DRUG STUDY

MEDICATION (include dosage, route & frequency) Generic Name: Meloxicam Brand Name: MEL-OD 15 mg, PO, OD DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERS E REACTIONS headache, dizziness, somnolence, rash, pruritus, sweating, nausea, GI pain, diarrhea, vomiting, dysuria, renal impairment, bleeding, platelet inhibition, dyspnea, hemoptysis NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES CONTRAINDICAT IONS AND CAUTIONS Contraindicated with allergy to aspirin or meloxicam; for perioperative pain after coronary artery bypass surgery. Use cautiously with allergies, renal, hepatic, CV, GI conditions; bleeding disorders

INDICATION

NSAID

Relief from the s/sx of osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis Relief from the s/sx of particular or poly articular coarse juvenile rheumatoid arthritis inpatients 2yr or older

Anti-inflammatory; analgesic & antipyretic activities related to inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase(COX) , which is required for the synthesis of prostaglandins & thromboxanes. Somewhat more selective for COX-2 sites than for COX-1 sites which are found throughout the tissues & are related to protection if GI mucosa.

1. Administer drug with food or milk if GI upset occurs. 2. Establish safety measures if CNS disturbances occur. 3. Monitor patient prolonged therapy or signs of bleeding or hepatic toxicity. 4. Provide further comfort measures to reduce pain & reduce inflammation. 5. Establish safety measures if CNS disturbances occur.

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MEDICATION (include dosage, route & frequency) Generic Name: Ceftriaxone Brand Name: Rocephin 1 gram, IVTT, q 8 hrs DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, rendering cell wall osmotically unstable, leading to cell death SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERS E REACTIONS Leukopenia, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, Phlebitis, rash, diarrhea, vomiting. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Instruct patient to take medication as prescribed for the length of time ordered even if he feels better. 2. Teach patient to report sore throat, bruising, bleeding and joint pain. 3. Advise patient to watch out for perineal itching, fever, malaise, redness, pain, swelling, rash, and diarrhea. 4. Assess patients previous sensitivity reaction to penicillin or other cephalosporin. 5. Obtain C&S before beginning drug therapy to identify if correct treatment has been initiated. CONTRAINDICAT IONS AND CAUTIONS Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin and penicillin, lidocaine or any other local anesthetic product of the amide type

INDICATION

Anti-microbial

Anti-parasitic

Treatment of LRIT (e.g. bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, emphysema, lung abscess), skin and soft tissue infections. Preoperative prophylaxis to reduce chance of post-operative surgical infections

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MEDICATION (include dosage, route & frequency) Generic Name: Albuterol Sulfate Brand Name: Salbutamol 1 neb, inhalation, q 6 hrs DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERS E REACTIONS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES CONTRAINDICAT IONS AND CAUTIONS Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to albuterol; tachyarrhythmias, tachycardia caused by digitalis intoxication; general anesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons or cyclopropane (these sensitize the myocardium to catecholamines); unstable vasomotor system disorders; hypertension; coronary insufficiency, CAD; history of stroke; COPD patients with degenerative heart disease.

INDICATION

Sympathomimetic drug Beta2-selective adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator Antiasthmatic

Relief and prevention of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease Inhalation: Treatment of acute attacks of bronchospasm Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm

In low doses, acts relatively selectively at beta2-adrenergic receptors to cause bronchodilation and vasodilation; at higher doses, beta2 selectivity is lost, and the drug acts at beta2 receptors to cause typical sympathomimetic cardiac effects

Restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, pallor, flushing, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, respiratory difficulties, pulmonary edema

1. Use minimal doses for minimal periods; drug tolerance can occur with prolonged use. 2. Maintain a betaadrenergic blocker (cardioselective betablocker, such as atenolol, should be used with respiratory distress) on standby in case cardiac arrhythmias occur. 3. Prepare solution for inhalation by diluting 0.5 mL 0.5% solution with 2.5 mL normal saline; deliver over 515 min by nebulization. 4. Do not exceed recommended dosage. 5. Report chest pain, dizziness, insomnia, weakness, tremors or irregular heartbeat.

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MEDICATION (include dosage, route & frequency) Generic Name: Levofloxacin Brand Name: Levaquin 500 mg, IVTT, OD DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERS E REACTIONS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES CONTRAINDICAT IONS AND CAUTIONS Contraindicated with allergy to fluoroquinolones. Use cautiously with renal dysfunction, seizures.

INDICATION

Antibiotic Fluoroquinolone

Treatment of adults with communityacquired pneumonia, acute maxillary sinusitis caused by susceptible bacteria Treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by susceptible bacteria

Bactericidal: Interferes with DNA by inhibiting DNA synase replication in susceptible gramnegative and grampositive bacteria, preventing cell reproduction.

Headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, elevated BUN, AST, ALT, serum creatinine, fever, rash, photosensitivity

1. Arrange for culture and sensitivity tests before beginning therapy. 2. Continue therapy as indicated for condition being treated. 3. Ensure that patient is well hydrated during course of therapy. 4. Discontinue drug at any sign of hypersensitivity (rash, photophobia) or at complaint of tendon pain, inflammation, or rupture. 5. Monitor clinical response; if no improvement is seen or a relapse occurs, repeat culture and sensitivity test.

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MEDICATION (include dosage, route & frequency) DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERS E REACTIONS Headache, dizziness, asthenia, vertigo, insomnia, apathy, anxiety, paresthesias, rash, inflammation, urticaria, pruritus, alopecia, dry skin, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, cough, epistaxis NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES CONTRAINDICAT IONS AND CAUTIONS Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to omeprazole or its components.

INDICATION

Generic Name: Omeprazole Brand Name: Losec 40 mg, IVTT, OD

Anti-secretory drug Proton pump inhibitor

Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer; First-line therapy in treatment of heartburn or symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); Short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer; GERD, severe erosive esophagitis, poorly responsive symptomatic

Gastric acid-pump inhibitor: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the hydrogenpotassium ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells; blocks the final step of acid production.

1. Administer before meals. 2. Administer antacids if needed. 3. Have regular medical follow-up visits. 4. Report severe headache, worsening of symptoms, fever, chills. 5. Report any changes in urinary elimination such as pain or discomfort associated with urination, or blood in urine.