MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) The epithelium that lines the sperm producing ducts (semineferous tubules) is classified as A) simple columnar B) simple squamous C) pseudostratified D) simple cuboidal E) stratified cuboidal 2) An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will reflexly lead to A) increase in heart rate. B) decrease in heart rate. C) decrease in blood pressure. D) both b and c E) both A and C 3) At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron, its Na -K ion ATPase pump transports A) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. B) 2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. C) 3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions. D) 1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions. E) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions. 4) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is A) ACTH. B) GH. C) FSH. D) TSH. E) LH. 5) The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones. A) irregular B) short C) sesamoid D) flat E) long 6) The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme A) factor VIII. B) thrombin. C) prothrombinase. D) fibrinogen-converting enzyme. E) plasmin. 7) Active sites on the actin become available for binding after A) myosin binds to troponin. B) actin binds to troponin. C) troponin binds to tropomyosin. D) calcium binds to tropomyosin E) calcium binds to troponin 8) The tricuspid valve is located A) in the opening of the aorta.

B) between the left atrium and left ventricle. C) where the venae cavae join the right atrium. D) between the right atrium and right ventricle. E) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.

9) The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Purkinje fibers AV bundle AV node SA node bundle branches

The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is A) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1. B) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. E) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. 10) What makes a cell a target of a particular hormone? A) the site where the hormone is secreted B) the location of the gland that secretes the hormone C) the location of the target cell in the body D) the chemical properties of the hormone. E) the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone 11) During the cardiac cycle, the A) P wave of the ECG occurs between the first and second heart sounds. B) QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure. C) second heart sound occurs during atrial systole. D) first heart sound coincides with the QRS complex of the ECG. E) both B and D 12) Put these events in the correct chronological sequence: 1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials. 2. Transverse tubules convey potentials into the interior of the cell. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 4. Binding sites on actin are uncovered, allowing myosin to bind

and carry out power strokes. 2+ 5. Ca is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Chemically regulated ion channels open, causing depolarization. 2+ 7. Ca ions bind to troponin-C, pulling on tropomyosin. A) 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 2, 4 B) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 7, 4 C) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7, 6 D) 4, 1, 3, 7, 2, 6, 5 E) 2, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5 13) The flattening of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells, called 2+ the plateau phase, is due to a combination of increasing Ca __________ and + decreasing K __________. A) efflux, influx B) efflux, efflux C) influx, influx D) influx, efflux 14) The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a A) suture. B) gomphosis. C) synotosis. D) synchondrosis. E) none of the above 15) Put these phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order. 1. opening of the semilunar valves 2. isovolumic contraction 3. beginning of atrial systole 4. closure of the AV valves 5. completion of ventricular filling 6. beginning of ventricular systole 7. ventricular relaxation 8. ventricular ejection A) 3, 5, 6, 4, 2, 1, 8, 7 B) 3, 2, 6, 1, 4, 5, 8, 7 C) 3, 5, 6, 1, 8, 4, 2, 7 D) 4, 5, 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 6 E) 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 8, 7, 1 16) Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes A) depolarization. B) hyperpolarization. C) repolarization. D) increased positive charge inside the membrane. E) both A and D 17) In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is

the result of A) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions. B) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions. C) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. D) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions. E) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions. 18) The stretch reflex A) is an example of a polysynaptic reflex. B) is important in regulating muscle length. C) involves a receptor called the Golgi tendon organ. D) is activated when a skeletal muscle lengthens. E) both B and D 19) The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed A) positive feedback. B) homeostasis. C) effector control. D) negative feedback. E) integration. 20) The shaft of a long bone is called the A) epiphysis. B) epiphyseal plate. C) diaphysis. D) lamella. E) metaphysis. 21) Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the A) higher centers. B) thalamus. C) hypothalamus. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata. 22) What type of contraction occurs in the biceps muscle when a person lowers a book towards their legs? A) isometric contraction B) concentric isotonic ccontraction C) eccentric isotonic contraction D) isotonic contraction 23) The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain A) axons of motor neurons. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) cell bodies of sensory neurons. D) cell bodies of motor neurons. E) synapses. 24) Joints can be classified structurally as A) fibrous. B) synovial.

C) bony. D) cartilaginous. E) all of the above 25) The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) MSH. E) ADH. 26) People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because A) their blood cells lack A and B antigens. B) they usually have very strong immune systems. C) they are usually Rh negative. D) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins. E) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.

27) When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the end plate membrane becomes A) repolarized. B) less permeable to potassium ions. C) less permeable to sodium ions. D) more permeable to sodium ions. E) more permeable to calcium ions. 28) The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a A) Haversian canal. B) lacuna. C) Venetian canal. D) Volkmann's canal. E) trabecula.

