Format: Author, A. (Year). Name of Article. Name of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page number(s). Examples: Bharadwaj, P.

., & Ward, K. T. (2008). Ethical considerations of patients with pacemakers. American Family Physician, 78, 398-399. Smith, T. J., & Weyers, J. Derivatives and other securities. The Journal of Economics, 8(2), 90-104. Online When citing an online journal in APA, include as much original publication information as possible, along with the following: Date Accessed URL Format: Author, A. (Year). Name of Article. Name of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Number(s). [Retrieved] Date, [from] URL of Website Examples: Hastalis, D. (2003, January). Effects of prozac. New England Journal of Medicine, 30. Retrieved August 23, 2004, from http://www.nej/pzac Smith, T. J., & Weyers, J. Derivatives and other securities. The Journal of Economics, 8(2). Retrieved June 5, 2005, from http://econ.com/ds

ARTICLES Journal Article (print): For articles with up to and including 7 authors*, include the names of all authors. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pages. Kozma, A., & Stones, M. J. (1983). Re-validation of the Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness. Canadian Journal on Aging, 2(1), 27-29. *For information on citing multiple authors in the text of your paper, see Table 6.1 "Basic Citation Styles" on p. 177 of the APA Manual. Journal Article (8 or more authors): Use ellipses after the name of the sixth author, and then list the last author named. Gilbert, D.G., McClernon, J.F., Rabinovich, N.E., Sugai, C., Plath, L.C., Asgaard, G., . . . Botros, N. (2004).

Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-67. Journal Article (online): Provide the doi number (Digital Object Identifier). Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pages. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Fuller, D. (2002). Critical friendships: Reading women's writing communities in Newfoundland. Women's Studies International Forum, 25(2), 247-260. doi:10.1016/S0277-5395(02)00234-0 Journal or Magazine Article (online, no doi): Provide the URL of journal/magazine's homepage. Only use URL if doi is unavailable. Do not include Article Index information. Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pages. Retrieved from http://journal homepage address Henheffer, T. (2009, September 7). Why are the fishermen dying at sea?. Maclean's, 122(34), 21. Retrieved from http://www2.macleans.ca Newspaper Article (print): Unlike journal articles, when referencing a newspaper article, p. (single page) or pp. (multiple pages) precedes the page numbers. Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p. page number(s). Sullivan, D. D. (2000, November 15). Teens say they're battling depression, peer pressure: 'You kind of drift apart from your parents,' one high school student says. The Telegram, p. 17. Newspaper Article (online): Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, page number(s). Retrieved from http://newspaper homepage address

Hurley, C. (2009, October 24). Suzuki encourages Newfoundlanders to join the world in demonstration on climate change. The Western Star, p. 4. Retrieved from http://www.thewesternstar.com/ _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ BOOKS Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher. Grenfell, W. T. (1919). A Labrador doctor: The autobiography of Wilfred Thomason Grenfell. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. E-Books Provide the doi number (Digital Object Identifier) or a URL. Only use a URL if the doi is not available. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Moorcroft, W. H. (2005). Understanding sleep and dreaming. doi:10.1007/0-387-286985 Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Retrieved from http://URL Holland, N. N. (1982). Laughing: A psychology of humor. Retrieved from http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/ufdc/UFDC.aspx?n=palmm&c=psa1&m=hd2J&i=45367 Edited Book State the editor(s) instead of author, followed by (Ed.) or, for multiple editors (Eds.). Wright, M. J., & Myers, C. R. (Eds.). (1983). History of academic psychology in Canada. Toronto: Hogrefe and Huber. Article in an Edited Book Article Author. (Year). Title of article. In Editor's name (Ed.), Title of book (pp. page numbers). Location: Publisher. Einar, V. K. (2007). Screening of eating disorders in the general population. In P.M. Goldfarb (Ed.), Psychological tests and testing research trends (pp. 141-50). New York: Nova Science. Edition of a Book, other than the 1st Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book (x ed.). Location: Publisher.

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Volume of a Book If it is an edition other than the 1st, include the edition immediately before the volume number. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book (x ed., Vol. x). Location: Publisher. Eisenberg, N. (Ed.). (2006). Handbook of child psychology (6th ed., Vol. 3). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Translated Book Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. (A.A. Translator, Trans.). Location: Publisher. (Original work published xxxx). Freud, S. (1960). Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. (J. Strachey, Trans.). London: Routledge & K. Paul. (Original work published 1905). _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ WEBSITES *if no publication date is available, use (n.d.) for "no date". If no author is available, begin reference list entry with the title. Entire Website Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of web site. Retrieved from http://homepage URL McLean, B. (2006). Child and adolescent psychology services: Learning disability & ADHD assessment for children and adults. Retrieved from http://www.newfoundlandpsychology.com/ Page/Document on a Website Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of page/document. In Title of web site. Retrieved from http://URL to specific page/document Rose, C. (2012, February 8). How to write citations and bibliographies in APA style. In Memorial University libraries. Retrieved from http://www.library.mun.ca/guides/howto/apa.php _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________

