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IS 3370-2 (2009): Code of Practice Concrete structures for
the storage of liquids, Part 2: Reinforced concrete
structures [CED 2: Cement and Concrete]
15 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
_
1fl1T 2 QJs6le
Indian Standard
CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR STORAGE OF
LIQUIDS - CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 2 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
( First Revision)
ICS 23.020.01; 91.080.40
BIS 2009
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK SHAVAN. 9 BAHADtJR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
June 200'J PriaGroup6


Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 2) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards. after the draft
finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.
This standard was first published in 1965. The present revision has been taken up with a view to keeping abreast
with the rapid development in the field of construction technology and concrete design and also to bring further
modifications in the light of experience gained while applying the earlier version of this standard and theamendment
issued.
The design and construction methods in reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures for the storage
of liquids are influenced by the prevailing construction practices, the physical properties of the materials and the
climatic condition. To lay down uniform requirements of structures for the storage of liquids giving due
consideration to the above mentioned factors, this standard has been published in four parts, the other parts in the
series are:
(part 1) : 2009 General requirements
(Part 3): 1967 Prestressed concrete structures
(Part 4): 1967 Design tables
While the common methods of design and construction have been covered in this standard, for design of structures
of special forms or in unusual circumstances, special literature may be referred to or in such cases special systems
of design and construction may be permitted on production of satisfactory evidence regarding their adequacy
and safety by analysis or test or by both .
In this standard it has been assumed that the design of liquid retaining structures, whether of plain, reinforced or
prestressed concrete is entrusted to a qualified engineer and that the execution of the work is carried out under the
direction of a qualified and experienced supervisor.
All requirements of IS 456 : 2000 'Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth revision)' and
IS 1343 : 1980 'Code of practice for prestressed concrete (first revision)', in so far as they apply, shall be deemed
to form part of this standard except where otherwise laid down in this standard. For a good design and construction
of structure, use of dense concrete, adequate concrete cover, good detailing practices, control of cracking, good
quality assurance measures in line with IS 456 and good construction practices particularly in relation to
construction joints should be ensured.
This revision incorporates a number of important modifications and changes, the most important of them being:
a) Scope has been clarified further by mentioning exclusion of dams, pipes, pipelines, lined structures and
damp-proofing of basements;
b) A new sub-clause on loads has been added under the clause on design;
c} Regarding method of design, it has been specified that one of the two alternative methods of design, that
is, limit state design and working stress design may be used; and
d} Provision for crack width calculations due to temperature and moisture and crack width in mature
concrete have been incorporated as Annex A and Annex B, respectively.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex C.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the results of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)' . The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

