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HTML Introduction To Attributes

HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It uses tags to define the structure and layout of a webpage. Some key tags include <html> as the root tag, <head> for metadata, <body> for content, and other tags like <h1> for headings and <p> for paragraphs. An HTML document has a basic structure with <html>, <head>, and <body> tags wrapping the content. Elements are defined with a starting and closing tag with content in between. HTML pages are displayed in web browsers, which use the tags to understand how to display the content but do not display the tags themselves.

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Allan Yatuhac
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© © All Rights Reserved
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12 views

HTML Introduction To Attributes

HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It uses tags to define the structure and layout of a webpage. Some key tags include <html> as the root tag, <head> for metadata, <body> for content, and other tags like <h1> for headings and <p> for paragraphs. An HTML document has a basic structure with <html>, <head>, and <body> tags wrapping the content. Elements are defined with a starting and closing tag with content in between. HTML pages are displayed in web browsers, which use the tags to understand how to display the content but do not display the tags themselves.

Uploaded by

Allan Yatuhac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML 

Introduction
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

What is HTML?
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

A Simple HTML Document


Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

Example Explained
 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
 The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the
browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
 The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible
contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph

What is an HTML Element?


An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>


The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br> none none

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are
called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents
and display them correctly.

A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the
document:
HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>
<head>
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Note: The content inside the <body> section (the white area above) will be displayed in a
browser. The content inside the <title> element will be shown in the browser's title bar or in
the page's tab.

HTML History
Since the early days of the World Wide Web, there have been many versions of HTML:

Year Version

1989 Tim Berners-Lee invented www

1991 Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML

1993 Dave Raggett drafted HTML+

1995 HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0

1997 W3C Recommendation: HTML 3.2

1999 W3C Recommendation: HTML 4.01

2000 W3C Recommendation: XHTML 1.0

2008 WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft

2012 WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard

2014 W3C Recommendation: HTML5

2016 W3C Candidate Recommendation: HTML 5.1


2017 W3C Recommendation: HTML5.1 2nd Edition

2017 W3C Recommendation: HTML5.2

This tutorial follows the latest HTML5 standard.

HTML Editors
A simple text editor is all you need to learn HTML.

Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit


Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.

However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or
TextEdit (Mac).

We believe that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.

Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)


Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen).
Type Notepad.

Windows 7 or earlier:

Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad

Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac)


Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit

Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences
> Format > choose "Plain Text"

Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Display HTML files as HTML code
instead of formatted text".

Then open a new document to place the code.

Step 2: Write Some HTML


Write or copy the following HTML code into Notepad:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Step 3: Save the HTML Page


Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.
Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding
for HTML files).

Tip: You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference; it is up to
you.

Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser


Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click -
and choose "Open with").

The result will look much like this:


W3Schools Online Editor - "Try it Yourself"
With our free online editor, you can edit the HTML code and view the result in your browser.

It is the perfect tool when you want to test code fast. It also has color coding and the ability
to save and share code with others:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

Click on the "Try it Yourself" button to see how it works.

HTML Basic Examples
In this chapter we will show some basic HTML examples.

Don't worry if we use tags you have not learned about yet.

HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display
web pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading: 

Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

Try it Yourself »

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it Yourself »

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute. 

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

Try it Yourself »

How to View HTML Source


Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:


Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View Source" (in
Edge), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML source
code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:


Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect Element" to
see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also
edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel that opens.

HTML Elements
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.

HTML Elements
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>


Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br> none none

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are
called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
Nested HTML Elements
HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).

All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

The following example contains four HTML elements (<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>):

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

Example Explained
The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTML document.

It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.

Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element:

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

The <body> element defines the document's body.

It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.

Then, inside the <body> element there are two other elements: <h1> and <p>:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

The <h1> element defines a heading.


It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

The <p> element defines a paragraph.

It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>:

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Never Skip the End Tag


Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:

Example
<html>
<body>

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

However, never rely on this! Unexpected results and errors may occur if you forget
the end tag!

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag:

Example
<p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p>

Try it Yourself »

HTML is Not Case Sensitive


HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends lowercase in
HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase tag names.

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their
attributes.

Tag Description

<html> Defines the root of an HTML document

<body> Defines the document's body

<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings

For a complete list of all available HTML tags, visit our HTML Tag Reference.

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
 All HTML elements can have attributes
 Attributes provide additional information about elements
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag
 Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
The href Attribute
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link
goes to:

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">Visit W3Schools</a>

Try it Yourself »

You will learn more about links in our HTML Links chapter.

The src Attribute


The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies the
path to the image to be displayed:

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg">

Try it Yourself »

There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website.


Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use it,
you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external images; it
can suddenly be removed or changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL does
not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative to the
current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will be relative
to the domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change domain.

The width and height Attributes


The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specify the width
and height of the image (in pixels):

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">

Try it Yourself »

The alt Attribute


The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the
image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow connection, or an
error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader.

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

Try it Yourself »

Example
See what happens if we try to display an image that does not exist:

<img src="img_typo.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

Try it Yourself »

You will learn more about images in our HTML Images chapter.

The style Attribute


The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.

Example
<p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

You will learn more about styles in our HTML Styles chapter.


The lang Attribute
You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the language
of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the first
two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two characters define the
country.

The following example specifies English as the language and United States as the country:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

You can see all the language codes in our HTML Language Code Reference.

The title Attribute


The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.

The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the
element:

Example
<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

We Suggest: Always Use Lowercase Attributes


The HTML standard does not require lowercase attribute names.

The title attribute (and all other attributes) can be written with uppercase or lowercase
like title or TITLE.

However, W3C recommends lowercase attributes in HTML, and demands lowercase


attributes for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names.

We Suggest: Always Quote Attribute Values


The HTML standard does not require quotes around attribute values.

However, W3C recommends quotes in HTML, and demands quotes for stricter document


types like XHTML.

Good:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>

Bad:
<a href=https://www.w3schools.com/html/>Visit our HTML tutorial</a>

Sometimes you have to use quotes. This example will not display the title attribute
correctly, because it contains a space:

Example
<p title=About W3Schools>

Try it Yourself »
 At W3Schools we always use quotes around attribute values.

Single or Double Quotes?


Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes can
also be used.

In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to
use single quotes:
<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>

Or vice versa:

<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">

Try it Yourself »

Chapter Summary
 All HTML elements can have attributes
 The href attribute of <a> specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
 The src attribute of <img> specifies the path to the image to be displayed
 The width and height attributes of <img> provide size information for images
 The alt attribute of <img> provides an alternate text for an image
 The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and
more
 The lang attribute of the <html> tag declares the language of the Web page
 The title attribute defines some extra information about an element

HTML Exercises
Test Yourself With Exercises
Exercise:
Add a "tooltip" to the paragraph below with the text "About W3Schools".

<p  ="About W3Schools">W3Schools is a web developer's site.</p>

Submit Answer »

Start the Exercise

HTML Attribute Reference


A complete list of all attributes for each HTML element, is listed in our: HTML Attribute
Reference.

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