Modal Analysis: Training Manual

Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Module 2
Modal Analysis
Module 2
Modal Analysis
Training Manual
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DYNAMICS 8.1
Modal Analysis
A. Definition & Purpose
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Natural frequencies Mode shapes Mode participation factors (how much a given mode participates in a given direction)
Modal Analysis
Definition & Purpose
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Recommendation: Because a structures vibration characteristics determine how it responds to any type of dynamic load always perform a modal analysis first before trying any other dynamic analysis!
Modal Analysis
B. Terminology & oncepts

Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
} + [ C]{ u } + [ K ]{ u} = { F( t )} [ M]{ u
} + [ K ]{ u} = { 0} [ M ]{ u
u = U sin(t )
([ K ] [ M] ){ u} = {0}
2
Modal Analysis
Terminology & oncepts
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Modal Analysis
Terminology & oncepts !cont."
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts
Mode $%traction Met&ods

Bloc" #anc$os (default) %ubspace &ower'ynamics (educed )nsymmetric 'amped (full) *( 'amped
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Mode $%traction Met&ods # Bloc' (anc)os

+fficient e,traction of large number of modes (-./) in most models 0ypically used in comple, models with mi,ture of solids1shells1beams etc! +fficient e,traction of modes in a frequency range 2andles rigid3body modes well
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Mode $%traction Met&ods # *ubspace

(equires relatively less memory but large dis"space May have convergence problems when rigid body modes are present! Not recommended when constraint equations are present! 4enerally superseded by Bloc" #anc$os
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Mode $%traction Met&ods # Po+erDynamics

(equires large amount of memory! May not converge with poorly shaped elements or an ill3 conditioned matri,! May miss modes (No %turm sequence chec") (ecommended only as a last resort for large models!
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Mode $%traction Met&ods # Reduced
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Memory and dis" requirements are low! 5n general fastest eigen solver +mploys matri% reduction, a technique to reduce the si$e of 678 and 6M8 by selecting a subset of '9: called master '9:! (eduction of 678 is e,act but 6M8 loses some accuracy Accuracy of 6M8 depends on number and location of master '9:! 4enerally not recommended due to +,pertise required in pic"ing master '9: +fficient alternatives such as Bloc" #anc$os reduced cost of hardware
Mode $%traction Met&ods # -nsymmetric
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
;alculates comple, eigenvalues and eigenvectors< (eal part is the natural frequency! 5maginary part indicates stability 3 negative means stable positive means unstable!
Mode $%traction Met&ods # Damped
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
0ypical application is rotor dynamics where gyroscopic damping effects are important! 0wo AN%=% elements B+AM- and &5&+>? allow gyroscopic effects to be specified in the form of real constant %&5N (rotational speed radians1time)! ;alculates comple, eigenvalues and eigenvectors< 5maginary part is the natural frequency! (eal part indicates stability 3 negative means stable positive means unstable!
Modal Analysis # Terminology &
oncepts
Training Manual
Mode $%traction Met&ods # .#R damped

DYNAMICS 8.1
:aster and more stable than the e,isting 'amped %olver @or"s with poorly conditioned models All forms of damping allowed including damper elements ;ombines the best features of the real eigensolution method (Bloc" #anc$os) and the ;omple, 2essenberg method (*( Algorithm) 9utputs comple, eigenvalues ( frequency and stability) and damping ratio of each mode %upports the use of a material dependent damping ratio 6M& 'M&(8 in a subsequent mode superposition harmonic analysis
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
M9'9&0 *('AM& NM9'+
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
;omparison 'emonstrating the %uperior %olution &erformance of the *( 'amped Mode +,traction Method
:+A Model ;haracteristics< >>> >2A active dofs >. damped modes Alpha Beta and +lement damping
160000 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 QRDAMP DAMP CPU (sec) ELAPSE (sec)
*ummary for symmetric, undamped sol/ers

