IEEE ICC 2009 Workshop on Green Communications Dresden, Germany June 2009

Green Communications Management Included

Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman Telcordia Technologies (Ret.) w2xd@aol.com

From NOMS 2008 - Salvador, BRAZIL - April 2008 Outrageous Opinion Session

Green Network Operations and Management

Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman Telcordia Technologies (Ret.) w2xd@aol.com

World Class Global Drivers

It is cool to save the planet Current protocols are energy intensive not cool Other industries are going green (e.g., transportation, lodging, utilities) why not NOM? Network Management can make a difference
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We need a Green Protocol

Selection criteria
Reduce carbon footprint by at least 10% Backwards compatible with CMIP, SNMP and all other protocols Freely available via open source (e.g., back of truck and off the shelf)

Two main contenders

SIPP Simple Integrated Protocol of Protocols SLURP Simple Logical Ubiquitous Reconfigurable Protocol
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SIPP vs. SLURP

Uses refined sipping tea paradigm Offers protocol of protocols Simple is in the name Batteries not included Uses powerful slurping soup paradigm Offers quasi-infinite set of reconfigurable protocols Simple and Logical are in the name Batteries included

SIPP available 12/7 (e.g., as SLURP available 24/7 (e.g., at Starbucks) with COFF- as at 7-11) - stand alone as ee SLURP-ee

Next Steps
SIPP vs. SLURP is our generations SNMP vs. CMIP IM 2009 (at least) must prepare to catalyze the Green Protocol
Include Technology Centers for SIPP & SLURP Invite key SIPP & SLURP experts to actively participate Plan for double number of attendees

Encourage incredible SDOs to get involved in standardizing the Green Protocol

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Conclusion
The NOMS/IM community can help save the planet by creating a Green Protocol SIPP and SLURP hold the most promise for our generation (and those to come) This could be the biggest and most audacious undertaking to hit NM since CMIP vs. SNMP Are we up to it?
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Disclaimer
The views are solely that of the author and have not had any peer (or even non-peer) review. Real protocols were not used, and any resemblance or relationship to such was purely coincidental and unintentional. Live animals were not used. Do not try at home.
[End of NOMS 2008 Presentation]
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Industry Activities in Energy Efficient Networking

Have started to see entities such as the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) considering energy efficient networking The following slides were originally presented at an OIF meeting by its president (Hans-Martin Foisel)

Source: Optical Internetworking Forum

Motivation #1
With the broadband initiatives of multiple carriers around the world the power consumption in telecommunication increases significantly Power consumption and the related heat dissipation will become more and more a critical factor of Communication networks IT facilities Data centers High performance network elements Efficient power design enable OPEX reductions Increase of performance/reliability

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Motivation #2

Estimated distribution of global CO2 emissions from ICTs

Source: Source: Kumar, Rakesh and Mieritz, Lars (2007) Conceptualizing Green IT and data centre power and cooling issues, Gartner Research Paper No. G00150322

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Motivation #3
Magic formula to convince end customers 115 watts (Sleep mode, standby,..) x 24 hours x 365 days = 1000 Kwatt-hour (1 Mwatt-hour) x 0.10 = 100
Source: ETSI Green Agenda

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LCA: Life Cycle Assessment

Raw materials & chemicals

Manufacturing & office sites Transports

Fabrication
Transports Office & manufacturing sites Business travel

Use phase
Products energy consumption Offices & stores Vehicle fleet

End of life
Collection / treatment Recycling of metals Landfill Resource depletion

Source: Ericsson
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Holistic Approach for Power Saving Opportunities for ICT in the Use Phase
Access Network

Home Network

Access

Aggregation

Core Network

Application/ Content Server

Energy reduction solutions e.g. Power management based on usage, e.g. day night profiles, usage profiles

End devices
Power efficient end devices with significant lower power consumption; intelligent sleep mode (fast wake up); reduction of functions in the end device, shifting functions into the network Thin Clients Source: Piet Demeester Power adaptive access network; guarantees always basic communications; adaptive power control of components based on communication requirements; power efficient architecture and technology High sharing ratio of professional servers; power management of servers based on usage; offloading end devices from application/graphical processing and content storage; optimized content allocation among servers

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Power Consumption Reduction in Access Networks

WirelineAccess Network Technologies
Access Network Reference
NT APL Cabinet Office

First Mile

ADSL2/ 2+

FTTCab + VDSL FTTB + VDSL

FTTH

xDSL

Optical

Source: Christoph Lange et al., OFCNFOEC 2008, paper JWA105

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Energy Efficient Networking #1

