180 CHP 1

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs
Distance and Midpoint Formulas (1.1)

Objectives: 1. Use the Distance Formula (p. 4) 2. Use the Midpoint Formula (p. 7) 3. Graph Equations by Hand by Plotting Points (p. 7) 4. Graph Equations Using a Graphing Utility (p. 10) 5. Use a Graphing Utility to Create Tables (p. 12) 6. Find Intercepts from a Graph (p. 12) 7. Use a Graphing Utility to Approximate Intercepts (p. 13)
Find the distance between the points, x1, y1 and x2, y2
2,
y2
x y
1, 1
1. Determine the distance d P , P2 between the points P (1.4,3.2) and P2 (.4,1.7) . 1 1
Round to the nearest hundredth.
Page 1 of 9
2. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the points P (1.4,3.2) and 1 P2 (.4,1.7) .
Page 2 of 9
Intercepts, Symmetry, Graphing, & Key Equations (1.2)
Procedure for Finding Intercepts

To find the x-intercept(s), if any, of the graph of an equation, let y = 0 in the equation and solve for x. (x-intercept(s) are also called zeroes or roots of the equation.) [ZERO/ROOT feature on the graphing calculator] To find the y-intercept(s), if any, of the graph of an equation, let x = 0 in the equation and solve for y.
Part 1: Use a graphing utility to graph the equation and identify any x- or y-intercepts. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth where appropriate.. 1) y = 3
3 x 2
2) y x 4 3x 2 x 5
Part 2: Find the intercepts of the graphs. 3) 4)
Steps for Graphing an Equation Using a Graphing Utility

Step 1: Solve the equation for y in terms of x. Step 2: Get into the graphing mode of your graphing utility and enter the result found in Step1. Step 3: Select the viewing window. (It is common to start with the standard viewing window
initially.) Step 4: Graph. Step 5: Adjust the viewing window.
Page 3 of 9
Symmetry
A graph is said to be symmetric with respect to the y-axis if for every point (x,y) on the graph, the point (-x,y) is on the graph.
A graph is said to be symmetric with respect to the origin if for every point (x,y) on the graph, the point (-x,-y) is on the graph.
A graph is said to be symmetric with respect to the x-axis if for every point (x,y) on the graph, the point (x,-y) is on the graph.
Page 4 of 9
(a) If a graph is symmetric with respect to the x-axis and the point (-2, 3) is on the graph, then what point is also on the graph? (b) If a graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis and the point (-1, 3) is on the graph, then what point is also on the graph? (c) If a graph is symmetric with respect to the origin and the point (-1, 3) is on the graph, then what point is also on the graph?
Draw a complete graph so that it has the symmetry indicated.
a. Origin b. y-axis
Page 5 of 9
Solving Equations (1.3)

Steps for Approximating Solutions of Equations Using Zero (or Root)
Write the equation in the form {expression in x } = 0 Graph Y1= {expression in x }. Use ZERO (or ROOT) to determine each x-intercept of the graph.
Steps for Approximating Solutions of Equations Using Intersect

Graph Y1={expression in x on the left hand side of equation}. Graph Y2={expression in x on the right hand side of equation}. Use INTERSECT to determine each x-coordinate of the points of intersection.
Page 6 of 9
Circles (1.5)
A circle is a set of points in the xy-plane that are a fixed distance r from a fixed point (h, k). The fixed distance r is called the radius, and the fixed point (h, k) is called the center of the circle.
y
The standard form of an equation of a circle with radius r and center (h, k) is
(x, y)
r
(h, k)
x
x h2 y k 2 r 2
Graph
x 12 y 32 16
Graph
x 12 y 32 16 using a graphing utility.
Page 7 of 9
The standard form of an equation of a circle of radius r with center at the origin (0, 0) is
If the radius of a circle whose center is at the origin is r = 1, then we have a unit circle whose equation is of the form
x2 y2 r 2
x2 y2 1
y
1
Unit Circle
The general form of the equation of a circle is
-1
x 2 y 2 ax by c 0
-1
Find the center and radius of
x 2 y 2 4x 8 y 5 0
Page 8 of 9
Completing the Square

I. What number must be added to each expression below to complete the square? 1. x 2 2 x 2. x 2 8 x 3. x 2 5 x 4. x 2 x 5. x 2 2 x 3
5 6. x 2 7 x
II. Write each of the above expressions in the form of x h k

2
III. Write each of the following in the form a x 2 rx c 1. 5 x 2 10 x 3

3. 5 x 2 15 x 7 2. 2 x 2 6 x 4 4. 5 x 2 7 x 2
IV. Write the expressions in part III in the form of a x h c

2
Answers: I. 1. 1 2. 16 3.
2
25 4
4.
1 4 2
5.
16
1 9
6.
25 196 2
II. 1. x 1 1 2.
III. 1. 5 x 2 2 x 3
2 5 x 14 2 25 196
x 4
3. x 5 25 4. 2 4
x 1 2
1 5. 4
x 1 3
1 9
6.
2. 2 x 2 3x 4 3. 5 x 2 3x 7 4. 5 x 2 7 x 2 5
2 2 2
3 3 Almost answers: IV. 1. 5 x 1 3 5 2. 2 x 2 4 2 2
3 3 3. 5 x 2 7 5 2
7 7 4. 5 x 10 2 5 10 2
Page 9 of 9

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MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

Distance and Midpoint Formulas (1.1)

Find the distance between the points, x1, y1 and x2, y2

1. Determine the distance d P , P2 between the points P (1.4,3.2) and P2 (.4,1.7) . 1 1

Round to the nearest hundredth.

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

Intercepts, Symmetry, Graphing, & Key Equations (1.2)

Procedure for Finding Intercepts

Part 2: Find the intercepts of the graphs. 3) 4)

Steps for Graphing an Equation Using a Graphing Utility

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

Solving Equations (1.3)

Steps for Approximating Solutions of Equations Using Intersect

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

x 12 y 32 16 using a graphing utility.

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

The general form of the equation of a circle is

Find the center and radius of

MA 180 Precalculus (Scott) Chapter 1: Graphs

Completing the Square

II. Write each of the above expressions in the form of x h k

III. Write each of the following in the form a x 2 rx c 1. 5 x 2 10 x 3

IV. Write the expressions in part III in the form of a x h c

3 3 Almost answers: IV. 1. 5 x 1 3 5 2. 2 x 2 4 2 2

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