Inspection and Certification for Individual Farms, Smallholder Group Certification

A.K. Yadav Director National Centre of Organic Farming CGOCGO -II, Ghaziabad, UP

National Centre of Organic Farming

What is Certification?
Organic certification system is a quality assurance initiative, intended to assure quality, prevent fraud and promote commerce, based on set of standards and ethics. It is a process certification for producers of organic food and other organic plant products.

Why Certification?
Third party assurance from producer to the consumer separated by distance For uniform label Assurance to the consumers that its concern for healthy food has been addressed. Effective marketing tool for Image, credibility, visibility/ Transparency

Balance of interests
Consumer requests healthy and environmentally sound products Willing to pay premium price

Trust Farmer/processor is producing according to certain standards (may be putting higher labour etc) Getting access to premium price markets

The organic quality control

The 4 to Organic Quality Control

Accreditation

Standards

Inspection

Certification

Accreditation
Guarantees that the certification program is competent to carry out specific tasks Authoritative body defines policies, standards and checks whether a certification system is operating according to standards Various accreditation programs: national, EU (EN 45011), ISO (No. 65), IFOAM, NPOP, NOP, JAS

Standards
Standards defining production methods, not the product quality Minimum requirements, not best practice Standards <--> regulations Continuously developed, dynamic Can be International, National or regional standards

Inspection
On-site visit to verify that the performance of an operation is in accordance with specific standards Evaluation and verification of agricultural production, processing and trading Inspection requires complete documentation by producers, processors and handlers Findings are presented in a report to the certifiers

Certification
Monitoring the market for misuse of certification mark or label Assesses the results of the inspection in relation to the requirements of the organic standards Decides about issuing of certificates, conditions and sanctions Written confirmation that a process or product is in compliance with certain standards Certificate is granted

Labelling
Easy recognition of organic quality and certification system
Belgium

The Netherlands

Confirms the fulfilment of the label regulations and of legal rules They help to achieve a better price for organic products

Spain

Direct certification

Certification of Exported products

Western certifier

Western inspector

Operator

Co-certification

Western certifier

Local inspector

Operator

Local certification
Local certifier Local inspector Operator

Operational Structure of National programme for Organic Production(NPOP) Government of India

Ministry Of Agriculture(MoA) Ministry of commerce(MoC) Under APGMC act for Domestic Under FTDR Act for Steering Committee for Exports NPOP(members appointed by MoC) Accreditation Body (APEDA)

Inspection Certification Agency

Farmers Operators Processors

NPOP is Internationally Recognized

NPOP has equivalence agreement with European Union NPOP has equivalence agreement with Switzerland USDA has accepted NPOP conformity assessment system Means product certified by any Indian certification body can be exported without the need for recertification in above countries. For USA Indian certification bodies issue certificate based on NOP standards

National Standards for Organic Production (NSOP)

Crop Production

Standard Requirements for Crop Production

Conversion Requirements
General

Landscape Conversion Crop Diversity Period Fertilization Policy

Crop Production

Pest, disease and weed management

Contamination

Planting Material

Soil & Water Conservation

Conversion Requirements
Starts from the day of signing contract Organic and conventional parts (Part farm conversion) must be separate and inspectable Simultaneous production of conventional, in conversion and or organic crops which cannot be clearly distinguished from each other is not allowed

*Parallel Production not allowed:

Conventional pineapple

Organic pineapple

Reduction of conversion period is possible when standards are met for several years and this must be verified.

Planting material
When organic planting materials are available they shall be used When certified organic planting materials are not available chemically untreated conventional materials shall be used The use of genetically engineered seeds, pollen, transgenic plants or planting material is not allowed

Fertilization Policy
No synthetic inputs allowed Only natural or mined minerals used Biodegradable material of microbial, plant or animal origin Mineral fertilizers to be applied in their natural composition (rock phosphate, gypsum, lime, mica) Chilean nitrate & all synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers including urea are prohibited

Pest, Disease and Weed management

Plant, animal & microbial products locally produced at the farm are allowed The use of synthetic herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and other pesticides is prohibited Farm equipments from conventional farming systems shall be free from residues & clean

Pest, Disease and Weed management

Thermal sterilization of soils in places where a proper rotation or renewal of soil cannot take place as permitted by certification agency Use of synthetic growth regulators & synthetic dyes prohibited Use of genetically engineered organisms or products are prohibited

Soil and Water conservation

Clearing of land by burning organic matter shall be restricted to the minimum Clearing of primary forest is prohibited Relevant measures shall be taken to prevent erosion. Excessive exploitation and depletion of water resources shall not be allowed. Relevant measures shall be taken to prevent salination of soil and water

Certification for Wild Harvest

Principle The act of collection should positively contribute to the maintenance of natural areas Derived from a stable and sustainable growing environment. Quantity shall not exceed the sustainable yield of the ecosystem, or threaten the existence of plant or animal species.

Certification for Wild Harvest

To be derived from a clearly defined collecting area, which is not exposed to prohibited substances. The collection area shall be at an appropriate distance from conventional farming, pollution and contamination.

