate by two authors (The Sydows, 1910; Monoson, 1983) but Arthur made a note in PUR that it was a synonym of U. cnidoscoli. We also believe that it should be cited as a synonym. Some authors have treated Cnidoscolus as a subgenus of Jatropha. Berndt (2002) found old aecia on his collection from Argentina but excluded Aecidium cnidoscoli as an anamorph because Hennings (1895) described it originally as having spores with smooth walls. But the Sydows (1923) reported the walls as densely, minutely verruculose. Therefore, we include the Aecidium cnidoscoli as an anamorph connected to Uromyces cnidoscoli. Berndt (2002) reported his Argentine specimen as: aeciospores 23-31 x 18-24 m, wall about 1.5 m thick, slightly thicker at the angles, urediniospores 24-30 x 21.5-26 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid; teliospores 28-34 x 21-25 m; 28-34 m in diameter at equator, wall 2-3 m thick. UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburg 31: 342. 1888. TYPE on Commelina  sp. from South Yemen, Island of Socotra. (0/Icv IIpe/III). Synanamorphs Uredo commelinae Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 172. 1880. TYPE reported originally as on Commelina sulcata Bentham or Hoffmanseggia, corrected to Tradescantia gujanensis Miq. the same year, from Argentina, Rio de La Plata a la Recoleta, Feb 1880, Spegazzini s.n. = Uredo commelinaecea Ellis & Kelsey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 209. 1897. TYPE on Commelina elegans from The West Indies, date not reported. = Uredo ochracea Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 35. 1897. TYPE on Commelina sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, May 1884, Ule-138. = Uredo tosensis P. Hennings, Hedwigia (Beiblatt) 42: 107. 1903. (fide Sydow, P. & H., 1910. p. 352). = Uredo spegazzini DeToni in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 7: 845. 1888. Nom. nov. for Uredo commelinae Spegazzini. Aecidium mexicanum Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 36. 1897. TYPE on Cissus sp., Vitaceae, from Mexico, near Mexico City, 1 Oct 1896, Holway s.n. 0/I, not yet reported from Brazil. On Commelinaceae: only II, III.

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Commelina sp., Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 82; IAC-3801), Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 35), So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 2). Tradescantia elongata Meyer, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 149),So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 149; IBI-1733). Tradescantia gaudichaudina, So Paulo (IBI-335). Tradescantia sellowiana Kunth (Vigas, 1945: 82; IAC-3981). Tradescantia sp., So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 82; IAC-3314; IBI-12). Species undetermined, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 149), Rio Grande do Sul(Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 119). Uromyces commelinae has been reported circumglobally in warm regions under various names. But the complete synonomy of this rust has not been worked out. Cummins (1963: 77)[ Cummins, G. B. 1963. Life cycles of Southwestern rust fungi. Mycologia 55: 73-78. ] first reported the connection of Aecidium mexicanum to Uromyces commelinae. No collections of spermogonia and aecia have been reported from Brazil but have been recorded from Venezuela, Mexico, and Texas. See Puccinia commelinae for a comparison with that species. Uromyces cordiae P. Hennings, see Uredo pachystegiae Dietel (UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway). UROMYCES COSTARICENSIS H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 23: 312. 1925. TYPE on Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desvaux ex Ham.) Hitchcock & Chase fide Hitchcock (originally identified as Panicum altissimum Meyer) from Costa Rica, Grecia, 19 Jan 1925, H. Sydow-178. (?/?/ IIpe/III). On Gramineae. Lasiacis ligulata Hitchcock & Chase, Rio de Janeiro (Ramachar & Cummins, 1963: 53). Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desvaux ex Ham.) Hitchcock & Chase, Esprito Santo (IBI-4654). Lasiacis sp., Amap (IBI 17076), Gois (IBI-13651), Minas Gerais (IBI-16241), So Paulo (IBI13033). Uromyces costaricensis has been also from Venezuela, Trinidad, Central America, and the southernmost United States of America. Spermogonia and aecia uknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, yellowish-brown, without paraphyses; urediniospores (21-)24-29(-32) x (16-)20-23(-25) m, mostly obovoid; wall mostly about 1(-1.5) m thick, echinulate, golden- to near cinnamon-brown, pores 3 or 4, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, chocalate-brown, early exposed, erumpent; teliospores (22-)24-30(-34) x (14-)16-18(-20) m, mostly ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, wall 0.5 m thick at sides, 2-3 m thick above, golden to clear chestnutbrown, smooth; pedicels to 45 m long, thin-walled and collapsing, yellowish (Cummins, 1971). Thurston (1933) sent the type specimen of Uromyces costaricensis to Hitchcock at the U. S. National Herbarium who identified the host as Lasiacis sorghoidea. Puccinia lasiacidis Kern from Venezuela and and Phakopsora lenticularis (Mains) Buritic are the only other rusts that have been reported on Lasiacis. Uromyces costi P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 320. 1895. Type same as for Uromyces dichorisandrae. A later unnecessary nom. nov. for U. dichorisandra P. Hennings.. See PUCCINIA DICHORISANDRAE (P. Hennings) J. Hennen et al. UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) J. W. Baxter, Mycologia 54: 439. 1962. (?/?,II/III). ' Uropyxis crotalariae Arthur, Am. Jour Bot. 5:429. 1918. TYPE on Crotalaria vitellina Ker. from Guatemala, Dept. Amatitlan: Laguna, Lake Amatitlan, 17 Jan 1906, Kellerman-5397. ' Haplopyxis crotalariae (Arthur) H. Sydow & P. Sydow Ann. Mycol. 17: 105. 1919. = Uromyces harmsianus Doidge [as (P. Henn.) Doidge], Bothalia 2: 22. 1927. TYPE on Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. from South Africa, Natal: Scotsburgh, 5 July 1913, PoleEvans-6834. Anamorph Uredo harmsiana P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 39: (154). 1900. TYPE on Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. from South Africa, Natal, date?, Wood-199. On Leguminosae

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Crotalaria vitellina Kern, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931:346; Baxter, 1962: 439; Almeida 1975: 44). Uromyces crotalariae has been reported also from Central America, Mexico, and South Africa. Only uredinia of Uromyces crotalariae have been reported from Brazil, so to confirm its presence in Brazil, new collections with telia are needed. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, light cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis noticeable, pulverulent; urediniospores 22-30 x 20-24 m, broadly ellipsoid, obovoid or globoid, wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick, yellowish to golden-brown, echinulate, germ pores 6-8, mostly 8, scattered, with colorless, echinulate caps (Baxter, 1962, p. 437). Telia on abaxial side of leaves, black or chocolate-brown, pulverulent; teliospores oblate-spheroid, bluntly conoid or ovoid, assuming a globoid shape when turned to present the apical pore or point of pedicel attachment in surface view, oblate-spheroid teliospores 27-32 m broad x 20-27 m high, conoid or ovoid teliospores 20-27 m broad x 24-30 m high; wall bilaminate, inner layer 2-2.5 m, thinner and papillate at the point of pedicel attachment, chestnut-brown, pore apical, inconspicuous; outer layer swelling in water to a thickness of 3-10 m sharply indented at the point of pedicel attachment, colorless, yellow or pale cinnamon-brown, verrucose-echinulate, with short conical tubercles; pedicel 12-22 m long, thin-walled, colorless, usually breaking away at the point of attachment to the spore, occasionally persistent (Almeida, 1975). Rangel (1916) reported Uredo crotalariae-vitillinae also on Crotalaria vitellina from Rio de Janeiro. It may also belong here. Uromyces cuculatus H. Sydow &P. Sydow, see UROMYCES BLAINVILLEAE Uromyces cupaniae Arthur & Johnston, see SKIERKA CRISTATA Mains. UROMYCES DACTYLOCTENII Wakefield & Hansford, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 161: 170. 1949. TYPE on Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linnaeus.) Beauvois. from Uganda, Teso: Katakwi, Hansford 1653. (?/? IIpe/II). Anamorph Uredo dactylocteniicola Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 31: 392. 1922. TYPE on Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linnaeus) Beauvois from Paraguay: Asuncion, July 1919, ?Spegazzini-s.n. Uromyces dactylocteniicola (Spegazzini) Lindquist, Notas Mus. La Plata 8: 136. 1943. TYPE same as for Uredo dactylocteniicola Spegazzini. The teliospores described by Lindquist are probably strays from Uromyces sp. on Euphorbia sp. On Gramineae Microchloa indica (Linnaeus f.) P. Beauvois, Brazil, locality and date not reported, (Hennen, 1954: 101, Burchell-s.n.). Uromyces dactyloctenii has been reported also from Argentina, Paraguay, Kenya, Uganda, and the Philippines on Dactyloctenium. Specimens on Microchloa from Bolivia, Brazil, and Central Africa were reported originally as Uromyces microchloae Sydow (Hennen & Cummins, 1956). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 1-2 mm long, elliptical to oblong, blister-like, epidermis rupturing tardily and surrounding the sori afterwards, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; urediniospores 22-27 x 18-24 m, globoid to broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, echinulate, colorless to light golden to pale cinnamon-brown, pores 3-4, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter, intermixed with the uredinia, covered by the epidermis, forming irregular black spots; teliospores 23-30 x 18-24 m, irregular, globoid, obovoid or pyriform, usually angulate, fragile, wall 1-2 m thick at sides, 4-5 m thick at apex, chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicel up to 15 m long, usually broken off shorter, thin-walled, collapsing laterally, colorless or yellowish, fragil (Cummins, 1971). Uromyces dactylocteniicola (Spegazzini) Lindquist, see UROMYCES DACTLOCTENII Wakefield & Hansford. Uromyces densus Arthur, see UROMYCES BIDENTIS Lagerheim.

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UROMYCES DESMODIICOLA Joerstad var. DESMODIICOLA, Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 4: 75. 1959. TYPE on Desmodium albiflorum Salzmann, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: (0/Icv,IIpeIII). Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, opposite the aecia. Aecia on the abaxial side of leaves, in groups, round, peridium cupulate, margin somewhat erose, whitish; aeciospores-globoid or broadly ellipsoid, mostly with angular edges, 13-19 x 11-17 m, wall colorless, minutely verrucose, about 1 m thick. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, aparaphysate, minute, scattered or in groups, coalescent, ruptured epidermis noticeable, light cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; urediniospores globoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-19 x 13-18 m wall pale golden-brown, 1-1.5 m, thick, densely echinulate, with 3-4 equatorial or supraequatorial germ pores, without or with small, colorless, echinulate caps. Telia chestnut-brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores ellipsoid or broadly globoid, 18-26 x 13-17 m wall about light chestnut-brown 1.5-2 m thick, minutely reticulate, appearing minutely verrucose, with meshes to about 1 m diam, with a paler to colorless papilla to 4 m high at apex; pedicel colorless, thin-walled, mostly breaking near the hilum or to about 10 m long. (Almeida, 1975) UROMYCES DESMODIICOLA Joerstad var. DESMODII Almeida, var. nov. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia aparaphysate, yellowish, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, minute, scattered, soon naked, pulverulent; urediniospores globoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-19 x 13-16 m wall pale golden-brown, 1-1-5 m thick, densely echinulate, with 3(4), rarely 2, equatorial or slightly above the equator germ pores, without caps or with small, colorless, echinulate caps. Telia about darkish brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores broadly globoid, ovoid, ellipsoid or obovoid, 18-26 x 13-18 m, wall about light chestnut-brown, 1.5-2 m thick at sides, reticulate with meshes to 1.5-2 m diam, with a paler papilla at apex to 4-5 m high; pedicel colorless thin-walled, mostly breaking short or near the hilum, less frequently to about 20-35 m long. (Almeida, 1975) See Uromyces castaneus for a key to the species of Uromyces on Desmodium in Brazil. Uromyces desmodii-leiocarpi P. Hennings, see UROMYCES HEDYSARI-PANICULATI (Schweinitz) Farlow. UROMYCES DIANTHI (Persoon:Persoon) Niessl, Verh. Naturf. Ver. Brunn 10: 162. 1872. TYPE on  Dianthus caryophyllus Linnaeus, from Europe (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Uromyces caryophyllinus Winter, in Rabenhorst Krypt.-Fl. 1: 149. 1889. TYPE on Anamorph Uredo dianthi Persoon, Synopsis Methodica Fungorum p. 222. 1801. the type has uredinia and telia but only uredinia were described. On Caryophyllaceae: Dianthus caryophyllus Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (IBI-10581), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 122), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 62, IAC-506, IBI-1637). Uromyces dianthi occurs worldwide where carnations are grown. In older literature this species was often reported as Uromyces caryophyllinus. Spermogonia and aecia of this heteroecious rust have been reported only from Europe where they occur on Euphorbia sp., Euphorbiaceae. This rust develops on the stems and leaves forming large reddish brown, scattered or circinnate, dusty sori. Under some conditions the disease can be very destructive, killing heavily infected plants. Uromyces dichorisandrae P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA DICHORISANDRAE (P. Hennings) J. Hennen et al. UROMYCES DIETELIANUS Pazschke, Hedwigia 30: 199. 1891. TYPE on Bauhinia ?grandiflora Jussieu, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Tubaro, April 1890, E. Ule-1013. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Uromyces pannosus Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 30. 1905. TYPE on Bauhinia sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre near Menino Deus, 3 March 1902, G. Malme-s.n. On Leguminosae: Uromyces dietelianus has been reported also from Argentina and Uruguay.

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Almeida (1975) was first to describe spermogonia and aecia. He also reidentified a specimen reported by Vigas (1945: 70) and two Holway specimens reported by Jackson (1931: 344), all three collected in So Paul State, as Uromyces dietelianus var. dietelianus. Vigas and Jackson originally reported these as Uromyces perlebiae. Almeida (1975) separated specimens into two varieties: 1. Uredinia and telia distributed mainly along the leaf veins, urediniospores with (2-)3-4 (5-6) equatorial Uromyces dietelianus var. germ pores, teliospore pedicels not basally rugose nervicola inedit 1. Uredinia and telia mainly scattered on ab axial side of leaves, urediniospores with (3)4-5, rarely 6 or 7 Uromyces dietelianus var. equatorial germ pores, teliospore pedicels basally rugose dietelianus See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. UROMYCES DIETELIANUS Pazschke, Hedwigia 30: 199, 1891. var. DIETELIANUS. On Leguminosae: Bauhinia candicans Bentham, Rio Grande do Sul (Almeida, 1975: 57). Bauhinia forficata Link, So Paulo (Almeida, 1975: 57). Bauhinia grandiflora Jussieu, Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 97). Bauhinia pruinosa Vogel, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 127; Almeida, 1975: 57). Bauhinia sp., Ro de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 248; Sydow, 1907: 353; Jackson, 1931: 343; Almeida, 1975: 57), Rio Grande do Sul (Vestergren, 1905: 30), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 225; Almeida, 1975: 57), So Paulo (Almeida, 1975: 57; IBI-3305), Brasil (Pazschke, 1891: 199). Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, few, in groups. Aecia, on the abaxial side of leaves, opposite spermogonia, light cinnamon-brown, in groups, confluent, spores similar to urediniospores. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on the abaxial side, 0.1-0.5 mm diam, minute, scattered or in small groups, coalescent, pulverulent, yellow-brown to cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (18-)20-27(-29) x (15-)17-22 m, obovoid, ellipsoid or broadly globoid, wall 1-2 m thick, minutely echinulate, golden-brown, germ pores (3)4-5, rarely 6 or 7, equatorial or nearly equatorial, with small, colorless, echinulate caps. Telia about chestnut-brown or darkish brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores 22-28(-31) x (15-)17-21(-24) m, mostly obovoid, ellipsoid or broadly globoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, pale chestnut-brown to chestnut-brown, reticulate with meshes variable in size and shape to 2-3(-4) m diam, or sometimes forming a kind of labyrinth, with a paler, distinct and broad papilla or corona to 3-5 m high, often irregularly undulate or serrate at apex; pedicel breaking near the hilum or to about 25 long, less frequently to 35 m long, colorless, thin-walled, basally rugose (Almeida, 1975). UROMYCES DIETELIANUS Paz. var. NERVICOLA Almeida, inedit On Leguminosae: Bauhinia forficata Link and B. f. var. latifolia Bentham, Sao Paulo (Almeida 1975: 60). Bauhinia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Almeida 1975: 60). Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, few, in groups. Aecia, on the adaxial side of leaves, in groups, among or surrounding the spermogonia; aeciospores similar to urediniospores. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, minute or mostly in groups, coalescent, mostly arranged linearly along or on the veins or scattered, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown, or urediniospores not numerous, mixed with teliospores; urediniospores 21-2? x (13-)15-19 m, mostly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, golden-brown, minutely echinulate to echinulate, germ pores 3-4, rarely 2, 5 or 6, equatorial with small, colorless, echinulate caps. Telia chestnut-brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores 22-31(-33) x 18-24 m, mostly ellipsoid, obovoid or broadly globoid, wall 2-3 m thick at sides, light chestnut-brown to chestnut-brown, with a paler, distinct and broad papilla to 3-4 m high at apex, reticulate with meshes variable in size and shape to 3-0 m diam; the apex of the papilla usually appearing almost smooth in silhouette; pedicel breaking near the hilum or to 20-30 m long, less frequently to 40 um long, colorless, thin-walled, many collapsing, not basally rugose (Almeida, 1975). Uromyces dolichi Cooke, Grevillea 10: 127. 1882. The report on Eriosema volable Micheli

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(Leguminosae) from Santa Catarina, Ule-95 (Pazschke, 1892: 97) is mistaken, the fungus is a Synchytrium sp. , not rust. UROMYCES DOLICHOLI Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 27. 1906. TYPE on Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hooker var. texana (Torrey & Grey) M. C. Johnston, Leguminosae, [identified originally as Dolicholus texensis (Torrey & Grey) Vail] from The United States of America, Texas: San Angelo, 19 Oct 1904, C. L. Shear-s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo pamparum Spegazzini, Anal,. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 173. 1880. TYPE on Rhynchosia sp., probably R. senna, Leguminosae, from Argentina, Chacabuco, date?, F. LynchArribalzaga-s.n. = Uredo dolichi Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 513. 1906. TYPE on Rhynchosia reticulata DeCandolle (as Dolicholus reticulatus (Sw.) Millspaugh), from Cuba, Habana: Aguacate, 23 March 1903, E. W. D. Holway-s.n. The host genus was mistakenly reported originally as Dolichos and the original description published under the name Puccinia dolichi Arthur (Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 28. 1906). The teliospores described by Arthur were strays. Uromyces dolicholi Arthur has not been reported from Brazil, but it has been reported from nearby Paraguay, Argentina, and Colombia on Rhynchosia sp. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, cinnamonbrown or darker, powdery; urediniospores (19-)21-26(-28) x (17-)18-22(-24) m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid; wall (1.5-)2(-2.5) m thick, about cinnamon-brown, finely and uniformly echinulate, pores (2)3(4), equatorial, or slightly above, with obvious caps. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, yellowishbrown, a little powdery; teliospores (22-)27-35(-38) x (9-)11-14(-18) m, narrowly ellipsoid, or elongately obovoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick, at sides, pale golden, 3-6 m thick at apex by a nearly colorless umbo, smooth; pedicels up to 30 m long but usually broken at the hilum, colorless (Cummins, 1978). If present, the narrowly ellipsoid, of elongately obovoid teliospores with thin (0.5-1 m), pale golden walls, and 3-6 m thick, nearly colorless, apical umbo are helpful in identifying this species. Arthur et al. (1907-1940; part 11, 1926) and Cummins (1978) identified the rust on Cajanus cajan in the New World as Uromyces dolicholi but because telia have not been found on Cajanus cajun in the New World, we believe that the Cajunus rust should be called Uredo cajani H. Sydow & P. Sydow. We include collections of rust on Cajanus from Brazil under that name. The rusts Uromyces dolichi Cooke, Uromyces dolicholi Arthur, Uredo dolichi Arthur, Uredo cajani H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Uredo pamparum Spegazzini, and Puccinia dolichi Arthur that have been reported on Cajanus, Dolichos, and Rhynchosia are confusing. Viennot-Bourgin (1953) identified a rust with uredinia and telia on Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) from the Ivory Coast as Uromyces dolichi Cooke and discussed the problems of determining the correct holomorph names for rusts on Cajanus. Teliospores of the African Uromyces dolichi are reticulate. No telia have been reported in rust collections up to now on Cajanus cajun from the New World. Cummins (1978) identified collections on Cajanus from North America consisting of only uredinia as Uromyces dolicholi Arthur. Teliospores of U. dolicholi are smooth, and its type is on Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hooker var. texana (Torrey & Grey) M. C. Johnston [identified originally as Dolicholus texensis (Torrey & Grey) Vail] from Texas. But no inoculation experiments have been done that demonstrate that the rust on Rhynchosia would infect Cajanus cajan. Because telia of a Uromyces have not been found on Cajanus in the New World, we believe it best to identify these rust populations on Cajanus as the anamorph taxon Uredo cajani as did Hennen and McCain (1993). When abundant Uredo cajani causes defoliation and reduces yield of Cajanus cajani ("feijo guando", "pigeon pea"), a leguminous shrub that produces pods with edible seed rich in proteins, and grown in Brazil most often in home gardens.

UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 13: 327. 1901. TYPE on Tournefortia velutina Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Mexico Oaxaca: Oaxaca, 18 Oct 1899, Holway-3655. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). ' Klebahnia dolichospora (Dietel & Holway) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 480. 1907.

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Argomycetella dolichosporus (Dietel & Holway) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 20: 124. 1922. ' Poliotelium dolichosporum (Dietel & Holway) Mains, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 1975. 1939. Anamorph Uredo pachystegia Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 257. 1899. TYPE on Tournefortia sp., Boraginaceae (originally reported mistakenly as Vernonia sp., Compositae) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, Dec 1895, E. Ule-2165. Uredo pachystegia is the anamorph name for both aecia and uredinia of Uromyces dolichosporus. = Uromyces cordiae P. Hennings Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (129). 1899. Type on Tournefortia sp. (mistakenly reported originally as Cordia sp.) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 6 Oct, 1896, E. Ule-2376. Only uredinia are present. The identification of the host genus is corrected here but was first suggested by The Sydows (1924, p. 567). = Uromyces tournefortiae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 267. 1908. TYPE on Tournefortia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Botanical Garden, E. Ule-2535. Only uredinia are present (P. Sydow & H. Sydow, 1910). = Uredo vernoniae Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat. 5: 594. 1913. TYPE on Tournefortia sp. (originally reported mistakenly to be on Vernonia cf. mollis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) from Colombia, Antioquia: between Rio Amaga and Angelopolis, Central Andes, 9 Sept. 1912, Mayor-172g (LECTOTYPE). Not Uredo vernoniae P. Hennings, Uredo anisoderma P. Sydow & H. Sydow, Monogr. Ured 4: 400. 1924, nom. nov. for Uredo vernoniae Mayor. On Boraginaceae: Tournefortia sericea Vahl, Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 502), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 502). Tournefortia velutina Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson 1931: 502). Tournefortia villosa Salzman, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 307). Tournefortia sp., Minas Gerais (IBI-13178), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 257), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 502; IBI-1731), Brazil (Joerstad, 1956: 456). Uromyces dolichosporus has been reported also from Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves, few, scarttered,, inconspicuous,. Aecia associated with the spermogonia, otherwise like the uredinia. Uredinia 0.2-0.6 mm across, blister-like at first then erumpent, powdery, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, dark cinnamon- to chestnut-brown, more or less in circular groups or scattered over large areas, often on brownish, orbicular spots, on both sides of leavesa and on stems.. Anamorph spores (30-)32-42(-50) x (19-)21-23(-27) m, walls 2-2.5 m thick laterally, usually abruptly thickened 5-10 m apically, dark to light cinnamon-brown, strongly echinulate, spines (3-)4-7(-8) m apart, pores (2-)3(4), usually obvious, scattered around sides or more or less equatorial. Telia like the uredinia but pulvinate, orange-yellow or grayish-white by germination, ruptured epidermis inconspiculus; teliospores 3958 x 13-23, m, fusiform or cylindric, usually narrowed above and below, wall 1 m or less thick, colorless, not thickened at apex, smooth, pedicel once to twice the length of spore, colorless, persistent. Teliospores germinate without dormancy by apical elongation. The cinnamon- to chestnut-brown, abruptly, apically thickened anamorph spore walls of Uromyces dolichosporus are especially useful for identification. Uromyces dubiosus P. Hennings, see PUCCINIA HYPTIDIS-MUTABILIS Mayor. UROMYCES EMMEORHIZAE H. Sydow, Ann.Mycol. 28: 38. 1930. TYPE on Emmeorhiza umbellata (Sprengle) K. Schumman from Venezuela, El Limon, date not reported, Sydow-296. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Rubiaceae. Emmeorhiza umbellata (Sprengel) Schumann, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932:100). Uromyces emmeorhizae has been reported from Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, on indeterminate, yellowish spots, scattered or loosely grouped, minute, punctiform, pulverulent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, reddish brown, urediniospores 24-30 x 22-24 m, globoid, broadly ovoid, to pyriform, wall brownish, evenly echinulate, germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia similar to the uredinia but indistince, blackish brown, teliospores

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25-34 x 22-25 m, globose-ovoid, ellipsoid to pyriform, wall 1.5-2 m thick laterally, thickened at the apex with a papilla 7-11 m thick, smooth, chestnut-brown, pedicel up to 30 m long, 6-8 m wide, colorless (Sydow, 1930). UROMYCES ERAGROSTIDIS Tracy, Jour. Mycol.. 7: 281. 1893. TYPE on Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees from The United States of America, Mississippi: Starkville, Oct 1891, Tracy s.n. (0/Icv IIpe/III). Anamorph Aecidium anthericicola Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 45: 149dl. 1918. TYPE on Anthericum nanum Baker, Liliaceae, from Mexico, Mexico state: near Tlalpam, 30 June 1905, Rose, et al. 8246. Cummins (1963) proved the connection by inoculation using material from Arizona. On Gramineae. Eragrostis ciliaris (Linnaeus) Link, Rio de Janeiro (PUR-F2354), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 63; IAC-1443). Eragrostis pilosa (Linnaeus) Beauvois, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 307), Rio de Janeiro (PURF2355), So Paulo (IAC-1355, -2728). Eragrostis virescens Presl., So Paulo (IAC-7241). Uromyces eragrostidis has been reported also from Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, North America, and Africa and Asia. Spermogonia and aecia (Aecidium anthericicola Arthur; ? =A. antherici P. Hennings & Pole Evans, on species of Anthericum spp.), aeciospores 19-23 x 16-20 m, wall 1.5 m thick, colorless, verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves and on sheaths, yellowish brown; urediniospores (20-)21-29(-31) x (16-)18-23(-26) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or nearly globoid, wall 1.5 m thick, golden to pale cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores variable (3)4-8(-10), equatorial or tending equatorial when 3-5, scattered when 5-8, or bizonate when 7-10. Telia blackish brown, early exposed, compact; teliospores (22-)23-31(-34) x (16-)l8-23(-25) m, mostly obovoid, wall 1.5-2.5(-3) m thick at sides, 4-6(-8) m at apex, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels yellowish to brownish, thin-walled and usually collapsing, to 75 m long (Cummins, 1971). We measured urediniospore walls as 2-2.5 m thick on a specimen from So Paulo Botanical Garden (now Horto Florestal) collected by Puttemans-1773. Uromyces eriochloana H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Butler, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. Uromyces erythrinae Lagerheim see UROMYCES CLITORIAE Dietel. UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck in Peck, Ann. Rept. New York State Mus. 25: 90. 1873. TYPE reported as on Euphorbia hypericifolia L., perhaps E. maculata L., from United States of America, New York: Albany, date and collector not available. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). = Uromyces euphorbiicola (Berkeley Curtis) Tranzschel, Ann. Mycol. 8: 8. 1910. = Uromyces euphorbiicola Tranzschel, Ann. Mycol. 8: 8. 1910. = Uromyces tordillensis Spegazzini Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 214. 1899. Anamorph Uredo prominens DeCandolle, Fl. France 2: 235. 1805. ) Uredo prominens DeCandolle. ex Duby, Bot. Gall. p. 896, 1830. ) Uromyces prominens (DeCandolle) Lveill, 1847. Teleomorph not described. )Uromyces prominens (DeCandolle) Passerini in Rabenhorst Fung. Eur. No. 1795. 1873. Teleomorph not described. On Euphorbiaceae. Euphorbia heterophylla L., Rio de Janeiro (Barreto and Evans, 1998). Euphorbia hirta L. (sometimes reported as Euphorbia pilulifera L.)., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 309; Vigas & Teixeira, 1945: 50: IAC-5039), Par (Dietel, 1909: 262; Albuquerque, 1971: 149; IAN-578), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 63; IAC-2697), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 223), Rio de Janeiro (HNR-337; Barreto and Evans, 1998), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 471; Vigas, 1945: 63; IAC-66; Joerstad, 1956), Brasil (Tranzschel, 1910; 8).

