Bruno Leys Dieter Claus Marleen Desoete Lieven Dufour Kathleen Van Ryckeghem

NEW Breakaway 2
AN ENGLISH COURSE FOR SECOND GRADE TECHNICAL SCHOOLS

Table of Contents

Grammar

Vocabulary

Functions

Unit 1

(pp. 5-12)

simple past tense (+) irregular verbs

holidays character traits

Discussing holidays. Reconstructing a story. Discussing past events.

Unit 2

(pp. 13-22)

simple past tense (- / ?) comparative

countries & nationalities weather

Asking questions about the past. Discussing the weather. Understanding a weather forecast. Comparing things.

13

superlative

Unit 3

(pp. 23-33)

prepositions of place some & any

shops food medicine make-up clothes

Giving and asking for directions. Going shopping.

23

Unit 4

(pp. 34-42)

simple present tense adverbs of frequency

household chores

Discussing regular activities and habits. Saying how often things happen.

34

Unit 5

(pp. 43-56)

modal auxiliaries (must have to

school

Expressing obligation, absence of obligation, permission and prohibition. Discussing past habits. Discussing school.

43

neednt can to be allowed to used to)

Unit 6

(pp. 57-63)

going to-future present continuous

character traits looks, appearances hobbies

Describing people. Discussing future plans and arrangements. Using social formulas.

57

tense

Grammar

Vocabulary

Functions

Unit 7

(pp. 64-72)

simple future tense first conditional

character traits

Giving advice. Suggesting things.

64

should could imperatives

Unit 8 (pp. 73-82)

73

moods & feelings

Asking questions. Writing an ending to a story. Discussing moods & feelings.

Unit 9

(pp. 83-90)

simple present perfect tense

hair

Discussing what someone has(nt) done. Discussing what has(nt) happened.

83

past participles (irregulars) since & for

Unit 10

(pp. 91-97)

simple present perfect tense

body parts injuries

Discussing dangerous situations. Discussing injuries. Helping an injured person.

91

Unit 11

(pp. 98-104)

much, many & a lot of

table items containers (food, drink) food

Ordering a meal. Discussing table manners.

98

Unit 12

(pp. 105-113)

past continuous tense (vs. simple past tense)

animals

Discussing activities going on in the past. Investigating a theft. Writing about a crazy pet.

105

Unit 13

(pp. 114-121)

first and second conditional

jobs family relations

Discussing family relations. Discussing future possibilities. Imagining things about the future.

114

Unit 14

(pp. 122-128)

travel hotels

Discussing summer holidays. Booking a room.

122

Grammar

Vocabulary

Functions

Unit 15

(pp. 129-132)

formal neutral informal language

letter

Writing letters, email. Writing dates. Writing addresses.

129

Unit 16 (pp.133-134)
133

telephone

Making a phone call.

1.1 1.2

Unit 1

mention their table manners.

TRAVEL AGENT: Im sorry to hear that. I hope the

At the Travel Agents

TRAVEL AGENT: Good afternoon. Can I

help you? You certainly can. I want my money back. TRAVEL AGENT: Why? Whats the matter? MR COOPER: My wife and I booked a holiday here, but it was hardly a bed of roses. This will be our last trip with this firm! MRS COOPER: And our last trip to Spain, too. TRAVEL AGENT: Please, tell me your name so that I can check your data in the computer. MR COOPER: Ah, the computer! People think computers can solve everything! MRS COOPER: Cooper. The names Cooper. TRAVEL AGENT: Just a minute. Ah Mr and Mrs Cooper. You booked a trip to Barcelona, a fortnight from 1st August till 15th August. You stayed at the Playa Hotel with full board. MRS COOPER: Full board! The plates werent even half full! MR COOPER: The restaurant was overcrowded, and we always had to wait an hour before we got a table. MRS COOPER: And we always had to share it with an American family. They talked too loudly, and I wont even
MR COOPER:

room was all right. MRS COOPER: All right? No hot water, no air-conditioning, a waterbed that made us seasick. MR COOPER: Yes and we stayed on the 13th floor, but the lift was out of order and there were no porters to help us carry our luggage. TRAVEL AGENT: Maybe you enjoyed the city? MR COOPER: Not in the least! The brochure said: Lose your stress in Barcelona! But with all that traffic and noise, we came back overstressed! TRAVEL AGENT: I can see that. Barcelona really wasnt your cup of tea. I think I know the perfect place for you. How about a nice long weekend on the Isle of Wight? Its free. MR COOPER: All right, if you insist

five

1.3 -1.4 1.5

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - PRONUNCIATION

to to to to to help check surf kiss watch helped checked surfed kissed watched insisted waited visited enjoyed stayed climbed

}
} }

[t]

after [k, f, , p, s] [coffeeshops]

to insist to wait to visit to enjoy to stay to climb

[d]

after [t, d]

[d]

after all other sounds

OVER TO

The Coopers Holiday on the Isle of Wight.

Look at the pictures and talk about the Coopers holiday on the Isle of Wight. Example: They stayed in a tent.

six

And What Did You Do?

OVER TO

Talk about your holiday! Example: Last summer I went to the beach. We stayed in a tent and we went swimming every day.

Last year ... Last spring/ Two/ years ago

I went to

the beach a forest (woud) the mountains

stayed

in a caravan in a tent at a hotel in a youth hostel in a Bed & Breakfast at home

visited

museums churches castles shops amusement parks the zoo

1.6

seven

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE POSITIVE (+) SPELLING

PRESENT climb visit PAST climbed visited We add ed. B U T PAST cycled arrived agreed we only add d. dropped begged

PRESENT cycle arrive agree If the infinitive ends in e, drop beg

If the infinitive is one syllable and has a single vowel letter and a single final consonant, we double the consonant.

vowel = klinker consonant = med eklinker syllable = letterg reep stressed = beklem toon
d

prefer permit

preferred permitted

If the infinitive has more than one syllable and the last syllable contains a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant and is stressed, we double the final consonant. Compare answer answered the first syllable is stressed! travel cancel travelled cancelled

If the infinitive ends in l, preceded by a single vowel letter, we double the final -l. In American spelling the l is not doubled. Compare sail reveal sailed revealed The l is preceded by two vowel letters!

lar List of the irregu 153 verbs: see TB p.

eight

USE: The simple past tense is PAST = the period is over. (De simple past is de verleden tijd = de periode ligt in het verleden.) e.g. yesterday, last week are signal words. The common (or SIMPLE) form is used to talk about actions in the past. (De gewone vorm wordt gebruikt om over gebeurtenissen in het verleden te praten.)

1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12

A GAME
Piling Up Events
Your teacher gives you a verb in the past ten se (sat or stood or ga The first student starts ve ...). a simple chain of eve nts with his/her verb. e.g. Yesterday I went to town. The second student co ntinues, repeating the first students sentence adding a sentence inc , but luding his/her verb. e.g. Yesterday I went to town and bought a loaf of bread. The third student contin ues likewise. e.g. Yesterday I went to town and bought a loaf of bread and I sat bench. on a park And so on, until all stu dents have contributed , or until the chain has impossible to remembe become r.

nine

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
trip firm data loud(ly) (table)manners airconditioning seasick lift porter stress overstressed trip, uitstap firma data, gegevens luid, krachtig (tafel)manieren airconditioning, klimaatregeling zeeziek lift portier, kruier stress, spanning gestrest, overspannen tent caravan to check tent caravan checken, controleren amusement park amusementspark, pretpark zoo zoo (un)friendly (on)vriendelijk calm kalm alligator alligator, kaaiman to slip slippen, uitglijden

FAMILIAR WORDS
Whats the matter? holiday youth hostel beach bed & breakfast (B & B) (un)happy (im)patient fresh Wat scheelt er? vakantie jeugdherberg strand kamer en ontbijt (on)gelukkig (on)geduldig vers angry talkative silent to cry (im)possible sweet(s) boos, kwaad praatziek, spraakzaam zwijgzaam, stil huilen, wenen, (roepen) (on)mogelijk snoep(jes)

NEW WORDS
We booked a holiday to Denmark last summer, a fortnight from 1st July till 15th July. At the travel agents we found all the information, including the prices in a brochure. We enjoyed the trip. We stayed at a hotel in a quiet village: no traffic or noise.

fortnight travel agents including to enjoy to stay at traffic noise

twee weken reisbureau inbegrepen genieten van verblijven in verkeer lawaai

10 ten

- Did you like your trip to London? - Not in the least! London isnt my cup of tea. - Why not? - The place was overcrowded. We came back overstressed. The banker wanted to check our data, but the computer was out of order. You didnt mention whether you preferred full board, half board or bed and breakfast. We didnt want to stay over dinner, but our friends insisted. I must admit: it was delicious! I can hardly believe he got into trouble like that. He could always solve his own problems. Be careful you dont drop your cup. There will be tea all over the place. The twelve friends have won the lottery: they share 12 million, which means 1 million each. Ill do everything you do. When you stop, Ill do likewise. Im a big supporter of the local football team. I never let them down, even if they lose. Porter, could you carry my luggage to the 12th floor? The cases are so heavy I cant even lift them. He crawled on his knees and begged me to come back. I slammed the door in his face and locked it.

Not in the least! my cup of tea overcrowded

Helemaal niet! mijn ding overvol, overbevolkt

out of order to mention full board half board

defect vermelden volpension halfpension

to insist

aandringen

hardly trouble to solve to drop

nauwelijks moeilijkheden, problemen oplossen laten vallen

to share

delen

likewise

evenzo

to lose to carry luggage floor to crawl to beg to slam to lock

to lose/ loose (= los)

verliezen dragen bagage verdieping kruipen smeken met een klap dichtslaan sluiten

eleven

11

Wheres your plate? Ive made an apple pie. Do you want to taste it? Sure enough everyone wants to contribute to the cancer fund. Theres a chain of events on the beach tomorrow night. Do you want to come? Theyre free.

plate pie to taste sure enough to contribute to chain event free

bord taart proeven zo zeker als wat bijdragen tot reeks gebeurtenis, evenement gratis, (vrij) opsommen, (opstapelen) beleefd

Dont pile up my negative characteristics! Ill do my best to be more polite when your mother comes around. Do you like walking along the seaside or do you prefer walking in the forest? Dont be so fussy! Hide in your room. Stick up a sign that says you cant see anyone today. Repeat the rules for the spelling and pronunciation of the simple past tense. Add ed to the infinitives. Write /t/, /d/ or /Id/ next to the forms. Continue till youve finished the exercise.

to pile up polite

forest fussy to hide to stick up to repeat to add to continue

woud, bos zenuwachtig, druk verstoppen aanplakken herhalen toevoegen verdergaan

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Holidays (TB 5-7) - Character Traits (WB 1.1) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 10-12) Grammar: - The simple past tense positive (+) (TB 8 - WB 1.6,1.7,1.8) - Irregular verbs (TB 157 - WB 1.9, 1.10)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Pronounce the simple past tense (TB 6 - WB 1.4,1.5). Talk about your holidays (TB 7). Reconstruct a story (WB 1.8). Talk about past events (TB 9).

12 twelve

A Wet Wedding Anniversary

During her weekly visit to the local supermarket Mrs Cooper spots Rain Rivers, the famous weathergirl.
MRS COOPER RAIN RIVERS MRS COOPER RAIN RIVERS MRS COOPER RAIN RIVERS MRS COOPER

RAIN RIVERS MRS COOPER RAIN RIVERS MRS COOPER

RAIN RIVERS MRS COOPER

RAIN RIVERS MRS COOPER RAIN RIVERS

MRS COOPER RAIN RIVERS

MRS COOPER

Oh Miss Rivers, Im so happy to see you here. There are a few things Id like to ask you. Oh dear! So sweet of you to call me dear. You dont mind if I call you Rain, do you? Rivers sounds so .....wet. Like yesterdays weather, you mean? 2.1 Thats exactly what I wanted to talk to you about. I didnt hear you mention any rain in your weather forecast. Maybe, I didnt but My husband and I had planned our wedding anniversary picnic, relying on your good advice. We didnt bring our raincoats or umbrellas as you had predicted a bright sunny day. Where did you go for your picnic? As usual we went to the Lake District. Did you go on your honeymoon there? How did you guess? If only you were as good at predicting the weather. But yes, its an old Cooper tradition to get married in the Lake District. The weather was awful 10 years ago so for our wedding anniversary picnics, we always make sure the weathers going to be fine. We always put all our trust in you. Well, we cant get it right all the time. What did I say about the Lake District? I actually missed that part as my husband changed channels to look at the Cup Final. It took me some time to grab the remote control out of his hands, but Im sure I heard you mention a beautiful spring day and then you waved and said goodbye. Do you watch my show every day? Yes, of course, if my husband lets me. Well, then you should know that my forecast always ends with the weather for English tourists in Spain. Spain? Yes, you should go there for your picnics. Its 32 C over there this week. Dont mention Spain to me.

2.2 2.3

thirteen

13

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

POSITIVE (+) I You subject + missed said simple past that part. goodbye.

NEGATIVE (-) I We subject + didnt (did not) hear bring infinitive without to you mention any rain. our umbrella.

didnt + did not

2.4 2.5 2.6

QUESTIONS (?) Yes/No Questions Did you Did Did + he subject + Short Answers Yes, I did. No, he didnt.

go say infinitive without to

on your honeymoon there? that?

Question Word Questions What did Where Who q-word + did +

I you she subject +

say go dance infinitive without to

about the weather? for your picnic? with? (preposition)

Subject Questions Who What who / what (= subject) +

stayed happened simple past

in the Playa Hotel? to them?

Negatives and questions with to be and can never take to do. e.g.: The Coopers werent happy at all. They couldnt picnic in the open. Was the weather as awful 10 years ago? Who couldnt get hold of the remote control?

14 fourteen

When Was The Last Time You

OVER TO

Ask each other a question starting with When was the last time you? e.g.: - When was the last time you went to the beach? to sleep late to eat spaghetti to tell a lie to break something - Then ask for more information. You can ask questions like - What was the weather like? - Who did you go with? - When did you arrive home again? - Why did you go?

like bear where sounds e her were sounds lik

2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10

Vocabulary Weather

sun

sunny spells

clouds

patches of rain

drizzle

rain

showers

lightning

snow

hail

frost

fog

2.11 2.12

fifteen

15

World Facts

mile = 1,609 km square mile = 1,60

9 km 2

Russia is the biggest country in the world. It covers 6,591,100 square miles. Its bigger than Canada (3,849,674 sq mi) and the United States (3,618,770 sq mi). Vatican City is the smallest country in the world. Its only 0.2 square miles big. Its smaller than Monaco (0.8 sq mi) and Nauru (8.1 sq mi). Monaco, however, has the highest population density (bevolkingsdichtheid). In Monaco youll find 42,675 people per square mile. Its a lot busier than the Western Sahara, where you can only meet 2.5 inhabitants (inwoners) for each square mile. Youll live longest in Andorra. There the life expectancy (levensverwachting) is 83.5 years. Thats just a bit longer than San Marino (81.4 years) and Japan (80.9 years). Its a lot worse when you live in Mozambique. It has the lowest life expectancy, namely 31.3 years. Thats less than Botswana (32.3) and Zambia (35.2). As a child, youre most likely to die in Mozambique. The country has an infant mortality rate (kindersterftecijfer) of 199 for every 1000 births. Its better to be born in Japan, where only 3.3 children die. Djibouti in Africa must be one of the hottest places in the world. There is a saying that its too hot for the devil over there. Its certainly hotter than the North Pole! (The average temperature in Djibouti in August is 45 C, for the North Pole it is below 0C.)

16 sixteen

Which are the three highest towers in the world? Probably they are building an even higher tower as we speak. The worlds tallest tower can be found in Canada. Its called The Canadian National Tower (553 m) and can be found in Toronto. Its higher than the Ostankino Tower (537m) in Moscow and the Oriental Pearl Tower (468m) in Shanghai.

2.13

COMPARISONS
adjective ONE SYLLABLE cold long nice large hot wet colder than longer nicer larger hotter wetter the coldest longest nicest largest hottest wettest +er / est comparative superlative

adjective ending in consonant + e +r/st adjective ending in one vowel + one final consonant = double consonant +er / est

seventeen

17

TWO SYLLABLES windy funny windier funnier windiest funniest adjectives ending in consonant + y: y ier/iest adjectives ending in -er, -ow, -le: + er / est (these adjectives can also take more / most) others: more / most

clever narrow gentle

cleverer narrower gentler

cleverest narrowest gentlest

quiet tired

more quiet more tired

most quiet most tired

THREE SYLLABLES OR MORE exciting interesting EXCEPTIONS! good bad ill far better worse worse further farther more fewer lesser older elder later best worst worst furthest farthest most fewest least oldest eldest last latest more exciting more interesting most exciting most interesting more / most

most common

much / many few less old

with plurals with singular (uncountable) words regular form for family members final most recent

late

Comparing Things than as big as not as big as as much as

then than

18 eighteen

Did you know?

Useful English expressions with comparisons

said of someone with a good heart true to ones promise two very friendly or intimate people said about people whose eye-sight is bad said about very busy people obvious, easy to recognize very cold very hot something or someone very strong, steady in excellent physical health used for things or persons with very little weight very old said about a stupid or strange person for very weak persons for ugly people for someone with wet clothes for very proud, vain people

as as as as as as as as as

good as gold good as ones word thick as thieves blind as a bat busy as a bee clear as the nose on your face cold as ice hot as fire firm/steady as a rock

as fit as a fiddle as light as a feather as old as the hills as mad as a hare as weak as a baby as ugly as a scarecrow as wet as a drowned rat as proud as a peacock

2.14

nineteen

19

Aa
h

B
c

C
d

Ab
e a f

Continents/ Countries Nationalities

continents North America South America Europe Africa Asia Oceania countries (North) American (South) American European African Asian Oceanian

Aa Ab B C D E

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 a b c d e f g h

The Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Germany France Italy Great Britain Ireland Denmark Greece Portugal Spain Finland Sweden Austria Switzerland Norway Australia China Japan Brazil Argentina South Africa Russia USA

Dutch Belgian Luxembourger German French Italian British Irish Danish Greek Portuguese Spanish Finnish Swedish Austrian Swiss Norwegian Australian Chinese Japanese Brazilian Argentinean South African Russian American

14 13 17

8 7 2 3 5 16 1

15

11 12 6 5 6

2.15 2.16 2.17

10 6

20 twenty xxx

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
during weekly local supermarket weather to plan tradition to miss advice visit gedurende wekelijks(e) loka(a)l(e) supermarkt weer plannen traditie missen advies, raad visite, bezoek to wave tourist hot devil high nationality to mean wuiven, zwaaien toerist heet, zeer warm duivel hoog nationaliteit menen, bedoelen, betekenen

an advice to advise

FAMILIAR WORDS
to spot Oh dear! to sound honeymoon sweet country opmerken, in de gaten krijgen Och (hemel)! klinken huwelijksreis zoet, lief land small low to die birth to be born tower to live life klein laag, diep sterven geboorte geboren worden toren leven leven

a life to live

NEW WORDS
- Its Fred and Gingers wedding tomorrow. I hope we dont need an umbrella. Did you see the weather forecast? What did the weathergirl predict? As usual it will probably be an awful wet day. wedding umbrella weather forecast to predict as usual probably awful wet bright to rely on huwelijk paraplu weersvoorspelling voorspellen zoals gewoonlijk waarschijnlijk vreselijk(e) nat(te) zonnige, vrolijke vertrouwen op

- Stop being so negative! See the bright side of things. They will be very happy together. Bad weather cant change that! Rely on me.

twenty-one

21

- Hes always very busy. Whats the most likely time to find him at home? - After 10 oclock maybe, but youd better make sure by giving him a phone call. Were going away for a few days. We dont know exactly when well be back. Every year on 21st March, my husband prepares an anniversary dinner to celebrate the day weve met. My wife doesnt have any trust in insurance companies. They never pay the damage. The dog grabbed the bone and ran off with it. - Give me the remote control. I want to know if theres still an interesting TV programme on. - You should check the magazine instead of changing channels all the time. Youre born tired as the saying goes. She wears high heels to make herself look very tall.

busy likely maybe to make sure

bezig, druk waarschijnlijk misschien zich ervan vergewissen dat enkele juist, precies

a few exactly

anniversary

verjaardags-

trust

vertrouwen

to grab

grijpen, pakken

remote control

afstandsbediening

saying

gezegde

tall

groot

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Countries and nationalities (TB 20 - WB 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17) - Weather (TB 15 - WB 2.10) - Vocabulary focus (TB 21-22) Grammar: - Form of the simple past negative (-) and questions (?) (TB 14 - WB 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9) - Comparatives and superlatives (TB 17-18 - WB 2.12, 2.13, 2.14)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Ask each other questions about the past (TB 15). Talk about the weather (TB 15). Show that you understand a weather forecast (WB 2.11). Compare things (TB 17-18 - WB 2.14).

22 twenty-two

3.1 3.2 3.3

First Floor
The Sandwich Bar

First Flo or Pub

Gifts

H&M

Indian Fo od

Mark's Electro Shop

Sue's Tea Shop

The Sweet Shop

The Market

Sarah's Restaurant

Miller's Toyworld

Ground Floor

Jessop's Department Store

H&M
The Newsagents

The Sock Shop

Pizza Hut

City Bank

Supermarket

1st Sport

The Market

The Book Shelf Camera Art Teens

twenty-three

23

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

The man is under the stairs.

The woman is inside the shop.

The man comes out of the toilets.

The woman is next to the information desk.

The man comes down the escalators.