IS 3310 (Part 2) : 2009
Indian Standard
CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR STORAGE OF
LIQUIDS - CODE OF PRACTICE
PART2 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
( First Revision )
2 REFERENCES
The following standards contain provisions, which
through reference in this text. constitute provisions of
this standard. At the time of publication. the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below:
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 2) lays down the requirements
applicablespecificallyto reinforcedconcretestructures
for the storage of liquids, mainly water. These
requirements are inadditionto thegeneralrequirements
laid down in IS 3370 (Pan 1).
1.2 This standard does not cover the requirements for
reinforced and prestressed concrete structures for
storage of hot liquids and liquids oflow viscosityand
high penetratingpower like petrol. diesel oil. etc. This
standard also does not cover dams, pipes. pipelines.
lined structures and damp-proofing of basements.
Special problems of shrinkage arising in the storage
of non-aqueous liquid and the measures necessary
where chemical attack is possible are also not dealt
with. The recommendations. however. may generally
be applicable to the storage at normal temperatures of
aqueous liquids and solutions which have no
detrimental action on COncrete and steel or where
sufficient precautions are taken to ensure protection
of concrete and steel from damage due to,action of
such liquids as in the case of sewage.
/SNo.
456: 2000
1786 : 2008
3370
(Part 1) : 2009
(Part 4) :1967
TItle
Code of practice for plain and
reinforced concrete (fourth revision)
Specification for high strength bars
and wires for concrete reinforcement
(fourth revision)
Concrete structures for the storageof
liquids - Code of practice:
General requirements (first revision)
Design tables
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Design and construction of reinforced concrete liquid
retainingstructuresshall comply withthe requirements
of IS 3370 (Part I) and IS 456 unless otherwise laid
down in this standard.
4 DESIGN
4.1 General
Provisionsshall be made for conditions of stressesthat
mayoccur inaccordance withprinciplesof mechanics.
recognized methods of design and sound engineering
practice. In particular. adequate considerationshall be
given to the effects of monolithic construction in the
assessment of axial force. bending moment and shear.
4.2 Loads
Allstructures required toretainliquidsshouldbedesigned
for both the full and empty conditions. and the
assumptions regarding thearrangementsof loadingshould
be such as to cause the most critical effects. For load
combinations, waterloadshall be treatedas 'dead 10a'1'.
Liquidloads should allowfor the actual densityof the
contained liquid and possible transient conditions. for
example. suspended or deposited silt or grit where
appropriate. For ultimate limit state conditions and
working stress design, liquid levels should be taken to
the maximumlevel the liquidcan rise assumingthat the
liquidoutletsare blocked. For serviceability. limit state
conditions, theliquidlevelshouldbe takentotheworking
top liquidlevel or the overflowlevel as appropriateto
workingconditions. Allowanceshould be made for the
effects of any adverse soil pressures on the walls.
accordingtothecompactionand/orsurchargeof thesoil
and the condition of the structure during construction
and in service. No relief should be given for beneficial
soil pressure effects on the walls of containment
structures in the full condition. Loading effects due to
temperature occurs when thermal expansion of a roof
forces the walls of an empty structure into the
surrounding backfill causing passivesoil pressure. This
effectcanbereducedbyprovidingaslidingjoint between
the topof the wallandunder side of the roof whichmay
be either a temporary free sliding joint that is not cast
IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
Table 1 Permissible Coacrete Stresses in
Calculations Relating to ResistaDce
to Cracking
(Chuues 4.5.I(c). 4.5.2.1 and 6.3(b)]
i) M2S 1.3 U
ii) MJ() 1.5 2.0
iii) M3S 1.6 2.2
jy) M40 1.1 2.4
y) M4S 2.0 2.6
yj) MSO 2.1 2.1
NOTE - The YIIues of sbar JlrcsI in
sUll be.1iY= in IS4$6.
that in mature concrete shall be calculated as given in
Annex B.
4.4.3.1 Crackwidthsforreinforced concretemembersin
direct tensionand flexural tensionmay he deemedto be
satisfactory if steel S!reSS under serviceconditionsdoes
not exceed 115 N/mm
2
for plain bars and 130 N/mm
2
for high strength deformed bars.
4.5 Working Stress Design
4.5.1 Basis of Design
The design of members shall be based on adequate
resistance to cracking and adequate strength.
Calculationof stresses shall be based on the following
assumptions:
a) At any cross-section plane section remains
plane after bending.
b) Both steelandconcreteareperfectly elasticand
the modularratiohas the valuegiven in IS456.
c) Incalculationof stresses. for bothflexural and
direct tension (or combination of both)
relating to resistance to cracking. the whole
section of concrete including the cover
together with the reinforcement can be taken
into account provided the tensile stress in
concrete is limited to Table I .
d) In strength calculations the concrete has no
tensile strength.
...5.2 Permissible Stresseson Concrete
4.5.2.1 Resistance to cracking
For calculations relating to the resistance to cracking.
the permissible concrete stresses shall conform to the
values specified in Table I . Altbough cracks may
develop inpractice. compliance withassumptiongiven
in 4.5.1(c) ensures that these cracks are not excessive.
Pcnaiulble COllUde Strata,
NI
J
_-----A---_
51
No.
into a fixed or pinned connection. or a permanently
slidingjoint of IbSC:SSed limitingfriction. of
a roofmayoccuralsowherethereissubstantial vanauon
in the temperature of the containedliquid. Wherea roof
is rigidlyconnected 10 a wall thismay leadtoadditional
loading in lhe wall that should be considered in the
design. Earth coveringon reservoirroof maybetakenas
dead load . but due account should be taken of
construction loads from plant and heaped earth which
mayexceeo theintended design load.
Thejunctions betweenvariousmembers(betweenwall
and floor) intended to be constructed as rigid should
bedesignedaccordinglyandeffect of continuityshould
be accounted in design and detailing of each member.
4.3 Methods of Design
One of lhe two alternative melhods of design given
in 4.4 and4.5 for design of water retainingstructures
shan be followed:
Additionalprovisionsfordesignof floors.wallsand
roofs aregiven in 5. 6 and7 respectively.Structural
dements that arenot exposed to theliquids or to
moist conditions shall be designed in accordance
with IS 456.
..... Umit State Desip
"'''.1 Limit State Req",irtmtllts
Allrelevant limitStaleS shallbeconsidered inthedesign
to ensurean adequate degree of safetyand serviceability.
"1.1 Limit stlUe ofcollaps
The recommendations given in IS 456 shan be
followed.
...... 1.1 Limitstales ofserviceability
a) Deflection - The limits of deflection shaI1
be as per IS 456.
b) Croding - The maximumcalculalcd surface
widthof cracks for direct tensionand flex.ure
or restrainedtemperatureaod moistureeffects
shall not exceed 0.2 mmwithspecifiedcover.
4.4.1.3 Partial safety factor
The recommendationsgivenin IS456 forpartial safety
faet0r5for shall be followed.
".4.1 Basis01Design
Designanddetailing of reinforcedconcrete shall be as
specified in Section S of IS 456 except thal 37.1.1 of
IS456 shall DOl apply.

Crack widths due to the temperature and moisture
effects sha1J be calculated as given in Annex A and
2

IS 337. (Pari 2) : 1009
'lable 3 Pel ....ble Shear Stress IDCo9Crfle
(Claust 4.5.2.2. and Tablt 2)
4.S.3 hrmissible Stresses in Stee!
4.5.3.1 Resistance 10 crac1illg
The tensile stress in the steel willnecessarily be limited
by the requirement that the permissible !ensile Slres5
in thecoeerete is nOlexceeded; 50 !he tensile suess in
4.5.2.2 calculation
In strength calculations. the permissible concrete
stresses shall be inaccoo:Iance wilb Table 2and Table 3.
'lable 2 Permissible Stres.Ws ia Coocftte
All values are in N/mm
2

i)
TCIIIilc __ .. ..-bas
liS 130
lIIIlb 0iftlCI IaIIian.

