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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level 9700/12
May/June 2011 1 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

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BIOLOGY Paper 1 Multiple Choice

*7855826198*

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

IB11 06_9700_12/3RP UCLES 2011

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2 1 Using a stage micrometer scale, one unit of an eyepiece graticule was calculated as 0.005 mm. The diameter of a spongy mesophyll cell was counted as 3.5 units on the eyepiece graticule. What is the estimate of the diameter of the cell? A 2 0.18 m B 1.8 m C 18.0 m D 180 m

Membranous sacs containing products of metabolism are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum in cells. Where are these products used? A B C D inside and outside the cell inside lysosomes only inside the cell only outside the cell only

Visking tubing is an artificial partially permeable membrane used to demonstrate diffusion. Glucose molecules can pass through the pores in the membrane which are approximately 2.4 nm in diameter. Which of the following could pass through the pores? 1 2 3 4 A 2 only bacteria haemoglobin ribosomes glycogen B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 4 only D none of these

Which of the structures are found in photosynthetic prokaryotes? 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D cell surface membrane cellulose wall mesosomes ribosomes chloroplasts

1, 2, 3 and 4 only 1, 2, 4 and 5 only 1, 3 and 4 only 2, 3 and 5 only

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3 5 A human aorta has a lumen width of 2 cm. A human red blood cell has a diameter of 7 m. How many red blood cells could be laid end to end across the diameter of the aorta lumen? A 6 2.9 103 B 2.9 102 C 2.9 102 D 2.9 103

Which polysaccharides are branched and which are unbranched? branched A B C D amylose amylopectin cellulose cellulose unbranched cellulose cellulose amylose amylopectin

Three carbohydrate molecules are shown.

CH2OH O OH OH OH OH 1 2 HO OH OH 3 CH2OH O OH OH CH2OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

Which two molecules combine to form a molecule of sucrose? A 8 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D two of molecule 1

At which levels of protein structure do ionic bonds occur? 1 2 3 A secondary tertiary quaternary B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 and 2 only

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4 9 Myoglobin is a protein with a similar function to haemoglobin. However, myoglobin does not have a quaternary structure. Why does myoglobin not have a quaternary structure? A B C D Myoglobin does not contain a haem group. Myoglobin does not contain any alpha helices. Myoglobin has a fibrous rather than a globular structure. Myoglobin has only one polypeptide chain.

10 The diagram shows the structure of the amino acid cysteine.

H H H S C H N C H C O OH H

When two of these amino acids join together what bond(s) are formed? A B C D disulfide bonds only disulfide and peptide bonds hydrogen, disulfide and peptide bonds peptide bonds only

11 Which row describes a triglyceride? hydrophilic A B C D     insoluble in alcohol     key = correct = incorrect

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5 12 The graph shows the activation energy of an enzyme-catalysed reaction and the same reaction without a catalyst.

energy reactants

products reaction

Which of the following shows the activation energy of the uncatalysed reaction? A X+YZ B X+ZY C X+Y D Y+Z

13 Which of the following statements are true of all enzymes? 1 2 3 4 A B C D soluble in water catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules only have one active site have a quaternary structure

1, 2 and 3 only 2, 3 and 4 only 1 only 4 only

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6 14 The graphs show the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity.

Q R

P rate of reaction rate of reaction

S temperature pH

Which statement explains the enzyme activity at the point shown? A B C D At P, hydrogen bonds are formed between enzyme and substrate. At Q, the kinetic energy of enzyme and substrate is highest. At R, peptide bonds in the enzyme begin to break. At S, the enzyme is completely denatured.

15 The diagram shows part of a cell surface membrane.

3 2 4 5

Which molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions? A B C D 1 and 5 only 1, 3 and 5 only 1, 2, 4 and 5 only 2, 3 and 4 only

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7 16 Increasing which type of bond helps to increase the fluidity of the cell surface membrane? A B C D COC CN C C

hydrogen

17 When cylinders of potato tissue were immersed in a 0.35 mol dm3 sucrose solution, they showed no change in mass. What will happen when cylinders are immersed in a 0.1 mol dm3 sucrose solution? A B C D The pressure potential of the cells will become more positive. The solute potential of the cell will become more negative. The water potential of the cells will become more negative. The water potential of the solution will become less negative.

18 The graph represents the changes in the quantity of DNA present in one nucleus at different stages in the life cycle of a mammal.
X fertilisation

4 DNA content 3 / arbitrary units 2 1

egg

time

Which stage takes place at X? A B C D interphase metaphase prophase telophase

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8 19 At which stage of mitosis do these events occur? centromeres separate A B C D anaphase anaphase metaphase metaphase spiralisation and condensation of DNA interphase prophase interphase telophase

20 During which process does only mitosis occur? A B C D the production of antibodies from B-lymphocyte memory cells the production of cancerous tissue in alveoli the production of gametes the production of root hairs

21 The table shows the tRNA anticodons for four amino acids. amino acid asparagine glutamic acid proline threonine anticodon (tRNA) UUA CUU GGA UGG

A cell makes a polypeptide with the following amino acid sequence. glutamic acid asparagine threonine proline What was the sequence of bases on the DNA from which this was formed? A B C D GGAAATACCCTT CAAAATACCCCT CTTTTATGGGGA CTTTTATCCGGA