29) Experimental animals become tamer and more sexually active following damage to the A) corpus callosum. B) suprachiamatic nucleus. C) hypothalamus. D) hippocampus. E) amygdala. 30) Which is NOT housed in the medulla oblongata? A) centers for blood pressure control B) centers for control of eye movement C) centers for control of vomiting D) the pyramids, where tracts cross to the opposite side of the body E) centers for control of breathing 31) Even a small quantity of hormone can have strong effect on its target cell because of A) down-regulation B) enzyme amplification C) up-regulation D) an antagonistic effect E) negative feedback inhibition 32) Where in the body does the production of calcitriol start? A) liver B) bone C) small intestine D) skin E) kidneys 33) A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is A) thyroxine. B) calcitonin. C) oxytocin. D) glucagon. E) parathyroid hormone. 34) After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A) cyclic nucleotides are formed. B) gene transcription is initiated. C) G proteins are phosphylated. D) protein kinases are activated. E) adenyl cyclase is activated. 35) You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when she is unable to A) smile. B) smell her food. C) blink her eyes. D) nod her head. E) swallow properly

36) Which of the following is not a endocrine gland A) thyroid gland. B) sweat gland C) adrenal gland. D) parathyroid gland. E) pituitary gland. 37) The T wave on an ECG tracing represents A) atrial repolarization. B) ventricular contraction. C) atrial depolarization. D) ventricular depolarization. E) ventricular repolarization.

38) You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the A) surface of the skin. B) secretory portions of the pancreas. C) stomach. D) urinary bladder. E) trachea. 39) The rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fibre after a single action potential is A) an unfused tetanus. B) a twitch. C) an end plate potential. D) a tetanus. E) a muscle action potential.

40) The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. 2. Sodium channels are inactivated. Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the

cell, initiating repolarization. 3. Sodium channels regain their normal properties. 4. A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold. 5. A temporary hyperpolarization occurs. 6. Sodium channel activation occurs. 7. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs. The proper sequence of these events is A) 4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1. B) 6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5. C) 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5. D) 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5. E) 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1. 41) Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction? A) The muscle tenses but length remains unchanged B) The muscle lengthens and tension declines C) The muscle tenses and shortens D) The muscle shortens but tension remains constant E) The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant 42) Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, except A) increased heart rate. B) increased parasympathetic stimulation. C) increased venous return. D) increased sympathetic stimulation. E) both A and B 43) Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called A) osteocytes. B) chondrocytes. C) osteoclasts. D) osteoprogenitor cells. E) osteoblasts. 44) The visual cortex is located in the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) occipital lobe. D) insula. E) frontal lobe.

45) Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the A) filum terminale. B) subarachnoid space. C) dura mater.

D) arachnoid mater. E) pia mater. 46) The rectus abdominis is what shaped muscle? A) parallel B) triangular C) fusiform D) elongated E) pennate 47) The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles. A) crossed extensor B) stretch C) tendon D) reciprocal E) flexor 48) The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a(n) ________ joint. A) saddle B) pivot C) ellipsoid D) gliding E) hinge 49) ________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles. A) Spongy B) Irregular C) Long D) Compact E) Short 50) Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) mesencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) pons. 51) The region of the sarcomere containing only the thin filaments and no thick filaments is the A) M line. B) I band. C) Z line. D) H band. E) A band. 52) A freely movable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) symphysis. D) syndesmosis. E) amphiarthrosis.

53)What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic non-protein moiety of hemoglobin? A) globin B) iron C) biliverdin D) bilirubin. E) heme 54) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle venae cavae aorta pulmonary trunk pulmonary veins

What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? A) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 B) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6 C) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 D) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 E) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 55) The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called A) lacunae. B) canaliculi. C) central canals. D) foramina. E) medullary cavities. 56) The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by A) astrocytes. B) oligodendrocytes. C) microglia. D) ependymal cells. E) satellite cells. 57) Acetylcholine slows the heart because it A) opens potassium ion channels

in SA node cells. B) causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more quickly. C) causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly. D) opens sodium-calcium ion channels in SA node cells. E) A and C only

58) How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle? A) It would make the muscles more excitable. B) It would have little effect on skeletal muscles. C) It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract). D) It would produce uncontrolled muscle spasms. E) It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax). 59) Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the A) pia mater. B) arachnoid villi. C) ventricles. D) frontal sinuses. E) choroid plexus. 60) Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____________ and can receive RBCs of type ___________. A) B ; A B) O ; AB C) A ; B D) AB ; O E) B ; O. 61) Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called A) sarcomeres. B) myomeres. C) myoblasts. D) fascicles. E) myofibrils. 62) An anatomical term that means the same as dorsal: A) posterior B) inferior C) abdominal D) anterior E) superior

63) When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of A) integration control. B) negative feedback. C) dynamic equilibrium D) positive feedback. E) set point adjustment. 64) The wrist is ________ to the elbow. A) medial B) proximal C) distal D) lateral E) horizontal

65) Which of the following acts as an ATPase during the contraction cycle of muscle? A) the tail portion of the myosin molecule B) troponin molecules C) actin molecules D) tropomyosin molecules E) the head portion of the myosin molecule 66) The structural units of mature compact bone are called A) osteocytes. B) lamellae. C) osteons. D) canaliculi. E) lacunae. 67) Pacemaker cells in the SA node A) have a well-defined resting potential. B) show a slow spontaneous depolarization. C) are connected by gap junctions to atrial myocytes. D) both B and C E) both A and C 68) The epithelium that lines blood vessels is classified as A) transitional. B) simple squamous. C) stratified squamous. D) simple cuboidal. E) stratified cuboidal.

69) Which of the following best describes the term sarcomere? A) repeating unit of striated myofibrils B) storage site for calcium ions C) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle D) thin filaments are anchored here E) largely made of myosin molecules