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    5 PD Training PD Diagnostics Switchgear

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    bcqbao
    This document discusses partial discharge (PD) diagnostics for switchgears. It describes different PD detection principles including acoustic, UHF/VHF/RF, and IEC 60270 methods. Acoustic detection uses ultrasonic transducers to detect PD. UHF detection senses transient electromagnetic waves from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. IEC 60270 is the standard measurement circuit that requires a connection to the conductor. The document outlines common PD fault scenarios and provides examples of PD measurements during switchgear commissioning tests and acoustic detection. It concludes with a summary of different PD monitoring solutions for switchgears based on the discussed detection methods.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    5 PD Training PD Diagnostics Switchgear

    Uploaded by

    bcqbao
    392 views22 pages
    This document discusses partial discharge (PD) diagnostics for switchgears. It describes different PD detection principles including acoustic, UHF/VHF/RF, and IEC 60270 methods. Acoustic detection uses ultrasonic transducers to detect PD. UHF detection senses transient electromagnetic waves from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. IEC 60270 is the standard measurement circuit that requires a connection to the conductor. The document outlines common PD fault scenarios and provides examples of PD measurements during switchgear commissioning tests and acoustic detection. It concludes with a summary of different PD monitoring solutions for switchgears based on the discussed detection methods.

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    This document discusses partial discharge (PD) diagnostics for switchgears. It describes different PD detection principles including acoustic, UHF/VHF/RF, and IEC 60270 methods. Acoustic detection uses ultrasonic transducers to detect PD. UHF detection senses transient electromagnetic waves from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. IEC 60270 is the standard measurement circuit that requires a connection to the conductor. The document outlines common PD fault scenarios and provides examples of PD measurements during switchgear commissioning tests and acoustic detection. It concludes with a summary of different PD monitoring solutions for switchgears based on the discussed detection methods.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    392 views22 pages

    5 PD Training PD Diagnostics Switchgear

    Uploaded by

    bcqbao
    This document discusses partial discharge (PD) diagnostics for switchgears. It describes different PD detection principles including acoustic, UHF/VHF/RF, and IEC 60270 methods. Acoustic detection uses ultrasonic transducers to detect PD. UHF detection senses transient electromagnetic waves from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. IEC 60270 is the standard measurement circuit that requires a connection to the conductor. The document outlines common PD fault scenarios and provides examples of PD measurements during switchgear commissioning tests and acoustic detection. It concludes with a summary of different PD monitoring solutions for switchgears based on the discussed detection methods.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that partial discharge diagnostics are important for assessing the health of switchgears and transformers to ensure safe operation and prolong their lifetimes. Different methods like acoustic, UHF/VHF/RF can be used to detect partial discharges.

    The different methods for detecting partial discharges discussed are acoustic detection using ultrasonic transducers and UHF/VHF/RF detection using antennas, couplers and sensors.

    Factors that can cause partial discharges discussed include defects in the dielectric like voids, cracks and delaminations as well as external factors like free particles, moisture, poor contacts and shielding.

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Switchgears

    Dipl.-Ing. Falk-Rdiger Werner Doble Lemke, Germany info@doble-lemke.eu

    Contents

    1. Introduction 2. PD Detection Principles on Switchgears 3. PD Measurements on Switchgears

    4. Summary of PD Solutions for Switchgears


    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers 2

    1. Introduction
    1.1 Why online PD diagnostics on switchgears?

    Why online PD diagnostics on switchgears?


    Risk assessment Health assessment under online conditions No downtimes

    Detection of problems at an early stage Planning of maintenance work


    To ensure safe operation and to prolong the assets liftetime
    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers 3

    1. Introduction
    1.1 Why online PD diagnostics on switchgears?

    Why online PD diagnostics on switchgears?

