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Techniques For Effluent Treatment: Lecture 5

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Ankur Srivastav

The document discusses various techniques for treating effluent, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. It then describes several specific chemical treatment processes in more detail, such as chlorine dioxide treatment, ozone treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and zinc oxide photocatalytic decolorization of dyes.

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Techniques For Effluent Treatment: Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Ankur Srivastav
52 views10 pages
The document discusses various techniques for treating effluent, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. It then describes several specific chemical treatment processes in more detail, such as chlorine dioxide treatment, ozone treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and zinc oxide photocatalytic decolorization of dyes.

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Lecture 5

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The document discusses various techniques for treating effluent, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. It then describes several specific chemical treatment processes in more detail, such as chlorine dioxide treatment, ozone treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and zinc oxide photocatalytic decolorization of dyes.

Copyright:

Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
52 views10 pages

Techniques For Effluent Treatment: Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Ankur Srivastav
The document discusses various techniques for treating effluent, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. It then describes several specific chemical treatment processes in more detail, such as chlorine dioxide treatment, ozone treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and zinc oxide photocatalytic decolorization of dyes.

Copyright:

Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Techniques for effluent treatment

Lecture5

Techniques for effluent treatment


Dye effluent treatment methods are classified into three main categories: 1. 2. 3. Physical treatment method Chemical treatment method Biological treatment method

There are four stages of the treatment process: Preliminary, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. 1. Preliminary treatment process includes equalization, neutralization and possibly disinfection. 2. Primarystageismainlyphysicalwhichincludesscreening,sedimentation,floatationand flocculationtoremovedebris,undissolvedchemicalsandparticularmatters. 3. Secondary stage is a combination of physical/chemical separation and biological oxidation to reduce the organic load. 4. Tertiary stages are: to serve as polishing of effluent treatment. The methods are adsorption, ion exchange, chemical oxidation, hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis), electrochemical etc.

Chlorine Dioxide Treatment


Duetohighlevelofoxidationstage(+4),chlorinedioxidehassomeuniqueproperties,areasfollows: 1. Itbleachescellulosicmaterialstohigherbrightnesslevelthanhypochloriteandhydrogenperoxide. 2. Ithassubstantialbactericidalproperties. 3. ChlorineDioxide,ingasform,cannotbesafelycompressedorliquefied. 4. ChlorineDioxide,insolutionform,canbesafelyhandled,evenatitsmaximumsolubilityinwater. ChemistryofChlorineDioxideanditsgenerationinindustry i. Chlorinegenerationofchlorinedioxide
Cl2 + H2O HCl + 2NaClO2 HOCl + HCl 2ClO2 + 2NaCl + H2O

HOCl +

ii.

Hypochloritegenerationofchlorinedioxide
NaOCl HCl + + HCl HOCl + 2NaClO2 NaCl + HOCl 2ClO2 + 2NaCl + H2O

Ozone Treatment
Ozoneissometimesusedasdisinfectantinplaceofchlorine. Basicallyairisfiltered,cooled,driedandpressurizedthensubjectedtoanelectricaldischarge ofapproximately20,000volts.TheOzoneproducedisthenpumpedintoacontactchamber whereitcontactwithwaterfor15minutes. Ozoneismoredestructivethanchlorine. Amajorconcernwithozoneistherateatwhichitdecomposesspontaneouslyinwater, accordingtothereaction:
2O3 3O2

Somechlorinemustbeaddedtomaintaindisinfectantcharacterthroughoutthewater distributionsystem.Forthispurpose,astrongoxidising agent,ferrate,isaddedtoremove heavymetalsandphosphate.

Hydrogen peroxide treatment


Decolorization ofdyesbelongingtovariousgroupswascarriedoutusingnovelfreeradicalsgenerating systemsconsistingofCu(II),organicacidsandhydrogenperoxide. Amongtheorganicacidstested,succinic acidwasthemosteffective.A24 hincubationinthepresence of10 mM Cu(II),200 mM succinic acid,and100 mM H2O2 resultedin8595%decolorization ofRemazol BrilliantBlueR(RBBR),ReactiveBlue,PolyB411,ChicagoSkyBlue,EvansBlueandMethylOrange. ThereplacementofCu(II)withothertransitionmetalswaslesseffectivebut78%decolorization was detectedinthecaseofCo(III)andsuccinic acid.Thedecolorization isduetotheformationofhydroxyl radicals,formedduringthedecompositionofH2O2 bythemetalligand complex.

Decolorization of dye wastewater by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of basic oxygen furnace slag
Thebasicoxygenfurnacewasteslag(BOFslag)generatedfromsteelmakingplantshasbeenusedindye wastewatertreatment. Itwasshowntobeeffectiveforthedecolorization ofadyechemical(acidblack1)wastewaterbyusingBOF slagwithhydrogenperoxide. Inanacidsolution,BOFslagcanbedissociatedtoproduceferrousionsandreactwithhydrogenperoxideto generatehydroxylradicalsandoxidizetargetpollutantacidblack1. Allofthefactorsthataffectthedecolorization ofacidblack1werestudiedincluding:hydrogenperoxide dosage,concentration ofBOFslag,initialconcentrationofacidblack1andpHvalueofsolution.

Decolorization and degradation of H-acid and other dyes using ferrous-hydrogen peroxide system
Thedecolorization anddegradationoftwocommercialdyesviz.,RedM5B,BlueMRandHacid,adye intermediateusedinchemicalindustriesforthesynthesisofdirect,reactiveandazo dyes. EffectofFe2+,H2O2,pH,andcontacttimeonthedegradationofthedyeswasstudied. Maximumcolor andCODremovalwasobtainedforRedMSB,HacidandBlueMRat1025mg/lofFe2+ doseand400500mg/lofH2O2 doseatpH3.0. Releaseofchlorideandsulfate fromtheFenton'streatedRedM5Bdyeandsulfate fromHacidandBlue MRindicatesthatthedyedegradationproceedsthroughcleavageofthesubstituentgroup.

Decolorization of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 by hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation.
Thedecolorization ofC.I.ReactiveBlack5bythecombinationofhydrogenperoxideandUVradiation wasdevelopedbasedonexperimentalresultsandknownchemicalandphotochemicalreactions.

Theobservedkineticreactioncoefficientwasdeterminedandcorrelatedasafunctionofhydrogen peroxideconcentrationandUVintensity. Thedecolorization ratefollowspseudofirstorderkineticswithrespecttodyeconcentration. TherateincreaseslinearlywithUVintensityandnonlinearlywithincreasinghydrogenperoxide concentration

ZINC OXIDE ASSISTED PHOTOCATALYTIC DECOLORIZATION OF REACTIVE RED 2 DYE


Thephotocatalytic decolorizations ofaqueoussolutionsofReactiveRed2dyeinthepresenceofZnO suspensionhasbeeninvestigatedwiththeuseofartificialUVAlightsources. Theeffectsofvariousparameters,suchastimeofirradiation,photocatalyst amount,pH,additionof H2O2andtemperatureonphotocatalytic degradationwereinvestigated. Therateofdecolorization wasfoundtoincreasesignificantlywithtimeofirradiation.Underoptimal conditions,theextentofdecolorization was100%after30minutesofirradiation. Optimumcatalystconcentration[Catalyst]Optwasmeasuredandfoundequalto2.5g/L1 Theoxidizingagentssuchasoxygenandhydrogenperoxideenhancethedecolorization rate.

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