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    Capacitor Response To Square Wave

    Uploaded by

    Atul Soti
    1) The document analyzes the response of a capacitor to an ideal square wave signal with a 50% duty cycle and infinite slope. 2) It shows that a capacitor does not respond to an instantaneous change in voltage. Therefore, a square wave can be modeled as a DC source that alternates between two voltage levels. 3) The steady-state peak voltage across the capacitor is derived. It is shown to increase with the time period T and equals V0/2 when T = RC ln 3.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Capacitor Response To Square Wave

    Uploaded by

    Atul Soti
    316 views3 pages
    1) The document analyzes the response of a capacitor to an ideal square wave signal with a 50% duty cycle and infinite slope. 2) It shows that a capacitor does not respond to an instantaneous change in voltage. Therefore, a square wave can be modeled as a DC source that alternates between two voltage levels. 3) The steady-state peak voltage across the capacitor is derived. It is shown to increase with the time period T and equals V0/2 when T = RC ln 3.

    Original Description:

    Derivation for response of a capacitor to square wave signal.

    Original Title

    Capacitor response to square wave

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    1) The document analyzes the response of a capacitor to an ideal square wave signal with a 50% duty cycle and infinite slope. 2) It shows that a capacitor does not respond to an instantaneous change in voltage. Therefore, a square wave can be modeled as a DC source that alternates between two voltage levels. 3) The steady-state peak voltage across the capacitor is derived. It is shown to increase with the time period T and equals V0/2 when T = RC ln 3.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    316 views3 pages

    Capacitor Response To Square Wave

    Uploaded by

    Atul Soti
    1) The document analyzes the response of a capacitor to an ideal square wave signal with a 50% duty cycle and infinite slope. 2) It shows that a capacitor does not respond to an instantaneous change in voltage. Therefore, a square wave can be modeled as a DC source that alternates between two voltage levels. 3) The steady-state peak voltage across the capacitor is derived. It is shown to increase with the time period T and equals V0/2 when T = RC ln 3.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Response to ideal square wave signal

    Capacitor:

    Consider a simple RC circuit which all of us must have seen before. By simply applying Kirchoffs Law we can find out the relationship between applied voltage, current and voltage across capacitor ( Vc ) , Where Therefore,
    dq (t ) q (t ) V (t ) + = dt RC R
    dt To solve the above differential equation multiply both sides by e RC = et / RC . We get 1

    V (t ) i (t ) R Vc (t ) = 0 q (t ) dq(t ) and i = Vc (t ) = C dt

    q (t )et / RC =

    1 V (t )et / RC dt R

    For V (t ) = V0 with initial condition Vc (t = t0 ) = Vc 0 , we get


    Vc (t ) = V0 1 e ( t t0 )/ RC + Vc 0 e (t t0 )/ RC

    For V (t ) = mt with initial condition q (t = 0) = 0 , we have

    q (t ) = CV (t ) ( mRC 2 ) (1 e t / RC )

    Vc (t ) = V (t ) (mRC ) (1 e t / RC )

    This is the response of capacitor for a linear wave. Now consider a pulse with very high value of m which rises to some finite value, say V0 , in very short interval t0 . Putting the series form of exponential, 1 1 Vc (t0 ) = V (t0 ) (mRC ) 1 1 t0 / RC + (t0 / RC ) 2 (t0 / RC )3 + ... 2! 3!

    1 t0 1 t0 2 Vc (t0 ) = V0 + ... 2 3 2! ( RC ) 3! ( RC ) By taking the limit m tending to infinite and therefore t0 tending to zero one finds Vc (t0 ) = 0 .

    Now consider an ideal square wave of 50% duty cycle with time period 2T. By ideal we mean that the time for switching from one voltage level to another is zero (infinite m).

    As shown above, capacitor doesnt respond to such pulse of infinite m. Therefore we can think of square wave as a DC source with voltage

    V V (t ) = 0 V0
    For n = 0, 2, 4..

    for nT < t (n + 1)T for (n + 1)T <t (n + 2)T

    Vc [( n + 1)T ] = V0 (1 e T / RC ) + Vc [nT ]e T / RC Vc [(n + 2)T ] = V0 (1 e T / RC ) + Vc [(n + 1)T ]e T / RC

    By combining above two equations we get,


    Vc [(n + 2)T ] = V0 (1 e T / RC ) 2 + Vc [ nT ]e 2T / RC Putting n = n-2, n-4 ...2, 0 in equation (0) Vc [ nT ] = V0 (1 e T / RC ) 2 + Vc [( n 2)T ]e 2T / RC
    T / RC 2 2T / RC

    ..0

    .1

    .2 Vc [(n 2)T ] = V0 (1 e ) + Vc [( n 4)T ]e ............... .. Vc [( n 2k + 2)T ] = V0 (1 e T / RC ) 2 + Vc [( n 2k )T ]e 2T / RC .k


    Vc [2T ] = V0 (1 e T / RC ) 2 + Vc [0]e 2T / RC

    n/2

    Multiplying kth equation by e 2 kT / RC and adding


    Vc [( n + 2)T ] = V0 (1 e T / RC ) 2 {1 + e 2T / RC + e 4T / RC + ... + e nT / RC } + Vc [0]e ( n + 2)T / RC

    (1 eT / RC ) 2 Vc [(n + 2)T ] = V0 (1 e ( n + 2)T / RC ) + Vc [0]e ( n + 2)T / RC 2T / RC (1 e ) For the limit n

    (1 e T / RC )2 (1 e2T / RC ) This is the steady-state peak voltage across capacitor. Now, Vc [] = V0 d Vc [] 2e T / RC (1 eT / RC ) 2 = dT V0 RC (1 e2T / RC ) 2 = +ve T > 0 Therefore Vc [] increases with T. Also,

    Vc [] = V0 / 2 for T = RC ln 3

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