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9 22 What does the enzyme RNA polymerase synthesise? A B C D a polypeptide from an mRNA template a strand of DNA from an mRNA template mRNA from a DNA template mRNA from a tRNA template

23 The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule.

A G C C T C G G

How many hydrogen bonds are involved in holding these strands of DNA together? A 11 B 9 C 8 D 4

24 Which features enable the aorta to withstand high pressure at ventricular systole? A B C D collagen fibres and elastin fibres collagen fibres and endometrium elastin fibres and large lumen smooth muscle and small lumen

25 There is a decreased partial pressure of oxygen at high altitude compared to sea level. Which row is a correct description and reason for the response of the body to high altitude? description A B C D more red blood cells red blood cells have genes switched on oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right percentage saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen in lungs decreases reason because haemoglobin breaks down more rapidly so red blood cells produce more haemoglobin to compensate for an increase in oxygen unloading in tissues so more red blood cells are produced to carry more haemoglobin

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10 26 What events occur during contraction of the left ventricle? A B C D The bicuspid valve opens and semilunar valve in the aorta opens. The bicuspid valve closes and semilunar valve in the aorta closes. The pressure in the left atrium becomes greater than the pressure in the left ventricle. The pressure in the left ventricle becomes greater than the pressure in the aorta.

27 Blood, tissue fluid and lymph each have a different composition. Which row shows the composition of lymph? contains water A B C D     contains antibodies     contains lipid     key = present = absent

28 Which processes are involved in transport in both phloem and xylem? 1 2 3 A diffusion mass flow osmosis B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

29 Which features of xerophytes are adaptations to reduce water loss by transpiration? rolled leaves A B C D key fleshy leaves sunken stomata thick waxy cuticles

   

   

   

   

= reduces water loss = no effect on water loss

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11 30 The graph shows the results of measuring the concentration of sucrose in the xylem, phloem and leaves of a plant during 24 hours.

phloem sucrose concentration

leaves xylem 06 00 12 00 18 00 00 00

time of day
Which conclusion can be drawn from these results? A B C D Osmosis moves water from the xylem to the phloem. Sucrose is actively transported into the phloem from the leaves. Sucrose is moved in both directions in the phloem. Xylem tissue uses sucrose as a source of energy.

31 Water that is present inside a root hair cell may leave the cell and pass to the xylem. Through which pathway must the water travel? A B C D apoplast plasmodesmata symplast vacuoles

32 What are the approximate diameters of a trachea, an alveolus, a bronchiole and a bronchus? trachea / mm A B C D 18 18 12 12 alveolus / mm 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.50 bronchiole / mm 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.25 bronchus / mm 12 12 18 18

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12 33 What could occur as a result of inhaling the nicotine in tobacco smoke? A B C D cilia lining the respiratory tract are paralysed, causing an increase in the secretion of mucus from enlarged goblet cells diffusion into blood capillaries followed by the release of adrenaline, which increases blood pressure and heart rate diffusion into the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, increasing the risk of mutation and acting as a potential carcinogen dissolves in the lining of the alveoli, causing a breakdown in the alveolar walls and a decrease in surface area for gas exchange

34 Which effects does emphysema have? 1 2 3 A surface area to volume ratio of lungs decreases distance of the diffusion pathway increases volume of oxygen diffused per unit time decreases B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

35 Which of the diseases listed in the table are only treatable using antibiotics? cholera A B C D     measles     TB     key = treatable = not treatable

36 The diagram shows properties of diseases. Which area of the diagram shows the properties that are common to both cholera and tuberculosis?

A bacterial D C B infectious

transmitted by airborne droplets

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13 37 The disease smallpox has been eradicated by a worldwide vaccination programme. Which set of reasons correctly identifies the problems associated with planning vaccination programmes to eradicate other diseases? TB A invade gut cells where immune system less effective malaria genetically inherited recessive condition sickle cell anaemia different vaccines needed for active and dormant-toactive forms genetically inherited recessive condition cholera poor response with malnourished children; boosters then required different vaccines needed for active and dormant-toactive forms invade gut cells where immune system less effective

different stages with different antigens; invades body cells different vaccines needed for active and dormant-toactive forms genetically inherited recessive condition

poor response with malnourished children; boosters then required different stages with different antigens; invades body cells different vaccines needed for active and dormant-toactive forms

genetically inherited recessive condition

invade gut cells where immune system less effective

different stages with different antigens; invades body cells

38 Anaerobic bacteria are abundant in waterlogged soils. Which effect does this have on soil fertility and why? soil fertility A B C D decreased decreased increased increased reason bacteria convert nitrate to ammonia bacteria convert nitrate to nitrogen gas bacteria cause decomposition bacteria cause nitrogen fixation

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14 39 What name is given to all the organisms in an area and their interactions with their environment? A B C D community ecosystem habitat niche

40 What is the function of nitrifying bacteria in the soil? A B C D oxidation of ammonium compounds to nitrates oxidation of nitrogen gas to nitrates reduction of ammonium compounds to nitrates reduction of nitrates to nitrites

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