(1) For Dirichlet boundary conditions, the electrostatic Green's function G_D is symmetric in x and x' since G_D=0 on the boundary surface. (2) For Neumann boundary conditions, the Green's function G_N is generally not symmetric in x and x' but G_N(x,x') - F(x) is symmetric, where F(x) is the average of G_N over the surface. (3) Adding F(x) to the Green's function does not change the calculated potential Φ(x).
(1) For Dirichlet boundary conditions, the electrostatic Green's function G_D is symmetric in x and x' since G_D=0 on the boundary surface. (2) For Neumann boundary conditions, the Green's function G_N is generally not symmetric in x and x' but G_N(x,x') - F(x) is symmetric, where F(x) is the average of G_N over the surface. (3) Adding F(x) to the Green's function does not change the calculated potential Φ(x).
(1) For Dirichlet boundary conditions, the electrostatic Green's function G_D is symmetric in x and x' since G_D=0 on the boundary surface. (2) For Neumann boundary conditions, the Green's function G_N is generally not symmetric in x and x' but G_N(x,x') - F(x) is symmetric, where F(x) is the average of G_N over the surface. (3) Adding F(x) to the Green's function does not change the calculated potential Φ(x).
(1) For Dirichlet boundary conditions, the electrostatic Green's function G_D is symmetric in x and x' since G_D=0 on the boundary surface. (2) For Neumann boundary conditions, the Green's function G_N is generally not symmetric in x and x' but G_N(x,x') - F(x) is symmetric, where F(x) is the average of G_N over the surface. (3) Adding F(x) to the Green's function does not change the calculated potential Φ(x).
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Jackson 1.
14 Homework Problem Solution
Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell PROBLEM: Consider the electrostatic Green functions of Section 1.10 for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on the surface S bounding the volume V. Apply Green's theorem (1.35) with integration variables y and =G( x , y) and =G( x' , y) , with y 2 G( z , y)=46(yz) . Find an expression for the difference [G(x, x') G(x', x)] in terms of an integral over the boundary surface S. (a) For Dirichlet boundary conditions on the potential and the associated boundary condition on the Green function, show that G D (x, x') must be symmetric in x and x'. (b) For Neumann boundary conditions, use the boundary condition (1.45) for G N (x, x') to show that G N (x, x') is not symmetric in general, but that G N (x, x') F(x) is symmetric in x and x', where F (x)= 1 S
S G N (x , y) da y (c) Show that the addition of F(x) to the Green function does not affect the potential (x). See problem 2.36 for an example of the Neumann Green function. SOLUTION: The electrostatic Green function for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions is: 4(x)= 1 4c 0
V p( x' )Gd 3 x '+ 1 4
S ( G d 4 d n' 4 d G d n' ) da' Green's theorem (1.35) is:
V ( 2
2 ) d 3 x=
n | da With integration variables y and =G( x , y) and =G( x' , y) , and with y 2 G( z , y)=46( yz) , this equation becomes: 4
V (G(x , y)6( yx' )G(x ' , y)6( yx)) d 3 y=
S G( x , y) G( x' , y) n G( x' , y) G( x , y) n | da y G(x , x ')G(x ' , x)|= 1 4
S G(x , y) G(x ' , y) n G( x' , y) G(x , y) n | da y (a) For Dirichlet boundary conditions on the potential, is known on the surface and F can be chosen to make G D = 0 on the surface. The electrostatic Green function becomes: 4(x)= 1 4c 0
V p( x' )G D d 3 x ' 1 4
S 4 d G D d n' da ' The green function G D in this case can be shown to be symmetric in x and x' by using the general form from above: G(x , x ')G(x ' , x)|= 1 4
S G(x , y) G(x ' , y) n G( x' , y) G(x , y) n | da y For Dirichlet boundary conditions, as stated above, G D = 0 on the surface. The leads to: G(x , x ')G(x ' , x)|= 1 4
S (0) (0) n (0) (0) n | da y G(x , x ')G(x ' , x)|=0 G( x , x' )=G(x' , x) (b) For Neumann boundary conditions, F can be chosen so that the simplest boundary condition (1.45) for G N (x, x') is: G N n' (x , x' )= 4 S where S is the total surface area of the boundary. The electrostatic Green function becomes: 4(x)= 1 4c 0
V p( x' )G N d 3 x'+ 1 4
S ( G N d 4 d n' ) da' +4 S The green function G N in this case is not symmetric in general, shown by using the general form from above: G(x , x ')G(x ' , x)|= 1 4
S G(x , y) G(x ' , y) n G( x' , y) G(x , y) n | da y For Neumann boundary conditions, as stated above, G N n' = 4 S on the surface. The leads to:
G N (x , x' )G N ( x' , x) | = 1 S
S G N (x , y) da y
1 S
S G N (x' , y)da y G N (x , x ' ) 1 S
S G N ( x , y) da y =G N ( x' , x) 1 S
S G N (x' , y)da y This is obviously not symmetric in general, but G N (x, x') F(x) is symmetric in x and x', where F (x)= 1 S
S G N (x , y) da y . (c) Start with the Neumann Green's function solution: 4(x)= 1 4c 0
V p( x' )G N d 3 x'+ 1 4
S ( G N d 4 d n' ) da' +4 S Now add to the Green function F(x) and find its affect. 4' ( x)= 1 4c 0
V p(x ' )(G N +F( x))d 3 x' + 1 4
S ( (G N +F (x)) d 4 d n' ) da'+ 4 S 4' ( x)= 4 S + 1 4c 0
V p( x' )G N d 3 x'+ 1 4
S ( G N d 4 d n' ) da' + 1 4c 0
V p(x ') F (x) d 3 x'+ 1 4
S ( F (x) d 4 d n' ) da ' 4' ( x)=4(x)+ 1 4c 0
V p( x' ) F (x)d 3 x '+ 1 4
S ( F (x) d 4 d n' ) da ' 4' ( x)=4(x)+ 1 4 F (x)
1 c 0
V p(x' ) d 3 x'+
S ( d 4 d n' ) da ' | Use Gauss's Law in integral form in terms of a charge distribution (where all of the integration variables are primed to keep the notation consistent):
S En' da'= 1
V (x' )d 3 x' 4' ( x)=4(x)+ 1 4 F (x)
S En' da' +
S ( d 4 d n' ) da ' | Use the definition of the scalar potential, E= ' 4 , and recognize that
' 4n' = d 4 dn' 4' ( x)=4(x)+ 1 4 F (x)
S ( d 4 dn' ) da'+
S ( d 4 d n' ) da ' | The last two terms now cancel so that 4' ( x)=4(x) The addition of F(x) to the Green function does not affect the potential (x).