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Euphorbia sp., Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 63; IAC-3804), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1904A: 79), Brasil (Rick, 1908: 106). Uromyces euphorbiae, reported often in older literature as Uromyces prominens, is a widespread species complex reported from throughout warmer regions of the world on many weedy species of Euphorbia. Most host species are separated sometimes as Chamaesyce spp. Spermogonia and aecia from systemic infections. Spermogonia on abaxial side of leaves, few, widely scattered. Aecia mostly on adaxial side of leaves, evenly and often densely scattered, short, cupulate; peridium somewhat recurved; peridial cells 18-25 x 13-19 m, rhomboid, slightly overlapping, outer facing wall 4-7 m thick, transversely striate to smooth, inner facing wall ca 3 m thick, somewhat striate and finely verrucose; aeciospores 15-18 x 13-19 m, globoid to broadly ellipsoid; wall ca 1 m thick, finely and densely verrucose, pale yellow or colorless. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, 0.4-1 mm across, scattered or sometimes in circular or crowded groups, erumpent, ruptured epidermis not conspicuous, powdery, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 19-23 x 15-20 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid; wall 1.5-2 m, moderately and sparsely echinulate, golden-brown; pores 3-6, scarttered. Telia on both sides of leaves, 0.4-1 mm across, scattered or sometimes in circular grups, erumpent, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, pulvinate, somewhat powdery, dark choclate-brown; teliospores 18-26 x 15-18 m, broadly ellipsoid obovoid, usually rounded at both ends; wall ca 1.5 m thick, cinnamon-brown, with a lighter colored, flattish or conical papilla over the germ pore, moderately verrucose with verrucae scattered or sometimnes arranged in more or less evident longitudinal rows; pedicel short, colorless, deciduous (Arthur, 1912). Teliospores are mostly verrucose, sometimes having the verrucae in irregular rows, and sometimes almost smooth. In some collections teliospores may be relatively thin-walled (1-1.5 m) or in others thicker (2-2.5 m). Urediniospores have germ pores often few (3-4) and more or less equatorial, or a few more pores and seemingly scattered. Some collections have been separated as distinct species or varieties, but there is much intergradation of morphological traits so that distinctly different, morphological taxa cannot be determined. See Arthur (1934) for additional references for synonyms. Uromyces fabae DeBary, see UROMYCES VICIAE-FABAE Schroeter. UROMYCES FLORALIS Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 23. 1905. (0/-,-/III). = Uromyces verus H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 32: 344. 1931. Type on Bauhinia rufa Stendal from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Belo Horozonte, 21 Nov 1921, Holway1319. On Leguminosae. Bauhinia cuyabensis Stendel, Mato Grosso (Vestergren, 1905: 223; Almeida, 1975: 50). Bauhinia hiemalis Malme, Mato Grosso (Vestergren, 1905: 23; Almeida, 1975: 50). Bauhinia holophylla Stendel, Minas Gerais (Vestergren, 1905: 23; Almeida, 1975: 50). Bauhinia rufa Stendel, Minas Gerais (Almeida, 1975: 50), So Paulo (Almeida, 1975: 50). Bauhinia sp., So Paulo (Vestergren, 1905: 23; Sydow, 1907: 253; Vigas, 1945: 65; IAC-3295). Uromyces floralis has been reported only from Brazil. The sori of Uromyces floralis are on the inflorescences and leaves. Spermogonia mixed with telia, few, punctiform, or lacking. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia, on flowers, stems, or on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown, scattered or in groups, coalescent, 1-10 mm to 15 mm long, long covered by the epidermis, later pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; teliospores obovoid, globoid or ellipsoid, (17-)20-24(-26) x (15-)17-20 m, wall golden or light cinnamon-brown, (l.5-)2-2.5(-3) m thick, minutely and uniformly reticulate with meshes about 1-1.5 m diam, slightly thickened at apex with a paler, low papilla to 2 m high; pedicel usually breaking near the hilum, rarely to about 80 m long, colorless, thin-walled (Almeida, 1975). See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. UROMYCES FLOSCOPAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 66. 1916. TYPE on Floscopa sp. from Brazil, Acre: Rio Acre, Seringal So Francisco, Oct 1911, Ule-3511 (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Uredo floscopae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 164. 1904. LECTOTYPE on Floscopa peruviana Hassk. from Brazil, Rio Jurua, Cachoeira, May 1901, Ule-2696.

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On Commelinaceae. Floscopa peruviana Hassk., Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 164). Floscopa sp., Seringal, So Francisco (Sydow, 1916: 66). Only one other collection of Uromyces floscopae has been reported: It is on Floscopa peruviana from Peru, Yurimaguas, Aug 1902, Ule-3173. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, soon erumpent, pulverulent, cinnamonm-brown; urediniospores 19-28 x 15-23 m, globoid, ovoid or ellipsord, wall 2 m thick, distinctly echinulate, yellowish-brown, germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, scattered, small, relatively compact, reddish brown; teliospores 19-24 x 15-18 m, ovlid or nellipsoed, rounded or somewhat narrowed at apex, wall 5-9 m thick at apex, yellowish or bright yellow-brown at sides, colorless or almost so at thickened apex, smooth, pedicel very short (H. & P. Sydow, 1924). UROMYCES FOVEOLATUS Juel, Bih. Till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 23: 16. 1897. TYPE on Bauhinia sp. from Brazil, Mato Grosso: near Cuiaba, 29 May 1893, Malme-s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae. Bauhinia hirsuta Vogel, Mato Grosso (Almeida, 1975: 54). Bauhinia mirandina Pittier, Minas Gerais (Almeida, 1975; 54). Bauhinia sp., Mato Grosso (Juel, 1897: 16), Minas Gerais (Almeida, 1975: 54). Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 343), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 343). Uromyces foveolatus has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown, Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.1-0.5 mm diam, scattered, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores , 22-26(-28) x 20-25 m, globoid to broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, golden-brown to light cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 4(5), rarely 6 or 3, equatorial, with colorless, echinulate caps. Telia blackish brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores 22-29 x 20-24 m, globoid to broadly globoid or ellipsoid, wall dark chestnut-brown, bilaminate, distinctly reticulate with meshes to 2-2.5 m diam, inner wall 1-1.5 m thick, outer wall not distinct, paler, 1.5-2.5 m thick, thinner toward the base, and thicker at apex, usually forming a paler and distinct umbo, also reticulate, to 3-5 m high; pedicel to about 20-25 long, colorless, thin-walled, basally rugose (Almeida, 1975). See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. Uromyces galactiae Rezende & Dianese, see UROMYCES NEUROCARPI Dietel Uromyces gemmatus Berkeley & Curtis, see UROMYCES BRASILIENSIS Trotter. Uromyces giganteus Dietel, see UROMYCES BRASILIENSIS Trotter.

UROMYCES GERANII___________________. On Geraniaceae. Geranium sp., Brazil, state not listed (IBI 17538).
UROMYCES GOYAZENSIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 89. 1895. TYPE on Bauhinia from Brazil, Gois: Meiponte, August 1892, Ule-1907. (-/-,-/III). On Leguminosae. Bauhinia sp., Esprito Santo (Vigas, 1945: 65), Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 89), Almeida, 1975: 49), So Paulo (Almeida, 1975: 49; IAC-1969). Uromyces goyazensis has been reported only from Brazil. The blackish-brown telia occur on branches of the inflorescence, are confluent and elongate up to 2 cm, and powdery. Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia on branches of inflorescence and on fruits, minute, round, or in groups, confluent, 0.2-0.5 cm to 2 cm across, cushion-shaped, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, pulverulent, dark cinnamon-brown; teliospores (18-)20-30(-32) x (15-)18-22(-24) m, ellipsoid, obovoid or globoid, wall 2-3 m thick, pale brown, slightly thickened at apex to 2 m high with a paler, low papilla not abruptly differentiated, slightly and minutely reticulate, appearing smooth, with meshes about 0.5-1 m diam; pedicel, breaking near the hilum, or mostly to 80-100 m long, colorless, thin-walled (Almeida, 1975).

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See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. Uomyces guatemalensis Vestergren, see UROMYCES BAUHINIAE P. Hennings. UROMYCES GURANIAE Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia(?) unknown. Urediniospores in telia, 19 26 x 15 - 19 m, broadly ellipsoid or globoid, wall 1 - 1.5 m thick, yellowish or pale cinnamon-brown, moderately echinulate; pores 2, equatorial. Telia on abaxial side of leaf, without spots, 1 - 1.5 mm across, scattered, to grouped, round, sometimes confluent, dark brown, soon erumpent powdery; teliospores 15 - 19 x 16 -24 m, globoid to ovoid, rounded or sometimes narrowed above; wall 2 - 2.5 m thick at sides, up to 7 m thick at apex, light brown but often darker aove, pore apical; pedicel up to 40 m long x 3 - 5 m wide, hyaline, persistent. (telial description after Mayer, 1913; uredinial description after Kern, et al., 1933). Uromyces harmsiana P. Hennings, see UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) J. W. Baxter. Uromyces harmsianus Doidge, see UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) J. W. Baxter. UROMYCES HEDYSARI-PANICULATI (Schweinitz) Farlow in Ellis, N. Amer. Fung. no 246. 1879. NEOTYPE on Desmodium paniculatum (Linnaeus) DeCandolle from The United States of America, New Jersey: Newfield, 1879, Ellis [Neotype chosen by Cummins (1978) from the exsiccati "North American Fungi number 246"]. (?/?,II/III). Puccinia hedysari-paniculati Schweinitz, Schrift. Naturf. Ges. Leipzig 1: 74. 1822. = Uromyces desmodii-leiocarpi P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 1. 1909. TYPE on Desmodium leiocarpum G. Don from Brazil, So Paulo, So Paulo Botanical Garden, July 1902, Puttemans-107. Anamorph Uredo desmodii-tortuosi P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 252. 1896. TYPE on Desmodium tortuosum DeCandolle from Puerto Rico, Fajardo, 17 April 1885, O. Sintenis-s.n. = Uredo desmodiicola Spegazzini, Anal. Museo. Nac. Buenos Aires (Argentina) 6:234. 1899. TYPE on Desmodium sp. from Argentina, Buenos Aires: La Plata, Feb 1890, Spegazzini-s.n. = Uredo desmodii-leiocarpi P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 107. 1902. TYPE on Desmodium leiocarpum G. Don from Brazil, So Paulo: So Paulo Botanical Garden, 23 April 1901, G. Don-209. = Uredo amagensis Mayor, Soc. neuchatel. dees Sc. nat. 5: 584. 1913. LECTOTYPE on Desmodium tortuosum DeCandolle from Colombia, Antioquia: Rio Amaga, 26 Aug 1910, Mayor-267. On Leguminosae Desmodium leiocarpum, G. Don, So Paulo (Almeida, 1975: 41). Desmodium uncinatum DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro (Almeida, 1975: 41), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 127; Almeida, 1975: 41), So Paulo (Almeida, 1975: 41). Desmodium sp., Federal District (IBI 12477), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI 14355), Minas Gerais (Almeida, 1975: 41), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings,1896: 224; Jackson, 1931: 353; Almeida, 1975: 41), Rio Grande do Sul (Almeida, 1975: 41), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 353; Almeida, 1975: 41). Uromyces hedysari-paniculati has been reported as being widespread on many species of Desmodium from Argentina to The United States of America. Spermogonia on the adaxial side of leaves or lacking. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves, on the abaxial side of leaves, in small groups, peridium cupulate, whitish, with erose margin; aeciospores 15-22(-24) x 13-18(-23) m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, mostly with angular edges, wall colorless, about 1 m thick, minutely verrucose. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, minute, with ruptured epidermis noticeable, pulverulent, light cinnamon-brown; paraphyses mostly clavate, many 12-20 m wide apically, colorless; urediniospores 19-24(-26) x 16-22 ) m, broadly ellipsoid, obovoid or globoid, wall 1-2 m thick, echinulate, golden-brown, germ pores (3)4-7(8), scattered, with colorless, echinulate caps. Telia mostly on

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the abaxial side of leaves, or adaxial, darkish brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores 20-29(-32) x 15-22 m, ovoid, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid or subgloboid, wall (2-)2.5-3 m at sides, chocolate-brown or chestnut-brown, with a paler umbo 4-7 m thick at apex, varying from verrucose, with irregular warts and ridges forming a kind of labyrinth, to irregularly or regularly reticulate; pedicel to 40-60 m long, colorless, but mostly brownish yellow near hilum, some collapsing (Almeida, 1975). Almeida (1975) records the more important traits that help to identify Uromyces hedysari-paniculati as: uredinia with colorless, mostly clavate paraphyses, many of these 12-20 m wide apically, urediniospores with (3-)4-7(-8) scattered germ pores, and teliospore walls varying from verrucose with irregular warts and ridges forming a kind of labyrinth to regularly or irregularly reticulate. The reports of an Aecidium sp. as an aecial stage of Uromyces hedysari-paniculati in South America requires confirmation. See Uromyces castaneus for a key to the species of Uromyces on Desmodium in Brazil. Uromyces hellerianus Arthur, see UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini. UROMYCES HEMMENDORFII Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 32. 1905. TYPE on Bauhinia forficata Link (Leguminosae) from Brazil, So Paulo: Fazenda Santa Albertina near Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, 28 Dec 1899, Hemmendorf-s.n. (?/?,II/III). Uromyces hemmendorfii has been reported with certainty only from the type. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia not seen. Urediniospores in telia (only a few seen), 23-28 x 15-17 m, ellipsoid or ovoid, wall 2 um thick, sparsely echinulate, yellow-brown, germ pores 4, equatorial. Telia on adaxial side of leaves, scattered, punctiform, pulverulent, chestnut-brown; teliospores 18-22 x 16-18 m, globoid, subgloboid or broadly ellipsoid, apex rounded, wall , 2.5 m thick, minutely reticulate, yellow-brown, with a papilla to 2.5 m high or absent; pedicel short, deciduous (Almeida, 1975). Traits that help to identify the species are: uredinia without paraphyses, urediniospores with four equatorial germ pores, teliospores 18-22 x 16-18 m, without a broad and distinct corona or papilla, teliospore walls minutely reticulate, yellow brown, and not bilaminate. The identifications of the collections reported by Vigas (1945) and Jackson (1931) need to be confirmed. See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. UROMYCES HERTERIANUS Dietel, Rev. Sudamericana de Botanica 4: 81. 1937. TYPE on Spermococe verticillata Linnaeus from Uruguay, Durazno: Rio Yi, 12 March 1928, Herter-83168. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Rubiaceae. Spermacoce sp., So Paulo (IBI 14225). Uromyces herteranus has been reported also from Uruguay and Argentina. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, urediniospores 25-32 x 20-22 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, the wall 1.5-2 m, thick, pardusca brillante, echinulate, germ pores 2(-3), equatorial; telia long covered by the epidermis, teliospores 29-43 x 22-29 m, ellipsoid, globoid, or irregularly angular due to pressure, narrowed or truncate above, wall 2-2.5 m thick laterally, 4-6 m above, smooth, chestnut-brown, pedicel about the same length as the spore, lightly pigmented (Lindquist, 1982). See also Uromyces holmbergii which appears to be very similar. UROMYCES HETERANTHERAE P. Sydow & H. Sydow. [as (P. Henn.) Syd.] Mon. Ured. 2: 291. 1910. TYPE. The Sydows did not report the specimen from which they described teliospores. See Uredo heterantheraebelow for two collections reported by Hennings. Presumably the Sydows described teliospores from Ule-1006, which was distributed in the excicatti Rabenhorst & Winter, Fungi europi, No. 3829, which was cited by the Sydows. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo heterantherae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 248. 1896. TYPE on Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavon, Pontederiaceae, from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau. Two collections were reported by Hennings: Nov 1887, Ule-895; Tubero, and Feb 1889, Ule-1006. Known only from these two collections. Uromyces heterantherae has been reported only from the two specimens listed above.

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Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on minute, yellowish to brownish spots both sides of leaves, scattered or sometimes in groups, erumpent, the ruptured epidermis evident, powdery, yellow-brown to brown, urediniospores 18-28 x 18-25 m, globoid, subgloboid, ovoid to ellipsoid, wall more or less evenly 1-1.5 m thick, lightly echinulate, yellow to yellow-brown, pores mostly 4 (5-8), equatorial. Teliospores mixed in the uredinia 20-28 x 14-20 m, ovoid to pyriform, rounded above, wall 6-11 m thick above, smooth, chestnut-brown, pedicel as long as or somewhat longer than the spore, thick-walled, colorless but colored near the spore, persistent (The Sydows, 1910). Uromyces hieronymianus P. Hennings, see PROSPODIUM SINGERI Petrak UROMYCES HOLMBERGII Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11: 479. 1889. TYPE on Mitracarpus sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Apiahy, April 1888, Puiggari-2607. (?/Icv/IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo holmbergii Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 74. 1881. LECTOTYPE on Mitracarpus sellowianus Chamisso & Schlectendal from Argentina, Buenos Aires: FTigre, March 1881, Holmberg (LPS-4478). Lectotype designated by Lindquist, 1951: 1-3. On Rubiaceae. Diodia dasycephala Chamisso & Schlechtendahl, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 62), So Paulo (IBI-16968A). Mitracarpus sp., So Paulo (Spegazzini, 1889; 479). Spermococe verticillata Linnaeus [ Borreria verticillata (Linnaeus) Meyer], Par (Museu Goeldi). Uromyces holmbergii has been reported only from Argentina and Brazil. Spermogonia unknown. Aecia in small groups on the abaxial side of leaves; peridial cells polygonal, outer facing wall smooth, inner facing wall verucose, aeciospores 14-18 x 16-18 m, narrowly ellipsoid or polyhedral by compression, wall thin, colorless, with very small spines. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown, errumpent, surrounded by the broken epidermis; urediniospores 22-26 x 16-20 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, spines easily visible and well spaced, germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves and on stems, 0.1-0.7 m across, long covered by the epidermis, blackish, easily overlooked, those on stems larger and more obvious; teliospores 24-30 x 22-25 m, ellipsoid, globoid to polyhedral by compression, wall 1.5-2 m thick at sides, 3.5-4 m at apex, smooth, chestnut-brown, pedicel as long as or longer than spore, colorless (Lindquist, 1982: 203). Uromyces herterianus Dietel, reported above and recorded on Spermococe sp., is very similar. Its teliospores are 29-43 x 22-29 m with apical walls 4-6 m thick. Uromyces howei Peck, see UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke. Uromyces hyperici Curtis, see UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke. Uromyces hyperici-frondosi (Schweinitz) Arthur, see UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke. UROMYCES HYPOXIDIS Cooke, Grevillea 10: 127. 1881. On Amaryllidaceae. Hypoxis decumbens L., So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 65; IAC-3219). Uromyces imperfectus Arthur, the report by Thurston, 1940, is erroneous fide Almeida, 1975. UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway in Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 16. 1903. TYPE on Dicliptera sp. from Mexico: Morelia, 18 Oct 1899, Holway-. (?/?,IIcv/III). Uromycopsis indurata (H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway) Arthur , Result. Sci. Congr. Intern. Bot., Wien 1905,p. 345. 1906. Groveola indurata (H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway) H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 19: 173. 1921. Anamorph Aecidium tweedianum Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 11(?17). 1880. TYPE on

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Dicliptera tweediana from Argentina, Boca del Riachuela, Apr 1880, Spegazzini-s.n. Pucciniola tweediana (Spegazzini) Arthur, N. Amer. Flora 7: 453. 1921. Uromyces tweedianus (Spegazzini) Bartholomew, Handbook North American Ured., ed. 1,p. 73. 1928. On Acanthaceae. Dicliptera squarrosa Nees, Santa Catarina (Laundon, 1963: 82). Dicliptera sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 254). Justicia racemosa Ruiz & Pavon, Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 254). Uromyces induratus has been reported also from Argentina, Bolivia, and Mexico. Reports of Aecidium tweedianum from Ethiopia, India, and Indonesia need to be confirmed. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia reported as aecia (Aecidium tweedianum) on abaxial side of leaves, 0.15-0.25 mm diam, cupulate, densely grouped on spots to 8 mm across, causing some hypertrophy, subepidermal in origin, peridial cells 23-32 x 13-19 m, rectangular to rhomboidal in face view, external walls 4-6 m thick, striate, internal walls 2-3 m, labyrinthiform-rugose; urediniospores 16-21 x 13-17 m in diameter, globoid, often angular, wall 0.75-1 m thick, irregularly closely and inconspicuously verrucose, colorless. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, often grouped in close association with the uredinia or on stems, very dark brown, about 1 mm in diameter or up to 3 mm long on stems, stromatic, the paraphyses darkely pigmented, dividing the sorus into a number of chambers; teliospores 25-33 x 13-17 m, variable, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, fusiform, obovoid, etc., obtuse or acute, wall 1-2 m thick at sides, 3-6 m thick above, pale yellowish to colorless, smooth, pedicel about 30 m long, persistent colored like the spores (Laundon, 1963). No spermogonia have been reported yet for this species. We consider the Aecidium sori as uredinia but they have been reported as aecia. When spermogonia are discovered the aecia will probably have the morphology also of this Aecidium. A report (Hennings, 1896: 257) of Aecidium wittmackianum P. Hennings on Dicliptera from Santa Catarina is misstaken, the rust is Aecidium tweedianum Spegazzini, anamorph of Uromyces induratus. Aecidium wittmackianum P. Hennings is an anamorph of Puccinia thunbergiae M. C. Cooke and has been reported on several genera of Acanthaceae from Africa and Asia. Uromyces induratus is the type of the monotypic genus Groveola Sydow, a genus not used any more. Uromyces ingaeiphilus Spegazzini, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. Uromyces ingicola P. Hennings, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. UROMYCES INSIGNIS P. Sydow & H.Sydow, Mon. Ured. 2: 6. 1910. TYPE on Melanthera sp.(recorded originally as Echinocephalum latifolium Gardner), Compositae, from Brazil, place and date not recorded, Sellow s.n. (?/?,II/III). Uromyces insignis has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. Uromyces insularis Arthur, see UROMYCES NEUROCARPI Dietel. UROMYCES IPATINGAE Ferreira & Y. Hiratsuka., Fitopat. Bras. 1: 219. 1976. TYPE on Clitoria fairchildiana Howard (= Clitoria racemosa Bentham) from Brazil, Par: Anamorph: Uredo goeldii R. T. Almeida, Fitopat. Bras. 1: 219. 1976. TYPE on Clitoria fairchildiana Howard (=Clitoria racemosa Bentham), Leguminosae, from Brazil, Par (Almeida, 1976: 219, IAN-884 On Leguminosae

Uromyces janiphae Arthur, see UROMYCES JATROPHAE Dietel & Holway. UROMYCES JATROPHAE Dietel & Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 24: 25. 1897. TYPE on

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Jatropha multifida L. from Mexico, Jalisco: Guadalajara, 12 Oct, 1896, Holway-691. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph. Uredo janiphae Winter, Grevillea 15: 86. 1887. TYPE on Manihot utilissima Pohl (identified originally as Janipha manihot) from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, June 1885, Ule362. ' Uromyces janiphae (Winter) Arthur, Mycologia 7: 190. 1915. Arthur found telia on a specimen collected by Holway-5050 at Guadalajara, Mexico. This specimen is the type of Uromyces dichrous Vestergren (Micro. Rar. Sel. 1516. in 1913) which Arthur termed a hyponym. On Euphorbiaceae. Manihot esculenta, Pernambuco (IBI 15512, as Manihot utilissima), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 97; Hennings, 1896: 248), Sergipe (IBI-10889), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 66, Brasil (Winter, 1887: 167). Uromyces jatrophae has been reported also from Colombia,some Caribbean Islands, and Mexico. See Uromyces carthagenensis for a comparison of the six species of Uromyces known to infect Manihot. Uromyces jatrophicola P. Hennings, see UROMYCES CNIDOSCOLI P. Hennings.

UROMYCES JUNCI (Desmazires)Tulasne, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. II. 2: 146. 1854. (0/I IIpe/III). Puccinia junci Desmazires, Pl. Crypt. p. 81. 1825. TYPE on Juncus acutiflorus Hoffmann from France, place date, cololector not available. Anamorph Aecidium zonale Duby, Bot. Gall. 2: 906. 1830. On Juncaceae. Juncus sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 226). Uromyces junci has been reported to be widespread in the Americas, from Argentina and Chile to Canada, and in Europe. Hennen and McCain (1991) compared anamorph traits of species of Uromyces on Juncus from the Americas as follows.
Key to help identify species of Uromyces on Juncus in the Americas 2 1. Urediniospore germination pores two, equatorial 3 1. Urediniospore germination pores more than two or supraequatorial U. junci. (widespread in the Americas and Europe). 2. Urediniospores small, 18-28 m long U. occultus. (Argentina and Brazil). 2. Urediniospores larger, 25-36 m long U. silphii. (widespread in the Americas). 3. Germ pores two, supraequatorial U. junci-effusi. (The United States of America). 3. Germ pores three to four, equatorial Arthur (1934) discussed the problems with the taxonomy of species of Puccinia and Uromyces on Juncus. He concluded that U. junci, U. junci-effusi, and U. silphii could be considered as variable forms of one polymorphic species. Lindquist (1982) also reported that Uromyces silphii could be considered as a variety of Uromyces juncii because of the variability in the position of the germ pores of the urediniospores. But neither Arthur or Lindquist made a formal nomenclatural change. Arthur (1934) reported that Uromyces junci, Uromyces junci-effusi, and Uromyces silphii are correlated with Puccinia littoralis Rostrup, a macrocyclic, heteroecious, Eurasian species on Juncus that is unknown in The Americas. Uromyces lantanae Spegazzini, see PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farlow. UROMYCES LATHYRINUS Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 71. 1881. TYPE on Lathyrus clymenum from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Boca del Riachuelo, Sept 1880, Spegazzini-s.n. (0/I,II/III). = Uromyces clavatus Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 27. 1897. TYPE on Lathyrus magellanicus Lamarck from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, Jan 1891, Ule-1648, and 1649. A lectotype needs to be chosen. Synanamorphs Uromyces chilensis Dietel & Neger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 154. 1897. TYPE on Lathyrus

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magellanicus Lamarck and Lathyrus multiceps Clos from Chile, at the foot of Mount Copahue, date not reportred, F. Neger-s.n. A lectotype needs to be chosen. Telia not described. The name needs to be transferred to an appropriate anamorph genus. Aecdium lathyrinum Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 78. 1888. TYPE on Lathyrus clymenium from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Boca del Riachuelo, Sept 1880, Spegazzinis.n. On Leguminosae. Lathyrus magellanicus Lamarck, Santa Catarina (Dietel, 1897: 27). Lathyrus multiceps Clos, Brasil (Almeida, 1975: 36; Silveira, 1951).

Vicia tenuifolia Roth, Brasil (Almeida, 1975: 36; Silveira, 1951).

Uromyces lathyrinus has been reported also from Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Spermogonia on the abaxial side of leaves or caulicolous, a few among the aecia. Aecia densely grouped, peridium whitish to yellowish, margin somewhat erose; aeciospores 15-26 x 13-20 m, broadly globoid to broadly ellipsoid, mostly with angular edges; wall about 0.5-1 m thick, colorless, minutely verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or caulicolous, scattered, minute, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, pulverulent, yellow-brown to light cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 22-29 x 20-25 m, globoid, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, minutely echinulate, golden-brown, germ pores (5)6-8, scattered, with colorless, minutely echinulate caps. Telia on both sides of leaves or caulicolous, to 1 mm across, scattered, compact, cinnamon-brown becoming grayish; teliospores 30-45 x 13-20 m, mostly fusiform or clavate, wall about 0.5-1 m thick at sides, pale yellow-brown, smooth, to 8 m thick at apex; pedicel to 10 m wide, breaking short or to 60-70 m long, colorless, thin-walled (Almeida, 1975). Almeida (1975) concluded that Uromyces clavatus was a synonym of Uromyces lathyrinus and traits that help identify Uromyces lathyrinus include: teliospore walls smooth, urediniospores with a variable number, (5-)6-8, scattered germ pores. Lindquist (1982) concluded that there were two species that could be identified as follows: Uromyces clavatus has urediniospores that are 26-30 x 23-28 m with walls 2.5-3 m thick; on Lathyrus spp.; Uromyces lathyrinus has urediniospores that are 21-25 x 16-23 m with walls 1.5-2 m thick, on Vicia spp. Uromyces leptodermus H. Sydow & P. Sydow, see UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino. Uromyces loesenerianus (P. Hennings) P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , see KUEHNEOLA LOESENERIANA (P. Hennings) H.S. Jackson & Holway. UROMYCES LORANTHI H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 19: 54 1927. TYPE on Loranthus sp., Lornanthaceae, from Brazil, Minas Gerais: Sabar, 2 Dec 1921, Holway-1358. (?/?,II/III). Uromyces loranthi has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil. See Uromyces circumscriptus for a key to the species of Uromyces on Loranthaceae in the New World. Uromyces lucumae Dietel, vide MARAVALIA LUCUMAE (Dietel) Y. Ono. Uromyces lupini Berkeley & Curtis, Proc. Ameri. Acad. Sci. 4: 127. 1858. Almeida (1975) did not include this species from Brazil. Cummins (1978) recorded this species only from North America. Specimens identified as this species from Brazil are probably misidentified. UROMYCES MANIHOTICOLA P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 90. 1895. TYPE on Manihot coerulescens Pohl from Brazil, Gois: "oberes Maranogebiet", Sept 1892, Ule-1916. (-/-,-III). On Euphorbiaceae. Manihot coerulescens Pohl , Gois (Hennings, 1895: 90). Manihot esculenta, Minas Gerais (IBI 13499). Uromyces manihoticola has been reported only from Brazil. See Uromyces carthagenensis for a comparison of the six species of Uromyces known to infect Manihot.

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UROMYCES MANIHOTIS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 34: 90. 1895. TYPE on Manihot sp. from Brazil, Gois: Gois, Jan 1893, Ule-1998. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Euphorbiaceae. Manihot esculenta Cranz, Cear (IBI 15984), Minas Gerais (PUR-F18709), Par (IAN-878;), Pernambuco (Pickel, 1936: 209), Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 66; IAC-51), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 66; IAC-3283). Manihot sp., Gois (Hennings, 1895A: 90), Paraba (IBI 15650), Rio de Janeiro (Vigas, 1945: 66). Uromyces manihotis has been reported also from Colombia. See Uromyces carthagenensis for a comparison of the six species of Uromyces known to infect Manihot. Uromyces manihotis is a pathogen of one of the most basic food sources in Brazil. Up to now it has been sporadic with only slight damage. But it may have the potential to become an important limiting factor in Manihot production. UROMYCES MANIHOTIS-CATINGAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 266. 1908. TYPE on Manihot catinga Ule from Brazil, Bahia: Remanso, Jan 1907, Ule-3322. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Euphorbiaceae. Manihot catinga Ule, Bahia (Hennings, 1908: 266). Manihot glaziovii Mueller-Arg., Cear (Sydow, 1916: 65). Manihot sp., Minas Gerais (PUR-F19006), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 67; IAC-3821), So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 67; IAC-3476). Uromyces manihotis-catingae has been reported only from Brazil. See Uromyces carthagenensis for a comparison of the six species of Uromyces known to infect Manihot. ? UROMYCES MEGALOSPERMUS Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 218-219. 1898. TYPE on Tessaria absinthioidis, Compositae, from Argentina, Tucumn, Jan 1895, Spegazzini-s.n. (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Uredo tessariae Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 12: 75. 1881. TYPE on Tessaria absinthioides, Compositae, from Argentina, Cordillera de la Rioja, near Vega del Jaguel, March 1879, Hieronymus. ' Uromyces tessariae (Spegazzini) Lindquist, Notas del Museo de La Plata 13 (Bot.): 37. 1949. Lindquist described telia from the type of Uromyces megalospermus. The type of Uredo tessariae has no telia. = Uredo scopigena P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 160. 1904. TYPE on Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pavon, Compositae, (not Eupatorium sp. as originally reported by Hennings) from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-miri, Aug 1901, Ule-3082. The presence of this rust in Brazil is questionable. The only report is that of Uredo scopigena from Amazonas cited above. But Lindquist (1982) recorded Uredo scopigena as an anamorph name connected to Puccinia tessariae Dietel, not to Uromyces megalospermus. However, Lindquist reports that the uredinia of Uromyces megalospermus occur on witches' brooms, which is a trait of Uromyces megalospermus and not of Puccinia tessariae. New collections of this rust are needed to confirm its presence in Brazil. Uromyces megalospermus has been reported also from Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, and Colombia. Uromyces medicaginis Passerini, vide UROMYCES STRIATUS Schroeter. UROMYCES MICROCHLOAE Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 1: 15. 1903. The specimens on Microchloa indica (Linnaeus) Beauvois, Gramineae, reported as Uromyces microchloae (Hennen, 1956: 157) in the original Index have been reidentified as Uromyces dactyloctenii Wakefield & Hansford (Cummins, 1971). UROMYCES MIKANIAE Vigas, Bragantia 5: 68. 1945. TYPE on Mikania sp., Compositae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Alto da Serra, 12 Jan 1936, A. E. Jenkins & H. Krug 1384 (?/?,IIcv/III). Uromyces mikaniae has been reported only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this rust still occurs in Brazil.

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Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia in the genus Aecidium; scattered in groups on the adaxial side of leaves, cupulate; peridial cells 25-28 x 16-17 m, polyhedrical, outer facing wall transversly striate, inner facing wall smooth; urediniospores 16-20 x 15-16 m, globoid, polyhedric by pressure; wall very thin, minutely verrucose, pores obscure. Telia mostly on abaxial side of leaves, with brownish paraphyses forming locules 120-140 across x 80-100 m high, dark brown to blackish, shiny; teliospores 2440 x 16-20 m, variable in form, mostly piriform, wall up to 8 m apically, smooth, brownish; pedicel 20-30 m long, cylindrical, brownish (Vigas, 1945). Uromyces mikaniae in which telia are loculate and the teliospores are all or mostly one-celled, is a variation of Puccinia mikaniae. See Chrysocyclus mikaniae for a key to help identify rusts on Mikania in the Neotropics. UROMYCES MYRSINES Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 26. 1897. TYPE on Myrsine sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Orgos, Dec 1891, Ule-1818, and Minas Gerais: Oro Preto, Jan 1892, Ule-1869 (We choose Ule-1869 as the lectotype here). (-/-,-/III). = Uromyces rhapaneae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 1. 1908. TYPE on Rhapanea sp., Myrsinaceae, from Brazil, So Paulo: Osasco, date not reported, Puttemans-1290. The host genus was misspelled, it should be Rapanea. It is a synonym of Myrsine. = Uromyces usterianus Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 6: 96. 1908. TYPE on Myrsine sp., originally reported mistakenly as Myrtaceae, from Brazil, SoPaulo, March 1907, Usteri s.n. On Myrsinaceae. Ardisia compressa (Grillo, 1936: 144). Icacorea sp. (Ardisia?), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 490). Myrsine umbellata Martius, Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 79), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 490), Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 133). Myrsine sp., Minas Gerais (Dietel, 1897: 26), Paran (Joerstad, 1959: 79), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1897: 26; 1899: 248), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 354). Rapanea sp. (now considered as a synonym of Myrsine), Federal District (PUR-F19158), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 490; Hennings, 1908: 1; Puttemans-1290). Species undetermined, So Paulo (Dietel, 1908: 96), Brasil (Rick, 1907: 337). Uromyces nerviphilus (Grognot) Hotson, see UROMYCES TRIFOLII-REPENTIS Liro. UROMYCES NEUROCARPI Dietel, Hedwigia 34: 292. 1895. TYPE on Clitoria laurifolia Poiret [=Clitoria cajanifolia (Presl) Bentham (reported first as Neurocarpon cajanifolium Presl)] from Brazil, Bahia: date of collection not reported, rust specimen from a phanerogamic specimen in the herbarium at Leipzig University, Germany on a specimen collected by Lhotsky. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). = Uromyces rostratus P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 227. 1896. TYPE on Clitoria sp. (reported originally erroniously as Eriosema sp.) from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, June 1887, Ule705. = Uromyces insularis Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 515. TYPE on Clitoria laurifolia Poiret [=Clitoria cajanifolia (Presl) Bentham] from Puerto Rico, near Dorado, 18 May 1887, I. Urban from herbarium sheet number 80339 in the Field Museum in Chicago. = Uromyces erythrinae Lagerheim in Sydow, P. Sydow & H. Sydow. , Monogr. Ured. 2: 357. 1909. TYPE on Clitoria sp., mistakenly reported as Erythrina sp., from Ecuador, Puente de Chimbo, date not reported, Lagerheim s.n.. = Uromyces galactiae Rezende & Dianese, Fitopatologia Brasileira 28:500. 2003. TYPE on Galactia peduncularis (Bentham) Taub. from Brazil, Federal District: Planaltina, Ecological Station of guas Emendadas, 27 Feb 1997, M. Sanchez-2359. (?/?,II/III). See description below. On Leguminosae: Centrosema sp., Par (IBI-16064A). Clitoria laurifolia Poiret [=Clitoria cajanifolia (Presl) Bentham], Bahia (Dietel, 1895: 292; Almeida, 1975: 33; IBI-13697), Par (Sydow, H. Sydow & P. Sydow, 1910: 78; Almeida, 1975: 33), Rio de Janeiro, (Jackson, 1931: 354; Almeida, 1975: 33; HNR-303), So Paulo (IBI-13767).

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?Clitoria racemosa Bentham, Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 149; IAN-557). Clitoria falcata Bentham (=Clitoria rubiginosa Jussieu ex Fries), Minas Gerais (Vigas, 1945: 68; Almeida, 1975: 33; IAC-4163). Clitoria sp., Maranho (IBI 15418), Mato Grosso do Sul (IBI-14349), Minas Gerais (IBI-16327), Par (Sydow, 1910: 78; Almeida, 1975: 33), So Paulo (IBI-13430). Uromyces neurocarpi has been reported on Clitoria spp. also from Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, islands of the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, a few among or on opposite side of aecia. Aecia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, in groups, sometimes in circles around spermogonia, sometimes associated with veins, aeciospores similar to the urediniospores. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered, 0.1-0.5 mm across, dark cinnamon-brown, somewhat pulverulent, ruptured epidermis noticeable; paraphyses not seen; urediniospores (19-)23-25(-28) x (18-)20-23(-25) m, obtriangular or obovoid in side view, broadly globoid in top view, wall (1-)1.5(-2) m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate except around the pores, echinulae (1.5-)2-3(-4) m apart, germ pores 2, slightly below the equator, opposite on smooth areas on flattened sides, without caps. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, sometimes associated with uredinia and sometimes with veins, compact, pulvinate, yellow-brown, later grayish by germination; teliospores (25-)29-38(-41) x (10-)12-18(-19) m, mostly fusiform or oblong-ellipsoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick at sides, 1.5-4 m at apex, smooth, pale yellowish; pedicel short, to length of spore, less frequently to 60 m long, colorless, slender (Almeida, 1975). Traits that help identify the species include: the pale yellowish to nearly colorless, thin-walled teliospores that germinate without dormancy, the absence of paraphyses in the sori, and the urediniospores that are obtriangular or obovoid in side view, broadly globoid in top view, with walls 1-1.5um thick, cinnamon-brown, with two, more or less opposite, slightly subequatorial germ pores, and more or less evenly echinulate except for smooth spots around the germ pores. The Sydows (1910) first placed Uromyces rostratus and U. insularis as synonyms of U. neurocarpi. Buritic examined the type of U. erythrinae in PUR and found that the host is Clitoria sp., not Erythrina, and the rust is U. neurocarpi. Albuquerque's report (1971) is probably an error either in the identification of the host or rust. Four other species of Uromyces have been reported on Clitoria spp. in the Western Hemisphere: U. ipatingae Ferreira & Y. Hiratsuka from Brazil, U. yurimaguasensis P. Hennings from Peru and Central America, U. clitoriae Arthur from Mexico, and U. galactiae Rezende & Dianese from Brazil, which we include as a synonym of U. clitoriae, and except for the reported pedicel-like, hymenial paraphyses, is almost identical to U. neurocarpi. See Ravenelia uleana for notes on pediceloid paraphyses. UROMYCES GALACTIAE Rezende & Dianese, Fitopatologia Brasileira 28:500. 2003. TYPE on Galactia peduncularis (Bentham) Taub. from Brazil, Federal District: Planaltina, Ecological Station of guas Emendadas, 27 Feb 1997, M. Sanchez-2359. (?/?,II/III). Uromyces galactiae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospore and teliospores usually mixed in same sorus. Sori on abaxial side of leaves, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, golden-brown. Paraphyses in hymenium, 25-30 x 1.5-2.5 m, clavate at apex. Urediniospores (23-)25(-27) x(-21)23(-25) m, rhomboid, obovoid, to globose, wall (1-)1.5 m thick, echinulate (but with small smooth areas around pores), pores 2 (equatorial). Teliospores (25-)35(-41) x (9-)12(-17) m, oblong, ellipsoid, to fusiform, wall 0.5-1 m thick at sides, 1.5-4 m at apex, smooth, colorless (Rezende & Dianese, 2003). Rezende & Dianese (2003) reported Uromyces galactiae also on Clitoria laurifolia Poir (=C. cajanifolia) from the littoral of Bahia and Sao Paulo. Uromyces neurocarpi Dietel is the rust most often reported on C. laurifolia which is very similar, except for the pedicel-like, hymenial paraphyses reported for U. galactiae. UROMYCES NITEROYENSIS Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 160. 1916. TYPE on Setaria sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Niteroy, Cubango, Rangel-1172. (?/? IIpe/III). = Uromyces puttemansii Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 159. 1916. TYPE (uncertain according to Ramachar & Cummins, 1963). Rangel lists two collections, both from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Paquet near Rio de Janeiro, June 1914, one on Setaria asperifoliae (Rangel-1211) and the other on Melinis minuteflora P. Beauvois (as Panici melinis)(Rangel-1212). The only rust that we know of on Melinis minuteflora in Brazil is

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Uromyces setariae-italicae. Thus, we designate the specimen on Setaria as the lectotype of Uromyces puttemansii. = Uromyces sepultus Mains, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 461: 99. 1935. TYPE on Setaria tenax (L. Rich.) Desvaux from Mexico, Swallen-2440. On Gramineae (Paniceae). Panicum antidotale Retzius, Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F17741). Setaria poiretiana (Schultes) Kunth [recent authors report as Setaria sulcata Raddi] , So Paulo (Ramachar & Cummins, 1963: 50). Setaria rariflora Mikan ex Trinius, Rio de Janeiro (Ramachar & Cummins, 1963: 50). Setaria tenax Desvaux, Rio de Janeiro (Ramachar & Cummins, 1963). Setaria sp., Bahia, Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916:; 160-161; Ramachar & Cummins, 1963: 50), Maranho (IBI 12201), So Paulo (IBI-14688). Uromyces niteroyensis has been reported also from Uruguay and Northern Argentina to Southern Mexico and Cuba. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves or mostly on abaxial side, yellowish-brown to cinnamon-brown, with inconspicuous, yellowish, thin-walled paraphyses; urediniospores (26-)29-38(-42) x 20-27 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, pores 3(4), equatorial. Telia blackish brown, long covered by epidermis, without paraphyses; teliospores (19-)22-27(-30) x 14-20 m, variable but mostly angularly obovoid, wall 0.5-1 m thick at sides, 1.5-2.5 m at apex, golden to chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicels to 25 m long, persistent, yellowish, thin-walled and collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Traits that help to identify Uromyces niteroyensis include uredinia that have paraphyses and telia that are covered by the epidermis. No other species of Uromyces on Paniceae have paraphyses in their uredinia. Only one other species, U. setariae-italicae, has telia covered by the epidermis. Rangels (1916) report of Uromyces niteroyensis on Melinis minuteflora (as Uromyces puttemansii Rangel on Panicum melinis) is mistaken as stated above. UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 134. 1880. TYPE on Cayaponia ficifolia (Lamarck) Cognaux (reported originally as Trianosperma ficifolia ) from Argentina, Buenos Aires: in saepibus de la Boca del Riachuela et del Bagnado de S. Jos de Flores, May 1880, Spegazzini s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). = Uromyces cissampelidis Dietel in Earl, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 26: 632-633. 1899. TYPE on an undetermined Cucurbitaceae from Colombia, Santa Marta, date not reported, Baker-83. (not Cissampelos sp., Menispermaceae as was originally reported fide Hennen & McCain, 1993). = Uromyces hellerianus Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 2. 1904. TYPE on Cayaponia racemosa (Sw.) Cogn. from Puerto Rico: Adjuntas road five miles from Ponce, 4 Dec 1902, Heller-6206. = Uromyces appelianus Gassner, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 40: 68. 1922. TYPE on Cayaponia sp. (reported originally mistakenly as Passiflora sp., Passifloraceae) from Uruguay and Brazil. A lectotype needs to be chosen (see Hennen & Figueiredo, 1981). = Uromyces pentastriatus Vigas, Bragantia 5: 70. 1945. TYPE on Trianosperma sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Rio Caador, Wheat Experiment Station, 18 May 1941, Deslandes s.n. (see Lindquist, 1982). Anamorph Uredo novissimus Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 235. 1899. TYPE on Cayaponia ficifolia (Lamarck) Cogn. (reported as Trianosperma ficifolia) from Argentina (a lectotype needs to be chosen from specimens indicated bySpegazzini as in dumetis et saepibus prope La Plata, Tucumn et Salta, aest. 1885-98). = Uromyces cayaponiae P. Hennings (as "U. cajaponiae"), TYPE on Cayaponia sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Francisco, Jan 1885, Ule-302. The Sydows (1908) reported that only urediniospores are present on the type specimen. On Cucurbitaceae. Cayaponia bonariensis, Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-12201). Cayaponia citrullifolia (Grisebach) Cogniaux, Paran (Joerstad, 1956: 478). Cayaponia martiana, Rio Grande do Sul (PUR-F18957).

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Cayaponia racemosa (Swartz) Cogniaux, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 308). Cayaponia tayuya Cogniaux, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 102). Cayaponia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 102; IBI-13055), Rio Grande do Sul (Gassner, 1922: 68; IBI 12070). Rytidostylis sp., So Paulo (IBI-17951). Trianosperma sp., Santa Catarina (Vigas, 1945: 70; IAC-3771). Uromyces novissimus has been reported under several names as indicated by the synonyms listed above. The species is widespread in warmer regions of the Western Hemisphere from Argentina to Mexico. In addition to the host genera listed above this rust has been reported on Abobra and Melothria. Sori scattered on abaxial side of leaves or on hypertrophied tumors on stems and petioles or on witches' brooms; urediniospores 25-28 x 19-23 m, subglobose or triangular, wall 1.5-2 m thick but 2.5-3 m thick at the base, cinnamon-yellow, with well spaced spines, and two opposite subequatorial pores; teliospores 27-34 x 19-23 m, globose or broadly ellipsoid, with a well developed apical papilla over the germ pore, wall smooth or with few or many scattered verrucae, or these in irregular lines (Lindquist, 1982). UROMYCES OBLECTANEUS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 18: 146. 1926. TYPE on Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Sylvestre, 16 Sept 1921, Holway 1113. (?/? IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae. Rhynchospora corymbosa (Linnaeus) Britton, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 30; mistakenly reported as Puccinia oblectaneus Jackson & Holway.). Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1926: 146; IBI-1745), So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 143; 1926: 146). Rhynchospora sp., Federal District (IBI 14895), So Paulo (IBI-12530). Uromyces oblectaneus has been reported only from Brazil from the states cited above. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-1.5 mm long, oval or eliptic, cinnamon brown, ruptured epidermis persistent and conspicuous; urediniospores 28-32 x 22-26 m, ellipsoid or obovate, wall 2-3 m thick, dark cinnamon-brown, sparsely and prominently echinulate, pores 2 or more, commonly 3, approximately equatorial. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-2 mm across, early naked, blackish-brown, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, teliospores 2334 x 16-20 m, irregularly ellipsoid or obovoid, rounded, obtuse, or truncate at the apex, rounded, attenuate, or occasionally truncate at the base, wall 1.5-2 m thick at the sides, 4-9 m at the apex, smooth, pedicel equaling the spore, firm, tinted (Jackson, 1926). Uromyces occidentalis Dietel, see UROMYCES ANTHYLLIDIS Schroeter. UROMYCES OCCULTUS Lindquist, Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 3: 222. 1951. TYPE on Juncus densiflorus Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Punta Laura, La Plata, Jan 1951, Lindquist s.n. (?/? IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo macella H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 18: 150. 1926. TYPE on Juncus dombeyanus Gay from Chile, Panamavida, 9 Dec 1919, Holway-210. On Juncaceae. Juncus sp., Minas Gerais (Thurston, 19940: 305), State?/ Posta Cue (Lindquist, 1951: 222). Uromyces occultus has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Hennen and McCain (1991) placed Uredo macella as an anamorph. See Uromyces junci for a comparison of anamorph traits of species of Uromyces on Juncus in the Americas. Traits that may help identify Uromyces occultus include: anamorph sori on abaxial side of leaves, very small, long remaining covered by the epidermis, spores obovoid, globoid, ellipsoid, or sometimes irregular, (23-)25-36 x 20-24(-27) m in front view, somewhat flattened on the sides with the germ pores (1418.5 m wide in side view), wall 1-1.5 m thick, often to 2.5 m thick at the pores, cinnamon-brown, echinulate with widely spaced fine spines, germ pores two (rarely three) equatorial and opposite each other.. UROMYCES ORBICULARIS Dietel, Hedwigia 36: 28. 1897. TYPE on Desmodium sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, March 1891, Ule-1647. (?/?,IIcv/III).

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Anamorph Aecidium desmodii P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 259. 1896. TYPE on Desmodium sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina, locality not recorded, April 1887, Ule-97. Aecidium desmodii functions as uredinia and perhaps aecia. On Leguminosae: Desmodium uncinatum (Jacquin) DeCandolle, Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 344). Desmodium sp., Esprito Santo (Almeida, 1975: 47, as Aecidium desmodii), Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 344; Thurston, 1940: 309; Almeida, 1975: 47), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 259; Serra Geral, Dietel, 1897: 28), Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 258; Jackson, 1931: 344;), So Paulo (Hennings, 1908: 3; Jackson, 1931;344;, Vigas, 1945: 75; 96-47; IBI-17806). Uromyces orbicularis (or as Aecidium desmodii) has been reported also from Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, and Venezuela. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia, Aecidium desmodii, on the abaxial side of leaves, in groups, whitish or pale yellowish, densely aggregated, forming very distinct spots mostly round, 1-4 mm across, peridium cupulate, with margin upright, somewhat erose; urediniospores catenulate, 15-22 x 13-17 m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, mostly with angular edges, wall about 1 m thick, colorless, minutely verrucose. Telia on the adaxial side of leaves, opposite the uredinia, frequently in circles, confluent chocolate-brown, minute, with ruptured epidermis noticeable pulverulent; teliospores 22-31(-33) x 18-24(-26) m, ellipsoid, obovoid, globoid or subgloboid, wall 2-3 m thick at sides, chestnut-brown or dark golden-brown, with a paler umbo 3-7 m high, varying from verrucose with irregular warts sometimes variously united or arranged to form a kind of labyrinth, to irregularly reticulate; pedicel to 35 m long, rarely to 50 m long, colorless, thin-walled, many collapsing (Almeida, 1975). Some previous authors mistakenly have connected Aecidium desmodii to Uromyces hedysaripaniculat or have hypothesized that it was a part of an heteroecious species. We connect Aecidium desmodii to Uromyces orbicuclaris here for the first time based on morphological similarity. Spermogonia have not been reported for either Aecidium desmodii or Uromyces orbicularis. Thus, ontogenic aecia are unknown. See Uromyces castaneus for a key to the species of Uromyces on Desmodium in Brazil. Uromyces oxalidis Pazschke (sic) (Silveira, 1951: 31). The name is an error. Uromyces panici-sanguinalis Rangel, vide PUCCINIA LEVIS Saccardo & Bizzozero var. PANICISANGUINALIS (Rangel) Ramachar & Cummins. Uromyces pannosus Vestergren, vide UROMYCES DIETELIANUS Pazschke. UROMYCES PEGLERIAE Pole-Evans ex Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 12: 263. 1914. var. PEGLERIAE. TYPE on Digitaria ternata from South Africa, Cape Prov.: Kentani, Pegler-7755. (?/? IIpe/III). = Uromyces digitariae-adscendentis Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sinica 10: 296-297. 1965. Anamorph Uredo paspali-longiflorae Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 6:216. 1917. = Uredo tacita Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 476. 1933. TYPE on Digitaria Gardesii (Hackel) Parodi, from Brazil, So Paulo: Mandaque, 25 May A922, E. W. D. Holway & Mary M. Holway-1887. On Gramineae. Digitaria gardesii (Hackel) Parodi, So Paulo (Arthur, 1933: 476; Ramachar& Cummins, 1963: 56). Cummins (1971) reported Uromyces pegleriae var. pegleriae from Africa, New Guinea, The Philippines, and Brazil. The only collection from The Western Hemisphere is the one cited above as the type of Uredo tacita. New collections from Brazil are needed to confirm the presence of this rust from Brazil. Uromyces pegleriae var. beckeropsidis, the only other variety, has been reported only from the type collection from Erytrea in Africa. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on adaxial side of leaves, yellowish brown; urediniospores (21-)23-27(-30) x (16-)18-22(-24) m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, echinulate, yellowish to golden, germ pores 7-9, scattered or tending to be bizonate; telia blackish brown,

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covered by the epidermis, only tardely or not exposed, sometimes with a few pale golden paraphyses, the sori not loculate, teliospores (22-)25-30(-34) x (15-)17-20(-24) m, variable, mostly angularly obovoid, wall (1)1.5-2(-2.5) m thick at sides, 3-5 m thick apically, chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicels to 60 m long, usually broken shorter, colorless or brownish, thin-walled and collapsing (Cummins, 1971). Uromyces pentastriatus Vigas, see UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini. UROMYCES PERAFFINIS Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 20: 249. 1922. TYPE on Bauhinia sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, "museum garden", July 1895, Ule. (?/?,IIpe/III). Uromyces peraffinis has been reported only from the type. Almeida (1975:56.) was unable to find the type specimen. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Sori mostly on adaxial side of leaves, scattered, to 0.8 mm. across, naked, pulverulent, chestnut-brown. Urediniospores (mixed with teliospores) 24-28 x 18-21 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall pale brown, sparsely echinulate, germ pores 3. Teliospores 25-33 x 18-23 m, obovoid, ellipsoid, rarely oblong, with a paler, broad, obtuse, tuberculate, papilla to 6 m high at apex, , wall indistinctly and minutely reticulate, yellow-brown; pedicel slender, fragile (Almeida, 1975). See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. UROMYCES PERESKIAE Dietel, Hedwigia 38: 248. 1899. TYPE on Pereskia sp., Cactaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: St. Eduardo, 4 Nov.1895, Ule-2153. (0/I,II/ III). = Uromyces pereskiae H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 473. 1931. TYPE on Pereskia grandifolia, Cactaceae, Haworth from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Nictheroy, 18 Sept 1921, Holway-1123. Jackson (1931) mistakenly reported the host as belonging to the Hippocrateaceae. Anamorph Aecidium pereskiae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 37: (206). 1898. TYPE on Pereskia sp. , Cactaceae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: St. Eduardo, 4 Nov.1895, Ule-2153. = Aecidium pereskiae H. S. Jackson H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 473. 1931. TYPE on Pereskia grandifolia Haworth from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Nictheroy, 18 Sept 1921, Holway-1123. On Cactaceae: Pereskia grandifolia Haworth, Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1898: (206); Dietel, 1899: 257; Sydow, 1907: 355). Jackson, 1931: 473). Pereskia sp., Rio de Janeiro (Dietel, 1899: 248), So Paulo (IBI 18428). Uromyces pereskiae has been reported also from Argentina (Lindquist, 1982). Spermogonia and aecia Aecidium pereskiae P. Hennings. Uredinia on adaxial side of leaves, gregarious on discolored spots 1.5-2.5 mm across which appear greenish in dried specimens, round, 0.2-0.3 rnm across, bullate, deep seated, cinnamon brown, tardily naked, becoming pulverulent, long covered by the firm overarched epidermis; urediniospores 34-41 x 22-26 m, somewhat irregularly ellipsoid or obovate, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick, golden brown, sparsely and finely echinulate; pores 3 or 4 in a broad equatorial band. Telia like the uredinia, blackish brown; teliospores 30-38 x 22-26 m, somewhat irregularly broadly ellipsoid, rounded or truncate below, obtuse above; wall 1.5-2 m thick, chestnut brown, appearing smooth but with irregularly scattered hyaline tubercales, sometimes arranged in lines and often more prominent at apex; pore prominent at apex but wall not thickened above; pedicel short colorless, usually deciduous (Jackson, 1931). In publications about this rust the host genus name has been spelled variously as "Peireskea","Peirescia", and "Peireskia". We use the spelling "Pereskia" as named by Miller as given in Willis (1966). Unlike many familiar cacti that have small, fleshy leaves that fall off soon after they are produced, Pereskia is one of the few cacti that have broad, flat leaves that usually remain on the plant for a long time. This may have led Jackson (1931) to mistakenly report the host as belonging to the Hippocrateaceae in which is found the genus Hippocratea that has Pereskia Velloso as a synonym. The type collection of Aecidium pereskiae P. Hennings is the same as that of Uromyces peireskiae Dietel but on a different leaf. Three rust species have been reported on Cactaceae in South America: Uromyces pereskiae (anamorph Aecidium pereskiae) listed above, Aecidium cerei P. Hennings on Cereus sp. from Argentina, and Aecidium opuntiae Magnus from Argentina and Bolivia, which has been considered as an anamorph of the

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heteroecious species Puccinia opuntiae Arthur & Holway in Boliva, with uredinia and telia on Bouteloua spp. (Gramineae). Aecidium opuntiae has been reported from Mexico on Opuntia sp. but no teleomorph connection has been reported there (Hennen & McCain, 1993). Uromyces peireskiae H. S. Jackson & Holway, see UROMYCES PERESKIAE Dietel. UROMYCES PERLEBIAE Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 26. 1905. TYPE on Bauhinia pentandra Vog., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Matto Grosso: Cuiaba, 12 June 1902, G. Malme-s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Uromyces perlebiae is known only from the type. New collections are needed to determine if this species is still in Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, without spots, scattered, minute, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores 22-26 x 21-24 m, globoid, subgloboid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, loosely echinulate, pale yellow, germ pores 4, rarely 5. Telia about chestnut-brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores 22-26 x 20-23 m, globoid, subgloboid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 3-3.5 m thick, about chestnut-brown, apex rounded and yellow-brown, corona, 2.5-3 m, rarely 4 m high, distinctly reticulate; pedicel same length as spore or a little longer, colorless, subpersistent, moderately thick (Almeida, 1975). Vigas (1945: 70) and Jackson (1931: 344) originally reported three other specimens as Uromyces perlebiae. Almeida (1975) reidentified the specimen reported by Vigasand the two Holway specimens reported by Jackson, all three collected in So Paul State, as Uromyces dietelianus var. dietelianus. See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. Uromyces pervius Spegazzini, see PUCCINA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini. Uromyces phaseoli (Persoon) Winter, see UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger. Uromyces phaseoli (Persoon) Winter var. typica Arthur, see UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger. var. APPENDICULATUS. Uromyces piauhyensis P. Hennings, see UROMYCES BLAINVILLEAE H. Sydow and UROMYCES CUCULATUS H. Sydow.

