Urban Development and Housing Department Government of Bihar

City Development Plan (2010-30) SASARAM

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CDP Prepared By:

Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar

(A Government of Bihar Initiative)

Supported by DFID, United Kingdom

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Overview
Sasaram is believed to be named after the sage Parashurama and the legendary King
Sahastrabahu. Sasaram was also the birthplace of Sher Shah Suri, who ruled Delhi from 1540 to 1545 AD. The town is located in the south western part of Bihar and is the district headquarters of Rohtas District. The Kaimur Hills (12 km from the town) and the Kudra River are located towards the south. The southern part of the town has a rough topography with a slope from north to south and including areas such as Tara Chandi Hill and Chandan Shaheed or Peer while the northern and central town area is mostly plain.

Location of Rohtas District

Sasaram is located on NH-2 (Shershah Suri Marg) and is regionally connected with Delhi and Kolkata. The NH-2 runs in an east-west direction dividing the town into two parts. The town is connected to Patna on NH-30 via Arrah through SH-12. The town is also connected with Varanasi on the west and Gaya and Bodhgaya on the east through NH-2. Sasaram has a railway station located in the city centre on the Grand Trunk Road. This is an important station on the Grand Chord Broad Gauge Line of the Eastern Railway and is linked by rail to all the major cities in India. Sasaram is a Nagar Parishad with an area of 10.90 sq km. It is divided into 40 wards and has an estimated population of 178719 (2011). The town has a number of water bodies and heritage sites. The competitive advantage of Sasaram lies in its good connectivity and the historical importance of the town. The town has several National and State Highways, especially the Grand Trunk Road (now NH 2), that support its connectivity to other parts of the state and region. The town has a rich heritage that can potentially yield greater tourist attraction.

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 1 of 15

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CITY VISION The vision for Aurangabad was derived on the basis of the status assessment of the city, stakeholder consultations and focused group discussions. Participatory consultations during the visioning process concluded that there is need to revive growth and improve the overall quality of life of its citizens. The identified Vision is as follows: Sasaram is visualized to be tourist destination prominently appearing on the tourism map of the Bihar; a regional service cum commercial centre with well-defined heritage & leisure destinations; a thriving sustained economy based on tourism, handloom and allied activities supported by quality basic physical & social infrastructure for citizenry and visiting tourist. The identified vision forms the basis of sector-specific strategies adopted in framing the action plan.

Demography
The population of Sasaram city was 131172 in 2001 and it has been steadily increasing over the years. The population growth rate in the town till 1951 was low but in the last three decades there has been a tremendous increase in the growth of population. Sasaram is a tourist place as well as an administrative head quarter. It is estimated that the floating population of the town is about 1012%. The density of population is high at 12034 persons per sq.km. The central core of the town and the south eastern part are very congested. Based on population figures from Census 1961 to 2001, a population projection has been done using three different methods namely, Arithmetic Increase method, Geometric Method and Exponential Graphic Increase method that was found to be the most suitable in terms of trends identified through the census. The estimated projection shows that the population of Aurangabad will increase to about 3.22 lakhs (approx.) by year 2030.

2001

2011

2021

2031

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 2 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Sector Assessments & Growth Strategies

A) Water Supply
Ground water is the main source of water in Strategies: The CDP suggests: Sasaram. Sasaram has two pumping stations The design of a comprehensive water the Bajjala pumping station to the north and supply augmentation scheme the Karwandia pumping station to the south. Achievement of target of 100 lpcd supply in The water is stored in 3 over head tanks with a Phase-I and 135 lpcd in Phase-II capacity of 5 lakh gallons each. The present Minimisation of transmission losses demand is 17.87 MLD. The present supply is 6.7 Ground water recharging through rain MLD. The town is divided into two water water harvesting, conserving water bodies distribution zones the Northern and Southern and controlling ground water extraction distribution zones. The total length of the Recycling of treated waste water and distribution network is 52km (4.3km in the promoting use through installation of dual Northern Zone and 25km in the Southern Zone pipelines the remaining are Rising Main and Jail Reduction of non-revenue water; Pipeline. The water supply duration is about 4 introduction of metering and recovery of O hours per day. Chlorination is the only form of & M costs through realistic user charges treatment practiced at present. The town has one tube well in the Northern Zone and four tube wells in the Southern Zone. Water does not attract a separate charge the municipality charges a flat fee of Rs. 700 as connection charges.
Detailed Project Phase-I (2011-16) Quantity Investment (in Rs. Crore) 10km 2.50 0.50 52km 5.20 34km 5.10 1.02 1Nos. 1.60 4Nos. 2Nos. Phase-II (2016-21) Quantity Investment (In Rs. Crore) 15km 2.25 0.45 6.00 1.20 1.44 3.20 9.48 2.40 26.41