The woman goes up in the lift.

The man is behind the telephone box.

The woman is in front of the mother- and-baby room.

The man is outside the shopping centre.

The woman is between the lift doors.

The man is opposite the woman.

The woman is on the second floor.

The man walks into the food court.

The ground floor is above the basement.

24 twenty-four

Ask each other questions about places in the shopping centre. Example: Wheres the bus station? Are there any toilets in the shopping centre?

OVER TO

Its on the ground floor, next to the bookshop. Yes, there are, on the first floor next to the Sweet Shop.

3.4

Directions

Go straight on. Turn left. Turn right. Take the escalators. Pass the Sweet Shop.

You are at the main entrance. Give your partner directions. Your partner has to guess where youre going.

A GAME
Where am I?

Example: Go straight on till you reach the escalators. Go upstairs to the first floor. is next to you. (H&M)

3.5 3.6

What Can You Buy in These Shops?

Butchers
twenty-five 25

Bakers

the baker = th e person the bakers = th At the baker e shop s shop.

Chemists

26 twenty-six

Grocers
Vegetables

Fruit

twenty-seven

27

Dairy products

p Clothes sho

28 twenty-eight

3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10

SOME & ANY

SOME + There are some trainers in the window. Id like some blue socks. ANY I cant see any T-shirts. There arent any brown sweaters. ANY? Do you need any help? Have you got any black trousers? USE: We use any in negative sentences and in questions. USE: We use some in positive sentences.

Could you show me some white blouses? Would you like some pink ties?

requests some

In the Department Store

OVER TO

Do You Need any Help?

Put in some or any. Do these dialogues orally with your partner.
Customer: Assistant: Customer: Assistant: Customer: Assistant: Customer: Assistant:

department store = large shop where many kinds of goo ds are sold in differen t areas (verdiepingen ) supermarket = one store se lling food, househ old goods, et c.

Have you got stockings, please? I didnt see tights in the window. We have lovely stockings, but we dont have for this cold weather. Im also looking for socks for my brother. Do you have red socks? I can show you nice socks for boys, but I think there arent red ones. Do you have pencils, please? Yes, we have big boxes of pencils. Theyre in eight different colours. And Im looking for tennis balls, too. Im sorry, we dont have tennis balls at the moment.

twenty-nine

29

Customer: Assistant: Customer: Assistant: Customer: Assistant: Customer: Assistant:

Hello. Do you need help? Yes, please. Im looking for red tights. Im sorry, we dont have tights in red. What about brown? No, thanks. I dont want other colour. They must be red. Do you have computer games? Yes, we have new computer games upstairs on the third floor. Are there lifts near here? No, but there are escalators over there.

3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15

Shopping
SHOP ASSISTANT
Hello. Can I help you?

CUSTOMER
Id like some ................, please

Id prefer ......................................

Have you got any ................?

Could you show me some ............?

Yes, of course.

(Would you like) anything else?

Would you like some .............?

Let me know if you need any ......

30 thirty

SHOP ASSISTANT
No, we dont have any

CUSTOMER

Is that all?

How many do you want?

Theyre ... pounds.

How much are these ...?

Theyre ... each.

Thank you. Thats 7.5O change.

Here you are.

Thank you very much.

OVER TO

Shopping
Could you is more polite than Can you. Would you like ... and Id like are the same as Do you want... and I want but theyre more polite.

Read the card the teacher gives you and play the parts of shop assistant and customer.

3.16 - 3.17 - 3.18

thirty-one

31

Did you know?

BRITISH MONEY Britains currency (munteenheid) is the pound sterling, written as before the figure. One pound consists of 100 pence, written as p with figures. There are 1 and 2 coins (muntstukken) and 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p and 1p pieces. Paper notes are worth 5, 10, 20 or 50.

BRITISH MEASURES In Britain a lot of people still do not use the same metrical system as we on the Continent do. In shops or road signs you will often see these measures being used. weight: 1 ounce = 28.35g 1 lb (pound) = 453.60g 1 stone = 14 lbs = 6.35kg 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1ft (foot) = 12 inches = 30.48 cm 1 yard = 3 feet = 91.44 cm 1 mile = 1.609 km 1 pint = 57 cl 1 gallon = 8 pints = 4.54 litres

distances:

Time for a laugh

QUESTION:

volume:

Why cant a nose be twelve inches?

ANSWER:

Because then it would be a foot.

32 thirty-two

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
fruit fruit

FAMILIAR WORDS
shop assistant winkelbediende

NEW WORDS
Every Saturday I do the weekly shopping at Jessops department store. You find the food court on the ground floor. There I buy meat, vegetables, fruit and dairy products. On the upper floor you find the clothes department. I neednt look after the children. They go to the basement. There you have the toys department. At the newsagents a lot of customers ask if theres a letterbox nearby so that they can post their cards. department store ground floor meat vegetables dairy products upper basement warenhuis gelijkvloers vlees groenten zuivelproducten bovenkelder(verdieping)

customer letterbox

klant brievenbus

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Shops and what you can buy there + the shopping centre (TB 23, 25-28 WB 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.17) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 33) Grammar: - Prepositions of place (TB 24 WB 3.3) - Some & any (TB 29 WB 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Give and ask for directions in the shopping centre (TB 25 WB 3.3, 3.4, 3.5). Go shopping (TB 29-31 WB 3.16).

thirty-three

33

MR COOPER

MRS COOPER

4.1 4.2
MR COOPER

No Place like Home 4

MRS COOPER MRS COOPER MR COOPER

MRS COOPER

Ah. Theres no place like home. (vacuuming in the background) Honey, I think the living room is clean now. Can I watch Match of the Day, now? Manchester Uniteds playing. Darling, every day I get up first, make your breakfast and you know how much work that is. Then I go shopping, pay a visit to the hairdressers, keep up with the latest gossip. And you have nothing better to do than watch football in your easy chair.

MR COOPER MRS COOPER MR COOPER MRS COOPER

MR COOPER MRS COOPER

But pumpkin, I always do the dishes and drive you to the hairdressers. Sometimes I even do the laundry and the ironing. I always listen to your stories Oh really, you never seem to remember much of them. Yesterday once again you forgot to put the rubbish out. If I dont tell you to do something, nothing ever happens in this place. Do you ever stop telling me what to do? O come on, Alfred. You can be such a baby. Youd never manage on your own. I am never on my own. I bet you cant run this household without my help. You never let me try. Well, I dare you. If you can manage on your own for a day, Ill never tell you what to do any more. Piece of cake. Oh yes, please, darling.

34 thirty-four

Household Chores
to vacuum/hoover to make coffee to cook/make breakfast to do the dishes/washing up to empty the dishwasher to go shopping to cook dinner/supper to do the dusting to hang out the washing to clean the windows to lay/wipe the table to make the bed(s) to sweep to clean to tidy up to do the gardening to put the rubbish out to water the plants to do the laundry to iron

to iron is the letter r j. as d e pronounc /an/

chores is pronounced with a /t/ like champions.

Expressions
The place looks like a mess; a pigsty; a bombs hit it.

4.3

Alfreds Day
5

thirty-five

35

36 thirty-six

4.4 4.5

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

POSITIVE (+) I You We You They I/you/we/they + He/she (it) he/she/it NEGATIVE (-) I You We They He/she/it subject + dont work on Sunday. drive know want wet rush infinitive without to forgets his/her car keys. to work. how much work that is. everything to be done. the kitchen floor. back to work.

infinitive without to + s

doesnt dont + doesnt

work. infinitive without to

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Short answers Do Do Does I you he (she) (it) we they you have to stop? forget remind you? his keys? Yes, you do. No, I dont. Yes, he does. No, she doesnt.

Do Do Do

clean cook like

the living room? bangers and mash? that dish?

Do / does + subject + infinitive without to

thirty-seven

37

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) What Why Why How How Who What Question + Word do do does do do do do do / + does I you he we you they I subject + see in that man? iron that shirt? forget the sugar? cook spaghetti? manage? ask for help? have to remind you of? infinitive without to (+ preposition)

SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?) Who What likes works bangers and mash? best?

When who or what are the subject of our question, we do not use to do. (Wanneer de vraagwoorden who of what onderwerp zijn in de vraag, gebruiken we het hulpwerkwoord to do NIET.) QUESTION TAG QUESTIONS (?) We mostly use question tag questions when we expect somebody will agree. These are not real questions, but more like statements. These tags have a falling tone. (We gebruiken meestal question tag questions als we verwachten dat iemand akkoord zal gaan. Het zijn eigenlijk geen echte vragen, maar meer vaststellingen. De toon van deze tags gaat naar omlaag.) Alfred likes Mrs Cooper, doesnt he? Yes, he does. Mrs Cooper works in the house, doesnt she? Yes, she does. + positive statement He doesnt like housework, She doesnt spread gossip, negative statement +

Question Tag Questions with to be and can, never take to do! You can speak English, cant you? Thats not your English book, is it?

negative tag expected short answer does he? does she? + positive tag No, he doesnt. No, she doesnt. expected short answer

4.6

USE: The simple present tense describes regular activities and is habits. Its the common (=simple) form to talk about the present. The tag of I am I? (De simple present beschrijft taken die je regelmatig doet en arent gewoontes. Het is de gewone vorm om over het heden te spreken.) ht, This time Im rig I? t aren

38 thirty-eight

PRONUNCIATION 3RD PERSON S SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE POSITIVE (+)

Pronunciation of the s in the 3rd person singular: He cooks. She wants. She watches. He chooses. He vacuums. It burns. /s/ /z/ /z/ after /k, f, p, t/ (think of coffeepot)

after hissing sounds (sisklanken)

after all other sounds

4.7

SPELLING 3RD PERSON S SIMPLE PRESENT POSITIVE (+)

to work to shoot to fly to tidy up to buy to play to say to go to do to wash to dress to watch he works she shoots he/she/it flies he/she/it tidies up he/she/it buys he/she/it plays he/she/it says he/she/it goes he/she/it does he/she/it washes he/she/it dresses he/she/it watches infinitive + s

infinitive ending in consonant + y y ies

infinitive ending in vowel + y y+s infinitive ending in -o + es

infinitive ending in a hissing sound: + es

4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11

A GAME

What animal am I?

One student thinks of an animal. The class asks questions to find out which animal she/he is. Examples: Do you live in water? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. / I dont know. Are you big? Yes, I am. / No, Im not./ I dont know.

If you dont find the animal after 5 questions, you can also ask question word questions. Examples: Some words that can help you. What colour are you? Im black. mammal (zoogdier) What sound do you make? I bark. You can also play this game with other categories: e.g. items of food, TV celebrities, pieces of furniture, buildings and places
reptile fish bird pet game (wild)

4.12 thirty-nine 39

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
I We He We They Subject + always usually often sometimes never adverb + comb talk gives do talk main verb my hair before I go out. about sports. me money. the washing up. to each other.

Watch out! Shes always late. We are often in a hurry. I can never get it right. Subject + to be/can + adverb

USE: Adverbs of frequency indicate how often things happen. (Adverbs of frequency geven aan hoe vaak iets gebeurt.)

4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
household bomb footsteps to kiss to prepare meal huishouden bom voetstappen kussen prepareren, klaarmaken maal, maaltijd to serve coffee to cook horoscope helpless serveren, opdienen koffie koken horoscoop hulpeloos

FAMILIAR WORDS
to get up key opstaan sleutel microwave bottle microgolfoven fles

40 forty

NEW WORDS
- You arent afraid of taking risks are you? I dare you to jump from the bridge into the river. - Piece of cake! - I bet you wont even try it. Yesterday I came back from school after a tiring day full of boring subjects. My mother reminded me that I still had to clean my room. "It looked like a pigsty", she said. Well, for once she was right. It was a mess! I brushed the floor, removed the dust, made my dustbin empty. Finally/At last the place was clean! I felt exhausted. Worst of all my mother prepared bangers and mash. The only dish I dont like at all! In a big family, everyone should help to run the household. Dont complain! A working mum cant manage on her own. Household chores should be divided among all family members. - Have you already heard the news? - No, I havent. Why? - Turn on the television. This afternoon Liverpool and Manchester United were playing. Hooligans spoilt -what must have been- the match of the year. Several people were hit on the head by aggressive fans.Our father is one of the victims. - I cant believe my ears! Is he in hospital? - Yes, he is. Come on. Lets pay him a visit.

to dare Piece of cake! to bet to try tiring to remind to clean pigsty mess to brush dust empty finally / at last clean exhausted worst of all

uitdagen Een makkie! wedden proberen vermoeiende eraan herinneren schoonmaken varkensstal warboel vegen stof leeg uiteindelijk net, proper uitgeput het ergste van alles

to run the household to complain to manage on her own household chores already to turn on

het huishouden doen klagen zich redden alleen huishoudelijke taken al, reeds aanzetten

to hit to believe to pay somebody a visit

slaan geloven iemand een bezoekje brengen

forty-one

41

- Where can I find the lawnmower? - Its in the shed. Take the pizzas, please. Ill heat them in the oven. Theyll be delicious! I know your favourite TV-programme is on, but dont rush to the sofa! Youre holding a cup full of milk. Youll wet the floor. Its freezing outside. Well need an extra blanket to keep us warm.

shed

schuurtje

to heat delicious

opwarmen heerlijk

to rush cup to wet

rennen kopje natmaken

blanket

deken

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Household chores (TB 35 WB 4.1, 4.2, 4.15) - Vocabulary focus (TB 40-42) Grammar: - Simple present tense (TB 37-39 WB 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11) - Adverbs of frequency (TB 40)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Describe and talk about regular activities and habits. (WB 4.14) Indicate how often things happen. (WB 4.12, 4.13)

42 forty-two

Unit 5

5.1

Schools in Britain

Aaah, you might think schools are the same everywhere. And yes indeed, some aspects of school life will be alike in every country. Take for example this poem:

Mad - by Genevieve Petrillo, teacher

1

I love to make my teacher mad. I think it's so much fun. The others in my class agree. I'm not the only one! When it starts Her eyes bug out*, Soon after that She starts to shout. Her face turns red. Her lips turn white, Her hair sticks out, She's quite a sight! Her voice gets louder with each word, And then she starts to screech*. She screams at levels* I don't think A human voice should reach*! If she has something in her hand She throws it on the floor. If she is standing near the hall, She slams the classroom door. She bangs her books upon her desk. We try hard not to laugh. She writes so hard upon the board The chalk snaps* right in half.

10

15

20

25

I know just what will happen When it's MY turn to go wild. She'll likely say, "Oh grow up! Don't act like such a child!!"

* to bug out * to screech * a level * to reach * to snap

= = = = =

uitpuilen krijsen niveau bereiken breken, knappen

forty-three

43

OVER TO

Discuss the following things with the class: - Do you like it when your teacher gets mad? - Do your teachers behave in the same way? - What do you do to make your teachers angry?

Time for a laugh

TEACHER:

Can anyone give me the name of a liquid that wont freeze? PUPIL: Hot water!

Did you know?

In Britain school is compulsory from the age of five to the age of

Schools in Britain

sixteen. There are two types of education: the state system, free education, and the system of public schools, that is private education and very expensive. Most children follow this route in the state system:

AGE 3
Some children go to nursery school. There they play, sing, listen to stories By doing these amusing activities they improve their language and learn simple arithmetic concepts (eenvoudige

rekenkundige bewerkingen).

At this age everyone starts primary school. It is divided into Infant School (ages 5-7) and Junior School (7-11). In Infant School children learn to read and write and the basics of arithmetics. In Junior School they study history, geography, mathematics, English and science, and, in some schools, also a foreign language. Physical education (PE) is usually given twice a week. Outside the normal timetable there are many activities in which the children can take part: sports, drama, music and so on. Many Junior Schools admit pupils on a first-come-first-served basis, so early application is advised.

11

Now pupils go to a secondary school. This may be a comprehensive school (for pupils with a mixed ability (verschillende capaciteiten)) or a grammar school (for children selected for their academic ability (verstandelijke capaciteiten)). All state schools are free and there is no charge for textbooks or exercise books either. When the pupils are sixteen years old they take a national exam. The exam is called the GCSE exam. It is a written examination, usually in 6 or 7 subjects. This exam marks the end of compulsory education.

44 forty-four

16

They leave school and get a job, or go to a college for vocational (= job) training, e.g. hotel management, secretarial courses ; or stay at school for two more years. These two years are Sixth Form Colleges which prepare them for university. At the end of the course the pupils take another exam for an A-level (A stands for advanced (gevorderd)). This exam is mainly for those who wish to go on to higher education. The number of subjects varies from 1 to 4, and 3 are usually required (vereist) for entry to university. It is important to get very good results because the number of places available in the universities is limited (beperkt). They leave school and get a job or - go to university; - go to a college for further education/training e.g. teaching, business studies .

About 7% of British children attend independent schools. Some of these are boarding schools, which means that the pupils live there and only go home for holidays. Independent schools are very expensive but the government provides funds for very clever children from poorer families if their parents wish to send them to a public school. But these funds hardly cover the costs of a public school. The stages in these schools are different:

AGE
5-8 8-13 13-18 Pre-preparatory schools. Preparatory schools. Independent schools. Its very difficult to get in these very exclusive schools. The most famous public schools are Eton (founded in 1440), Harrow (1571) and Rugby (1567). These schools offer great sports and other facilities.

independent schools = public schoo ls = what we call private schools

5.2 5.3 forty-five 45

At William Farr School

Take a virtual tour around William Farr School.

Hi, my name is Oliver. Let me show you around my school. The schools called William Farr. This is the schools playground. Here the pupils meet in the morning before they go to the assembly. Theyre not allowed to do sports in the morning and of course they cant smoke in school, although they can have a drink or something to eat.

At 9 oclock the pupils go to the assembly. After a prayer and a song the headmaster talks about what is going on at the school that day. Today he says that the pupils dont have to wear their uniform blazer because its so hot outside. Then the lessons start.

This is a pupil in the language lab. French is the first foreign language at William Farr, and he has to do more homework for French than for German. Thats bad luck, because he likes German better.

These boys are playing rugby. In this game, you are allowed to run with the ball in your hands. At William Farr the boys play rugby and football, and the girls play hockey. Lets go back inside and have a look at some other classrooms.

This is our computer class. Here we can surf the Internet and practise our computer skills. Were not allowed to chat or to use e-mail. I really dont know why. Let me show you one more thing.

46 forty-six

This is me in home economics. We all have to learn to cook. So we neednt bring our own lunch to school. We are allowed to prepare our own food. We must behave in these lessons and not be silly. We have a very strict teacher. I hope you enjoyed this quick tour around my school. What can you tell me about your school?

5.4 - 5.5 5.6

Time for a laugh

TEACHER: Does anyone know which month has 28 days? PUPIL: All of them!

MODAL AUXILIARIES
PRESENT obligation (moeten) You must come at once. In school we have to wear a uniform. You neednt bring lunch to school. You dont have to wear your uniform jacket. permission (mogen) You can have a drink in the playground. You are allowed to surf the Internet. PAST

have to is used for ext ernal obligation !

Grandfather had to wear a uniform, too.

absence of obligation (niet hoeven)

Grandfather didnt have to learn to cook. As a child you could do all sorts of silly things. When I was young we were allowed to play outside on the street. When I was young I couldnt stay up late. Grandfather wasnt allowed to sleep late on Sundays.

prohibition (niet mogen)

You cant chat.

Youre not allowed to smoke here.

You mustnt behave silly in Home Economics.

There is a silent t in mustnt !

5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 forty-seven 47

Math Test
Linda Knaus

Today we have a test in math, and Im not even scared. Its not because Ive studied hard

Time for a laugh

TEACHER:

or am the least prepared. Its not that Im a genius from a family full of brains. Its not because I listen well when Mrs Clark explains. Its not because Im diligent or focused that Ill pass. Its not because Im smarter than the other kids in class. Its not because Im ready, and its not because Im set. Its cause my lucky underwear has never failed me yet.

I said to draw a cow eating some grass but you've only drawn the cow? PUPIL: Yes, the cow ate all the grass!

Time for a laugh

PUPIL:

I don't think I deserved zero on this test! TEACHER: I agree, but that's the lowest mark I could give you!

5.12
* diligent: ijverig, vlijtig
OVER TO

More about William Farr School

Of course, every school has different rules, but William Farr is typical of most British Schools. Pupils at William Farr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... have to wear school uniform. ... arent allowed to wear jeans at school. ... arent allowed to bring radios or cassette-recorders to school. ... can have lunch at school, or they can bring sandwiches. ... are allowed to go home for lunch (if they live near the school). ... have to do homework every evening. ... have to stay at school until 3.45 pm every day. ... dont have to go to school on Saturdays. ... have to learn French as their first foreign language. ... dont have to buy their school textbooks. ... are allowed to play with tennis balls in the playground (but not with footballs).

48 forty-eight

Time for a laugh

TEACHER: Class, we will have only half a day of school this morning. CLASS: Hooray! TEACHER: We will have the other half this afternoon!

Ask your partner questions about the rules in William Farr. "Do they have to wear a school uniform?" Yes, they do.

5.13

School Uniform
William

F A R R

SCHOOL UNIFORM
All pupils must wear school uniform whilst at school and on school organised activities, unless otherwise instructed, and we look for the support of all parents to ensure this. We believe that school uniform has a valuable unifying effect and helps pupils to take a pride in their personal appearance and identify with the school community.
Uniform can be obtained from the schools official suppliers - Schoolwear Centre, Silver Street, Lincoln Notes 1 The only jewellery allowed is a wrist watch, one ring and one set of very small earrings. Extreme hairstyles are not permitted and the school reserves the right to advise parents on what it considers to be extreme. Track suits are not appropriate school dress and must not be worn as outdoor clothing over school blazers. Jeans, denim jackets and similar casual clothing are NOT permitted and trainers should ONLY be worn for PE. Bags: sports bags and rucksacks are not suitable for school use. Their soft construction causes damage to expensive text books.