UROMYCES PISI (DeCandolle) Otth, Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Bern 1863: 87. 1863. (0,Icv IIpe,III). Puccinia pisi DeCandolle, Fl. France 2:224. 1805. TYPE on cultivated Pisum sativum Linnaeus from France. = Uromyces pisi (Persoon) Winter, Pilze Deutschland. p. 163. 1884. Anamorph Uredo appendiculata b Uredo pisi-sativi Persoon, Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 222. 1801. On Leguminosae Pisum sativum Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (Luz, 1970: Almeida, 1975: 45). Uromyces pisi has been reported only from Brazil and Chile in the Americas but has been reported from Europe, Asia, and Africa The name Uromyces pisi-sativi (Persoon) Liro also has been used for this rust. Spermogonia on abaxial side of leaves, many, scattered among the aecia. Aecia on abaxial side of leaves, systemic, scattered all over the leaf surface, peridium cupulate, margin revolute, deeply laciniate, whitish; aeciospores 15-24(-26) x 13-18(-20) m, globoid to ellipsoid, mostly with angulate edges, wall about 1 m thick, minutely verrucose, colorless. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, to 1 mm diam, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, light cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; urediniospores 19-26 x 17-24 m, mostly globoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, minutely echinulate, golden-brown, germ pores 3-6, scattered, with colorless, echinulate caps. Telia on both sides of leaves, dark brown, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, scattered or in groups, coalescent, to 2-3 mm diam, pulverulent; teliospores 20-30 x 15-22 m, mostly globoid to ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, light chestnut-brown with a low, paler papilla at apex, densely and minutely verrucose, warts about 1 m apart, mostly round, evenly distributed on surface of spore and papilla; pedicel, breaking near the hilum or to about 50 m long, colorless, thin-walled, some collapsing (Almeida, 1975).

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Hylander et al. (1953) reported that Uromyces pisi is a collective species name that includes six "races or race groups usually considered as species". These are: Uromyces euphorbiae-corniculati Jord., on Lotus sp.; Uromyces laburni (DeCandolle) Oth on Genista sp., Laburnum sp. and Sarothamnus sp.; Uromyces onobrichidis Bubak on Onobrychis sp.; Uromyces pisi on Lathyrus sp. and Pisum sativum; Uromyces punctatus on Oxytropis sp.; and Uromyces striatus Schroeter on Medicago spp. and Trifolium spp. Only Uromyces pisi and Uromyces striatus have been reported from Latin America. As far as has been reported , all have their spermogonia and aecia on Euphorbia cyparissias and other closely related species of Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae. But these have not been reported from Latin America. Uromyces pisi-sativi (Persoon) Liro, see UROMYCES PISI (DeCandolle) Otth. UROMYCES PLATENSIS Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient Argentina 12: 72. 1882. TYPE on Pfaffia stenophyla (Spreng.) Stuchlik from Argentina, Buenos Aires: (?/?,II/III). Anamorph Uredo paranensis Pennington, Anal. Soc. cient. Argentina 53: 269. 1902. TYPE on Pfaffia stenophylla (Sprengel) Stuchl. from Argentina, Buenos Aires On Amaranthaceae Pfaffia glomerata (Sprengel) Pederson., Federal District (Mattos, 1993). Uromyces platensis has been reported only from Argentina and Brazil. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospores in telia, 25-32 x 22-25 m, ellipsoid to globoid, wall 2.5-3 m thick, golden-yellow, finely and densely echinulate, pores 4, equatorial. Telia adaxial, in circles up to 2 mm across, subcortical in origin, developing in the cortical parenchyma, opening by slits, compact, blackish, teliospores 29-46 x 18-27 m, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, rounded to broadly rounded above and below, wall 3.5 m thick at sides, 7-10 m above, laminate, dark brown, smooth; pedicel to more than 200 m long, thick, hyaline (Lindquist, 1982). Laundon (1965) reported Uredo paraensis as: uredenia on adaxial side of leaves, scattered or in groups, minute, yellow-brown; urediniospores 20-25 x 18-23 m, spheroid to ellipsoid, wall 2 m thick, densely verrucose-echinulate to verrucose-striate, pores 4-6, scattered (The Sydows, 1924: 495). . Laundon (1965) reported telia as: linear along stems for several cms. to 2mm broad but fusing laterally, almost black; teliospores 32-46 x 18-24 m, ellipsoid to fusiform, sometimes almost cylindrical, mostly rounded above, wall 2.5-4 m thick at sides, 6-10 m above, yellow-brown, smooth; pedicels to more than 200 m long. hyaline. The host, Pfaffia glomerata ("Brazilian ginsing"), is grown in Brazil as a medicinal plant. Whether or not Uredo paraensis is an anamorph is uncertain (Laundon, 1965; Lindquist, 1982). Write to Diannese for specimens. UROMYCES POLYMNIAE Dietel & Holway in Holway, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 327. LECTOTYPE on Polymnia maculata from Mexico, Rio Hondo canyon near city of Mexico, 4 Oct 1899, Holway-3562 (lectotype). (0/Icv,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo polymniae Hennings, Hedwigia. Beiblatt. 38: (129). TYPE on Polymnia sp. from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Jan 1898, Ule-2529. On Compositae Polymnia glabrata DeCandolle, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 31). Polymnia maculata Cavanilles, Brazil (Sydow, 1909: 7; Silveira 1951: 31). Polymnia sylphoides DeCandolle, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 31). Uromyces polymniae has been reported also from Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico. Spermogonia in small groups in adaxial side of leaves. Aecia in circles opposite the spermogonia, peridium delicate, erose; aeciospores (18-)20-28(-30) x (15-)17-21(-23) m, globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-3 m thick, colorless, verrucose. Uredinia mostly on abaxial leaf surface, cinnamon brown; urediniospores (20-)22-25(-27) x (21-)23-27 m, broadly obovoid or globoid, often slightly wider than high, wall 1-1.5 m thick but the base slightly thicker, uniformly echinulate, cinnamon brown, pores 2, subequatorial or near hilum, without discernible caps. Telia mostly on abaxial surface, blackish brown, exposed compact; teliospores (26-)3036(-38) x (20-)22-26(-28) m, broadly ellipsoid or broadly obovoid, wall 1.5-2(-2.5) m thick at sides, (5-)7-10(-12) m apically, uniformly chestnut brown or somewhat paler apically; smooth; pedicels to about 60 m long, slightly yellowish (Cummins, 1978).

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UROMYCES PONTEDERIAE Gerard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 31. 1875. TYPE on Pontederia cordata L. from the United States of America, New York: Poughkeepsie, date and collector not reported. (?/?,II/III). = Uromyces pontederiae Spegazzini, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 26: 12. 1888. TYPE on Pontederia cordata L. from Paraguay: Aregua, Aug 1883, Balansa-3949. Uromyces pontederiicola Spegazzini Rev. Argentina Bot. 1: 143. 1925. (nom. nov. for Uromyces pontederiae Spegazzini). Anamorph Uredo pontederiae Spegazzini Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 9: 172. 1880. TYPEon Pontederia sagittata from Argentina, Buenos Aires: Rio de la Plata, Jan 1880, ?Spegazzini s.n. = Uredo eichorniae Fragoso & Cifferi, Estac. Agron. de Moca, ser. B.-Bot. No. 8: 8. 1927. TYPE on Eichornia crassipes from the Dominican Republic: near Haina, Feb 1926, R. Ciferri s.n. On Pontederiaceae Pontederia cordata L.,Gois (Hennings, 1895: 91) Rio Grande do Sul (Juel, 1897: 17; Joerstad, 1959: 83), Santa Catarina (Pazschke, 1892: 97; Hennings, 1896: 224), So Paulo (Puttemans-3383 in IBI). Uromyces pontederiae has been reported from Argentina to the eastern United States of America. Lindquist (1982) reported Uromyces pontederiae also on Eichornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth from Uruguay. Urediniospores of Uredo pontederiae and Uredo eichorniae are morphologically indistinguishable, so we place Uredo eichorniae as a synonym, but the two are kept as separate taxa by Charudattan & Conway (1975) because the two populations seem to be host specific and no telia have ever been reported from Eichornia crassipes. The rust on Eichornia has been reported only from Argentina, Uruguay, and The Dominican Republic. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia 0.3-0.5 mm across, scattered on both sides of leaves on small purplish spots, tardily naked, ruptured epidermis noticeable, light cinnamon-brown, somewhat powdery; urediniospores 23-29 x 18-21 m ellipsoid; wall 1-1.5 m thick, [Hennen's measurements from Puttemans3383: (24-)27-30 x 22-23 m, wall ca 2 m thick] moderately and sharply echinulate, the spines irregularly (1-, 1.5-)2-3.5(-4) m apart, pores 4, equatorial, rather obscure. Telia 0.2-0.4 mm across, on both sides of leaves, scattered or sometimes in small groups, sometimes on purplish spots, tardily naked, pulvinate, not powdery, choclate-brown, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; teliospores 21-29 x 13-18 m, [Hennen's measurements from Puttemans-3383: 30-36(-39) x(-17) 19-22, api wall 8.5-11, lat wall (2-)2.5-3.5 m], obovoid or broadly clavate, rounded or obtuse above, usually narrowed below, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 59 m above, golden-brown, smooth, pedicel 20-50 m long, tinted (Arthur et al., 1912). Uromyces pontederiae Spegazzini, see UROMYCES PONTEDERIAE Gerard. Uromyces pontederiicola Spegazzini, see UROMYCES PONTEDERIAE Gerard. Uromyces porcencis Mayor, see CHACONIA INGAE (H. Sydow) Cummins. Uromyces praetextus Vestergren, see UROMYCES BAUHINIAE P. Hennings. Uromyces proeminens (DeCandolle) Passerini in Rabenhorst, see UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cook & Peck. UROMYCES PRATIAE Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc Cordoba 11: 182, 1888. TYPE on On Campanulaceae Pratia repens Gaudichaud, Brazil (Silveira, 1951: 31). UROMYCES PSYCHOTRIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 157. 1904. TYPE on ? Psychotria sp., Rubiaceae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-Miri, July, 1901, Ule-3085. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph

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Uredo palicoureae P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 160. 1904. TYPE on ? Palicourea sp., Rubiaceae, from Peru, Huallaga: Yurimaguas, August 1902, Ule-3231. Uromyces psychotriae has been reported from only the two collections listed above. The Sydows (1924) made the connection between the anamorph, Uredo palicoureae, and teleomorph of Uromyces psychotriae and stated that the identification of the hosts were probably mistaken. Up to now the hosts have not been reidentified. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, loosely scattered on chlorotic leaves of new shoots, and irregularly aranged on the older leaves; sori minute, round, waxy, yellowish to bright rose, fading on drying; urediniospores 14-20 x 12-17 m, globose to broadly ovoid, walls ca 1.5 m thick, colorless, closely and finely echinulate, pores obscure. Telia on irregularly scaterred reddish leaf spots on abaxial side of the leaves, small and crowded, covered at first with the epidermis, finally erumpent and covered with a whitish dust from the basidiospores from the germinated teliospores; teliospores 20-34 x 10-14 m, oblong to cylindric with very thin, smooth, colorless walls, the pedicel colorless, up to 30 m long. The teliospores germinate in situ resulting in a whitish color to the sori (Sydow, P. & H., 1924). Uromyces pulverulentus Spegazzini, see YPSILOSPORA TUCUMANENSIS Hernndez & Hennen. UROMYCES PURUS (H. Sydow) Cummins, Mycotaxon 5: 407. 1977. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Argomycetella pura H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 23: 313. 1925. TYPE on Vernonia patens Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth [Vernonanthura patens (Kunth) H. Robinson] from Costa Rica, San Jos, 6 Jan 1925, Sydow-3. Maravalia pura (H. Sydow) Mains, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 178. 1939. On Compositae Vernonia sp., Rio de Janeiro (IBI-12832). Uromyces purus has been reported also from Costa Rica and Mexico (Cummins, 1978). Telia are whitish, teliospores have colorless, very thin walls and germinate without dormancy by elongation of the apex. Spermogonia mostly on adaxial leaf surface. Aecia grouped about the spermogonia, otherwise like the uredinia. Uredinia mostly on abaxial surface, scattered, pale cinnamon brown; urediniospores pedicelate, (25-)27-32(-37) x 18-23 m, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, uniformly echinulate, cinnamon-brown or paler, pores 2, equatorial, with slight caps. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, exposed, whitish, compact; teliospores (25-)28-34(-37) x (15-)16-18(-20) m, ellipsoid, ovoid or more or less oblong, wall uniformly 0.5 m or less thick, smooth, colorless, germinating without dormancy by continued elongation of the apex, without a differentiated germ pore; pedicels colorless, to 30 m long. (Cummins, 1978). Uromyces puttemansii Rangel, see UROMYCES NITEROYENSIS Rangel. UROMYCES RATUS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 24: 102. 1932. TYPE on Cayaponia ternata Cogniaux from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 27 Oct 1921, Holway-1251. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). On Cucurbitaceae Cayaponia pentaphylla Cogniaux, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 309). Cayaponia ternata Cogniaux, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932: 102). Undetermined, Minas Gerais (IBI-14584). Uromyces ratus has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves, few, punctiform, subepidermal, deeply embeded, dark brown, 90-105 m wide, 105-110 m high, periphyses not exserted. Aecia on both sides of leaves, in groups surrounding the spermogonia, otherwise like the uredinia. Uredinia 0.3-0.8 mm across, scattered or in groups, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, surrounded by the torn epidermis, pulverulent; urediniospores pedicellate, 27-32 x 22-27 m, ellopsoid to obovoid, frequently triangular, wall 1-1.5 m thick, sparsely and not very prominantly echinulate, cinnamon-brown, pores 2, equatorial or slightly subequatoriasl. Telia on the abaxial side of leaves, compact, soon naked, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous, chestnut-brown; teliospores 27-38 x 24-27 m, subglobose or ellipsoid, obtuse above, rounded below, wall 1.5-2 m thick, thickened above by a

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paler outer layer, smooth, pale chestnut-brown, pedicel about twice the length of the spore or shorter, colorless (Jackson, 1932). UROMYCES REGIUS Vestergren, Ark. Bot. 4: 431. 1905. TYPE on Bauhinia candicans Bentham, Leguminosae, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Cachoeira, 22 Feb 1893, C.A.M.Lindeman-s.n. (?/?,IIpe/III). Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Urediniospores mixed in telia, 16-23 x 16-20 m, globoid, subgloboid or ovoid, wall 2.0 m thick, conspicuously echinulate, yellow-brown, germ pores 4. Telia on both sides of leaves, without spots, scattered, punctiform, about chestnut-brown, pulverulent; teliospores 20-27 x 17-20 m, globoid, subgloboid or ovoid, wall, 2.5 m thick, reticulate, meshes variable in shape and size, pale chestnut-brown with a yellow-brown corona to 6.0 m high at apex; pedicel same length of spore, colorless, slender (Almeida, 1975). See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. Uromyces rhapaneae P. Hennings, see UROMYCES MYRSINES Dietel. UROMYCES RHYNCHOSPORAE Ellis, J. Mycol. 7:274. 1893. TYPE on Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl from TheUnited States of America, New Jersey: Salem County, Pennsville, Oct 1881, A. Commons s.n. (?/? IIpe/III). Anamorph Uromyces rhynchosporicola P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 226. 1896. TYPE on Rhynchospora sp. from Brazil, ? Santa Catarina, place and date not published. [H. Sydow and P. Sydow (1908) reported that Uromyces rhynchosporicola is only an anamorph. Thus the name needs to be transferred to an anamorph genus]. On Cyperaceae Rhynchospora scaberrima Boeckeler, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926: 146). Rhynchospora sp., Brasil (Hennings, 1896: 226). Uromyces rhynchosporae has been reported also from Colombia, Venezuela, The West Indies, and The United States of America. Arthur (1912) reported that, when compared to other species of Uromyces on Cyperaceae, traits that help to identify Uromyces rhynchosporae are: urediniospores 18-26 x 13-19 m, ellipsoid or obovoid, wall 11.5 m thick, golden brown, with 2 equatortial (or slightly superequatorial) germ pores, finely verucoseechinulate; teliospores 20-29 x 10-15 m, ellipsoid, cuneiform or clavate, rounded, truncate, or acuminate at apex, usually narrowed below, wall 1-1.5 m laterally, 5-9 m at apex, chestnut brown or lighter, sometimes paler below, smooth; pedicel colored, about length of spore. Jackson (1926), and Arthur (1934), reported that Uromyces rhynchosporae is correlated with Puccinia angustatoides on Rhynchospora spp., which also has been reported from Brazil, and has almost identical urediniospores. Because most collections from South America consist only of uredinia, it may not be possible to identify these uredinial collections with certainty. Uromyces rhynchosporicola P. Hennings, see UROMYCES RHYNCHOSPORAE Ellis. Uromyces rostratus P. Hennings, see UROMYCES NEUROCARPI Dietel.

UROMYCES RUMICIS (Schumacher) Winter, Hedwigia 19: 37. 1880. (0,Icv IIpe,III). Uredo rumicis Schumacher, Enum. Pl. Saell. 2: 231. 1803. TYPE (fide Hyalander et al, 1953) probably on Rumex crispus x obtusifolius, reported originally as Rumex acutus Linnaeus from Denmark, Zealand, includes telia. = Uromyces rumicum (DeCandolle) Fuckel, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 15: 20. 1860. and Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 23-24: 64. 1869. (see basionym below under anamorph, Hyalander et al, 1953) Anamorph Uredo rumicis Schumacher, Enum. Pl. Saell. 2: 231. 1803. TYPE (Hyalander et al, 1953) probably on Rumex crispus x obtusifolius, reported originally as Rumex acutus Linnaeus from Denmark, Zealand, includes telia. = Uredo bifrons DeCandolle, Fl. Fr. 2: 229. 1805 (includes telia, Hylander et al, 1935).

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= Uredo rumicum DeCandolle, Fl. Fr. 5: 66. 1815 (includes telia, Hylander et al, 1935). On Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius Linnaeus, Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-12918), So Paulo (IBI-18546). Uromyces rumicis has not been reported from Brazil before. From the Western Hemisphere this rust has been reported from Argentina (Lindquist (1983), Chile (Oeherns, 1963), Ecuador (Sydow, 1939), and Colombia (Buritic and Pardo-Cardona, 1996), but not from North America. Uromyces rumicis is widespread in Eurasia and Africa. Spermogonia and aecia, which are known to occur on Ranunculus sp. Ranunculaceae, have been reported only from Europe. UROMYCES SCLERIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38:(67). 1899. TYPE on Scleria sp from  Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: (?Tijuca) Mau, 6 April 1897, Ule-2477. (?/? IIpe/III). On Cyperaceae. Scleria bracteata, Maranho (IBI 15634). Scleria macrophylla Presl, Brasil (Silveira, 1951:31). Scleria paludosa Kunth, Par (Sydow, 1910:78). Scleria pratensis Lindley, So Paulo (Jackson, 1926:145). Scleria sp., Amap (IBI 16601), Mato Grosso (IBI-16770), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:309), Par (IBI-13262), Rio de Janeiro (Hennings, 1899A:67), So Paulo (IBI-12418). Uromyces scleriae has been reported to be widespread in warmer regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. But the reports outside of the Americas need to be confirmed. Arthur (1907-1940; 1912) reported traits that may help to identify Uromyces scleriae as: uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.2-0.5 mm across, oblong, ruptured epidermis remaining, finally pulverulent, cinnamon-brown, urediniospores 23-35 x 18-26 m, obovoid or ovoid, walls 1.5-2.5 m at sides, thickened 39 m at the apex, sparsely echinulate with conical papillae, pores 3, equatorial, obscure. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, as the uredinia but chestnut-brown and not powdery, teliospores 22-38 x 18-24 m, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, rounded above, obtuse or sometimes narrowed below, wall 2-3 m thick at sides, 4-8 m at apex, smooth, chestnut-brown or paler in less mature spores, pedicel to ca 30 m but usually shorter, colorless or nearly so. The apically thickened walls of the urediniospores of Uromyces scleriae are especially important for identification. Puccinia scleriae and Uromyces scleriae may occur on the same host species. Puccinia scleriae has urediniospores that are 19-27 x 13-19 m, walls moderately echinulate and uniformly thin. Important also for identification of Puccinia scleriae are the loculate telia with teliospores that are often two or rarely three septate. Uromyces sepultus Mains, see UROMYCES NITEROYENSIS Rangel. UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 20: 247. 1906. This name published on 20 Oct 1906. NEOTYPE on Setaria italica (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois from Japan, Pref. Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 20 October 1906 (Neotype designated by Ramachar & Cummins, 1963). (?/? IIpe/III). = Uromyces leptodermus H. Sydow & P. Sydow in Sydow & Butler, Ann. Mycol. 4: 430. 1906. TYPE on Panicum javanicum from India, Dehra Dun, 22 Sept 1905, Butler-597. This name was published 31 Oct 1906, ten days later than Uromyces setariae-italicae Yoshino. Aecial Anamorph see discussion below. Uredinial Anamorph Uredo setariae-italicae Dietel, Bot. Jahrb. 32: 632. 1903. LECTOTYPE on Setaria italica Kunth var. germanica Trin. from Japan, Tokyo, 3 Oct 1901, S. Kusano -338. Lectotype chosen here. = Puccinia panicola Arthur, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 586. 1907. TYPE on Panicum molle Swartz from Cuba, Santiaga de las Vegas, 1 March 1901, Baker s.n. Based on uredinia. = Uredo panici P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 165. 1904. TYPE on Panicum sp.from Brazil, Rio Juru, Juru-Mirim, Sept 1901, Ule-3077. Not U. panici Arthur, 1902. Uredo henningsii Saccardo & D. Saccardo, Syll. Fungorum 17: 456. 1905. Nom. nov. for Uredo panici P. Hennings. TYPE same as for Uredo panici P.

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Hennings. = Uredo isachnes H. Sydow & P. Sydow in Sydow , H. & P. and E. J. Butler, Ann. Mycol. 4: 444. 1906. TYPE on Panicum isachnum from India, Poona, 25 Oct 1905., E. J. Butler-596. = Uredo panici-prostrati H. Sydow & P. Sydow in H. Sydow & P. Sydow and E. J Butler, Ann. Mycol. 4: 44. 1906. TYPE on Panicum prostratum from India, Nilgiri Hills, December, 1910, E. J. Butler-593. = Uredo eriochloae H. Sydow & P. Sydow in Sydow, H. &P. & E. J. Butler, Ann. Mycol. 4: 444. 1906. TYPE on Eriochloa polystachya from India, Burhaga, Saran, 17 Nov 1903, E. J. Butler-586. = Uredo panici-maximi Rangel, Arch. Museu Nac. Rio de Janeiro 18: 160. 1916. TYPE on Panicum maximum Jacquin from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Niteroi, June 1915, Rangel 749. = Uredo panici-villosi Petch, An. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 7: 295. 1922, TYPE on Brachiaria villosa (Lamarck) A. Camus from Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Hakgala, April 1919, Petch-5977. = Uredo melinidis Kern, Mycologia 30: 550. 1938. TYPE on Melinis minuteflora P. Beauvois from Venezuela, Chacao, 28 April 1934, Kern & Toro-1722.: . On Gramineae: Eriochloa polystachya Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Paraba (Vigas, 1943: 83; IAC-2689). Melinis minutiflora P. Beauvois , Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 308), So Paulo (IBI-17895). Panicum antidotale Retz, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 308). Panicum maximum Jacquin [ Megathyrsus maximus (Jacquin) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs, 2003; Urochloa maxima (Jacquin) R. D. Webster, 1987], Rio de Janeiro (Rangel, 1916: 160), Brazil (Cummins, 1942: 670; Silveira, 1951: 31; Ramachar & Cummins , 1963: 52), So Paulo (IBI-15572). Panicum sp. , Amazonas (Hennings, 1904B: 165; Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 117). Pennisetum ciliare (Linaeus) Link, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1967: 59). Setaria poiretiana Kunth, So Paulo (IBI-1744). Setaria rariflora Mikan, Rio de Janeiro (IBI-1743). Setaria sp., Maranho (IBI-17097). Uromyces setatiae-italicae is circumglobal in warmer regions and has been reported on at least eleven genera of grasses: Brachiaria, Cyrtococcum, Eriochloa, Melinis, Ottochloa, Panicum, Paspalidium, Pennisetum, Setaria, Stenotaphrum, and Urochloa (Cummins, 1973). The synonymy follows Ramachar & Cummins (1963). Spermogonia and aecia not known with certainty. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon-brown; urediniospores (25-)27-33(-35) x (20-)23-28(-30) m, broadly obovoid or ellipsoid; wall (1-)1.5(-2) m thick, cinnamon-brown, echinulate, germ pores 3. equatorial. Telia on both sides of leaves, covered by the epidermis, blackish, small and inconspicuous; teliospores (16-)18-25(-28) x (14-)16-20 m, variable, mostly angularly globoid or obovoid; wall uniformly 1-1.5 m thick, clear chestnut-brown, smooth, pedicels to 20 m long but usually broken near the spore, colorless, thin-walled and collapsing (Cummins, 1971). In Brazil Uromyces setatiae-italicae is the only rust known on Panicum maximum and Melinis minutiflora, two of the most common, forage and weedy, introduced African grasses. Until Ramachar & Cummins work (1963), Uromyces setariae-italicae was reported often as Uromyces leptodermus. Aecial anamorph: Hennen et al. (1982) listed Aecidium brasiliense under the holomorph name Uromyces setariae-italicae Yoshino because Cummins (1971) had reported that it was the aecial anamorph. Cummins based this on Narasiman and Thirumalachars (1964) report that they made successful reciprocal inoculation experiments that proved a connection between an Aecidium species on Cordia rothii Roemer and Schultes (now Cordia sinensis Lamarck) and Uromyces setariae-italicae on two species of Setaria in Poona, India. They identified the Cordia rust as Aecidium brasiIIense P. Hennings because, as they stated, this name was recorded by Sydow and Butler (1906) for a rust on Cordia rothii from Poona, India. Narasiman and Thirumalachar gave no descriptive traits of this Aecidium nor did they report that any voucher herbarium specimens were preserved from their experimentral work. We found no reference to Aecidium brasilIense in Sydow and Butlers paper (1906) nor did the Sydows (1923) make any reference to it. The first reference to

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Ae. brasilense in India is in Butler and Bisby, 1931, p. 52. They recorded a collection of Aecidium on Cordia from Poona, India by Ajrekar but no identifying traits of this rust were recorded. Sathe (1966) reported a new species, Aecidium poonensis Sathe on Cordia macleodii Hooker from Poona but made no mention of Butler and Bisbys (1931) nor Narasiman and Thirumalacharts (1964) work, nor did he compare his new species to Ae. brasilIense nor any other species of Aecidium. Narasiman and Thirumalachars identification of the Aecidium material that they used as Ae. brasilense cannot now be confirmed. Experimental inoculations to connect Ae. brasilIense and U. setariae-italicae have never been reported from Brazil, nor has a connection between U. setariae-italicae and any Aecidium species been reported fron any where else except for the work of Narasiman and Thirumalachar as stated above. Because of the uncertainty of the identification of the Aecidium sp. used by Narasiman and Thirumalachar, it is premature to accept Ae. brasiIlense as an aecial anamorph of U. setariae-italicae. UROMYCES SILPHII Arthur [as "(Syd.) nom. nov."] J. Mycol. 13: 202. 1907. TYPE (proposed lectotype) on Juncus tenuis Willdenow from The United States of America, Indiana: Lafayette, 3 Apr 1906, Arthur-s.n. in PUR. (0/Icv IIpe/III). Uromyces junci-tenuis P. Sydow & H. Sydow, nom. nov. , Monogr. Ured. 2: 289. 1910. = Uromyces juncicola Spegazzini, An. Mus. Nac. (Buenos Aires) 19 (ser.3, 12): 312. 22 Oct 1909. TYPE on Juncus stipularis from Argentina, Mendoza: Puente del Inca, Jan -Feb 1908, ? Spegazzini-s.n. Synanamorphs On Juncaceae, uredinial anamorph: Uredo junci Str. sensu Spegazzini, Bol. Acad. Nac. Crdoba (Argentina) 11 (2) 183. 1888. (Fungi Fueg. p. 51, #142). (literature citation according to M. L. Farr, 1973). Or Uredo junci Spegazzini Anal. Mus. Nac. (Buenos Aires) 12: 312. 1901 (according to Lindquist, 1978). On Compositae, spermogonial and aecial anamorphs, known only in North America. Aecidium compositarum-silphii Burrill in DeToni, Sac. Syl. Fung. 7: 798. 1888 (literature citation according to Lindquist, 1978). On Juncaceae Juncus sp., Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1896: 226 , reported this collection as Uromyces junci but Jackson, 1926, reidentified it as Uromyces silphii because the pores in the urediniospores were supraequatorial). Uromyces silphii has been recorded also in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Ecuador, Mexico, and The United States of America. See Uromyces junci for a comparison of traits of species of Uromyces on Juncus in the Americas. Lindquist (1982) reported that Uromyces silphii could be considered as a variety of Uromyces juncii because of the variability in the position of the germ pores of the urediniospores but he did not make a formal change. Obvious smooth areas occur below the two supraequatorial germ pores in the urediniospores of the Holway collection number 206 from Panamavida, Chile. Arthur (1934) reported that both Uromyces junci and Uromyces silphii are correlated with Puccinia littoralis, a Eurasian species on Juncus that is unknown in The Americas. ? UROMYCES SPERMACOCES (Schweinitz) M. A. Curtis, Cat. Plants North Carolina, p. 123. 1867. (0/I,II/ III). ' Puccinia spermacoces Schweinitz, Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 74. 1822. TYPE on Diodia teres Walt. (reported as Spermacoces sp.) from North Carolina, U.S.A.. Not Berkeley & Curtis, 1874. ' Uromyces spermococes (Schweinitz) Thuemen, mycotheca univ. no. 242. 1875. On Rubiaceae Spermococe tenuior Linnaeus, Minas Geraes (Thurston, 1940: 309). Uromyces spermococes occurs probably only in North America. The identification of the specimen reported by Thurston needs to be confirmed. Arthur (1934) speculated that Puccinia lateritia is a species correlated with Uromyces spermacoces. Uromyces spermococes (Schweinitz) Thumen, see UROMYCES SPERMACOCES (Schweinitz) M. A.