Main W/S pipeline Fixtures and Fittings (20% of Main) Up-gradation of existing pipeline Distribution W/S pipeline Fixtures and Fittings (20% of Distribution Line) Construction of underground Tank, Pump house with 4 no. of pump sets (Raw Water) Overhead reservoirs (10 lakh capacity each) Pumps and pumping station (20% of OHR) Fixtures and Fittings (20% OHT + Pumps) Underground reservoirs Filtration / treatment works (40 MLD capacity) Contingency Charges (10% ) Sub Total Grand Total

8.00 3Nos. 1.60 1.92 3.20 2Nos. 11.78 4.24 46.66 Rs. 73.07 crores

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 3 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

B) Sewerage and Sanitation

Sasaram has no organised sewerage Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are: system. The absence of a systematic Provision of community and public toilets at wastewater disposal system has led to appropriate locations through PPP wherever waste water and sullage into the possible rivers/storm water drains that are mostly Design of an integrated city-wide network that open. It is estimated that 70% of includes collection, treatment, disposal of households have access to toilets. Sasaram waste water town has 3 public conveniences. It is Integrated planning and implementation of estimated that the current waste water supply-drainage-sewerage-SWM to generation is about 14.29 MLD and this is optimize the benefits including recycling and projected to increase to 34.79 MLD. At reuse present, waste water and sullage are Exploring incentives for use of recycled water discharged into the Sher Shah Suri canal and other nallahs and drains. The present system is inadequate and poses a potential threat to overall health and hygiene. Project Phase I (2011-2016) Phase II (2016-2021) Phase III (2021-2030)

Quantity Investment (In Quanti Investment (In Quantity Investment Rs. Crores) ty Rs. Crores) (In Rs. Crores) Main Pipe line installation 10 Km 10 Secondary & Collector line 50 Km 17.5 26 km 9.1 15 Km 5.25 1 nos. of treatment plant of 50 MLD Community Toilet Public Toilet Sub Total Grand Total 8 Nos. 2 Nos. 0.2 0.1 27.80 1 Nos. 2 Nos. 25 0.05 34.15 Rs. 67.20 crores 5.25

C) Storm Water Drainage

The drainage system in general is inadequate. Sasaram town has only 7.65 kms of drains covering 20% of its area 4.65km of drains are pucca and 3km are kutcha. All carry mixed waste water and sullage. The drains open into the Sher Shah Suri Canal and other low lying areas of the town. Water logging is a problem in the Canal Area especially in the rainy season. Other water
EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are: Design of a drainage disposal system to reduce the pollution load in the Sher Shah Suri Canal Construction of new drains and strengthening existing drains on priority Installation of waste water treatment plants

Page 4 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

logging prone areas include the south and old market areas and low lying areas along Gandhi Path, Bauliya Road, GT Road and Bus Stand Area. Project Quantity Main drain line installation 10 km Secondary & Tertiary drains 154.35km Strengthening of existing drains Construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant of 5 MLD capacity each Sub Total Grand Total 7.65km 1Nos. Phase I (2011-2016) Investment (In Rs. Crores) 3.00 30.87 0.38 0.25 34.50 Rs. 40.75 crores Quantity 30km 1 Nos. Phase II (2016-2021) Investment (In Rs. Crores) 6.00 0.25 6.25

D) Solid Waste Management

It is estimated that Sasaram generates about 44.67 tonnes of garbage per day. Garbage generation is expected to increase to 112.36 tonnes per day by 2030. About 40% of the waste generated is collected while the rest is unattended. Collection of wastes Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are: is mainly through street Introduction of door to door collection in phases sweepings and secondary Segregation of wastes with separate bins at major collection sites collections from 25 dustbins in Mechanisation of waste handling different parts of the city. The Development of sanitary landfill ULB uses 40 thelas and 40 cycle Involvement of private sector in solid waste management rickshaws for collection. The Effective IEC campaigns to support interventions waste is manually loaded into open tractors for disposal. The ULB has 5 bullock carts, 5 Tippers and 3 tractors to collect and transport garbage. The ULB has not identified any sites for disposal of wastes and most of it is dumped along roads. Identified Projects Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)

Solid Waste Management (Operational Cost from Collection to Disposal) Vehicles and Equipments 800 Nos. related to collection, transportation & disposal *

Quantity Investment Quantity Investment Quantity Investment (In Rs. Crore) (In Rs. Crore) (In Rs. Crore) 13.69 -

3.95

400

1.98

242

1.19

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 5 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Landfill Site Development Sub Total Grand Total

0.04 17.68

1.98

1.19

Rs. 20.85 crores

* Community bins, Containers, handcarts, tricycles, dumper, trailer, bulldozer, compacters, excavators etc.

E) Roads, Traffic, and Transportation

Sasaram has a total road length of 86 Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are: kms of which 46km is pucca and 40km Removal of encroachments to increase road width kutcha. The carriageway is narrow on Conversion of existing kutchha road to pucca account of encroachments and on-street road; construction of new roads and construction parking. The major roads in the town run of link roads where required Improvement and/or development of in an east-west direction (Old GT Road), intersections the Gandhi Path, Bauliya Road and Sher Construction of new footpaths along all the major Shah Suri Road are the main rods roads and secondary roads running in a north to south direction. Organised parking About 70% of traffic in the town is Installation of street lights; signages attributable to cycles and pedestrians. Preparation of a Comprehensive Mobility Plan Some important junctions in the city are Dharamshala or Gandhi Chowk, Bauliya Chowk, Gola Bazar Chowk, Post Office Chowk, Bus Stand Chowk, Dak Bungalow Chowk these needs to be upgraded and developed. Sasaram has one bus stand along the GT Road. Phase -I (2011-2016) Quantity Up gradation of Bus Terminal Truck Terminal Footpaths (Rs. 1000/sq. m.) Parking lots (4 nos.) Construction of passenger sheds Up-gradation and Strengthening of roads within the city and for missing links. New Road and Link Road construction Repairing of the city Road Signage, Road Markings and Pedestrian Crossing etc Foot Over Bridge Phase -II (2016-2021) Phase -III (2021-2030)

Project

Investment Investment Investment (In (In Rs. Quantity (In Rs. Quantity Rs. Crores) Crores) Crores) 1Nos. 2.50 1 Nos. 15.00 10 1.50 10 1.50 2 5.00 2 5.00 6 40 33 6 1 0.60 20.80 16.50 0.12 0.50 2 15 13 5 1 0.20 22.50 6.50 0.10 0.50 -

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 6 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Junctions and Traffic signal improvement Comprehensive Mobility Plan Sub Total Grand Total

5 -

2.00 64.52

3 1

1.20

0.50 38.00 Rs. 102.52 crores

F) Street Lighting and Fire Fighting

Street lighting is inadequate with only 27 street light points and 3 high mast light points. Phase -I (2011-2016) Quantity Phase -II (2016-2021) Phase -III (2021-2030)

Project

Conventional street lights Solar lights Sub Total Grand Total

Investment Investment Investment (In (In Rs. Quantity (In Rs. Quantity Rs. Crores) Crores) Crores) 1500 Nos. 4.50 800 Nos. 2.40 190 Nos. 0.57 500 Nos. 2.00 250 Nos. 1.00 100 Nos. 0.40 6.50 3.40 0.97 Rs. 10.87 crores