2 3 4

Parents should accept that the school reserves the right to decide what is or is not appropriate school uniform.

BOYS SCHOOL UNIFORM Blazer - black with sewn on badge Shirt - pale blue of conventional school style (NOT denim style) Trousers - grey (NOT jeans style) School tie Socks - plain black, white or grey Shoes - black

forty-nine

49

P E Equipment Shorts - black Shirt - royal blue with amber band Socks - amber Training Shoes - please make sure these do not have black soles and are non-marking Towel Football Boots Tracksuit - black or navy (optional and only to be worn in cold weather) School Sweatshirt* GIRLS SCHOOL UNIFORM Blazer - black with sewn on badge Shirt - pale blue of conventional school style (NOT denim style) Skirt - grey, knee length (long and short skirts are NOT appropriate - NOT jeans style) Trousers - grey (NOT jeans style) School tie Socks - plain black, white or grey Tights - black or natural Shoes - black P E Equipment Blouse - white Skirt - black,pleated Athletic Shorts - black with double white stripe Socks - short, white Training Shoes - please make sure these do not have black soles and are non-marking Hockey Boots Tracksuit Bottoms- black or navy plain (optional and only to be worn in cold weather) School Sweatshirt* All clothing should be clearly marked with the pupils name.
* Sweatshirts are available from the PE department.

OVER TO

1 2 3 4

Discussion

What do you think of this school uniform? Would you like to wear it? Do you agree with the reasons the school gives in favour of the uniform? Compare the situation with your school and other schools in your town or country. What would the ideal school uniform be according to you?

Time for a laugh

TEACHER:

How can you make so many mistakes in just one day? PUPIL: I get up early!

5.14 5.15 50 fifty


David

The Golden Years

Grandpa, tell me about your school days ... Oh boy, I used to get up at 6 o'clock, because I had to walk 5 miles to school. There didn't use to be so many cars, so we couldn't hitch-hike. I never really got used to getting up early, so most of the time I ran to school. You don't really look that sporty now. Oh we practised a lot of sports in those days. We used to play cricket in the park and football on the streets. Did you ever get punished at school? Well, in primary school, I used to be a very nice pupil, I might add. But as I grew older, I became more interested in the pleasant things in life. Like what? Well, you know... What do you mean? There was a girl school next to ours and our sports fields were separated only by a wooden fence. I once tore my trousers climbing over it. All the girls were laughing and when I got back to my school, I was severely punished. David Oh no! What was your punishment, grandpa? Grandpa The head teacher hit me ten times on the backside with his cane. David That sounds painful! Grandpa Normally I had the back of my trousers stuffed with straw, but this time I had a hole in them. So I couldn't sit down for the next three days.

10

Grandpa

David Grandpa David Grandpa David Grandpa David Grandpa

Time for a laugh

MOTHER:

How was your first day at school? SON: It was all right except for some man called "Teacher" who kept spoiling all our fun!

5.16 fifty-one 51

Time for a laugh

What would you get if you crossed a vampire and a teacher? Lots of blood tests!

Time for a laugh

PUPIL (ON PHONE): My son has a bad cold and won't be able to come to school today. SCHOOL SECRETARY: Who is this? PUPIL: This is my father speaking!

USED TO
POSITIVE (+) I you he, she, it we you they used to used to walk to school. get up early.

used to NEGATIVE (-) There Schools didnt didnt didnt + QUESTIONS (?)

+ infinitive without to

use to use to use to +

be so many cars. be mixed. infinitive without to

short answers Did you Where (QW) + did you did + subj. use to use to use to + stay up late? go in the evening? infinitive without to Yes, I did. No, I didnt.

What Who/what + is the subject

used to used to +

be your favourite hobby? infinitive without to

52 fifty-two

USE: Used to expresses a past routine or pattern. Sometimes this situation contrasts with the present. (Used to wordt gebruikt om een gewoonte uit het verleden weer te geven. Die kan soms verschillen met de situatie in het heden.) Remember that used to has no present form, so for present habits we use the simple present tense. (Used to heeft geen vorm in de tegenwoordige tijd. Voor gewoontes in het heden gebruiken we de simple present.)

5.17

Time for a laugh

SON: I can't go to school today. FATHER: Why not? SON: I don't feel well. FATHER: Where don't you feel well? SON: In school!

LOOK, LISTEN AND SAY

One sound is silent in these sentences. Watch out! [t] You mustnt listen to the radio. Mark often makes sandcastles.

LOOK, LISTEN SAY

[l] Its half past four. Walk! Dont talk!

[d] On Wednesdays we have sandwiches.

11

Here are some more words. Say each word. Which letters are silent? answer knuckle autumn grandpa know hour guest climb two biscuit

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53

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
to act uniform private amusing sporty secondary school education pleasant straw acteren, handelen, doen uniform priv amusant sportief secundaire school educatie, opvoeding plezant stro

FAMILIAR WORDS
indeed voice human inderdaad stem menselijk to smoke silly chalk roken dom, dwaas krijt

NEW WORDS
A boarding school is a school that provides board and lodging as well as lessons. I hope she wont fail her final exam, so that she can achieve another A-level for entry to university. boarding school to provide internaat voorzien

to fail level entry

zakken, mislukken niveau toegang, inschrijving (al)hoewel, ofschoon kost, prijs duur tweemaal vreemd(e) verplicht

Do you really want to stay here although hotel charges are quite expensive? Think twice. There must be another solution. Which foreign language is a compulsory subject at your school?

although charge expensive twice foreign compulsory

54 fifty-four

My knowledge of maths is not good enough. I want to improve it. It will require a lot more practice. In the early years strict head teachers would punish the children with a cane. - Why are you looking so worried? - I dont want to hitch-hike! - Grow up! Dont act like a child. Say a little prayer and nothing will happen. - Dont laugh at me! Im really scared! When the criminal heard about his punishment, he shouted his disapproval. He screamed that there was no justice in this country. He banged his fist on the table and started to tear his clothes. It was quite a sight! For safety children from nursery school and primary school are separated by a wooden fence.

to improve to require strict head teacher to punish cane

verbeteren vragen, vereisen streng schooldirecteur/-directrice straffen rieten stok

to hitch-hike to grow up prayer to laugh to be scared

liften volwassen worden gebed lachen bang zijn

punishment to shout to scream to bang to tear sight nursery school primary school to separate wooden fence

straf schreeuwen gillen slaan scheuren gezicht, schouwspel kleuterschool lagere school scheiden houten omheining

How awful to have a husband who snores! He keeps you awake all night! Tomorrow the English teacher will divide the class in two groups. Well have a debate about the large amount of money people spend on tobacco every year. Do you want to take part in that discussion? Fewer people attend church these days. There are the Olsen twins. I dont know who is who. Theyre so alike.

to snore

snurken

to divide amount to take part in

verdelen hoeveelheid deelnemen aan

to attend

bijwonen, bezoeken

alike

gelijk

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55

Do you like this poem? Its written by Kenn Nesbitt. I have to learn it for drama class. I must see the dentist. Theres a hole in my tooth.

poem drama

gedicht toneel, expressie

hole

gat

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - School subjects (TB 44 - WB 5.2) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 54-56) Grammar: - Modal auxiliaries (can, have to ) (TB 47 - WB 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11) (used to) (TB 52 - WB 5.16, 5.17)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Read and show understanding of, and enjoy, poems, letters and texts about British school life (TB 43-46, 48-50 - WB 5.3, 5.4, 5.12, 5.14). Express obligation, absence of obligation, permission and prohibition (TB 47 - WB 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11). Talk about past events (TB 52 - WB 5.17). Express your opinion about school uniform (TB 50). Discuss school rules (TB 48-50 - WB 5.13).

56 fifty-six

Describing People

6.1

6.2 - 6.3 - 6.4 - 6.5 First Date

SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE:

12

Sandwich, 01304 627136. Hello, is that Sandy speaking? Yes, thats me all right. But who are you? Im Bruce from Brighton. I saw your ad in the paper. It really touched me. Oh, really? What exactly did you like about me then? Oh, youre blonde, slim and you like lasagne. What more can fulfil a mans dream. Oh Bruce, you make me blush I think we might be a perfect match. I read you were seeking for a tall, dark handsome man who loves animals and you know what! I have a goldfish!

fifty-seven

57

SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY: BRUCE: SANDY:

BRUCE:

How interesting. You certainly fit my description. I think we should meet and get to know each other more intimately. That sounds like a great idea to me! What about next Friday? Oh dear! On Friday evening Im playing table tennis with my ex. And Saturday? Im sure you wont be meeting him then? Oh no, of course not, once a week is more than enough. So Saturday is the date then? Im afraid not Oh dear My grandchildren are staying for the night. Grandchildren? You didnt really mention your age in the ad Well, if you really want to know I still feel like Im in my twenties. My exact age is not important. I guess youre right. As they say, life begins at 40. Im glad you see it that way, too. And by the way, Sunday is still free. Let me check my diary Im dining with my mother but I think I can cancel that. You sound like more fun than my mother. Oh great. Thats settled then. What are we going to do? We could go to an Italian restaurant. Oh yes. Are we going to see a film first? Sandwich is a town on the southWhy not? Titanic 2 is east coast of Kent. The 4th Earl playing at the Odeon. (graaf) of Sandwich (1718-92) is Hmm I love romansaid to have invented the tic movies. I fear Im sandwich as a quick and easy meal to eat while going to cry a lot gambling. An English sandwich consists of two or more though. slices of bread and butter with meat or cheese in between, Dont worry, Sandy. eaten with the hands. It often has a triangular shape. Im going to hold your

Did you know?

SANDY:

BRUCE:

SANDY:

hand when that happens. OK, Bruce. Ill see you Sunday at 7.30 pm. Until then I can hardly wait. Im sure its going to be such a fine evening. Bye, bye,

6.6 58 fifty-eight

GOING TO - FUTURE
POSITIVE (+) AND NEGATIVE (-) I You We They He She It subject QUESTIONS (?) (Why) are (not) you we they he she it I subject going to cry? am (not) are (not) going to see play a film. the guitar.

is (not)

fly

to New Orleans.

to be (not)

going to

infinitive without to

In informal spoken language (and songs) you often hear gonna for going to.

(When)

is (not)

study?

(What) (question word)

am to be (not)

eat? going to infinitive without to

Who is she going to talk to? What are they going to play with? We place the prepositions in questions at the end.

USE: We use the going to-future to talk about intentions or plans. (We gebruiken de going to-future om te zeggen wat we van plan zijn (niet) te doen.) e.g. Were going to watch TV all evening. We also use the going to-future when we see the future in the present. (We gebruiken de going to-future ook wanneer we vanuit het heden kunnen veronderstellen wat er in de toekomst zal gebeuren.) e.g. Im sure its going to be such a fine evening. I fear Im going to cry a lot though.

6.7 fifty-nine 59

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORM If you dont remember how to form the present continuous tense, consult your grammar survey, page 146. USE We use the present continuous to talk about the future for arrangements. (We gebruiken de present continuous wanneer we het hebben over afspraken in de toekomst.) e.g. Im dining with my mother on Sunday. REMEMBER We also use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening now. (We gebruiken de present continuous ook om te praten over zaken die nu aan het gebeuren zijn.) e.g. Its raining right now. The children are playing basketball at the moment.

6.8 - 6.9

Hobbies

surfing the Net

playing an instrument

dancing

listening to music

ice-skating

skateboarding

horse-riding

skiing

60 sixty

playing tennis/basketball/football

swimming

reading

shopping

playing computer games

chatting

watching TV

going to the cinema

6.10 - 6.11 6.12 6.13

Social Formulas
How do you do? Pleased to meet you. Have a good time. Have a nice day. Best of luck. Good luck. Congratulations. Great! I beg your pardon. Excuse me. Do you mind ? Im sorry. Oh dear! Oh really? How interesting! Its (quite) all right. Never mind. Dont worry. Youre welcome. Help yourself.

sixty-one

61

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
blonde to dream intimately to dine romantic romance blond dromen intiem, vertrouwelijk dineren, eten romantisch romance, romantisch verhaal sensitive attractive humorous friendship creative sensitief, gevoelig attractief, aantrekkelijk humoristisch vriendschap creatief

FAMILIAR WORDS
grandchild(ren) diary good-looking kleinkind(eren) dagboek knap, mooi

NEW WORDS
- Last week I read this ad in the paper. It gave a description of a wonderful cottage. The one Ive been seeking for ages! The one that could fulfil all my dreams! Finally a place to settle! - Didnt you call the owner? - Yes, I did and I had an appointment, too. But I had to cancel it, though. - Why? - An emergency at work. When I got back, it was already sold! What a gorgeous sight! The mountains seem to touch the clouds. - Dont worry! I think Ive found the perfect match for you: a handsome, sensitive and sincere young man. ad(vertisement) (news)paper description to seek to fulfil to settle advertentie krant beschrijving zoeken vervullen, waarmaken wonen, zich vestigen annuleren, afzeggen toch

to cancel though

gorgeous to touch to worry match handsome sincere

schitterend, prachtig aanraken zich zorgen maken partij mooi, knap (van mannen) eerlijk, oprecht

62 sixty-two

Someone who fits in with your desires. A chance you only get once in a lifetime. Why are you blushing? - Im not. By the way, you neednt be my marriage counsellor anymore. Ive just met a caring and kind man myself. - Oh, Im so glad for you! Can you describe him? Is he fair, black or ginger haired? - Come with me. Ill tell you all about him. She has been divorced for one year now, but she doesnt fear the encounter with her ex in court.

to fit in with once to blush by the way caring kind glad to describe fair ginger haired

passen bij eens, eenmaal blozen propos, tussen haakjes zorgzame, attente lieve, vriendelijke blij, verheugd beschrijven blond met rood haar

to fear encounter

vrezen, bang zijn ontmoeting

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Describing people (TB 57 WB 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) - Hobbies (TB 60-61 WB 6.7, 6.8) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 62-63) Grammar: - The going to-future positive (+), negative (-) and questions (?) (TB 59 WB 6.7) - The present continuous tense (TB 60 WB 6.8)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Describe people (WB 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4). Talk and write about plans and arrangements in the future (TB 59-60 WB 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9). Use social English (TB 61 WB 6.10, 6.11, 6.12).

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63

SANDY BRUCE SANDY BRUCE SANDY BRUCE

SANDY BRUCE

SANDY BRUCE

7.1 The Date 13

Bruce and Sandy ar enjoying a romantic candle-lit dinner. SANDY BRUCE SANDY Oh Bruce, I really loved that film. I never thought the Titanic would sink again. Lets talk about something else, Sandy, or Ill start crying again. Dont worry about that. I like men who can show their emotions. Theres nothing to be ashamed of. I think we will be very happy together, Sandy. Youre so sweet and understanding. SANDY BRUCE SANDY BRUCE

SANDY

Please stop or youll make me blush. Youll never believe what was in my horoscope today. No, I wont. I dont believe in horoscopes. Normally, I dont either, but this is too amazing to be a coincidence. Youre making me curious. Listen to this, I cut it out of this mornings newspaper. Darker times lie ahead of you. I thought you felt happy with me. Of course I do, but dont you get it? Darker times, the cinema, its pretty dark in a cinema, isnt it? Oh, I see. Theres even more. It also said: Youll find money in an unexpected place. And? Look what I found under my cinema seat! 50 p, congratulations, Bruce! And then it also said: Water will be an important element during the coming days. And you cried throughout the film.

BRUCE

BRUCE

SANDY BRUCE SANDY BRUCE

SANDY

7.2 7.3

BRUCE

Well yes, but I actually meant that the ship was full of water. And it might be a coincidence, but what have you just ordered? Mmm, a mineral water, I suppose. Exactly. And last but not least it said: You wont be lonely. Thats so cute. You are talking about us, arent you? Well, yes, that too, but my mothers coming over tomorrow. Youre more than welcome to join us. Listen to what my horoscope said: You wont be lucky in love. Well, they cant always be right, can they?

64 sixty-four

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

POSITIVE (+) I You He / She / It We You They SUBJECT + ll will like it.

ll will

+ infinitive without to

NEGATIVE (-) I You SUBJECT + wont will not wont will not work. + infinitive without to

QUESTIONS (?) Yes/No Questions Will Will my dreams + subject come true? + infinitive without to the weather + subject be like? +infinitive without to Short answers Yes, they will. No, they wont.

Question Word Questions What will QW + will Subject Questions Who will Who/What + will = SUBJECT

win the lottery? + infinitive without to

USE: It is the common form (=simple) to talk about the future (=future); it is used for predictions about the future, for promises and sudden decisions. (Het is de gewone vorm om over de toekomst te spreken; wordt gebruikt voor voorspellingen, beloftes en plotse beslissingen.)

7.4 - 7.5 - 7.6 - 7.7 Signs of the Zodiac

LISTEN AND REPEAT
LOOK, LISTEN SAY

Capricorn Aquarius Pisces - Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo

14
Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius

7.8 - 7.9 - 7.10 - 7.11 - 7.12 sixty-five 65


7.13

Problem Page

THE HEADINGS
C

1. 2. 3. 4.

A LOT TO HIDE SPENDING SPREES I WANT ONE EMBARRASSING MOMENTS

THE LETTERS
e l cam choo could s m s fro nd I friend er night a got home A f my h o t a o e l h e ere p d d A cou ith me th e. My da y mum w as if w m m g e a d hom ied of sh e an d huggin ll the a n d and h have om work kissing a t this way r c a f e f a h o y l t y s ear The d along the g on enagers. n a in t h it e s in t hand were they hey walk on his ff. T . head o show o . r e time h t g his s t in n t e . a t t stree orever pu rs tight je behave lik ssing f a a r s e s r t w a n She er. She are emb ds p ld ribly shou f my frien g and ter o in None so annoy . again is ome ey This h s d . h e .T rien for m ask f l? I am 15 mared to ee en f m e I a b h w oo as l them ho and have t m I l s fortie ld I te Shou h in their t o . are b 18 years or ried f n Susa

Im sixte en, 1.73 m , and we 63 kilos. igh betw My lifes een 60 a t y le is to w nd and eat ork out healthily r egularly in order But to th to look th e point: I e way I d cant get o. thighs. rid of th e fat on m I think I y should h ave surg boyfrien e r y to get d says h rid of it. e will sta My decide a nd behin nd he wil d w hatever l love me Do you I either w think th ay. is is a go liposucti od reaso on or am n to hav I being s ea elfish? Amy

Ive ju to have st turned six t All my a motorbike een and wa nt . but my friends alre ady ha paren ve ts simp have o n ly wont one, I wan e. let me t to sp money, end m y mind. but they won own pocket t chan ge the They k ir e too dan ep repeatin g that g How ca erous. its far n I c onvince them? Simon

range, nd st now. I u o s us ay D his m ming serio money on T ! y He s beco ing my ames, t but i stop spend computer g . cant hings like nd sweets s Im a t a silly adgets as quickly g , s DVD pending ey. s t mon ut? e k Im c o o g p earnin ou help me Can y Dave

66 sixty-six

THE ANSWERS

ur ust yo uld r t n e ays sho ld alw eone. You you u o c You y to som s to help ses. mone ur parent phase pas only o s ask y t until thi areas and oney e g g m n d i bu h o p p am oun t of s d i o ll . Av a small ou wi count leave r bank ac to help, y s in you hing seem l advice. t If no rofessiona p n eed

Your p are for thin nts may ha ve som king a e reas motor rous fo on bike is r you. too da s First y ngeou hav e youre to con vince a the You co responsible person m that uld su g gest ta in traff lesson ic. king d s. riving Why d ont yo u prom never ise the sp m Why n eed and alw ot ays we youll ar a he time, s take them fo lme o r you dr you can sho a ride the fir t? ive? st w them If they how s afely trust y ou, th what y ey will ou wa let you nt. You co have uld als o wheth a s k your g er you randpa r pare bike. r nts ev er had ents a moto r-

= square = circle = triangle = star

n, you osuctio p i l a e hav ? If you better. Selfish el a lot e f d nd she n a k a lipo a d a will loo h e in said it d of m he also s t A frien u B l. eautifu looks b he worth t lot. hurt a her its t e uch h w urself lipo is m o y A . k y s e A d mon he hair isk an isit to t v pain, r a n a rious th more se s. dresser

ey u? Th re yo e letter a , s t aren ad th ving p ey re our lo f you if th y f o ed do erve o des Asham be ashame one t ve such d ld u d o y sh he ha e. hat t ent m hould you s wonder w ery child s ld v E u cou d They daughter. . If yo your e r a a ple ou such arents. cky y from peo anking p ow lu t th loving nt know h tters I ge ur knees, o le o y e d n h . u t o n Yo ad of and and d e dow some read u would b your mum still in love nderu r e o r y o o , f a t e d y y g r e a d Lo t that th u could tr o o g the grea how it. Yo view. ts. I k its I thin amed to s point of our paren r who s h y t s ne n f a t e o r t r no pa med loving pa vely you your asha stand uldnt be will find a ee how lo s u ho You s ne day, yo world to le o , o e h hop he w ant t will w are.
OVER TO

Whats your opinion on the suggested answers?