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Curtis. UROMYCES STRIATUS Schroeter, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. Nat. Abth. 1869-72: 11. 1870. LECTOTYPE on Medicago lupulina Linnaeus from Pirscham near Wroclaw (Breslau), Poland,  designated by Hylander, Joerstadt, and Nannfeldt (1953). (0/Icv IIpe/III). = Uromyces medicaginis Passerini, in Thuemen, Herb. Mycol. Oecon. 156. 1896. Anamorph Uredo leguminosarum forma medicaginis Passerini, Comm. Soc. Critt. Bot. Ital. 2: 451. 1867. Uromyces medicaginis (Passerini) Thuemen Herb Myc. Oecon. p. 156. 1867. Telia not described. On Leguminosae Medicago sativa Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940: 308; Almeida, 1975: 43; IBI-36330, Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 149; Almeida, 1975: 43; IBI-14117), So Paulo (Sydow, 1907: 354; Vigas, 1945: 72; Almeida 1975: 43; IAC-235, IBI-2730, Puttemans1636). Uromyces striatus is distributed worldwide where alfalfa (Medicago sativa Linnaeus) is grown. Laundon and Waterston (1965) report that infections are often sufficient to cause defoloiation which reduces the nutritive value of the fodder and reduces the capacity to enrich the soil with nitrogen. Spermogonia and aecia have been reported on Euphorbia cyparissius Linnaeus, Euphorbiaceae, from Europe but not from Latin America. Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaflets, numerous, scattered. Aecia on adaxial side of leaflets among spermogonia, peridium cupulate, white; aeciospores mostly 18-23 m diam, polygonoid or ellipsoid, wall 1 m thick, colorless, minutely verrucose. Uredinia mostly on abaxial side of leaflets, , 0.1-0.5 mm across, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, scattered or in small groups, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; urediniospores 18-24(-26) x (16-)18-22 m, globoid, subgloboid or broadly ellipsoid, wall (1-)1.52(-2,5) m thick, echinulate, golden-brown or light cinnamon-brown, germ pores (2)3-4(5), equatorial, less frequently slightly above the equator, with colorless, echinulate caps. Telia about dark cinnamon-brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores 18-26(-29) x 14-21 m, ellipsoid, obovoid or globoid to subgloboid, wall 1-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown or light chestnut-brown, 2-5-4 m thick at apex with a paler papilla, verrucose-striate, with ridges or elongated warts disposed longitudinally, sometimes united on the surface of spore; pedicel to 30 m long, rarely to 40 m long, colorless, thin-walled (Almeida, 1975). Hylander et al. (1953) reported that Uromyces pisi is a collective species name that includes six "races or race groups usually considered as species". These are: Uromyces euphorbiae-corniculati Jord., on Lotus sp.; Uromyces laburni (DeCandolle) Oth on Genista sp., Laburnum sp. and Sarothamnus sp.; Uromyces onobrichidis Bubak on Onobrychis sp.; Uromyces pisi on Lathyrus sp. and Pisum sativum; Uromyces punctatus on Oxytropis sp.; and Uromyces striatus Schroeter on Medicago spp. and Trifolium spp. Only Uromyces pisi and Uromuces striatus have been reported from Latin America, the others are from Europe. As far as has been reported , all have their spermogonia and aecia on Euphorbia cyparissias and other closely related species of Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae. But these have not been reported from Latin America. Uromyces superfixus Vestergreen reported on Bauhinia sp. from Paraba by Vigas (1945) but the specimen identified later as Uromyces bauhiniae P. Hennings by Almeida (1975). Uromyces taubertii P. Hennings, see SPHENOSPORA PALLIDA (Winter) Dietel. UROMYCES TENER Schroeter, in P. Hennings, Hedwigia 35: 225. 1896. TYPE on Manettia gracilis from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra de Oratorio, April 1889, Ule-1243. (-/-,-/III). On Rubiaceae Manettia gracilis Chamisso & Schlectendahl, Brazil (Hennings, 1896: 225; Joerstad, 1959: 86). Joerstad (1959) reported that Uromyces tener needs to be compared with Maravalia manettiae Joerstad from Ecuador. Uromyces tessariae (Spegazzini) Lindquist, see UROMYCES MEGALOSPERUS Spegazzini. UROMYCES TOLERANDUS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson, Mycologia 23: 471. 1931. TYPE on

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Manihot sp. from Brazil, So Paulo: Reserva Florestal, 9 May 1922, Holway-1827. (?/?,?/III). On Euphorbiaceae Manihot sp., Santa Catarina (Vigas, 1945: 72; IAC-3770), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 471; Vigas, 1945: 72; IAC-3755). Uromyces tolerandus has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia on abaxial side of leaves, 0.5-1 mm across, chestnut brown, scattered or gregarious in groups to 3 mm. across, tardily naked, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; teliospores 27 -38 x 18 22 m, ellipsoid, acute at apex; rounded below, wall 2-3 m thick, apex thickened 5-8 m, finely, evenly, and inconspicuously verrucose, chestnut brown, pedicel equalling the spore or shorter, colorless. The aspect is not that of a micro-form (Jackson, 1931). See Uromyces carthagenensis for a comparison of the six species of Uromyces known to infect Manihot. Uromyces tournefortiae P. Hennings, see Uredo pachystefgiae Dietel (UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway).

UROMYCES TRANSVERSALIS Winter, as (Thmen) Winter, Flora 62: 264. 1884. TYPE on Tritonia securigera Ker., Iridaceae, from South Africa, Cape of Good Hope: Somerset-East, July 1876, MacOwan s.n. Probably the same collection as the type of Uredo transversalis Thuemen. (?/?,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo transversalis Thuemen, Flora 1876, p. 570. TYPE on Tritonia securigera Ker., Iridaceae, from South Africa, Cape of Good Hope: Somerset-East, July 1876, MacOwan-1254. On Iridaceae Gladiolus sp., Minas Gerais (IBI 14208), Pernambuco (IBI 13875), Rio de Janeiro (IBI 14075), So Paulo (Pita, et al., 1982, IBI 13964). Uromyces transversalis on Gladiolus sp. has been reported from several countries in Africa and some European countries around the Mediterranian. Uromyces transversalis, which also has been reported to infect other genera in the Iridaceae: - Crocosmia sp., Tritonia sp., and Watsonia sp. - in Africa, was only recently introduced in Brazil on cultivated Gladiolus. This rust is now widespread in Brazil and has also been seen in Argentina. The specific epithet comes from the disposition of the uredinial and telial sori that are horizontal to the elongated longitudinal leaf veins. The telial sori are under the epidermis and loculate. The locules compress the teliospores resulting in their irregularly polygonal or other shapes. Their pedicels are very short so that some may appear sessile. See Pita, et al. (1981) for more information about this species in Brazil. Ferreira and Rijkenberg (1990) reported that with scanning electron microscopy they detected urediniospores were produced enteroblastically ("percrurrent proliferation"). At first each urediniosporogenous cell produced a distal holoblastic, pedicellate spore, followed successively by up to three more spores, each of these produced enteroblastically from the same sporogenous cell, their initials emerging through the base of the pedicel of the previous spore. When an enteroblastically produce spore come off of the sporogenous cell it leaves a minute collar around the remains of the previous pecicel base. UROMYCES TRICHOCLINES P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (67). 1899. TYPE on Trichocline polymorpha Baker, Compositae, from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Itocohamy, Feb 1892, Ule-1860. (?/?,IIcv/III). Anamorph Aecidium trichoclines P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (71). 1899. TYPE on the same specimen as for Uromyces trichoclines P. Hennings. Both anamorph and teleomorph are known only from the same type collection. No spermogonia were reported so we propose that the name Aecidium trichoclines applies to uredinia and probably to aecia.

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The Sydows (1910, 1923) reported telia as on the abaxial side of leaves, very small, compact, dark brown, and in dense groups; teliospores 28-42 x 14-20 m, fusoid to clavate, rounded to narrowed above, the apical wall thickened up to 11 m, the lateral wall thin, pale brown. the pedicel about the length of the spore, yellowish. The anamorph peridial cells 24-30 x 15-20 m, loosely united; spores 16-19 x 15-17 m, angularly globoid to ovoid, the wall 1-1.5 m, subcolorless, densely minutely verrucose. UROMYCES TRIFOLII-REPENTIS Liro, Bidr. Kaenned. Finland Nat. Folk 65: 94. 1908 var. TRIFOLII-REPENTIS. TYPE on Trifolium repens from Finland. Cummins (1983) designated a specimen in H as Lectotype. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae Trifolium sp., Paran (Fontoura & Nowacki, 1967/70: 176; Almeida, 1970: 38), Rio Grande do Sol (Almeida ( 1975: 38). Uromyces trifolii-repentis var. trifolii-repentis is the usual rust on the forage plant species Trifolium hybridum Linnaeus, T. repens Linnaeus, and other species of Trifolium circumglobally. Uromyces trifoliirepentis var. fallens (Arthur) Cummins, the only other variety, is also widespread, but it mostly infects the forage plant species Trifolium pratense Linnaeus. (Cummins, 1983) Uromyces trifolii-repentis var. trifolii-repentis:Urediniospores with (2-)3(-4), more or less equatorial germ pores with small cuticular caps. Uromyces trifolii-repentis var. fallens: Urediniospores with 3-4 equatorial, or more commonly 3-4 equatorial and one apical germ pore, and less commonly 6-7 pores . Cummins (1983) Walker (1978) clarified the nomenclature of Uromyces trifolii (Hedwig ex DeCandolle) Fuckel, which is a microcyclic species on Trifolium spp., especially on T. repens. We have found no report of this rust from Brazil but it has been reported from Argentina, Chile, and Colombia in South America. It is to be expected in Brazil. 16. UROMYCES NERVIPHILUS (Grog.) Hotson, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. Univ. Wash. 4: 368. 1925. Uromyces flectens Lagerheim ., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 3: 36. 1909. Spermogonia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves or mostly on petioles and veins, among the aecia, Aecia in groups, cupulate, margin somewhat erose, yellowish; aeciospores globoid to broadly ellipsoid, mostly with angular edges, mostly 18-24 x 13-20 p. wall colorless, about 1 m thick, minutely verrucose. Uredinia unknown. Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves chocolate-brown, minute, scattered or in groups, coalescent, frequently elongated, causing hypertrophy on the veins and petioles, long covered by the epidermis, then pulverulent; teliospores ellipsoid, obovoid, globoid or ovoid, (18-)20-28(-30) x 15-22(-25) m, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown or light chestnut-brown, with a low, round papilla over the pore, paler than spore, minutely and inconspicuously verrucose, appearing smooth; pedicel colorless, thin-walled, breaking near the hilum. (Almeida, 1975) 7. UROMYCES TRIFOLII (Hedw. f. ex DC.) Winter, Hedwigia 19: 37, 1880, var. TRIFOLII. Puccinia trifolii Hedwig f. ex DC., Flore Fr. 2: 225. 1805, Uromyces trifolii (Hedwig f.) Lev., Ann, Sci, Nat. 1119 8: 371. 1847. Uromyces trifolii-repentis Liro, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 29, no 6, p. 15. 1906. Uromyces hybridi W. H. Davis, Mycologia 10: 212. 1924. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, in groups. Aecia on both sides of leaves in groups, peridium cupulate, margin erose, yellowish; aeciospores mostly globoid or with angular edges 15-21(-24) x 13-17(-20) m wall 1 m thick, finely verrucose, colorless. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, light cinnamon-brown, scattered, rounded, 0.1-0.5 mm across, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, pulverulent; urediniospores globoid to broadly ellipsoid, (21-)24-28(-30) x (18-)20-23 31, wall 1.5- m thick, golden-brown, echinulate, 2-3(4) equatorial or slightly above the equator germ pores, with colorless, echinulate caps, Telia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, chestnut-brown, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores globoid to broadly ellipsoid, (20-)22-28(-30) x (16-)18-24 m, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon-brown, with a low colorless papilla over the pore, and few to many verrucae, scattered or frequently in lines, or smooth; pedicel colorless, thin-walled, short, rarely to 30 m long. (Almeida, 1975) UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke (as triquetra), Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 184. 1862. TYPE

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on Hypericum sp. from The United States of America, Maine: Scarboro,Westbrook, date not reported, E.C. Bolles s.n. (0/Icv,IIpe+?IIcv/III). = Uromyces hyperici Curtis, Cat. Pl. North Carolina, p. 123. 1867. = Uromyces hyperici-frondosi Arthur [ as (Schw.) Arthur], Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. ser. 2, 2: 15. 1883. A lectotype needs to be chosen from the specimens with telia studied by Arthur. ' Nigredo hyperici-frondosi (Arthur) Arthur, as (Schw.) n.n., Rsult. Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienna, p.344. 1906. = Uromyces pachycephelus Neger, Anal. Univ. Chile 93: 785. 1896. TYPE on Hypericum chilense from Chile, near Concepcion, date not reported, Neger s.n. = Uromyces hypericinus Spegazzini, Anal. Mus. Nac. de Buenos Aires 19: 311. 1909. TYPE on Hypericum brasiliensis from Argentina, Chaco: Ipana near Formosa, Oct 1881, Spegazzini s.n. ? Uredo hyperici Schweinitz. Anamorphs Aecidium hyperici-frondosi Schweinitz, Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 68. 1822. TYPE on Hypericum aureum Barton (recorded originally as Hypericum frondosum Michaux) from The United States of America, North Carolina: Narrows of Yadkin, date not reported, Schweinitz s.n. This anamorph functions as aecia and possibly also as uredinia. = Aecidium minutissimum Gerard, Bull torey Bot. C.ub 5: 40. 1874. TYPE on Hypericum mutilum from The United States of America, New York: Poughkeepsie, Oct-Nov, year not reported, Gerard s.n. Uredo hyperici Sprengel in Linnaeus, Syst. Veg. 4: 572. 1827. TYPE not determined. This anamorph functions as urdedinia. = Trichobasis hyperici W. Gerard, Bull. Torrey Bot. C.ub 4: 47. 1873. TYPE not determined. The teleomorph and anamorph synonomy are too extensive to include all here. See Arthur (N. Amer. Fl. 7: 261. 1912; and Man. Rusts in United States and Canada, 1934), and Lindquist (1983) for other synonyms. On Clusiaceae (Hypericaceae, Guttiferae) Hypericum brasiliense Choisy, Minas Gerais ( Joerstad, 1959: 68), Rio de Janeiro (Jackson 1931: 481), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 481; IBI-16968A). Hypericum mutilum Linnaeus, Minas Gerais (Joerstad, 1959: 68). Hypericum sp., Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 481), So Paulo (Jackson, 1931: 481). Uromyces triquetrus has been reported as widespread in the New World from Argentina to southern Canada. It has been reported in the Old World from South Africa, China, and Japan. Arthur (1883) reported observations suggesting the interesting possibiity that Aecidium hypericifrondosi may function as either aecia or uredinia, while Uredo hyperici functions as uredinia. These observatrions also suggest an evolutionary loss of the Uredo hyperici morph from the life cycle and a change in the function of the Aecidium anamorph from an aecial role to an uredinial role. Uromyces tweedianus (Spegazzini) Bartholomew, see UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Holway. UROMYCES ULEANUS Dietel, Hedwigia 36:27. 1897. TYPE on Euphorbia sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Serra Geral, Jan1891, Ule-1731, and March, 1891, Ule-1732. One of these two specimens needs to be designated as a lectotype. (?/?,IIpe/III). On Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia sp., Brasil (Dietel, 1897: 27; Tranzschel, 1910: 11.). UROMYCES UNIONENSIS Vigas, Bragantia 5: 73. 1945. TYPE on Desmodium sp. (reported as Meibomia sp.)from Brazil,Alagoas: Unio, Oct 1939, Deslandes-436 (?/?,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae Desmodium sp., Alagoas (Vigas, 1945: 73; Almeida, 1975: 39; IAC-3816). Uromyces unionensis has been reported only from Brazil.

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Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, scattered or confluent, minute, round, at first covered by epidermis, later pulverulent, light cinnamon-brown, paraphyses inconspicuous, capitate or clavate, 10-20 m wide apically, thin walled, collapsing, colorless, urediniospores 18-28(-29) x (16-)18-22(-24) m, globoid, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1-1.5 m thick, pale yellow or pale yellow-brown, echinulate, germ pores 4-5, equatorial or approximately equatorial, less frequently with 3-4 equatorial or approximately equatorial and 1 near or at apex. Telia blackish brown, otherwise as the uredinia or teliospores sometimes mixed with urediniospores; teliospores 24 -29(-32) x 22-28 m, ovoid or globoid-ellipsoid, wall 3-4 m thick at sides, 5-7 m thick at apex, dark chestnut-brown, with a paler, not clearly differentiated papilla at apex, varying from verrucose, with round, elongate and irregular warts more prominent toward the apex or these united to form a kind of labyrinth, to irregularly reticulate; pedicel to 40 m long, colorless, mostly collapsing (Almeida, 1975). See Uromyces castaneus for a key to the species of Uromyces on Desmodium in Brazil. UROMYCES URBANIANUS P. Hennings, Hedwigia 36: 213. 1897. TYPE on Orycanthus spicatus from Trinidad, St. Anna, date not reported, J. H. Hart-6099. (?/?,IIcv,III). On Loranthaceae Struthanthus complexus Eichler, Rio de Jaeniro (PUR-F2699). Uromyces urbanianus has been reported also from Argentina, Colombia, and Trinidad, and also on the host genera Antidaphne and Phrygillanthus. See Uromyces circumscriptus for a key to species of Uromyces on Loranthaceae in the New World. Uromyces usterianus Dietel, see UROMYCES MYRSINES Dietel. Uromyces usterii Spegazzini, see KUEHNEOLA LOESENERIANA (P. Hennings) H.S. Jackson & Holway. Uromyces verus H. S. Jackson & Holway, see UROMYCES FLORALIS Vestergren. Uromyces vestitus Dietel, see TRACHYSPORA VESTITA (Dietel) Lindquist. UROMYCES VICIAE-FABAE Schroeter, Hedwigia 14: 161. 1857. TYPE (Neotype designated by Cummins, 1978) on Vicia faba Linaeus, locality and date of collection not recorded, in the Persoon herbarium in Leiden, The Netherlands. (0/Icv,IIpe/III) or ?(0/Icv + Ipe,IIpe/III) or ?(0/Icv,IIcv/III). Anamorph Uredo viciae-fabae Persoon, Synopsis Methodica Fungorum, p. 221. 1801. Telia present but not described. = Uromyces fabae DeBary, Ann. Soc. Nat Bot ser. 4, 20: 80. 1863. Telia not described. On Leguminosae Lens culinaris Medicus, Rio Grande do Sul (Lindquist & Costa Neto, 1963: 1929; Almeida, 1975:37). Vicia faba Linnaeus (Faba vulgaris Moench), Minas Gerais (Thurston, 1940:307; Almeida, 1975: 37), Paran (Fontoura & Noawacki, 1967/70: 178), Rio Grande do Sul (Juel, 1897: 16; Almeida, 1975: 37), So Paulo (Hennings, 1902D: 295); Vigas, 1945: 64; Almeida, 1975: 37; IAC-273; IBI-3535). Vicia sp. So Paulo (Vigas, 1945: 64; Almeida, 1975: 37; IAC-1500). Uromyces viciae-fabae has been reported circumglobally mostly on cultivated species of Lathyrus, Lens, Orobus, Pisum, and Vicia. Laundon and Waterston (1965) reported that "although widespread this pathogen usually causes only slight injury". But Lindquist (1982) stated that "This autoecious species ...is very common and very damaging to cultivated broad bean ("habas") and lentils ("lentejas"). Epiphytotics induced by this pathogen constitute a limiting factor for the cultivation of lentils in all of Latin America. Spermogonia mostly on the adaxial side of leaves, in groups. Aecia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, in groups, peridium cupulate, whitish, margin erose; aeciospores 18-26 x 15-21 m, mostly broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.0-1.5 m thick, colorless, densely and finely verrucose. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, scattered. 0.1-1 mm across, mostly rounded, yellow-brown or light cinnamon-brown, surrounded by the

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ruptured epidermis, pulverulent; urediniospores (20-)22-30(-32) x (18-)19-24(-26) m, ellipsoid, obovoid or globoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, light golden-brown, echinulate, germ pores (3)4(5) equatorial or nearly equatorial, less frequently scattered, or with 3-4 equatorial and 1 at apex, with colorless, echinulate caps. Telia blackish brown, compact, otherwise as the uredinia; teliospores (22-)24-35(-38) x (18-)20-26 m, ovoid, obovoid, subgloboid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, 5-10 m at apex, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicel to 40 m, less frequently to 65 m long, yellowish brown or only near the spore, mostly collapsing (Almeida, 1975). Uromyces viciae-fabae has been used extensively as an experimental organism to study rust biology. Experimental inoculations reviewed by Wilson and Henderson (1966) suggested that the life cycle may be variable. In Canada inoculations with basidiospores resulted in two forms of aecia, some having the morphology of Aecidium and some having the form of Uredo. In India uredinia were produced that had the morphology of Aecidium at temperatures between 17 and 22 C, while above 25 C the uredinia had the morphology of Uredo. UROMYCES VICINUS H. S. Jackson & Holway in Jackson , Mycologia 23: 499. 1931. TYPE on Ipomoea sp., from Brazil, So Paulo: Juquery, 12 June 1922, Holway-1961. (?/?,IIep/III). On Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. Minas Gerais (Jackson, 1931: 499; IBI-13529); Rio Grande do Sul (IBI-17419); Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1931: 499); So Paulo (Jackson,1931: 499, IBI-18368). Uromyces vicinus has been reported only from Brazil. We found paraphyses in our collections that we describe here but Jackson (1931) did not include them in his description. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered or in groups on both sides of leaves but mostly on the abaxial side, 0.2-0.4 mm across, early naked, ruptured epidermis noticeable, powdery, cinnamonbrown, paraphyses peripheral, numerous, 45-75 x 4-8 m, mostly collapsed, usually capitate, the head 17-19 m in diameter, wall about 0.75 m thick, urediniospores 24-28 x 19-22 m, ellipsoid to obovoid, wall 1 m thick or less, closely and finely echinulate, pale golden brown, pores obscure, 2 or 3, equatorial. Telia like the uredinia but blackish-brown, compact; teliospores 28-37 x 18-23 m, ellipsoid, obovoid, or oblong, somewhat variable, rounded or obtuse above, rounded or often somewhat narrowed below, wall 1 m thick at sides, 6-12 m thick above and often somewhat lamellate, chestnut-brown, smooth; pedicel short, deciduous, colorless or slightly tinted next to the spore (Jackson, 1931). UROMYCES VIOSENSIS Almeida, Fitopat. Bras. 2: 56. 1977. TYPE on Bauhinia sp., Leguminosae, from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viosa, date not reported, A. S. Mueller-741. (0/Ipe,IIpe/III). Uromyces viosensis has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia few to many, in groups, on spots to 5 mm diam. on the adaxial side of leaves. Aecia and aeciospores like the urediniospores, in groups, coalescent, cinnamon-brown, opposite the spermogonia. Uredinia mostly on the abaxial side of leaves, minute, scattered, or in small groups, coalescent, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent; urediniospores 22-29 x 20-24 m, obovoid, broadly globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2-2.5(-3) m thick, conspicuously echinulate, yellow-brown to cinnamon-brown, germ pores 4-5 equatorial or approximately equatorial, rarely 4 equatorial and 1 at apex, without or with small, colorless echinulate caps. Telia on adaxial side of leaves, minute, scattered or mostly in groups, coalescent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, among or surrounding the spermogonia, cinnamon-brown to reddish brown; teliospores 17-22 x 15-20 m, mostly globoid or broadly ellipsoid, wall 2-3 m thick at sides, pale yellow to golden-brown, reticulate, with salient reticula and meshes variable to about 2 m diam, at apex with a paler umbo to 2-2.5 m high; pedicel colorless, thin-walled, breaking near the hilum. The combination of the larger, cinnamon-brown urediniospores, which are conspicuously echinulate and have 4-5 equatorial germ pores, and the smaller, pale yellow to golden-brown teliospores makes this species distinct (Almeida, 1975). See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. UROMYCES VIEGASII R. Almeida, Fitopat. Bras. 2: 55-56. 1977. TYPE on Bauhinia forficata Link, Leguminosae, from Brazil, So Paulo: So Jos do Rio Pardo, date not reported, A. S. Costa. (0/-,-/III). Uromyces viegasii has been reported only from Brazil.

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Spermogonia few, on adaxial side of leaves. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia on both sides of leaves on brown spots 1-5 mm diam, surrounded by a yellow halo, minute, cinnamon-brown, scattered or in groups, sometimes in circles around the spermogonia, long covered by the epidermis, later pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, teliospores (15-)18-22(-24) x (13-)16-18(-20) m, globoid or ellipsoid, wall 1.5-2.5 m thick at sides, golden to golden-brown, reticulate, with meshes of variable size and shape to about 2-2-5 m diam; at the apex the reticula are more salient and paler, forming a low and distinct papilla to 2-5(-3) m high; pedicel to 10-15 m long, breaking near the hilum, colorless, thin-walled. (Almeida, 1975). See Uromyces anthemophilus for notes on rusts on Bauhinia. UROMYCES VIGNAE Barclay, J. Asia. Soc. Bengal 60: 211. 1891. TYPE on Vigna vexillata Linnaeus) A. Rich. from near Simla, India, date not reported,Barclay. (0/Icv,IIpe/III). On Leguminosae: Vigna unguiculata, Maranho (IBI 15505), ), Paraba (IBI-15455), Pernambuco (IBI 15460), Piau (IBI 15454). Lablab purpureus. So Paulo (IBI-17620A, II). Uromyces vignae is widespread on Vigna spp. and related genera. It has been reported often as U. appendiculatus, which is considered as conspecific by some authors, but U. vignae is characterized by having two supraequatorial, evident germ pores in the urediniospores instead of two equatorial, often obscure pores as in U. appendiculatus. Also the walls of the teliospores appear smooth while in U. appendiculatus the teliospore walls are often irregularly sculptured. Uromyces vignae is an important rust for the Northeast of Brazil on fajo de vara (Vigna unguiculata). We identified a specimen from HBG labeled as Ule-2327, on Vigna luteola from Rio de Janeiro; Copacabana, 1 Aug 1897, as Uromyces vignae. It has uredinia scattered on both sides of leaflets, blister-like at first, erumpent, surrounded by the broken epidermis, cinnamon-brown, powdery; urediniospores 26-29(-36) x 23-25 m, ellipsoid, globoid to obovoid, wall 1.5-2 m thick, cinnamon brown, echinulate but with irregular smooth spots on the sides, pores 2, supraequatorial. Telia like the uredinia but chestnut-brown and smaller, teliospores (29-)32-39 x 22-27 m, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, often somewhat narrowed above as a broad umbo, rounded or slightly narrowed below, wall about 2 m thick laterally, 3-5.5 m thick apically, cinnamon-brown, very finely, irregularly verrucose, appearing almost smooth, pedicel usually broken at the spore. UROMYCES WULFFIAE P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43: 158. 1904. TYPE on Wulffia sp., Compositae, from Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Juru, Juru-miri, August 1901, E. Ule-2687. (-/-,-/III). On Compositae: Wulffia baccata Kuntze, Par (IAN-631). Wulffia sp., Amazonas (Hennings 1904B: 158). Uromyces wulffiae has been reported only from Brazil. Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia unknown. Telia on circular or angular discolored spots on both sides of leaves, scattered or in groups; teliospores 20-35 x 14-18 m, oblong, piriform, subfusoid to clavate, the wall thickened at the apex which appears flattened, rounded, papillate, to crenate (Sydows, 1910). Although Hennings (1904) described urediniospores for Uromyces wulffiae, the Sydows (1910) found none when they examined the same specimen. The species is treated here as a microcyclic form. The teliospores of Uromyces wulffiae are much narrower (14-18 m) than those of Uromyces wulfiae-stenoglossae (20-26 m), the only other species of Uromyces reported on Wulffia. UROMYCES WULFFIAE-STENOGLOSSAE Dietel, Ann. Mycol. 6: 96. 1908. TYPE on Wulffia stenoglossae from Brazil, Par: Marco, Jan 1908, C. F. Baker. (?/?,II/III). On Compositae: Wulffia baccata (Linnaeus f.) Kuntze, Amap (IBI-16092); Maranho (IBI-16113), Par (Albuquerque, 1971: 149; IBI-13622; IAN-549). Wulffia maculata DeCandolle, So Paulo (Jackson, 1932: 174). Wulffia maculata var. oblongifolia (DeCandolle) O. E. Schultz, Rio de Janeiro (Jackson, 1932). Wulffia stenoglossa DeCandolle, Par (Dietel, 1908: 96; Dietel, 1909: 262). Wulffia sp., Minas Gerais (IBI 16311), Paraba (Vigas, 1945: 74; IAC-3673), So Paulo

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(Jackson, 1932: 174; IBI-12141). Uromyces wulffiae-stenoglossae has been reported also from Venezuela, Guyana, and Trinidad. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia scattered on both sides of leaves, punctiform, chestnutbrown, on irregular yellowish leaf spots; urediniospores 24-28 x 21-25 m, broadly ellipsoid to globoid or pyriform, wall 1.5 m thick, sparsely echinulate, chestnut-brown, pores 2, subequatorial; teliospores 26-36 x 20-26 m, ellipsoid, obovoid, subglobose, sometimes angular, wall 1-1.5 m thick at sides, 5-8 m above, pale brown, smooth, pedicel to 60 m long, colorless, subpersistent. The teliospores of Uromyces wulffiae-stenoglossae are much broader (20-26 m) than those of U. wulffiae (14-18 m), the only other species of Uromyces reported on Wulffia. UROMYCLADIUM McAlpine, Ann. Mycol. 3: 303-323 (321). 1905. TYPE SPECIES Uromycladium simplex McAlpine. Spermogonia subepidermal, GroupVI (type 5 or perhaps sometimes type 7). Aecia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, Uredo type, aeciospores borne singly on pedicels, walls verrucose or reticulate, pores equatorial. Uredinia and urediniospores like the aecia and aeciospores but not asociated with spermogonia. Telia subepidermal in origin, erumpent, teleospores composed of 1 probasidial cell, with one to three borne on a usually branched and septate pedicel that may also bear a hygroscopic sporelike cyst, germpore 1, the teliospore walls usually pigmented, smooth or sculptured, metabasidia external (Cummins and Hiratsuka, 2003). McAlpine (1906) reported mesospores in three species of Uromycladium in Australia, including U. alpinum. These mesospores are unusual because thy are reported not to have any germ pores and they have not been reported to germinate. Thus, they may be a special sort of paraphyses. A genus of about 7 species mostly confined to Australia, New Zeland, and surrounding areas, all parasites of Acacia and Albizia species (Leguminosae) native to that area. Uromycladium alpinum has been reported also from South Africa and Brazil on introduced Acacia mearsnii. Some species are microcyclic, and some cause conspicuous branch galls and distortions of hosts. UROMYCLADIUM ALPINUM McAlpine, Ann. Mycol. 3: 308. 1905. TYPE: a lectotype needs to be designated from one of the collections with telia on Acacia from Australia listed by McAlpine in the original description. (0/Ipe,IIpeX/III). On Leguminosae Acacia mearnsii De Wildeman [ Racosperma mearnsii (De Wildeman) Pedley], Rio Grande do Sul (Santos and Ferreira, 2002). Uromycladium alpinum, a native rust on at least six species of Acacia in Australia, has been reported also from New Zealand and South Africa on introduced Acacia mearnsii (Morris et al., 1988). Spermogonia on both sides of phyllodes, minute, black, shinning and punctiform. Aecia surrounding or accompanied by the spermogonia, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, powdery, aeciospores 35-51(-58) x 21-26 m, shortly elongate clavate, occasionally oval or oblong, wall scarcely thickened at apex, warted equally all over, yellowish- to golden-brown, germ pores 3-5 ("on one face"), equatorial. Uredinia like the aecia but without spermogonia. Mesospores not uncommon in uredinia, 15-25 x 10-15 m, ellipsoid to obloing or obovate, rounded at apex, wall evenly thick, smooth, without apical germ pore, pedicel colorless (McAlpine, 1906). Teliospores at first intermixed with urediniospores, two teliospores and a cyst borne on one pedicel, spores composed of one probasidial cell, 19-22 x 25-30 m, depressed globose to subglobose, wall very slightly thickened at apex, smooth, brown to dark brown, vesicle on pedicel immediately below a septum below the two spores, about 25 m diam., globose or slightly ellipsoid, colorless Santos and Ferreira (2002) reported only uredinia from Brazil. They gave the following traits: uredinia 0.1-0.25 mm across, without paraphyses; urediniospores 23-42 x 14-23 m, ellipsoid, obovoid, rounded to narrowed at apex, or sometimes more pointed and wall thickened, as shown by a photographic illustration, and germ pores 4-5, equatorial. They did not state the sort of spore wall sculpture. McAlpine (1906) reported traits that help to identify Uromycladium alpinum include two teliospores and one cyst on a pedicel, and urediniospores sub-clavate, evenly warted all over, and the urediniospore scarcely thickened at the apex . Acacia mearnsii was introduced into Brazil and many other countries from Australia as a source of tanin, charcoal production, and wood pulp, but has escaped to become a weedy species difficult to control.

