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    Hirsch Sprung

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    Ry Anne
    Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder where the colon lacks ganglion cells, causing chronic intestinal obstruction. Symptoms appear shortly after birth and include constipation, abdominal distention, and vomiting. It is most commonly found in the rectosigmoid colon. Diagnosis involves rectal examination, barium enema, and biopsy to detect the absence of ganglion cells. Treatment involves relieving obstruction through enemas or surgery to remove the affected bowel segment. Nursing care focuses on pre- and post-operative bowel management, wound care, respiratory support, and parental education and support.

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    Hirsch Sprung

    Uploaded by

    Ry Anne
    66 views4 pages
    Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder where the colon lacks ganglion cells, causing chronic intestinal obstruction. Symptoms appear shortly after birth and include constipation, abdominal distention, and vomiting. It is most commonly found in the rectosigmoid colon. Diagnosis involves rectal examination, barium enema, and biopsy to detect the absence of ganglion cells. Treatment involves relieving obstruction through enemas or surgery to remove the affected bowel segment. Nursing care focuses on pre- and post-operative bowel management, wound care, respiratory support, and parental education and support.

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    Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder where the colon lacks ganglion cells, causing chronic intestinal obstruction. Symptoms appear shortly after birth and include constipation, abdominal distention, and vomiting. It is most commonly found in the rectosigmoid colon. Diagnosis involves rectal examination, barium enema, and biopsy to detect the absence of ganglion cells. Treatment involves relieving obstruction through enemas or surgery to remove the affected bowel segment. Nursing care focuses on pre- and post-operative bowel management, wound care, respiratory support, and parental education and support.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    66 views4 pages

    Hirsch Sprung

    Uploaded by

    Ry Anne
    Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder where the colon lacks ganglion cells, causing chronic intestinal obstruction. Symptoms appear shortly after birth and include constipation, abdominal distention, and vomiting. It is most commonly found in the rectosigmoid colon. Diagnosis involves rectal examination, barium enema, and biopsy to detect the absence of ganglion cells. Treatment involves relieving obstruction through enemas or surgery to remove the affected bowel segment. Nursing care focuses on pre- and post-operative bowel management, wound care, respiratory support, and parental education and support.

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    Hirschsprungs Disease

    Also known asCongenital AganglionicMegacolon. It is the congenital absence of or arrested development of parasympathetic ganglion cells in the intestinal wall, usually in the distal colon. Symptoms are related to chronic intestinal obstruction and usually appear shortly after birth but may not be recognized until later in childhood or (rarely) in adulthood. The lack of colorectal innervation inhibits peristalsis, and the affected portion of intestine becomes spastic and contracted. The internal rectal sphincter fails to relax, which prevents evacuation of fecal material and gas and causes severe abdominal distention and constipation. The most common site affected is the rectosigmoid colon (short segment disease), and the less common is the upper descending colon and possibly the transverse colon are affected (long segment disease). Assessment: o In the neonate: No meconium passed Vomiting bile stained or fecal Abdominal distention Constipation occurs in all patients

    Overflow-type diarrhea Anorexia, poor feeding Temporary relief of symptoms with enema o Older child (symptoms not prominent at birth): History of constipation at birth Distention of the abdomen progressive enlarging Thin abdominal wall with observable peristaltic activity Constipation no fecal soiling, relieved temporarily with enema Stool appears ribbon like, fluid like, or in pellet form Failure to grow loss of subcutaneous fat; appears malnourished; perhaps has stunted growth Anemia

    Diagnostic Evaluation: Rectal examination demonstrate absence of fecal material in the long segment disease; in short segment disease, rectal impaction may be present and, when the finger is removed, it may cause a rush of stool as the obstruction is temporary relieved. X-rays shows severe gaseous distention of the bowel, with absence of gas in the rectum. Radiopaque markers, when ingested, measure intestinal transit time. Children with short segment disease retain the markers in the rectum for long periods. Barium enema shows narrowed intestine proximal to anus and dilated intestine proximal to narrow segment. Rectal biopsy may be done to demonstrate absent or reduced number of ganglion nerve cells, and confirm diagnosis. Anorectal manometry may be done to record the reflex response to anal sphincter, requires cooperation of the child. Ultrasonogram may be done to demonstrate dilated colon.

    Therapeutic Interventions: Enema or colonic irrigation with physiologic saline solution. Older child whose symptoms are chronic but not severe may be treated with isotonic enemas, stool softeners, and a low residue diet.

    Surgical Interventions: Initially, a colostomy or ileostomy is performed to decompress intestine, divert fecal stream, and rest the normal bowel. Definitive surgery is done to remove the non-functioning bowel segment with various pull-through procedures (abdominoperineal, endorectal, or rectorectal). Nursing Interventions: Preoperative Assist in emptying the bowel by giving repeated enemas and colonic irrigations. If abdominal distention is not relieved by enemas, discomfort is significant, and rectal tube insertion fails to give relief, consult doctor for a nasogastric (NG) tube. Offer pacifier for infant to suck if on parenteral fluids. Encourage parents to hold and rock the infant. Maintain position of comfort with head elevated. Offer soothing stimulation (eg. music, touch, play therapy). Offer small frequent feedings. Low residue diet will aid in keeping the stool soft. Administer parenteral nutrition if feeding causes additional discomfort because of distention and nausea. For older child, provide demonstration and written and verbal instruction to family for saline enema administration and use of stool softeners. Postoperative Change wound dressing using sterile technique. Prevent wound contamination from diaper. Prevent perianal and anal excoriation by thorough cleaning and use of ointments after the infant soils (postoperative stools can number 7 to 10 per day). Use careful handwashing technique. Report any wound redness, swelling or drainage, evisceration, or dehiscenceimmediately. Suction oral secretions frequently to prevent infection of the tracheobronchial tree and lungs. In older child, encourage frequent coughing and deep breathing to maintain respiratory status. Allow the infant to cry for a short period to prevent atelectasis.

    Change position of infant frequently to increase circulation and allow for aeration of all lung areas. Maintain patency of NG tube immediately postoperatively. Maintain NPO status until bowel sounds return and the bowel is ready for feedings as determined by the physician. Provide frequent oral hygiene while on NPO status. Administer fluids to maintain hydration and replace lost electrolytes. Begin oral feedings as ordered. Support the parents when teaching them to care for their childs colostomy. Reassure parents that colostomy will not cause delay in the childs normal development. Involve the entire family in teaching colostomy care to enhance acceptance of body change of the child.

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