ii) CompIasiYe III'CSS ill 12$ l.a
001_ subjec:lecl to
dim;lload
Sl ofSfna I. SCftI
I'n1aIIIi1IIr srr-,
Na. RdIIf_t
A.
r
HiPSIftIIIdl'
I'IMI RAlUIld
MilclSlDdBm Dd:Jrnxld BIn
(I) (2) (3) (4)
4.5.3.2 Strrngth calculations
For strenglb calculations. the: permissible stresses in
steel shall conform to the values specified in Table 4.
c) The tank. is to be lI)CCjonly for the stora&e of
water or aqueous liquids It or near ambient
temperature and the concrete neverdnes out,
and
d) Adequate precautions are taken to avoid
cracking of the concrete during the
coeseuetion period and until the lanle is put
into usc.
T.bIe .. Pel misaible StreIRs ia Sled
Reinfonaneat for Streaeth
a) The reinforcement provided nOl less than
Ibal specified in 8.
b) The recommendations of the standard with
regard to the provis ion of movement joinu
and for a suitable 51iding layer benealb the
tank. given in IS 3370 (Part I) arc complied
with.
steel shill be equal to the product of modular ratio of
steel and concrete, andthe corresponding permissible
tensile stress in concrete.
".5.4.1 Shrinlease stresses may, however. be rcquin:d
to be calculated in special cases. when a shrinkage
coefficienl of 300 )( I()-6maybe assumed.
... 5.... 2 Where reservoirs are protected with an
incemal impermeable lining. consideration should
be liven to the possibility of concrete eventually.
dry in, OUI. Unless it is establi5bc:d on the basis of
tests or experience Ibat the linin, has adequate crack
bridaing properties. allowance for the increased
effect of dryinl shrinka,e should be made in !he
design.
4.5.4 DwtoMoisnlre orTt"'IWtUttllYClttJrtges
No separate cak:ulation is requin:d for stres.es due to
moisture or temperature change in the concrete
provided that:
Gradtof PftWillibk Straa Ie
r--....,
CMCI"de C_pcuIioII Strali. Iolld
A
(Aftf1IIe) lor
r '\
I'IahI Ban I.
8cDding DiIUl
TrtUIoe
a. a.. r..
(2) (3) (4) (S)
M25 I .S 6.0 0.9
M30 10.0 1.0 1.0
MJS II .S 9.0 1.1
M40 13.0 10.0 1.2
M4S 14.S 11.0 I.3
MSO 16.0 120 14
51
I" .1-
Prnnlulbk SIImrStna I. CotIn'de
No.
W
N1
'
Gndc OrCOlICnlir
,...,.
r
-,.
M2S M30 M3S M408IId
Abovc
(I) (2) (3) (4) IS) (6)
i) sO.IS 019 0.20 0.20 020
ii) 0.2S 023 02.\ 023 0.23
iii) O.SO OJI OJI 0.31 032
Iv) 0.7S 0.36 OJ7 0.37 OJI
v) 1.00 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42
vi) US 0.44 0.4S 04S 046
vi i) I.SO 0.46 041 0.49 0.49
viii) 1.75 0.49 O.SO 0.S2 0..52
ix) 2.00 O.SI 0.S3 0.54 0.55
x) 2.25 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.S7
xi) 2.SO 0.5S 0.57 0.51 0.60
xii) 2.75 0.S6 O.s. 0.60 0.62
xiii) 3.00 IIIll Oj7 0.60 0.62 0.63
Ibofc
NOTE - A. is dill wca of \oa&i1IadNi laISioa .ciDbCCIIiUII
wtIidI COIlliIM:s asc ClIIC dm::ti'ICdllpdl bc)'Oftd die
being CIOIIIidc:ftd at:qlI 1IltlcR the full Il'aI of
llcIIsioa rcinfoRancnI may be IlSCd provided the dcUifina
lXllIIilnnIlIOlU.111ld l6.1.3 atIS456.
(I)
51
No.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
NOlES
I The values of permissible she. stress in oona'ClC we liven in
T-,*3.
1 The bond suess given ill col S shall be inaeascd by 2S
pacaJl for t.n ill compression.
3 In c:asc of deformed bm confunnina to IS 1716. lhc bond
stresIc:S gival IIboe may be inaaIsed by 60 pcrca1l
3

IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
5 FLOORS
5.1 Provisionsof Movement Jomts
Movementjoints shall be providedinaccordancewith
IS 3310 (Part I).
5.2 Floon ofTaoks RestiDg 00 Ground
The floors of tanks resting on ground shall be in
accordancewith IS 3310 (Part I).
5.3 F100n of Taoks Resting on Supports
If the tank is supported on walls or other similar
supports. the floor slab shall be designed for bending
momentsdue to water load and self weight. The worst
conditionsof loadingmay not be thosegivenin 22.4.1
of IS 456, since water level extends over all spans in
normal construction except in the case of multi-cell
tanks, these will haveto be determinedby the designer
in each particular case.
5.3.1 When the floor is rigidly connected to the walls
(as is generally the case) the bending moments at the
junction between the walls and floor shall be taken
into accounl in the design of floor together with any
direct forces transferred to the floor fromthe walls or
fromthe floor to the wall due to the suspensionof the
floor fromthe wall.
6 WALLS
6.1 ProrisiOD of Joints
6.1.1 Sliding Joints al 1M Base O/IM Wall
Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand or
contract separately from the floor, or to prevent
momentsat the base of the wallowing to fixity10 the
floor. slidingjoints may be employed.
6.1.1.1Constructionsaffecting the spacing of vertical
movement joints are discussed in IS 3310 (Part I) .
Whilethe majorityof thesejoints maybe of the partial
or complete contraction type, sufficient joints of the
expansion type should be provided to satisfy the
requirements of is3310 (Part I).
6.2 Pressure On Walls
6.2.1In liquidretainingstructureswithfixed or floating
covers,thegaspressuredevelopedaboveliquidsurface
shall be added to the liquid pressure.
6.UWhenthewall ofliquid retainingstructureis built
in groundor has earth embanked against it. the effect
of earth pressure shall be taken into account as
discussedin IS 3370 (Part I).
6.3W"ofTaoks Rectanplar or PoI)'IOoaI in Plao
Whiledesigning the walls of rectangular or polygonal
4
concrete tanks, the following points should be taken
care of:
a) In plane walls. the liquid pressure is resisted
by both vert ical and horizontal bending
moments. An estimate of the bending
moments in the vertical and horizontal planes
should be made . The horizontal tension
caused bythe direct pull due to water pressure
on end wallsshould beadded to that resulting
from horizontal bending moment.
b) On liquid retaining faces, the tensile stresses
due to the combination of direct horizontal
tension and bending action shall satisfy the
following condition:
where
CTe( =calculated direct tensile stress in
concrete.
Oet = permissibledirect tensilestress in
concrete (seeTable I).
OeM' =calculated tensile stress due to
bending in concrete. and
a
cbc
=permissible tensile stress due to
bendingin concrete (see Table I).
c) At the vertical edges where the walls of a
reservoir are rigidly joined, horizontal
reinforcement and haunch bars should be
provided to resist the horizontal bending
moments. even if the walls arc designed to
withstand the whole load as vertical beams
or cantilever without lateral supports.
In the case of rectangular or polygonal tanks, the side
walls act as two way slabs. whereby the wall is
continuedor restrainedinthe horizontal direction. fixed
or hinged at the bottom and hinged or free at the top.
The walls thus act as thin plates subject to triangular
loadingand withboundaryconditions varyingbetween
full restraint and free edge. The analysis of moment
and forces maybe madeon the basis of any recognized
method. However. moment coefficients, for boundary
conditions of wall panels for some common cases arc
given in IS 3370 (Part 4) for general guidance.
6.4 Walls of Cylindrical Tanks
While designing walls of cylindrical tanks, the
following points should be borne in mind:
a) Walls of cylindrical tanks are either cast
monolithically with the base or are set in
grooves and keyways (movement joints). In
either case deformation of the wall under the
influence of liquid pressure is restricted at the
base.
b) Unle ss the extent of fixity at the base is
established by anal) sis with due consideration
to the dimensions of the base slab. the type of
joint between the wall and slab and the type:
of soil supporting the base slab. it is advisable
to assume wall to be fully fixed at the base.
Coefficient for ring tension and vertical moments for
different conditions of the walls for some common
cases are given in IS 3370 (Part 4) for general
guidance.
7 ROOFS
7.1 Provision of Movement Joints
To avoid the possibility of sympathetic cracking. it is
important to ensure that movement joints in the roof
correspond with those in walls if roof and walls are
monolithic. If, however. provision is made by means
of a sliding joint for movement between the roof and
the wall, correspondence of joints is not important ,
7.2 Water-Tightness
In case of tanks intended for the storage of water for
drinking purposes, the roof must be made water-tight.
This may be achieved by limiting the stresses as for
IS 3310 (Pan 2) : 2009
the rest of the tank or by use of the covering of
waterproof membrane or by providing slopes to ensure
adequate drainage.
8
8.1 Minimum Reinforcement
8.1.1 The minimum reinforcement in walls. floors and
roofs in each of two directions at right angles. within
each surface zone shall not be less than 0.:\5 percent
of the surface zone, cross section as shown in Fig. I
and Fig. 2 for high strength deformed bars and not
less than 0.64 percent for mild steel reinforcement bars .
The minimum reinforcement can be further reduced
to 0.24 percent for deformed bars and 0.40 percent for
plain round bars for tanh having any dimension nOl
more than 15 m. In wall slabs less than 200 mrn in
thickness. the calculated amount of reinforcement may
all be placed in one face . For ground slabs less than
:lOO rnmthick (su Fig. 2) the calculated reinforcement
should be placed in one face as near as possible [0 the
upper surface consistent with the nominal cover. Bar
spacing should generally not exceed :\00 OlIO or the
thickness of [he section. whichever IS less .
8.2 Size of Ban, Distance BetwHn Ban. Laps and
Bends - Size of bars . distance between bars. lap!> and
bends in bars. and fixing or han shall be in accordance
with IS 456 .
NOTE - ForD< 500 mm, assc.me ead'l rW'dolament lace controls endeptI'l0100I'lCt8tlI.
For D,. 500 mm assume each reinforcement face controls 2SO mm depth 01concrete,
ignoring anycentral core beyoncllhis sUl1ace dep1h.
FIG. I SURFACE ZoNES: WAUS AND SUSPNDED SLAas
5

IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
~ O ~ o ---l
UNDER
300mm NO BOTTOM
_1__ ~ REINFORCEMENT
~ r
I on
300mc;., TO __I
~ ~ 1
'L _-:-:-::t
100mm
f
-I
o
OVER
500mm
L 1.-/"77 rr777'/77"r/77"r/"".'7 7"//7
FIG. 2 SURFACE ZoNES: GROUNDED SLABS
ANNEXA
(Foreword, and Clause4.4.3)
CRACK WIDTHDUE TO TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE
A-I CALCULATION OF MINIMUM REIN- Grade of M25 M30 M35 M40 M45 M50
FORCEMENT CRACK SPACING AND CRACK concrete
WIDTHS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE fa' N/mm
21.15
1.3 1.45 1.6 I.7 1.8
AND MOISTURE EFFECTS IN THIN SECTION f
y
= characteristic strength of the reinforcement.
A-I.I The design procedures given in A-I.2 to A-I.3
areappropriate to long continuous wall or floor slabs
of thin cross section. A-2 considers thick sections.
A-I.2 Minimum Reinforcement
To be effective indistributing cracking. the amount of
reinforcement provided needs to be at least as great as
that given by the formula;
Peri, = critical steel ratio, that is, the minimumratio,
of steel area to the gross area of the whole
concrete section, required to distribute the
cracking;
h, = direct tensile strength of the immature
concrete, which is taken as given below:
where
_fa
Pcril- f,
.. .(1)
6
For ground slabs under 200 mm thick the minimum
reinforcement may be assessed on the basis of
thickness of 100 mm and placed wholly in the top
surface with cover not exceeding 50 mm. The top
surface zone for ground slab from 200 to 500 mm
thick may be assessed on half the thickness of the
slab. For ground slabs over 500 mm thick, consider
them as 'thick' sections with the bottom surface zone
only 100 mm thick.
A-I.3 Cracks can be controlled by choosing the
spacing of movement joint and the amount of
reinforcement. The three main options are summarized
in Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part I) .
A-l .4 Crack Spacing
When sufficient reinforcement is provided to distribute
cracking the likely maximum spacing of crack SMu
shall be given by the formula:
IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
For immature concrete, the value of ;: may be taken
as unity for plain round bars and 213 for deformed bars.
The above formula may be expressed for design
purposes as:
where
fc. = ratio of the tensi le strength of the concrete
J;, (fc,) 10 the average bond strengt h between
concrete and steel,
" = size of each rein forc ing bar, and
p = steel ratio based on the gross concrete
section.
cc = coefficient of thermal expansion of mature
con crete, and
T
I
= fall in temperature between the hydration
peak and ambient.
Th e valu e of T
1
depends on the temperature of
concret ing, cement content, thickness of the member
a nd material for shutters. As guideline, it is
recommended to use T, = 30
DC
for concreting in
summer and 20
DC
for concreting during winter, when
stee l shutters are used. For other conditions, the value
of T
1
may be appropriately increa sed.
In addition to the temperature fall T
I
, there can be a
further fall in temperature, T
2
due to seasonal variations .
The consequent thermal contractions occur in the mature
concret e for which the factors controlling cracking
behaviour are substantially modified. The ratio of the
tensile strength of concrete to bond strength, is
appreciably lower for mature concrete. In addition, the
restraint along the base of the member tends to be much
more uniform and less susceptible to stress raisers , since
a considerable shear resistance can be developed along
the entire length of the construction joint.
Although precise data arenot available for these effects
a reasonable estimate may be assumed that the
combined effect of these factors is to reduce the
estimated contraction by half. Hence the value of w....
when taking an additional seasonal temperature fan
into account is given by:
A-I THICK SEcrIONS
where
W"'u. = +7;) ... (6)
2
When movement joints are provided at not more than
15m centres, the subsequent temperature fall, T2, need
not be considered.
For 'thick' sections, major causes of cracking are the
differences which develop between the surface zones
and the core of the section. The thickness of concrete
which can be considered to be within the ' surface zone '
is somewhat arbitrary. However, site observations have
indicated that the zone thicknesses for D >500 mm in
Fig . I and Fig. 2 are appropriate for thick sections,
and the procedure for calculating thermal crack control
reinforcement in thick sections is same as that for thin
sections.
The maximum temperature rise due to heat of hydration
to be consideredshouldbe the average value for the entire
width of section. The temperature rise to be considered
for the core should be at least Iwehigher than the value
which would be assumed for the entire section.
. . .(3)
.. . (2)
' " (4)
. . . (5)
W
Mu
=s"'u e

wMas = 2 I
where
n
b =
b
=
D
=
where
number of bars in width of section,
width of section;
overall dep th of member, and
SMu= obtained from W
Mu
'
The width of a fully developed crack due to drying
shrinkage and 'heat of hydration' contraction in lightly-
reinforced restrained walls and slabs may be obtained
from:
e = fEa + Ere - (100 x 1(t6)]
w
Mu
= estimated maximum crack width,
sMu = estimated likely maximum crack spacing,
e.. =estimated shrinkage strain, and
tic = estimated total thermal contraction after
peak temperature due to heat of hydration.
For immature concrete the effective coefficient of
thermal contraction may be taken as one half of the
value for mature concrete (due to the high creep strain
in immature concrete). .
For walls exposed to normal climatic conditions the
shrinkage strain less the associated creep strain is
generally less than the ultimate concrete tensile strain
of about 100 x t(f6 unless high shrinkage aggregates
are used. Hence the value of W
Mu
for cooling to
ambient from the peak hydration temperature may be
assumed to be:
7

IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
ANNEXB
(Foreword, and Clause 4.4.3)
CRACK WIDTIIS IN MATURE CONCRETE
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm:
b,(D-.1')(a'-x)
&z = 3E.A,(d-.1')
B.1 ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN
FLEXURE
Provided that the strain in the tension reinforcement is
limited to 0.8 fiE, and the stress in the o n r t ~ is
limited to 0.45 lcD- the design surface crack Width
should not exceed theappropriate value given in4.4.1.2
and may be calculated from equation (7) :
&.1=
Ub, (D- .1')(0'- x)
3E,A,(d-x)
... (8)
.. . (9)
B-2 AVERAGE STRAIN IN FLEXURE
where
w =design surface crack width.
Dc> =distance from the point considered to the
surface of the nearest longitudinal bar,
&., = aw:rage strain at the level where the cracking
is being considered. To be calculated in
accordance with 8-1.
C.... =minimum cover to the tension steel,
D =overall depth of the members, and
.l' =depth of neutral axis.
where
&1
&.1
=
b, =
D =
.r =
E. =
A, =
d =
d =
30,,..
2(0" -C.... )
1+ - - ---
D-.1'
. .. (7)
strain at the level considered.
strain due to the stiffening effect of concrete
between cracks.
width of section at the centroid of the tension
steel,
overall depth of the member.
depth of the neutral axis,
modulus of elasticity of reinforcement,
areaof tension reinforcement,
effective depth, and
distance from the compression face to the
point at which the crack width is being
calculated.
The average strain at the level where cracking is being
considered. is assessed by calculating the apparent
strain using characteristic loads and normal clastic
lheory. Where flexure is predominanl hut some tension
exists at the section. the depth of the neutral axis should
be adjusted. Thecalculated apparent strain, &, is then
adjusacd to take into acccunt the stiffening effect of
the concrete between cracks Cz. The value of the
stiffening effect may be assessed from B3, and
,. = , - 6i
where
&., = IVCfale strain It the level where cracking is
being considered,
&, = strain at the level considered, and
6i = strain due to stiffening effect of concrete
between cracks.
B-3 STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN
FLEXURE
The stiffening effect of the concrete may be assessed
by deducting from the apparent strain a value obtained
from equations (8) or (9) .
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm:
8
B-4 ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN
DIRECT TENSION
Provided that the strain in the reinforcement is limited
to 0.8fiE,. the design crack width should not exceed
the appropriate value given in 8 of IS 3370 (Part I)
and may be calculated from equation (10) :
w=3a.,tl.. . .. (10)
where C. is assessed in accordance with U.S.
U.SAVERAGE STRAIN IN DIRECT TENSION
The average strain is assessed by calculating the
apparent strain using characteristic loads and normal
elastic theory. The calculated apparent strain is then
adjusted to take into account the stiffening effect of
the concrete between cracks. The value of the stiffening
effect may be assessed from 8-'.
B-6 STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN
DIRECT TENSION
The stiffening effect of the concrete may be assessed
bydeducting from the apparent strain a value obtained
fromequation (II) or ( 12) .
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm:

IS 3370(Part Z) : ZOO9
b, = width of the: section at the centroid of the
tension steel,
IJ = overall depth of the member.
E, = modulus of elasticJly of reinforcement, and
A, = area of tension reinforcement.
The stiffening effect (acton should not be interpolated
or extrapolated and apply only for the: crack widths
stated.
. . . (11)
.. . (12)
b,D
t1 =,A.
= strain due to stiffening effect,
2b,D
t1 = 3,A.
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm:
ANNEXC
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSmON
Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CEO 2
0rraN1D1ioft
Delhi Tourismand Transportation CArponrion
Ltd. NewDdhi
ACC Ltd. Mumbai
Atomic Energy Relul.tory Board. Mumbai
Building Material. and Tc:c:hnoloi)' Promotion Couecil,
New Delhi
Cement Corporation of India Limited. New Delhi
Cement Manuf.... '1W"c:n A-..:iaIiuo. Noida
Central Board of Irriplioa and Powcc. New DcIbi
Central Building Research Institute: (CSIR). Roork
Central Public: Work. Dcpu1mcnt. New Delhi
Central Road RCIC&Idl lnslil1llC(CSIR). New Delhi
Central Soil and MaIcriaI. Rcseardl Station. New Delhi
Central W.ler Commission. New Dc:lhi
Conmat TcclmoloJie. Pvt lid. Kolk.t.
Constntc:tion Industry Development Council. New Delhi
Dc:lhi Dc:velopmcm Authority. New Delhi
Dircetoru: Genc:nI of Supplica &; Disposals. New Dc:lbi
En&inccn IndiaUmilCd. New Delhi
Ay Ash Unit, Dcpu1mc:nl of Science &; TcdlnoloaY.
Ministryof Scic:nce &; Tc:chnoIoJy. NewDelhi

Stuta Jmf. KuaAH
SItRI NAYIla< e-A
S_ P. SalNlvASAH
DR Pa_a C. B,ulJ
SHII L R. 8.-. (AW""",)
SHI1 J. K. ...... ..."
SHII C. N. JM'"
SKII R. R
SHIu M. K. Ao.\awAi
SH.. E. N. Mu-11f"
Da S. P. OItoallA/"""",)
MDlIIEIl SEaa...."
(Ovu.) (AI""",,,)
0.. B. K. RAIl
Da S. K. AGAaWAl. (A/,,",,*)
Oau EMx_ (DI:sx<)
I!MF.a (s&S) (A"'rna,,)
Da RAM KUMAa
S_ SAr_ KUMAa (AI"mD")
SHIll MULUI RATNAM
S_ N. O'A"O.WEIr.MlAN lA/_)
o.arnoa (OCOO) CN&W)
o..rvn Ownu. (eMOO) (NW&S) (AI,motU,)
0. A. K. CHArJUJEI'
SMa! P R S......v
SHII RA., JAIN (AlI,mall')
SHa, A. P. s.-
SHaJ B. 8 . Aln (AI,,",,,,,)
SHIu P. K.
Stw A. K. M !tuH"..... (Allrma,,)
SHlU AavlHD KUMAa
S_ A. K. MISHRA (AIII'ma,,)
Da Vi..... . Ku.....
SMa' Ml'lttSHMA1lfI... (II//una,,)
9