G) Housing and Urban Poverty

Sasaram has 92 slums with a population of 41119 Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP (SPUR Survey December 2010). Approximately 25% are: of the citys population reside in slums. Only 21% of Access to basic infrastructure including slums have access to a toilet facility while open housing defecation is the norm in the other slums. Water Integrated development of slums with supply is mainly through hand pumps, public and the town private. The slums do not have any drainage facilities Provision of community toilets where and, only 24km of road length is available in the 92 individual toilets are not possible slums. None of the slums have organised solid waste. In general, access to infrastructure is poor leading to unhygienic conditions in slums. Detailed Project Phase-I (2011-16) Quantity Housing for poor Grand Total 2500 Nos. Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)

Investment Quantity Investment Quantity Investment (In (In Rs. Crore) (In Rs. Crore) Rs. Crore) 25.00 2000 Nos. 20.00 1454 Nos. 14.54

Rs. 59.54 crore

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 7 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

H) Social Infrastructure
An assessment of social infrastructure in Sasaram was done. The town has 3 Cinema Halls, 3 Post Offices, 2 Playgrounds, 1 Multipurpose Community Hall, 3 Public Libraries and 2 Parks (Nehru Childrens Park and Sher Shah Park). Sasaram has 5 colleges, 1 General Hospital (100 bed). There are limited facilities for specialized medical treatment in the town. Detailed Project Phase-I (2011-16) Quantity Multipurpose/ Community Hall Neighborhood Parks Recreational Centers City Park Playgrounds Night Shelters Welcome Gate Fire Station Cremation Ground Sub Total Grand Total 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 1 Nos. 1 Nos. 1 Nos. 1 Nos. 2 Nos. 1 Nos. 3 Nos. Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are: Development of recreational facilities Development of city park & open spaces Installation of Entry and Exit Gates Night shelters for the poor

Phase-II (2016-21)

Phase-III (2021-30)

Investment Quantity Investment Quantity Investment Requirements Requirements Requirements (In Rs. Crore) (In Rs. Crore) (In Rs. Crore) 1.00 1 Nos. 0.50 1 Nos. 0.50 0.75 1.50 0.40 0.20 0.05 0.07 5.00 0.15 9.12 2 Nos. 1Nos. 1 Nos. 2 Nos. 0.50 0.04 5.00 0.10 1.14 Rs. 16.45 crores 1 Nos. 1 Nos. 1 Nos. 0.25 0.40 0.05 6.20

I) Local Economy
It is estimated that the workforce participation in the town is 22.68%. Main workers account for 88% and marginal workers 12%. This region is known as Dhaan ka katora (Bowl of Food Grains). Trade and commerce constitutes the major economic base Sasaram serves as a regional trade and commercial centre. The commodities traded are food grains, cloth, ornaments, building materials, medicines. The major markets in the town are Gandhi Chowk Market, Chaukhandi, Gola Market and Navratan Bazar. The government services also provide some Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are: Development of organised market complexes Promotion of household and small scale units Development of agricultural produce processing units Establishment of permanent platforms for weekly vegetable market

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 8 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

employment opportunities. There are some small and medium scale units stone mining, rice polishing, flour mills, wooden furniture, iron rods (gates, windows etc). Most of these economic activities are unorganized adding to the overall haphazard development in the town. Detailed Project Phase-I (2011-16) Quantity Investment Required (In Rs. Crore) 1.20 15.00 Phase-II (2016-21) Quantity Investment Required (In Rs. Crore) 2 Nos. 0.80 -

Renovation of existing municipal 3 Nos. Markets Construction of Industrial Sheds / 75 Nos. of Promotion Zone to accommodate 250 50 sq m household and small scale Units/ each industries with storage Shopping / Commercial Complex 1 Nos. Platforms for Weekly Market/ Vegetable 1 Nos. Sub Total Grand Total

5.00 1 Nos. 2.00 2 Nos. 23.20 Rs. 33.00 crores

5.00 4.00 9.80

J) Heritage and Tourism

Rohtas district has a rich history dating Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are: back to the pre-historic era. Tourism is Inclusion of Sasaram in the tourist circuit of the not developed here but there is a huge state potential for development. Some of the Conservation and development of existing tourist places of historic and religious sites Development of adequate infrastructure and importance in and around Sasaram facilities for tourists include the tomb of Sher Shah Suri, the Rohtas Fort, the Chaurasan Mandir, the tomb of Chandan Shaheed, the Tara Chandi Hill Temple, the Gurudwara Takshal Sangat, the Gupteshwar cave, Deo Marjandeya, Bhaluni Dham etc. Detailed Project Conservation of heritage sites and tombs (Sher Shah Suri, Hasan Shah Suri etc.) conservation, street scaping, development of water bodies, pathways etc. Redevelopment and up-gradation of temples and religious places Preservation of Sher Shah Suri Canal (bioremediation, landscaping, pathways etc.) Sub Total Grand Total Phase I (2011-16) Investment Required (In Rs. Crore) 30.00 Phase II (2016-21) Investment Required (In Rs. Crore) -

3.20 6.00 3.00 Rs. 39.20 crore

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 9 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial Position of the Local Body

The revenue income of the Sasaram Nagar Parishad was Rs. 81.24 lakh in 2008-09 and this increased to Rs. 453.67 lakh in 2009-10. However, income from tax sources has been erratic it was Rs. 120.52 in 2009-10 and reducing to Rs. 61.00 lakhs in 2010-11. The average growth in tax revenue was 20.07% per annum; non tax income registered a growth of 19.96% per year. The tax component accounts for 33.25% of the total income and the non-tax component accounts for 26.32% of the total income. The average tax collection efficiency has been estimated at 9.18% underlining the need for stringent measures for improvement. Expenditure on salaries and wages constitute the largest spend. Development expenditure accounted for as little as Rs. 5 lakh in 2010-11. Municipal Income Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11* *Annual Growth Rate Total Owned Assigned Rev, Rev Total Revenue Capital Total Income (Rs. Grants & Other income Income (Rs. Grants (Rs. Income Lakhs) (Rs. Lakhs) Lakhs) Lakhs ) (Rs. Lakhs) 78.39 2.85482 81.24 0 81.24 173.43 280.23 453.67 0 453.67 117.00 149.00 266.00 0 266.00 20.02 197.74 59.30 59.30

Municipal Expenditure Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11* Annual Growth Rate Key Parameters Total Income (Rs. Lakhs) 2008-09 81.24 2009-2010 453.67 2010-11 266.00 Average Year Total Expenditure (Rs. Lakhs) 85.87 87.45 90.00 Surplus /Deficit (Rs. Lakhs) -4.63 366.22 176.00 Income from Financial Own Sources (Rs. Sustainability Lakhs) (%) -5.69 78.39 -9.54 80.72 173.43 50.42 66.17 117.00 76.92 47.07 39.27 % Non Development Expenses (Rs. Lakhs) 81.38 82.71 85.00 2.17 Development Expenditure (Rs. Lakhs) 85.87 87.45 90.00 2.35 Total Expenditure (Rs. Lakhs) 85.87 87.45 90.00 2.35

Key Findings: The key findings in municipal finance identified in the CDP are: 91.69% of expenditure is for non developmental purposes and only 8.31% is for development purposes Average surplus with the ULB is 54.89% in the last three decades The share of own resources in total income is about 20.02% On an average 39.27% of expenditure is financed by own sources of the ULB
EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited Page 10 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

The total funding over the life of the CDP period, i.e. up to year 2030, is estimated at Rs. 467.41 crore. Sector-wise details of the investments have been defined for the entire period. The scheduling or phasing of the CIP is based on the analysis of fiscal resources for new investments and O&M, technical capacity for construction and the choice of specific improvements to be taken up over the CDP period. About 22% of the capital investment estimate is envisaged for roads and transportation; 16% for water supply and 14% for sewerage and sanitation.
Sectors Investment Required (Rs crore) Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III 2011-2016 2016-2021 2021-2030 23.20 9.80 0 46.66 26.41 27.80 34.15 5.25 34.50 6.25 0 17.68 1.98 1.19 64.52 38.00 0.00 6.50 3.40 0.97 9.12 1.14 6.20 25.00 20.00 14.54 39.20 0 0 3.95 0 0 298.13 63.78 141.12 30.19 28.15 6.02 Total Sector-wise Distribution (%) 7.06 15.63 14.38 8.72 4.46 21.93 2.33 3.52 12.74 8.39 0.84 100.00

Economic Development Water Supply Sewerage and Sanitation Drainage Solid Waste Management Roads and Transportation Street Lights and Power Social Infrastructure Services to Urban Poor Heritage and Conservation E-governance and Municipal Reforms TOTAL Phase-wise Distribution (%)

33.00 73.07 67.20 40.75 20.85 102.52 10.87 16.46 59.54 39.20 3.95 467.41 100.00

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 11 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial Operating Plan (FOP)

The investment capacity of the Sasaram Nagar Parishad is assessed through a Financial Operating Plan (FOP) that gives a multi-year forecast of finances of the local body for the short term period. The FOP is generated to assess the investment-sustaining capacity of the ULB, if it adopts a project funding structure comprising grants with internal resources and loans accounting for the rest. The level of investment that the ULB can sustain is then determined by studying the overall surpluses/year-to-year opening balance and debt service coverage ratio (DSCR). An important aspect that needs to be considered in raising financial resources is beneficiary contribution. This practice has to be promoted and the concept of PPP also needs to be introduced to make the services sustainable. Thus a total investment of Rs. 298.13 crores in the short-term (2011-12 2015-16) can be pooled by implementing PPP this further decreases the financial burden of the ULB in the next five years.
Sector Amount (Rs Crore) 46.7 27.8 34.5 17.7 64.5 9.1 25.0 4.0 23.2 6.5 39.2 298.1 Funding Pattern (Rs. Crore) Other Funding sources GoB ULB including GOI 37.3 4.7 4.7 22.2 2.8 2.8 27.6 3.5 3.5 11.0 1.4 1.4 2.1 35.7 4.2 0.0 6.9 0.8 20.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 31.4 160.5 (53.8%) 2.5 3.6 4.5 5.9 3.9 75.2 (25.2%) 2.5 0.4 8.2 0.7 3.9 32.9 (11.0%) PPP 0.0 0.1 0.0 4.0 22.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 29.6 (9.9%)

Water Supply Sewerage and Sanitation Drainage SWM Transport Social Infrastructure Urban Poor E-Governance Economic Development Street Light Heritage & conservation Total

The FOP assumes that in the short term: At least 10% contribution of the overall fund requirement will be from the ULB Rs. 0.10 crores (Sewerage and Sanitation) for public toilets will be through PPP Rs. 4.00 crores (Solid Waste Management) towards vehicles and equipments will be through PPP Rs. 22.50 crores (Roads and Transportation) towards up-gradation of bus terminal, construction of truck terminal and parking lots will be through PPP The key considerations for the FOP are: At least 10% of the overall fund requirement will be from the ULB therefore, stringent steps and interventions are required to enhance its own resource base It is assumed that in cases where funding other than state government will be available (could be loans from financial institutions, central government, other funded programmes), there will be part contribution from the state government and the ULB will contribute at least 10% Emphasis to be on developing projects on PPP wherever possible
EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited Page 12 of 13

City Development Plan for Sasaram: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Overall Assessment
An overall assessment of the existing service delivery levels on various indicators. It is observed that in Sasaram town the service levels give a mixed scenario, but still inclining towards Below Average. Parameter 1 Status of Infrastructure and Service Delivery Levels Indicators Coverage of Water Supply Connections 30% Per Capita Availability of Water Continuity of Water Supply Coverage of Individual Toilets Door to Door Collection of SWM Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste Operating Ratio Growth in Revenue Income % of Below Poverty Line (BPL) Population Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff, competency level of existing staff for implementing proposed projects Leadership quality, awareness and understanding regarding urban sector, proactive approach for implementing reform measures Potential for Development, linkages to the state capital and other cities, status of existing infrastructure Status of Environment, quality of water, air Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen Forums/Welfare Association in municipal affairs Status of reform implementation and preparedness for implementation 25 30 LPCD 4 hrs 77.6% 0% 40% >1 59.3% approx.. 24% Observation Based Category Colour Code for Status

2 3 4

Financial Management Poverty Level Organization Structure Leadership

Observation Based

6 7 8 9

Economic Development Potential Environment Sustainability Participation Compliance with Reforms

Observation Based Observation Based Observation Based Consultants Analysis

Legend Alarming

Average

Below Average

Good

EXE CDP Prepared By: Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited

Page 13 of 13