The Egyptian Center for Studies of Export & Import ‫اد‬

The Egyptian Center for Studies of Export & Import ‫"! اد‬#$‫ت ا)"('& و ا‬+#‫( ى )'را‬.)‫ ا‬/‫ آ‬.
)‫ا‬
The Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)
GAFTA was declared within the Social and Economic Council of the Arab League as an
executive program to activate the Trade Facilitation and Development Agreement
that has been in force since January 1st, 1998. The GAFTA includes in its membership
17 Arab countries:
1.Bahrain 7.Libya 13.Sudan

2.Egypt 8.Morocco 14.Syria
3.Iraq 9. Oman. 15. Tunis
4.Jordan 10.Palestine 16.United Arab Emirates
5.Kuwait 11. Qatar 17.Yemen
6.Lebanon 12. Saudi Arabia
♣ GAFTA is one of the most important economic achievements in the area of

Arab common work. It contributes to efforts towards establishing the Arab
Common Market.
♣ As of January 1st, 2005, the agreement reached full trade liberalization of

goods through the full exemption of customs duties and charges having
equivalent effect between all Arab countries members of the GAFTA, except
Sudan and Yemen being less developed countries where customs duties and
charges having equivalent effect will be reduced by 16% annually as of
January 1st , 2005 to reach full exemption by the end of 2010 (pursuant to the
resolution of the Arab League Council at its 14th meeting in Beirut regarding
offering less developed Arab countries preferential treatment).
♣ Also, Arab countries that do not require authentication of certificates of origin

and accompanying documents by embassies and Consulates:
Page 1
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The Egyptian Center for Studies of Export & Import ‫"! اد‬#$‫ت ا)"('& و ا‬+#‫( ى )'را‬.)‫ ا‬/‫ آ‬.)‫ا‬
1. Bahrain 7.Oman
2. Egypt 8. Saudi Arabia
3. Kuwait 9. Sudan
4. Lebanon 10. Syria
5. Lybia 11. Tunisia
6. Morocco 12. United Arab Emirates
(certification fees were cancelled but
authentication is still required)
To further contribute to economic integration among Arab countries through

liberalizing trade in both goods and services, Arab countries are currently engaged in
negotiations to liberalize services and investments among them.
Council of Arab Economic Unity:
The Council of Arab Economic Unity agreement was established in June 1957 by a
resolution of the Arab Economic and Social Council of the Arab League. The Council's
objective is to achieve economic integration among Arab countries with the view of
establishing an Arab Common Market. The Council of Arab Economic Unity held its
first session in Cairo in June 1964, being responsible for administrating the
Agreement on Arab Economic Unity and supervising its implementation.
Establishing Countries of The Council of Arab Economic Unity:

1. Egypt 7. Somalia
2. Iraq 8. Sudan
3. Libya 9. Syria
4. Jordan 10.Tunisia
5. Mauritania 11.U.A. Emirates
6. Palestine 12. Yemen
Members of the Council of Arab Economic Unity:

1. Egypt 6. Somalia
2. Iraq 7. Sudan
3. Jordan 8. Syria
4. Mauritania 9. Yemen
5. Palestine
The Council of Arab Economic Unity has under its umbrella a number of agreements
that aim to encourage Arab investments:
♣ Non-Double Taxation,
♣ Tax Evasion, and Establishing Common Rules on Income and
♣ Capital Agreement, signed on Dec. 3rd 1997.
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The Egyptian Center for Studies of Export & Import ‫"! اد‬#$‫ت ا)"('& و ا‬+#‫( ى )'را‬.)‫ ا‬/‫ آ‬.)‫ا‬
Members up to date are:
Jordan, Sudan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen.
♣ Non-Double Taxation and Income Tax Evasion Agreement, signed on Dec. 6th
1998. Members up to date are:
♣
Jordan, Sudan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen.
Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed on June 7th 2000. Members
up to date are: Jordan, Sudan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Libya.
Investment Dispute Settlement in Arab countries, signed on Dec 6th 2000.
Members are: Jordan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Libya.
Item GAFTA Agreement
Validity Pursuant to Decision No. 1317 D 59, the Economic and Social Council, at a
meeting held on 19/2/1997, adopted the Executive Program and set a
timeline for the establishment of an Arab Free Trade Area in accordance
with the 1981 Agreement for Facilitation and Promotion of Trade among
Member Countries.
Entry into Force The Agreement entered into force on 1/1/1998.
Duty-Free Products All trade among Arab member countries was subject to a gradual phase-
out from 1/1/1998 until 1/1/2005, which was the timeline set for
establishing the Arab Free Trade Area. During the liberalization process
Member countries were able, as per agreement during the
implementation process, to schedule certain commodities for immediate
liberalization. The FTA applies to all products as follows: Agricultural and
animal products, from Chapters 1 to 24, whether in their raw or processed
form.
During the liberalization process member countries were able to exclude
from tariff reductions certain agricultural products depending on the
production season. However, since 1/1/2005 all agricultural products
became exempt from customs duties and other fees and charges having
similar effect.
Industrial products from HS Chapters 25 up to 96.
Provisions cited in this Program shall not apply to products or materials
banned from importation, circulation or use in any member country for
reasons related to religion, health, security and environment or because
of quarantine rules. Member countries are required to submit a list of
these products, as well as a list of any related amendments.
These provisions do not apply to commodities produced in free zones
where specific procedures are yet to be established in connection with the
treatment of such products.
Preferential Reduction rates reached zero level by 2005.

Treatment
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The Egyptian Center for Studies of Export & Import ‫"! اد‬#$‫ت ا)"('& و ا‬+#‫( ى )'را‬.)‫ ا‬/‫ آ‬.

The Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)

1.Bahrain 7.Libya 13.Sudan

♣ GAFTA is one of the most important economic achievements in the area of

♣ As of January 1st, 2005, the agreement reached full trade liberalization of

♣ Also, Arab countries that do not require authentication of certificates of origin

ECSEI www.ecsei-eg.com info@ecsei-eg.com

The Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)

To further contribute to economic integration among Arab countries through

Council of Arab Economic Unity:

Establishing Countries of The Council of Arab Economic Unity:

Members of the Council of Arab Economic Unity:

ECSEI www.ecsei-eg.com info@ecsei-eg.com

The Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)

Members up to date are:

Jordan, Sudan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen.

Item GAFTA Agreement

Entry into Force The Agreement entered into force on 1/1/1998.

Preferential Reduction rates reached zero level by 2005.

ECSEI www.ecsei-eg.com info@ecsei-eg.com

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