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    Excretion: Urinary System

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    Diana Priya
    The document discusses excretion and the urinary system. It describes how the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin excrete waste from the body. The kidneys remove urea and excess water and regulate fluid levels. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and filters blood to remove wastes and reabsorb useful molecules like glucose and salts. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys cannot regulate water and chemicals or remove wastes, and may require dialysis or kidney transplantation.

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    Excretion: Urinary System

    Uploaded by

    Diana Priya
    25 views31 pages
    The document discusses excretion and the urinary system. It describes how the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin excrete waste from the body. The kidneys remove urea and excess water and regulate fluid levels. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and filters blood to remove wastes and reabsorb useful molecules like glucose and salts. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys cannot regulate water and chemicals or remove wastes, and may require dialysis or kidney transplantation.

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    2010urinaryfernandoigcse-100201120839-phpapp01

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    The document discusses excretion and the urinary system. It describes how the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin excrete waste from the body. The kidneys remove urea and excess water and regulate fluid levels. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and filters blood to remove wastes and reabsorb useful molecules like glucose and salts. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys cannot regulate water and chemicals or remove wastes, and may require dialysis or kidney transplantation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    25 views31 pages

    Excretion: Urinary System

    Uploaded by

    Diana Priya
    The document discusses excretion and the urinary system. It describes how the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin excrete waste from the body. The kidneys remove urea and excess water and regulate fluid levels. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and filters blood to remove wastes and reabsorb useful molecules like glucose and salts. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys cannot regulate water and chemicals or remove wastes, and may require dialysis or kidney transplantation.

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    EXCRETION

    Urinary system
    with some IGCSE questions

    http://biodeluna.wordpress.com/

    Homeostasis.
    Homeostasis is the general function that controls and keeps constant the conditions of our body.

    Excretion
    it is the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements.
    Substances include carbon dioxide, urea and salts

    Urinary system anatomy

    Excretory systems regulate the chemical composition of body fluids by removing metabolic wastes and retaining the proper amounts of water, salts, and nutrients. Components of this system in vertebrates include: the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin.

    http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html

    Outline structure of a kidney

    The kidney
    renal cortex pyramids

    renal pelvis

    renal medulla
    ureter

    Kidney function
    Removal of urea and excess water and the reabsorption of glucose and some salts, so: Remove wastes. Regulate water levels

    The nephron

    X section to nephron

    Nephron

    Nephron function
    role of renal capsule - filtration from blood of water, glucose, urea and salts role of tubule - reabsorption of glucose,most of the water and some salts back into the blood, leading to concentration of urea in the urine as well as loss of excess water and salts

    How can our body keep the percentage of water in our body around 60/70%?
    60 70 % of the weight of our body is water (around 40 l of water). If it is very hot and we sweat, we lose some of our body water composition. If we lose water, we can suffer dangerous dehydration We have to save water and we must not lose more water through urine. The urine will be more concentrated (water is reabsorbed) If we drink a lot of water, we have an extra supply of water (that we dont need). Our urine will be more diluted (water will not be reabsorbed in kidneys).

    Urea
    Urea is formed in the liver from excess amino acids most of the water and some salts back

    How toxic waste from cellular respiration (catabolism) is excreted


    1- Blood + waste come to kidneys by renal artery. 2-Filtration of waste in the nephron. 3-Reabsorption of some useful products that could have been filtered, to the capillaries surrounding the nephron. 4-Waste is concentrating as urine. 5-Urine goes to the -collecting duct - ureter - bladder - and goes out by urethra

    Kidney stones (renal calculi)


    It is the term commonly used to refer to stones, or calculi, in the urinary system. Stones form in the kidneys and may be found anywhere in the urinary system. They vary in size. Some stones cause great pain while others cause very little. The aim of treatment is to remove the stones, prevent infection, and prevent recurrence. Both nonsurgical and surgical treatments are used. Kidney stones affect men more often than women.

    Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume and/or an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine.

    http://thoughtsandstuff.posterous.com/uh-oh-kidney-stonesouch

    Renal (kidney) failure


    It results when the kidneys are not able to regulate water and chemicals in the body or remove waste products from your blood. Acute renal failure (ARF) is the sudden onset of kidney failure. This condition can be caused by an accident that injures the kidneys, loss of a lot of blood, or some drugs or poisons. ARF may lead to permanent loss of kidney function. But if the kidneys are not seriously damaged, they may recover. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the gradual reduction of kidney function that may lead to permanent kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). You may go several years without knowing you have CKD.

    Dialysis
    Artificial maintenance of glucose and protein concentration in blood and diffusion of urea from blood to dialysis fluid.

    In case of chronic renal failure

    What about a kidney transplant?

    http://lifeblood.anaemiaworld.com/en/chronic-kidney-disease/kidney-transplant.html

    discuss the advantages and disadvantages of kidney transplants, compared with dialysis

    IGCSE syllabus question

    Advantages: Dialysis takes a HUGE amount of time, and your life revolves around it. You also risk infection. A kidney transplant is permanent
    Disadvantages: Obviously, the risks associated with any surgery, risk of rejection by your body, and you have to take anti-rejection drugs your whole life.
    http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090331122335AAJiPAb

    Some IGCSE questions

    Sandra Brinkhoff
    http://sandrabrinkhoff.artspan.com/large-view/Medical%20Illustration/96153---7624/Mixed%20Media.html

    http://blogs.laweekly.com/style_council/interior-decor/urinary-tract-wallpaper/

    Some concepts taken from IGCSE Biology syllabus 2010

    http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretory_system http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/Yoururinary/

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