IS 3370 (Part Z) : 2009
rrUlti:UIIUII
Gammon India Limlled.
GnIim LimilEd. Mumbai
HOUIillJ IIId Urllan Development CorponIIion Umired.
Sew Dd!!i
Indian Bveau of Mines, NAfllUI
IDdi.Ia Jnstjl1llC of TcchaolocY. Roortce
Iadiaa RC*Is CongJas. New Delhi
Jllltil1llC fe. ResearclI. Developmenl It Trainm, of
COIISlI'IICIioa TI1Idc..
1JIIti11llC fe. Solid WMac RClCal'Ch &; EcoiOlicaJ Balance.
VisakhapImam
M8dr.- e-ta Lad, 0IcMai
MiJiwy Scnica. EapDecr-ia-Cbiers BI'lIDCh,
AzfII'J .......1EiS, NewDdhi
MIlIislry of R_ T...-port A HipwaY$. Nao Delhi
NMMIaaI e-'iI for <:-1 ..t BlIiIdlllJ MaIuiaIs,
BaIIaIII-fl
N__ lac Houc. Kol.bla
OCt. IIIlIia UaUred. New Delhi
hblic WOIb DLpal-' Gowcnunca of MlIIIIbM
WuRs 0epw1me... GcnemlllCat of Tarail N8du.. Oteanai
Oaip ol sc-a.rdI Orpnizalioa (Minillry of Railways).
lAd:_
Sanpai laduslrlea Limilrd. Sanp Nap. Ranp Reddy Disrricl
10

SHal S. A . RUlUI
SHIll V. N. HEGGAllE
SHill A. K. JAIN
SHRI M. C. AGIlA:ro'Al
SHill C. M. DoIlDt
SHill B. K. JAGT\A
CHAoIllMAN AND MANAGING DtItCTOR
SHRI V. ARIIL KUMAR
SIlIU S. S. OM
SHIU MEI:'Rl1l H...sAN (Alttmau)
SHaI L N. Am;
SHa1 D. SIllNIVASAH
"-oF V. K. GunA
OIl BIM'INDF.& SINGH
SIDEI'AIIY GENew.
DIaJ;croK(Allernate)
OIl N. RAGIlAVf.NllaAo
OIl N. BI:ANUMATlllDAS
S_ N. K.u.JrMs (AIIU71l/1t)
SHaI V. JALiANAT1WI
SHRI BAUJI K. MOOCTHY (Alremare)
Slw J. B. SitAaNA
Sua YOOI!SK Saow. (AlrenttJU)
S..u A. N. DltooAPt.Aa
S- S. K. PulU lAl1enttJU)
SHRI R. C. W...-
Da M. M. Au
SHRI B. R. MWIAo
S_n S. A. KAusml (Alrel'1ll/lt)
Slllu U. S. P. Vf.&MAo
SMa! AJMNll SHRIVATIlYA
OIl S. C. AHLuwAuA

SUPIIIImMlDlO ENoiNmt (DEsKiN)
ExIlC\1TM
SHRI R. M. SHAo.....
SMa! V. K. YAllAYA (Alk/lltlll!)
SHRI D. B. N. RAO
OIl H. K. PIITlWIt (Allt/lltlll!)
OaF fMcDe!a DAM)
I!lGNEEa (Alul'7llZk)
SHIt, A. C!tEu.APrluI



s.. P. D. ICaLo\I
S- S. J. Sawt (AlunlQll!)
OIl H. C. VISVESYAilAYA
S- 8IIuta s.o. (AIIl!/lIaIe)
s.r SuuKro e-n.un
S- 8&swMT DHAa

OrgUltilJll
lO
"
VolunW)' Organ iution in (nteresl of CQlUUmer Ed.la&iOll,
New Delhi
BIS Directorate General
IS 3370 (Part 2) : .,

Slcll HUONfT Kl '.....
SMaA. K. SAlHl . Scielltill "F' &t Head Eng)
Diftdot Gmt:nI

S..., SANJn PANT
Scicntill ' E' &. Direclor Enul. BIS
SHR I S . AIllIN K l ......
Scjenris; ' B' (Civ En"I. BIS
Concrete Subcommittee. CEO 2 : 2
Delhi Tourism &. Transportation Developmcnl Curporation
LId. NewDelhi
ACC Ltd. Mumbai
AlOmic Energy RcgularoryBoard, Mumbai
Buildin! MaIeriaIs andTedInoloc PromotionCouncil.
New Delhi
Cenlrll Building Research Institute (CSIR). Roortce
Cenlrll Public WOIb Deputmcnl. NewDelhi
CcnuaJ Rl*! Resean:h Inllitute ('SIR). Ne-A' Delhi
Cenlrll Soil &. Materials Resean:h Sl.IlIon. New Delhi
Ccnlnl Waler Commission . New Delh i
Engincen India Limited. NewDelhi
A)' Ash Uttil, Dep.tmmt of Science Md TcchnoloJY.
Minislry of Science &. lCdInoIOC. New Delhi
Gammoa India Limitlod. Mumbai
Grasim Industries LId. Mtunbai
Gujarlll Ambaja Cement Limited, Ahmedabed
Indian InstitulI: of TedlnolO!)'. Kanpur
Indian Instit1Ite of TecbnoloV. Roortee
Lanen IIld Toubro Limitrd., Chcanai
Militar)' Engineer Eogineerin-Cbier. Branch.
Army Hcadqunm. NewDelhi
11
S... ANIL BANClMlll
S- P. (Alk_)
OIl Pa.-. C. Buu
S- L. It 8-.Jl (A1u_)
S- J. K. I'LuAo
S- pAlCAJ 0\wrA
OIl B. K. RAD
OIl S. K. Aa.uIw.L (AIu_)

ExIlCVl1VZ

S- S_K_(A,....)
SJe. MI-.uD RATMAM
S.. N. ClwolIlAJQQI.IMI (AI"_I
D1aIIl"TlJl (C&-.MDDI
0Durt DlIInoI (eaMDD) lAW-I
S_ Ar.vvoo KlIMA.
s... T. BAIAAI <AIU-I
DI V/MAl. KUMA.
S- MUUSIl MA11tlJlI
S_ S. A. kBlDl
OIl N. K. NAYAI (All",,,,,,)
SIeI A. K. JAIN
S- M. C. AoaA.". (Alumalrl
s.. C. M. DoaDI
s.. B. K. JAamA (AI,._)
.... M. S SIlETrt
S- L. N. An-. (Allr_)
Oa B. BtlATTACKAIJIl:
OIl AsNOIl K\IIlIIAIl JAIN
OIl B. StvUAlo4A S_
s.. ICJM;suy J. D. e-r
Bll c R. K.
Cot. V. K. BADGI..... (,,"'_)

IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
OrganillJli()fI
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. New Delhi
National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited.
New Delhi
National Council for Cement & Building Materials.
Ballabgarh
National Institute of Technology. Warangal
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Mumbai
Pidilite lnduslries Limited, Mumbai
Ready Mixed Concrete Manufacturers' Association. Bangalore
Research, Design &: Standards Organization (Ministry of Railways),
Lucknow
Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR). Cbennai
Tandon Consultants Private Limited, NewDelhi
TCE Consulting Engineers Limited. Mumbai
Torsteel Research Foundation in India, New Delhi
In personal capacity (35. Pari. AvenI/e. Annamma,
Naid:er KJutiamuthllr,
In personal capacity (36. Old 5Mh Nagar, Wardha Raad.
Nagpl/r)
Representativeis}
SHRI T. B. BANERlf
SHRl KAMISH KUM AR (A/lemale)
SHRI L. P. SINGH
SHRI DARSHAN SINGH (A/lema/e)
SHRJ R. C. WASON
SHRI H. K. JULKA (A//emale)
DR C. B. KAMESwARA RAO
OR D . RAMA SESHU (A/temalt)
SHRl U. S. P. VERMA
SHRl ARvlND SHRIVATAVA (Alltmale)
SHRI P. L. PATRY
SIlIlI K. PADMAKAR (Alltmate)
SHRI VUAYKUMAR R. KULKARNI
JOIKT DnlEcroR STANI>AIlDS (B&:S)/CB-I
Joorr DtIlECTOll STANa"RDS (B&S)/CB-!1 (Alternate)
SHRI T. S. KRISHNAMOORTHY
SHRI K. Bf\LMUBRAMANlAN (Alternate)
SHRI MAHESH TANOON
SHRI VINAY GuPTA (A/temate)
SHRI J. P. H"RAN
SHRI S. M. PAlEK"R (Altemate)
DR P. C. CHOWDHURY
DR C. S. (Altemate)
DR C. RAlKUMAR
SHRI Lurr KUWAR JAIN
Panel for Revision errs 3370 (Parts 1 and 2). CED 2 : 2JPI
National Council for Cement and Building Material.
BaIlabgazh
In persoaaI capacity (36. Old 5Mh Nagar, Wardha Rood.
Nagpl/r)
Central Road Researm Institule (CSlR). New Delhi
Delhi Tourism and TransportAtion Development Corpontion
Ltd, NewDelhi
Gammon India Ltd, Mumbai
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi
lndia:1 Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Military Engineer Services. Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch.
Anny Headquarters, NewDelhi
Nalioaal Council for Cement andBuilding Material.
BaIIabgarh
Scbool of Planning aDd Architecture. New Delhi
Stnx:tDJa1 Engineering Resarch Centre (CSIR). Olcnnai
TCE Consulting Engineers Limited, Mumbai
In personal capacity (K-U2. Kavi NalIar, GhcWabat!)
12
ORANn. KUMAR (CoMerur 18 October 20(6)
SHRI LALIT KUMAR JAIN (CODetlU since /8 October 20(6)
DIRf.CTOtl
SHRI SATANDfJl KlJMAIl <Alternate)
SIlIlI JOSE KURIAIl
SHRI S. A. REDOI
OR S. N. SII'lIlA
DR AsHOK K. JAIN
SHRI J. B. SHARMA
SHRI YOGESH K. SINOHAl (A/ternate)
SIlIlI H. K. JUlKA
SIlIlI R. C. WASON (A.lurnate)
ORV. TIURUVEN<JAD.\M

SHRI K. BAlASIIB&AMANIAN (A.lternate)
SHIll S. M. Pf\WWl
SHRJ S. KmHNA (A/temate)
ORA. K. MmAL

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