Executive Summary

Executive Summary INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & INVESTMENT PLAN for ANEKAL TOWN 1. OVERVIEW Infrastructure Development and Investment Plan (ID&IP) for 146 ULBs in Karnataka for a 25 year design period is a project aimed at conceptualizing a perspective plan, development strategy & investment programme for infrastructure for the next 25 years period to match the developmental needs of the 146 ULBs of Karnataka. This Report pertains to Anekal TMC and highlights sectoral plans, investments and financing strategies for Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation, Storm Water Drains, Roads, Traffic and Transportation and Streetlights over design period of 25 years (2009-2033). The report also covers existing infrastructure in notified slums and implementation status of poverty alleviation programs for urban poor in Anekal town. The report is based on the data collected from Anekal TMC and other departments at district and State level and discussions with the stakeholders. 2. TOWN PROFILE Anekal Town Municipal Council (TMC1) is a taluk headquarters of Bangalore Urban district. Known for its power looms and Karaga festival, Anekal is located 45 Km from Bangalore city. Anekal, located at 12.7 N 77.7 E on the south of Bangalore Urban district, is bounded by Tamil Nadu state in the south, Bangalore city in north, Bangalore rural district in north-west. The TMC jurisdiction extends up to 14.35 Sq Km, with a population of 33157(Census 2001) within 23 wards. Anekal is well connected by road network to Bangalore city towards north, Hosur road on its east and Mysore road on its west, Attibele and Sarjapur to its north east. The SH-35 from South to Attibele and SH-85 from Bangalore to Hosur intersects at Anekal. The Chennai metre gauge line is passing through the major towns Hosur, 16 kms from Anekal. Anekal derives its name from mythology which means hailstone. The town was founded in about 1603 by Chikka Thimme Gowda, The town was conquered by Bijapur in 1638 and subsequently Shahji Bhosle of Marathas secured Anekal and its surroundings (including Bangalore region) as a jahagir. After 50 years of Maratha rule, Bangalore region was conquered by the Mughuls in 1686. The region was leased to the Mysore ruler Chikkadevaraya by the Mughuls in 1689 and Chikkadevaraya expanded the fort to the south. This new fort in granite was strengthened by Haider who secured Bangalore as jahagir in 1759. The British conquered Bangalore region in 1799 after defeating Tipu Sultan. Later Anekal and Bangalore region was annexed by Mysore. Muthyalamaduvu (also known as Pearl Valley), a picnic spot with a small waterfall is five Km from the Anekal. Anekal is also called as "Ragiya Kanaja" which means Ragi Depot of Karnataka State.

Town Municipal Council = 20000 to 50000 population

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3. INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT 3.1. Water Supply The source of water to Anekal TMC is ground water. There is no surface water source available within or near the municipal area. Present water supply system in Anekal TMC which draws water from bore wells (design capacity of 3.6 MLD) was planned in 2003 by KUWSSB at the cost of Rs. 333.84 lakhs funded by HUDCO grants. At present, water supply in the town is daily for 1 to 2 hours at 25 lpcd (litres per capita per day), Population depends on the water supply through private tankers to meet their daily requirement of water on other days. The inadequate services have put a tremendous strain on Anekal, present situation of potable water supply. The town has 73 bore wells, the water from these wells is treated with alum for reducing the turbidity and chlorine, before it gets pumped into overhead tanks (OHTs) for distribution. Potable water abstracted from 25 bore wells for supply to Anekal TMC is only 1.2 MLD against the present daily demand of 7.2 MLD. Anekal TMC has a storage capacity of 2.6 MLD, comprising of 4 OHTs and 4 Sumps which supplies water to all the 23 wards. The length of distribution mains system is 145 kms. The existing network covers 80 percent of TMC area. Out of 6187 properties (2006-07) 51 percent have domestic water connections. Presently the potable supply is 1.2 MLD through 25 bore wells which is inadequate to meet 7.27 MLD (gap of 6.07 MLD) supply. The projected population at the end of the design period (2033) is 84672. The demand of water in the year 2033 will be 14.46 MLD. In order to meet the supply demand of 14.46 MLD, the water supply scheme need to be augmented with identified source of supply.The alternate water supply sources identified for Anekal were Yebba Halla Valley and Jakkana Halla valley. Jakkana Halla valley feeds the Bommanahalli Lake, (8 kms from Anekal) in Arakavathi river basin area. Bommanahalli lake is 177 hectares with live capacity of 19.67 Mc ft with water spread area of 16.18 ha and used for irrigation purposes. Since it is mainly dependent on rain and used for irrigation, more reliable water source2 was identified in Yebba Halla Valley which originates upstream of the Jakkanahalla valley. Yebba Halla is examined 3 in detail here. Water needs to be extracted from this source from the nearest village namely Huruganadoddi (11kms distance from Anekal). The new water supply designed to extract around 15 MLD (considering lpcd 135 in 2033). There is the reserve forest between Huruganadoddi to Anekal town, therefore the pipeline route4 needs to be decided keeping into consideration the reserve forest area (forest departments norms discourage pipeline excavation /tree felling in reserve forests) therefore estimated length is of about 15 Km, (4 Kms of pipeline length is added to the 11 Km route avoiding reserve forest area) There is a level difference of more than 100 m from this Source to Anekal town.

