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    The RC Circuit

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    mailmado
    The RC circuit consists of a resistor, capacitor, and voltage source connected in series. Kirchhoff's law relates the voltage across each component. The differential equation describing the circuit is solved using an integrating factor method. For a constant voltage V, the charge on the capacitor Q(t) approaches the final value CV0 exponentially with time constant RC. For zero applied voltage, Q(t) decays exponentially from its initial value through the resistor with the same time constant RC. The general solution technique uses an integrating factor et/RC to transform the differential equation into an exact derivative, solving for Q(t) in terms of the applied voltage V(t).

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    The RC Circuit

    Uploaded by

    mailmado
    10 views2 pages
    The RC circuit consists of a resistor, capacitor, and voltage source connected in series. Kirchhoff's law relates the voltage across each component. The differential equation describing the circuit is solved using an integrating factor method. For a constant voltage V, the charge on the capacitor Q(t) approaches the final value CV0 exponentially with time constant RC. For zero applied voltage, Q(t) decays exponentially from its initial value through the resistor with the same time constant RC. The general solution technique uses an integrating factor et/RC to transform the differential equation into an exact derivative, solving for Q(t) in terms of the applied voltage V(t).

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    RC

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    The RC circuit consists of a resistor, capacitor, and voltage source connected in series. Kirchhoff's law relates the voltage across each component. The differential equation describing the circuit is solved using an integrating factor method. For a constant voltage V, the charge on the capacitor Q(t) approaches the final value CV0 exponentially with time constant RC. For zero applied voltage, Q(t) decays exponentially from its initial value through the resistor with the same time constant RC. The general solution technique uses an integrating factor et/RC to transform the differential equation into an exact derivative, solving for Q(t) in terms of the applied voltage V(t).

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views2 pages

    The RC Circuit

    Uploaded by

    mailmado
    The RC circuit consists of a resistor, capacitor, and voltage source connected in series. Kirchhoff's law relates the voltage across each component. The differential equation describing the circuit is solved using an integrating factor method. For a constant voltage V, the charge on the capacitor Q(t) approaches the final value CV0 exponentially with time constant RC. For zero applied voltage, Q(t) decays exponentially from its initial value through the resistor with the same time constant RC. The general solution technique uses an integrating factor et/RC to transform the differential equation into an exact derivative, solving for Q(t) in terms of the applied voltage V(t).

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    The RC Circuit

    The RC circuit is the electrical circuit consisting of a resistor of resistance R, a capacitor of capacitance C and a voltage source arranged in series. If the charge on the capacitor is Q and the V C R

    current owing in the circuit is I , the voltage across R and C are RI and Q respectively. By the C Kirchhos law that says that the voltage between any two points has to be independent of the path used to travel between the two points, RI (t) +
    1 Q(t) C

    = V (t)

    Assuming that R, C and V are known, this is still one dierential equation in two unknowns, I and Q. However the two unknowns are related by I (t) = dQ (t) so that dt RQ (t) +
    1 C Q(t)

    = V (t)

    The V = 0 Solution If the applied voltage V = 0, this equation is separable and consequently easily solved.
    1 R dQ dt = C Q if Q=0

    dQ Q

    1 = RC dt

    dQ Q

    1 = RC

    1 dt ln |Q| = RC t+k

    Q(t) = Ket/RC where K = ek . At t = 0, Q(0) = Ke0 = K , so Q(t) = Q(0)et/RC . So the capacitor just discharges exponentially through the resistor. The General Solution When V is nonzero, theequation is no longer separable. But there is another trick that allows 1 us to solve RQ (t) + C Q(t) = V (t) easily, by manipulating the left hand side into a perfect derivative. This trick works for any rst order, linear, dierential equation. First order means that the order of the highest order derivative acting on the unknown is one. Linear means that every term in the dn equation either is independent of the unknown function or is of the form f (t) dt n Q(t) for some known function f (t) and some integer n 0. First divide the equation by R, so that the coecient of Q (t) is exactly one. Q (t) +
    1 Q(t) RC

    1 V R

    (t)

    (1)

    Now we are going to multiply the whole equation by a function (t) (called an integrating factor) (t)Q (t) +
    1 (t)Q(t) RC

    1 (t)V R

    (t)

    This function will be carefully chosen so that the new left hand side is a perfect derivative. By the d (t)Q(t) = (t)Q (t) + (t)Q(t). So the new left hand side is exactly dt (t)Q(t) product rule d dt 1 provided (t) obeys (t) = RC (t). This equation for (t) is separable and so may be solved by the same technique that we 1 Q. But it is easier to just guess a solution. We are looking for a solution of used to solve Q = RC 1 1 (t). That is, dierentiating (t) has to bring out a factor RC . So (t) = et/RC does the (t) = RC job. We only need one function (t), so choose (t) = et/RC . Multiplying (1) by et/RC gives et/RC Q (t) +
    1 t/RC 1 t/RC e Q(t) = R e V RC d 1 t/RC et/RC Q(t) = R e V (t) dt 1 R

    (t)

    et/RC Q(t) = Q(t) =

    et/RC V (t) dt et/RC V (t) dt et/RC V (t) dt =

    1 t/RC Re

    For example, if V (t) = V0 , a constant, (that is, if a DC voltage is applied) t/RC e V0 dt = RCV0 et/RC + k and Q(t) = CV0 + Ket/RC

    where K = k/R is an arbitrary constant. In this case, the charge on the capacitor approachs CV 0 , exponentially.

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