18 Well Control

Exit
Chapter Table of Contents
Index
Handbook Table of Contents
Topic Page
Menu
18
Well control
Contents
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-2 Kicks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-2 Controlling a kick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3 Shut-in procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3 Kill methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3 Wait-and-weight method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3 Driller's method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-4 Concurrent method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-4 Kick control problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-7
CHAPTER
Exit
Index
Topic Page
Well control
Overview
This section explains kicks, warning signs, and kick control. Shut-in procedures and common kill methods are explained, and the steps to accomplish each are provided. Common kill problems are identified, and the solutions for these problems are given.
Kicks
A kick is an influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. Some of the conditions that can induce a kick are: C C C C C Drilling into an abnormally pressured formation Failure to keep the hole full during trips Insufficient mud weight Lost circulation Swab/Surge pressures
Warning signs of a kick include: C C C C C C C Drilling breaks Increase in pit volume Increase in mud-return flow rate Flow with the mud pumps off Pump-pressure decrease and stroke-rate increase Drilling reversal Hole not taking proper fluid volume during a trip
18-2
Exit
Index
Topic Page
Baroid fluids handbook
Controlling a kick
Follow this procedure to control a kick: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Pull off bottom. Shut off pumps. Check for flow. Shut-in the well. Record pressures. Kill the well. Verify that the well is dead.
Note: The best indication that a well has been killed is when the choke is open 100 percent and there is no flow.
Shut-in procedures
A shut-in procedure can be either soft or hard. When conducting a soft shut-in the choke is partially to fully open when the annular preventer is closed. When conducting a hard shut-in the choke is fully closed when the annular preventer is closed.
Kill methods
Three basic techniques used to kill a well are: C C C Wait-and-weight method Driller's method Concurrent method
Wait-andweight method
The most widely used kill method is wait-and-weight. In this method, the well is shut-in, and the surface system is weighted up to the required kill weight. The weighted mud is pumped into the well, and the kick is killed in one complete circulation. This method is also called the engineer's or one-circulation method.
Revised August 1, 1997
18-3
Exit
Index
Topic Page
Well control
Driller's method
In the second kill method, the influx is pumped out of the wellbore after recording the shut-in pressures and pit volume increase, but before weighting up the drilling fluid. Once the influx has been pumped out of the well, the well is shut-in and the surface mud system is weighted up to the required kill weight. This procedure is also called the two-circulation method.
Concurrent method
The third kill method requires weighting up the surface system while circulating out the influx. Once kill weight has been pumped to the bit, then final circulating pressure is maintained on the drill pipe gauge until the influx is out of the wellbore and kill weight mud is returning at the surface. Kill sheet. Complete the prerecorded and recorded information sections. Then calculate the kill weight mud and the initial and final circulating pressures. See Figures 18-1 and 18-2 for an example of a kill sheet.
18-4
Exit
Index
Topic Page
PRE-RECORDED INFORMATION
Pump No.1 Pump No 2
Original Mud Weight (OMW) _____ lb/gal True Vertical Depth (TVD) _____ ft Measured Depth (MD) _____ ft
Surface to Bit ___ bbls ___ stks ___ stks Bit to Surface ___ bbls ___ stks ___ stks Totals ___ bbls ___ stks ___ stks Pump No. 2 _____ bbl/stk KRS _____ spm KRS _____ spm MACP _____ psi KRP _____ psi KRP _____ psi
Pump No. 1 _____ bbl/stk KRS _____ spm KRS _____ spm SHOE: Test _____ lb/gal KRP _____ psi KRP _____ psi Depth _____ ft
Bit to Shoe _____
RECORDED INFORMATION
SIDPP _______ psi SICP _______ psi Pit Gain _______
KILL CALCULATIONS
Kill Weight Mud (KWM) =
SIDPP ( ) + OMW: 0.052 x TVD 0.052 x (

( )
+ ( + (
) = ____ ) = ____ psi ) = ____ psi
Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) = SIDPP + KRP: Final Circulating Pressure (FCP) =
KWM x KRP: OMW
( (
) )
x (
Figure 18-1: Sample kill sheet. The top half of a kill sheet is a work sheet for necessary kill calculations.
Where C C C C C C C C C C C OMW is the original mud weight (lb/gal) TVD is the true vertical depth (ft) MD is the measured depth (ft) stks is strokes spm is strokes per minute KRS is the kill rate speed (spm) KRP is kill rate pressure (psi) MACP is the maximum allowable casing pressure (psi) SIDPP is the shut in drill pipe pressure (psi) SICP is the shut in casing pressure (psi) KWM is kill weight mud (lb/gal)
18-5
Exit
Index
Topic Page
Well control
PRESSURE SCHEDULE
INITIAL CIRCULATING PRESSURE
FINAL CIRCULATING PRESSURE
Pump Strokes Drill Pipe Pressure
Figure 18-2: Sample kill sheet, continued. Using the values derived from the kill sheet calculations, plan the pressure relief schedule.
18-6
Exit
Index
Topic Page
Kick control problems

While controlling a kick, some of the problems that can occur include: C C C C C C C C Lost circulation Plugged jets Washed-out choke Plugged choke Washout in the drillstring Gas migration Off-bottom bit Gas hydrate formation
These problems can result from the increased pressure and heavy kill-weight mud. In some cases, more than one problem can occur. Use Table 18-1 to determine the source of problems during a kill procedure.
Indication Situation
Total circulation loss Partial circulation loss Choke plugging Jet plugging Choke washout Drillstring washout
Drillpipe pressure
Major decrease Major decrease Major increase Major increase Major decrease Major decrease
Casing pressure
Major decrease Decrease Major increase No change Major decrease No change
Pump rate
Increase Increase Decrease Decrease Increase Increase
Table 18-1: Kill procedure problem indicators. Use these guidelines to quickly identify problems in well-control situations.
Solutions for dealing with a lost circulation problem are detailed in the chapter titled Lost circulation.
18-7

18 Well Control

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

18 Well Control

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

18 Well Control

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are some warning signs of a kick?

What are some warning signs of a kick?

What are the basic methods for killing a well?

What are the basic methods for killing a well?

Exit

Chapter Table of Contents

Handbook Table of Contents

Chapter Table of Contents

Handbook Table of Contents

Chapter Table of Contents

Handbook Table of Contents

Baroid fluids handbook

Revised August 1, 1997

Chapter Table of Contents

Handbook Table of Contents

Chapter Table of Contents

Handbook Table of Contents

Baroid fluids handbook

Bit to Shoe _____

SIDPP ( ) + OMW: 0.052 x TVD 0.052 x (

) = ____ ) = ____ psi ) = ____ psi

KWM x KRP: OMW

Revised August 1, 1997

Chapter Table of Contents

Handbook Table of Contents

INITIAL CIRCULATING PRESSURE

FINAL CIRCULATING PRESSURE

Pump Strokes Drill Pipe Pressure

Chapter Table of Contents

Handbook Table of Contents

Baroid fluids handbook

Kick control problems

Revised August 1, 1997

You might also like

) = ) = psi ) = psi