Source: Surface Water data centre, Water Resources Development organization , Bangalore , Inflow and Yield computation provided in following pages. 3 In consultation with Engineers of Minor Irrigation Department, GoK and Anekal TMC Junior Engineer 4 A detailed survey needs to be carried out to fix the route for the pipe line. Level difference need to be accounted for during DPR stage

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Rain water harvesting and Ground Water recharge5 for existing and new constructions has been considered. 3.2. Sewerage System Anekal TMC does not have under ground drainage (UGD) system, most of the house holds depend on septic tanks for sewerage disposal. Around 3050 households are provided with individual sanitation facility i.e. septic tank and rest of the town residents are using the existing public toilets or resort to open air defecation. Most of the night soil is washed out through the existing drains causing nuisance and health hazard in the entire TMC area. The development is very dense and household area small; there is no space for providing LCS unit in individual houses in town center. In such cases, people do not prefer to have LCS units. A 100 percent UGD coverage is considered for Anekal TMC. The entire TMC area has been considered to be provided with underground sewerage network with pipes of varying diameter as per requirement. In order to treat the total volume of sewage generated by the year 2033 construction of 12 MLD capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is required. STP has been designed to be economical as well as eco-friendly. 3.3. Storm Water Drainage Anekal TMC has road side storm water drains of 31.57 Km constituting 50 percent of roads (including PWD/ Other agency roads). These drains are pucca open type drains. The sewage and sullage water generated by households, shops, etc, get mixed up with the rainwater. During dry season, the drains carry the sullage water and other wastewater from various establishments. Due to lack of or appropriately located storm water drains creates health hazards due to water stagnation, creating breeding sites for many diseases. The storm water drainage has been designed considering 828 mm maximum rainfall in the area. The existing drains of 39 Km need to be renovated and new road side drains (of 18.33 Km) to be constructed. 3.4. Traffic & Transport Anekal town has total well developed road network of 69.65 Km of which 7.5 Km is maintained by the PWD. About 74 percent of the roads are un-surfaced or earthen. Out of total length of the Municipal roads, 4.20 Km are Cement Concrete road, 11.50 Km are Tar road. 17.6 Km are WBM road and 28.85 Km are earthen road. Apart from Municipal roads all other State Highways are black top roads. The four major roads radiating from Anekal are: Bangalore-Bannerghatta road, Attibele-Chandapur road, Thalli road and Hosur road. The road network in Anekal comprises of other important town roads. Table no. 36 indicates the name of the road and its average width of carriageway. All the roads had undivided carriageways. Effective carriageways width reduced due to illegal parking and other informal activities. ROW violations were found to be common across the town. The town roads lack signals, signage and footpaths.
5

Rain water harvesting a technique widely prevalent in ancient India is being rediscovered and revived in India and can be used for ground water recharge. A dried bore well, a row of soak pits or a tank--concealed below the ground- are all that is needed The open spaces rooftops, paved or unpaved area, water bodies etc - can be used as catchments.