OTHER
Class Lecture | Class Notes on Course Website | Coursepack | Dictionary/Encyclopedia | Dissertation/Thesis | Government Document | Interview | Movie Class Lecture: Instructor, I. I. (Year, Month day). Title of lecture. Class lecture for course, University, Location. Buckle, J. (2011, October 7). Bereavement. Class lecture for PSYC 3040: Contemporary issues in death and dying, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL. Class Notes on Course Website (D2L or My Grenfell): Provide the file format in brackets after the title (e.g. PDF, PowerPoint slides, Word document). Instructor, I. I. (Year, Month day). Title [File type]. Retrieved from: URL Fowler, K. (2010, September 20). Memory and cognition [PDF]. Retrieved from http://online.mun.ca/psyc2520%20kfowler/Sept%2020%202010.pdf Dwyer, S. C. (2011, February 4). PSYC 1001: Introduction to psychology [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://my.swgc.ca/psyc1001/Feb%204%202011.pptx Coursepack: Instructor, I. I. (Year). Title of coursepack. Coursepack, University, Location. Warren, K. (2012). PSYC 2025: Survey of developmental psychology. Coursepack, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL. Dictionary/Encyclopedia (Print): Author, A. A. (if available). (Year). Title of entry. In Editor, B. B. (Ed.), Title of dictionary/encyclopedia (p. page number). Location: Publisher. Facial expression. (2007). In VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.), APA dictionary of psychology (pp. 362-3). Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association. Dictionary/Encyclopedia (Online): Provide the doi number (Digital Object Identifier) or a URL. Only use a URL if the doi is not available. If there are no page numbers, the entry title is sufficient.

Author, A. A. (if available). (Year). Title of entry. In Editor, B. B. (Ed.), Title of dictionary/encyclopedia. (p. page number). doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx OR Retrieved from http://URL Roesch, S. (2006). Coping mechanisms. In Jackson, Y. K. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of multicultural psychology. Retrieved from http://www.sage-ereference.com.qe2aproxy.mun.ca/multiculturalpsychology/Article_n53.html Dissertation or Thesis (Print): Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Doctoral dissertation OR master's thesis). University, Location. Broderick, E. M. (2007). Assessment of grief and loss services in western Newfoundland (Honours dissertation). Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL. Dissertation or Thesis (Online): If accessed through an Article Index, include the name of the database, and give the accession or order number in parentheses at the end of the entry. If accessed on the internet, include the URL link. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Doctoral dissertation OR master's thesis). Available from Name of Database. (accession or order number) Rusch, L. C. (2010). Depression stigma reduction: The impact of models of depression on stigma and treatment seeking (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest dissertation and theses database. (Document ID 1865749061) Government Document, Canadian (Print): Government Organization/Department (Year, Month day). Title of document or report. Location, Publisher. Provincial Mental Health and Addictions Advisory Council (2011). Activity plan: April 1, 2011 - March 31, 2014. St. John's, NL: Mental Health and Addictions Services, Department of Health and Community Services. Government Document, Canadian (Internet): "For documents retrieved online, identify the publisher as part of the retrieval statement unless the publisher has been identified as the author" (section 7.03). Center for Science in the Earth System (2007, September). Preparing for climate change: A guidebook for local, regional, and

state governments. Retrieved from Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation website: http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/climate_change/adapting/king_county_guidebook.pdf Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Health and Community Services (2005, November). Newfoundland and Labrador gambling prevalence study. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.nl.ca/health/publications/ gambling_report_nov21.pdf Interview: Personal communications (e.g. interviews, letters, emails) are not included in the reference list. Cite in-text only. (J.A. Smith, personal communication, May 29, 2005) Movie: Producer, A. A. (Producer/s), & Director, B.B. (Director). (Year). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio. Bender, L., Burns, S. Z., & David, L. (Producers), & Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2006). An inconvenient truth [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount.

BOOK Geissler, E. M. (1998). Pocket guide to cultural assessment (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
You can also go to WorldCat.org, search the world's largest database of library books, and click on "Cite this item" for almost any book. Its APA citations are not 100% correct, though; beware of capitalization, state of publication, and punctuation errors (see NOTES).