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    1. Introduction
    1.2 PD Fault Scenarios

    Partial Discharges in Gases:


    Corona discharge
    Sharp edges Conductors with too small diameter Sharp edged particles
    Sharp Edge Thin Wire Particle

    Surface discharges
    Generally faced problem Countermeasures

    Arrangements for Surface Discharges

    [Kchler, 1996]

    Glow discharges

    Streamer Discharges

    Capacitive potential grading at bushings Geometric field grading at terminations Prolongation of leakage distance and hydrophobic surfaces on insulators

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    1. Introduction
    1.2 PD Fault Scenarios

    Defects in the dielectric causing PD:


    (solid insulation systems)

    Voids, cavities Cracks Delaminations


    Voids without (1) or with (2) electrode contact and delamination (3)

    Cracks, Gaps and


    uncompleted Layers

    Delamination at staple
    boundary surfaces

    Cable with Termination (1) Voids through treeing (2) Voids at boundary surface

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    1. Introduction
    1.2 PD Fault Scenarios

    Fault Distribution (CIGRE JWG 33/23.12)


    41% Switching Compartements: Circuit breakers
    17% VTs, Surge Arrestors , Bushings 42% others

    Cause of Fault
    20% Free particles and alien objects 18% Shielding and electrostatitic contacts

    11% Poor contacts


    7% Moisture 5% Protrusions, particles on HV

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    1. Introduction
    1.2 PD Fault Scenarios

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    2. PD Detection Principles on Switchgears


    2.1 PD Detection Principles

    PD Detection Principles

    Acoustic
    Ultrasonic transducers

    UHF/VHF/RF
    UHF antenna UHF coupler TEV Sensor

    IEC 60270
    Standard measurement circuit

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    2. PD Detection Principles on Switchgears


    2.2 PD measurement according to IEC 60270

    DUT

    Impedance in Series to Ck

    Connection to conductor required (coupling capacitor, bushing) Mainly used for air insulated switchgears

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    10

    2. PD Detection Principles on Switchgears


    2.2 PD measurement according to IEC 60270

    Apparent Charge Information

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    11

    2. PD Detection Principles on Switchgears


    2.3 Acoustic PD Detection

    Acoustic Partial Discharge Detection


    Acoustic signal as a result of the pressure build-up caused by the generated spark in the insulation Frequency spectrum 10 Hz up to 300 kHz Different wave types (longitudinal and transversal waves) with different propagation velocities

    Measurement Technique
    Microphones and ultrasonic directional microphones Sound sensors, accelerometers and piezo-electric converters
    12

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    2. PD Detection Principles on Switchgears


    2.4 UHF PD Detection

    Spacer

    external sensor ultra wide band inductive coupler

    external sensor acoustic coupler

    standard coupling capacitance

    external sensor window sensor

    internal sensor capacitive (sensor

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    13

    2. PD Detection Principles on Switchgears


    2.4 UHF PD Detection

    UHF Partial Discharge Detection

    Transient electromagnetic waves (TEM, TE and TM modes)


    generated by partial discharges Frequency range 300 MHz to 3 GHz Measuring technique Narrow band-bandwidth appr. 5 MHz Wide band-frequency range 300 MHz to 1,5 GHz

    In 420 kV plants upper critical frequency 1 GHz


    In 123 kV plants upper critical frequency 1,5 GHz

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    14

    3. PD Measurement on Switchgears
    3.1 GIS Commissioning Test

    (1) Resonance test set connected via bushings, (2) Sensors, (3) PD Detector, (4) Sensitivity Check
    15

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    3. PD Measurement on Switchgears
    3.1 GIS Commissioning Test, Noise Properties

    Comparison of IEC60270 and UHF decoupling in terms of noise supression

    UHF decouplong at 770 MHz, background noise: 9mV (baseline) No noise

    IEC 60270 compliant measurement, noise by testset (1) and external noises (2)

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    16

    3. PD Measurement on Switchgears
    3.1 GIS Commissioning Test, Noise Properties

    No apparent charge information - Detection and classification only

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    17

    3. PD Measurement on Switchgears
    3.2 Acoustic PD Measurement

    DFA100 acoustic PD measurement device with piezo electric sensor

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    18

    3. PD Measurement on Switchgears
    3.2 Acoustic PD Measurement

    Acoustic PD measurements on GIS:


    1. Selection of one measurement point per chamber 2. At long chambers, one measurement point every 2-3 meters

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    19

    3. PD Measurement on Switchgears
    3.2 Acoustic PD Measurement

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    20

    4. Summary of PD Solutions for Switchgears

    PD Solutions

    Acoustic
    DFA100 PD location and detection PD Classification

    UHF/VHF/RF
    LDS-6/UHF, PD-Smart/UHF Sensitive PD detection PD Classification

    IEC 60270
    LDS-6, PD-Smart Factory tests Commissioning tests

    PD-Guard/UHF Monitoring

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    21

    Thank you for your attention

    Partial Discharge Diagnostics on Power Transformers

    22

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