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    Chapter 10 No 9

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    Ain Fza
    The document describes an experiment investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate solution and sulfuric acid. It was hypothesized that a higher temperature would result in a higher reaction rate. The time taken for a cross mark to disappear when the solutions were mixed was recorded at different temperatures. The results showed an inverse relationship between temperature and time, supporting the hypothesis that higher temperatures increase the reaction rate.

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    Chapter 10 No 9

    Uploaded by

    Ain Fza
    210 views8 pages
    The document describes an experiment investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate solution and sulfuric acid. It was hypothesized that a higher temperature would result in a higher reaction rate. The time taken for a cross mark to disappear when the solutions were mixed was recorded at different temperatures. The results showed an inverse relationship between temperature and time, supporting the hypothesis that higher temperatures increase the reaction rate.

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    The document describes an experiment investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate solution and sulfuric acid. It was hypothesized that a higher temperature would result in a higher reaction rate. The time taken for a cross mark to disappear when the solutions were mixed was recorded at different temperatures. The results showed an inverse relationship between temperature and time, supporting the hypothesis that higher temperatures increase the reaction rate.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    210 views8 pages

    Chapter 10 No 9

    Uploaded by

    Ain Fza
    The document describes an experiment investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate solution and sulfuric acid. It was hypothesized that a higher temperature would result in a higher reaction rate. The time taken for a cross mark to disappear when the solutions were mixed was recorded at different temperatures. The results showed an inverse relationship between temperature and time, supporting the hypothesis that higher temperatures increase the reaction rate.

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    CHAPTER 10 RATE OF REACTION: EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF REACTION 9 ) Factor : Size of reactant

    Problem statement : How does the surface area of a solid reactant affect the rate of reaction Hypotesis : The smaller the size of solid reactant , the higher the rate of reaction Experiment I 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + 5.0 g of large calcium carbonate chips Experiment II 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + 5.0 g of small calcium carbonate chips Variables : Manipulated variables : Size of the marble chips Responding variables : volume of gas collected in 30 second interval Constant variables : mass of marble chips Apparatus : Conical flask , delivery tube , retort stand and clamp, burette , measuring cylinder and stopwatch . Materials : Marble chips , powdered marble and 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrocholoric acid. Balanced equation : CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

    Observable changes to measure rate of reaction : The volume of gas collected in 30 seconds interval by water displacement in a burette. Diagram :

    Procedure : 1. A burette is filled with water and inverted over a basin containing water . The burette is clamped to the retort stand . The water level in the burette is adjusted and the initial burette reading is recorded. 2. 5.0 g of marble chips are placed in a small conical flask . 3. 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is added to the marble chips 4. The conical flask is then stoppered and the stopwatch is started immediately . 5. The burette readings are recorded at 30-second intervals. Tabulation of data : Experiment 1 : Time (s) Burette reading (cm3) Volume of gas (cm3) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

    50.00

    45.50

    41.50

    38.00

    35.00

    33.00

    31.00

    29.00

    28.00

    0.00

    4.50

    8.50

    12.00

    15.00

    17.00

    19.00

    21.00

    22.00

    Experiment 2 : Time (s) Burette reading (cm3) Volume of gas (cm3) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

    50.00

    42.00

    35.00

    29.50

    25.50

    22.00

    19.50

    17.50

    16.00

    0.00

    8.00

    15.00

    20.50

    24.50

    28.00

    30.50

    32.50

    34.00

    Sketch of the graph :

    Explanation :

    1. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble chips produces carbon dioxide gas, calcium chloride solution and water. 2. Based on the graphs plotted, the curve for experiment 2 is steeper than experiment 1 3. This means the rate of reaction for experiment 2 (using small marble chips) is higher than experiment 1 (using large marble chips). This is because small marble chips have a larger total exposed surface area. 4. The curves becomes less steep with time due to the decrease in concentration of hydrochloric acid and mass of marble chips. 5. If both experiments are continued until the reaction is completed, the following graph will be obtained. 6. Both experiments produce the same maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas. This is because both experiments use the same a) concentration and volume of hydrochloric acid b) mass of marble chips (calcium carbonate) 7. The maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas collected is less than the theoretical volume because a small volume of carbon dioxide gas has dissolved in the water when it is collected in the burette. 8. To overcome the problem, one should pass the carbon dioxide gas through the water for a few

    minutes before starting the experiment. This is to saturate the water with carbon dioxide before collecting the gas in the burette.
    Conclusion : 1. The smaller the the size of reactant , the larger the total surface area exposed for reaction and the higher the rate of reaction . 2. The hypothesis is accepted.

    11) Factor : Temperature of reaction mixture Experiment : 50 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution + 5 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid. Experiment is repeated using 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution at 350C , 400C,500C and 600C respectively + 5 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid .

    Aim : To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and dilute sulphuric acid. Problem statement : How does temperature affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid ? Hypothesis : The higher the temperature of the reactant , the higher the rate of reaction. Variables : Manipulated variables : The temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution Responding variables : The time taken for the cross X to disappear . Constant variable : The concentrations and volumes of both sodium thiosulphate solution and dilute Sulphuric acid. Apparatus : Conical flask , 50 cm3 measuring cylinder , thermometer , stopwatch , white paper marked X , wire gauze , tripod stand and Bunsen burner. Materials : 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution and and 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid.

    Diagram :

    Procedure :

    1. 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution is measured using a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder and pored into a conical flask. 2. The temperature of the solution is measured using a thermometer. 3. The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper with a mark X at the centre. 4. 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured using a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. 5. The sulphuric acid is poured quickly and carefully into the conical flask. At the same time,stopwatch is started immediately.

    6. The mixture in the conical flask is swirled for a few time. It is then placed back on the white paper. 7. The mark X is observed vertically from the top through the solution as shown in Figure 4. 8. The stopwatch is stopped immediately once the mark X disappear from sight. 9. The time t required for the mark X to disappear from sight is recorded. 10. The experiment is repeated using 50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution at 350C, 400c, 500c and 600c respectively. All other conditions remain unchanged. 11. The results are recorded.
    Result : Experiment Temperature (0C) Time (s) 1 Time (s-1) 1 30 52 0.019 2 35 27 0.037 3 40 16 0.063 4 50 13 0.077 5 60 10 0.100

    Graph of temperature of sodium thiosulphate against 1/time :

    Explanation: 1. The reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate solution produces sodium sulphate solution, sulphur, sulphur dioxide gas and water. Chemical equation: Na2S2O3 + H2 SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O +SO2 + S

    2. Based on the graph I, the curve implies that as the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution becomes higher, the time taken for the mark X to disappear from sight becomes shorter. 3. Based on graph II, the straight line implies that the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution is directly proportional to 1/time. 4. In other words, the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solutions is directly proportional to the rate of reaction. Conclusion : The higher the temperature of the experiment , the higher the rate of reaction

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