I think that I dont think that In my opinion I believe that I dont believe that

START YOUR SENTENCES LIKE THIS:

sixty-seven

67

GIVING ADVICE SUGGESTING THINGS

Ask yourself whether its worth the pain, risk and money. Avoid shopping areas and only leave a small amount of money in your bank account. You shouldnt be ashamed of your parents. You should ask your parents to help you budget until this phase passes. You could try to understand your parents point of view. You could suggest taking driving lessons. Why not take them for a ride the first time? Why dont you promise them youll never speed and always wear a helmet? with imperatives

with should / shouldnt + infinitive without to

with could + infinitive without to

Why not + infinitive without to Why dont you + infinitive without to

OVER TO

Advice

Give the following people advice.

7.14

68 sixty-eight

FIRST CONDITIONAL
If-clause If you smile more often, If you do your homework now, If it rains, If you fall, If + simple present tense, Main clause you will find life a lot easier. you wont have anything to do tomorrow. I wont go to the seaside. I will catch you. simple future tense (= will/wont + infinitive without to)

Sometimes the main clause comes first: Your life will be perfect, if you follow my advice.

Use : The first conditional expresses a future possibility. It can be used in advice and suggestions. (De first conditional drukt een mogelijke situatie in de toekomst uit. Je kunt de vorm gebruiken om suggesties te doen of advies te geven.)

Give advice
you go out without your anorak, you stay up too late, its dark outside and youre home alone, you eat too many sweets, you dont get up now, be late for school. feel scared. want any lunch. get very cold. feel tired tomorrow morning.

OVER TO

Give advice, using these sentences:

If

youll you wont

OVER TO

Say what youll do if

In what situations will you do this? If , Ill call an ambulance. If , Ill give it away. Hell send you to the headmaster, if Ill lend you the money, if

Say what you will do if. - If I get rich, Ill buy - If I forget my best friends birthday, she/hell - If I dont have my books on me, my teacher will/wont - If I lose my pocket money,

7.15 - 7.16 - 7.17 - 7.18

sixty-nine

69

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
to sink emotion curious mineral water helmet risk to budget zinken emotie, ontroering curieus, nieuwsgierig mineraalwater helm risico het budget (plan van uitgaven) opmaken impulsief energiek restless practical perfectionist artistic passionate optimistic pessimistic idealistic rusteloos, onrustig praktisch perfectionist artistiek passioneel, hartstochtelijk optimistisch pessimistisch idealistisch

impulsive energetic

FAMILIAR WORDS
to show Congratulations! to order lonely simply tonen, laten zien Gefeliciteerd! bestellen eenzaam eenvoudig, gewoonweg pocket money to the point strange to suggest zakgeld ter zake vreemd voorstellen, aanraden

NEW WORDS
Mark works very hard. He earns 2000 a month. His wife however is pretty selfish. Shes only interested in her own needs and doesnt care about others. Last but not least she enjoys a spending spree. She spends as quickly as Mark earns. He really doesnt deserve this. Most of the time its not fat people who decide to get rid of the extra kilos. They arent ashamed of how much they weigh. Its other peoples reactions that hurt them and make them change their minds. Its so embarrassing for them. to earn pretty selfish last but not least to deserve (geld) verdienen tamelijk, vrij egostisch t laatste, maar niet t minste verdienen, recht hebben op beslissen kwijtraken beschaamd zijn over wegen pijn doen van idee veranderen gnant(e), pijnlijk(e)

to decide to get rid of to be ashamed of to weigh to hurt to change your mind embarrassing

70 seventy

Give me 10 reasons why I should trust you! Its annoying to see how you show off when my boyfriends around. Its a shame! Behave yourself! Dont make eyes at him. Convince me that youre a reliable person and that youre not after my boyfriend.

reason to trust annoying to show off shame to behave to convince reliable

reden vertrouwen ergerlijk, vervelend zich aanstellen, opscheppen schande zich gedragen overtuigen betrouwbaar

You should avoid problems! From my point of view you shouldnt entrust the new assistant with so much money.

to avoid point of view

vermijden oogpunt, standpunt

- Youre down on your knees, but it wont help you. Youre not driving that motorbike again until you prove to be a responsible driver. - Mum, thats not fair! I promise you Ill never speed again. Please, be understanding! - Not this time. Your father stands behind my decision.

to be down on your knees

op de knien vallen, smeken

responsible to promise to speed understanding to stand behind

verantwoordelijk(e) beloven versnellen, opdrijven begripvol achter iets of iemand staan, steunen

Wheres Lisa? Shes in Turkey. Where is she staying? I cant tell. Shes travelling throughout the country. She rang me up yesterday. It was already late, so it was quite unexpected. - Standard time in Turkey is two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. - Oh, I see.

throughout

helemaal door

unexpected ahead

onverwacht voor (op)

That child is hugging her doll. Its so cute.

to hug cute

omhelzen, liefkozen aardig, snoezig

seventy-one

71

- What a coincidence meeting you here. - Will you join us for a walk? - With pleasure!

coincidence to join

toeval meekomen, meegaan

Lets compare the star signs! Leo are the most generous. Gemini are the wittiest sign of the zodiac. Aquarius are touchier than Capricorn. Scorpio are the most secretive. Pisces are romantic, but idle. Libra cant easily make decisions, theyre indecisive. Taurus dont easily give in, theyre stubborn. Cancer are rather shy. Sagittarius like themselves a lot, theyre boastful. Capricorn are more rational than Aries and Virgo.

generous witty touchy secretive idle indecisive stubborn shy boastful rational

mild, vrijgevig geestig, schrander lichtgeraakt gesloten, terughoudend lui, doelloos besluiteloos koppig verlegen opschepperig, bluffend redelijk, verstandelijk

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Character traits (WB 7.9, 7.10) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 70-72) Grammar: - The simple future (TB 65 - WB 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6) - First conditional (TB 69 - WB 7.14, 7.15 ) - Giving advice (TB 68)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

- Talk about the future (TB 65 - WB 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7). - Give advice (TB 68 - WB 7.14, 7.15). - Write an answer to a letter (WB 7.16). - Write a horoscope (WB 7.12).

72 seventy-two

The Canterville Ghost

SPEAKER: An American family comes to live in England. Their name is Otis. They are looking for a house, and they buy Canterville Chase, an old English castle. There are frightening stories about a ghost in the castle. But the Americans don't listen to the stories. They aren't scared of ghosts. At first nothing happens. Then one night there is a strange noise in the castle. Mr Otis gets up. When he opens his bedroom door... THE CHARACTERS Mr and Mrs Otis Their daughter Virginia Otis Their sons: Washington, Tom, Tim Mrs Umney, the housekeeper Speaker Ghost SPEAKER: MR OTIS: (steps forward) "We're Americans. We don't believe in ghosts! We want to buy Canterville Chase and we want to live there. If there's a ghost in the house, well OK, we'll buy the ghost, too!" So they bought the house - and they all arrived at Canterville Chase on a lovely July evening. Virginia with her parents, her big brother Washington, and her two little brothers, Tom and Tim ...

8.1 - 8.2

15

This is a short theatre-version of the story written by Oscar Wilde (1856-1900).

VIRGINIA: Hello. My name is Virginia Otis. I'm American but I have lived in England all my life. That's because my father works here. Our new home is a beautiful old English house. It's like a castle, its so big! It's called Canterville Chase. SPEAKER: Before we start we must tell you a bit about Canterville Chase. Well, it all happened more than a hundred years ago. The Otis family came to England in 1885. Mr 0tis and his wife looked for a house. They found Canterville Chase, and decided to buy it. But they soon heard some very strange stories about the house. People said to them "Don't buy Canterville Chase! It's haunted2 ! Didn't you know?" Haunted?! Well, Mr Otis just said,
1

(Scene I: The living-room at Canterville Chase. In the middle of the room, there is a table, with tea things on it. Mrs Umney is standing at the door. Mr Otis, Mrs Otis and Virginia come in first. Washington and the two smaller boys come in with bags. ) MRS UMNEY: MR OTIS: MRS OTIS: VIRGINIA: Welcome to Canterville Chase! Please come in! Thank you, Mrs Umney. Well, here we are - in our new home! What a fantastic house! - What do you think of it, Virginia? I think I'll like it very much, Mother.

(Tom and Tim are running round the table now. Tom is running after Tim. They are laughing and having fun.)

1 2

to decide: beslissen Its haunted!: Het is een spookhuis!

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73

MRS UMNEY: MRS OTIS:

Tea is ready, madam. Thank you, Mrs Umney. Come to the table, all of you. Stop it, you two boys! That's enough! Now come and sit down, so we can have tea together.

TIM:

A ghost! A ghost! Come on, Tom! Let's go and look for the Canterville Ghost!

TOM:

Yeah! Let's look through all the rooms. Ghost! Ghost! We're coming!

VIRGINIA: (They all sit down. Mrs Umney goes out and comes back with a big teapot. She gives them all tea. They take biscuits and cake, and start to eat and drink. Mrs Otis looks round the room. Suddenly she sees a red stain3 on the floor. She points to4 it.) MRS UMNEY: MRS OTIS: Oh look, Mrs Umney! There's a very bad stain on the floor! WASHINGTON: (Tom gets up from his chair. He runs round the table. Tim runs after him. They look at the stain.) TOM: TIM: MRS UMNEY: MR OTIS: Ugh! A big red stain! It looks like blood! Blood! Ugh! It's a bloodstain! Yes, that's right, dear. It's blood. Blood? Well, we don't want blood on the floor. Please clean it up, Mrs Umney. MRS UMNEY: Sorry, sir, but I can't. It's the blood of Lady Eleanore Canterville. She died in 1575. Her husband5 , Sir Simon Canterville, murdered6 her here in this room. MRS OTIS: MRS UMNEY: Murdered his wife? In this room? How terrible! Yes, madam. I think you all know about the ghost here at Canterville Chase. WASHINGTON: MRS UMNEY: Well, we know there are stories about a ghost, yes! They aren't just stories, young man. It is the ghost of Sir Simon Canterville. He murdered Lady Eleanore in this room and he lived in this house for nine years after that. Then he suddenly disappeared7 . Nobody knows what happened to him. They never found his body. But his ghost is still here, at Canterville Chase! WASHINGTON:

The poor ghost! Why must he haunt the house for so many years?

(They run out of the room. They make a lot of noise.) And that old blood stain is still on the floor here. Nobody can clean it up. Wait. Let me try. We've got a bottle of stain remover8 in one of our bags.

(He gets the bottle from a bag and wipes9 over the stain with the stain remover.) You see? This American stain remover is very good. The stain is gone now!

a stain: een vlek to point to: wijzen naar 5 a husband: een echtgenoot 6 to murder: vermoorden 7 to disappear: verdwijnen 8 a stain remover: een ontvlekkingsmiddel 9 to wipe: vegen
3 4

74 seventy-four

MRS UMNEY:

Ah - but it will be there on the floor again tomorrow morning.

(There is lightning at the window.) GHOST: MRS OTIS: (not afraid) Oh, lightning! Maybe that's the end of the good weather. MRS UMNEY: I sometimes see terrible things here, so I often can't sleep at night. Terrible things happen in this house! (There is a loud noise of thunder.) VIRGINIA: SPEAKER: Listen to that thunder. Well, they didn't see the ghost that night. But the bloodstain was on the floor again the next morning. Washington cleaned it up. But every morning the terrible red stain was there again! Washington said: "Well, it really must be the ghost!" Then, on the third night, the ghost appeared10 ... (Scene II: Upstairs at Canterville Chase. There are two doors. One is Mr and Mrs Otiss bedroom door. The other one is the little boys' bedroom door. Moonlight from a small window is the only light.) On the left the ghost appears. He is a terrible old man, with long, white hair and an untidy beard. He is wearing a long white shirt. Heavy chains11 are hanging from his arms and legs. He is very slow but with every step there is a loud noise from the chains. Mr Otis opens his door and comes out with a candle. MR OTIS: What's that terrible noise? And who is this? Ah, it must be Sir Simon Canterville. My dear sir, you really must oil12 those chains! They're making a terrible noise out here. You woke me up with it! Look what I have for you. (He takes a small bottle and puts it on a table.) Here's a bottle of very TOM: TIM: TOM:

good hair oil. It's American! Try it! I'm sure it'll help. (He goes back into his bedroom and closes the door.) (in an angry whisper13 ) Hair oil for my chains! Hair oil!! He has no respect for me. No respect for the great ghost of Canterville Chase? Americans, eh? Pah! I'll show them! They'll be sorry they ever came to this house! (He walks towards the window, and gives a terrible laugh). Ha ha ha! Ha ha ha haaaaa!!

(Suddenly the door on the right opens, and Tim and Tom come out. They have both got pillows in their arms.)

There he is, Tim! Yeah!! Silly old ghost! We aren't scared of you! Ready, Tim? OK, one, two, three, NOW!!

(They throw the pillows. One pillow hits the ghost. The ghost shakes his fist at 14 the two boys and runs off the stage.)

to appear: verschijnen a chain: een ketting 12 to oil: olin 13 a whisper: gefluister 14 to shake your fist at: je vuist opsteken naar
10 11

seventy-five

75

SPEAKER:

Tim and Tom played a lot of tricks on him. Once they put pieces of string15 across the corridor - and he tripped and fell. Then they put butter at the top of the stairs, and he fell down again! Nobody in the family was scared of him - he just couldn't believe it! So he decided to take his revenge16 . Again and again he tried to scare them at night, but his tricks didn't work. One day, when Virginia was upstairs, she saw that one of the doors was open. So she went in just to see who was there. And there was the ghost! ...

VIRGINIA:

Yes, I know it off by heart: When a child gives its tears17 To charm away18 the old, old fears, Then will all the house be still And peace will come to Canterville. But what does this mean?

(Scene III: A room with a small chair at the window. The ghost is sitting there. He is looking out of the window.) VIRGINIA: GHOST: Oh!! Mr Ghost - er Sir Simon! I didn't know you were here! (in an unhappy voice) Oh, Miss Virginia, it's you! Oh, l am so unhappy! Please, help me, Miss Virginia! Everyone in your family laughs at me! VIRGINIA: GHOST: I don't laugh at you. But your brothers! They have no respect for me! They play tricks on me. It's so unfair. VIRGINIA: Unfair? But you wanted to scare people in this house. Wasn't that unfair? And you murdered your wife! How can you forget that? GHOST: That was a long, long time ago. I'm sorry about it now, but I can find no peace. I can never leave this house. I can never sleep! Three hundred years without sleep! Im so tired. VIRGINIA: GHOST: Poor, poor ghost! How can I help you? Do you know the old Canterville rhyme?
a string: een snoer, een koord to take revenge: wraak nemen 17 a tear: een traan 18 to charm away: wegtoveren 19 the charm: de betovering
15 16

GHOST:

It means that if you are really sorry for me, your tears will save me. And I will find peace - and death.

VIRGINIA:

(with tears) Oh, poor ghost. Of course, I feel sorry for you.

(They go off the stage) SPEAKER: (in a slow voice) Nobody ever saw the ghost again. The charm19 was broken now, and the ghost was at peace.

8.3 - 8.4 - 8.5

76 seventy-six

MOODS AND FEELINGS

to to to to

be be be be

scared afraid frightened terrified

to be angry to be mad to be cross

to to to to

be be be be

sad unhappy upset bored

to be shy to be ashamed to be embarrassed

to be nervous

to be fed up to be sick and tired

to be disappointed

to be jealous to be worried

to be shocked to be disgusted

to to to to

be be be be

cheerful happy delighted excited

to be proud

to be surprised

8.6 - 8.7

seventy-seven

77

Idioms: Moods and Feelings

positive feelings to feel on top of the world: to feel very happy indeed to be on cloud nine: to be happy, pleased to be in high spirits: to be lively, enjoying things to be as fit as a fiddle: to feel very fit indeed negative feelings a face as long as a fiddle: to look very sad, depressed to be down in the dumps: to be very sad to be in a mood: to be in a bad temper to feel under the weather: to not feel very well to feel blue: to feel sad fear to be scared stiff: to be very scared to frighten the life out of someone: to frighten someone a lot to be shaking in your shoes: to be trembling with fear

8.8
OVER TO

House with Ghost

Look at the title of the text and the picture and discuss: - Why would this house be on sale? - Would you want to live in a house with a ghost? - What about most people?

8.9

For Sale: House with Ghost

A man selling his two-bedroomed house for 38,000, has added an unusual condition - the ghost must stay.

ay Ronson, 37, from Barry, south Wales, wants the future owners to leave the spirit in peace. Mr Ronson and his wife Maureen became aware of their ghost - nicknamed Tom - after moving to the house in 1997.

t first the couple were frightened and took to sleeping in their car outside to get away from him. But they gradually grew fond of the ghost and gave him a name. Mr Ronson wants to make sure that no one will try to exorcise their ghost.

78 seventy-eight

The sales contract mentions that Tom must not be banished from the property. "We noticed the presence just after we moved in and started to decorate," said Mr Ronson. "Things would go missing and then turn up in unusual places and there were areas of the house that were very cold. 'Pretty Unusual' "I also saw something in the bedroom. We called in a priest who talked to the ghost and after that things settled down. We have grown quite fond of

him. But we want to move to a bigger house and both of us agree that it is important Tom stays here where he belongs." Hugh Dunsmore-Hardy, of the National Association of Estate Agents, said: "It is a pretty unusual request. In the end it comes down to whether you believe in the supernatural or not."

News BBC, 22 November, 2000

8.10 - 8.11 - 8.12

LISTEN AND REPEAT:
[ ] as in cup
LOOK, LISTEN SAY

My mother went to London by bus.

16
I love nuts and honey on Sunday. You mustnt worry, says uncle Buck. Youre not ugly, youre wonderful.

8.13 - 8.14 - 8.15

seventy-nine

79

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
ghost castle fantastic blood step to oil geest, spook kasteel fantastisch bloed stap olin respect unfair condition to decorate priest respect onfair, oneerlijk conditie, voorwaarde decoreren, versieren priester

FAMILIAR WORDS
poor to be sorry about something peace supernatural arm

spijt hebben over iets vrede, rust bovennatuurlijk

NEW WORDS
Terrible things happened in that old house down the street. The owner murdered his wife. There were bloodstains all over the corridor. The neighbours became aware of the murder when they heard the woman scream. When the police turned up, they could only notice her death. terrible owner to murder stain corridor to become aware of to turn up to notice death vreselijk(e) eigenaar vermoorden vlek gang gewaarworden opdagen vaststellen, vermelden dood

Dont cry over that boy! Save your tears. Hes not worth it.

to save tear

sparen, bewaren traan

On this city trip, the guide pointed to an old castle that has been haunted for years.

to point to haunted

wijzen naar bezocht door geesten

80 eighty

The prince once met a beautiful girl. Her name was Cinderella. He gradually grew fond of her, but at twelve oclock sharp she suddenly disappeared. She tripped on the stairs and lost one shoe. The charm was broken. Her beautiful clothes were charmed away. Her only fear was that he should see her like this. But he didnt. Ever since the prince has been looking for her. He wont find peace until he has found her.

gradually to grow fond of someone suddenly to disappear to trip charm to charm away fear

geleidelijk van iem. beginnen houden plots verdwijnen struikelen betovering wegtoveren vrees, angst

Hes a very strange person. His clothes are worn out. His hair and beard are untidy. He looks so tired. He always appears in places where you dont expect him. His presence scares people.

untidy tired to appear presence to scare

slordig moe verschijnen aanwezigheid bang maken

When you want to sleep in the car, take your pillow. You may need it.

pillow

kussen

When this man had trouble untying this string, we couldnt help laughing at him. He came towards us and shook his fist. The Scots believe ghosts haunt most of their castles. They tell frightening stories about people trying to banish/exorcise these spirits.

string to laugh at towards fist to haunt frightening to banish/to exorcise spirit property to belong to

koord, touwtje lachen met, uitlachen naartoe vuist rondwaren in, spoken angstaanjagende uitdrijven, verjagen geest eigendom toebehoren aan

Leave my property. It belongs to me. You cant play here!

Wait until the children have settled down before you start your lesson.

to settle down

tot rust komen, bedaren

eighty-one

81

- Whispers are going round that Peters house is on sale. Dont you find this unusual? - No, I dont. Peter has always wanted to sell his house someday.

whisper on sale unusual to sell

gefluister, gerucht te koop ongewoon verkopen

- Do you and your family have a housekeeper? - No, we dont. Our house is not that big and my mother is home all the time.

housekeeper

huishoudster

I dont believe in revenge. An eye for an eye, thats for primitive people.

revenge

wraak

At my request they played my mothers favourite song on the radio. It was on her 70th birthday.

request

verzoek

Ive spoilt my new blouse! Do you have a good stain remover?

stain remover

ontvlekkingsmiddel

- What took you so long? - I had to learn this poem by heart for drama class. It wasnt easy at all.

by heart

van buiten

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Moods & Feelings (TB 77-78 WB 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 80-82)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Listen for information (WB 8.2). Pronounce the [ ] sound (TB 79 WB 8.13). Pronounce the ea-sound (WB 8.14). Formulate questions (WB 8.4). Read and understand a text (WB 8.9, 8.11). Write an ending to a story (WB 8.11).

82 eighty-two

An Awful Day
MRS COOPER Hello darling. Im home! Ive had an awful day. MR COOPER I can see that! What have you done? MRS COOPER I havent done anything. The hairdresser did this to me. I cant believe it. This has never happened to me before. He normally does his job well. MR COOPER So he should for that kind of money! I presume you havent paid for the treatment? MRS COOPER Of course not! He didnt look too happy either. He drove me home so no one could see me. Ive never felt so miserable in my life. MR COOPER Oh dear, oh dear! Worse things have happened. MRS COOPER What? MR COOPER Well hum I cant think of anything right now, but there must be something. MRS COOPER Why me?

