The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), is a character-encoding scheme based on the ordering of the English

alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern characterencoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many more characters than did ASCII. Historically, ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on ASCII formally began October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's. The first edition of the standard was published during 1963, a major revision during 1967, and the most recent update during 1986. Compared to earlier telegraph codes, the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting of lists, and added features for devices other than teleprinters. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are nonprinting control characters (now mostly obsolete) that affect how text and space is processed; 94 are printable characters, and the space is considered an invisible graphic.The most commonly used character encoding on the World Wide Web was US-ASCII until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8. Binary Ab Oct Dec Hex br 0 00 NU L SO H
[t 1] [t 2] [t 3]

000 0110 006

06 ACK

^F

Acknowledgment

000 0111 007

07 BEL

^G

\a

Bell

000 1000 010

08

BS

^H

\b

Backspace

[t 4][t 5]

000 1001 011

09

HT

^I

\t

Horizontal Tab

[t 6]

000 1010 012 10

0A

LF

^J

\n

Line feed

000 1011 013 11

0B

VT

^K

\v

Vertical Tab

000 1100 014 12

0C

FF

^L

\f

Form feed
[t 7]

Description Null character

000 1101 015 13

0D

CR

^M

\r

Carriage return

000 0000 000

^@

\0

000 1110 016 14

0E

SO

^N

Shift Out

000 0001 001

01

^A

Start of Header

000 1111 017 15

0F

SI

^O

Shift In

000 0010 002

02 STX

^B

Start of Text

001 0000 020 16

10 DLE DC 1 DC 2 DC 3 DC 4

^P

Data Link Escape Device Control 1 (oft. XON) Device Control 2 Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) Device Control 4

000 0011 003

03 ETX

^C

End of Text

001 0001 021 17

11

^Q

000 0100 004

04 EOT EN Q

^D

End of Transmission

001 0010 022 18

12

^R

000 0101 005

05

^E

Enquiry

001 0011 023 19

13

^S

001 0100 024 20

14

^T

1 0101 025 21

15 NAK

^U

Negative Acknowledge ment Synchronous Idle End of Transmission Block Cancel End of Medium Substitute

001 0110 001 0111 001 1000 001 1001 001 1010 001 1011 001 1100 001 1101 001 1110 001 1111

026 22

16 SYN

^V

027 23

17

ETB

^W

030 24

18 CAN

^X

031 25

19

EM

^Y

032 26 1A SUB

^Z

033 27

1B

ESC

^[

\e

[t 8]

Escape

[t 9]

1. ^ The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended function. Some browsers may not display these properly. 2. ^ Caret notation often used to represent control characters. This also indicates the key sequence to input the character traditionally on most text terminals: The caret (^) that begins these sequences represents holding down the "Ctrl" key while typing the second character. 3. ^ Character Escape Codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes). 4. ^ The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the "Backspace", "Bksp", or key on some systems. 5. ^ a b The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character you had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "^H" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any "Delete" key produce something other than the Delete character. 6. ^ The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the "Tab" key on most systems. 7. ^ The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the "Return", "Ret", "Enter", or key on most systems. 8. ^ The '\e' escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers. 9. ^ The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the "Escape" or "Esc" key on some systems. 10. ^ ^^ means Control-Caret (pressing the "Ctrl" and "^" keys), not Control-Control. 11. ^ The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the "Backspace", "Bksp", or key on some systems.

034 28

1C

FS

^\

File Separator Group Separator Record Separator

035 29 1D

GS

^]

036 30

1E

RS

^^

[t 10]

037 31

1F

US

^_

Unit Separator

111 1111

177 127 7F

DEL

^?

Delete

[t 11][t 5]

Binary

Oct Dec Hex 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C

Gly ph ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

011 1001 071 57 011 1010 072 58 011 1011 073 59 011 1100 074 60

39 3A 3B 3C

9 : ; < = > ?

Binary

Oct Dec Hex Glyph 60 61 62 63 ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 101 1011 133 91 101 1100 134 92 5B 5C [ \ ] ^ _

110 0000 140 96 110 0001 141 97 110 0010 142 98 110 0011 143 99

010 0000 040 32 010 0001 041 33 010 0010 042 34 010 0011 043 35 010 0100 044 36 010 0101 045 37 010 0110 046 38 010 0111 047 39 010 1000 050 40 010 1001 051 41 010 1010 052 42 010 1011 053 43 010 1100 054 44

101 1101 135 93 5D 101 1110 136 94 101 1111 137 95 5E 5F

011 1101 075 61 3D 011 1110 076 62 011 1111 077 63 3E 3F

110 0100 144 100 64 110 0101 145 101 65 110 0110 146 102 66 110 0111 147 103 67 110 1000 150 104 68 110 1001 151 105 69 110 1010 152 106 6A 110 1011 153 107 6B 110 1100 154 108 6C 110 1101 155 109 6D 110 1110 156 110 6E 110 1111 157 111 6F 111 0000 160 112 70 111 0001 161 113 71 111 0010 162 114 72 111 0011 163 115 73 111 0100 164 116 74 111 0101 165 117 75 111 0110 166 118 76 111 0111 167 119 77 111 1000 170 120 78 111 1001 171 121 79 111 1010 172 122 7A

010 1101 055 45 2D 010 1110 056 46 010 1111 057 47 011 0000 060 48 011 0001 061 49 011 0010 062 50 011 0011 063 51 011 0100 064 52 011 0101 065 53 011 0110 066 54 011 0111 067 55 011 1000 070 56 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Binary

Oct Dec Hex Glyph 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

100 0000 100 64 100 0001 101 65 100 0010 102 66 100 0011 103 67 100 0100 104 68 100 0101 105 69 100 0110 106 70 100 0111 107 71 100 1000 110 72 100 1001 111 73

100 1010 112 74 4A 100 1011 113 75 100 1100 114 76 4B 4C

100 1101 115 77 4D 100 1110 116 78 100 1111 117 79 101 0000 120 80 101 0001 121 81 101 0010 122 82 101 0011 123 83 101 0100 124 84 101 0101 125 85 101 0110 126 86 101 0111 127 87 101 1000 130 88 101 1001 131 89 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

101 1010 132 90 5A