BOOK CHAPTER, ESSAY, or ARTICLE when author is credited de Paula, T. C. M., Lagana, K., & Gonzalez-Ramirez, L. (1996). Mexican Americans. In J. G. Lipson, S. L Dibble, & P. A. Minarik

(Eds.), Culture and nursing care: A pocket guide (pp. 203-221). San Francisco: USCF Nursing Press. BOOK CHAPTER, ESSAY, or ARTICLE when no author is credited ( paper version) Russians. (1998). In T. L. Gall (Ed.), Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life (Vol. 4, pp. 332-339). Detroit, MI: Gale Research. BOOK CHAPTER, ESSAY, or ARTICLE when no author is credited ( online version) Russians. (1998). Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life . Retrieved January 9, 2003 from Discovering Collection database. ARTICLE in a STANDARD ENCYCLOPEDIA (paper copy) Islam. (1992). In The new encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol. 22, pp. 1-43). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica. ARTICLE in a STANDARD ENCYCLOPEDIA (web site version) Islam. (1992). In Britannica.com. Retrieved February 9, 2002 from Britannica.com database. JOURNAL ARTICLE (paper copy) Oguisso, T. (1999). Professional nursing in Brazil. International Nursing Review, 43, 81-94. JOURNAL ARTICLE (from an online database) (for more details, see the APA's official site) Kavanagh, K., Absalom, K., Beil, W., & Schliessmann, L. (1999). Connecting and becoming culturally competent: A Lakota example. Advances in Nursing Science, 21, 9-31. Retrieved March 26, 2001 from ProQuest/Nursing Journals database. JOURNAL ARTICLE (online, on a web site) (for more details, see the APA's official site)

Outbreak news. (2001, February 23). Weekly Epidemiological Record, 76, 57-64. Retrieved February 28, 2001 from http://www.who.int/wer/pdf/2001/wer7608.pdf MAGAZINE ARTICLE (paper copy) Ulrich, T. (1997, September 22). Linking an Amish hereditary disease with cerebral palsy, a pediatrician challenges a dark inheritance. Time, 150, 30-33. MAGAZINE ARTICLE (from an online database) Ulrich, T. (1997, September 22). Linking an Amish hereditary disease with cerebral palsy, a pediatrician challenges a dark inheritance. Time, 150, 30-33. Retrieved March 1, 2001 from InfoTrac/Expanded Academic ASAP database. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (paper copy) Padilla, H. (2000, June 6). Hugo prohibits custom animal slaughter; the vote will officially close a Hmong slaughterhouse, where animals were sacrificed for religious reasons. Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN), p. 1B. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (from an online database) Padilla, H. (2000, June 6). Hugo prohibits custom animal slaughter; the vote will officially close a Hmong slaughterhouse, where animals were sacrificed for religious reasons. Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN), p. 1B. Retrieved February 28, 2001 from Lexis-Nexis Universe/General News database. PAMPHLET / BROCHURE (Cite like a book but add [Brochure] as shown) Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS: Author. ERIC DOCUMENT Fredrickson, M. (2000). Parent/child communication in migrant communities. Miami, FL: Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 377 236)

DISSERTATION If you obtain an actual dissertation (not just its abstract), in print or on microform, check the Publication Manual of the APA for complete directions on citing it properly. DISSERTATION (abstract only, obtained on CINAHL) Crow, G. K. (1988). Toward a theory of therapeutic syncretism: The Southeast Asian experience: A study of the Cambodians' use of traditional and cosmopolitan health systems . (Doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1988). Abstract retrieved March 19, 2001 from CINAHL database. DISSERTATION (abstract only, obtained from DAI on FirstSearch) Crow, G. K. (1988). Toward a theory of therapeutic syncretism: The Southeast Asian experience: A study of the Cambodians' use of traditional and cosmopolitan health systems (Doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1988). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(08B), 3101. Abstract retrieved March 19, 2001 from First Search/Dissertation Abstracts International database. WEBSITE (NOT from an online database) (for more details, see the APA's official site) The Amish, the Mennonites, and the Plain People. (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2000 from Pennsylvania Dutch Country Welcome Center Web site: http://www.800padutch.com/amish.shtml INTERVIEWS, E-MAILS, PHONE CONVERSATIONS, etc. "Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible." ( APA Manual, section 3.102) Example: I. M. Certain (personal communication, April 1, 2000). PRESENTATIONS, SPEECHES, POSTER SESSIONS, etc. Like the example above, if they do not provide "recoverable data," these would not be included in the reference list and would be cited in the text only. If, however, something tangible exists (e.g. handouts of PowerPoint slides, an abstract in a conference program, etc.), it might be

citable. See the APA Manual, section 4.16 D and F. Here is an example of a poster session: Worral, P. S. & Levin, R. (2004, June). Developing a statewide research agenda. Poster session presented at the biannual meeting of the American Nurses Association, Minneapolis, MN. Since they ask, I have suggested to students who wish to cite a presentation unofficially, for an undergraduate paper, that they could cite it like this: Twohy, K. (2004, January 15). Testimony given at Health, Human Services and Corrections Budget Division, St. Cloud, Minnesota.