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HTML Tutorials

The document explains HTML elements and tags. It provides examples of common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, links and images. It also describes HTML attributes and how they can be added to elements to provide additional information. Nested elements are described, with HTML code examples to illustrate the structure of an HTML document.

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erangaddd
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
73 views

HTML Tutorials

The document explains HTML elements and tags. It provides examples of common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, links and images. It also describes HTML attributes and how they can be added to elements to provide additional information. Nested elements are described, with HTML code examples to illustrate the structure of an HTML document.

Uploaded by

erangaddd
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example Explained

The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is the doctype for HTML5.

What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is a markup language A markup language is a set of markup tags The tags describe document content HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages

HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html> HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

<tagname>content</tagname>

HTML Elements

"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing. But strictly speaking, an HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags: HTML Element:

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

HTML Page Structure


Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure: <html> <body> <h1>This a heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p>

</body> </html>

HTML Versions
Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of HTML: Version HTML HTML+ HTML 2.0 HTML 3.2 HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0 HTML5 XHTML5 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2000 2012 2013 Year

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration helps the browser to display a web page correctly. There are many different documents on the web, and a browser can only display an HTML page 100% correctly if it knows the HTML type and version used.

Common Declarations
HTML5
<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML 4.01
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

XHTML 1.0
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

For a complete list of document type declarations, go to our DOCTYPE Reference.

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HTML Basic
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HTML Editors
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Writing HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit


HTML can be edited by using a professional HTML editor like:

Adobe Dreamweaver Microsoft Expression Web CoffeeCup HTML Editor

However, for learning HTML we recommend a text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac). We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML. Follow the 4 steps below to create your first web page with Notepad.

Step 1: Start Notepad


To start Notepad go to: Start All Programs Accessories Notepad

Step 2: Edit Your HTML with Notepad


Type your HTML code into your Notepad:

Step 3: Save Your HTML


Select Save as.. in Notepad's file menu. When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you. Save the file in a folder that is easy to remember, like w3schools.

Step 4: Run the HTML in Your Browser


Start your web browser and open your html file from the File, Open menu, or just browse the folder and double-click your HTML file. The result should look much like this:

HTML Basic - 4 Examples


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Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned. You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>

Try it yourself

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Try it yourself

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it yourself Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute. (You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142">

Try it yourself

Note: The filename and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

HTML Elements
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HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag * <p> <a href="default.htm"> <br>

Element content This is a paragraph This is a link </p> </a>

End tag *

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax



An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag The element content is everything between the start and the end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Empty elements are closed in the start tag Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements


Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example


<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained


The <p> element: <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>. The element content is: This is my first paragraph. The <body> element: <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document. The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>. The element content is another HTML element (a p element). The <html> element:

<html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The <html> element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>. The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag


Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag: <p>This is a paragraph <p>This is a paragraph The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional. Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. <br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the

HTML Attributes
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Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about an element Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it yourself

Always Quote Attribute Values


Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed. Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes


Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation. Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference


A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our: HTML Tag Reference. Below is a list of some attributes that can be used on any HTML element: Attribute class id style title Description Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet) Specifies a unique id for an element Specifies an inline CSS style for an element Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

For more information about global attributes: HTML Global Attributes Reference.

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