Emergency Drugs

Generic/ Brand Name/ Drug Classification Generic Name: Captopril Classification: ACE Inhibitor
Route of administratio n, Stock Dose Route: Oral Stock dose in tablet form: 12.5mg, 25mg, 50mg, 100mg
Mechanisms of Action
Indications
Adverse Effects/ Contraindications
Nursing Responsibilities Monitor patients blood pressure and pulse rate frequently. Assess patient for signs of angioedema. Instruct patient to take drug 1 hour before meals; food in the GI tract may reduce absorption. Inform patient that light-headedness is possible.
Inhibits ACE, preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Less angiotensin II decreases peripheral arterial resistance, decreasing aldosterone secretion, which reduces sodium and water retention and lowers blood pressure.
Indicated for: Hypertension, Diabetic Neuropathy, Heart Failure, Left ventricular dysfunction after acute MI.
Adverse effects: Angioedema, dry persistent nonproductive cough, leukopenia, pancytopenia, headache, hypotension Contraindicated to patients hypersensitive to drug or other ACE inhibitors. Use of drug during pregnancy can cause injury and death to developing fetus. Use cautiously in patients with impaired renal function or serious immune disease.
Generic Name: Potassium Chloride Classification: Potassium Salt (Electrolyte balancing drug)
Route: Oral TIV by incorporation to IV fluids. Never via IV push or IM! Stock dose: Capsules: 8 mEq, 10mEq Oral liquid: 20mEq/15ml, 40mEq/15ml Tablets: 8 mEq, 10mEq, 15 mEq, 20mEq
Replaces potassium and maintains potassium level.
: To prevent hypokalemia, Hypokalemia, Severe hypokalemia
Adverse effects: Arrhythmias, heart block, cardiac arrest, hyperkalemia, respiratory paralysis Use cautiously in patients with renal impairment or cardiac disease. Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment with oliguria, anuria, or azotemia.
Monitor ECG and electrolyte levels during therapy. Monitor renal function. Teach patient signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia, and tell patient to notify prescriber if they occur.
Generic Name: Mannitol Classification: Osmotic Diuretic
Route: TIV Stock dose: Injection: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%
Increases osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate, thus inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes. Drug elevates plasma osmolality and increases water flow into
Test dose for marked oliguria or suspected inadequate renal function Oliguria To prevent oliguria or acute renal failure
Adverse effects: Sezures, heart failure, dizziness, diarrhea, chill, dehydration. Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to drug.
Monitor vital signs, including central venous pressure and fluid intake and output hourly. Report increasing oliguria. Check weight, renal function, fluid
extracellular fluid. To reduce intraocular or intracranial pressure or cerebral edema Diuresis in drug intoxication Irrigating solution during transurethral resection of prostate gland Indicated for: Symptomatic GERD without esophageal lesions Erosive esophagitis and accompanying symptoms caused by GERD Maintenance of healing erosive esophagitis Frequent heartburn Short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer
Contraindicated in patients with anuria; previous progressive heart failure or pulmonary congestion after drugs.
balance, and serum and urine sodium and potassium levels daily. Tell patient that he may feel thirsty or have a dry mouth, and emphasize importance of drinking only the amount of fluids ordered.
Generic Name: Omeprazole Classification: Proton Pump Inhibitor
Route: Oral TIV Stock dose: Capsules: 10mg, 20mg, 40mg Powder for oral suspension: 20mg/packet, 40mg/packet
Inhibits proton pump activity by binding to hydrogenpotassium adenosine triphosphatase, located at secretory surface of gastric parietal cells, to suppress gastric acid secretion.
Adverse effects: Dizziness, abdominal pain, back pain, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, rash. Contraindicated to patients hypersensitive to drug or its component.
Tell patient to swallow tablets or capsules whole not to crush or chew them. Instruct patient to take drugs 30minutes before meals. Caution patient to avoid hazardous activities if he gets dizzy. Because drug can interfere with Vit.
Generic Name: Dextran Classification: Anti-coagulants/ Anti-thrombotics
Route: TIV Stock dose: 10% solution in D5W or NS
Dextrans produce expansion of plasma volume. It also reduces blood viscosity and inhibits sludging or aggregation of red blood cells.
This medication is an anticoagulant, prescribed for hypovolaemic shock, thromboembolic disorders, pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis and prophylaxis of post-op thromboembolic disorders.
Adverse effects: GI disturbances; headache, dizziness; allergic reactions; raised liver enzyme values; alopecia; bone marrow suppression. Contraindicated to patients hypersensitivite to it. Patients with severe renal disease Patients withwith oliguria or anuria. Patients with marked cardiac decompensation. Women who are Pregnancy.
B12 absorption. Monitor for macrocytic anemia Evaluate patient's state of hydration before dextran therapy begins. Administration to severely dehydrated patients can result in renal failure. Observe for S&S of circulatory overload Report oliguria, anuria, or lack of improvement in urinary output (dextran usually causes an increase in urinary output). Discontinue dextran at first sign of renal dysfunction. Report immediately S&S of bleeding: easy bruising, blood in urine or dark tarry stool.

Emergency Drugs

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Emergency Drugs

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Generic/ Brand Name/ Drug Classification Generic Name: Captopril Classification: ACE Inhibitor

Adverse Effects/ Contraindications

Replaces potassium and maintains potassium level.

: To prevent hypokalemia, Hypokalemia, Severe hypokalemia

Generic Name: Mannitol Classification: Osmotic Diuretic

Generic Name: Omeprazole Classification: Proton Pump Inhibitor

Generic Name: Dextran Classification: Anti-coagulants/ Anti-thrombotics

Route: TIV Stock dose: 10% solution in D5W or NS

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