17

What has the hairdresser done?

AFTER The hairdresser has burned her hair. The hairdresser has cut all her hair. The hairdresser has dyed her hair green. The hairdresser has curled her hair. The hairdresser has put dreadlocks in her hair.

OVER TO

BEFORE

eighty-three

83

DID YOU KNOW?

EXPRESSIONS WITH HAIR
to get in a persons hair = to get on someones nerves

Keep your hair on. = dont get angry

to take a hair of the dog that bit you = cure a hangover with a drink to let your hair down = to go wild, behave without inhibitions
* wtihout inhibitions: zonder remmingen

to a hair = exactly It makes my hair stand on end. = to be horrified

9.1 - 9.2

SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

POSITIVE (+) I You He She It We You They Subject AND ve have s has ve have NEGATIVE (-) (not) washed tidied up the car. the house.

called

the police.

ve (have) s (has)
Careful! Shor t forms Hes working. (He is workin g.) Hes worked. (He has worke d.)

past participle

past particip le = voltooid deel woord

84 eighty-four

The spelling and pronunciation of the regular past participles is the same as the simple past form. Check TB page 148. For the list of irregular past participles check TB page 153.

QUESTIONS (?)
SHORT ANSWERS Have Has you she lost seen your watch? that movie? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.

Who Where (question word)

has have have/has

she you subject

kissed? been past participle

all night?

Watch out! In subject questions the question word is the subject! e.g.: Who has never been to London? What has happened to Mrs Cooper? Use: Examples: Oh no! Theyve broken into my house!

Oh dear! Ive forgotten your birthday!

Hurray! Ive won the lottery!

The speaker uses the simple present perfect tense when a present situation or state (present) makes him look back to the past (perfect). There is no stress on the duration (simple). (Je gebruikt de simple present perfect tense als je vanuit het heden terugkijkt naar het verleden. De duur wordt niet benadrukt.) Signal words: yet, already, since , for ., just Examples: Star Wars 13 is on tonight. I havent seen that film yet. Tidy up my room? Ive already cleaned my room twice today! Im worried. She hasnt called since last Friday. Amanda? Ive known her for ages. Dont sit down. Ive just painted that bench.

eighty-five

85

LOOK, LISTEN SAY

Sometimes the letters in irregular forms are the same, but the sound is different. First listen to the sentences, then read them. 1. Do you want to read this book? No, thank you. Ive already read it. 2. Lets do our homework together. Oh, Ive just done it. 3. Ill drive now. Thanks. Ive driven a long way. 4. Why dont you want to hear that joke? Because Ive heard it so often!

Ive already had breakfast. Ive just heard some good news! Have you do ne your homework ye t?

Now listen and say these sentences. What are the infinitives? Compare the sounds. 5. I've just written a letter. 6. He has gone to the cinema. 7. They've already said goodbye. 8. Where have you hidden my pen?
OVER TO

Look at the pictures and say what has happened

he to lose weight she to cut they to have

I - to miss

9.3 - 9.4 - 9.5 - 9.6 - 9.7 - 9.8 - 9.9

I - to forget

86 eighty-six

Find out what your partner has(nt) done today.

Yes, I have. / No, I havent.

OVER TO

Example: Have you had breakfast yet? Have you already had breakfast? to have breakfast to listen to music to make your bed to watch TV to check your e-mail to kiss someone

Dialogues

OVER TO

Use the ideas to make little dialogues.

Example: You look happy. - Yes, Ive just heard some good news.

You look ... Yes, Ive just ...

win a prize scared excited angry tired happy miserable ... see a ghost find some money under my bed cut my hand/... run a long way start/finish my homework

hear some good/bad news

remember a nice/terrible dream

have a nice surprise

...

9.10 - 9.11 - 9.12 - 9.13 - 9.14

eighty-seven

87

A GAME
Have you ever ?

Your teacher will give you a set of cards. You pick one card and make a question using the simple present perfect tense. You address it to someone in your class, whose answer you expect to be Yes, I have. You score one point if the answer is positive.

If the answer is indeed positive, you can ask two extra questions to find out more. For every correct extra question, you get another point. Mind! For the extra questions you will have to use the simple past tense. example: to forget a birthday Have you ever forgotten a birthday? Yes, I have. Whose birthday was it? My mothers. When did that happen? Last year.

88 eighty-eight

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
just since juist, net, zopas sinds, sedert

FAMILIAR WORDS
not yet for (5 years) nog niet gedurende, al

Ive lived here since 2003. Ive been marr ied for twenty ye ars.

NEW WORDS
- Why are you wearing sunglasses in winter? - I had a fight with my little brother yesterday and I just want to hide my black eye. - Let me see. You look awful. - I know. I feel very miserable. - I presume you wont fight again.

miserable to presume

ellendig veronderstellen, aannemen

One of my fellow pupils got seriously injured during the P.E. lesson. The headmaster called for an ambulance. The boy has to stay in hospital for further treatment.

treatment

behandeling

The criminal covered up his head with a towel, so that no-one could take pictures of him.

to cover up towel

verbergen, toedekken handdoek

Does her hair curl naturally?

to curl

krullen

eighty-nine

89

Yesterday my mother noticed her first grey hairs. She immediately went to the hairdresser and asked him to dye her hair.

to dye

verven (van haar, kledij)

When their idol finally appeared on stage, several of the girls fainted and had to be carried off the field.

to faint

flauwvallen

The bullet struck his head and he was killed on the spot.

on the spot

ter plaatse, onmiddellijk

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Vocabulary Focus (TB 89-90) Grammar: - Irregular past participles (TB 157) - Simple present perfect sense (positive, negative, questions) (TB 84-85 - WB 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.14) - Since and For (WB 9.13)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Say what someone has(nt) done (TB 87 - WB 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12). Say what has(nt) happened (TB 86 - WB 9.6, 9.14).

90 ninety

An Unpleasant Surprise
Sandy returns from a game of table tennis with her ex. There she finds her lover Bruce lying on he ground...

10.1 - 10.2 - 10.3

SANDY BRUCE Yes, of course my dear, but how did you end up lying on the hall floor? I was in such agony that I called for the doctor. I was in the veranda laying the table when the door bell rang. I hurried towards the front door, but had forgotten that I had closed the veranda door behind me, so I walked right though the glass door. I think I have broken my nose. Oh no! There were glass splinters everywhere and I carefully tried to avoid them on my way to the front door. I managed to reach the living room without any further trouble. However, on entering the hall I tripped over the new carpet we bought last week. I felt a terrible pain in my right knee and elbow. I think Ive twisted my elbow and broken my knee. I knew the doctor was so close, but I just couldnt get up anymore. Ive never felt so helpless in all my life. Dont worry, dear, its all over now. Ill call an ambulance right away. By the way, whats that smell coming from the kitchen? Oh no, my lasagna

19

SANDY

BRUCE

SANDY BRUCE SANDY BRUCE

SANDY BRUCE

SANDY BRUCE

SANDY BRUCE

Oh, Bruce, dear, what are you doing down there on the floor? What has happened? I feel pain all over. A terrible accident has happened! I cant get up anymore. Poor thing, let me help you onto the sofa. Ow. Ooooo.. Ouch, that hurts! Thats better. Now tell me what you have done this time. I was thinking of celebrating our first month together and wanted to cook our favourite meal for you. Oh, thats so cute! It started when I took the lasagna from the freezer. I had forgotten to close the cupboard door, so I bumped my head against it when I stood up. I felt so dizzy that I stumbled around the kitchen and hit my toe against the kitchen table. I think its broken. Oh, how awful! Hang on, theres more to come. I managed to get up again and put the lasagna in the oven. On closing the oven door my finger got stuck. I immediately pulled it out and tore off my finger nail. That must have been so painful! It still is.

SANDY BRUCE

SANDY

BRUCE

ninety-one

91

VOCABULARY
INJURIES
1 a black eye 2 a broken leg 3 a bump 4 burnt fingers 5 electrocution 6a 7a 8a 9a bruise cut (finger) twisted ankle nosebleed
7 4 5 3 1 9 6

2 8

OVER TO

Watch out!
light stove

Have a look at the picture. - How many dangerous things can you see in the kitchen? - What may happen?

iron

knife ladder

fridge

drill

10.4 - 10.5 - 10.6

92 ninety-two

How to help an injured person

HELPER
Are you all right? Have you hurt yourself? Can you stand up/ move?

VICTIM
Im OK / fine / all right. Theres something wrong with I think Ive

It looks serious. You mustnt move. You must keep warm. Dont worry. Id better call an ambulance / a doctor. Ill try to stop the bleeding.

An Accident

OVER TO

Someone has fallen off his/her bike. You want to help him/her. Make dialogues with your partner. Use phrases from the grid above.

10.7

ninety-three

93

Reading for fun: SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

(schadelijk)

May be harmful

if swallowed

(slikken).

Product Warnings
If you take your time you can read the funniest things on product warnings. You know: these pieces of paper that are always included in the box of a new product. Normally nobody reads these things, but we took the time to find some of the strangest warnings. Here they are: For external use only! on a curling iron (krultang). On the same curling iron: Warning: This product can burn eyes. This is what we read on the instructions for a hair dryer: - Do not use in shower. - Do not use while sleeping. Do not place this product into any electronic equipment (apparatuur). On the case of a chocolate CD in a gift basket. Do not drive with sunshield (zonnescherm) in place. On a cardboard (karton) sunshield that keeps the sun off the dashboard. Maybe you want to read this when you get too hungry: Do not eat toner (inkt). On a toner cartridge (inktpatroon) for a laser printer. This product is not to be used in bathrooms. On a Holmes bathroom heater. Do not use orally On a toilet bowl cleaning brush. Please keep out of children. On a butchers knife. Not suitable for children aged 36 months or less. On a birthday card for a 1 year old. This one is well known: Do not use for drying pets. In the manual for a microwave oven. For use by trained personnel only. On a can of air freshener. Warning: Do not climb inside this bag and zip it up. Doing so will cause injury and death. A label inside a protective (beschermend) bag for fragile objects, which measures 15 cm by 15 cm by 12 cm. While we're talking about things that cause death: Beware! To touch these wires (draad) means instant death. Anyone found doing so will be prosecuted (vervolgd). On a sign at a railroad station. So, after having read these silly things, youll probably start reading product warnings very intensively. By the way, a last and very important warning: Do not use orally after using rectally. In the instructions for an electric thermometer.

94 ninety-four

Did you know?

THE NUMBER FOR THE

emergency services: 999 (UK) or 911 (USA and Canada) talking clock: 123 UK Operator (inlichtingen): 100 International Operator: 155 Directory Enquiries (vragen ivm telefoongids): 192-

Did you know?

Expressions about health, illness and death

to be as fit as a fiddle to be bursting with health to be as fresh as a daisy to be safe and sound

to feel fit:

to die: to kick the bucket to pass on to be six feet under to pass away to be with one foot in the grave to be pushing up the daisies

ninety-five

95

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
unpleasant ground accident niet plezant, onaangenaam grond accident, ongeluk, ongeval light ladder freezer licht ladder diepvries

FAMILIAR WORDS
to end up eindigen, tenslotte terechtkomen

NEW WORDS
I was painting my fingernails and toenails when the bell rang. nail nagel

I carefully filled in the crossword puzzle, pulled it out of the magazine and immediately sent it to the address mentioned on top of the page. I really hope Ill win the 10 DVDs.

carefully to pull out immediately

zorgvuldig uittrekken onmiddellijk

Yesterday, a terrible accident happened. A car bumped into the car in front. The unlucky man, who had fallen asleep, was badly injured. He was in such agony and cried for help. My brother called an ambulance. They had to cut the safety-belts with a knife and use a drill to get the victim out of the car.

to bump

botsen

injured agony knife drill victim

gewond hevige pijn mes boor slachtoffer

Last week I wanted to celebrate my 30th birthday and invited my best friends to have a drink at my place. After work, I hurried to the shop to get

to celebrate

vieren

96 ninety-six

some drinks and snacks. When I arrived at my apartment, I got stuck in the elevator. It took the repairmen 2 hours to set me free. Happy birthday!

to get stuck

vastzitten

Dont pick up the broken glass or youll get a splinter into your finger.

splinter

splinter, scherf

- Whats in the casserole on the stove? - Its mutton stew. - What a nice smell!

stove smell

fornuis geur

I was ironing my new blouse when the doorbell rang. I rushed to the door and stumbled over my sons toys on the ground. I fell and hit my head against the table. Still dizzy I opened the door. No one! Probably some children having fun! Hang on. Theres more to come. When I came back, I noticed Id left the iron on my blouse. It had burned a hole in it. How awfully stupid of me!

to stumble against dizzy

struikelen tegen duizelig

Hang on. iron

Wacht even. strijkijzer

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Body parts (WB 10.1,10.2) - Injuries (TB 92 WB 10.1,10.2, 10.3) - Vocabulary focus (TB 96-97) Grammar: - The simple present perfect tense (WB 10.5)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Talk about dangerous situations (TB 92 WB 10.3). Help an injured person (TB 93 WB 10.5).

ninety-seven

97

11.1 - 11.2 At the Restaurant 20

The Coopers have booked a table in the exquisite restaurant Pie in the Sky. WAITER MR COOPER MRS COOPER WAITER MRS COOPER WAITER Good evening, can I help you? Yes, weve booked a table for two. The names Cooper. My husband writes for the Good Food Guide, you know. I know, but wasnt it the Michelin Guide last time? That table near the window looks ever so cosy. Yes, we reserve that one for our very special guests. Can I suggest the table in the corner for the two of you? Its near the kitchen door, so you might catch a glimpse of the work going on in the kitchen. Oh Alfred, thatll be perfect for your article. What article? Alfred! Oh yes, of course, the Good Food Guide. Please, be seated. Here are your menus. What are you going to have, dear?

MRS COOPER Ill have the shrimp salad for starter and the Dover sole as a main course. And youll have the mushroom soup and steak. Thatll do you good. WAITER Can I take your orders? MR COOPER For starters one shrimp salad and one mushroom soup. WAITER And as a main course, sir? MR COOPER The Dover sole and lamb chops with garlic sauce. WAITER Any wine with that? MRS COOPER A bottle of the house white will be fine. WAITER Thank you, I wont be a minute. MRS COOPER Alfred, how could you? You know you cant handle meat with a bone. 5 minutes later WAITER Would you like to taste the wine, sir? MRS COOPER Ill do that. My husbands driving.

MRS COOPER MR COOPER MRS COOPER MR COOPER WAITER MR COOPER

98 ninety-eight

WAITER

And here are your starters. Bon apptit! MRS COOPER No, thank you, Im fine. These waiters! Always wanting to make money on the side orders. 10 minutes later WAITER And here are your main courses. Enjoy your meal! MRS COOPER Oh, Alfred. MR COOPER Whats wrong, dear? MRS COOPER I can tell by the taste of it that this sole isnt from Dover. MR COOPER Do you want me to call the waiter? MRS COOPER Waiter, waiter! WAITER What can I do for you? MRS COOPER How dare you call this Dover sole? WAITER Whats wrong with it, madam? MRS COOPER It tastes just like the one I had in Ostend last summer! WAITER Im very sure its not the same one, but our cook has a niece living in Ostend. You have a very fine taste, indeed, Madam. Now that Im here, would you like any desserts or coffees? MRS COOPER Wheres your Irish coffee from?

WAITER

From Ireland and our French coffee from France. We also have Belgian waffles, Dutch cheese, Italian tiramisu MR COOPER Bring us the bill and some plain old English tea for two. Im driving remember. MRS COOPER But Im not, dear. MR COOPER Oh yes you are. Youre driving me mad.

11.3 - 11.4

What do you need to lay the table?

ninety-nine

99

WAITER
Can I help you? Can I suggest the table Please be seated. Here are your menus. Can I take your orders? Are you ready to order? These are the daily/weekly specials. Can I suggest the Would you like anything to drink? Here you are. Enjoy your meal. How is/was everything? Coffee or dessert?

CUSTOMER
Do you have a table for two? Weve booked a table for The name is Ill have I would like to order As a starter/main course Ill have Id like a glass of/bottle of Thank you, thanks a lot. Delicious, very good, thanks. Compliments to the chef. Just coffee please. Can I have the bill, please? Bring us the bill.

11.5 - 11.6 - 11.7

Be polite! Here you are . Thank you. No, thank you . Yes, please.

100 one hundred

a piece of cake

a packet of flour

a bottle of oil

a tin of peas

a loaf of bread

a bunch of grapes

a carton of orange juice

a bar of chocolate

a can of lemonade

a box of cereals

a slice of cheese

a cup of coffee

a glass of wine

a bag of crisps

a lump of sugar

one hundred and one 101

MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF

We use much and many in negative (-) sentences and questions (?) and with so, as and too.

much many

before uncountable nouns before plural countable nouns

countable no uns: things we ca n co How much money does the red skirt cost? e.g. one book, unt How many shoes are there in the shop window? two tables, three chairs There isnt much time left.
There arent many children in the shop. There are too many people in this room. We had so much fun yesterday. Did you get as many visitors as last year?

uncountable nouns: things we ca nt count e.g. time, rice, luck

We use a lot of

in positive (+) sentences. (before countable and uncountable nouns)

There is a lot of work to be done. We had a lot of rain yesterday. In spoken English a lot of can also be used in questions and negative sentences. Example: There isnt a lot of time left. Are there a lot of people in the shop?

11.8 - 11.9 - 11.10

102 one hundred and two

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
to book to reserve article menu boeken reserveren, voorbehouden artikel menu, spijskaart bone dessert waffle been dessert, nagerecht wafel

FAMILIAR WORDS
Gaat u zitten. bestelling Ik ben zo klaar. Ik kom dadelijk terug. niece nicht to drive someone mad iemand gek maken Please be seated. order I wont be a minute.

desert dessert

NEW WORDS
A teacher must know how to handle noisy pupils. to handle noisy omgaan met luidruchtig(e)

Die hard fans are waiting for hours and hours in front of the stage door to catch a glimpse of their idol. They hope hell make the time to have a nice chat or to autograph their pictures and CDs. Its pie in the sky.

glimpse

glimp, vluchtige blik

pie in the sky

luchtkasteel

Top models were showing exquisite designs at Versaces fashion show.

exquisite

exclusief (-ve)

When we were in London, we visited the British Museum. At the entrance we bought a guide to read some information about the different rooms.

guide

gids

Why dont you lodge a complaint against this hotel? The room was too small. The bar was too smoky.

complaint

klacht

smoky

rokerig

one hundred and three 103

The waiter at the restaurant was unfriendly and rude.

waiter

ober

Can you drive me to the bank? There are some bills to be paid.

bill

rekening

- Im hungry. Lets find something to eat. - Do you like Chinese? - No, I dont. Dont you know a place around here where they prepare plain meals? - I do! Its a small restaurant, but the food is delicious and its not that expensive. The main course is quite big. You neednt take a starter. - Sounds good to me!

plain

gewo(o)n(e), eenvoudig(e) hoofdschotel voorgerecht

main course starter

We thought the food was cheap, but when we added all the side orders, it turned out to be really expensive.

side order

bijgerecht

It was nice to meet my niece in Nice.

niece

nicht

- Lets go for a swim in the sea. - No, thanks. I dont like the salty water.

salty

zoute, gezouten

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - What do you need to lay the table? (TB 99 - WB 11.3) - Containers of food and drink. (TB 101 - WB 11.6) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 103-104) Grammar: - Much, many, a lot of (TB 102 - WB 11.7)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Order a meal (TB 100 - WB 11.1, 11.2, 11.5). Discuss table manners (WB 11.4).

104 one hundred and four

hamster

lizard

12.1 - 12.2

shark

donkey

goat

cock

chicken

hippo

camel

crocodile

panther

tiger

turtle

tortoise

one hundred and five 105

mouse

leopard

snail

slug

fox

dog

bear

wolf

duck

swan

goose

whale

squirrel

owl

budgie

106 one hundred and six

fly

lion

elephant

spider

parrot

rabbit

pig

cow

bat

puppy

giraffe

horse

fish

butterfly

monkey/ape

one hundred and seven 107

sheep

cat

kangaroo

12.3 - 12.4 - 12.5 - 12.6 - 12.7

A Kangaroo, Julie Holder

A kangaroo One afternoon Jumped so high It jumped over the moon! It jumped so far It jumped so high It bumped its head Upon the sky Down it fell Spinning round And bumped its bottom On the ground

WOLF ALARMED ABOUT TARANTULA

Yesterday night a dangerous tarantula was stolen from an East London pet shop. The theft was discovered by the shop owner, Mr Wolf. When I came in, he said, all the animals were making an awful lot of noise. At first I didnt see what was wrong. But when I was feeding the animals, I noticed that the tarantula was missing. According to the owner the animal is extremely poisonous and should be handled with care.
The Breakaway Standard

So far the police have no clue whatsoever who might be interested in stealing such an animal. People who see the animal in the picture, should immediately report to the police.

12.8 108 one hundred and eight

Suspects

Inspectors Bacon and Eggs in charge of the case of the missing tarantula are suspecting the following people.

- George Boy - 47

- Michael George - 35

He is the shop assistant and has got a key to the shop. Hes married, but his wife is having an affair with Michael George.

He works in the London Zoo and is having an affair with Diane Spencer Boy. His wife died 3 years ago.

