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    Storage Tank Construction

    Uploaded by

    Henry Gómez
    There are three main types of floating roof tanks: cone roof tanks, open top floaters, and internal floating roof tanks. Cone roof tanks have a vapor space between the liquid level and the roof which can cause an explosion if ignited. They are equipped with pressure/vacuum relief devices to regulate internal pressure. Open top floaters eliminate the vapor space with a floating roof and use wind girders for support. Internal floating roof tanks are similar but also have a fixed roof and are identified by "eyebrow" vents at the top. All three tank types can experience fires starting from seals, roofs, dikes, or manifolds and ignition sources include lightning, hot work, overfills, and

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    Storage Tank Construction

    Uploaded by

    Henry Gómez
    176 views55 pages
    There are three main types of floating roof tanks: cone roof tanks, open top floaters, and internal floating roof tanks. Cone roof tanks have a vapor space between the liquid level and the roof which can cause an explosion if ignited. They are equipped with pressure/vacuum relief devices to regulate internal pressure. Open top floaters eliminate the vapor space with a floating roof and use wind girders for support. Internal floating roof tanks are similar but also have a fixed roof and are identified by "eyebrow" vents at the top. All three tank types can experience fires starting from seals, roofs, dikes, or manifolds and ignition sources include lightning, hot work, overfills, and

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    There are three main types of floating roof tanks: cone roof tanks, open top floaters, and internal floating roof tanks. Cone roof tanks have a vapor space between the liquid level and the roof which can cause an explosion if ignited. They are equipped with pressure/vacuum relief devices to regulate internal pressure. Open top floaters eliminate the vapor space with a floating roof and use wind girders for support. Internal floating roof tanks are similar but also have a fixed roof and are identified by "eyebrow" vents at the top. All three tank types can experience fires starting from seals, roofs, dikes, or manifolds and ignition sources include lightning, hot work, overfills, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    176 views55 pages

    Storage Tank Construction

    Uploaded by

    Henry Gómez
    There are three main types of floating roof tanks: cone roof tanks, open top floaters, and internal floating roof tanks. Cone roof tanks have a vapor space between the liquid level and the roof which can cause an explosion if ignited. They are equipped with pressure/vacuum relief devices to regulate internal pressure. Open top floaters eliminate the vapor space with a floating roof and use wind girders for support. Internal floating roof tanks are similar but also have a fixed roof and are identified by "eyebrow" vents at the top. All three tank types can experience fires starting from seals, roofs, dikes, or manifolds and ignition sources include lightning, hot work, overfills, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 55

    Tank Types

    Coned Roof Internal/Covered Floaters External/Open Top Floaters

    Cone Roof Tanks

    Cone Roof Tanks


    Normally contain high flash-point liquids

    Cone Roof Tanks

    Cone roof tanks have a vapor space between the liquid level and the roof.

    Cone Roof Tanks

    At the time of ignition if the vapor space between the liquid surface is in the flammable range, a vapor air explosion will occur.

    Cone Roof Tanks


    Cone roof tanks are equipped with a pressure/vacuum relief device to adjust the internal pressure so that it is nearly equal to the external atmospheric pressure

    Pressure/Vacuum Vent

    Pressure/Vacuum Vent
    As liquid enters the internal space, the pressure created by the compressing vapor is vented to the atmosphere or directed to a vapor recovery system.

    Pressure/Vacuum Vent
    When the product in the tank is discharged, the pressure/vacuum vent allows air to enter the tank, preventing damage that may be caused by the negative pressure.

    Pressure/Vacuum Vent

    Roof To Shell Seam


    The roof to shell weld on cone roof tanks are only welded on one side.

    Roof To Shell Seam

    This weak seam provides a point of failure during the case of a vapor air explosion. It prevents tank failure at the base of the tank.

    Roof To Shell Seam


    Weak Seam

    Roof To Shell Seam

    Incidents Involving Coned Roof Tanks


    Pressure/Vacuum vent fires Fish mouthed fires Full surface fires Manifold fires Dike fires

    Open Top Floaters

    Open Top Floaters

    Open Top Floaters


    The floating roof eliminates the vapor space above the liquid.

    Open Top Floaters


    Open top, or external floaters, are designed with a stiffening ring (commonly known as a wind girder) to add support due to the absence of a roof.

    Wind Girder

    Roof Seals
    Provide spacing to allow for the roof to travel up and down on the product without touching the tank wall. Provide a barrier between the fuel surface and the atmosphere.

    Roof Seals

    Roof Seals

    Incidents Involving Open Top Floaters


    Seal fires Full surface fires Dike fires Manifold fires

    Internal Floating Roof Tanks

    Same basic design as the open top floater but it also utilizes a fixed roof.

    Internal Floating Roof Tanks

    Internal Floating Roof Tanks

    Internal Floating Roof Tanks


    Internal floating roof tanks can be identified and distinguished from the cone roof tank and the open top floater by the characteristic eyebrow vents at the top of the tank shell.

    Internal Floating Roof Tanks


    Eyebrow Vent

    Incidents Involving Internal Floaters


    Vent fires Fish mouthed fires Full surface fires Dike fires Manifold fires

    Causes Of Ignition
    Lightening strikes Hot work on live tanks Flare stack fall-out Over heat or failure of mixers Over-fill with remote ignition sources Floating roof contact with tank shell

    Reducing The Risk Of Ignition


    Secondary seals for high vapor pressure products. Fire retardant rimseal materials. Independent high level alarms. Linear heat detection in the rimseal. Wind girders with handrails, to facilitate inspection of seal areas, and foam application to the seal area. System maintenance

    Costs Associated With Tank Fires


    Denver International Airport Tank Farm, USA. Fuel pump failure. - 32,000,000 Marine Terminal, Naples Italy. Tank overfill. - $42,000,000 Refinery Tank Farm, Milford Haven, U.K. Exposed oil on the roof. - $11,100,000 Tank Farm, Newark, N.J. USA, Overfill - $ 35,000,000 Tank Farm, Romeoville, Illinois, USA Lightning strike. - $8,000,000

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