Design Aspects, Major Challenges and Our Exprience of 765 kV Substations

Purshottam Kalky NTPC ,Noida Noida 25.03.10

Index
Development of HVAC in world and Areva T&D Experience of 765kV System. Design Aspects and Major Challenges of 765kV System.
Basic Design parameters . B i D i t State-of-the-art technologies. Future Major Challenges. Return of Experiences Case Studies.

Development of Voltages Levels for AC Power Transmission World

Development of Voltages Levels for AC Power Transmission World

Development of Voltages Levels for AC Power Transmission India

765kV Substations Areva Presence

S.No. Substations SN S b i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 765 KV in Venezuela 765kV Sipat 765kV Anpara C 765kV Bina and Satna 765kV Lucknow and Balia 765kV Jatikala and Moga 765kV Bhivani 765kV Anpara - D 765kV Sasaram Customer C EDELCAs,Brazil NTPC Status S Commisioned Commisioned

Lanco Infratech Ltd. (LITL) Ongoing PGCIL PGCIL PGCIL PGCIL UPPTCL PGCIL Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing To Start

Basic Design Parameters

System Operating Voltage System Highest Voltage Lightning Impulse withstand Voltage (kV) Switching Surge withstand Voltage (kV) q y g Power Frequency Withstand Voltage r.m.s. (kV) Max. Fault Level for 1 sec. (kA) Minimum Creepage Distance (mm) Minimum Corona extinction voltage (kV) Clerances (mm) Phase to Phase Phase to Earth Sectional Clearances

765 kV 800 kV 2100 1500 830 40 20000 508 7600 4900 10300

400 kV 420 kV 1500 1050 630 40/50/63 10500 320 4200 3500 6500

Basic Design Parameters

Conductor 4.5 Inch (120mm) or Rigid Conductor higher Flexible Conductor Per Phase Flexible conductor Arrangement Sub - Conductor spacing (mm) At Main Bus and Jack Bus Level At Equipment Level Equipment Level (m) Jack Bus Level (m) Main Bus Level (m) Phase to Phase spcing (m) Bay Width (m)
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Bull (38.24mm Dia) 4 X Bull

4 Inch ( Moose (31.77mm Dia) 4 X Moose

450/457 300 14 38/39 26/27 14/15 51.5

450/457 450/457 8 22 15 6/7 24 /27

State-of-the-art technologies

The

detail study was done to find an acceptable balance between parameters impacting in the bundle design in EHV like corona, short circuit pinch effect and electrical field in a 765 kV NTPC India substation substation.
Short circuit mechanical criteria
Corona RIV criteria

Electrical field
& health criteria

Size of bare stranded conductor bundle

SELECTED
WORKING AREA

Fig 1: balance between the different phenomenon's. phenomenon s.

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State-of-the-art technologies

Electric and Magnetic Field Consideration related

to the 765 kV Substations.
The advent and increasing use of higher voltage lines has increased the relative importance of field effects such as induced voltage and current in conducting bodies. During the past 20 years the general public has become increasingly concerned about potential adverse health effects of exposure to electric and magnetic fields at extremely low frequencies (ELF). Such exposures arise mainly from the transmission and use of electrical energy at th power f l ti l t the frequencies of 50/60 H i f Hz. WHO's International EMF Project has been established to work towards resolving the health issues raised by EMF exposure. Scientific reviews have been conducted and gaps in knowledge identified. A formal task group meeting to assess the results was held by IARC in 2001. WHO adopted IARC's conclusions after assessment of noncancer h lth risks i 2002 health i k in 2002.

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State-of-the-art technologies
The
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has p blished g idelines on e pos re limits for all EMF published guidelines exposure EMF. The guidelines provide adequate protection against known health effects and those that can occur when touching charged objects in an external electric field.

Limits of EMF exposure recommended in many countries are broadly

similar to those of ICNIRP, which is a non-governmental organization (NGO) formally recognized by WHO and a full partner in the International EMF Project.

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State-of-the-art technologies
The
electric field and magnetic fields were calculated for the following geometry based on the layout :

S.No. Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Umax Height above ground for field calculation Conductor bundle Conductor Diameter Sub-Conductor Spacing Phase conductor separation Phase conductor height above ground Busbar Current

Qualifier 800 kV 1.8 18m 4 X Bull 38.25 mm 450/300mm 14 m 14,26 & 38 m 600 A

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State-of-the-art technologies
The mean value of the electrical field along the switchyard in the switchyard, most exposed area (lower connection level) is 7.20 kV/m < 10 kV/mtaken into account all future extension with 300mm quad bull bundle for equipment at 14m level.

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State-of-the-art technologies

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State-of-the-art technologies

Equipotential lines

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State-of-the-art technologies

Magnetic field in 765 kV substations

Ball

In any cases the magnetic fields in this the working area is 67 T < 500 T.

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State-of-the-art technologies

The corona effect on conductor and connectors.

The
Corona effect (disruptive discharge) is due to important electrical field in the very close area of the bare conductor / bare y accessories). For 765 kV its a main criterion.

Due to increment of the corona effect with the proximity of the

ground, the management of the bundle design needs deep investigations f connection b t i ti ti for ti between apparatuses. t

The

critical surface gradient of a cylindrical cable has been evaluated using Peek's formula (inception of Corona effect).

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State-of-the-art technologies

Following observation was made during corona study. The ratio of operating conductor surface gradient to
inception gradient should Eops/Ec < 0.90

corona

The

optimum conductor spacing for the minimum conductor surface gradient (adjacent conductor spacing , not diagonal distance ) is seen from the range of 300 to 400 mm .