- Mark Wolf - 50

- Peggy Lou Wolf - 51

Hes the owner of the shop. Hes married to Peggy Lou. Theyve got one son, Peter. Father and son dont get on very well together.

Shes the owners wife and an RSPCA member. She likes pets, but doesnt want her husband to keep exotic animals.

- Diane Spencer Boy - 40

- Peter Wolf - 25

Shes married to George Boy and is having an affair with Michael George. She works as a hospital nurse.

Hes single and scared of animals. He hates his father for keeping them.

RSPCA = Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty against Animals (dierenbescherming)

OVER TO

Catch the Thief

12.9 - 12.10 12.11

Who do you think has stolen the tarantula? Discuss with your partner.

one hundred and nine 109

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

POSITIVE (+) AND NEGATIVE (-) I was (not) wasnt were (not) werent was (not) were (not) feeding the animals.

You

sleeping

when it happened.

He The animals

stealing making

the tarantula. an awful lot of noise.

subject

was / were (not)

ing-form

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Short answer. Were you feeding the animals? Yes, I was. No, I wasnt.

Was / were

subject

ing-form

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) Who were you kissing last night?

Question word

was / were

subject

ing-form

USE The past continuous tense describes what was going on in the past. (De 'past continuous tense' beschrijft wat er aan het gebeuren was in het verleden.)

Past Continuous e.g. I was watching TV The animals were making a lot of noise He was feeding the animals long action

Simple Past

when Mum came home. when Mr Wolf came in. when he noticed the spider wasnt there. short action

110 one hundred and ten

12.12 - 12.13 12.14

How good is your memory?

A GAME

Ask your partner what he/she was doing at different moments yesterday. Example: - What were you doing at 7.40 yesterday? - I was waiting for the bus.

12.15 - 12.16 - 12.17 12.18

ITS RATHER DARK IN HERE, by Oliver Oldman (7 years old!)

I am writing these lines from inside a lion And its rather dark in here! So excuse the writing that may not be too clear. But I am afraid to tell you last night I got too near.

one hundred and eleven 111

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
tarantula to alarm to steal extremely to have an affair with tarantula alarmeren stelen extreem, buitengewoon een affaire (verhouding) hebben met to report so far exotic alibi inspector rapporteren, verslag uitbrengen zover, tot nu toe exotisch alibi inspecteur

FAMILIAR WORDS
wrong single verkeerd alleenstaand, niet getrouwd

NEW WORDS
My friends brother Jim has a poisonous snake in his bedroom. Whenever he wants to feed him, he must open the terrarium with care so as not to let him escape. His parents let him keep this dangerous animal, but made it a condition that he should be in charge of the snake. poisonous to feed care to keep to be in charge of giftig voeden zorg, voorzichtigheid houden belast zijn met, zorg dragen voor

He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.

according to crime

volgens misdaad

Susan married last week. Every member of her family came to her wedding. They all get on very well together.

member to get on

lid overeenkomen, opschieten

The police suspected a young man in that case. He was in the area at the time of the crime. He committed suicide before the interrogations had started.

to suspect case to commit

verdenken geval, zaak plegen

112 one hundred and twelve

They have no clue whatsoever.

clue

aanwijzing

Who discovered the theft at the jewellers ?

to discover theft

ontdekken diefstal

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Animals (TB 105-108 WB 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.17, 12.18) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 112-113) Grammar: - The past continuous tense (TB 110 WB 12.11, 12.12) - The past continuous tense vs. the simple past tense (TB 110 WB 12.13,12.14)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Talk about activities going on in the past (TB 111 WB 12.11, 12.12, 12.13,12.14). Investigate a theft (TB 109 WB 12.9). Write about your crazy pet (WB 12.15). Find rhyme words (WB 12.16). Listen for information (WB 12.8, 12.10).

one hundred and thirteen 113

13.1 The Bucket Family

15 daughters very seriously. She takes care of Daddy in her own way. She cannot stand him living with her and her husband Richard because he makes "messes. Imagine her shame when he is arrested pedalling naked 20 on his bike while chasing a milk woman. The sons-in-law have their hands full with keeping grandfather away from trouble. Richard and Hyacinth have a son. In the eyes of his mother, Sheridan is the 25 perfect boy. His father has a slightly different idea of his only child. Sheridan is always asking for money, and thats the only reason he calls his mother. 30 The rest of her family is another story. Hyacinth has three sisters. Daisy, a housewife, lives in a council house with her slobbish4 husband Onslow. Hes unemployed and that fits his lifestyle perfectly. Shes so 35 crazy about him, that she is at his side a few feet from the TV and she does whatever he orders. The two brothers-in-law get along very well. While having a drink with Onslow, Richard can forget about his bossy wife.

Hyacinth lives in a council house1 with her husband Richard Bucket (er, sorry Bouquet). She is an overbearing middle class snob2 of the first order! She is so 5 obsessed with etiquette that she has made her husband Richard's life miserable. He just keeps his head down and does his best to live with her domineering ways. Their house is spotless3, their car is perfec10 tion and they never use the back door of their house. Why, she even puts her empty milk bottles in the dishwasher so they are spotless on the doorstep! Hyacinth takes her duty as the eldest of four

40 Her sister Rose lives with Daisy and Onslow. With her flamboyant dress style, complete with the shortest of skirts, no male is safe from her charms. Not even the vicar5!

a council house sociale woning an overbearing middle class snob kleinburgerlijke, bazige snob spotless brandschoon, vlekkeloos

slobbish slonzig, lui vicar dominee

114 one hundred and fourteen

45 Sister Violet lives with her husband Bruce in a large detached6 house with "room for a swimming pool and a pony". Though they are not family, Liz and Emmet play an important role in the Bucket 50 universe. They are so unlucky to live nextdoor. Liz is invited to company, but always has to be served from a beaker because Hyacinth's hand-painted china7 is much too valuable to risk in Liz's nervous hands

55 (theyre only shaky in Hyacinth's presence). Emmet is a classically trained musician. Every time he is out in the garden, Hyacinth uses the opportunity to "sing at him." She is of the firm opinion that his running away 60 from her shows that he has deep feelings for her. She is right, in a way. Emmet does have deep feelings for her---just not the ones she imagines.
6

a detached house vrijstaand huis, villa

china porselein

A Family Tree
aunt sounds like cant
my grandfather my grandmother (grandparents)

ant sounds like hat

my uncle my aunt

my father my mother (parents)

my father-in-law my mother-in-law (parents-in-law)

my cousin my cousin

my brother my sister

ME

my husband my wife

my brother-in-law my sister-in-law

my nephew my niece

my son my daughter (children)

my daughterin-law my son-in-law

stiefmoeder stepmother stiefvader stepfather stiefzoon stepson stiefdochter stepdaughter stiefbroer stepbrother stiefzus stepsister

my grandson my granddaughter (grandchildren)

13.2 - 13.3 - 13.4 - 13.5 13.6

one hundred and fifteen 115

Jobs

a farmer

an office worker

a mechanic

a secretary

a plumber

a dustman

an electrician

a pilot

a postman

a lawyer

a tourist guide

a child minder

a carpenter

a builder

116 one hundred and sixteen

a beautician

a lorry driver

an accountant

to be out of work to be in-betw een jobs to be unemplo yed

a gardener a vicar

13.7 - 13.8 13.9

Dentist
What I hate, About going to the Dentist, Is the waiting room, Silent Until someone screams behind a wall. What I hate, About going to the Dentist, Is the smell of hygiene in the room, And the chair squeaks as you sit down. What I hate, About going to the Dentist, Is the chair moving, Sounding like a factory, And the blinding light, cast down in your eyes. What I hate, About going to the Dentist, Is your mouth being stretched into an oblong, The picking of the plaque, And the scraping of teeth.

What I hate, About going to the Dentist, Is the drill that touches your teeth, And makes your mouth shake, Like a pneumatic drill on a road, The vibrations like music on full blast. What I hate, About going to the Dentist, Is the sharp injection of pain, The hurt as the needle goes in, That numbs your mouth, That wobbles your tongue and lips, Like jelly as you try to speak. What I hate, About going to the Dentist, Is the slimy pink liquid, The swallow and the spit. What I like, About going to the Dentist, Is being given a sticker, Being made a fuss of by Mum, And watching my brother go in next! Karina Bailey (9)

one hundred and seventeen 117

Tony Hawk
My Life as a Professional Skater If you have never heard of Tony Hawk youre definitely not into skateboarding. Hes the number one in skateboarding history. It all started when he was nine years old. His brother changed his life by giving him a blue fibreglass banana board. Now he could get rid of all his energy. Before taking up skateboarding he was an annoying little boy, frustrated and bored. Now he had found himself a goal in life. By twelve, Tony was sponsored by Dogtown skateboards, by fourteen he was a pro, and by age sixteen Tony Hawk was the best skateboarder in the world. He published his autobiography: HAWK Occupation: skateboarder. It was a real bestseller and is now available in paperback. More than enough reasons for an interview with this skate wonder. What does being a skateboarder mean to you? It is my sense of identity, my way to get away from everything, my creative outlet, my source of fun and my career. If I cant skateboard any longer, I will be very unhappy. Who is your role model? My late father - he showed me how important it is to get involved in your kids' lives. He would be an awesome grandfather, if he was still alive. He had an enormous influence on me. If you could wish something, what would you wish for? Well, if I had one wish, I would like health and happiness for my boys. Riley, Spencer and Keegan really deserve the best there is. I will not be disappointed if they dont become skateboarders. Whatever path they choose in life, I will support them. If they want my help, I will be there. Whats your advice for a beginning skater? If you want to be good at it, youll need a lot of practice. It all looks very easy when you see a pro-skater at work, but they also needed years to master the tricks. I needed years and years to become really good at it. So, dont give up, just keep trying. If I didnt work so hard, I wouldnt be where Im now.

17

13.10

118 one hundred and eighteen

FIRST CONDITIONAL
If people pollute the sea, If they want my help, If-clause: simple present tense a lot of birds will die. I will be there. Main clause: will (wont) + infinitive without to (= conditional)

USE: The speaker is thinking about a real possibility in the future. (De spreker denkt aan iets dat werkelijk kan gebeuren in de toekomst.)

SECOND CONDITIONAL
If Pete had another job, If he was taller, If I didnt work so hard; If-clause: simple past tense he would see his wife more often. he would be an awesome basketball player. I wouldnt get so much money. Main clause: would(nt) + infinitive without to (= conditional)

USE: The speakers are not thinking about a real possibility; they are only using their imagination. (De sprekers denken niet over een echte mogelijkheid, ze zijn alleen maar aan het fantaseren.)

Just Imagine!

13.11 - 13.12 13.13 - 13.14

Work with a partner. Talk about what you would do if these things happened. (They wont!) You can use these ideas. Example: If I saw a ghost, I would run away. Oh, I wouldnt do that. If I saw a ghost, I would ask its name. fight say ask shout 4 buy wait live in take go crazy ... give meet get stuck become 5 6 invite run away help see find win 1 2 3

OVER TO

one hundred and nineteen 119

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
to be obsessed with geobsedeerd zijn door etiquette etiquette domineering dominant, bazig to be sponsored by gesponsord worden door naked naakt at (his) side aan (zijn) zijde role rol to master meester worden, onder de knie hebben opinion frustrated job to arrest identity path career beaker opinie, mening gefrustreerd job arresteren identiteit pad carrire (plastic) beker

FAMILIAR WORDS
to be crazy about whatever to be safe unlucky gek zijn op wat ook, welke ook veilig zijn ongelukkig

NEW WORDS
That father of 3 children had been unemployed for several years. His sense of duty and responsibility told him he should retrain himself to find a new occupation. He took evening classes and became a teacher. Now he has found a new goal in life. unemployed sense of duty occupation a new goal werkloos besef van, gevoel voor plicht job, bezigheid een nieuw doel

My future sister-in-law is slightly older than I am, but I cant stand her. She has such a bad influence upon my brother and she is so bossy. As she soon will become a member of the family, I just keep my head down. Its better to get along well together.

slightly to stand influence bossy

een beetje verdragen invloed bazig

to get along

opschieten, overeenkomen zich inbeelden betrokken raken bij duidelijk beverig(e) bijstaan, steunen

Imagine how it feels when you hear that your friend got involved in a crime. His so called- friends definitely took him in. When he answered the polices questions, he spoke in a shaky voice. I will support him, because Im sure hes innocent.

to imagine to get involved in definitely shaky to support

120 one hundred and twenty

My late husband didnt have the opportunity to see his children grow up into fine adults.

late opportunity

overleden gelegenheid, kans

Theyve chosen a great new headmaster. Hes really awesome.

to choose awesome

kiezen fantastisch, super fietsen gezelschap

Ill pedal with you as far as the station for company.

to pedal company

As material for her final study, my sister needed reliable sources. Therefore she went to the library, as most of these books arent available anymore.

source available

bron verkrijgbaar, voorhanden verjagen sterk

Chase that wild rabbit out of the garden! I have a firm suspicion that hes the one whos ruined my vegetables.

to chase firm

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Family relations (TB 115 WB 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4) - Jobs (TB 116-117 WB 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.13) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 120-121) Grammar: - First and second conditional (TB 119 WB 13.10, 13.11, 13.12, 13.13)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Talk and write about family relations (TB 115 WB 13.2, 13.3, 13.4). Talk about possibilities in the future (TB 119). Imagine things about the future (TB 119 WB 13.11, 13.12, 13.13).

one hundred and twenty-one 121

Summer Holiday Cliff Richard

We're all going on a summer holiday no more working for a week or two fun and laughter on our summer holiday no more worries for me or you for a week or two We're going where the sun shines brightly we're going where the sea is blue we've seen it in the movies now let's see if it's true Everybody has a summer holiday doing things they always wanted to so we're going on a summer holiday to make our dreams come true for me and you for me and you
OVER TO

We are very close to the summer break. A few more days and you can leave school for summer.
Where are you going on a summer holiday? Where would you like to go on a summer holiday? Do you prefer the blue sea and the bright sun? Do you like an adventurous holiday? No more working for a month or two. Is that true for you? Doing things they always wanted to. What would that be for you?

14.1 14.2

122 one hundred and twenty-two

Travelling
transport by car by train by plane by coach / bus by bike by boat on foot hitch-hiking hotel holiday flat B & B (bed and breakfast) cottage caravan tent youth hostel bathing suit bikini swimming trunks sunglasses boots walking shoes sandals cap rainwear excursions museum/castle visits sports sunbathing going out relaxing rucksack - backpack beauty case suitcase photo camera video camera passport identity card foreign currency sun lotion first aid kit a (road) map

accommodation

clothing

activities

luggage

various

14.3

one hundred and twenty-three 123

Hotel facilities
B&B E2 Bed and breakfast Touring map grid reference Sports Gymnasium Solarium Pool/snooker room Indoor games room indoor swimming pool outdoor swimming pool Golf Tennis Horse-riding Fishing Facilities in room Tea/coffee Telephone Television Facilities for the disabled Accessible to wheelchairs

Self-catering and caravans Linen provided Linen for hire Laundry facilities General facilities Restaurant Licensed bar Games room Conference facilities Lift Entertainment Barbecue Microwave Mini-bar Off-road parking Baby minding service Cots available

14.4 - 14.5 - 14.6 - 14.7

124 one hundred and twenty-four

Booking a Room
CUSTOMER
Id like to book a single room a double room a family room with a double bed twin beds an extra bed with a view of the sea overlooking the sea facing the street for one night a week a fortnight I dont know yet how long we will be staying. Are there any vacancies? No problem! No, I'm sorry, the hotel is fully booked. Sorry, I think were full. Oh, youre lucky! Somebody has just cancelled.

RECEPTIONIST

Id like to have accommodation only bed and breakfast half board full board. Is there a private bathroom? a TV? a telephone? a swimming pool? Are there any sports facilities? Are pets allowed? How much is the room? Do I have to pay some nights in advance? What time can we check in? Your room will be ready at Can you give me your name and spell it, please?

one hundred and twenty-five 125

OVER TO

Booking a Room: Make a Dialogue

Student A: you want a reservation at the Park Hotel. Student B: you are the Park Hotel receptionist. Deal with these points: reservation room type period/length of stay room rate name of guest time of arrival board payment Use phrases from the grid on page 121.

14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11

FUNNY HOLIDAY NOTICES These are actual signs and notices that were found!
In a hotel during a conference:
For anyone who has children and doesnt know it, there is a day care (kinderopvang) on the first floor.

Norwegian cocktail lounge: is forbidden to steal hotel towels please. If you are not person to do such thing is please not to read this notice.

Ladies are requested (worden verzocht) not to have children in the bar. Customers who find our waitresses rude (onbeschoft) ought to see the manager.

Tokyo hotel:

In a New York restaurant: Two signs from Majorcan shop entrance:

- English well talking. - Here speeching American.

Sign on a Norfolk farm: Trespassers beware! (indringers opgepast!) I shoot every tenth trespasser. The ninth one just left.

ELEPHANT PLEASE STAY Spotted in a safari park: IN YOUR CAR

In a Rome laundry:

Ladies, leave your clothes here and spend the afternoon having a good time. Would you like to ride your own ass?

Advertisement for donkey rides in Thailand:

In a Copenhagen airline We take your bags and send them in all directions. ticket office:

126 one hundred and twenty-six

School's Out A-Teens

Well, we got no choice All the girls and boys Makin all that noise Cause they found new toys Well, we cant salute ya Cant find a flag If that dont suit ya Thats a drag Schools out for summer Schools out forever Im bored to pieces Well we got no class And we got no principles And we got no intelligence We cant even think of a word that rhymes Well, we cant salute ya Cant find a flag If that dont suit ya Thats a drag Schools out for summer Schools out forever Im bored to pieces No more pencils No more books No more teachers dirty looks Out for summer Out till fall We might not come back at all Schools out for summer (detention) Schools out forever Schools out with fever Schools out completely Schools out for summer

one hundred and twenty-seven 127

VOCABULARY FOCUS

TRANSPARENT WORDS
receptionist accommodation to check in receptionist(e) accommodatie, logies, onderdak inchecken, aankomen reservation facility reservatie faciliteit, voorziening

NEW WORDS
In the newspapers there are hundreds of vacancies. How come so many people dont have a job? Our camping-site is perfect. Its near a wood overlooking/ facing/ with a view of a mountain river in which the children can swim and play. How long in advance do we have to pay? Dial 999 for emergency services! My son has just turned 16. Hes doing a holiday job. Ive opened a bank account for him. Is your life full of worries? Come and join us for an adventurous voyage, full of laughter and excitement! vacancy vacature

overlooking facing with a view of in advance

met zicht op

op voorhand

to dial

draaien

account worry adventurous laughter

rekening zorg avontuurlijk(e) gelach

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary: - Travelling (TB 123 WB 14.2) - Hotel Facilities (TB 124 WB 14.3, 14.4, 14.6, 14.11) - Vocabulary Focus (TB 128)

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Talk about the summer holidays (TB 122). Book a room (TB 125-126). Listen for information (WB 14.5, 14.7, 14.8, 14.11). Write about your holidays (WB 14.10).

128 one hundred and twenty-eight

Communicating in Writing
- Have you ever written a letter / an e-mail in English? - Who did you write to and what about?
OVER TO

A lot of business communication happens in writing (letters or e-mail). Also in written communication there are some rules to follow.

Writing Styles in English

When writing letters and e-mails you can use different writing styles. Which style you use depends on who you are writing to and what you are writing about.

Formal Writing Style

This is the style of business letters, official letters etc. This style is not often used in e-mails but can be used for complaints, letters of application (sollicitatiebrieven) etc. The language used is impersonal and polite. Contracted verb forms (e.g. isnt, havent) are not to be used.

Neutral Writing Style

This is the most common writing style in e-mails dealing with work. Both writer and reader want efficient and quick communication. Therefore the language is simple. The sentences are short and contracted forms are used.

Informal Writing Style

When writing and mailing between friends this is the writing style to use. This style is very similar to spoken language. The sentences are short and contracted forms are used. Make sure that the writing style of your letter is either entirely formal or entirely informal. Dont mix up writing styles!

15.1 - 15.2

one hundred and twenty-nine 129

How to Address People in Letters

FORMAL
Dear Sir / Madam When you dont know the person youre writing to at all. When you know the persons name.

Dear Mr Jones / Mrs Green

INFORMAL
Dear John Dearest Anne When you are on a first name basis. More intimate than dear.

In modern business communication and especially in e-mails, more and more the informal variants are being used.

How to Say Goodbye in Letters

FORMAL
Yours faithfully, / Faithfully yours, Yours sincerely, / Sincerely (yours), Very formal (cf Dear Sir / Madam) Less formal (cf Dear Mr / Mrs )

INFORMAL
Best wishes, Kind/Best regards, Love,

Very familiar

In the USA it is also common to close letters with Yours truly,.

15.3 - 15.4

130 one hundred and thirty

Useful Phrases in Writing

Reasons for writing

I am writing in connection with. In reply to your e-mail I am writing with regard to Im writing about

Giving information
Im happy to let you know that Just a quick mail to say I am writing to inform you that

Asking for information/ Requests

I would like to know if / when Can you tell me more about Could you give me some information about Please could you Please send us I wonder if you could What are the charges for

Closing
Thanks again for Please feel free to contact me for further information. I am looking forward to receiving / hearing We would be pleased to hear from you soon.

Did You Know?

Writing Dates in English
There are different ways to write dates in English. You can choose between the different possibilities, but when there is more than one date in your text, make sure you always use the same pattern. e.g. 5 December 2007 December 5, 2007 5th December 2007 December 5th, 2007

Writing an Address in English

In English we always write the number before the street name. e.g. 22 Lowther Road 13 Marine Parade

15.5

one hundred and thirty-one 131

Did you know?

