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    In Mathematics

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    lesterPECE
    Boundary value problems involve solving differential equations where conditions are specified at the boundaries of the independent variable. They commonly arise in physics applications like determining normal modes of vibration. Well-posed boundary value problems have a unique solution that depends continuously on the specified conditions. Much work in partial differential equations ensures problems from science and engineering are well-posed. One of the earliest studied problems was finding harmonic functions using Dirichlet's principle.

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    In Mathematics

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    lesterPECE
    75 views2 pages
    Boundary value problems involve solving differential equations where conditions are specified at the boundaries of the independent variable. They commonly arise in physics applications like determining normal modes of vibration. Well-posed boundary value problems have a unique solution that depends continuously on the specified conditions. Much work in partial differential equations ensures problems from science and engineering are well-posed. One of the earliest studied problems was finding harmonic functions using Dirichlet's principle.

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    Boundary value problems involve solving differential equations where conditions are specified at the boundaries of the independent variable. They commonly arise in physics applications like determining normal modes of vibration. Well-posed boundary value problems have a unique solution that depends continuously on the specified conditions. Much work in partial differential equations ensures problems from science and engineering are well-posed. One of the earliest studied problems was finding harmonic functions using Dirichlet's principle.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    75 views2 pages

    In Mathematics

    Uploaded by

    lesterPECE
    Boundary value problems involve solving differential equations where conditions are specified at the boundaries of the independent variable. They commonly arise in physics applications like determining normal modes of vibration. Well-posed boundary value problems have a unique solution that depends continuously on the specified conditions. Much work in partial differential equations ensures problems from science and engineering are well-posed. One of the earliest studied problems was finding harmonic functions using Dirichlet's principle.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    In mathematics, in the field of differential equations, a boundary value problem is a differential equation together with a set of additional restraints,

    called the boundary conditions. A solution to a boundary value problem is a solution to the differential equation which also satisfies the boundary conditions. Boundary value problems arise in several branches of physics as any physical differential equation will have them. Problems involving the wave equation, such as the determination of normal modes, are often stated as boundary value problems. A large class of important boundary value problems are the SturmLiouville problems. The analysis of these problems involves the eigenfunctions of a differential operator. To be useful in applications, a boundary value problem should be well posed. This means that given the input to the problem there exists a unique solution, which depends continuously on the input. Much theoretical work in the field of partial differential equations is devoted to proving that boundary value problems arising from scientific and engineering applications are in fact well-posed. Among the earliest boundary value problems to be studied is the Dirichlet problem, of finding the harmonic functions (solutions to Laplace's equation); the solution was given by the Dirichlet's principle.

    Explanation
    Boundary value problems are similar to initial value problems. A boundary value problem has conditions specified at the extremes ("boundaries") of the independent variable in the equation whereas an initial value problem has all of the conditions specified at the same value of the independent variable (and that value is at the lower boundary of the domain, thus the term "initial" value). For example, if the independent variable is time over the domain [0,1], a boundary value problem would specify values for at time at both . and , whereas an initial value problem would specify a value of and

    Finding the temperature at all points of an iron bar with one end kept at absolute zero and the other end at the freezing point of water would be a boundary value problem. If the problem is dependent on both space and time, one could specify the value of the problem at a given point for all time the data or at a given time for all space. Concretely, an example of a boundary value (in one spatial dimension) is the problem

    to be solved for the unknown function

    with the boundary conditions

    Without the boundary conditions, the general solution to this equation is

    From the boundary condition

    one obtains

    which implies that

    From the boundary condition

    one finds

    and so One sees that imposing boundary conditions allowed one to determine a unique solution, which in this case is

    Types of boundary value problems

    The boundary value problem for an idealised 2D rod If the boundary gives a value to the normal derivative of the problem then it is a Neumann boundary condition. For example, if there is a heater at one end of an iron rod, then energy would be added at a constant rate but the actual temperature would not be known. If the boundary gives a value to the problem then it is a Dirichlet boundary condition. For example, if one end of an iron rod is held at absolute zero, then the value of the problem would be known at that point in space. If the boundary has the form of a curve or surface that gives a value to the normal derivative and the problem itself then it is a Cauchy boundary condition. Aside from the boundary condition, boundary value problems are also classified according to the type of differential operator involved. For an elliptic operator, one discusses elliptic boundary value problems. For an hyperbolic operator, one discusses hyperbolic boundary value problems. These categories are further subdivided into linear and various nonlinear types.

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