EU Standby Initiative: Code of Conduct for Data Centers Code of Conduct for Digital TV Services Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Communication Equipment Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies Code of Conduct on AC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) For more information please see: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative.htm

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Energy Efficient Networking #2

Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Equipment, Draft Version 3, Issue 11 23 June 2008, issued by the European Commission, JRC, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, Renewable Energies Unit
Total European consumption of up to 50 TWh per year can be estimated for the year 2015 With the implementation of this Code of Conduct the (max) electricity consumption could be limited to 25 TWh per year, this is equivalent to total saving of about 7.5 Billions per year Code of Conduct covers customer premises (CPE, ONT) and network (xDSL, OLT) equipment and sets targets for 2009..11 For more information please see: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative_bro adband%20communication.htm

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Energy Efficient Networking #3

Europe: Energy Efficiency Through ICT First focus on three areas: Power grid Lighting Buildings
EC will encourage the ICT industry to cut its own emissions and create products and services that can benefit the E.U.'s environmental footprint Without widespread action, the E.U.'s energy use is expected to rise 25 percent by 2012 For more information please see: http://www.climatebiz.com/news/2008/05/14/european-unionpromote-ict-energy-efficiency

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Energy Efficient Networking #4

Energy Star Initiative: ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy aiming at saving money and protect the environment through energy efficient products and practices Results are already adding up. Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, saved enough energy in 2007 alone to avoid greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 27 million cars all while saving $16 billion on their utility bills Setup of programs for private homes and businesses Setup a cooperation with EC Standby Initiative For more information please see: http://www.energystar.gov/

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Energy Efficiency and Standardization Bodies

Energy Efficiency and Standardization Bodies

Energy efficiency is a topic which can be found at every international standardization level, e.g.: ISO, IEC ITU-T ETSI IEEE ATIS
Source: http://www.leonardo-energy.org/drupal/standards-ETSI_ITUT

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ITU-T
ITU Symposia on ICTs and Climate Change Kyoto, Japan, 15-16 April 2008, MIC London, UK, 17-18 June 2008, BT For more information please see: http://www.itu.int/ITUT/worksem/climatechange/index.html ITU-T SG15, Power saving tutorials, Feb 13-15, 2008; Strategic issues for ITU-T: Assessment of existing and new ITU-T Rec. in the light of climate change Identifying requirements for further ICT standardization work and gaps in current portfolio of Rec. Setting target for reductions of greenhouse gases that can be achieved by using ICTs, incl. through implementation of ITU-T Recs.
Source: ITU-T and Climate Change, Dr Tim Kelly, Head, Standardization Policy Division (ITU-T)

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IEEE
Energy Efficient Ethernet - IEEE P802.3az objectives Define a mechanism to reduce power consumption during periods of low link utilization for the following PHYs 100BASE-TX (Full Duplex) 1000BASE-T (Full Duplex) 10GBASE-T 10GBASE-KR 10GBASE-KX4 Define a protocol to coordinate transitions to or from a lower level of power consumption The link status should not change as a result of the transition No frames in transit shall be dropped or corrupted during the transition to and from the lower level of power consumption The transition time to and from the lower level of power consumption should be transparent to upper layer protocols and applications Any new twisted-pair and/or backplane PHY for EEE shall include legacy compatible auto negotiation

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IEEE: Energy Efficient Ethernet Roadmap

For more information please see: http://www.ieee802.org/3/az/index.html

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ETSI
ETSI Green Agenda is one of the ETSI strategic topics for 2008 ETSI will implement the ISO 14001:2004 and 14004:2004 standards ISO 14001 - The Environmental Management Standards ETSI Environmental Engineering (EE) 'DTR/EE-00002 Work Item TR 102 530, reduction of energy consumption in telecommunications equipment and related infrastructure 'DTR/EE-00004' Work Item; TR 102 532, use of alternative energy sources in telecommunication installations DTS/EE-00005' Work Item ; TS 102 533, Energy consumption in BB Telecom Network Equipment 'DTS/EE-00006' Work Item, Environmental consideration for equipment installed in outdoor location ETSI Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM) 'DTR/ATTM-06002' Work Item: Power Optimization for xDSL transceivers For more information please see: www.itu.int/dms_pub/itut/oth/06/0F/T060F0000090032PDFE.pdf
Source: ETSI Green Agenda, Bernard Dugerdil