E-MAIL HEADERS To: the main recipient of the email. Cc: carbon copy (the other recipients can see this name) Bcc: blind carbon copy (the other recipients cannot see this name)

132 one hundred and thirty-two

Communicating on the Phone

- Do you like making phone calls? - What do you enjoy/dislike about using the phone? - Have you ever used a public payphone? When and why? - Do you know the emergency numbers in your country?
OVER TO

Useful Telephone Language

CALLER
Hello, this is / My name is Hello, Id like to speak to Im calling from Im phoning about

16.1 - 16.2 - 16.3

RECEIVER

Yes, speaking. Sorry, Im afraid youve got the wrong number. Whos calling, please? How can I help you? Could you spell your name, please? Hold on a moment, please. Ill put you through. Im afraid the lines busy. Im sorry, I didnt understand. Sorry, I didnt hear you. Could you repeat that please? Could you speak up a bit? The connection is bad. Could you leave a message, please? Ill call again later. Im sorry, I didnt understand. Sorry, I didnt hear you. Could you repeat that please? Could you speak up a bit? The connection is bad. Can I take a message? Can we call you back? Ill get back to you as soon as possible. You're welcome. I'm happy I could be of assistance.

Thanks very much for you help. Thank you so much. Youve been very helpful. OK. Ill call you back. Goodbye. Bye.

OK. Ill call you back. Goodbye. Bye.

one hundred and thirty-three 133

16.4 - 16.5

Did you know?

PHONE NUMBERS 00 44 020 345709 country code (for the U.K.) area code (for London) number

134 one hundred and thirty-four

VOCABULARY
ape to appear apple apricot to arrest art article artistic to attend attractive aunt available to avoid awesome awful aap verschijnen appel abrikoos arresteren kunst artikel artistiek bijwonen, bezoeken attractief, aantrekkelijk(e) tante verkrijgbaar, voorhanden vermijden fantastisch, super vreselijk(e)

above accident accommodation according to account accountant to act to add adjoining rooms in advance adventurous ad(vertisement) advice to advise after shave against agony ahead airconditioning to alarm alibi alike alligator already although amount amusement park amusing angry anniversary annoying anorak

boven accident, ongeval, ongeluk accommodatie, logies, onderdak volgens, overeenkomstig rekening boekhouder acteren, handelen, doen toevoegen aangrenzende kamers op voorhand, vooraf avontuurlijk(e) advertentie raad, advies raad geven, informeren aftershave tegen hevige pijn voor(op) airconditioning, klimaatregeling alarmeren alibi gelijk alligator, kaaiman al, reeds (al)hoewel, ofschoon hoeveelheid amusementspark, pretpark amusant boos verjaardag(s-) ergerlijk, vervelend anorak, waterdichte jekker

B
baby room backpack bag baker bakers bald banana bandages to bang to banish bar basement playing basketball (hobby) bat bathing suit to be born beaker bean bear beard beautician beauty case babykamer rugzak zak bakker bakkerij kaal banaan verbanden, zwachtels slaan uitdrijven, verjagen reep kelder basketbal spelen vleermuis badpak geboren zijn (plastic) beker boon beer baard schoonheidsspecialist(e) beautycase

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to become aware of beef to beg to behave behind to believe to belong to belt to bet between bikini bill biology birth biscuits blanket blond blood blouse to blush boarding school boastful bomb bone to book boots bossy bottle box bra bread bright brother bruise to brush to budget

budgie builder bump to bump

gewaarworden rundvlees smeken zich gedragen achter geloven toebehoren aan riem wedden tussen bikini rekening biologie geboorte koekjes deken blond bloed bloes blozen internaat opschepperig, vol eigendunk bom been boeken, reserveren laarzen bazig fles doos beha brood zonnig(e), vrolijk(e) broer kneuzing, buil, blauwe plek vegen het budget (plan van uitgaven) opmaken parkiet bouwvakker buil, stoot, bons, slag botsen

bunch burnt (fingers) bus station busy butcher butchers butter butterfly

tros verbrande (vingers) bushalte bezig, druk beenhouwer, slager slagerij boter vlinder

C
cake calm camel can to cancel cane cap caravan care career carefully caring car park carpenter carrot to carry carton case cash dispenser castle cat cauliflower to celebrate chain chalk charge charm to charm away to chase chatting (hobby) to check to check in cake kalm, rustig kameel kan annuleren, afzeggen wandelstok pet caravan zorg, voorzichtigheid carrire zorgvuldig bezorgd(e) parkeerplaats timmerman wortel dragen kartonnen doos, brik zaak, geval geldautomaat kasteel kat bloemkool vieren 1 reeks 2 ketting krijt kosten, prijs betovering wegtoveren verjagen chatten, babbelen, kletsen checken, controleren, nagaan inchecken, aankomen

136 one hundred and thirty-six

cheese chemists cherry chicken child minder to choose going to the cinema circle clean to clean cloudy clue coach coat cock coffee coincidence comb company to complain complaint compulsory playing computer games (hobby) condition Congratulations! to continue to contribute to to convince cook to cook corridor cottage cotton wool country main course cousin

to cover up cow to crawl

kaas apotheek kers(en) kip kinderverzorg(st)er kiezen naar de bioscoop gaan cirkel net, proper schoonmaken bewolkt aanwijzing touringcar, luxeautobus mantel haan koffie toeval kam gezelschap klagen klacht verplicht computerspelletjes spelen voorwaarde Gefeliciteerd! verdergaan bijdragen tot overtuigen kok koken gang vakantiehuisje, plattelandshuisje watten land hoofdschotel neef/nicht (zoon of dochter van je tante en oom) verbergen, toedekken koe kruipen

room creatief kortgeknipt haar, stekeltjeshaar crime misdaad crocodile krokodil to cry wenen, huilen cucumber komkommer cup kopje curious curieus, nieuwsgierig to curl krullen curly krullend (foreign) currency (vreemde) munteenheid customer klant cut snee, snijwond cute aardig, snoezig cutlery bestek cream creative crewcut

D
dairy products dancing (hobby) to dare data daughter death to decide to decorate definitely delicious dentist deodorant department store to describe description desert to deserve dessert dessert-fork dessert-spoon devil zuivelproducten dansen uitdagen data, gegevens dochter dood beslissen decoreren, versieren absoluut, beslist heerlijk tandarts deodorant warenhuis beschrijven beschrijving woestijn verdienen, recht hebben op dessert dessertvork dessertlepel duivel

one hundred and thirty-seven 137

draaien, telefoonnummer intoetsen diary dagboek to die sterven, doodgaan to dine dineren, eten to disappear verdwijnen to discover ontdekken dishwasher vaatwasmachine to divide verdelen DIY (= Do It Yourself) doe-het-zelf dizzy duizelig doctor dokter dog hond domineering dominant, bazig donkey ezel double room kamer met dubbel bed doughnuts donuts down (naar) beneden, neer drama toneel, expressie to dream dromen dress jurk drill boor drizzle motregen to drop zakken, laten vallen duck eend during gedurende dust stof dustman vuilnisman duty plicht to dye verven (van haar, kleding)

to dial

to empty encounter to end up energetic English to enjoy entry escalator etiquette event exactly exhausted to exorcise exotic expensive exquisite

extremely eyeliner

leegmaken ontmoeting eindigen, tenslotte terechtkomen energiek, vol energie Engels genieten van toegang, inschrijving roltrap etiquette gebeurtenis juist, precies uitgeput uitdrijven, verbannen exotisch duur voortreffelijk(e), verfijnd(e), exclusief(-ve) extreem, buitengewoon oogpotlood

F
facility facing to fail to faint fair family room fantastic farmer fat father fear to fear to feed fence a few finally fireman firm first aid kit fish fishmonger faciliteit, voorziening met zicht op mislukken, zakken flauwvallen 1 fair, eerlijk 2 blond familiekamer fantastisch boer, landbouwer dik vader angst, vrees vrezen, bang zijn voeden omheining enkele uiteindelijk brandweerman 1 firma 2 sterk EHBO-tas vis visverkoper

E
to earn education egg electrician electrocution elephant elevator embarrassing emergency exit emotion empty verdienen opvoeding ei elektricien elektrocutie olifant lift gnant(e), pijnlijk(e) nooduitgang emotie, ontroering leeg

138 one hundred and thirty-eight

fist to fit in with floor fly fog food court

playing football (hobby) footstep for foreign forest fork fortnight fox freckly free freezer French fresh friendly friendship frightening in front of frost fruit frustrated to fulfil full board fussy

vuist passen bij 1 verdieping 2 vloer vlieg mist voedingsafdeling (in supermarkt of warenhuis) voetbal spelen voetstap gedurende, al vreemd(e) bos, woud vork twee weken vos met sproeten gratis diepvries, ijskast Frans vers vriendelijk vriendschap angstaanjagend(e) voor vorst fruit gefrustreerd, teleurgesteld vervullen, waarmaken volpension zenuwachtig, druk

ghost ginger haired giraffe glad glass glimpse goat good-looking goose (geese) gorgeous to grab gradually grandchild(ren) granddaughter grandfather grandmother grandson grape grapefruit grocer grocers ground to grow fond of to grow up guide

geest, spook met rood haar giraf blij, verheugd glas glimp, vluchtige blik geit knap, mooi gans (ganzen) schitterend, prachtig, adembenemend mooi grijpen, pakken geleidelijk kleinkind(eren) kleindochter grootvader grootmoeder kleinzoon druif pompelmoes kruidenier kruidenierswinkel grond beginnen houden van volwassen worden gids

H
hail hairdresser hairdressers half board hamster to handle handsome to hang out happy hardly to haunt haunted head teacher hagel kapper kapsalon halfpension hamster omgaan met mooi, knap (van mannen) buitenhangen, uithangen gelukkig nauwelijks rondwaren in, spoken bezocht door geesten schooldirecteur/ -directrice

G
gardener garlic generous geography to get along to get on to get stuck to get up tuinman look vrijgevig, mild aardrijkskunde overeenkomen, opschieten overeenkomen, opschieten vastzitten opstaan

one hundred and thirty-nine 139

by heart to heat helmet helpless to hide high hippo history to hit to hitch-hike hole home economics honeymoon to hoover horoscope horse horse-riding (hobby) hot household household chores housekeeper to hug human humorous to hurt husband

vanbuiten, uit het hoofd opwarmen helm hulpeloos verstoppen, verbergen hoog nijlpaard geschiedenis slaan liften gat huishoudkunde huwelijksreis stofzuigen horoscoop paard paardrijden heet, zeer warm huishouden huishoudelijke taken huishoudster liefkozen, omhelzen menselijk humoristisch pijn doen, pijn hebben echtgenoot

influence information desk injured inside to insist inspector playing an instrument (hobby) intimately into iron to iron

invloed informatiebalie gewond binnen aandringen inspecteur een instrument bespelen intiem, vertrouwelijk in, tot strijkijzer strijken

J
jacket jeans job to join just jas jeans job meekomen, meegaan juist, net, zopas

K
kangaroo to keep key kind to kiss kiwi knickers knife kangoeroe houden sleutel vriendelijk(e), lief kussen kiwi onderbroekje, slipje (van vrouw) mes

I
ice-skating (hobby) idealistic identity identity card idle to imagine immediately impatient impossible to improve impulsive in including indecisive indeed ijsschaatsen idealistisch identiteit identiteitskaart lui, doelloos zich inbeelden onmiddellijk ongeduldig onmogelijk verbeteren impulsief in inbegrepen besluiteloos, weifelend inderdaad

L
ladder lamb at last late to laugh to laugh at laughter laundry . in law lawyer ladder lam, lamsvlees uiteindelijk 1 laat 2 overleden lachen lachen met, uitlachen gelach wasgoed schoon. advocaat, jurist

140 one hundred and forty

leek lemon leopard letter box lettuce level life lift light lightning likely likewise lion lipstick listening to music (hobby) to live lizard loaf (of bread) local to lock lonely lorry driver to lose loud(ly) low lower luggage lump (of sugar)

prei citroen luipaard brievenbus sla niveau leven lift licht bliksem waarschijnlijk, denkelijk evenzo leeuw lippenstift muziek beluisteren leven hagedis brood loka(a)l(e) sluiten eenzaam vrachtwagenchauffeur verliezen luid, krachtig laag, diep benedenbagage klontje suiker

maybe meal to mean meat mechanic medicine (water)melon member to mention menu mess microwave milk mineral water miserable to miss monkey mother mouse moustache mug to murder music mutton

misschien maaltijd menen, bedoelen, betekenen vlees mecanicien medicijn(en) (water)meloen lid vermelden menu, spijskaart warboel, troep microgolfoven melk mineraalwater ellendig missen aap moeder muis snor beker, kroes vermoorden muziek schapenvlees

N
nail naked napkin nationality nephew newsagents newspaper next to niece noise noisy nosebleed to notice nagel naakt servet nationaliteit neef (zoon van broer of zus) krantenwinkel krant naast nicht (dochter van broer of zus) lawaai lawaaierig(e), luidruchtig(e) bloedneus vaststellen, vermelden

M
to make sure zich ervan vergewissen dat, ervoor zorgen dat zich redden, erin slagen mango manier (wegen)kaart mascara meester worden, onder de knie hebben match, wedstrijd wiskunde

to manage mango manner (road)map mascara to master match maths

one hundred and forty-one 141

nurse nursery school

verple(e)g(st)er kleuterschool

O
occupation office worker oil to oil on once onion opinion opportunity opposite optimistic orange order to order out of outside overcrowded overlooking overstressed owl owner beroep kantoorbediende olie olin, smeren aan, op eens, eenmaal ui opinie, mening gelegenheid, kans 1 tegenover 2 tegenovergestelde optimistisch sinaasappel bestelling bestellen uit, buiten, zonder buiten overbevolkt, overvol met zicht op gestrest, overspannen uil eigenaar

pear to pedal pepper perfectionist perfume pessimistic photo camera pie piece pig pigsty to pile up pill pillow pilot pineapple plain plait to plan plate pleasant plum plumber pocket money poem to point to point of view poisonous policeman polite ponytail poor pork porter possible postman poultry practical prayer to predict to prepare presence to presume

P
packet panther paper parrot passionate passport pastry path patient P.E. green pea peace peach pakje panter 1 papier 2 krant papegaai passioneel, hartstochtelijk paspoort gebak pad geduldig L.O. (lichamelijke opvoeding) erwt vrede perzik

peer fietsen peper perfectionist(e) parfum pessimistisch fototoestel taart stuk varken varkensstal opstapelen pil kussen piloot ananas gewo(o)n(e), eenvoudig(e) vlecht plannen bord prettig, aangenaam pruim loodgieter zakgeld gedicht wijzen naar oogpunt, standpunt giftig(e) politieman beleefd paardenstaart arm(e) varkensvlees portier, kruier mogelijk(e) postbode gevogelte praktisch(e) gebed voorspellen (voor)bereiden aanwezigheid veronderstellen, aannemen

142 one hundred and forty-two

pretty priest primary school private probably to promise property to provide to pull out pullover pumpkin to punish punishment puppy

1 lief, aardig, mooi 2 tamelijk, vrij priester lagere school priv, vertrouwelijk waarschijnlijk beloven eigendom voorzien uittrekken pullover, trui pompoen straffen straf puppy, jong hondje

revenge risk role roll romance romantic rubbish rucksack to rush

wraak risico rol broodje romance, romantisch verhaal romantisch 1 vuilnis 2 flauwekul rugzak rennen

S
on sale salt salty sandals sanitary towel saucer sausage to save saying to scare science scone to scream seasick secondary school secretary secretive to seek selfish to sell sense of sensitive to separate to serve to settle to settle down shaky shame shampoo te koop zout gezouten sandalen maandverband schoteltje worst sparen, bewaren gezegde bang maken wetenschap kleine, stevige cake gillen zeeziek middelbare school secretaris, secretaresse gesloten, terughoudend zoeken egostisch verkopen besef van, gevoel voor sensitief, gevoelig scheiden (be)dienen wonen, zich vestigen tot rust komen, bedaren beverig(e) schande shampoo

Q R
rabbit rain patches of rain raspberry rational R.E. reading (hobby) reason receptionist reliable to rely on to remind remote control to repeat to report request to require reservation to reserve respect responsible restless konijn regen regenbuien framboos redelijk, verstandelijk godsdienst lezen reden receptionist(e) betrouwbaar vertrouwen op herinneren, doen denken aan afstandsbediening herhalen rapporteren, verslag uitbrengen verzoek vragen, vereisen reservatie reserveren, voorbehouden respect verantwoordelijk(e) rusteloos

one hundred and forty-three 143

delen haai schuurtje schaap (schapen) hemd schoen winkelbediende winkelen (hobby) kort short (korte broek) schreeuwen tonen, laten zien zich aanstellen, opscheppen showers (overvloedige) regenbuien shy verlegen side order bijgerecht sight (ge)zicht, schouwspel silent zwijgzaam, stil silly dom, dwaas simply eenvoudig, gewoonweg since sinds, sedert sincere oprecht single alleenstaand, niet getrouwd single room eenpersoonskamer to sink zinken sister zus skateboarding (hobby) skateboarden skiing (hobby) skin skirt rok to slam met een klap dichtslaan slice sneetje, schijfje slight(ly) een beetje slim slank to slip slippen, uitglijden slug naakte slak small klein smell geur to smoke roken smoky rokerig snail huisjesslak to snore snurken

to share shark shed sheep shirt shoe shop assistant shopping (hobby) short shorts to shout to show to show off

snow soap sock son sound soup bowl source to speed spider spinach spirit splinter sporty to spot (Brussels) sprouts square squirrel stain stain remover stairs to stand behind star starter to stay at to steal step step. (French) stick to stick up sticking plasters stockings stove straight (hair) strange straw strawberry stress strict string stubborn to stumble suddenly to suggest

sneeuw zeep sok zoon geluid soepkom, soepbord bron versnellen, opdrijven spin spinazie geest, spook scherf, splinter sportief opmerken, in de gaten krijgen spruiten vierkant eekhoorn vlek vlekkenmiddel trappen achter iets of iemand staan ster voorgerecht verblijven in stelen stap stief. stokbrood aanplakken kleefpleisters kousen fornuis recht, sluik (haar) vreemd stro aardbei stress, spanning streng, strikt veter, koord koppig struikelen plots(eling) voorstellen, aanraden

144 one hundred and forty-four

suit suitcase sun sunglasses sunny spells sun(tan)oil supermarket supernatural to support surfing the Net (hobby) to suspect swan sweater to sweep sweet sweet to swim swimming trunks syrup

(maat)pak, kostuum koffer zon zonnebril zonnige periodes zonnebrandolie supermarkt bovennatuurlijk(e) bijstaan, steunen surfen op het internet verdenken zwaan sweater vegen zoet snoepje zwemmen zwembroek siroop

tiger tights tin tired tiring toilet tomato toothbrush toothpaste toothpick top tortoise to touch touchy tourist tourist guide towards towel tower toy shop tradition traffic trainers travel agent travel agents treatment triangle trip to trip trouble trousers trust to trust to try T-shirt to turn on to turn up turtle twice twin room twisted

T
tablecloth tablespoon playing tabletennis (hobby) talkative tall tarantula to taste teacher tear to tear teaspoon technology teenager telephones playing tennis (hobby) tent terrible theft though throughout to tidy up tie tafelkleed lepel tafeltennis spelen spraakzaam, praatziek groot tarantula proeven lerares, leraar traan scheuren dessertlepel, theelepel technologie tiener telefoontoestellen tennis spelen tent vreselijk(e) diefstal 1 toch 2 (al)hoewel helemaal door, door heel opruimen (strop)das

tijger nylons, panty blik moe vermoeiend(e) toilet tomaat tandenborstel tandpasta tandenstoker topje (land)schildpad aanraken lichtgeraakt toerist toeristengids naar.toe, in de richting van handdoek toren speelgoedwinkel traditie verkeer sportschoenen reisagent reisbureau behandeling driehoek trip, uitstap struikelen moeilijkheid, probleem lange broek vertrouwen vertrouwen proberen T-shirt aanzetten opdagen (water)schildpad tweemaal kamer met 2 bedden verzwikt(e), verstuikt(e)

one hundred and forty-five 145

U
umbrella uncle under underpants understanding unemployed unexpected unfair unfriendly unhappy uniform unlucky unpleasant untidy unusual up upper paraplu oom onder onderbroek begripvol(le) werkloos onverwacht(e) onfair(e), oneerlijk(e) onvriendelijk(e) ongelukkig(e) uniform ongelukkig(e) onplezierig(e), onaangena(a)m(e) slordig(e) ongewo(o)n(e) op, (naar) boven boven-, bovenste

weather weather forecast wedding weekly to weigh wet to wet whale whatever whisper wife to wipe witty wolf wooden worry to worry wrong

weer weersvoorspelling huwelijk wekelijks wegen nat natmaken walvis wat (dan) ook, welke (dan) ook gefluister, gerucht vrouw, echtgenote (af)vegen geestig, schrander wolf houten zorg zich zorgen maken verkeerd

X V
vacancy 1 vacature 2 onbezette kamer (in hotel) stofzuigen kalfsvlees groenten dominee slachtoffer videocamera azijn bezoek stem

Y
not yet yoghurt youth hostel nog niet yoghurt jeugdherberg

to vacuum veal vegetables vicar victim video camera vinegar visit voice

Z
zoo zoo, dierentuin

EXPRESSIONS
Be seated. to be afraid to be angry to be ashamed to be bored to be cheerful to be crazy to be cross to be delighted to be disappointed to be disgusted Gaat u zitten. bang zijn boos zijn beschaamd zijn verveeld zijn vrolijk, opgewekt zijn gek zijn boos zijn verrukt zijn ontgoocheld zijn walgen van

W
waffle waiter watching TV to water (the plants) to wave wavy wafel ober tv kijken (de planten) water geven wuiven, zwaaien golvend

146 one hundred and forty-six

to be down on your knees to be embarrassed to be excited to be fed up to be frightened to be happy to be jealous to be mad to be nervous

smeken, op je knien vallen verward, verlegen zijn opgewonden zijn het zat, beu zijn bang zijn gelukkig zijn jaloers zijn boos zijn nerveus, zenuwachtig zijn to be obsessed geobsedeerd zijn to be proud trots zijn to be sad verdrietig zijn to be safe veilig zijn to be scared bang zijn to be shocked ontzet zijn to be shy verlegen zijn to be sick and tired het meer dan beu zijn to be sorry spijt hebben to be sponsored gesponsord worden to be surprised verrast zijn to be terrified doodsbang zijn to be unhappy ongelukkig zijn to be upset van streek zijn to be worried bezorgd zijn I wont be a minute. Ik ben zo klaar. Ik kom dadelijk terug. bed and breakfast kamer en ontbijt to change your mind veranderen van mening to be in charge of belast zijn met to commit a crime een misdaad plegen my cup of tea mijn ding Oh dear! Och (hemel)! to do the dishes de vaat doen to do the dusting stof afnemen to do the gardening in de tuin werken to do the laundry de was doen to do the washing up de vaat doen to drive someone mad iemand gek maken a black eye een blauw oog so far zover, tot nu toe to get involved in betrokken raken in to get rid of kwijtraken to go shopping gaan winkelen

a new goal een nieuw doel Hang on. Wacht even. to have an affair with een verhouding/ affaire hebben met Last but not least t laatste, maar niet t minste to lay the table de tafel dekken Not in the least! Helemaal niet! Whats the matter? Wat scheelt er? out of order defect on her own alleen to pay somebody iemand een a visit bezoekje brengen pie in the sky een luchtkasteel Piece of cake! Een makkie! to the point ter zake to put the rubbish out de vuilnis buiten zetten to run the household het huishouden doen at side aan zijde on the spot ter plaatse, onmiddellijk sure enough zo zeker als wat to take part deelnemen as usual zoals gewoonlijk with a view of met zicht op by the way tussen haakjes, propos to wipe the table de tafel afruimen worst of all het ergste van alles

one hundred and forty-seven 147

GRAMMAR SURVEY
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
POSITIVE (+) NEGATIVE (-) Im not from York. (am not) Youre not / arent on the list. (are not) Hes not / isnt home tonight. (is not) Shes not / isnt very tall. Its not / isnt a new school. Were not / arent very happy. (are not) Youre not / arent film stars. (are not) Theyre not / arent very kind. (are not) SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I am. No, Im not. Yes, she is. No, she isnt. Yes, you are. No, you arent.