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Uromycladium cubense Arthur & J. R. Johnston, see DIABOLE CUBENSIS (Arthur & J. R. Johnston) Arthur. Uromycopsis Arthur, Rsult Sci. Congr. Bot. Vienne p. 345. 1906. TYPE SPECIES: Uredo excavata DeCandolle on Euphorbia dulcis, Euphorbiaceae, from Europe. Arthur (1921) placed Uromycopsis as a synonym of Pucciniola with 25 species in North America. Previously these species were in Uromyces. Arthur (1906, 1921) proposed that Pucciniola be based on a confusing mixture of variations in the morphological and ontogenic concepts of life cycles. In ontogenic terminology the species are long cycled and autoecous, both the uredinia and aecia, when known, have the morphology of the anamorph genus Aecidium. In herbarium specimens, aecia can be identified only if spermogonia are present. In morphologic terminology the species have no uredinia. Teliospores are onecelled as in Uromyces. Pucciniola (= Uromycopsis), with its one-celled teliospores, is parallel to Allodus with its two-celled teliospores as in Puccinia.. Later, Arthur (1934) abandoned the use of Allodus and Pucciniola (= Uromycopsis). Most of the species are now placed in Puccinia and Uromyces respectively. Uromycopsis cestri (Montagne) Arthur, see Aecidium cestri Montagne (UROMYCES CESTRI Montagne). Uromycopsis indurata (H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway) Arthur, see UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow, P. Sydow & Holway. UROPYXIS Schroeter, Hedwigia 14: 165. 1875. TYPE SPECIES: Uropyxis amorphae (M. A. Curtis) Schroeter. A genus of about 15 species, mostly on Leguminosae in North America and Africa. Species that are included in Uropyxis but may not belong include U. arisanensis (Hiratsuka & Hashioka) S Ito & Murayama on Cucurbitaceae from Taiwan, and U. rickiana listed below on Bignoniaceae. The genus is characterized by two celled teliospores with two germ pores in each cell, and type seven spermogonia (Baxter, 1959). Uropyxis crotalariae Arthur, see UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) J. W. Baxter. Uropyxis reticulata Cummins, see UROPYXIS RICKIANA P. Magnus. UROPYXIS RICKIANA P. Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 176. 1906. TYPE on unidentified Bignoniaceae [now considered to be Macfadyena, probably M. unguis-cati (Linnaeus.) A. Gentry] from Brazil, Santa Catarina: So Leopoldo, 1905, J. Rick (HBG; isotypes Rick, Fungi Austro-Americani No. 105). (0/Ipre,IIpre/III). = Uropyxis reticulata Cummins, Mycologia 31: 171. 1939. TYPE on Macfadyena unguis-cati (Linnaeus) A. Gentry from Argentina, LaPlata, Feb 1937, J. C. Lindquist s.n. On Bignoniaceae Macfadyena unguis-cati (Linnaeus.) A. Gentry, Par (Albuquerque-881), So Paulo (IBI-14271). Uropyxis rickiana has been reported from Argentina and Brazil. Spermogonia on both sides of leaves on hemisphaerical galls and on hypertrophied areas of various sizes on petioles and stems. Aecia, develop around the spermogonia, dark brown, without paraphyses, spores borne singly on pedicels, variable in size and shape, (25-)28-35(-36) x (19-)22-25(-30) m, mostly obovoid, wall 2-3(-3.5) m thick, cinnamon to chestnut brown, reticulate with meshes 2-3 m diam and narrow separating ridges, pores 2, equatorial in slightly flattened sides. Uredinia on the abaxial side of leaves, small, scattered, not causing hypertrophy, dark brown, without paraphyses, urediniospores quite regular in shape and size, 25-32 x 21-25 m, mostly obovoid, wall 2-2.5 m thick, about cinnamon-brown, reticulate as the aeciospores, pores 2, equatorial. Telia associated with spermogonia and aecia on small or large (to 6 cm diam) galls, chocolate brown, forming in fissures of the galls, teliospores (32-)35-42(-46) x (20-)23-27(-30) m, mostly broadly oblong-ellipsoid, wall 2.5-3.5 thick, chestnut brown, very inconspicuously bilaminate in lactophenol mounts, verrucose with mostly discrete low warts or low rounded cones, pores equatorial, one in each cell, pedicel to 100 m long, thick-walled, colorless, terete but rugose in lower or 1/3, persistent.

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Uropyxis rickiana is distinctive because of the reticulate walls of the aeciospores and urediniospores, and the perennial woody galls that probably produce teliospores for many years. The uredinia and some teliospores occur only on new leaves. The reticulate walls of the anamorph spores, the non-laminate walls of the teliospores , and the host family Bignoniaceae suggest that this species is misplaced in Uropyxis. But a better genus is unknown. Baxter (1959) suggested that Uropyxis reticulata Cummins could be considered as a variety of U. rickiana. We see no reason for keeping U. reticulata as a separate taxon. YPSILOSPORA Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 47. 1941. TYPE SPECIES, Ypsilospora baphiae Cummins. Spermogonia Group VI, type 7 (known only for the type, a microcyclic species). Aecia and uredinia with spores very similar and echinulate walls. Teliospores composed of two, laterally free, thin-walled, colorless, probasidial cells that arise at the distal end of an elongated pedicel. The pedicel arises from a well defined sporogenous cell that may produce both urediniospores and teliospores. In addition to the type, one other species is also known from Africa, both on Baphia spp., Leguminosae. In the New World this genus has been reported only from the one species listed below. This New World rust has long been known as Uredo ingae. This anamorph was mistakenly thought by some mycologists to be part of the life cycle of Chaconia ingae (H. Sydow) Cummins, but Mains (1932) correctly separated it from Chaconia. After teliospores were found in a collection made in 1994 from Tucumn, Argentina, it became possible to recognize that the anamorph had been known in Brazil since 1899 [Hennings, 1899: (69)]. YPSILOSPORA TUCUMANENSIS J. R. Hernndez & J. F. Hennen, Mycologia 95: 751. 2003. TYPE on Inga edulis Martius from Argentina, Tucumn: San Miguel de Tucumn (Quinta Agronmica) , 6 April 1994, J. F. Hennen, M. M. Hennen & J. R. Hernndez-94-96. (?/Ipe,IIpe/III). Anamorph Uredo ingae P. Hennings, Hedwigia Beiblatt 38: (69). 1899. TYPE on Inga sp. from Brazil, Santa Catarina: Hennings lists three collections by Ule, one each from Blumenau, Ule-1591 (the lectotype chosen by Mains , 1932), So Francisco, Ule-1592, and Campo Bello, Ule2104. This anamorph name is for both aecia and uredinia. ' Ravenelia ingae (P. Hennings) Arthur, N. Am. Fl. 7: 132. 1907. Telia not described. Haploravenelia ingae (Arthur) Syd., Ann. Mycol. 19: 165. 1921. = Uromyces pulverulentus Spegazzini, Rev. Argent. Bot. 1: 143-144. 1925. TYPE on Inga sp. from Argentina, Isla Martin Garcia, 23 Nov 1923, Spegazzini s.n. Telia not decribed. On Leguminosae Inga sp., Rio de Janeiro (BPI-18886), Santa Catarina (Hennings, 1889: (69), So Paulo (BPI 18884). Although the teleomorph of Ypsilospora tucumanensis has been reported only from the type, its anamorph, Uredo ingae, has been known in Brazil since 1899 (Hennings, 1899: (69), and has been reported from Argentina, Venezuela, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Puerto Rico. Spermogonia not seen. Aecia on both sides of hypertrophied leaves, petioles, young buds, branches, and flowering parts causing large, brown, powdery abnormal growths, subepidermal in origin, erumpent, without paraphyses; aeciospores pedicellate, (16-)20-22(-28) x (13-)14-16(-17) m, obovoid to ellipsoid, short clavate, or irregular, attenuate at base; walls 2-4 m at sides, often a little thicker at apex, finely echinulate, hyaline, germination pores 3-4, equatorial. Uredinia on abaxial side of leaves, whitish, scattered; urediniospores similar to the aeciospores. Teliospores in uredinia, composed of two, laterally free probasidial cells attached to the distal end of a hypha-like pedicel, suggesting the letter Y, each propasidial cell 30-70 x 10-20 m, clavate to narrowly ellipsoid, wall thin, 1 m or less, hyaline, germ pore not differentiated, metabasidia develop without dormancy by apical elongation of probasidia. The anamorph Uredo ingae was mistakenly thought by some mycologists to be part of the life cycle of Chaconia ingae (H. Sydow) Cummins, but Mains (1932) correctly separated it from Chaconia.

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Soto, H. M. P. 1994. Uredinales de reas do Estado do Amap. Dissertao, Mestrado de Criptgamos, Univ. Fed. de Pernambuco, Recife. Soto, H. M. P. 2001. Uredinales da floresta nacional de Caxiuan. Tese, Doutorado en Scincias Biolgicas da Universidad Federal do Par, Belm. Spegazzini, C. 1880. Fungi Argentini. Pugillus tertius. An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 122-168. (Six species of Uredinales, four of which are designated as (n. sp.), are recorded on pages 133, 134). Spegazzini, C. 1883 (1884?). Fungi guaranitici I. Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 17: 119-134. Spegazzini, C. 1889. Fungi Puiggariani. Pugillus 1, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11: 378-622. Spegazzini, C. 1908. Fungi aliquot Paulistani. Revista Mus. La Plata 15: 7-48. (Specimens collected mostly by Q. A. Uster, Scholae Polytechnicae Paulistanae) Spegazzini, C. 1919. Reliquiae Mycologici Tropicae et . Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cordoba 23: 365-609. Spegazzini, C. 1922. Micromycetes nonnulli Brasilienses. Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 93: 111. Spegazzini, C. 1925. Uredineas nuevas o criticas. Rev. Argentina Bot. 1: 93-145. (Puccinia bonnairensis). Sydow, H. 1921. Die Verwertung der Verwandtschaftsverhltnisse und des gegenwrtigen Entsicklungsganges zur Umgrenzung der Gattungen bei den Uredineen (The affinities and course of development as a means of defining the natural position of the genera of the Uredineae). Ann. Mycol. 19:161-175. Sydow, H. 1925. Fungi in itinere costaricensi collecti. I. Ann. Mycol. 23: 308-429. Sydow, H. 1932. Nova fungorum species-XXI. Ann. Mycol. 30: 91-117. Sydow, H. 1934. Novae fungorum species-XXII. Ann. Mycol. 32: 286-299. Sydow, H. 1939. Fungi aequatoriensis. Ann. Myc. 37: 275-438. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1902. Einige neue Uredineen. Oesterr. Botan. Zeitschr. 52: 182-185. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1903. Diagnosen neuer Uredineen und Ustilagineen nebst Bemerkungen zu einigen bereits bekannten Arten. Ann. Mycol. 1: 15-23. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1903. Neue und kritische Uredineen. Ann. Mycol. 1: 324-334. Sydow, P. and H. Sydow. 1902-1904. Monographia Uredinearumvol. I; vol. II, 1909-1910; vol. III, 19121915; vol. IV, 1923-1924. Fratres Borntraeger, Leipsig. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1906. Fungi Indiae orientalis, pars I. Ann. Mycol. 4: 424-445. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1906. Neue und kritische Uredineen-IV. Ann. Mycol. 4: 30. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1907. Verzeichnis der von Herrn. F. Noack in Brasilien gesammelten Pilze. Ann. Mycol. 5: 348-363. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1908. Ueber eine Anzahl aus der Gattung Uromyces auszuschliessender resp. unrichtig beschriebner Arten. Ann. Mycol. 6: 135-143. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1910. Fungi Paraenses. Hedwigia 49: 78-84.

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Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1912. Novae fungorum species VIII. Ann. Mycol. 10: 405-410. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1916A. Fungi amazonici a cl. E. Ule lecti. Ann. Mycol. 14: 65-97. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1916B. Novae fungorum species XIV. Ann. Mycol. 14: 256-262. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1918. Mykologische Mitteilungen. Ann. Mycol. 16: 240-248. Sydow, H. and P. Sydow. 1919. ber einige Uredineen mit quelbaren Membranen und erhhter Keimporenzahl. Ann. Mycol. 17: 101-107. Theissen, S. J. 1910. Fragmenta brasilica III. Ann. Mycol. 8: 452-463. Thirumalachar, M. J. 1949. Critical notes on some plant rusts. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 76: 339-342. Thirumalachar, M. J. and M. J. Narasimhan. 1951. Critical notes on some plant rusts III. Sydowia 5: 476483. Thomas, H. E. 1918. Cultures of Aecidium tubulosum and A. passifloricola. Phytopathology 8: 163-164. Thurston, H. W. 1933. The standing of two species of Uromyces on Panicum. Mycologia 25: 442-444. Thurston, H. W. Jr. 1940. The rusts of Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on collections by A. S. Muller. Mycologia 32: 290-309. Tranzschel, W. 1910. Die auf der Gattung Euphorbia auftretenden autoeischen Uromyces-Arten. Ann. Mycol. 8: 1-35. Trotter, A. 1904. Notulae mycologicae. Ann. Mycol. 2: 533-538. Urban, Z. 1971 (1973). The autoecious species of Puccinia on Vernonieae in North America. Acta Univ. Caroline Biolgica (Praha) 1971 (1973): 1-84, + 3 plates. Vestergren, T. 1905. Monographie der auf der Leguminosen-Gattung Bauhinia vorkommenden UromycesArten. Ark. Bot. 4(15): 1-34. Vigas, A. P. 1943. Alguns fungos do cerrado. Bragantia 3: 49-72. Vigas, A. P. 1945A. Alguns fungos do Brasil IV. Uredinales. Bragantia 5: 1-144. Vigas, A. P. 1945B. Uns poucos fungos do Brasil. Bragantia 5: 561-582. Vigas, A. P. 1945C. Fungi Aliquot brasiliensis. Bol. Soc. Brasileira Agron. (Rio de Janeiro). 8: 161-173. Vigas, A. P. 1960. Porotenus n. gen. Uredinearum. Bragantia 19: p. XCV & estampas 1, 2. Vigas, A. P. 1960. Uma ferrugem do Saguaragi. Bragantia 19:, pp. CI-CIII. Vigas, A. P. 1961. ndice de Fungo da America do Sul. Instituto Agronmico, Campinas, So Paulo, Brasil. pp. 921. Vigas, A. P. and C. G. Teixeira. 1945. Alguns fungos de Minas Gerais. Rodriguesia 56, +6 estampas. ano 9, no. 19: 49-

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Viennot-Bourgin, G. 1953. Urdinales d'Africa (3 note) Urdinales de Cite d'Ivoire. (2 note). Urediniana 4: 125- 228. Walker, J. 1978. The case for Uromyces trifolii. Mycotaxon 7: 425-435. Wilson, M. and D. M. Henderson. 1966. British Rust Fungi. Cambridge University Press. 384 pp. Willis, J. C. 1966. A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. 7th edition revised by H. K. Airy-Shaw. Cambridge, Great Britain. 1214 + I-LIII pp. Winter, G. 1884. Rabenhorstii Fungi europaei et extraeuropaei exsiccati cura Dr. G. Winter. Centuria XXXI et XXXII. Hedwigia 23: 164-175. Winter, G. 1885. Rabenhorstii Fungi europaei et extraeuropaei exsiccati cura Dr. G. Winter. Centuria XXXIII et XXXIV. Hedwigia 24: 252-264. Winter, G. 1886. Fungi novi Brasilienses. Grevillea 16: 86. Winter, G. 1887. Exotische Pilze. IV. Hedwigia 26: 6-18. Winter, G. 1887. Rabenhorstii Fungi europaei et extraeuropaei exsiccati cura Dr. G. Winter. Centuria XXXV et XXXVI. Hedwigia 26: 24-35. Ziller, Wolf G. 1974. The tree rusts of Western Canada. Canadian Forestry Service Publication No. 1329. Department of the Environment. Victoria, British Columbia. Host Families / Rust Genera Index for Rust fungi in Brazil ACANTHACEAE PUCCINIA, UROMYCES. Uredo. AMARANTHACEAE PUCCINIA, UROMYCES, Aecidium. AMARYLLIDACEAE (includes ALSTROEMERIACEAE) UROMYCES, PUCCINIA. Uredo. ANACARDIACEAE KIMUROMYCES, LEPTINIA, Uredo. ANNONACEAE Aecidium, BATISTOPSORA, CEROTELIUM, DASYSPORA, DIETELIA, PHAKOPSORA, Uredostilbe. APOCYNACEAE Aecidium, COLEOSPORIUM, CROSSOPSORA, Malupa, PELASTOMA, PUCCINIA, Synoma, Uredo. ARACEAE Uredo ARECACEAE (PALMAEA) CERRADOA ASCLEPIADACEAE CROSSOPSORA, Malupa, PUCCINIA, UROMYCES BASELLACEAE Aecidium BERBERIDACEAE Aecidium, CUMMINSIELLA, PUCCINIA BIGNONIACEAE Aecidium, Canasta, DIPYXIS, Macabuna, Malupa, Physopella, PHRAGMIDIELLA, POROTENUS, PROSPODIUM, Uredo, UROPYXIS BIXACEAE CROSSOPSORA, Malupa

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BORAGINACEAE Aecidium, Caeoma, PUCCINIA, UROMYCES BROMELIACEAE PUCCINIA, Uredo BURSERACEAE PUCCINIA CACTACEAE Aecidium, UROMYCES CALYCERACEAE PUCCINIA CAMPANULACEAE UROMYCES CANNACEAE PUCCINIA CARYOCARACEAE CEROTELIUM, Milesia CARYOPHYLLACEAE PUCCINIA, Uredo, UROMYCES CELASTRACEAE (incl. HIPPOCRATEACEAE) CENTRIFUGA, BOTRYORHIZA CHRYSOBALANACEAE Uredo, Intrapes, LEPTINIA CLUSIACEAE (GUTTIFERAE, HYPERICACEAE) CHACONIA, Milesia, PHAKOPSORA, UROMYCES COMBRETACEAE Milesia, PHAKOPSORA COMMELINACEAE PHAKOSPORA, PUCCINIA, Uredo, UROMYCES COMPOSITAE Aecidium, CHRYSOCYCLUS, CIONOTHRIX, COLEOSPORIUM, DIDYMOPSORA, DIETELIA, PUCCINIA, Uredo, UROMYCES CONVOLVULACEAE Aecidium, Caeoma, COLEOSPORIUM, PUCCINIA, Uredo, UROMYCES CORNACEAE PUCCINIA CUCURBITACEAE Aecidium, PUCCINIA, UROMYCES CYPERACEAE PUCCINIA, Uredo, UROMYCES DIOSCOREACEAE SPHENOSPORA, Uredo EBENACEAE Aecidium ERICACEAE ? PUCCINIASTRUM ERYTHROXYLACEAE MARAVALIA, Milesia, PHAKOPSORA EUPHORBIACEAE Aecidium, Aeciure, ARTHURIA, MARAVALIA, MELAMPSORA, Milesia, OLIVEA, PHAKOPSORA, GENTIANACEAE PUCCINIA GERANIACEAE PUCCINIA GESNERIACEAE PUCCINIA

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GRAMINEAE KWEILINGIA, PHAKOPSORA, Physopella, PUCCINIA, Uredo, UROMYCES HELICONIACEAE Physopella PUCCINIA Uredo IRIDACEAE UROMYCES PUCCINIA Uredo JUNCACEAE Uredo UROMYCES LABIATEAE Uredo Aecidium PUCCINIA LAURACEAE Aecidium LECYTHIDACEAE CEROTELIUM Physopella LEGUMINOSAE DIABOLE RAVENELIA SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM Uredo SORATEA PUCCINIA Peridipes MARAVALIA Milesia UROMYCES ANTHOMYCES ESALQUE HAPALOPHRAGMIUM DIORCHIDIUM PHAKOPSORA Aecidium DICHEIRINIA CROSSOPSORA CHACONIA YPSILOSPORA APRA DIABOLE DIORCHIDIELLA PHAKOPSORA ANTHOMYCES ILIACEAE PUCCINIA Aecidium SPHENOSPORA LINACEAE MELAMPSORA LOGANIACEAE PUCCINIA LORANTHACEAE Aecidium UROMYCES LYTHRACEAE PHAKOPSORA Milesia Uredo MALPIGHIACEAE PUCCINIA Uredo Aecidium CROSSOPSORA Malupa MALVACEAE PUCCINIA PHAKOPSORA CATENULOPSORA MARANTACEAE PUCCINIA Uredo CEROTELIUM Physopella MELIACEAE PHAKOPSORA Malupa Aecidium Uredo MENISPERMACEAE Aecidium MONIMIACEAE Aecidium MORACEAE CEROTELIUM Uredo Malupa PHAKOPSORA Physopella CHACONIA PHYSOPELLA MUSACEAE, vide Heliconiaceae MYRSINACEAE UROMYCES Uredo MYRTACEAE PUCCINIA PHAKOSPORA Uredo ONAGRACEAE PUCCINIA Aecidium CEROTELIUM ORCHIDACEAE Uredo CLADOMA SPHENOSPORA PUCCINIA PALMAE CERRADOA PASSIFLORACEAE PUCCINIA

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PHYTOLACCACEAE Aecidium PUCCINIA PINACEAE ULEIELLA PIPERACEAE Uredo CROSSOPSORA Malupa POLYGALACEAE Uredo POLYGONACEAE CEROTELIUM Physopella PUCCINIA UROMYCES POLYPODIACEAE (see PTERIDOPHYTA) PONTEDERIACEAE UROMYCES PTERIDOPHYTA Uredo DESMELLA Calidion PUCCINIA UREDINOPSIS RANUNCULACEAE COLEOSPORIUM ? Aecidium RHAMNACEAE PHAKOPSORA Malupa PUCCINIA Uredo ROSACEAE PUCCINIASTRUM FROMMELLA TRANZSCHELIA PHRAGMIDIUM KUEHNEOLA PUCCINIASTRUM Uredo RUBIACEAE PUCCINIA PHAKOPSORA Aecidium Uredo Aecidium HEMILEIA DIORCHIDIUM UROMYCES CEROTELIUM Uredendo Physopella RUTACEAE Aecidium PUCCINIA Aecidium SALICACEAE MELAMPSORA Uredo SAPINDACEAE PUCCINIA SKIERKA Aecidium SAPOTACEAE Uredo MARAVALIA ACHROTELIUM SCHIZAEACEAE (see PTERIDOPHYTES) SCROPHULARIACEAE PUCCINIA Uredo SOLANACEAE Aecidium PUCCINIA ENDOPHYLLUM CHRYSOCYCLUS UROMYCES CROSSOPSORA Uredo DIDYMOPSORA PUCCINIOSIRA STERCULIACEAE PUCCINIA TILIACEAE PUCCINIA Uredo DIDYMOPSORA PUCCINIOSIRA ULMACEAE UROMYCES Uredo UMBELLIFERAE PUCCINIA URTICACEAE PUCCINIA VALERIANACEAE PUCCINIA VERBENACEAE Aecidium PROSPODIUM PUCCINIA Uredo ENDOPHYLLUM OLIVEA VITACEAE

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ENDOPHYLLUM PHAKOPSORA VOCHYSIACEAE APLOPSORA Macabuna ZINGIBERACEAE PUCCINIA

Plant rust fungi of Brazil, HOST RUST INDEX

1. Host plant family names are size 10 point, all CAPS, not in italic, and bold. Example: ACANTHACEAE. 2. Host plant genera names are size 10 point, not all caps, in italic and bold. Example: Aphelandra. 3. Accepted rust fungus teleomorph species names are size 10 point, all CAPS, not bold, not in italic. Example: PUCCINIA VARIOIDES Joerstad. 4. Accepted rust fungus anamorph species names are size 10 point, not bold, in italic. Example: Uredostilbe crucis-filii Buritic. ACANTHACEAE Aphelandra PUCCINIA VARIOIDES Joerstad Dicliptera UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway Elytraria PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farlow Jacobinia Uredo cyrtantherae H. S. Jackson & Holway Justicia PUCCINIA JUSTICIAE Puttemans UROMYCES INDURATUS H. Sydow & P. Sydow & Holway Ruellia PUCCINIA BONAIRIENSIS P. Hennings PUCCINIA PARANAHYBAE P. Hennings ? PUCCINIA RUELLIAE Lagerheim Genus undetermined Aecidium cytarrioides P. Hennings Aecidium meiapontense P. Hennings PUCCINIA VARIA Arthur

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ALSTROEMERIACEAE (see AMARYLLIDACEAE) AMARANTHACEAE Achyranthes PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur UROMYCES CELOSIAE Dietel & Holway Alternanthera Aecidium alternantherae H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur Gomphrena UROMYCES BONARIENSIS Spegazzini Iresine PUCCINIA MACROPODA Spegazzini UROMYCES CELOSIAE Dietel & Holway UROMYCES CLARUS H. S. Jackson & Holway Mogiphanes PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur Pfaffia UROMYCES CELOSIAE Dietel & Holway Telanthera PUCCINIA MOGIPHANIS Arthur Genus undetermined Aecidium pratae H. S. Jackson & Holway UROMYCES CELOSIAE Dietel & Holway AMARYLLIDACEAE (includes ALSTROEMERIACEAE) Alstroemeria UROMYCES ALSTROEMERIAE P. Hennings Bomarea PUCCINIA BOMARIAE P. Hennings UROMYCES BOMARIAE P. Hennings Uredo bomareae Lagerheim Hypoxis UROMYCES AFFINIS Winter UROMYCES HYPOXYDIS Cooke ANACARDIACEAE Mauria Uredo rhombica Spegazzini (KIMUROMYCES CERRADENSIS Dianese et al.) Astronium LEPTINIA BRASILIENSIS Juel KIMUROMYCES CERRADENSIS Dianese et al. Uredo rhombica Spegazzini (KIMUROMYCES CERRADENSIS Dianese et al.) ANNONACEAE Annona Aecidium annonae P. Hennings BATISTOPSORA CRUCIS-FILII Dianese et al. PHAKOPSORA NEOCHERIMOLIAE Buritic & Hennen

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Uredostilbe crucis-filii Buritic [BATISTOPSORA CRUCIS-FILII Dianese et al.] Duguetia Aecidium duguetiae Hariot DIETELIA DUGUETIAE (Thurston) Buritic & Hennen Guatteria Aecidium amazonense P. Hennings Aecidium guatteriae Dietel Aecidium rionegrense P. Hennings Unonopsis Aecidium juruense P. Hennings Xylopia Aecidium xylopiae P. Hennings CEROTELIUM XYLOPIAE Buritic & Hennen DASYSPORA GREGARIA (G. Kunze) P. Hennings Genus undetermined Aecidium annonae P. Hennings