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Two wheelers, cars/jeeps and Autos constitute 72 percent of the traffic. Cycles constitute only 12 percent of total traffic. Public transports i.e. bus/trucks constitutes 13 percent of total vehicular traffic. The bus system is the main public transport mode. Other major public transport mode is auto-rickshaws. Authorized parking facility is not available in the TMC area. Parking facility is also not available in the government buildings, commercial and institutional areas and on-street parking is often noticed. The improvements proposed in Anekal town for the transportation sector varies from road development to traffic improvement of intersections, strengthening and widening, resurfacing of the roads and junction improvements of 38.57 Km in Phase I & 38 Km in Phase II is proposed in town. 3.5. Street Lighting Anekal has 1623 streetlights. Tube lights constitute 80 percent of existing lights. The remaining 20 percent are sodium vapour lamps. Anekal TMC also has installed about 112 High Mast lights at important junctions and other places throughout the town, making the town adequately lit. A present gap of 3019 street lights is identified in the town. Streetlights coverage area is only 35 % of the town. There is inadequate street lighting in peripheral/newly developing areas and slums. 3.6. Solid Waste Management As per the survey conducted by Anekal TMC in 2007-08, 16tonnes of solid waste (including construction waste and street sweeping) is generated in the town. The per capita waste generated is 350 gm/day. About 25 percent of the waste is inorganic and recyclable waste. TMC estimates that 57 percent waste is generated by households (about 7000 kg/day). Commercial establishments contribute approximately about 4000 kg/day. Street sweeping accumulates 2.5 tons of the total waste. As per the current practice, solid waste is not segregated. Door to door collection is also not practiced. Majority of population dump their waste on to open vacant sites. The management of solid waste activities (include sweeping the wards, drain cleaning, uprooting of plants and collecting of garbage from different wards) is outsourced on annual basis. 40 sanitary sweepers employed by the contractor covers 23 wards. The waste generated from Anekal town collected from various sources is disposed in low laying areas near Doddakere at almost 200-300 mts and road side on the outskirts of TMC limits. Other places where dumping is rampant are the Hompalaghatta and on Hosur road. Anekal TMC collects about 50 percent of total waste generated (8 tons of 16 tons) at present there is no door to door collection system, and waste is collected through open community bins which are inadequate. Local population dumps the waste haphazardly in drains or open spaces. As a result, drains are clogged and silted. Frequency of collection is also irregular ranging from 2-10 days. Door to door collection (100%) to be introduced by Anekal TMC with support from NGOs. Community bins should be placed in such a way that it covers the maximum area. Segregation of waste at household level or at the secondary storage points. Street sweeping and collection of waste to be done on a daily basis.

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4. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE The town has adequate education and health facilities, and Bannergatta National Park is located on Bangalore-Bannergatta Road, 7 Km from Anekal town. Pearly Valley located 8 Km from Anekal town attracts tourists from various destinations. There are no major markets in the town. Most of the commercial activities are concentrated along the roads. There is no Fire Station in Anekal at present Fire services are availed from Chandapur and Bommanahalli, 20 kms from Anekal. 5. POVERTY ALLEVIATION There are 9 slums within Anekal TMC limits out of which are declared with a population of 9306. Presence of slums are predominately noted in 20, 21, 22 and 23 wards in the southern part of city around chikkere lake bed area and alongside Hosur road towards Tamil Nadu and Attibele-Hosur road towards Bangalore. Majority of Poor citizens of Anekal are SC/ST (60%) and illiterate (46%). Large numbers of slum population (74%) are daily wagers with a maximum family income in the range of just Rs. 1500- 2500. The provision of community toilets, community bathrooms and community taps are considered for the slum areas. 6. ID&IP FOR ANEKAL The ID&IP for Anekal town defines the vision for overall development and identifies the sector-wise goals and strategies. Within the framework of this long term vision, this section details out the total sector wise investment required to cater to a designed population of 0.85 Lakhs up to a design period of 2033. The total investment required for the town is Rs. 421.98 Crores. The costing is done based Empowered Committee Guidelines, KUIDFC. The project costing under various sectors and the phasing of the investment is summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1: Proposed Sector-wise Investment Plan & Phasing (Rs. in Lakhs)

Sector Water Supply + Impounding structure Ground Water and Rain water Harvesting Sewerage and Sanitation Storm Water Drains Roads, Traffic and Transportation Street Lights Solid Waste Management Slum Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Total Infrastructure Development Cost

Amount (Rs. Lakhs) 8273.00 1663.27 13278.00 1420.24 6605.92 235.57 233.08 2152.00 8337.00 42198.08

Phase 1 (20092013) 5831.00 1663.27 11318.00 778.21 2299.68 165.28 233.08 1112.00 4220.00 27620.52

Phase 2 Phase 3 (2013(20182018) 2033) 1253.00 0.00 800.00 642.03 1840.05 49.50 0.00 1040.00 1560.00 7184.58 1189.00 0.00 1160.00 0.00 2466.19 20.79 0.00 0.00 2557.00 7392.98

An assessment of the existing level of infrastructure and current service levels in the town formed the basis for the infrastructure development programme and associated investment plan for the next 25 years. The sector-wise investments and the total investment requirements of town is an outcome of the current levels of services, the demand for infrastructure for the next

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25 years and the needs of the people. The project prioritization is based on the assessment of the critical needs of infrastructure, the assessed financial & technical capacity of the ULB and outcomes of stakeholder consultative workshops.