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ATIS: NIPP
Network Interface, Power, and Protection Committee
ATIS starts a Green Initiative beginning 2008 Green activities are focused in NIPP; specific standards activities: Power consumption reduction through energy efficiency improvements. Goal: Produce a document or suite of documents that may be used by Service Providers to assess the true energy needs of telecom equipment Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment (RoHS):
Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Modules Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Pb-Free Assemblies Accelerated Pb-Free Robustness Check

Reducing power consumption for DSL modems. Investigating methods to reduce power consumption for DSL modems at both the network and customer ends of the line For more information please see: http://www.atis.org/0050/index.asp

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TIA:Green Initiative
EIA starts a Green Initiative beginning 2008 EIATRACK

Highlights include:
Key product compliance issues such as Take-back, Batteries, Restricted Substances, Design for Environment and Packaging More than 1,500 pieces of legislation tracked from proposal through implementation Coverage in all major regions of Europe, Asia Pacific, North America and South America Accurate, up-to-date content provided by a wide range of internationally-based legal and technical subject-matter experts. WEEE and RoHS expertise in Europe and other jurisdictions

For more information please see: http://tiaonline.org/environment/

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Positioning attempt of the OIF in the Energy Efficient Network Activity Area
Green strategy of the OIF
Scan the OIF IAs with respect to the EEN aspects
ASON/GMPLS control plane increasing network efficiency increasing its energy efficiency; supports capability to chose the most energy efficient network layer for transporting data; PLL: Energy efficient 40GE/100GE interface aspects, e.g. comparison of multi-lane and serial interfaces, optical and electrical interfaces, support and work on the most EEN solutions

MA&E activity Others?

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Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud

PROMPT Next Generation Internet to Reduce Global Warming

Research on router, optical, W/W-less and distributed computing architectures, applications, grids, clouds, Web services, virtualization, dematerialization, remote instrumentation and sensors, etc. Share infrastructure & maximize lower cost power by following wind & sun networks.

Sources: GENI and Inocybe 27

Possible research areas

> Dynamic all optical networks with solar or wind powered optical repeaters > Wireless mesh ad-hoc networks with mini-solar panels at nodes > New shortest energy path Internet architectures with servers, computers and storage collocated at remote renewable energy sites such as hydro dams, windmill farms, etc > Topology and architecture issues to stretch the network and move routers and switches from major intersections > New routing and resiliency architectures for wired and wireless networks for massively disruptive topology changes due to setting sun or waning winds that power routers and servers > New stats and measurement analysis of bits per carbon (bpc) utilization, optimized carbon routing tables, etc Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud

Cool Example: Switch Communications

SuperNAP compound will house servers and storage systems owned by many prominent companies in huge computing compound Specifics
407,000 square feet 150 MVA Switch owned substation 84 MVA of UPS supply 30,000 tons of system plus system cooling 4,5000,000 CFM 30 cooling towers 1,500 watts per sq. ft. density 7,000+ cabinets
Ref: www.switchnap.com and http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/24/switch_supernap/

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Switch Communications: Connectivity

Connects enterprises to major carriers in Las Vegas hub at greatly reduced costs
AT&T Verizon Qwest Cox TimeWarner etc

Zero mile, on-net, diverse, national fiber backbone gateways. Lit services including DWDM, GigE, MPLS, POS, ATM, & Frame Relay.

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Switch Communications: Cooling Systems

Will use more power than three mega-casinos to get power from Hoover Dam and California power plants For more efficient cooling will use T-SCIF (Thermal Separate Compartment in a Facility) no raised floors

Colocation and energy efficient techniques reduce costs while being green
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Greening the Management

Use green data center best practices for hardware and networking configurations
Optimize cooling requirements Minimize Management Control Network requirements Power down when not in use

Develop more efficient protocols

Optimize interactions with managed systems Simplify interactions

Consider power requirements for remote vs. central functionality

Self healing networks may reduce truck rolls and save power Will emerging control plane networks save power?

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Managing the Green

Telecom industry has over 25 years experience with OSS-based network operations and management Managing network elements (load balancing, reservation scheduling, work force management, etc.) can be generalized Use OSS approach to manage
Home networks and appliances Power use determined by sensor networks (e.g., smart grid)

Facilitate more time efficient and cost effective telecommuting

Trade off smaller facilities and less travel vs. more power while telecommuting

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Conclusion
The communications industry has the knowledge, experience and resources to enable a green world -> How can IEEE Communications Society energize research, development and deployment of green enablers? Standards will to continue evolve -> Will these help or hinder? Fundamental architecture transformations can have profound impact -> Will greenness be a major driver or incidental to other drivers (e.g., increasing ROI)?

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