Continuous corona will also generate high levels of radio noise

and corona losses in dry conditions. The extraneous radio noise will increase background noise levels and so pollute the local radio frequency spectrum.

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State-of-the-art technologies

Following

observation was made during corona study for

connectors

Limitations

of RIV / corona performance are mainly link to connectors and equipment limitations / design.

Test have been carried from 200mm to 450mm cable spacing,

up to 130% of Um (i.e. 660 kV phase-ground) based on a corona p ( p g ) design optimised initially for 457mm cable spacing.

As expected extinction voltages are quite similar from 300mm

and 450 mm spacing, except for the spacer.

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State-of-the-art technologies

The spacer design is the most critical material in this case, a redesign
of spacer had carried and tested again to meet requirement.

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State-of-the-art technologies
Some The
Important design issue in terms of Corona for Non Ceramic Insulators (NCI).

presence of corona activity is a good indication of trouble with nonceramic insulators and other transmission line equipment equipment. Corona in such situations is common and not only results in customer complaints about audible noise and radio interference but also degrades the polymeric rubber material of the NCI, which in turn can cause premature f il t failure of th i f the insulation. l ti Hence proper corona shielding shall be provided for NCI in 765 kV Substations.

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State-of-the-art technologies
Corona Issue with NCI

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State-of-the-art technologies
Short Circuit force for Towers and Equipment terminals.
At first simplified methods for calculation by hand had been developed for typical cases based upon International standard IEC 60865. In the past only the static behavior of the support has been taken into account. Design loads suggested in IEC 60865 1 take the maximum 60865-1 instantaneous values of short-circuit tensile force Ft, drop force Ff, pinch force Fpi as static load for design purposes. This methodology is not feasible as well as economical for higher system voltages.

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State-of-the-art technologies
We find to alternate advance methods as International standard IEC 60865 is applicable for voltage class up to 420kV. Now days analytical and numerical methods or a combination of both on computers developed based on Advanced methods use finite element or finite difference modeling. These software further based upon combination of International standard IEC 60865 and CIGRE 214 : The Mechanical effects of short-circuit currents in open air Substation Part-II working group Substation 23.03. Recent development concerns a more on true impact of dynamic loading .

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State-of-the-art technologies
Some SCF videos which exactly can simulate in todays software's.

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State-of-the-art technologies
Taken a 450mm bundle as reference 100% for traction load at apparatus terminals, a 300mm arrangement reduce the short circuit stress of 20%
Stress on equipment terminal
120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 200 mm Main BF

250 mm

300 mm

350 mm

400 mm

450 mm

Bundle spacing

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State-of-the-art technologies

Control Switching of Circuit Breakers. g

Optimizing a circuit breakers closing or opening moment is of utmost
importance when switching reactive loads because random switching can sometimes result in high transient overvoltage's and inrush currents. currents These transients generate stresses for all substation and network equipment, leading to accelerated aging or in the worst casedestruction of equipment. The RPH2 provides a reliable , low cost way to reduces these switching transients to an acceptable level. Serving as a control unit , it delays the switching order phase by phase until the pre- defined switching time (depending on current / voltage network characteristics) that reduces switching transients to minimum level. The RPH2 is particularly important element when switching large transformer , shunt reactors, capacitors and uncompensated lines.

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State-of-the-art technologies Insulation Coordination

The
study shall be carried out using ELETROMAGNETIC TRANSIENT PROGRAM (EMTP), which is a well established program for f such studies. h t di

The

study shall be carried out in accordance with IEC71-1 and IEC71-2. IEC71 2

The switchyard along with the transmission lines shall be modeled

in accordance with the proposed layout plan diagram. The equipments as well as the distances between the equipments shall be taken from this diagram.

Various

configurations (open close status of breakers) of the switchyard shall be considered to arrive at the maximum overvoltage levels at different points in the switchyard. overvoltage study shall be carried out due to switching of incoming line breakers at remote end.

Switching
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State-of-the-art technologies Insulation Coordination

The
study shall be carried out using ELETROMAGNETIC TRANSIENT PROGRAM (EMTP), which is a well established program for f such studies. h t di

The

study shall be carried out in accordance with IEC71-1 and IEC71-2. IEC71 2

The switchyard along with the transmission lines shall be modeled

in accordance with the proposed layout plan diagram. The equipments as well as the distances between the equipments shall be taken from this diagram.

Various

configurations (open close status of breakers) of the switchyard shall be considered to arrive at the maximum overvoltage levels at different points in the switchyard. overvoltage study shall be carried out due to switching of incoming line breakers at remote end.

Switching
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Future Major Challenges

Online Switching for Spare ICT

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Future Major Challenges

Online Switching for Spare Line reactor with Single phase CB

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Return of Experience- Sipat

Flashover at GT-4 Suspension Insulator.

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Return of Experience- Sipat

Flashover at GT-4 Suspension Insulator. - Proposal

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Return of Experience- Sipat

RPH2 Alarm Indication On
Rph2 following alarm indications shown on display command time min. and operating time max.

Investigation

carried out and final conclusion was to separate Input /output signal in separate cable.

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Conclusion According to our experience, EHV Projects require a minutious consideration of key-factors which may not be as important as for lower voltage Projects.

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Thank you for you atte t o a o your attention!

We would be most pleased: to provide additional information at the end of this lecture on any other topic of interest to you. to provide in the future our support and advise if requested provide, future, advise, by you.

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