+,traction method Bloc" #anc$os %ubspace #inear %olver )sed Sparse Matrix (r "ta% S %)er (emar"s
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
&owerdynamics
PC3 s %)er
(educed
(r "ta% S %)er
Rec !!e"#e# $ r ! st app%icati "s& M st sta'%e& Sta'%e '*t s% +& Re,*ires %ar-e #is. space& /as #i$$ic*%t0 +it1 c "strai"t e,*ati "s 2 ri-i# ' #0 ! #es Sa!e as s*'space '*t +it1 PC3 s %)er& Ca" 1a"#%e )er0 %ar-e ! #e%s& L*!pe# !ass "%0& Ma0 !iss ! #es& M #es ca"" t 'e *se# i" s*'se,*e"t spectr*! a"# PSD a"a%0ses 4" -e"era% $astest& Acc*rac0 #epe"#s " Master D5( se%ecti "& Li!itati "s si!i%ar t S*'space& 6 t rec !!e"#e# #*e t expertise re,*ire# i" se%ecti"- Master D5(7
Modal Analysis
. Procedure
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Modal Analysis Procedure
Build t&e Model
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

Build the model
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
B'iscussed ne,t
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Mode e,traction options Met&od: Bloc" #anc$os recommended for most applications! 1umber of modes: Must be specified (e,cept (educed method)! 2re3uency range: 'efaults to entire range but can be limited to a desired range (:(+*B to :(+*+)! *pecification of a fre3uency range re3uires additional factori)ations and it is typically faster to simply re3uest a number of modes +&ic& +ill o/erlap t&e desired range. 1ormali)ation: 'iscussed ne,t!
defaults to >eC
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Normali$ation to mass matri, is the default and is required for a spectrum analysis or if a subsequent mode superposition analysis is planned! ;hoose normali$ation to unity when you want to easily compare relative values of displacements throughout the structure! Modes normali$ed to unity cannot be used in subsequent mode superposition analyses (transient harmonic spectrum or random vibration)

2ave element stresses calculated! 'o a subsequent spectrum or mode superposition analysis!
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1

Mainly used for slender beams and thin shells or for wave propagation problems! Automatically chosen for &ower'ynamics method! :or &re3stressed modal analysis (discussed later)!
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
)sed only if 'amped mode e,traction method is chosen! 'amping ratio alpha damping and beta damping are allowed! B+AM- and &5&+>? also allow gyroscopic damping! All types of damping are allowed!
Apply B 4s and *ol/e

Build the model ;hoose analysis type and options
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
... Apply B 4s and *ol/e
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
:ull Model
%ymmetry B;
Anti3%ymmetry B;
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
:or the plate3with3hole model the lowest non3$ero mode for the full and the quarter3symmetry case is shown below! 0he DE32$ mode was missed by the anti3symmetry case because (90F is non3$ero along the symmetry boundaries!
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Re/ie+ Results
Build the model ;hoose analysis type and options Apply boundary conditions and solve
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Re/ie+ Results
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Re/ie+ Results
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Re/ie+ Results
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Re/ie+ Results
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Re/ie+ Results
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Modal stresses< Available if element stress calculation is activated when choosing analysis options! %tress values have no real meaning however these can be used to highlight hot spots 5f mode shapes are normali$ed to unity you can compare stresses at different points for a given mode shape
Re/ie+ Results
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
Mode shapes normali$ed to unity
Modal Analysis
Procedure
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
D. 5or's&op # Modal Analysis
Training Manual
DYNAMICS 8.1
A step3by3step description of how to do the analysis! =ou may choose to run this problem yourself or your instructor may show it as a demonstration! :ollow the instructions in your Dynamics 5or's&op supplement ( 5*2: Modal Analysis # Plate +it& a 6ole, Page 5*#78 )! 0his is left as an e,ercise to you! :ollow the instructions in your Dynamics 5or's&op supplement ( 5*9: Modal Analysis # Model Airplane 5ing, Page 5*#29 )!

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Training Manual

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A. Definition & Purpose

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Definition & Purpose

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B. Terminology & oncepts

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Terminology & oncepts

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Terminology & oncepts !cont."

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Bloc' (anc)os

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # *ubspace

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Po+erDynamics

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Reduced

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # -nsymmetric

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Damped

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Modal Analysis # Terminology &

Mode $%traction Met&ods # .#R damped

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # .#R damped

M9'9&0 *('AM& NM9'+

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # .#R damped

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Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

*ummary for symmetric, undamped sol/ers

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Modal Analysis Procedure

Build t&e Model

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Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

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Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

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Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions