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    Ship Squat

    Uploaded by

    Wisnu Kertaningnagoro
    Ship squat, the phenomenon where a ship sinks deeper in the water as it increases speed, is influenced by several key factors. Ship speed has the greatest effect, with squat increasing exponentially with speed. The block coefficient Cb, a measure of how block-like a ship's hull is, also directly impacts squat, with bulkier ships experiencing more. The blockage factor S, comparing a ship's cross-section to the width of the channel, is another important variable. Formulae have been developed to estimate maximum squat based on speed, block coefficient, blockage factor, and other vessel and waterway characteristics.

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    Ship Squat

    Uploaded by

    Wisnu Kertaningnagoro
    377 views2 pages
    Ship squat, the phenomenon where a ship sinks deeper in the water as it increases speed, is influenced by several key factors. Ship speed has the greatest effect, with squat increasing exponentially with speed. The block coefficient Cb, a measure of how block-like a ship's hull is, also directly impacts squat, with bulkier ships experiencing more. The blockage factor S, comparing a ship's cross-section to the width of the channel, is another important variable. Formulae have been developed to estimate maximum squat based on speed, block coefficient, blockage factor, and other vessel and waterway characteristics.

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    Ship squat

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    Ship squat, the phenomenon where a ship sinks deeper in the water as it increases speed, is influenced by several key factors. Ship speed has the greatest effect, with squat increasing exponentially with speed. The block coefficient Cb, a measure of how block-like a ship's hull is, also directly impacts squat, with bulkier ships experiencing more. The blockage factor S, comparing a ship's cross-section to the width of the channel, is another important variable. Formulae have been developed to estimate maximum squat based on speed, block coefficient, blockage factor, and other vessel and waterway characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    377 views2 pages

    Ship Squat

    Uploaded by

    Wisnu Kertaningnagoro
    Ship squat, the phenomenon where a ship sinks deeper in the water as it increases speed, is influenced by several key factors. Ship speed has the greatest effect, with squat increasing exponentially with speed. The block coefficient Cb, a measure of how block-like a ship's hull is, also directly impacts squat, with bulkier ships experiencing more. The blockage factor S, comparing a ship's cross-section to the width of the channel, is another important variable. Formulae have been developed to estimate maximum squat based on speed, block coefficient, blockage factor, and other vessel and waterway characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Ship-Squat.com Home > How do I predict Ship Squat?

    1 of 2

    http://www.ship-squat.com/How_do_I_predict_Ship_Squat.htm

    You are here: Ship-Squat.com Home > How do I predict Ship Squat?

    Ship-Squat Home

    What are the factors governing Ship Squat?

    About Bryan Barrass

    The main factor is ship speed Vk. Squat varies approximately with the speed squared. As an
    example, if we double the speed we quadruple the squat. Put another way, it can be shown
    that halving the ships speed will quarter the squat. In this context, speed Vk is the ships
    speed relative to the water so the effect of current/tide speed with or against the ship must be
    taken into account.

    Consultancy and training


    Research papers
    Frequently Asked Questions

    Another important factor is the block coefficient Cb. Squat varies directly with Cb. Oil Tankers
    will therefore have comparatively more squat than Passenger Liners.

    S A Malliaroudakis Maritime Ltd


    What is Ship Squat?
    Why predict Ship Squat?

    The Blockage Factor 'S' is another factor to consider. This is the immersed cross-section of the
    ships midship section divided by the cross-section of water within the canal or river. If the ship
    is in open water the width of influence of water can be calculated. This ranges from about
    8.25b for Supertankers, to about 9.50b for General Cargo ships, to about 11.25 ship-breadths
    for Container Ships.

    Groundings due to Ship Squat


    How do I predict Ship Squat?
    Tables and curves (MS Excel)
    Shallow water signs
    Contact

    The presence of another ship in a narrow river will also affect squat, so much so, that squats
    can double in value as they pass or cross the other vessel.
    Formulae have been developed that will be satisfactory for estimating maximum ships squats
    for vessels operating in confined channels and in open water conditions.
    These formulae are have been derived from analysing about 600 results. some measured on
    ships and some on ship-models. Some of the empirical formulae developed are as follows:
    Let b = Breadth of ship.
    Let H = Depth of water.
    Let Cb = Block co-efficient.
    Let B = Breadth of river or canal.
    Let T = Ships even keel static draft.
    Let Vk = Ship speed relative to the water in knots.
    Let CSA = Cross Sectional Area.
    Let S = Blockage factor = CSA of ship / CSA of river or canal.
    K1, K2 and K3 are squat coefficients.
    If ship is in open water conditions, then the formula for B becomes:
    B = (7.04/Cb^0.85) ship breadths. This is known as the width of influence.
    Blockage factor = S = (b x T) / (B x H).
    Maximum Squat = (Cb x S^0.81 x Vk^2.08) / K1 metres for open water and confined channels.
    Two short-cut formulae relative to the previous equation are:

    9/18/2014 10:50 AM

    Ship-Squat.com Home > How do I predict Ship Squat?

    2 of 2

    http://www.ship-squat.com/How_do_I_predict_Ship_Squat.htm

    Maximum squat = (Cb x Vk^2) / K2 metres for open water conditions only, with H / T 1.1 to 1.4.
    Maximum squat = (Cb x Vk^2) / K3 metres for confined channels,
    where S = 0.100 to 0.250.
    Back to top

    9/18/2014 10:50 AM

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