Certification for Wild Harvest

The operator managing the harvesting or gathering of the products shall be clearly identified and be familiar with the collecting area in question Necessary permission from local authority to be obtained and collection needs to be in conformation of legal requirements

Animal Production

Standard Requirements for Animal Production Conversion Requirements General Habitat and behavioral needs Conversion Period Breeds and Brought in animals No mutilations 3.2Crop Production Animal Nutrition Health care and Medicines Bee Keeping Transport/ Slaughter

Animal Husbandry Management must ensure

Sufficient free movement Sufficient fresh air and natural daylight Protection against excessive sunlight, temperatures, rain and wind Enough lying and/or resting area. Ample access to fresh water and feed. Adequate facilities for expressing behavior in accordance with the biological and ethological needs of the species

Animal Husbandry Management

Poultry and rabbits shall not be kept in cages. Landless animal husbandry systems not allowed Herd animals shall not be kept individually
Exceptions to be allowed by Certification agency keeping welfare of animal in mind

Conversion Period
Minimum conversion period is twelve months For dairy and egg production, this period shall not be less than 30 days Brought in Animals allowed at 2 day old chickens for meat production 18 week old hens for egg production 2 week old for any other poultry piglets up to six weeks and after weaning Calves up to 4 weeks old which have received colostrum and are fed a diet consisting mainly of full milk

Breeds and Breeding

Breeding systems based on breeds that can both copulate and give birth naturally. Artificial insemination is allowed. Embryo transfer techniques are not allowed Hormonal heat treatment and induced birth are not allowed unless applied to individual animals for medical reasons and under veterinary advice. The use of genetically engineered species or breeds are not allowed

Mutilations
Not allowed. Exceptions are: Castrations Tail docking of lambs Dehorning Ringing Mulesing (Mulesing involves cutting flaps of skin from around a
lambs breech and tail to create an area of bare, stretched skin.)

Animal Nutrition
All feed and fodder to be organic In-conversion to organic fodder allowed A percentage of feed consumed by farm animals can be sourced from conventional farm.
Ruminants (dry matter intake) 15% Non-ruminants (dry matter intake) 20% These percentages will be reduced within 5 years to Ruminants (dry matter) 10% Non-ruminants (dry matter) 15%

Animal Nutrition
Vitamins, trace elements and supplements shall be used from natural origin. The certification programme shall define conditions for use of vitamins and minerals from synthesized or unnatural sources Following are allowed
Bacteria, fungi and enzymes By-products of food industry (e.g. molasses) Plant based products

Prohibited substances in Animal Nutrition

Synthetic growth promoters or stimulants Synthetic appetisers Preservatives, except when used as a processing aid Artificial colouring agents Urea Farm animal by-products (e.g. abattoir waste) to ruminants Droppings, dung or other manure (all types of excreata) even if technologically processed Feed subjected to solvent (e.g. hexane), extraction (soya and rape seed meal) or the addition of other chemical agents Pure amino acids Genetically engineered organisms or products thereof

Veterinary Medicine
Natural systems of medicine allowed conventional veterinary medicines is allowed when no other justifiable alternative is available but with increased withholding time Vaccination only when need justified Legally enforced vaccinations allowed Genetically engineered vaccines prohibited

Veterinary Medicine
Use of the following substances is prohibited
Synthetic growth promoters Substances of synthetic origin for production, stimulation or suppression of natural growth Hormones for heat induction and heat synchronisation (unless used for an individual animal
against reproductive disorders, justified by veterinary indications)

Bee Keeping
Hives kept in organically fields or wild natural areas Bee hive made of natural materials Persistent materials not be used in beehives Wing clipping is not allowed Veterinary medicine shall not be used in bee keeping No repellent consisting of prohibited substances used. For pest and disease control and for hive disinfection the following products shall be allowed:
caustic soda lactic, oxalic, acetic acid formic acid sulphur etheric oils Bacillus thuringiensis

Inspection and Certification Process

Appointment of Inspection and Certification bodies
Accreditation of Inspection and certification agency by NAB Deployment of competent persons for audit Undertaking inspection and certification Annual Surveillance and Review of Inspection and Certification Agencies Continuous improvement in system Renewal of accreditation at 3 year interval

Inspection and Certification by Accredited agency

Receipt of applications Providing standards and operational documents Agreement Demand for Fee Document audit Physical field inspection Risk assessment Compliance verification Reporting by inspector Review by reviewer Certification decision

Inspection methods
Visits of facilities, fields, etc. Review of records and accounts. Calculation of input/output norms, production estimates etc. Assessment of production system Interview with responsible persons Risk assessment Part Conversion and Parallel Production Inspection for Use of Genetically Engineered Products Use of off-farm inputs Analysis for residue testing (if required)

India Organic Logo

Smallholder Grower Group Certification

Grower Group Certification

Based on internal quality system Applicable to producer groups, farmers cooperatives, contract production and small scale processing units. The producers in the group must apply similar production systems and the farms should be in geographical proximity.

What is Internal Quality System

A group of producers create internal team for some tasks External certification agency delegates some inspection tasks to this group (known as IQS) IQS undertakes inspection on behalf of CB Certification agency evaluates the working of IQS and do random field inspection for verification Certification is granted to group as a whole as one unit

Constitution of group
25 to maximum 500 members Should have legal status All members in geographical proximity Similar production system

Developing IQS
Minimum requirements for IQS Development of Internal Control System (ICS) Identification of producer groups Creation of awareness about group certification among members Identification of qualified personnel for maintaining the internal control system Necessary training in production and IQS development Preparation of IQS manual containing policies and procedures Implementation of the policies and procedures Review and improvement of the IQS document for maintaining a harmonized IQS.

IQS Personals
Internal quality system manager Internal inspectors Approval manager / committee Field officers for trainings etc Sale/Purchase officers for inputs arrangement and products sale Warehouse manager Processing manager

ICS Procedure
Registration of members Train members in standard implementation and risk management Register group with certification agency Maintain each members documents Internal inspections Submission of report to certification agency External inspections Compliance of deficiencies Yield estimates Grant of certification

Guiding Principles
Participation Shared Vision Transparency Trust Horizontality National networking