APOCYNACEAE Condylocarpon Malupa condylocarpi (H. S. Jackson & Holway)Buritic & Hennen ( Uredo condylocarpi H. S. Jackson & Holway) Echites CROSSOPSORA ANGUSTA Joerstad Malupa joerstadae Buritic & Hennen Forsteronia Uredo forsteroniae Hennings Mandevilla CROSSOPSORA STEVENSII H. Sydow (Colombia, Venezuela, etc.) Plumeria COLEOSPORIUM PLUMERIAE Patouillard Tabernaemontana Aecidium ochraceum Spegazzini Hemileia juruensis Sydow ( Pelastoma spinosa J.Hennen & M.B.Figueiredo sp. nov. ined.) Vinca PUCCINIA VINCAE Berkeley Genus undetermined Malupa condylocarpi (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen PELASTOMA BICRASSA J.Hennen & M.B.Figueiredo, sp. nov. ined. PELASTOMA COLOMBIANA (Buritic) J.F. Hennen & M.B. Figueiredo, comb. nov. .ined. Synoma maculosa J.F. Hennen & M.B. Figueiredo sp. nov. ined. Uredo apocynaceae P. Hennings ARACEAE Anthurium

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Uredo anthurii (Hariot) Saccardo ARECACEAE (PALMAEA) Attalea CERRADOA PALMAEA Hennen & Ono Genus undetermined CERRADOA PALMAEA Hennen & Ono ASCLEPIADACEAE Amphistelma PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis) Araujia PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveille Asclepias PUCCINIA CONCRESCENS Ellis & Everhart UROMYCES ASCELPIADIS Cooke Calostigma PUCCINIA ROULINIAE P. Hennings Cyathostelma CROSSOPSORA ASCLEPIDIACEAE Buritic & Hennen Malupa peckoltiae (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen Ditassa PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis) Gonolobus PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis) Hemipogon PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia hemipogonis P. Hennings) Jobinia PUCCINIA IMACULATA Juel Metastelma PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis) PUCCINIA ROULINIAE P. Hennings Oxypetalum CROSSOPSORA MATELEAE Dale PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveill PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis) UROMYCES ASCLEPIADIS Cooke Oxystelma PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis) Peckoltia CROSSOPSORA ASCLEPIDIACEAE Buritic & Hennen Malupa peckoltiae (Sydow) Buritic & Hennen Roulinia PUCCINIA ROULINIAE P. Hennings Schubertia CROSSOPSORA ASCLEPIDIACEAE Buritic & Hennen

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Tassadia PUCCINIA ROULINIAE P. Hennings (= Puccinia tassadiae Sydow) Widgrenia PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveill Genus undetermined CROSSOPSORA ASCLEPIDIACEAE Buritic & Hennen PUCCINIA ARAUJAE Lveill PUCCINIA CYNANCHI Berkeley & Curtis (= Puccinia obliqua Berkeley & Curtis) ASTERACEAE, see COMPOSITAE BASELLACEAE Boussingaultia Aecidium chrysanthum H. Sydow & P. Sydow BERBERIDACEAE Berberis Aecidium leveilleanum P. Magnus Aecidium tubiforme Dietel & Neger CUMMINSIELLA SANTA McCain & Hennen PUCCINIA MAYER-ALBERTI P. Magnus BIGNONIACEAE Adenocalymna Macabuna adenocalymmatis (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen PHRAGMIDIELLA MINUTA (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen PHRAGMIDIELLA PAULISTA Buritic & Hennen Amphilophium PROSPODIUM PITHECOCTENII (Pazschke) Cummins Anemopaegma PROSPODIUM ANEMOPAEGMATIS (P. Hennings ) Cummins PROSPODIUM EVERNIUM H. Sydow Arrabidaea DIPYXIS VIEGASII (Joerstad) Cummins & J. W. Baxter Macabuna adenocalymmatis (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen Macabuna arrabideae (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen Macabuna marnavea Buritic & Hennen PHAKOPSORA ARRABIDAEAE Buritic & Hennen PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic PHRAGMIDIELLA MINUTA (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen PHRAGMIDIELLA PAULISTA Buritic &

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Hennen Physopella cerotelioides (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen PROSPODIUM ARRABIDAEAE H. S. Jackson & Holway Bignonia (Macfadyena) PROSPODIUM BIGNONIACEARUM (Spegazzini) Cummins Uredo bignoniacearum Spegazzini UROPYXIS RETICULATA Cummins Clytostoma PROSPODIUM SINGERI Petrak Uredo hieronymianus (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow Cremastus PROPODIUM CREMASTUM H. S. Jackson & Holway Cuspidaria Prospodium festivum H. Sydow Dombeya Uredo dombeyae Lindquist Fredericia PHRAGMIDIELLA MINUTA (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen Jacaranda Aecidium circinatum Winter Aecidium jacarandae P. Hennings Aecidium puttemansianum P. Hennings Lundia PROSPODIUM CYANTHIFORME Cummins PROSPODIUM LUNDIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway Mansoa PROSPODIUM LAEVIGATUM Hennen & Soto Memora POROTENUS BIBASIPORULUS Hennen & Soto POROTENUS BIPORUS Hennen & Soto POROTENUS CONCAVUS Vigas POROTENUS MEMORAE Albuquerque Pithecoctenium PROSPODIUM AMPHILOPHI (Dietel & Holway) Arthur PROSPODIUM HOLWAY H. S. Jackson PROSPODIUM PITHECOCTENII (Pazschke) Cummins Pleonotoma PROSPODIUM ANOMALUM H. S. Jackson & Holway. Pyrostegia PROSPODIUM IMPOLITUM H. S. Jackson & Holway Stenolobium Aecidium circinatum Winter Stizophyllum

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PROSPODIUM STIZOPHYLLII H. S. Jackson & Holway Tabebuia Canasta tabebuiae (Kern) Soto & Hennen PROSPODIUM BICOLOR Ferreira & Hennen PROSPODIUM PALMATUM H. S. Jackson & Holway PROSPODIUM TABEBUIICOLA Hennen & Cummins. var. TABEBUIICOLA PROSPODIUM TABEBUIICOLA Hennen & Cummins, var.MELGACENSIS Soto & Hennen PROSPODIUM TECOMICOLA (Spegazzini) H. S. Jackson & Holway Uredo longiaculeata P. Hennings Tecoma PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATUM (Winter) Arthur PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins Uredo cuticulosa Ellis & Everhart Xylophragma CROSSOPSORA CRASSA Buritic & Hennen Malupa crassa Buritic & Hennen Genus undetermined Macabuna arrabideae (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen Macabuna daleae Buritic & Hennen PHRAGMIDIELLA BIGNONIACEARUM (Dale) Buritic & Hennen PHRAGMIDIELLA HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Buritic PROSPODIUM AMAPAENSIS Hennen & Soto PROSPODIUM ANOMALUM H. S. Jackson & Holway PROSPODIUM APPENDICULATOIDES (P. Hennings) Cummins PROSPODIUM COMPRESSUM (Dietel) Cummins PROSPODIUM ELEGANS (Schroeter) Cummins PROSPODIUM PIRACICABANUM Vigas UROPYXIS RICKIANA P. Magnus BIXACEAE Bixa CROSSOPSORA BIXAE Buritic Malupa bixae (Arthur) Buritic BLECHNACEAE (see PTERIDOPHYTA) BORAGINACEAE Cordia Aecidium brasiliense Dietel Aecidium cordiae P. Hennings

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Aecidium lindavianum P. Sydow & H. Sydow Caeoma cordiae (P. Hennings) J. Hernndez & J. Hennen, ? inedit. PUCCINIA CORDIAE Arthur UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino Tournefortia Aecidium tournefortiae P. Hennings UROMYCES DOLICHOSPORUS Dietel & Holway. BROMELIACEAE Pitcairnia PUCCINIA PITCAIRNIAE Lagerheim Nidularium Uredo nidularii P. Hennings BURSERACEAE Protium PUCCINIA BURSA Hennen, A. A. Carvalho, & M. B. Figueiredo sp. nov. inedit. Tetragastris PUCCINIA PENNAE Soto & Hennen sp. nov., inedit. CACTACEAE Pereskia Aecidium pereskiae P. Hennings UROMYCES PERESKIAE Dietel CALYCERACEAE Acicarpha PUCCINIA MELANOSORA Spegazzini CAMPANULACEAE Pratia UROMYCES PRATIAE Spegazzini CANNACEAE Canna PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel CARYOCARACEAE Caryocar CEROTELIUM GIACOMETTII J. C. Dianese et al. Milesia uberabensis (P. Hennings) Hennen et al. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria PUCCINIA MODICA Holway Uredo arenariicola P. Hennings Dianthus UROMYCES DIANTHI Niessl CELASTRACEAE (incl. HIPPOCRATEACEAE)

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Hippocratea BOTRYORHIZA HIPPOCRATEAE Whetzel & Olive CHRYSOBALANACEAE Licania Uredo licaniae P. Hennings Couepia Intrapes paliformis Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo CLUSIACEAE (GUTTIFERAE, HYPERICACEAE) Clusia CHACONIA BREVENSIS Soto & Hennen, ined. Hypericum UROMYCES HYPERICI-FRONDOSI (Schweinitz) Arthur UROMYCES TRIQUETRUS Cooke Kielmeyra PHAKOPSORA BUTLERI Dianese, Santos & Medeiros Milesia brasiliae Buritic & Hennen COMBRETACEAE Terminalia PHAKOPSORA CHAVESII Dianese, Santos & Medeiros COMMELINACEAE Commelina PUCCINIA COMMELINAE Holway UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke Floscopa Uredo floscopae P. Hennings UROMYCES FLOSCOPAE Sydow Tradescantia PHAKOSPORA TECTA H. S. Jackson & Holway ? PUCCINIA COMMELINAE Holway UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke Genus undetermined UROMYCES COMMELINAE Cooke COMPOSITAE Acanthospermum PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazires Achyrocline PUCCINIA ACHYROCLINES (P. Hennings) H. S. Jackson & Holway Uredo achyroclines P. Hennings Artemesia PUCCINIA TANACETI DeCandolle Aspilia PUCCINIA ASPILIAE Dietel PUCCINIA CONFORMATA H. Sydow UROMYCES ASPILIAE H. S. Jackson &

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Holway Aster (Stenachaeum) PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon Aecidium microsporum Dietel Baccharis Aecidium baccharidis Dietel Aecidium domingensis Kern & Cifferri Aecidium pachycephallum Dietel PUCCINIA ALBULA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA ALIA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA BACCHARIDIS Dietel & Holway PUCCINIA BACCHARIDIS-CASSINOIDES P. Hennings PUCCINIA CONSULTA H.S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA CONYZAE P. Hennings PUCCINIA EVADENS Harkness PUCCINIA EXORNATA Arthur PUCCINIA HENNINGSII Dietel PUCCINIA IMPROCERA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA INDAGATA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA ITATIAYENSIS Lindquist ?PUCCINIA MOLLERIANA P. Hennings PUCCINIA PRAEDICTA H.S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA RUDERARIA H.S. Jackson & Holway Uredo baccharidicola Spegazzini Bidens Uredo bidentis P. Hennings UROMYCES BIDENTICOLA Arthur UROMYCES BIDENTIS Lagerheim Blainvillea UROMYCES BLAINVILLEAE Berkeley Calea PUCCINIA CALEAE Arthur var. CALEAE PUCCINIA PROMATENSIS R. Berndt PUCCINIA ULEANA P. Hennings Uredo caleae Mayor Calendula COLEOSPORIUM TUSSILAGINIS (Persoon) Lveill Centratherum Uredo alagoinhensis Urban Chrysanthemum PUCCINIA TANACETI DeCandolle var. TANACETI PUCCINIA HORIANA P. Hennings Chuquiraga Aecidium chuquiraguae H. S. Jackson & Holway DIDYMOPSORA CHUQUIRAGUAE Dietel Cichorium PUCCINIA HIERACII (Roehling) Martius Cineraria

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COLEOSPORIUM TUSSILAGINIS (Persoon) Lveill Conyza CIONOTHRIX USNEOIDES (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow PUCCINIA CONYZAE P. Hennings PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur Echinocephalum UROMYCES INSIGNIS Sydow Elephantopus (Pseudelephantopus, Orthopappus) COLEOSPORIUM VERNONIAE Berkeley & Curtis Eleutheranthera PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres Emilia COLEOSPORIUM TUSSILAGINIS (Persoon) Lveill PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres Erigeron Aecidiolum eregerontis Spegazzini Aecidium erigeronatum Schweinitz Aecidium spegazzinii De Toni PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur Eupatorium Aecidium eupatorii Dietel CIONOTHRIX PRAELONGA (Winter) Arthur PUCCINIA EUPATORII Dietel PUCCINIA EUPATORII-COLUMBIANI Mayor PUCCINIA MELANTHERAE P. Hennings PUCCINIA NOACKII Sydow Uredo eupatoriicola P. Hennings Uredo tessariae Spegazzini Gnaphalium PUCCINIA GNAPHALIICOLA P. Hennings Helianathus PUCCINIA HELIANTHI Schweinitz Heterothalamus PUCCINIA HENNINGSII Dietel Jungia PUCCINIA JUNGIAE P. Hennings Melampodium PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres Melanthera PUCCINIA MELANTHERAE P. Hennings Mikania Aecidium mikaniae P. Hennings CHRYSOCYCLUS MIKANIAE (Arthur) H. Sydow DIETELIA PORTORICENSIS (Whetzel & Olive) Buritic & Hennen PUCCINIA GRANCHACOENSIS Joerstad

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PUCCINIA MIKANIAE H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA MIKANIFOLIA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA SPEGAZZINI De Toni UROMYCES MIKANIAE Vigas Orthopappus, see Elephantopus Parthenium PUCCINIA SCHILEANA Spegazzini var. PARTHENIICOLA (H. S. Jackson) Lindquist Picrosia PUCCINIA ARGENTINA Spegazzini (=Puccinia picrosiae Sydow) Piptocarpha Aecidium piptocarphae P. Hennings PUCCINIA MACUMBA J. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo sp. nov. inedit PUCCINIA MANOELAE J. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo sp. nov. inedit. PUCCINIA PIPTA J. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo sp. nov. inedit PUCCINIA PIPTOCARPHAE P. Hennings PUCCINIA SEORSA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA VALENTULA H. S. Jackson & Holway Pluchea PUCCINIA OCELLIFERA Cummins Polymnia UROMYCES POLYMNIAE Dietel & Holway Porophyllum PUCCINIA POROPHYLII P. Hennings Pseudelephantopus, see Elephantopus Pterocaulon PUCCINIA PTEROCAULI P. Hennings Senecio Aecidium kiehlianum Vigas Aecidium senecionis-acanthifolii Dietel COLEOSPORIUM TUSSILAGINIS (Persoon) Lveill PUCCINIA PROCERULA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA PROLUVIOSA H.S. Jackson & Holway Solidago COLEOSPORIUM ? ASTERIS Sparganophorus Uredo spargonophori P. Hennings Spilanthes PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazires Stenachaenium PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI Persoon ex Desmazieres Stevia Aecidium minimum H.S. Jackson & Holway Aecidium steviae P. Hennings

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Tagetes PUCCINIA TAGETICOLA Dietel & Holway Taraxacum PUCCINIA HIERACII (Roehling) Martius Tessaria ? UROMYCES MEGALOSPERMUS Spegazzini Trichocline UROMYCES TRICHOCLINES P. Hennings Vanillosmopsis PUCCINIA VELATA Dietel Uredo illaudanda H. S. Jackson & Holway Verbesina PUCCINIA IRREGULARIS Dietel PUCCINIA VERBESINAE P. Hennings PUCCINIA VERBESINAE-DENTATAE (Sydow) H. S. Jackson & Holway Uredo helianthi Schweinitz Vernonia Aecidium santanense Lindquist Aecidium vernoniae P. Hennings PUCCINIA AGNITIONALIS H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA ALLAUDABALIS H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA BACCHARIDICOLA P. Hennings PUCCINIA BECKI Mayor PUCCINIA CALLOSA Joerstad PUCCINIA DEPRECANEA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA FAUSTA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA FUNDATA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA IMPETRABILIS H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA IMPROVISA H.S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA INAEQUATA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA LORENTZII P. Hennings PUCCINIA MEMBRANACEA P. Dietel PUCCINIA NEOROTUNDATA Cummins PUCCINIA PERTRITA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA PESTIBILIS H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA PINGUIS Dietel PUCCINIA SEMIINSCULPTA Arthur PUCCINIA VENIABILIS H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA VERNONIPHILA Spegazzini UROMYCES PURUS (H. Sydow) Cummins Wedelia UROMYCES BLAINVILLEAE Berkeley PUCCINIA OBREPTA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA WEDELIICOLA H. S. Jackson &

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Holway Wulffia Aecidium wulffiae P. Hennings UROMYCES WULFFIAE P. Hennings UROMYCES WULFFIAE-STENOGLOSSAE Dietel Youngia PUCCINIA CREPIDIS Schroeter Genus undetermined PUCCINIA CIRCINANS Dietel PUCCINIA INCONSPICUA Dietel PUCCINIA VELATA Dietel CONVOLVULACEAE Breweria, see Jaquemontia Convolvulus PUCCINIA CONVOLVULI Castagne Aecidium calystegiae Desm. Uredo bete var. convolvuli Persoon Dichondra PUCCINIA DICHONDRAE Montagne Evolvulus PUCCINIA LITHOSPERMI Ellis & Kellerman PUCCINIA TUYUTENSIS Spegazzini Ipomoea Aecidium convolvulinum Spegazzini Aecidium distinguendum P. Sydow & H. Sydow Caeoma ipomoea Link COLEOSPORIUM IPOMOEAE Burrill PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis PUCCINIA OPULENTA Spegazzini PUCCINIA PUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway UROMYCES VICINUS H. S. Jackson & Holway Jaquemontia PUCCNIA SIMASII Rangel UROMYCES BRASILIENSIS Trotter Operculina Uredo laeticolor Arthur Quamoclit PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berkeley & Curtis CORNACEAE Griselinia PUCCINIA GRISELINIAE Pazschke CUCURBITACEAE Anguria UROMYCES ANGURIA H. S. Jackson & Holway Cayaponia UROMYCES CAYAPONIAE P. Hennings UROMYCES NOVISSIMUS Spegazzini UROMYCES PENTASTRIATUS Vigas UROMYCES RATUS H. S. Jackson & Holway Cucumis PUCCINIA CUCUMERIS P. Hennings

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Momordica Aecidium momordicae Juel Trianosperma UROMYCES PENTASTRIATUS Vigas Wilbrandia UROMYCES ANGURIA H. S. Jackson & Holway CYPERACEAE Carex PUCCINIA DIOICAE P. Magnus PUCCINIA JOERSTADIANA Lindquist PUCCINIA MINUTA Dietel Cyperus ? PUCCINIA ANGUSTATOIDES R.E. Stone PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur PUCCINIA CYPER-TAGETIFORMIS (P. Hennings) Kern PUCCINIA FLAVO-VIRENS H. S. Jackson PUCCINIA MARISCI Mayor PUCCINIA OBVOLUTA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA SUBCORONATA P. Hennings ? Uredo cypericola P. Hennings Uredo nociviola H. S. Jackson & Holway Uredo torulini P. Hennings Eleocharis PUCCINIA LIBERTA Kern Fimbristylis PUCCINIA FIMBRISTYLIDIS Arthur Fuirena PUCCINIA FUIRENICOLA Kern et al. Uredo fuirenae P. Hennings Kyllinga Uredo kyllingiae P.Hennings Mariscus PUCCINIA MARISCI Mayor Rhyncospora PUCCINIA ANGUSTATOIDES Stone PUCCINIA CYPERI Arthur UROMYCES OBLELCTANEUS H. S. Jackson & Holway UROMYCES RHYNCOSPORAE Ellis Scleria PUCCINIA SCLERIAE (Pazschke) Arthur UROMYCES SCLERIAE P. Hennings Torulinum (see Cyperus) DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea SPHENOSPORA PALLIDA (Winter) Dietel Uredo dioscoreicola Kern et al. EBENACEAE Diospyros Aecidium calosporum Juel

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Aecidium mulleri Thurston Aecidium ulei P. Hennings ERICACEAE ? Gaylussacia ? PUCCINIASTRUM GEOPPERTIANUM (Kuehn) Klebahn ERYTHROXYLACEAE Erythroxylon Milesia erythroxyli (Graziani) Buritic & Hennen PHAKOPSORA COCA Buritic & Hennen MARAVALIA ERYTHROXYLI (Vigas) Ono & Hennen EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha Uredo paulistana Spegazzini Actinostemon UROMYCES ACTINOSTEMONIS H. S. Jackson Alchornea OLIVEA CAPITULIFORMIS Arthur Uredo alchorneae P. Hennings Uredo capituliformis P. Hennings (OLIVEA CAPITULIFORMIS Arthur) Anisophyllum, see Euphorbia UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck Chamaesyce, see Euphorbia UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck Cnidoscolus Aecidium cnidoscoli P. Hennings (UROMYCES CNIDOSCOLI P. Hennings) UROMYCES CNIDOSCOLI P. Hennings Croton Aeciure crotonis (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen (ARTHURIA CATENULATA H. S. Jackson & Holway) Aeciure demicycla Buritic & Hennen (ARTHURIA DEMICYCLA. Buritic & Hennen ) ARTHURIA CATENULATA H. S. Jackson & Holway ARTHURIA DEMICYCLA. Buritic & Hennen PHAKOPSORA ARGENTINENSIS (Spegazzini) Arthur PHAKOPSORA PAVIDA Buritic & Hennen Milesia pavida (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen (PHAKOPSORA PAVIDA Buritic & Hennen) Uredo valentula H. S. Jackson & Holway Dalechampia Aecidium cornu-cervi P. Hennings Aecidium dalechampiae P. Hennings Aecidium dalechampiicola P. Hennings Euphorbia Aecidium euphorbiae Gmelin MELAMPSORA EUPHORBIAE (Schubert) Castagne

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Uredo proeminens DeCandolle (UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck) UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck UROMYCES EUPHORBIICOLA Berkeley & Curtis Uromyces proeminens (DeCandolle) Passerini in Rabenhorst, see UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cooke & Peck UROMYCES ULEANUS Dietel Jatropha PHAKOPSORA ARTHURIANA Buritic & Hennen Malupa jatrophicola (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen UROMYCES CNIDOSCOLI P. Hennings UROMYCES JATROPHICOLA P. Hennings Joanesia PUCCINIA JOANESIAE P. Hennings Uredo maciensis P. Hennings Mabea Aecidium mabeae Thurston Manihot UROMYCES CARTHAGENENSIS Spegazzini UROMYCES JATROPHE Dietel & Holway UROMYCES MANIHOTICOLA P. Hennings UROMYCES MANIHOTIS P. Hennings UROMYCES MANIHOTIS-CATINGAE P. Hennings UROMYCES TOLELRANDUS H. S. Jackson & Holway Maprounea Aecidium maprouneae P. Hennings var. maprouneae Aecidium maprouneae P. Hennings var. noncrassatum Hennen & Soto CHACONIA MAPROUNEAE (Vigas) Ono & Hennen Uredo maprouneae P. Hennings Pera MARAVALIA PERAE Hennen & Figueiredo, sp. nova, ined Phyllanthus PHAKOPSORA TIJUCAE Buritic & Hennen PHAKOPSORA ULEI (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) Buritic & Hennen Milesia phyllanthi (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen Milesia tijucae (H. S. Jackson & Holway) Buritic & Hennen Plukenetia Aecidium cornu-cerve P. Hennings. Sapium UROMYCES CISNEROANUS Spegazzini Sebastiana MARAVALIA SEBASTIANAE Lindquist Uredo sebastianae Winter GENTIANACEAE

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Lisiathus PUCCINIA LISIANTHI H. S. Jackson & Holway GERANIACEAE Pelargonium PUCCINIA PELARGONII-ZONALIS Doidge GESNERIACEAE Genus undetermined, ? Codonanthe PUCCINIA GESNERACEARUM Dietel GRAMINEAE Andropogon PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter PUCCINIA VERSICOLOR Dietel & Holway Anthephora PUCCINIA ANTHEPHORAE Arthur & Johnston PUCCINIA CENCHRI Dietel & Holway Uredo anthephorae H. Sydow & P. Sydow Avena PUCCINIA CORONATA Corda PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon PUCCINIA RECONDITA Roberge ex Desmazires Bambusa KWEILINGIA DIVINA (H. Sydow) Buritic Physopella inflexa (Ito) Buritic & Hennen Bothriochloa PUCCINIA INFUSCANS Arthur & Holway Brachiaria PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus Briza PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon PUCCINIA RECONDITA Roberge ex Desmazires Bromus PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII-PHOENICOIDIS Guyot & Malencon var. CHISOSANA (Cummins) Cummins PUCCINIA RECONDITA Roberge ex Desmazires Calamagrostis PUCCINIA AZTECA Cummins & Hennen PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth var. ARRHENATHERI (Klebahn) Cummins & H. C. Green PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon PUCCINIA POARUM Nielson Uredo paulensis P. Hennings Cenchrus PUCCINIA CENCHRI Dietel & Holway var. CENCHRI Uredo cenchrophila Spegazzini Chloris PUCCINIA CACABATA Arthur

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PUCCINIA CHLORIDIS Spegazzini Uredo gayanae Lindquist Cynodon PUCCINIA CYNODONTIS Lacroix Digitaria PUCCINIA ESCLAVENSIS Dietel & Holway PUCCINIA OAHUENSIS Ellis & Everhart PUCCINIA PSEUDOATRA Cummins PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew vars. UROMYCES PEGLERIAE P. Evans Echinochloa PUCCINIA ABNORMIS P. Hennings Eragrostis UROMYCES ERAGROSTIDIS Tracy Erianthus PUCCINIA ERIANTHICOLA Cummins PUCCINIA MICROSPORA Dietel Eriochloa UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino Festuca ? PUCCINIA SESSILIS Schneider Gouinea PUCCINIA GUARANITICA Spegazzini Gymnopogon PUCCINIA BOUTELOUAE (Jennings) Holway PUCCINIA GYMNOPOGONICOLA Hennen Hackelochloa, see Mnesithea Heteropogon PUCCINIA VERSICOLOR Dietel & Holway Hordeum PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon PUCCINIA RECONDITA Roberge ex Desmazires Ichnanthus PUCCINIA ICHNANTHI Mains PUCCINIA INCLITA Arthur Imperata PUCCINIA MICROSPORA Dietel PUCCINIA POSADENSIS Saccardo & Trotter Lasiacis UROMYCES COSTARICENSIS Sydow Lolium PUCCINIA CORONATA Corda PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon Manisuris, see Mnesithea Mnesithea PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bezzozero) Magnus var. LEVIS Melica PUCCINIA SCHEDONNARDI Kellerman & Swingle Melinis Uredo melinidis Kern UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino Microchloa

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UROMYCES DACTYLOCTENII Wakefield & Hansford Nassella PUCCINIA NASSELLAE Arthur & Holway Olyra PHAKOPSORA PHAKOPSOROIDES (Arthur & Mains) Buritic & Hennen Physopella phakopsoroides Cummins & Ramachar PUCCINIA DEFORMATA Berkeley & Curtis PUCCINIA FACETA Sydow PUCCINIA OBLIQUO-SEPTATA ViennotBourgin Uredo bambusarum P. Hennings Panicum PHAKOPSORA CAMELIAE (Arthur) Buritic Physopella cameliae (Mayor) Cummins & Ramachar PUCCINIA ABNORMIS P. Hennings PUCCINIA DOLOSA Arthur & Fromme vars. PUCCINIA HUBERI P. Hennings PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus vars. PUCCINIA MILLEGRANAE Cummins PUCCINIA NEGRENSIS P. Hennings PUCCINIA PUTEMANSII P. Hennings UROMYCES NITEROYENSIS Rangel UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino Pariana PUCCINIA BAMBUSARUM Arthur Uredo olyrae P. Hennings Paspalum PHAKOPSORA COMPRESSA (Arthur & Holway) Buritic & Hennen Physopella paspalicola (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen PUCCINIA CHAETOCHLOAE Arthur PUCCINIA DOLOSA Arthur & Fromme PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) P. Magnus vars. PUCCINIA PUTTEMANSII P. Hennings PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew vars. Uredo chaetochloae Arthur Pennisetum PHAKOPSORA APODA (Hariot & Patouillard) Mains Physopella apoda Buritic & Hennen PUCCINIA GYMNOTHRICHIS P. Hennings UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino Phalaris PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth var. ARRHENATHERI (Klebahn) Cummins & H. C. Green

Phleum

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PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII var. ARRHENATHERI (Klebahn) Cummins & H. C. Green Phragmites PUCINIA PHRAGMITIS (Schumann) Koernicke Piptochaetium PUCCINIA PIPTOCHAETII Dietel & Neger Poa PUCCINIA BRACHYPODII Otth var. POAENEMORALIS (Otth) Cummins & H.C. Greene PUCCINIA POARUM Nielsen Uredo poae-sudeticae Westendorp Polypogon PUCCINIA POLYPOGONIS Spegazzini Rhynchelytrum PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus var. TRICHOLAENAE Secale PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon PUCCINIA RECONDITA Roberge ex Desmazires Setaria PHAKOPSORA CAMELIAE (Arthur) Buritic Physopella cameliae (Mayor) Cummins & Ramachar PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew vars. UROMYCES NITEROYENSIS Rangel UROMYCES SETARIAE-ITALICAE Yoshino Sorghastrum PUCCINIA VIRGATA Ellis & Everhart Sorghum PUCCINIA PURPUREA Cooke Spartina PUCCINIA SPARGANIOIDES Ellis & Bartholomew Stipa, see Nassella Tricholaena, see Rhynchelytrum PUCCINIA LEVIS (Saccardo & Bizzozero) Magnus vars. TRICHOLAENAE Tripsacum PUCCINIA POLYSORA Underwood Triticum PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Persoon PUCCINIA RECONDITA Roberge ex Desmazires PUCCINIA STRIIFIORMIS Westendorp Vulpia PUCCINIA HORDEI Otth Zea PHAKOPSORA ZEAE (Mains ) Buritic PUCCINIA POLYSORA Underwood PUCCINIA SORGHI Schweinitz Uredendo zeae (Cummins & Ramachar) Buritic Zoyisia