1.1 TO BE

Im very rich. (am) Youre from Manchester. (are) Hes the new teacher. (is) Shes seven years old. Its a very big school. Were all in class 4A. (are) Youre very clever pupils. (are) Theyre late again. (are) YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Are you the new headmaster? Is she sweet? Am I in time? We put the verb before the subject. QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) How Where What What Who Who is your school? are you from? s your name? s not nice about him? s your father? are you writing to?

Question word / verb 1.2 CAN POSITIVE (+) I You He She It We You They subject can read Chinese. can can can can can can can / can / infinitive without to NEGATIVE (-) I You He She It We You They subject cant speak Italian. cant cant cant cant cant cant cant / cant / infinitive without to

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Can you sing? Cant you be on time? Can(t) / subject / infinitive without to QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) Who can play the piano? Who cant sing? Question word / can(t) / infinitive without to

SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I can. No, I cant. Yes, No / subject / can(t)

Tom can. Alice cant.

You use can(t) to express what you can or cannot do. (Je gebruikt can(t) om uit te drukken wat je al dan niet kunt.)

148 one hundred and forty-eight

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1.3 FORM OF OTHER VERBS POSITIVE (+) I work in a shop. You work at home a lot. Kevin works every weekend. Kate sometimes works in a restaurant. Pluto always plays with our shoes. We often play football at school. You play tennis on Sundays. Sarah and Helen (=they) play in a hockey team. NEGATIVE (-) I dont work in a hotel. You dont work at school. Kevin doesnt work every day. Kate doesnt always work in a restaurant. Pluto doesnt play with my socks. We dont always play football at school. You dont play tennis on Fridays. Sarah and Helen (=they) dont play in a basketball team. Subject / dont/doesnt / (adverb of frequency) / infinitive (without to)

Subject / (adverb of frequency) / infinitive (without to) for the third person singular + S

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY say how often things happen. We place the adverbs of frequency in front of the main verb, except with the verb to be. (We plaatsen de adverbs of frequency voor het hoofdwerkwoord, met uitzondering van het werkwoord to be.) e.g. I am always on time. PRONUNCIATION OF THE 3RD PERSON -S to pick to get to wash to watch to push to throw to find to drive he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it picks gets up washes watches pushes throws finds drives /s/ after / k , f , p , t / (think of coffeepot) / (hissing sounds)

/ z / after / s , z , , (sisklanken) /z/

after all other sounds

SPELLING OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 3RD PERSON SINGULAR to play to make to fly to tidy up to buy to play to say to go to do to wash to dress he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it he/she/it plays makes flies tidies up buys plays says goes does washes dresses regular form + s consonant + y = y ies vowel + y = + s

consonant = m edeklinker vowel = klinker

infinitives ending in o = + es infinitives ending in hissing sounds = + es

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Do Do Does Does Does Does I you Kevin he Helen she look buy like like come go OK in this jumper? The Times? listening to music? shopping with girls? to school on foot? to school by bus?

SHORT ANSWERS Yes, you do. No, I dont. Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. No, she doesnt. Yes, she does.

one hundred and forty-nine 149

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

the bus it we you the Addams they / subject arrive take learn watch look live at 9.15? the children home again at twelve? English? TV every evening? strange? in Station Road? Yes, it does. No, it doesnt. Yes, you do. No, we dont. Yes, they do. No, they dont.

Does Does Do Do Do Do Do Does

/ infinitive without to

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) What Where How Who Who do does does do does the Pearsons Mrs Pearson Philip they she do get come call go on Sundays? lost? to school? Flipper? to school with? They go out for picnics. In the park. By bus. Philip. She goes to school withPeter.

Question word / do/does / subject / infinitive without to / (preposition) SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?) Who sits in front of the TV? Who likes pink tops? What makes you feel happy? WHO / WHAT (= SUBJECT) + verb We dont use to do when the question word is the subject of the sentence and the verb is positive. BUT! Who doesnt like dance music? The verb is negative. QUESTION TAG QUESTIONS (?) + positive statement Pluto likes shoes, Kevin has a dog, negative statement Cats dont bark, A taxidermist doesnt drive taxis, BUT! The tag of I am is arent I. Example: This time Im right, arent I? Question Tag Questions with to be and can never take to do. Example: You can speak English, cant you? Thats not your English book, is it? negative tag doesnt he? doesnt he? + positive tag do they? does he? + expected short answer Yes, he does. Yes, he does. expected short answer No, they dont. No, he doesnt. SHORT ANSWERS Pluto does. Helen does. Love does.

1.4 USE The simple present tense describes regular activities (e.g. hobbies). It's the common (=simple) form to talk about the present. (The simple present tense beschrijft activiteiten die regelmatig voorkomen (bv. hobbys). Het is de meest gebruikelijke vorm om over de tegenwoordige tijd te praten.)

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2.1 FORM POSITIVE (+) AND NEGATIVE (-) I You m (not) am (not) re (not) are (not) arent s (not) is (not) isnt re (not) are (not) arent to be (not) reading a book. going to the shops.

He She It We You They subject

playing in the garden.

wearing blue trousers.

ing-form SHORT ANSWERS dreaming? sleeping? working? Yes, you are. No, youre not. Yes, I am. No, Im not. Yes, he is. No, shes not. Yes, we are. No, we arent. Yes, we are. No, we arent. Yes, they are. No, they arent.

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Am Are Is I you he she it we you they to be subject

Are

winning? travelling? writing? ing-form

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) What Why Who Where am are is are I you she he we you they subject doing? leaving? talking to? going?

question word

to be

ing-form (preposition)

SPELLING OF THE ING FORM I am playing going working writing driving sitting running forgetting play + ing go + ing work + ing write + ing drive + ing sit + t + ing run + n + ing forget + t + ing infinitive + ing

syllable: letter consonant: medegreep klinker vowel: klinker stressed: bekle mtoond

infinitive ends in e: e + ing When the infinitive ends in a syllable with a short vowel and one final consonant AND that syllable is stressed: final consonant is doubled last syllable is not stressed: infinitive + ing

entering budgeting opening happening travelling modelling

enter + ing budget + ing open + ing happen + ing travel + l + ing model + l + ing

infinitive ending in el: l is doubled

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Mind! forget forgetting Last syllable of the infinitive is stressed. enter entering Last syllable of the infinitive is NOT stressed. QUESTION TAG QUESTIONS (?) + positive statements You are answering, Your back is hurting today, I am coughing all the time, negative statements Im not missing school all week, You arent playing well, He isnt swimming, 2.2 USE The present continuous tense describes whats (not) happening NOW. (De present continuous beschrijft wat er nu (niet) aan het gebeuren is.) am I? are you? is he? negative tags arent you? isnt it? arent I? + positive tags + expected short answer Yes, I am. Yes, it is. Yes, you are. expected short answer No, you arent. No, Im not. No, he isnt.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

3.1 FORM (REGULAR VERBS) PRESENT jump climb look play BUT! live arrive phone stop prefer travel PAST jumped climbed looked played lived arrived phoned stopped preferred travelled To make the regular past tense we add ed.

If the infinitive ends in -e, we only add d. If the infinitive ends in a stressed syllable with a short vowel and 1 final consonant, we double the consonant. We do the same if the infinitive ends in el. (In American English the final -l isnt doubled: traveled) Enter doesnt end in a stressed syllable. If the infinitive ends in a consonant + -y, y ied

BUT! enter try carry marry

entered tried carried married

3.2 FORM (IRREGULAR VERBS) See grammar survey on p. 153.

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NEGATIVE (-) I You Kevin We You They subject didnt fall over her handbag. didnt do it on purpose. didnt think Helens a vegetarian. didnt play with it. didnt taste it at all. didnt arrive in time. / didnt / infinitive without to SHORT ANSWERS OK in this jumper? The Times? listening to music? to school on foot? at 9.15? English? each other? this? without to Yes, you did. No, I didnt. Yes, he did. No, she didnt. Yes, it did. Yes, we did. No, they didnt. Yes, we did.

YES/NO-QUESTIONS (?) Did Did Did Did Did Did Did Did Did I look you read Kevin like Helen go the bus leave we speak they meet you enjoy / subject / infinitive

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) What Where How Who Who did did did did did the Pearsons Mrs Pearson Philip they they do get come call have on Sundays? lost? to school? Flipper? dinner with? They went out for picnics. In the park. By bus. Philip. With Peter and Paula.

Question word / did / subject / infinitive without to / (preposition) SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?) Who sat in front of the TV? Who liked pink tops? What made you feel happy? Pluto did. Helen did. Love did.

WHO / WHAT (= SUBJECT) + verb in the simple past tense We dont use to do when the question word is the subject of a positive question. BUT Who didnt eat breakfast yesterday? THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF TO BE, CAN, HAVE to be I you he she It we you they was(nt) were(nt) was(nt) was(nt) was(nt) were(nt) were(nt) were(nt) can I you he she It we you they could(nt) could(nt) could(nt) could(nt) could(nt) could(nt) could(nt) could(nt) have I you he she It we you they had(nt)/didnt have had(nt)/didnt have had(nt)/didnt have had(nt)/didnt have had(nt)/didnt have had(nt)/didnt have had(nt)/didnt have had(nt)/didnt have

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: PRONUNCIATION to to to to to work cough watch stop kiss he worked I coughed we watched he stopped they kissed we started you needed I tried they lived we arrived

[t]

after [ k, f, ,p, s ]

think of the word coffeeshops [ d] after [ t, d ]

to start to need to try to live to arrive

[d]

after all other sounds

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE

3.3 USE The simple past tense is PAST = the period is over. (De simple past is de verleden tijd = de periode ligt in het verleden.) e.g. yesterday, last week are signal words. The common (or SIMPLE) form used to talk about actions in the past. (De gewone vorm om over gebeurtenissen in het verleden te praten.)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

4.1 FORM POSITIVE (+) and NEGATIVE ( -) I You He She It We You They subject was (not) wasnt were (not) werent was (not) wasnt were (not) werent reading a magazine. going to the bank. playing tennis.

wearing white T-shirts.

to be (not)

ing-form SHORT ANSWERS dreaming? trying? swimming? Yes, you were. No, you were nt. Yes, I was. No, I wasnt. Yes, he was. No, she wasnt. Yes, you were. No, you were nt. Yes, we were. No, we were nt. Yes, they were. No, they werent.

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Was Were Was I you he she it we you they to be subject

Were

winning? travelling? leaving? ing-form

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) What Why Who Where was were was were I you she he we you they subject singing? crying? playing with? heading for?

QUESTION WORD

to be

ing-form (preposition)

4.2 USE The past continuous tense describes what was going on in the past. (De past continuous tense beschrijft wat er aan het gebeuren was in het verleden.)

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SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

5.1 FORM POSITIVE (+) and NEGATIVE ( -) I You He She It We You They subject ve have s has ve have (not) started cleaned up the car. the house.

phoned

the police.

ve (have) s (has)

past participle

Careful! Short forms Hes working. (He is working.) Hes worked. (He has worked.) QUESTIONS (?) Have Has Who Where question word has have have/has you she she you subject

past participle = voltooid deelwoord The past participle of regular verbs has the same form as the simple past. For the irregular verbs see p. 153. SHORT ANSWERS lost met kissed? been past participle anything? him lately? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.

today?

Watch out! In subject questions the question word is the subject! e.g.: Who has made that movie? What has gone into her? 5.2 USE The speaker uses the simple present perfect tense when a present situation or state (present) makes him look back to the past (perfect). There is no stress on the duration (simple). (Je gebruikt de simple present perfect tense als je vanuit het heden terugkijkt naar het verleden. De duur wordt niet benadrukt.) Signal words: yet, already, since , for ., just

GOING TO- FUTURE

6.1 FORM I You/They/We m (not) am (not) re (not) are(nt) are (not) s (not) is(nt) is (not) to be (not) going to talk pay to her. him a visit.

He/She/It

build

a new house.

subject

going to

Infinitive without to

6.2 USE We use the going to-future to talk about intentions or plans. (We gebruiken de 'going to-future' om te zeggen wat we van plan zijn (niet) te doen.) We also use the going to-future when we see the future in the present. (We gebruiken de 'going to-future' ook wanneer we vanuit het heden kunnen veronderstellen wat er in de toekomst zal gebeuren.)

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SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

7.1 FORM POSITIVE (+) and NEGATIVE ( -) I You He She It We You They subject ll (not) will (not) wont drink. play. work.

ll (not) / will (not) / wont

infinitive without to SHORT ANSWERS

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) Will Wont I you he/she/it we you they subject find a lover?

Yes, you will. No, you wont.

Will / Wont

infinitive without to

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?) When will I subject / know for sure?

Question word / will / SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?) Who will

infinitive without to

win

her love?

who / what (= subject) / will / infinitive without to 7.2 USE The simple future tense is the common form to talk about the future and to make predictions about the future. (De 'simple future tense is de meest gebruikelijke vorm om over de toekomstige tijd te praten en om voorspellingen te doen.)

IMPERATIVE

8.1 FORM + Turn left at the crossroads. Follow that car. Try again. The imperative is the infinitive without to. Dont park here. Dont get lost. Dont feed the animals. The imperative is dont + the infinitive without to.

8.2 USE We use imperatives for instructions, advice and to tell people what (not) to do. (We gebruiken imperatives voor instructies, advies en om mensen te zeggen wat ze al dan niet moeten doen.)

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LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Simple Past was/were became began bent broke brought built bought could caught chose came cost cut did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forgot got gave went grew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led left learnt lent let lay lost made meant met paid put read rode rang rose ran said saw sold sent shot showed shut sang Past Participle been become begun bent broken brought built bought caught chosen come cost cut done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten got given gone grown had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led left learnt lent let lain lost made meant met paid put read ridden rung risen run said seen sold sent shot shown shut sung Translation zijn worden beginnen buigen breken brengen bouwen kopen kunnen vangen kiezen komen kosten snijden doen tekenen drinken rijden eten vallen voeden, voederen voelen vechten vinden vliegen vergeten krijgen geven gaan groeien hebben horen verbergen slaan, raken houden bezeren, pijn doen houden weten, kennen leggen leiden vertrekken leren uitlenen laten liggen verliezen maken menen, betekenen ontmoeten betalen plaatsen, zetten lezen rijden bellen rijzen, opstaan lopen zeggen zien verkopen zenden schieten tonen sluiten zingen

Infinitive to be to become to begin to bend to break to bring to build to buy can to catch to choose to come to cost to cut to do to draw to drink to drive to eat to fall to feed to feel to fight to find to fly to forget to get to give to go to grow to have to hear to hide to hit to hold to hurt to keep to know to lay to lead to leave to learn to lend to let to lie to lose to make to mean to meet to pay to put to read to ride to ring to rise to run to say to see to sell to send to shoot to show to shut to sing

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LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Simple Past sank sat slept spoke spelt spent stood stole stuck swam took taught told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote Past Participle sunk sat slept spoken spelt spent stood stolen stuck swum taken taught told thought thrown understood woken worn won written Translation zinken zitten slapen spreken spellen uitgeven, spenderen staan stelen klem zitten, kleven zwemmen nemen aanleren, lesgeven vertellen denken gooien begrijpen, verstaan (ont)waken dragen winnen schrijven

Infinitive to sink to sit to sleep to speak to spell to spend to stand to steal to stick to swim to take to teach to tell to think to throw to understand to wake to wear to win to write

10 POSSESSIVE
THE POSSESSIVE Im in the same class as Philip. Youre in class 8B. Hes not friendly. Shes so beautiful. Its a new school. We arent friends at all. Youre thirteen. Theyre in love. My name is Kevin Pearson. Whats your name? His tricks are so funny. Her surname is Griffin. Its playground is very big. Mr Campbell is our French teacher. Your English books are great. Their house is in Selby Road.

11 SOME & ANY

SOME (+) There are some nice blouses in the window. Id like some more coffee. Use: We use some in positive sentences. ANY (-) I cant see any ships at sea. There arent any brown trousers left. ANY (?) Do you need any milk? Do you have any black skirts? Use: We use any in negative sentences and in questions. Could you show me some more suits? Would you like some pink underwear?

requests some

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12 GENITIVE
Homers wife Marges husband the sons name Lisa and Maggies brother + s Barts sisters the childrens grandfather ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ the daughters names + the Simpsons neighbours plurals ending in s only take an apostrophe ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mr Burnss assistant Ned and Maude Flanderss sons + (s) names ending in s mostly take s (sometimes you also see the apostrophe alone)

13 PLURAL OF NOUNS
PRONUNCIATION Singular a book an Indian chief a shop a cat a page a pencil case an exercise a box a match a brother a pencil a pen SPELLING Singular a cat a dog a horse a monkey = vowel + y (vowel = klinker) a puppy a baby (consonant + y) (consonant = medeklinker) a bus a box a match a man a woman a child BUT! one one one one one sheep fish mouse goose wolf two two two two two sheep fish mice geese wolves Plural cats dogs horses monkeys Plural seventeen books two Indian chiefs five shops eleven cats twelve pages eight pencil cases fourteen exercises three boxes six matches three brothers nineteen pencils sixteen pens

/s/ after / k, f, p, t / think of coffeepot /z/ after hissing sounds

/z/ after all other sounds

regular form +s

puppies babies

y ies

buses boxes matches men [men] sounds as pen women [wImIn] sounds as swimming children

after a hissing sound + es irregular plurals

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14 COMPARISONS
ADJECTIVE 1 syllable short high nice large hot wet 2 syllables adjectives ending in y, -er, -le 2 or more syllables heavy happy simple clever tired handsome beautiful COMPARATIVE shorter (than) higher nicer larger hotter wetter heavier happier simpler cleverer more tired more handsome more beautiful most most most SUPERLATIVE (the) shortest highest nicest largest hottest wettest heaviest happiest simplest cleverest tired handsome beautiful

BUT! adjective GOOD BAD FAR MUCH/MANY LITTLE comparative BETTER WORSE FURTHER MORE LESS superlative BEST WORST FURTHEST MOST LEAST

15 MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF

MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF We use much and many in negative sentences and questions and with so, as and too. much before uncountable nouns many before (plural) countable nouns examples: How much money does she want? How many pairs of shoes do you have? There isnt much time left. There arent many children in that school. There are too many people in this room. We had to much fun yesterday. Did you get as many visitors as last year? We use a lot of in positive sentences (both with countable and uncountable nouns). examples: There is a lot of work to be done. We used to have a lot of friends in those days. In spoken English a lot of is also used in questions and negative sentences. examples: There isnt a lot of time left. Are there a lot of people in the shop?

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