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PUCCINIA ZOYSIAE Dietel GUTTIFERAE (see CLUSIACEAE) HELICONIACEAE Heliconia Physopella rectangulata (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen PUCCINIA HELICONIAE (Dietel) Arthur Uredo heliconiae Dietel Uredo rectangulata Albuquerque Musa Uredo heliconiae Dietel HIPPOCRATEACEAE see CELASTRACEAE HYPERICACEAE (see CLUSIACEAE) IRIDACEAE Gladiolus UROMYCES TRANSVERSALIS Sisyrinchium PUCCINIA SISYRINCHII Montero PUCCINIA STAMINEA Dietel Genus undetermined Uredo tenebrosa H. S. Jackson & Holway JUNCACEAE Juncus Uredo macella H. S. Jackson & Holway UROMYCES JUNCI (Desmazires) Tulasne UROMYCES OCCULTUS Lindquist LABIATEAE Coleus Uredo palliduscula Spegazzini Cunila Aecidium glechonis Spegazzini PUCCINIA CUNILAE Dietel Uredo glechonis P. Hennings Glechon Aecidium glechonis Spegazzini Hyptis PUCCINIA CAVATICA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA GIBERTII Spegazzini ? PUCCINIA NEOHYPTIDIS Laundon PUCCINIA HYPTIDIS-MUTABILIS Mayor PUCCINIA INSITITIA Arthur PUCCINIA MEDELLINENSIS Mayor Uredo hammari P. Hennings Uredo hyptidis P. Hennings Leonotis PUCCINIA LEONOTIDICOLA P. Hennings Leucas

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PUCCINIA LEUCADIS P. & H. Sydow Mentha PUCCINIA MENTHAE Persoon Salvia PUCCINIA CONSPERSA Dietel var. CONSPERSA PUCCINIA FARINACEA Long Uredo salviae Dietel Stachys PUCCINIA PALLIDISSIMA Spegazzini LAURACEAE Nectandra Aecidium mulleri Thurston, see under Diospyros, Ebenaceae Aecidium nectandrae H. S. Jackson & Holway LECYTHIDACEAE Eschweilera CEROTELIUM NUXAE Buritic & Hennen Physopella jaranae (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen LEGUMINOSAE Acacia DIABOLE CUBENSIS (Arthur & Johnston) Arthur (Host is probably Mimosa sp., not Acacia) RAVENELIA HIERONYMI Spegazzini RAVENELIA IDONEA H. S. Jackson & Holway RAVENELIA IRREGULARIS H. S. Jackson & Holway RAVENELIA LEUCAENAEMICROPHYLLAE Dietel RAVENELIA RATA H. S. Jackson & Holway SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM SILVEIRAE Spegazzini Uredo alemquerensis Spegazzini Albizzia SPHAEOPHRAGMIUM ACACIAE (Cooke) Magnus Andira RAVENELIA GOYAZENSIS P. Hennings Apuleia SORATEA sp. nov. Hennen Arachis PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini var. ARACHIDIS Peridipes arachidis (Lagerheim) Buritic & Hennen Bauhinia MARAVALIA BAUHINIICOLA (Cummins) Y. Ono Milesia bauhiniicola Ono, Buritic & Hennen PHAKOPSORA BAUHINIICOLA Ono,

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Buritic & Hennen Uredo amazonensis P. Hennings Uredo ulei P. Hennings UROMYCES ANTHEMOPHILUS Vestergren UROMYCES BAUHINIAE P. Hennings UROMYCES DIETELIANUS Pazschke vars. UROMYCES FLORALIS Vestergren UROMYCES FOVEOLATUS Juel UROMYCES GOYAZENSIS P. Hennings UROMYCES HEMMENDORFII Vestergren UROMYCES PERAFFINIS Dietel UROMYCES PERLEBIAE Vestergren UROMYCES REGIUS Vestergren UROMYCES VICOSENSIS Almeida UROMYCES VIEGASII Almeida Bradburya, see Centrosema Caesalpinia ANTHOMYCES BRASILIENSIS Dietel ESALQUE HOLWAYI (H. S. Jackson) Hennen, Figueiredo, & Carvalho HAPALOPHRAGMIUM HOLWAYI (Jackson) Sydow RAVENELIA COHNIANA P. Hennings RAVENELIA PILEOLARIOIDES Sydow Cajanus Uredo cajani Sydow Calliandra RAVENELIA AFFINIS Sydow RAVENELIA ARMATA Sydow RAVENELIA DIETELIANA P. Hennings RAVENELIA PAZSCHKEANA Dietel SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM DEBILE Sydow Uredo longipedis P. Hennings Cassia (includes Chamacrista,and Senna) RAVENELIA DENTIFERA Hennen & Cummins RAVENELIA FACETA H. S. Jackson & Holway RAVENELIA FIMBRIATA RAVENELIA MACROCARPA Sydow REVENELIA MICROCYSTIS Pazschke RAVENELIA MICROSPORA Dietel RAVENELIA ULEANA P. Hennings Uredo cassiae-rugosae Thurston Uredo cassiicola P. Hennings Uredo cyclogena Spegazzini, (RAVENELIA MACROCARPA H. Sydow & P. Sydow). Centrosema Uredo centrosema Vigas UROMYCES BRADBURYAE H. S. Jackson & Holway Clitoria Uredo goeldii R. T. Almeida UROMYCES NEUROCARPI Dietel Copaifera

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DIORCHIDIUM COPAIFERAE (P. Sydow & H. Sydow) Cummins & Y. Hiratsuka Crotalaria PHAKOPSORA CROTALARIAE (Dietel) Arthur PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE Arthur Uredo crotalariae Dietel Uredo harmsiana P. Hennings UROMYCES CROTALARIAE (Arthur) J. W. Baxter Dalbergia SORATAEA VENTURAE (Dianese L. T. P. Santos, R. B. Medeiros, & M. Sanchez) Hennen & Figueiredo SORATEA sp. nov. SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM DALBERGIAE Dietel Uredo dalbergiae P. Hennings Derris RAVENELIA BAKERIANA Dietel RAVENELIA LONCHOCARPI Lagerheim & Dietel SORATEA sp. nov. Albuquerque Desmodium Aecidium desmodii P. Hennings PHAKOPSORA Meibomiae Arthur Uredo microthelis Spegazzini UROMYCES CASTANEUS Sydow UROMYCES DESMODIICOLA Joerstad UROMYCES HEDYSARI-PANICULATI (Schweinitz) Farlow UROMYCES ORBICULARIS Dietel UROMYCES UNIONENSIS Vigas Dipterix Uredo sp. nov. Dolichos PHAKOPSORA Meibomiae Arthur Eriosema Uredo eriosemae H.S. Jackson & Holway Erythrina DICHEIRINIA BINATA (Berkeley & Curtis) Arthur RAVENELIA PLATENSIS Spegazzini Glycine PHAKOPSORA Meibomiae Arthur Hymenaea CROSSOPSORA HYMENAEAE Dianese, Buritic, & Hennen Peridipes hymenaeae (Mayor) Buritic & Hennen Indigofera RAVENELIA INDIGOFERAE Tranzschel Inga CHACONIA INGAE (H.Sydow) Cummins DICHEIRINIA SUPERBA H. S. Jackson & Holway Uredo excipulata H. Sydow & P. Sydow

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Uredo ingae P. Hennings YPSILOSPORA TUCMENSIS Hernndez & Hennen Lathyrus UROMYCES LATHYRINUS Spegazzini Lens UROMYCES VICIAE-FABAE (Persoon) Schroeter Leucaena RAVENELIA LEUCAENAEMICROPHYLLAE Dietel RAVENELIA PAZSCHKEANA Dietel Lonchocarpus DICHEIRINIA MANAOSENSIS (P. Hennings) Cummins RAVENELIA ATROCRUSTACEA P. Hennings RAVENELIA BAKERIANA Dietel RAVENELIA LONCHOCARPI Lagerheim & Dietel RAVENELIA PILEOLARIOIDES Sydow Lupinus UROMYCES ANTHYLLIDIS Schroeter UROMYCES LUPINI Berkeley & Curtis Uredo anthyllidis Greville ex Berkeley Machaerium Uredo machaerii Dietel Macroptillium PHAKOPSORA Meibomiae Arthur UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger Medicago UROMYCES STRIATUS Schroeter Mimosa APRA BISPORA Hennen & F. O. Freire DIABOLE CUBENSIS (Arthur & J. R. Johnston) Arthur DIORCHIDIELLA AUSTRALIS (Spegazzini) Lindquist DIORCHIDIELLA VERLANDII F. A. Ferreira & A. O. Carvalho RAVENELIA BAHIENSIS P. Hennings RAVENELIA IDONEA H. S. Jackson & Holway Uredo mimosa-invisae Vigas Ormosia DICHEIRINIA ANTUNII Hennen & Cummins DICHEIRINIA ORMOSIAE (Arthur) Cummins DICHEIRINIA SOLENOIDES (P. Hennings) Cummins, see D. uleana DICHEIRINIA ULEANA Hennen & Cummins UROMYCES BELEMENSIS Albuquerque & M. M. Figueriedo Peltogyne Uredo hymenaeae Mayor Phaseolus

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PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI Sydow UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger var. APPENDICULATUS UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger var. BRASILIENSIS R. Tavares Piptadenia ANTHOMYCES BRASILIENSIS Dietel DIORCHIDIUM PUIGGARII Spegazzini RAVENELIA HENNINGSIANA Dietel RAVENELIA SIMPLEX Dietel Uredo villis (Sydow) J. W. Baxter Pisum UROMYCES PISI (DeCandolle) Otth Pithecellobium (Pithecolobium) CHACONIA ALUTACEA Juel DIORCHIDIUM ACANTHOSTEPHUM H. Sydow & P. Sydow RAVENELIA MINUTA Sydow RAVENELIA PILEOLARIOIDES Sydow RAVENELIA PITHECOLOBII Arthur Uredo amazonica (Sydow) J. W. Baxter Uredo bomfinensis P. Hennings Uredo pithicolobii P. Hennings Platymiscium Uredo sp. nov. Poiretia PUCCINIA BERGII Spegazzini Rhynchosia UROMYCES DOLICHI Arthur Senna (see Cassia) Stryphnodendron CHACONIA BRASILIENSIS Ono & Hennen Stylosanthes PUCCINIA STYLOSANTHIS (P. Hennings) Vigas Swartzia MARAVALIA AMAZONENSIS (Albuquerque) Ono MARAVALIA SWARTZIAE Ono Tephrosia Uredo tephrosiicola P. Hennings, from Peru Trifolium UROMYCES NERVIPHILUS (Grognot) [??] Hotson UROMYCES TRIFOLII (Hedwig) Lveill Vicia UROMYCES LATHRINUS Spegazzini UROMYCES VICIAE-FABAE (Persoon) Schroeter Vigna PHAKOPSORA MEIBOMIAE Arthur UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Persoon) Unger Zornia PUCCINIA ARACHIDIS Spegazzini var. OFFUSCATA (Arthur) Cummins Uredo zorniae Dietel

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Genus undetermined ANTHOMYCES BRAZILIENSIS Dietel RAVENELIA PAZSCHKEANA Dietel RAVENELIA SYDOWIANA Rick RAVENELIA THEISSENIANA Sydow LILIACEAE Allium PUCCINIA ALLII Rudolphi Smilax Aecidium smilacinum Lindquist (not Aecidium smilacinum Tranzschel) PUCCINIA SMILACIS Schweinitz SPHENOSPORA SMILACINA Sydow LINACEAE Linum MELAMPSORA LINI (Ehrenberg) Lveill LOGANIACEAE Spigelia PUCCINIA SPIGELIAE Sydow LORANTHACEAE Loranthus Aecidium circumscribens Neger Aecidium goyazense P. Hennings Aecidium loranthi Thuemen UROMYCES CIRCUMSCRIPTUS Neger UROMYCES LORANTHI H. S. Jackson & Holway Phoradendron Aecidium loranthi Thuemen Phthirusa Aecidium goyazense P. Hennings Struthanthus Aecidium struthanthi H. S. Jackson & Holway UROMYCES CIRCUMSCRIPTUS Neger UROMYCES URBANIANUS P. Hennings LYTHRACEAE Cuphea PHAKOPSORA CUPHEAE Buritic Milesia cupheae (P. Hennings) Buritic Lafoensia Uredo lafoensiae H. S. Jackson & Holway MALPIGHIACEAE Banisteria PUCCINIA BANISTERIAE P. Hennings PUCCINIA INRECTA H. S. JACKSON & Holway (host is probably Peixotoa) PUCCINIA SANGUINOLENTA P. Hennings Uredo banisteriicola P. Hennings Banisteriopsis

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PUCCINIA BANISTERIAE P. Hennings Byrsonima Aecidium byrsonimatis P. Hennings Aecidium vinnulunm H. S. Jackson & Holway CROSSOPSORA BYRSONIMATIS (P. Hennings) R. S. Peterson CROSSOPSORA NOTATA (Arthur & J.R. Johnston) Arthur Malupa notata (Arthur) Buritic Dicella PUCCINIA BARRETOI Hennen Heteropterys ? PUCCINIA BANISTERIAE P. Hennings PUCCINIA BARBATULA Arthur & J. R. Johnston PUCCINIA HETEROPTERIDIS Thuemen PUCCINIA PICTURATA H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA SANGUINOLENTA P. Hennings Uredo uleana Dietel Peixotoa PUCCINIA INRECTA H. S. Jackson & Holway Stigmaphyllon PUCCINIA INFLATA Arthur PUCCINIA INSUETA Winter Genus undetermined PUCCINIA USTERII Dietel MALVACEAE Abutilon PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis PUCCINIA SHERARDIANA Koernicke Althea PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bertero ex Montane Anoda PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bertero ex Montane Gaya PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis Gossypium PHAKOPSORA GOSSYPII (Lagerheim) Hiratsuka Hibiscus CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bertero ex Montane Malva PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bertero ex Montane PUCCINIA SHERARDIANA Koernicke Malvastrum CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bertero ex Montane

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PUCCINIA SHERARDIANA Koernicke Malvaviscus CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic Pavonia CATENULOPSORA PRAELONGA (Spegazzini) Buritic PUCCINIA EXILIS Sydow Pseudabutilon PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis Sida PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bertero ex Montane PUCCINIA SHERARDIANA Koernicke Wissadula PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis MARANTACEAE Ctenanthe PUCCINIA THALIAE Ischnosiphon PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel Uredo ischnosyphonis P. Hennings Maranta PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel Thalia PUCCINIA THALIAE Dietel Genus undetermined CEROTELIUM RECTANGULATA Buritic & Hennen Physopella rectanulata (Albuquerque) Buritic & Hennen MELIACEAE Cedrella PHAKOPSORA CHEOANA Cummins Malupa cheoana Buritic & Hennen Guarea Aecidium guareae P. Hennings Aecidium miryense P. Hennings Trichilia Uredo trichiliae Arthur MENISPERMACEAE Genus undetermined Aecidium usterianum Spegazzini MONIMIACEAE Mollinedia Aecidium invallatum P. Hennings Genus undetermined Aecidium pusillum Dietel MORACEAE Chlorophora

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CEROTELIUM FICI (Castagne) Arthur Dorstenia Uredo consanguinea Sydow Ficus CEROTELIUM FICICOLA Buritic & Hennen Cerotelium fici (Castagne) Arthur Malupa fici (Castagne) Buritic PHAKOPSORA NISHIDANA Ito Physopella ficicola (Spegazzini) Buritic & Hennen Uredo ficina Juel Maclura CHACONIA APICRASSA Hennen et al. PHYSOPELLA MACLURAE Arthur Uredo celtidis Pazschke Uredo ficina Juel MUSACEAE, vide Heliconiaceae MYRSINACEAE Ardisia UROMYCES MYRSINES Dietel Icacorea UROMYCES MYRSINES Dietel Myrsine Uredo myrsines Dietel UROMYCES MYRSINES Dietel Rapanea UROMYCES MYRSINES Dietel MYRTACEAE Abbevillea PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Callistemon PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Campomanesia PHAKOSPORA JUELLII Sydow (nom. nud.??) PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter (see PHAKOPSORA MYRTA) Eucalyptus PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Eugenia PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Jambosa PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Marlierea PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Melaleuca PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Myrcia PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Myrciaria PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Phyllocalyx PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Pimenta

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PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Pseudomyrcianthes PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Psidium PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Syzygium PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Genus undetermined PUCCINIA PSIDII Winter Uredo seclusa H. S. Jackson & Holway ONAGRACEAE Fuchsia ? PUCCINIA FUCHSIAE Sydow & Holway Jussiaea Aecidium jussiaeae Segazzini PUCCINIA JUSSIAEAE Spegazzini PUCCINIA PULVERULENTA Greville Ludwigia Aecidium jussiaeae Segazzini CEROTELIUM MARIAE Buritic & Hennen PUCCINIA JUSIEUAE Spegazzini ORCHIDACEAE Catasetum Uredo carnosa Spegazzini Cattleya CLADOMA BEHNICKIANA (P. Hennings) J.Hennen comb. nov Cyrtopodium Uredo nigropunctata P. Hennings Epidendrum CLADOMA BEHNICKIANA (P. Hennings) J.Hennen comb. nov. Uredo epidendri P. Hennings Natylia SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder Oncidium CLADOMA BEHNICKIANA (P. Hennings) J.Hennen comb. nov. PUCCINIA ONCIDII Cummins Uredo behnickiana P. Hennings Uredo oncidii P. Hennings Prescottia SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder Spiranthes Uredo lynchii Plowright Stanhopea SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder Stenorrhynchus Uredo epidendri P. Hennings Uredo neopustulata Cummins Zygostatis SPHENOSPORA KEVORKIANII Linder Genus undetermined

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PALMAE Attalea CERRADOA PALMAEA Hennen & Ono Genus undetermined CERRADOA PALMAEA Hennen & Ono PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora PUCCINIA SCLERIAE (Pazschke) Arthur PHYTOLACCACEAE Phytolacca Aecidium talini Spegazzini (PUCCINIA LEPTOCHLOAE Arthur & Fromme) PUCCINIA PINDORAMAE Vigas Rivina PUCCINIA RAUNKAERII Ferdinansen & Winge PINACEAE Araucaria ULEIELLA PARADOXA Schroeter PIPERACEAE Peperomia Uredo peperomiae P. Hennings Piper CROSSOPSORA PIPERIS R. Berndt et al. Uredo peperomiae P. Hennings Malupa piperinum Buritic & Hennen POLYGALACEAE Polygala Uredo peribebuyensis Spegazzini POLYGONACEAE Coccoloba CEROTELIUM COCCOLOBAE Buritic & Hennen Physopella coccolobae (Hennings) Buritic & Hennen [CEROTELIUM COCCOLOBAE]. Polygonum PUCCINIA POLYGONI-AMPHIBII Persoon PUCCINIA SOLMSII P. Hennings Rumex UROMYCES RUMICIS (Schweinitz) Winter POLYPODIACEAE (see PTERIDOPHYTA) PONTEDERIACEAE Heteranthera UROMYCES HETERANTHERAE (P. Hennings) Sydow Pontederia UROMYCES PONTEDERIAE Gerard PTERIDOPHYTA

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Adiantum Uredo viegasii Joerstad Anemia DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow Blechnum DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow Cyclosorus (Thelypteris) DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow Gymnogramma DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow Lindsaya Calidion lindsaeae (P. Hennings) Sydow Lygodium PUCCINIA LYGODII Arthur Nephrolepis DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow Polypodium Calidion lindsaeae (P. Hennings) Sydow Pteridis UREDINOPSIS PTERIDIS Dietel & Holway Thelypteris (Cyclosorus) DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow Genus undetermined, DESMELLA ANEMIAE H. Sydow & P. Sydow RANUNCULACEAE Clematis COLEOSPORIUM CLEMATIDIS Barclay Ranunculus ? Aecidium ranunculi Schweinitz RHAMNACEAE Colubrina PHAKOPSORA COLUBRINAE Vigas Malupa colubrinae (Cummins) Buritic & Hennen Gouania PUCCINIA GOUANIAE Holway PUCCINIA INVAGINATA Arthur & Johnston PUCCINIA PARAENSIS Dietel Hovenia PHAKOPSORA COLUBRINAE Vigas Malupa colubrinae (Cummins) Buritic & Hennen (Uredo hoveniae Lindquist & Costa Neto ) Reissekia Uredo reissekiae Sydow Scutia PUCCINIA SCUTIAE Lindquist Zizyphus PHAKOPSORA ZIZYPHI-VULGARIS Dietel Malupa zizyphi-vulgaris (P. Hennings) Buritic & Hennen ROSACEAE Agrimonia

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PUCCINIASTRUM AGRIMONIAE (Dietel) Tranzschel Duchesnea FROMMELLA MEXICANA (Mains) J. W. McCain & Hennen var. INDICAE J. W. McCain & Hennen Prunus TRANZSCHELIA PRUNI-SPINOSAE var. DISCOLOR Rosa PHRAGMIDIUM MUCRONATUM (Persoon) Schlectendal PHRAGMIDIUM TUBERCULATUM J. Mueller Rubus KUEHNEOLA LOESENERIANA (Arthur) H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIASTRUM AMERICANUM (Farlow) Arthur Uredo loeseneriana P. Hennings RUBIACEAE Alibertia PUCCINIA FARAMEAE Kern, Ciferri & Thurston Alseis PHAKOPSORA MELANOTIS Sydow Basanacantha Aecidium randiae P. Hennings Borreria Aecidium borreriicola H. S. Jackson & Holway Aecidium holwayi H. S. Jackson PUCCINIA LATERITIA Berkeley &Curtis III Uredo borreriae (P. Hennings) Kern & Whetzel Cephalanthus Aecidium cephalanthi-peruviani P. Hennings Coccocypselum Aecidium coccocypseli H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA COCCOCYPSELI H. S. Jackson & Holway Coffea HEMILEIA VASTATRIX Berkeley & Broome Diodia PUCCINIA LATERITIA Berkeley & Curtis UROMYCES HOLMBERGII Spegazzini Emmeorrhiza UROMCYES EMMEORRHIZAE Sydow Geophila DIORCHIDIUM AMAPAENSIS Hennen & Soto Hemidiodia PUCCINIA LATERITIA Berkeley & Curtis III Ixora Uredo psychotriicola P. Hennings Manettia PUCCINIA NEIDERLEINII P. Hennings III UROMYCES TENER Schroeter

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Mitracarpus UROMYCES HOLMBERGII Spegazzini Oldenlandia PUCCINIA OLDENLANDIICOLA P. Hennings Palicourea PUCCINIA FALAX Arthur II/III PUCCINIA PALICOUREAE Mains II/III Uredo fallaciosa Arthur Uredo palicoureae P. Hennings Uredo psychotriicola U P. Hennings Posoqueria Aecidium posoqueriae Dietel Psychotria Aecidium iquitosense P. Hennings Aecidium psychotriae P. Hennings PUCCINIA PSYCHOTRIAE P. Hennings. Uredo fallaciosa Arthur II/III Uredo psychotriicola P. Hennings UROMYCES PSYCHOTRIAE P. Hennings Randia CEROTELIUM FIGUEIREDEAE Buritic & Hennen Uredendo figueiredeae Buritic & Hennen Sabicea CEROTELIUM SABICEAE Buritic & Hennen Physopella sabiceicola (Arthur) Buritic & Hennen Sickingia Aecidium mattogrossense Juel Spermacoce PUCCINIA LATERITIA Berkeley & Curtis III. ? UROMYCES SPERMOCOCES (Schweinitz) M. A. Curtis Tocoyena PHAKOPSORA TOCOYENAE Buritic & Hennen Physopella tocoyenae Buritic & Hennen RUTACEAE Dictyolma Aecidium xanthoxylinum Spegazzini Pilocarpus PUCCINIA PILOCARPI Cooke Zanthoxylum (previously spelled Xanthoxylum) Aecidium rickii P. Sydow & H. Sydow Aecidium xanthoxyli Peck Aecidium xanthoxylinum Spegazzini SALICACEAE Populus MELAMPSORA ALLI-POPULINA Klebahn MALAMPSORA MEDUSAE Thuemen MELAMPSORA OCCIDENTALIS H. S. Jackson MELAMPSORA POPULNEA (Persoon)

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Karsten MELAMPOSRA ROSTRUPII Wagner Uredo aecidioides DeCandolle Salix MELAMPSORA ABIETI-CAPREARUM Tubeuf MELAMPSORA ALLI-POPULINA Klebahn MELAMPSORA EPITEA Thuemen SAPINDACEAE Cardiospermum PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini Cupania SKIERKA CRISTATA (Spegazzini) Mains SKIERKA sp. nov. Hennen & M. B. Figueiredo Paulinia PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini Serjania Aecidium serjaniae P. Hennings PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini Strauches Aecidium uredinoides P. Hennings Thouinia PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini Urvillea PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini Genus undetermined PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Spegazzini SAPOTACEAE Chrysophyllum Uredo chrysophylli Sydow Uredo chrysophyllicola P. Hennings Lucuma MARAVALIA LUCUMAE (Dietel) Y. Ono Mimusops Uredo confluens P. Hennings Palaquium MARAVALIA PALAQUII (Cummins) Y. Ono Uredo palaquii P. Hennings Pouteria ACHROTELIUM LUCUMAE Cummins Uredo lucumae Ur Arthur & Johnston Genus undetermined Uredo agnostica Spegazzini SCHIZAEACEAE (see PTERIDOPHYTES) SCROPHULARIACEAE Antirrhinum PUCCINIA ANTIRRHINI Dietel & Holway Buchnera PUCCINIA BUCHNERAE Cummins Uredo cumula Arthur SOLANACEAE

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Acnistus Aecidium solaninum Spegazzini PUCCINIA ARAUCANA Dietel & Neger PUCCINIA SOLANINA Spegazzini Capsicum ENDOPHYLLUM PAMPEANUM (Spegazzini) Lindquist PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini Cestrum CHRYSOCYCLUS CESTRI (Dietel & P. Hennings) Sydow UROMYCES CESTRI Montero Cyphomandra CROSSOPSORA ULEANA (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) R. H. Peterson Melananthus Aecidium melanthi P. Hennings Nicotiana Uredo nicotianae Anastasia et al. Salpichroa ENDOPHYLLUM PAMPEANUM (Spegazzini) Lndquist PUCCINIA PAMPEANA Spegazzini Solanum Aecidium uleanum Pazschke CHRYSOCYCLUS CESTRI (Dietel & P. Hennings) Sydow CROSSOPOSORA ULEANA (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) R. H. Peterson DIDYMOPSORA SOLANI (P. Hennings) Dietel DIDYMOPSORA SOLANI-ARGENTEI (P. Hennings) Dietel PUCCINIA CLAVIFORMIS Lagerheim PUCCINIA SOLANI-TRISTIS P. Hennings PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Bartholomew vars. PUCCINIOSIRA HOLWAYI Jackson. STERCULIACEAE Byttneria (Buettneria) PUCCINIA FILOPES Arthur & Holway Melochia PUCCINIA FILOPES Arthur & Holway Genus undetermined Aecidium subincarnatum P. Hennings (Host is in Celastraceae) TILIACEAE Heliocarpus PUCCINIA HELIOCARPI P. & H. Sydow Luehea Uredo lueheae Spegazzini Triumfetta DIDYMOPSORA TRIUMFETTAE H. S. Jackson & Holway PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berkeley & Curtis

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PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Spegazzini) P. Hennings ULMACEAE Celtis ? UROMYCES CELTIDIS Dietel Uredo celtidis Pazschke (Host is Maclura, Moraceae) UMBELLIFERAE Apium ?PUCCINIA APII Desmazires Hydrocotyle PUCCINIA HYDROCOTYLES Cooke URTICACEAE Boehmeria PUCCINIA BOEHMERIAE P. Hennings VALERIANACEAE Valeriana PUCCINIA VINULLA H. S. Jackson & Holway VERBENACEAE Lantana Aecidium lantanae Mayor PROSPODIUM TUBERCULATUM (Spegazzini) Arthur PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farlow Uredo tuberculata Spegazzini Lippia Aecidium lippiae-sidoidis Sydow PROSPODIUM LIPPIAE (Spegazzini) Arthur. PROSPODIUM PARAGUAYENSE (Spegazzini) Spegazzini PROSPODIUM PERUVIANUM (P. Sydow & H. Sydow) Cummins PROSPODIUM VONGUNTENII (Mayor) Dietel PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farlow PUCCINIA MAIAE H. S. Jackson Stachytarpheta ENDOPHYLLUM STACHYTARPHETAE (P. Hennings) Whetzel & Olive Valerianodes PUCCINIA URBANIANA P. Hennings Verbena PUCCINIA VERBENEIPHILA Lindquist Vitex OLIVEA MOGIENSIS Hennen & Figueredo, sp. nov., ined OLIVEA VITICIS Ono & Hennen Uredo viticis Juel VITACEAE

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Cissus ENDOPHYLLUM CIRCUMSCRIPTUM Whetzel & Olive Vitis PHAKOPSORA NEOVITIS Ono VOCHYSIACEAE Qualea APLOPSORA HENNENII J. Dianese & L. T. P. Santos Macabuna qualeae Buritic & Hennen ZINGIBERACEAE Costus PUCCINIA COSTI (P. Hennings) H. Sydow & P. Sydow